Background: Linear endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of pancreaticobiliary (PB) system usually requires scanning from both stomach and duodenum. Feasibility of assessing the complete PB system from stomach alone has not been studied. Objectives: To conceptualize and evaluate a system-based approach (railroad approach) for linear PB-EUS, by which the PB anatomy could be assessed from the stomach itself. Methods: Three maneuvers were conceptualized and evaluated (alpha maneuver for stomach and sigma and xi maneuvers for duodenum). The maneuvers were prospectively evaluated in 100 consecutive patients requiring PB-EUS. Results: The three maneuvers could be completed in a median time of 12 min (range 8-22 min). Median total procedure time was significantly higher than that for alpha maneuver alone (12 vs. 6 min, P = 0.0001). The visualization rates of hilum and common hepatic duct (100% vs. 83.5%, P = 0.0001) were significantly higher from the stomach than from the duodenum. The visualization rates of retropancreatic common bile duct (CBD) (97.6% vs. 100%, P = 0.49), uncinate process (100% vs. 100%), and pancreatic duct (98.8% vs. 100%, P = 1.0) did not differ significantly if patients with pancreatic head calcifications were excluded. There was no significant difference in the clinical diagnosis made from the stomach versus that made from the duodenum, after excluding body and tail lesions (head of the pancreas neoplasms 100% vs. 100%, CBD stone 100% vs. 84.6% [P = 0.75], pancreatic cysts 83.3% vs. 83.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Adequate anatomical and diagnostic information of the PB system may be acquired by EUS scanning from the stomach in significantly shorter procedure time.


This article explores the representation of the ideal woman and femininity in the Polish interwar Catholic women's press, focusing on two selected publications – «Kuźniczanka» and «Gazeta dla kobiet.» In the 1920s and 1930s in Poland, Catholic periodicals were widely circulated, and the women's press developed against the backdrop of social changes caused by World War I. The Catholic women's press promoted a religious and nationalist worldview while paying attention to the new emancipation of women. In creating the image of the ideal woman, the Polish Catholic interwar press sought to influence its readers' behavior and life strategies. The article analyzes how these publications shaped the image of the ideal woman and femininity, as well as the consequences of such representation for their readership. «Gazeta dla Kobiet» emphasized the care and upbringing of children, highlighting the irreplaceable role of the mother in these areas. It advocated for constant maternal contact with the child, rationality, and moderation in relationships. The importance of religious education was also emphasized. «Kuźniczanka,» a publication that gained popularity at the national level, aimed at the religious education of adult women and the formation of a patriotic position. The magazine promoted the concept of hardworking, modest living and active participation in public work. The magazine sought to prepare its readers for the fulfillment of daily family duties and protect them from worldly temptations. The ideal woman depicted in the pages of «Kuźniczanka» was a prudent wife and mother, skilled in organizing household affairs, and a sensitive educator of the weak or socially marginalized. Both publications promoted an ideal image of a woman based on religious norms, virtuosity, hard work, and modesty. This model served to mobilize defenders of religious and national values and moral traditionalism. It also emphasized the crucial role of a properly educated woman in creating optimal conditions for the development of younger generations.


Thalassemias are a group of inheritable hemoglobinopathies where abnormal hemoglobin is synthesized leading to decreased hemoglobin levels in the body. Thalassemias are classified according to which chain of the hemoglobin molecule is affected. In α-thalassemias, production of the α-globins chain is affected, while in β-thalassemia, production of the β-globins chain is affected. Thalassemias are a grave menace in the modern world which need to be tackled effectively and quickly to improve the health status of people around the world.


Abstract : Over 1000 soil samples were collected at the surface and at depth near buried TMA-5, TMM-1, PMA-1A, PMA-2, and Type 72 land mines at a research minefield at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, in 1998 and 1999. Soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed by GC-BCD for nitroaromatic, nitramine, and aminonitroaromatic compounds to determine the concentrations of explosives-related chemical (ERC) signatures that collect in soil near buried land mines. The most often detected 20 different ERC compounds were 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT), and two environmental transformation products of 2,4,6-TNT: 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). Generally, in surface soils, either 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT, or 2,4-DNT were the ERCs most often detected and were present at the highest concentrations. ERCs were much more prevalent near TMA-5 and PMA-1A land mines than TMM-1 and PMA-2 mines. ERCs were spatially heterogeneous in soil, but were found most often in a discontinuous cylinder around the perimeters of the mines, under the mines, and in a discontinuous halo in the surface soil. It appears that the frequency of detection of ERCs in soil near the TMA-5 and PMA-1A mines is continuing to increase with time. Soil/air partition coefficients, estimated for ERC analyses using explosives-contaminated soil from the research minefield, and the median values for these compounds, estimated in the surface soils, were used to predict the concentrations of ERCs in the boundary layer air above buried TMA-5 and PMA-1A mines. 2,4-DNT and the two isomers of ADNT give the greatest promise for success in chemically detecting buried mines.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a packaged product of a solid preparation containing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide or its salt, or its hydrate and a medium regulating agent, as well as a method for solid preparation stabilizing. The packaged product of the present invention is characterized by the colour differences of the solid preparation being no more than 3, when evaluating the solid preparation surface before and after storage for 3 months under conditions of 40°C and relative humidity of 75%, or for four weeks under conditions of 60°C. EFFECT: invention provides a packaged product of a solid preparation containing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide or its salt, or its hydrate, with excellent stability of solid preparation during storage. 6 cl, 1 tbl, 15 ex


