Patients with myocardial infarction present abnormal neurovascular control at rest and during physiological conditions. On the other hand, exercise training (ET) restores the autonomic control in these patients. However, the effect of ET on neurovascular control during a defense reaction of mental stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that long‐term ET would decrease muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and would increase the skeletal muscle vasodilatation during mental stress in ACS patients. Thirty‐four patients with ACS with preserved ventricular function were allocated in two groups: 1) ET (ACS‐ET, n=17) and 2) Untrained (ACS‐U, n=17). MSNA was recorded directly from the peroneal nerve by microneurography and forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The six‐month ET program was supervised and consisted of three 60‐min exercise sessions/week. Mental stress was elicited by a mental challenge of Stroop Color Word Test during 3 minutes. MSNA significantly decreased during mental stress in the ACS‐ET group (P=0.002), but not in the ACS‐U group. In addition, in the post‐intervention period, the levels of MSNA during mental stress were significantly lower in the ACS‐ET group in compared with ACS‐U group (P=0.04). ET did not significantly change the forearm vascular conductance during mental stress. However, in the post‐intervention period, the forearm vascular conductance response was significantly higher in the ACS‐ET group compared with ACS‐U group (P<0.001). In conclusion, ET improves neurovascular control during a defense reaction of mental stress in patients with ACS. Therefore, these results emphasize the importance of prescribing ET in the treatment of these patients.


This paper presents a novel framework for stochastic optimal operation of Energy Storage (ES) systems in coordination with Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) in three-phase unbalanced distribution systems. An efficient three-phase unbalanced Distribution Optimal Power Flow (DOPF) is formulated that can be used for both radial and meshed networks. Mathematical optimization models for ESs are developed and integrated in the DOPF formulation. Then, two stochastic operation methods, Fixed-Window Iterative and Rolling Stochastic Optimization methods, are employed to optimally schedule the operation of resources in distribution networks with uncertainties in demand and RER outputs. The proposed optimization model can also be employed to analyze the effects of integrating RERs and ESs into distribution systems. Some relevant simulation results are presented and discussed to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method to optimally operate distribution systems with ES and RERs. Presented results show that considerable power loss reductions could be achieved with optimal operation of ESs even in the presence of uncertainties.


Professor Bork quotes a passage from Lorentz's 1895 paper4 which is clearly a reference to the letter of FitzGerald which I quoted above. However, Lorentz did not bother to track down the publication in Science, nor did anyone else. Nevertheless, Lorentz did give FitzGerald some credit for independently suggesting the contraction hypothesis, and this is one reason why FitzGerald's name has become associated with it.


In this study,the polysaccharides from Dendrobium densiflorum were used to investigate the changes in molecular distribution,intrinsic viscosity,solution conformation and immunoregulatory activity after usltrasonic treatment.High performance gel permeation chromatography indicated that the molecular weight of the polysaccharide was significantly decreased by usltrasonic treatment,which led to a drop in intrinsic viscosity.Atomic force microscope showed that with ultrasonic treatment,the conformation of D.densiflorum polysaccharides was changed into the dispersed state from the large spindle- shaped state.Using in vitro splenic cell proliferation experiment,the immunoregulatory activity of the polysaccharides was enhanced by ultrasonic treatment.These results suggested that the physicochemical properties and biological activities of D.densiflorum polysaccharides could be changed by the ultrasonic treatment,which should be applied to the extraction of natural polysaccharides with caution.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an improvised sustainable health-care model by integrating best practices, innovations and new dimensions to the present public health-care system – National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) – for improving the health status of the bottom of pyramid (BoP) in India. Design/methodology/approach – The contribution of NRHM in ensuring the availability of health-care services and improving health indicators has been assessed. Some unique proven models of excellent health-care services and innovations have also been considered in designing an improvised health-care model. The empirical context takes the use of case study research methodology. The data have been extracted from various relevant papers, reports and websites. Findings – Despite substantial augmentation in health infrastructure and human resources, increased local engagement and technology integration, the progress in health indicators during the NRHM has not been fairly better than that before. The prese...