Abstract RNA polymerase core and holoenzyme isolated from Escherichia coli have been denatured and reconstituted in high yield (70 to 100 %). Ultracentrifugation studies and measurement of tryptophan fluorescence indicate that the reconstituted enzyme has a structure similar to that of the native enzyme. The reconstituted holoenzyme transcribes T7 DNA as efficiently as the native holoenzyme. RNA synthesized by the reconstituted holoenzyme from T7 DNA is transcribed from the biologically correct heavy strand and is similar if not identical with that synthesized by the native holoenzyme in terms of size and ratio of ATP/GTP termini of RNA chains. Under low salt conditions, the reconstituted holoenzyme is capable of interacting with factor p leading to chain termination.


Hevin/Sparcl1 (hereafter referred to as Hevin) is an extracellular matrix protein encoded by the SPARCL1 gene. Recently, it has been revealed that Hevin has various functions, such as synapse formation, neuronal migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis (Gongidi et al., 2004; Naschberger et al., 2016; Singh et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2021). In addition, genome-wide association studies uncovered de novo and familial mutations of the SPARCL1 gene associated with a risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (De Rubeis et al., 2014). However, the relationship between ASD-associated Hevin mutant and cellular phenotype has not been clarified. Recently, we have reported that ASDassociated mutation in Hevin reduces secretion efficiency and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by structural instability (Taketomi et al., 2022). In this perspective, we discuss the relationship between the molecular functions of Hevin and ASD risk (Figure 1A). Also, we introduce our recent findings that link ASD-associated Hevin mutant to the cellular phenotype of ASD.


This experiment was designed to investigate advantages of aerobic stability between usual TMR and TMR silages.Four TMR were prepared with 3,4,5 and 6 ingredients in experiment 1,and two TMR were prepared with 50% brewers grains or soybean curd residue in experiment 2 and four ensiling materials were prepared with brewers grains and soybean curd residue alone or in combination with other feeds as TMR in experiment 3.The aerobic stabilities were compared between usual TMR(stored for 0 day) and TMR silage(stored for 14 or 56 days).The results indicated that the aerobic stability of TMR silage was higher than that of usual TMR,and the aerobic stabilities of TMR silages with ensiled for long(stored for 56 days) were higher than that for short(stored for 14 days).The finding of our experiment suggested that the aerobic stability of TMR silages were better than usual TMR.In particular,the TMR silages were not easy to deteriorate above ensiled 56 days after exposure to air.This experiment provided a basis for solving TMR deterioration problems in the production.


In this paper, we improve morph-based speech recognition system by focusing adaptation efforts on acronyms (ACRs) and foreign proper names (FPNs). An unsupervised language model (LM) adaptation framework based on two-pass decoding is used. Vocabulary adaptation is applied alongside unsupervised LM adaptation. The aim is to improve both language and pronunciation modeling for FPNs and ACRs. A smart selection algorithm is used to find the most likely topically related foreign words and acronyms from in-domain text. New pronunciation rules are generated for the selected words. Different kinds of morpheme adaptation operations are also evaluated on the ACR and FPN candidate words, to ensure optimal results are gained from pronunciation adaptation. Statistically significant improvements in average word error rate (WER), and term error rate (TER), are achieved using a combination of unsupervised LM adaptation with vocabulary adaptation focused on ACRs and FPNs.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stacked-plate cooler (1). Is essential to the invention that (a) on an outer side of the tubes 2) an adhesive layer (7) is applied by a lamination of an adhesive film (8) or an adhesive film (9), b) the tubes (2) the longitudinal end (at a connecting portion 5) are expanded by means of mandrels (10), c) the tubes (2) parallel to each other are placed so that they rest on their respective connection areas (5) flat against one another, d) the adhesive layer (7) for sticking the tubes (2) at least in the connection areas (5) is heated and the tubes (2) (via their connecting regions 5) are glued together. The invention further relates to a stacked-plate cooler produced by such a method (1).


This paper deals briefly with the mechanism of natural thermoluminescence of minerals. The heating procedure and the parameters of thermoluminescence curves are presented in detail. Based on the data of 370 samples and 26 typical thermoluminescence curves of Quaternary sediments in Erliang Basin, the paper discusses the characteristics of natural thermoluminescence curves.The measurement results of U,Th,K,210Po and 4He along two profiles across oil reservoirs and uranium bodies are also reported in this paper.


he approval and release of multiple atypical antipsychotics in the 1990s was met with much optimism and fanfare in the mental health community. Designed to exert unique pharmacological effects in the central nervous system (CNS) that resulted in superior efficacy and safety, the atypical agents have been widely embraced as first-line agents for the psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia. In the United States, nearly $4 billion was spent on atypical agents during 2001. 1 The atypical antipsychotics account for more than three-quarters of prescriptions for all antipsychotics and nearly 85% of total spending for antipsychotic agents in the U.S. 2 To add perspective, the market leader, olanzapine, surpassed fluoxetine sales in the first quarter of 2001, with sales of $637.1 million versus $622.9 million. 3 While the popularity of atypical antipsychotics in North America can hardly be disputed, questions about therapeutic superiority persist. For example, in a large meta-analysis published in the British Medical Journal, researchers concluded that the purported benefits of atypical agents over conventional compounds could be attributed to the inappropriately high doses of comparator drug (i.e., haloperidol) used in the randomized controlled trials. 4


Aspergillus niger WP1 screened from soil is an excellent feed compound enzyme-producing strain,which could produce kinds of feed enzymes.We have optimized its conditions for producing enzymes in solid state fermentation process and the result indicated that the optimum fermentation conditions were: ratio of material to water 10∶8,NaNO3 0.5%,and SDS 1%,pH 6.0.Under such conditions,enzymatic activities were: phytase 943 U/g,cellulose 3 089 U/g,xylanase 651 U/g,and amylase 508 U/g.


This paper presents a comparison of the most commonly applied digital holographic setups, namely Fourier hologram, Fresnel hologram and Image-plane hologram.


L‐carnitine (L‐CA) has been used therapeutically to treat hepatic encephalopathy with hyperammonemia, but the mechanism by which L‐CA contributes to ammonia detoxification in the brain is still unclear. Thus, the cytotoxicity and changes in intracellular amino acids (AAs) in astrocytes with hyperammonemia following L‐CA administration were studied.


In this thesis I have studied some problems of condensed matter at high pressures and temperatures by means of numerical simulations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT).The stability of MgCO3 and CaCO3 carbonates at the Earth's mantle conditions may play an important role in the global carbon cycle through the subduction of the oceanic crust. By performing ab initio electronic structure calculations, we observed a new high-pressure phase transition within the Pmcn structure of CaCO3. This transformation is characterized by the change of the sp-hybridization state of carbon atom and indicates a change to a new crystal-chemical regime. By performing ab initio Molecular Dynamics simulations we show the new phase to be stable at 250 GPa and 1000K. Thus, the formation of sp3 hybridized bonds in carbonates can explain the stability of MaCO3 and CaCO3 at pressures corresponding to the Earth's lower mantle conditions. We have also calculated phase transition sequence in CaCO3, SrCO3 and BaCO3, and have found that, despite the fact that these carbonates are isostructural and undergo the same type of aragonite to post-aragonite transition, their phase transformation sequences are different at high pressures.The continuous improvement of the high-pressure technique led to the discovery of new composite structures at high pressures and complex phases of many elements in the periodic table have been determined as composite host-guest incommensurate structures. We propose a procedure to accurately describe the structural parameters of an incommensurate phase using ab initio methods by approximating it with a set of analogous commensurate supercells and exploiting the fact that the total energy of the system is a function of structural parameters. By applying this method to the Sc-II phase, we have determined the incommensurate ratio, lattice parameters and Wyckoff positions of Sc-II in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Moreover, we predict the occurrence of an incommensurate high-pressure phase in Ca from first-principle calculations within this approach.The implementation of DFT in modern electronic structure calculation methods proved to be very successful in predicting the physical properties of a solid at low temperature. One can rigorously describe the thermodynamics of a crystal via the collective excitation of the ionic lattice, and the ab initio calculations give an accurate phonon spectra in the quasi-harmonic approximation. Recently an elegant method to calculate phonon spectra at finite temperature in a self-consistent way by using first principles methods has been developed. Within the framework of self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics approach (SCAILD) it is possible to reproduce the observed stable phonon spectra of high-temperature bcc phase of Ti, Zr and Hf with a good accuracy. We show that this method gives also a good description of the thermodynamics of hcp and bcc phases of Ti, Zr and Hf at high temperatures, and we provide a procedure for the correct estimation of the hcp to bcc phase transition temperature.


With the rapid development of international business and trade in China,the translations of business terms have been showing its more importance grad ually. Among this area,the translations of terms of trademarks and advertisemen ts attract more attentions. Due to the differences of languages,a series of obs tacles will be created while translating. Regarding the aspect of translations of trademarks,this essay is going to illustrate the courses of the obstacles and to provide some techniques for reference to solve these problems.