The function r = f(s,p) is established and the parameters are defined on the basis of the element classification previously described (Compt. rend. 248. 2165(1959)) and on the assumptions that the radius of free atoms varies as a function of the successive filling of the external shells 1 to 4, increasing by their a and p electrons only. A series fuaction was then obtainted. The radius of He is obtained by developing in series the arithmetic mean of r/sub 1/. It is understood that these functions have no physical reality. (J.S.R.)


This article is devoted to training simulators aimed to support inductive methods in teaching applied mathematical disciplines in the higher education system. Such training simulators not only implement traditional functions by presenting ready knowledge and ensuring opportunities for obtaining skills in problems solving, but they also enable students to organize their own experimental research, to process and analyze the obtained results in order to generate a new generalized knowledge. The article summarizes some requirements to simulators, and describes one of the variants of the basic structure of the simulator and its functions. The article also gives examples of simulators applicable to the following disciplines: Optimization Methods, and Simulation Modeling, elaborated in the framework of the concept of inductive teaching.


The view of scientific development is a guidance and principle for the innovation in library service. Librarian should explore new way of service,people foremost,improving quality of service.In the era of knowledgeable economy,to be innovative and practical in working can keep our library work developing in a sustainable way.


Anonymization is an important aspect of data privacy protection, especially in the context of sensitive personal information collected through sensors. In this paper, we propose a new service-based architecture for anonymizing such data in real-time, ensuring that data is accessible to authorized users while maintaining privacy. Our architecture is based on the annotation of data at ingestion time, where privacy levels are assigned to sets of columns. The anonymization procedure is performed by compressing and encoding the data through an autoencoder model, where the encoder and decoder functions are defined as parametric functions composed of multiple hidden layers.


Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are the conjoining of an entities' physical and computational elements. The development of a typical CPS system follows a sequence from conceptual modeling, testing in simulated (virtual) worlds, testing in controlled (possibly laboratory) environments and finally deployment. Throughout each (repeatable) stage, the behavior of the physical entities, the sensing and situation assessment, and the computation and control options have to be understood and carefully represented through abstraction.
The CPS Group at the Ohio State University, as part of an NSF funded CPS project on "Autonomous Driving in Mixed Environments", has been developing CPS related educational activities at the K-12, undergraduate and graduate levels. The aim of these educational activities is to train students in the principles and design issues in CPS and to broaden the participation in science and engineering. The project team has a strong commitment to impact STEM education across the entire K-20 community.
In this paper, we focus on the K-12 community and present a two-week Summer Program for high school juniors and seniors that introduces them to the principles of CPS design and walks them through several of the design steps. We also provide an online repository that aids CPS researchers in providing a similar educational experience.


Urinary proteins from 14 patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. Urinary total protein concentrations were measured, and urinary 15 proteins (prealbumin, albumin, α1‐microglobulin, α1‐antitrypsin, α2‐macroglobulin, haptoglobin, retinol binding protein, transferrin, β2‐microglobulin, IgA, IgG, κ‐ and λ‐light chains, cystatin C, and lysozyme) were identified by the use of a rapid and highly sensitive colloidal silver staining reagent suited for use with cellulose acetate membranes, as reported previously by Matsuda et al. (J Clin Lab Anal 15:171–174, 2001; Clin Chem47:763–766, 2001) and Hiratsuka et al. (J Clin Lab Anal 10:403–406, 1996). We also analyzed urinary total protein concentration and urinary protein fractions according to the presence of acute or nonacute interstitial nephritis. In addition, the relationship between urinary protein fraction and complications of interstitial nephritis was analyzed. The goal of this work was to find a useful index for the diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 17:44–51, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The impacts of heatwaves extend beyond human suffering. According to The Sydney. Morning Herald, suspension of work, especially in mines and factories in the late 19th and early 20th century, was common during heatwaves in both Sydney and other New South Wales towns. Some factories reported internal temperatures in excess of 50°C and in Sydney, 500 waterside workers 'walked off in January 1960 and again in February 1973 when hull temperatures reached up to 44°C.