The pivotal study of a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant showed that it was a safe, effective option for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis.


Abstract : This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Human Engineering and Research Directorate (HRED) under the auspices of the Human Systems Information Analysis Center (HSIAC) Program Office, Contract No. SPO700-98-D-400l; Task No. 8027. This effort was designed to determine the status and availability of alternative controls and displays for implementation within Army ground-based and airborne systems. To that end, it provides a broad baseline of information on speech-based/auditory; eye- and head-based; gesture/tactile; and biopotential technologies. Where the literature was lacking, subject-matter experts were contacted to determine technology status and assess its relevance to the improvement of soldier performance. An Alternative Control and Display Technology Matrix was developed to compile and summarize the subject matter expert/source survey results. This matrix contains technology descriptions, point of contact and/or web source information, estimated technology maturity/availability level, and perceived benefits to the warfighter as stated in the technology description or subject matter contact results. In addition, web sites, papers, or other sources identified that may be of interest for further independent investigation are listed.


The microtubule-binding protein tau is widely expressed in neurons, where it supports the assembly and stabilization of microtubules ([Fong et al., 2013][1]; [Spillantini and Goedert, 2013][2]). Under normal physiological conditions, tau lacks secondary structure and is highly soluble. However,


This study compared size distribution characteristics of ambient particular matter collected from the non-ferrous industrial complex site during the four seasons. The sampling site was located in the central part of the non-ferrous metal IC where is apart from the east sea about 2 km. Samplings were conducted using an cascade impactor, which consist of eight steps for particle size separation. The average of spring PM concentration is much higher than other seasons. PM2.5 fraction showed about 65% in the winter. Not only sampling site characteristics such as processing of non-ferrous metals and ores but also surrounding condition of sampling site have influence on PM concentration and fraction of particular matter.


Using the technique of block-operator matrices of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space,we obtain that the closedness of the ranges of the multiplicative combination approximation Tmc=c1PW+c2PL+c3PWPL,where ci∈C,i=1,2,3 is independent of the choice of(c1,c2,c3),if c1/c2+c3■[-1,0] or c2/c1+c3■[-1,0].


Summary: Observations on the primary and subsequent treatment of gunshot wounds in patients evacuated to the Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the period 1986-1992 are described. During the same period, similar cases treated by Russian orthopedic surgeons were observed at the Menelik II Hospital in Addis Ababa. Comments regarding the use of external fixation devices in those complicated cases are provided.


Collapsible loess is widely spread in Loess Plateau, northern Shaanxi province. The constructional damage due to side slope and irrigation will be caused if the loess doesn't deal with properly. Based on the analysis features of loess collapsibility and numbers of lab tests, this paper presents the relationship between loess structural parameters and confining pressure, as well water content and porosity ratio. The relevant loess structural parameters were obtained by fitting method. The loess collapsibility characteristics were analyzed with different confining stress, soil water content and porosity ratio. The main triggering factors of loess collapse were also analyzed. The results can further give the scientific evidence when dealing with the collapsible loess.


Recent days have witnessed something of a war of words between the authors of a report on Religious Education and Catholic stakeholders in the subject. In this article, Professor Anthony Towey of the Aquinas Institute for Theological Literacy offers a constructive critique of the report and explains why some of its current recommendations are being vehemently contested.


The UKwill shortly introduce a new collective redress mechanism in antitrust damages claims, which will permit qualifying claims to be aggregated on an opt-out basis. This will be the first time that the UK has had an opt-out collective redress mechanism in any sector. Where claims are individually low value, opt-in mechanisms have had limited success as potential class members have low incentive to take the proactive step of joining the class. Introduction of an opt-out system is significant as all potential class members are automatically included in the class until and unless they take the positive step of opting out of the class. Thus, opt-out mechanisms can be effective in combining claims of low individual value into class actions that can be of significant value once aggregated. To date, UK antitrust claims have typically been brought by businesses that have purchased sufficient cartelised goods or services to justify the expense of litigation. Often, such claimants are the direct purchasers of the relevant goods or services or are relatively high in the distribution chain. If the new UK opt-out mechanism proves effective, alleged antitrust infringers will not only face more claims but also, for the first time, face aggregated claims from consumers at the end of the distribution chain. The new mechanism includes a certification stage, where the tribunal will decide whether the collective claim should proceed and, if so, whether it should proceed on an opt-in or on an opt-out basis. Only UKdomiciled claimants can be joined on an opt-out basis; other claimants must proactively opt in. The mechanism is aimed both at consumer and at SME claimants, although the claims will not be certified to proceed on an opt-out basis where individual claims are of sufficient value (ie provide sufficient incentive) for collective proceedings to be practicable on an opt-in basis. The mechanism is expected to come into force in October 2015. This article examines the background to the new law and explains some of its key features. The certification stage will likely be very hard fought between claimants and defendants. There are significant questions on how certification will operate in practise, particularly as this is an entirely new system, with no analogues or precedents in UK procedural law. For this reason, we also consider how the US approach to certifying class actions offers insight into how the UK courts may approach certification.