Social entrepreneurship plays a fundamental role in the economy and especially in the firm. Mainly in developing countries, social entrepreneurship is of primary importance and is socially necessary to try to alleviate social inequalities among the richest and the poorest in society. In this process of diminishing social differences, business models are of fundamental importance, especially digital models with intensive use of ICT. In this chapter, the author synthesizes the 57 digital business models that exist today and enhances the importance of the Circular Economy and the Socioeconomics of Solidarity as an emerging trend in economic thinking.


................................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xvii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1 EXPLORING EMOTIONS IN A MATH PEDAGOGY COURSE ......................................... 1 Integrating the Exploration of Teacher's Emotions into a Math Pedagogy Course ........... 2 Conflicts in Axiology ................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledging and Exploring Emotions ................................................................................... 4 Teacher | Researcher ................................................................................................................. 5 Making Meaning of What is Happening ................................................................................. 8 Teachers' Emotions and Emotional Responses .......................................................................... 9 Emotions and Emotional Responses ...................................................................................... 10 Biological Lens of Emotions ................................................................................................... 11 Neurological Lens of Emotions .............................................................................................. 12 Cultural Lens of Emotions ..................................................................................................... 14 Cognitive Lens of Emotions .................................................................................................... 15 Mind | Body Lens .................................................................................................................... 16 Dramaturgical and Symbolic Interaction Theories ............................................................. 18 Symbolic Interactionist Theory .............................................................................................. 19


Objective Purpose: To assess the influence of sleep disorders on temporal and jaw pain in the morning in adults and elderly people. Methods: Population-based study with representative individuals aged 18 years or over. Individuals were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The outcomes of morning jaw pain and morning temporal pain were assessed. Sleep bruxism, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep quality were evaluated as exposure variables. Adjusted analysis was conducted using Poisson regression. All analysis was sex stratified. Results: 820 individuals were studied. Female with sleep bruxism were 1.37 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.041). Male and female with bruxism had a prevalence 160% and 97%, respectively, higher of morning jaw pain (male: p=0.003; female: p<0.001). Women with obstructive sleep apnea were 1.52 times more likely to have morning temporal pain (p=0.023). Men with poor sleep quality had a prevalence 190% higher of morning temporal pain (p=0.005). Conclusion: Morning craniofacial pain is more frequent in individuals with sleep disorders, and there are differences between sexes. Since more than one sleep disorder can be present in the same individual, studies that adjust the analyses for possible confounders are important to avoiding possible overlap between them.


Urban and regional development of municipalities and also industrial progress of the last decades lead to the generation of a high amount of household and production waste, with an important fraction of recyclable waste. Almost 40% from these are paper and cardboard waste. Paper and cardboard manufacturing is one of the most dynamic industrial sectors which addresses very seriously the concept of circular economy, by closing the production loop, since it is able to valorize the recovered paper at a high degree. However, there are production waste, generated during cardboard and corrugated packaging manufacturing, which can be further revaluated "in plant" for the production of various subassemblies or products. This way, the transport of production waste to the paper mill (for "off-site recycling") is avoided, production waste is turned into resource and the new products and/or subassemblies can be delivered on the market eco-efficiently, at reasonable price, with low impact in the environment, since they are entirely recyclable and biodegradable. In this context, the present study developed an analysis of the efficiency, expressed in terms of costs and benefits and assessed by applying a method specific to Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), for an eco-product (Eco-P) manufactured from production waste, in the context of eco-innovation and eco-design principles. The results showed that turning production waste into raw material by reusing it in the form of a marketable eco-product improves significantly process eco-efficiency by closing the loop, reduces eco-costs and increase the benefit/cost ratio.


Anisakis spp. is a genus of parasitic nematode which can be transmitted to human through seafood like fish and marine mammals. Anisakis may cause health problems in digestive system and allergic reactions when a raw or undercooked fish containing anisakis larvae in third stage of life is consumed. Three species have evidently caused diseases for human: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto, Anisakis simplex C and Anisakis pegreffi. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urticaria. Some larvae are resistant to heat and digestive enzymes, thus, incidents of this worm induced disease still occur.


A one-piece multipole plate for a magnetic clamping apparatus, a process for making such plate and a magnetic apparatus having such plate. The magnetic apparatus has a plurality of pole pieces and the plurality of pole pieces extend from the plate and are formed of one piece with the plate.


This chapter identifies three key elements for effectively implementing the Covenants in times of financial crisis: a people-oriented, rights-based perspective, a process to foster coherence, and a new paradigm for bridging the gap between human rights and international financial regulations. It first analyses the anatomy of different types of financial crises from a rights-holder perspective and identifies the key actors and their potential impacts. It shows that, while financial crises share commonalities, their triggers, involved actors, and effects may vary substantially, leading to a complex web of relationships and responsibilities and norm fragmentation. This feeds into an expansion of focus from people to process and coherence with an analysis of the human rights responsibilities of international financial institutions and their members. The chapter concludes by suggesting translational human rights as a new paradigm for bridging the identified conceptual gaps and conflicting interests, and to pave the way for a more active role of the Covenants.


The airborne F-SAR sensor, developed and operated by the DLR Microwaves and Radar Institute, provides very high resolution, fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in multiple frequency bands that are enhanced by several interferometric imaging modes. The high resolution/high bandwidth regime of operation introduces significant challenges regarding both data calibration and image formation, or focusing. This paper reviews the methods for accurate antenna characterization and the parameter extraction for SAR data processing. The antenna measurements must accurately portray interactions with the surroundings as mounted on the aircraft. The results presented concern the antenna characterization itself and illustrate how the quality of real polarimetric and interferometric SAR data is significantly improved.


In this paper, we investigate the generalized low rank approximation to the symmetric positive semidefinite matrix in the Frobenius norm: $$\underset{ rank(X)\leq k}{\min} \sum^m_{i=1}\left \Vert A_i - B_i XB_i^T \right \Vert^2_F,$$ where $X$ is an unknown symmetric positive semidefinite matrix and $k$ is a positive integer. We firstly use the property of a symmetric positive semidefinite matrix $X=YY^T$, $Y$ with order $n\times k$, to convert the generalized low rank approximation into unconstraint generalized optimization problem. Then we apply the nonlinear conjugate gradient method to solve the generalized optimization problem. We give a numerical example to illustrate the numerical algorithm is feasible.


Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are expected to operate with safety guarantee in presence of adversaries from the Internet of Vehicles. This article proposes a control method named reachability analysis plus satisfiability modulo theories (RA-SMT) for CAVs against integrity attacks caused by bounded adversary. This method enables vehicles to possess the reach-avoid specification and strict control safety ensurance even in the worst case scenario. The introduction of state-feedback control decomposes the original complex problem into more manageable reachability analysis and adversary-free control strategy optimization. Precisely, zonotope sets are employed for reachability analysis, and the control strategy is optimally solved and verified simultaneously via SMT. This method is applicable to complex traffic scenarios with the help of SMT, which can describe various constraints flexibly and conveniently. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness and safety of the proposed method in the classical car-following scenario against bounded adversary under various conditions. Particularly, RA-SMT exhibits significantly improved control performance (around 16%) and computation efficiency (around 63%) compared with existing methods. Finally, the RA-SMT is implemented on an autonomous driving platform to validate its practicability.