The sociological scholars pay special attention to the unharmonious relations of social classes,proposes some issues about the social repelled=nce,the socialdeprivation,social break and so on.The harmonious society is the society in which no interests come into collison,on the contrary, the harmonious society is the society in which the conflict of interests can be settled,and hence a generally balanced society of interests can be realized.We must try our best to eliminate the social repellence,and make up the social break with every effort to intergrate the social relatons,which is the foundation of build up the harmonious society.


The methane chemical ionization mass spectra of dodecan-1, 10-dioic acid and the methyl ester show enhanced water and methanol elimination relative to monofunctional analogs. Elimination of acetic acid from 1,10-diacetoxydecane, however, was reduced relative to 1-acetoxydecane. This appears to be the result of bifunctional interactions. The steric requirement of this interaction is shown in an homologous series of dicarboxyl compounds. The change in interfunctional separation is shown to affect the proton and ammonium ion affinities in the ammonia chemical ionization spectra of the dicarboxyl compounds in a manner explained in terms of proton and ammonium ion complex formation. The observation is extended to various other functional groups.


The invention is suitable for the moving communicating domain, it provides the multipath searching method, apparatus and the receiver, the said method includes: A. one sampling point is distilled from the a times super sampling base band signal by turns, the single time speed sampling point date stream is outputted: B. the single speed sampling point data stream and the local fake random code are conducted with the unbinding enlarging operation, the correlating apex energy of local fake random code moving relative to the said single time speed sampling point data stream phase; C. the position information of the several paths and the energy information are outputted according to the said peak energy; a is the natural number, a>1. By input data apparatus the point when the invention below sampling, the position information and the energy information of the several paths in the super sampling time precision are outputted, the higher searching precision can be realized, at the same time, the nicety of the searching can be improved highly.


The present study was conducted to find out the effects of age and culture on altruism under different outcome feedback conditions. A 2 x 2 x 2 between group factorial design with 10 Ss in each cell was employed. The first variable age was varied at two levels, i.e., 8-9 and 16-17 years. The culture was varied by selecting Hindu and Muslim subjects. The third and last variable, i.e., outcome feedback was also varied at two levels win and loss. Eighty girls were selected as Ss from the schools and colleges of Meerut City. Ss were asked to play a magnetic game through which some points were scored. The win and loss were manipulated by informing the Ss about the score of better player. After this Ss were asked to donate a few points from points owned by them to poor and disabled children. Donation ratio were calculated on the basis of points achieved and points donated. The data analysis revealed that (a) Ss of 17-18 years donated more points than the Ss of 8-9 years of age, (b) Ss of Hindu and Muslim culture did not differ significantly in donation, (c) under wining feedback condition subjects donated more than the Ss under lossing feedback condition. Two interaction effects between age and culture and between age and outcome feedback yielded significant F values.


Liu zongyuan's book review of Maoying Biography by Hanyu is clear in structure and rich in content.Contrary to those who show contempt for this book,Liu zongyuan shows affirmative attitude toward what Hanyu has written.In his opinion,the book is beneficial to governance though it is a novel or a fable.Besides,Liu zongyuan also makes research into the humor.Till now,all these research results are of realistic significance.


Controlling cell growth on different surfaces is crucial for many applications. For instance after surgery, unspecific adhesion on exogenous materials can lead to fouling that may result in infections. On the other hand, fast attachment of tissue cells is pivotal for the healing process. Hence, specific regulation of cell adhesion to substrates is a significant task especially in the biomedical field. It has long been known that surface conditions like topology/roughness, wettability, charge, etc. are major factors in cell adhesion on various synthetic materials including Polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium or silicone. However, the literature is sparse on studies of cell growth on medical relevant substrates. We investigated the growth of different cells types on polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers with and without lipid bilayers deposited and could observe confluence and multiplication of cells on both substrate types. Our neutron reflectometry studies of lipid bilayers deposited on polyelectrolyte multilayer demonstrates that the size of the water gap between the lipid bilayer and the PE covered substrate can be influenced by the environmental conditions, e.g. the pH of the surrounding medium. In principal, this 'floating' of a lipid bilayer can also be applied for growing monolayer of cells and detaching them by an environmental change. Suchmore » a fabrication would simplify cell growing and harvesting for various medical application, e.g. tissue engineering. Our approach for the fabrication of cellular monolayers that are easy to detach and transfer, creating free-floating sheets of cells also enables us to study those structures more conveniently and under in-situ conditions using neutron scattering.« less