Abstract The main purpose of this research was to test the content of accounting information (earnings and operating cash flow) in the context of investors' decisions at capital markets. The research is based on event study approach where return volatility index RVIitis used as measure of market reaction in the period of 10 days before and after publishing the accounting information. The research was done on the sample of companies from CROBEX 10, i.e. on the sample of 10 most traded companies from the Zagreb Stock Exchange in the period 2005-2009. As a general conclusion we can point out that accounting information (earnings and operating cash flow) from annual report has information content since the market reacts to published information with abnormal returns.


According to the reqiurements of the code for seismis design of buildings,the elasto-plastic time-history method is adopted to analyse the structure.Considering the factors influencing the reliability of the time-history method,the rational selection method of seismic wave is studied.In order to improve the defects of current selection of seisimic wave,it is suggested to use the elastic total input energy as the complemental method under consideration of the influence of motion duration.A nonlinear soft IDARC program is carried out.Both theoretical and computational analyses show: this selection method of seismic wave considers three factors of ground motion comprehensively,therefore the computational results are reasonable.


Breastshot water wheels have very good simplicity, efficiency, and low head working range which is suitable for use in tropical rainforest villages in Indonesia. One of the weaknesses of the breastshot water wheel is that it has a very slow rotational speed which makes it need a high transmission ratio to be coupled with the generator. This study investigates the performance of a breastshot water wheel at smaller diameters and modifying the bucket inlet angle (36°, 49°, 71°, and 90°) by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In this case, the breastshot waterwheel's diameter ratio is equal to the head. Based on CFD results, the new configuration (this study) allowed us to increase the rotational speed to 30 to 35 rpm, higher than typical rotational speeds of breastshot water wheels of less than 10 rpm. Then, the bucket inlet angle and wheel rotation affect the performance of the breastshot waterwheel and are expressed using empirical law. Based on the empirical law approach, the 49° bucket is recommended because it has a stable efficiency above 60% and a wide operating range; the large discharge fluctuations do not change the turbine performance significantly.


Experiments with the plan have been conducted for the past two years in the first, second, and third grades. with satisfaction to teachers. parents. and pupils. As a substitute for report cards; the teachers will send semi-annual notes to the parents, in which each child will be idisens-eel privately and individually, JI is positive as well as his negative qualities will be mentioned. His standing in the schoolroom will he a secret between his teachers, his parents and himself. When circumstances require more frequent reports. consultations may be arranged between teachers and parents, Instead of grading qxaminatiou papers or daily quizzes with letters or percentages, the teachers have been instructed to mark errors clearly with positive and specific comments. teachers in more than half the states is $;.;0 a week. or less than General Johnson will allow a plumber's helper or a dishwasher to he hired for; that while Chicago teachers are owed $16,000,000 the federal government recently supplied Chicago with $tl,OOtl,OOO for cleaning out the Chicago River; and that teachers are doing their part under the Blne Eagle. but the Blue Eagle is not doing its part for teachers.


Humans at birth, and even before in utero, are prepared to acquire and learn speech and language from their environment [1]. Language acquisition and production is maximized by the early interactions with the environment and gives humans the opportunity to process sounds. Mainly, hearing is what helps these interactions possible. Auditory perception is closely related to interactions between human biological mechanisms and their environment from the time sound reaches the utero to until a single word is uttered. Language acquisition is also related to other domain developments; like motor and cognitive development, etc. since, when speech is not achieved, children tend to use gestures to express and fulfill their needs. Language acquisition is a combination of experiencedependent and independent mechanisms. Neural mechanisms and innate factors may be responsible for the interaction between the listening experience, the listening environment and the interpretation of environmental information. For some children, the normal development of language is disturbed by lack of acoustic feedback and essential auditory information, and from auditory deprivation. For some deaf children, the artificial stimulation of the auditory system provides them with an opportunity to acquire verbal skills. Hearing aids are small wearable electronic devices, which enable a person to hear sounds better and understand speech more clearly providing an overall improvement in communication ability. The Hearing Aid functions as follows: Sound is first taken in through a miniature microphone where the sound is converted into an electronic digital signal. Then, the signal is processed, amplified and modified according to the needs of the user and his hearing loss. Finally, a receiver, which is a miniature loudspeaker, sends the processed sound through the type of ear fitting/ear mould, which is appropriate for your hearing aid system. A CI is a neuroprosthetic device that is surgically implanted which provides a person with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss a sense of sound. The CI has two major parts, the internal part, which acts as the receiver, and an external part that acts as a speech processor. Abstract


We suggest a neurophysiological account of the short-term memory capacity limit based on a model of visual working memory (Raffone & Wolters, in press). Simulations have revealed a critical capacity limit of about four independent patterns. The model mechanisms may be applicable to working memory in general and they allow a reinterpretation of some of the issues discussed by Cowan.


The quantitative study of the factors on carbon emissions at the provincial level and analysis of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions are the key of completing the reducing carbon intensity indicators of "Twelfth Five-Year" and 2020.In this paper,making Jilin Province as the research area,we simulate the impact of the demographic,economic,technological and other factors on carbon emissions using the unbiased estimate of the ridge regression with STIRPAT stochastic model,verify the environmental Kuznets curve relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth,and analyze decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth by introducing decoupling index.The results show that:the economic growth is the relatively larger impact on carbon emissions,which is the main influencing factor of carbon emissions.Environmental Kuznets curve relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions does not appear through inspecting by STIRPAT model.The relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions is in a state of relative decoupling,which,from the other hand,also verify that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis does not currently exist between them.


With Handu Bridge in Leping as example,the main diseases existing in the bridge were introduced,and its generating reasons were analyzed.The merits and drawbacks of every reinforcing method,bridge reinforcing methods choosing principle were illustrated.Combined with structural calculation analysis before and after reinforcing,the reinforcing design points of two-way arch bridge were generalized,therefore made bridge disease could be effective treated.


This paper suggests the passenger model considered evacuation behavioral characteristics on the passenger ship fire using a rules-based agent technique. The existing evacuation simulation system was modeled only passenger speed. The speed-based model considered passenger's physical characteristics, so it couldn't consider evacuation behavioral characteristics. For solving this problem, we modeled the passenger model using a rule-based agent applied evacuation behavioral characteristics. The rule-based agent consists of knowledge base and inference engine. In knowledge base, we represented evacuation behavioral characteristics, and chose the examples of the evacuation behavioral characteristics to show various patterns of behavior. And we simulated in the IMO MSC/Cire.1238 example 8 and we proved the simulation results could represent variety patterns of human behavior.


Compositions of free-sugars and sugar-alcohols in three cultivated mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes and Agaricus bisporus were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and compositional differences of these components depending on species, sizes of fruiting body and portions(pileus and stipe) were investigated. Glucose, fructose, trehalose, glycerol, arabitol and mannitol were identified in each of the three mushrooms. The major components were mannitol and arabitol in Lentinus edodes, mannitol in Agaricus bisporus, trehalose and mannitol in Pleurotus ostreatus. The total free-sugars and sugar-alcohols content were in the range of 12.7-18.9% in Lentinus edodes, 9.2-16.1% in Agaricus bisporus and 8.2-10.6% in Pleurotus ostreatus. Total contents of these components in Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus were higher in pileus than those in stipe and it was decreased as pileus size development in all of three edible mushrooms.


This paper presents the results of measurements of fluorescing cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals after being irradiated by an accelerated electron beam with energy of around 4 MeV. The measurements were performed using the PHIL linear accelerator at LAL (France). We observe linear dependence of the crystal emission to the electron beam charge and the isotropy of the photon emission. We provide the calibration coefficients of the photon emission depending on the charge of the accelerated electron beam for two crystals originating from two different manufacturers.