The gas-phase uranyl peroxide dimer, [(UO 2 ) 2 (O 2 )(L) 2 ] 2+ where L = 2,2'-trifluoroethylazanediyl)bis(N,N'-dimethylacetamide), was synthesized by electrospray ionization of a solution of UO 22+ and L. Collision induced dissociation of this dimer resulted in endothermic O-atom elimination to give [(UO 2 ) 2 (O)(L) 2 ] 2+ , which was found to spontaneously react with water via exothermic hydrolytic Density functional theory computations of the energies for the gas-phase reactions are in accord with observations. The structures of the observed uranyl dimer were computed, with that of the peroxide of particular interest as a basis to evaluate the formation of condensed phase uranyl peroxides with bent structures. The computed dihedral angle in [(UO 2 ) 2 (O 2 )(L) 2 ] 2+ is 145 o , indicating a substantial deviation from the planar structure with a dihedral angle of 180 o . Energies needed to induce bending in the most elementary gas-phase uranyl peroxide complex, [(UO 2 ) 2 (O 2 )] 2+ , were computed. It was found that bending from the lowest-energy planar structure to dihedral angles up to 140 o required energies of <10 kJ/mol.


Strong formal gubernatorial budget powers exist whenever a governor has sole responsibility for budget preparation and execution, the central budget office is located in the office of the governor, and the governor has authority to line-item veto legislative appropriations. Unrestricted tenure in office and the ability to appoint all or most heads of executive branch agencies are formal powers which may have indirect ramifications for budget making. By these standards the formal budget powers of the Georgia governor are relatively strong. Georgia is one of 47 states in which responsibility for budget preparation rests with the governor rather than with a budget commission or board (as in South Carolina or Mississippi). This places the governor in the position of actively presenting the agenda of state spending for the coming fiscal period, while the legislature is for the most part reacting to the governor's budget initiatives. The Georgia Office of Planning and Budget is a staff agency located within the governor's office rather than within a department of finance or administration as is the case in many other states. Its location facilitates access to the governor for top-level budget officials, and increases the likelihood that budget analysts understand and identify with the governor's programs. Its role in reviewing agency budget requests contributes to the centralization of budget decisions in the office of the governor. Georgia's governor is one of 43 governors to possess the line-item veto. This special form of the veto power at least has the potential to discourage pork-barrel appropriations. It makes it difficult for the legislature to include in the appropriations bill items unacceptable to the governor because the governor is able to veto them individually without having to veto the entire appropriations bill. However, the item veto may not be used in Georgia to reduce the amount appropriated for an item. When permitted to serve only one term in office, it is difficult for a governor to become sufficiently familiar with the budget to formulate a comprehensive spending plan, and executive branch agencies and legislators who oppose such a plan may be able safely to resist the efforts of a one-term governor to enact and implement it. To the extent that tenure in office is related to budgetary power, the governor's office in Georgia was strengthened in 1976 when a constitutional amendment made it possible for a governor to serve successive terms. Prior to that amendment, sitting governors could not seek consecutive terms in office, but former governors were eligible then, as they are now, to run for reelection four years after the end of their terms. The formal appointment power of the Georgia governor is relatively weak. According to the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), Georgia is one of only 12 states which have seven or more popularly elected agency heads (1985, 129). The Georgia Constitution calls for the direct election of seven executive branch agency heads (a total of 11 officials), not including the lieutenant governor.' Although shared power within the executive branch is usually regarded as a weak-


Gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a devastating turfgrass disease in many regions of the United States. In 2021, P. oryzae was detected for the first time in Oregon, causing disease on a perennial ryegrass athletic field. This report describes the occurrence of gray leaf spot and pathogenicity testing on the original cultivar mixture growing when disease was found. The confirmation of this pathogen in Oregon may have management implications for turfgrass managers of the state.


This paper does deep research on Chinese traditional sports culture development from the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and challenges with SWOT analysis.Attached to Chinese traditional culture,Chinese traditional sports culture reflects oriental philosophy has tenacious vitality and cohesion,distinct subjectivity and integration.The disadvantage of Chinese traditional sports culture lies in attaching a one-sided,self-enclosed cultural tendency;lack of scientific and reasonable evaluation criteria;cultural consciousness needing to be strengthen.The development of modern information technology into traditional sports culture has injected new vitality into the development of cultural industry;the national traditional sports culture becoming the East-West cultural exchange bond is its development opportunities.With the western sports culture as the main body of the extraterritorial culture shock;Western cultural hegemony to the Chinese national traditional sports culture is the threat it faces the challenge.


WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) is an integrated water resources planning model developed for more than 25 years by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). In the WEAP model, dam and the water demands (upstream and downstream) are all schematized as an interconnected system ruled by allocation priorities (e.g., dam operation rules, priority for competing demands such as water supply, irrigation, hydropower, environmental flow, water storage in the reservoir). Thwake Reservoir is a multipurpose reservoir for hydropower generation, water supply and irrigation development in Kitui and Makueni Counties. The counties are well known as semi-arid hence the key objective of the study is to estimate the safe yield of the reservoir to enhance effective allocation of the water for different competing demands. Safe yield is based on projected future conditions that include a repeat of the most severe drought of record. Because the definition refers to projected future conditions, safe yield is inherently an estimated characteristic of future conditions that cannot currently be observed or measured. Thus any safe yield is only theoretically available at the time of the estimate. However, the reference to a repeat of the most severe drought of record indicates that past conditions are to be used to project future conditions. In this regard, 1000 years' synthetic flows were generated using SWAT Model. In the model, 61 years (1952-2012) historical flows were used and the projected flows input into the WEAP model. The monthly reservoir balance for the base scenario and upstream dams development scenario were simulated. The performance of the Thwake Reservoir under different scenarios was assessed. Different sets of scenarios were explored for the Base Case and upstream development dams. These sets were tuned to the operational rules of the Thwake reservoir. Eventually, the dependable yield of the reservoir under different operating rules was estimated for both the base case and the upstream dam development scenarios. Thwake reservoir has an estimated dependable yield when it will be in operation before and after the development of the upstream dams.


Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) causes serious environmental impact in its end-of-life phase and it is the largest known source of heavy metals and organic pollutants in municipal waste. Moreover, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) containes valuable components that if recycled and reused, could reduce the use of virgin materials. However, nowdays WEEE is mostly landfilled. The enormous volume of WEEE, and accompanying environmental impacts, encourages seeking an environmentally effective policy solution to control the problem of end-of-life EEE. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle has been recognized by many countries from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as an effective policy approach that addresses the problems associated with EEE in the waste stream and stimulates changes in three key priority areas: resource efficiency, cleaner products and waste management.

This thesis is an attempt to explore the potential for an EPR programme for EEE in Belarus because today there is no such programme and it is becoming urgent to deal with problems associated with WEEE in the country. To do so, the thesis attempts to identify key factors that will influence the successful implementation of an EPR programme for EEE in Belarus. The identification of key factors is carried out based on the existing approach of handling WEEE in Belarus, the EPR programme for plastic packaging in Belarus and two EPR programmes for EEE in Lithuania and Sweden. While studying these programmes, the main focus was on legislation, compliance scheme, allocation of responsibilities for collection and recycling, financial mechanism including financing of historical and orphan products, monitoring and enforcement, and public participation. Based on the experiences of these selected cases, the thesis work allowed to identify factors that affect collection and recycling rates, the provision of environmentally sound treatment of collected products, the design change for end-of-life management, and the solution of the problem of free riders, historical and orphan products. It was decided to focus on these areas, as, for the purpose of this thesis, an EPR programme is considered to be successfully implemented if the system addresses them. Discussion of these key factors may provide better understanding when developing and implementing an EPR programme for EEE in Belarus.


NiCo films were deposited on NiFeCr and Ta buffer layers by using a DC magnetron sputtering system on Si substrates respectively.After deposition the samples were annealed at different temperatures.The structural and magnetic properties were systematically studied.It is shown that the value of anisotropic magnetoresistance(AMR)of the film with a NiFeCr buffer layer is higher than that of the film with a Ta buffer layer.XRD results indicate that the average grain size of the sample with a NiFeCr buffer layer is larger than that of the sample with a Ta buffer layer,and the situation of the NiCo/NiFeCr interface is different from that of NiCo/Ta.These would be responsible for the difference in AMR between the two kinds of films.A suitable anneal treatment is good for the films.


The administration of medicines, in both hospital and community settings, is a central part of the nursing role. All aspects of medicines management are regulated by international directives and UK law, and healthcare provider organizations all have local policies and procedures to ensure safety. Nursing practice is also bound by the standards for medicines management described by the UK Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). This chapter provides a general overview of key aspects of safe medicines management and outlines the NMC standards which frame this aspect of nursing work.


We consider cosmic ray transport in magnetic field models where a meridional motion of the footpoints leads to organized meridional field components. We have developed a 3-D numerical code of cosmic-ray transport, incorporating a meridional HMF component. The fully time-dependent code includes the complete 3-D time-varying magnetic field. We use this code to study a Fisk-like field, as well as the effects of a dynamically changing current sheet. Preliminary results are discussed. 1. Introduction In contrast to the standard Archimedean spiral, the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) model proposed by Fisk [2] has an organized meridional Bθ component. An organized meridional Bθ will also arise at almost any temporal change of the global field, like a shift in the tilt of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) [7]. The seemingly small difference in the HMF model may have significant effects on cosmic-ray transport. The organized meridional motion of the field lines may, over large distances, establish direct magnetic connection between high and low heliographic latitudes. Quantitative studies are not easy since the presence of Bθ poses serious challenge to numerical codes. Initial modeling efforts have been


This volume is perfect for the armchair UFO enthusiast and budding scientist. This compilation of stories from leading scientists and UFO experts will pique any young person's interest in the possibility that UFOs really exist. Included are accounts from the world's leading experts on new evidence o... "The central core of this book is the 'entirely new domain of the knowledge of nature' that has been the concern of the Cassiopaean Transmissions from the very beginning. It is the nature of this domain that is the subject of their communications regarding aliens, alien abductions, hyperdimensional ...