A passive double star (PDS) network, which shares one optical fiber with multiple subscribers by using a power splitter, is being deployed as an infrastructure for the passive optical network (PON) systems. One of the main focuses for PON network planning is to determine the optical cable route of a point-to-multipoint network that connects every subscriber to the central offices (COs) through the power splitter(s) within a limited deployment cost under realistic restrictions, such as possible fiber paths, the splitting ratio of optical splitters and locations, when the locations of COs and subscribers are given. In this paper, we propose a novel suboptimal design algorithm for PON outside plant deployment. Under the realistic restrictions, the algorithm can automatically generate a suboptimal PON network that connects every subscriber to the COs in terms of total fiber length.


Let $F({\bf x})={\bf x}^tQ_m{\bf x}+\mathbf{b}^t{\bf x}+c\in\mathbb{Z}[{\bf x}]$ be a quadratic polynomial in $\ell (\ge 3 )$ variables ${\bf x} =(x_{1},...,x_{\ell})$, where $F({\bf x})$ is positive when ${\bf x}\in\mathbb{R}_{\ge 1}^{\ell}$, $Q_m\in {\rm M}_{\ell}(\mathbb{Z})$ is an $\ell\times\ell$ matrix and its discriminant $\det\left(Q_m^t+Q_m\right)\neq 0$. It gives explicit asymptotic formulas for the following sum \[ T_{k,F}(X)=\sum_{{\bf x}\in [1,X]^{\ell}\cap\mathbb{Z}^{\ell}}\tau_{k}\left(F({\bf x})\right) \] with the help of the circle method. Here $\tau_{k}(n)=\#\{(x_1,x_2,...,x_{k})\in\mathbb{N}^{k}: n=x_1x_2...x_{k}\}$ with $k\in\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 2}$ is the multidimensional divisor function.


The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of organizational and environmental work conditions on the job characteristics of nurses and on their health and well-being. The sample consisted of 807 registered nurses working in an academic hospital. The direct influence of work conditions on outcomes was examined. Mediation of job characteristics in the relationships between work conditions and outcomes was tested by means of regression analyses. The results indicated that job characteristics, such as demands and control, mediated the relationship between work conditions, such as work agreements and rewards, and outcomes. By managing organizational and environmental conditions of work, job characteristics can be altered, and these in their turn influence nurses' job satisfaction and distress.


Here we report a pressure-induced reemergence of superconductivity in recently discovered superconductor K2Mo3As3, which is the first experimental case observed in quasi-one-dimensional superconductors. We find that, after full suppression of the ambient-pressure superconducting (SC-I) state at 8.7 GPa, an intermediary non-superconducting state sets in and prevails to the pressure up to 18.2 GPa, however, above this pressure a new superconducting (SC-II) state appears unexpectedly. High pressure x-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that the pressure-induced dramatic change of the lattice parameter c contributes mainly to the emergence of the SC-II state. Combined with the theioretical calculations on band strcture, our results suggest that the reemergemce of superconductivity is associated with the change of the complicated interplay among different orbital electrons, driven by the pressure-induced unisotropic change of the lattice.


Proposes and defines a cephalic reference plane that joins the chiamatic notch to the posterior commissure, easily shown on a mid-sagittal cut using magnetic resonance. The horizontal cuts obtained prove to be very close to those oriented according to the lateral fissure, and orthogonal the great axis of the brainstem Definition en resonance magnetique d'un plan de reference cephalique alignant le point chiasmatique et la commissure posterieure, facilement determine sur une coupe sagittale mediane et permettant d'orienter les coupes horizontales selon une direction proche du sillon lateral, et de facon quasiment orthogonale a l'axe du tronc cerebral