Fragmentation of the agriculture prevents the efficient use of the production factors. The aim of this study is to determine the factors which affect land fragmentation of farms in villages of Central District of Erzurum Province in 2004. Ordered logit model was used for this purpose. As a result of the study, it has been found that there is a positive relationship between tools and machinery assets which constitute the explanatory variable, the size of the enterprise, forage crop cultivation, population working in the agricultural sector and land fragments number. In addition, a negative relationship was found between arid land rental value and land fragmentation.

 Key words: Land fragmentation, ordered logit, Erzurum, Turkey.


Recent studies show that deposition of dust and black carbon to snow and ice accelerates snowmelt and perturbs regional climate and hydrologic cycles. Radiative forcing by aerosols is often neglected in climate and hydrological models in part due to scarcity of observations. Here we describe and validate an algorithm suite (Imaging Spectrometer‐Snow Albedo and Radiative Forcing (IS‐SnARF)) that provides quantitative retrievals of snow grain size, snow albedo, and radiative forcing by light‐absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected on 15 June 2011 in the Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA), SW Colorado, USA. Radiative forcing by LAISI is retrieved by the integral of the convolution of spectral irradiance with spectral differences between the spectral albedo (scaled from the observed hemispherical‐directional reflectance factor (HDRF)) and modeled clean snow spectral albedo. The modeled surface irradiance at time of acquisition at test sites was 1052 W m−2 compared to 1048 W m−2 measured with the field spectroradiometer measurements, a relative difference of 0.4%. HDRF retrievals at snow and bare soil sites had mean errors relative to in situ measurements of −0.4 ± 0.1% reflectance averaged across the spectrum and root‐mean‐square errors of 1.5 ± 0.1%. Comparisons of snow albedo and radiative forcing retrievals from AVIRIS with in situ measurements in SBBSA showed errors of 0.001–0.004 and 2.1 ± 5.1 W m−2, respectively. A counterintuitive result was that, in the presence of light absorbing impurities, near‐surface snow grain size increased with elevation, whereas we generally expect that at lower elevation the grain size would be larger.


In 2004,the State Sport General Administration declared to rank e-sports as the ninety-ninth formal competitive event.On November 8,2005,e-sports entered Guangxi and immediately attracted people's attention which encouraged its rapid development.The paper uses methods of documentation,questionnaire and mathematical analysis and analyzes the current situation of e-sports in Nanning.The analysis indicates that there is a gap between Nanning's e-sports level and that of the whole country.Citizens tolerantly understand e-sports.However,the overall level of participation is low.


We investigate, from a comparative point of view, the participation of rural owners in the justice of peace in Buenos Aires' country during the XIX century. Our paper reflects the similarities and differences in an opening frontier, with an almost permanent state of war. We describe the function of these functionaries and we find that the legislation helps them to have good connections with the most important proprietors in the region, because of their position as judges grant them, not only the control over the land distributed by the government but also the possibility of involve themselves in a secondary market of transference of rights.


While Bangladesh has experienced a remarkable 40% decline in maternal mortality over the past ten years, it remains a major health problem. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most prevalent preventable causes of maternal mortality in the country, accountable for over a quarter of the deaths. In Bangladesh, over 70% of the births take place outside health centres, mostly in poor rural areas. This leads to lack of access to conventional injectable uterotonics (i.e. oxytocin) during the third stage of labour to prevent or treat PPH. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of oral misoprostol as an intervention to prevent PPH in rural Bangladesh during home births that take place without trained birth attendants. A review of the existing literature in electronic database, shows robust evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs)on the effectiveness of oral misoprostol in preventing PPH. Misoprostol has proved significantly effective (RR 0.58, CI 0.38–0.87) in reducing PPH incidence and to go have a very good safety profile. Furthermore, field trials and operational studies have already proven the feasibility, acceptance and safety of scaling up the use of misoprostol in rural Bangladesh. Therefore, we recommend oral misoprostol to be included in the National Maternal Health Strategy as an intervention to control PPH during home birth in rural Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 2-6


Abstract:"mammals—" threads two scenes into each other: one takes place in the homosocial space of a mourning event and the other by a pool. The poem is concerned with recognitions, definitions, and alterities, especially as related to genders and species.