Summary. — The charmonium spectroscopy in the last decades has been enriched of a new family of particle states that could not be assigned to the conventional charmonium behavior. The study of those states, commonly named XYZ states, is an important task of the BESIII (BEijing Spectrometer III) research activities. BESIII looks at the collision results of electron and positron and it can produce directly states with quantum number J PC = 1 −− and study their cross-section at different energies in order to understand the production mechanism of several final states. Moreover, the low hadronic background allows BESIII to measure precisely the transition of exotic states to conventional ones. Thanks to the large data set in the charmonium region, BESIII can determine the spin-parity of some of those states. In this paper, the current study of exotic XYZ states at BESIII will be presented. The masses and the widths are compatible with two values: Z (3900) and Z (4020). The quantum number 1 + has been measured in two decay modes. The Y states have been observed by BESIII, Belle and BaBar to decay in two pions and charmonium and the recent studies with two kaons and charmonium are not statistically significant. The results obtained in ππJ/ψ , ππψ (2 S ) and ππh c indicate the presence of two Y states between 4.0 and 4.4 GeV with a cross-section that changes with the charmonium state involved in the decay between 20 and 100 pb.


This project aims to strengthen the scriptural textual skills related to production of sophomores night work of Miguel Antonio Caro College; The study is based on previous observation where their weaknesses and skills were evident, then the application of diagnostic tests that determined exactly where impinged failures writing process, and from which were implemented and designed methodological strategies performed improving students' writing; one of them allowed interaction with the technological field, because it took into account the use of a virtual tool in the process of strengthening and consolidation with other activities undertaken.
Finally, the assessment of the methodological proposal was made, and succeeded in identifying progress in the written production, so research was used qualitative and quantitative, as well as analysis and interpretation of information.
The results obtained were satisfactory because during the first stage of development of research only 25% of students succeeded in writing a coherent text, while 75% at the end managed to improve written production. In conclusion the result envisioned that the strategies implemented were adequate to account for the proposed objectives.


Stratigraphic differentiations and reconstruction of sedimentation cycles (three, in all) show that development of gold placers occurs in early stages of every one of them and that the placer gold is dissipated in the constratal phase of the alluviation. V.P. Sokoloff.


Classical problems in hypergraph coloring theory are to estimate the minimum number of edges, m2prq (respectively, m2 prq), in a non-2-colorable r-uniform (respectively, r-uniform and simple) hypergraph. The best currently known bounds are c  ̈ a r{ log r  ̈ 2 ď m2prq ď C  ̈ r  ̈ 2 and c  ̈ r  ̈ 4 ď m2 prq ď C 1  ̈ r  ̈ 4, for any fixed ε ą 0 and some c, c1, C, C 1 ą 0 (where c1 may depend on ε). In this paper we consider the same problems in the context of DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring), which is a generalization of list coloring introduced by Dvořák and Postle and related to local conflict coloring studied independently by Fraigniaud, Heinrich, and Kosowski. Let r m2prq (respectively, r m2 prq) denote the minimum number of edges in a non-2-DP-colorable r-uniform (respectively, r-uniform and simple) hypergraph. By definition, r m2prq ď m2prq and r m2 prq ď m2 prq. While the proof of the bound m2 prq " Ωpr ́34rq due to Erdős and Lovász also works for r m2 prq, we show that the trivial lower bound r m2prq ě 2r ́1 is asymptotically tight, i.e., r m2prq ď p1` op1qq2r ́1. On the other hand, when r ě 2 is even, we prove that the lower bound r m2prq ě 2r ́1 is not sharp, i.e., r m2prq ě 2r ́1 ` 1. Whether this result holds for any odd values of r remains an open problem. Nevertheless, we conjecture that the difference r m2prq  ́ 2r ́1 can be arbitrarily large. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05D05, 05C15, 05C65, 05C35.


Hearing impairment is the third most common chronic disorder (after arthritis and visual impairment) in the elderly; more than half the population with bilateral hearing loss are older than 65 years, making presbyacusis the most common auditory disorder in the Unites States. This book, intended primarily for audiologists and hearing-aid dispensers, attempts to define the ever-increasing extent of the problem of hearing loss in the elderly and to suggest techniques and tactics for useful intervention. There are no startlingly new statements or concepts in this book. The accurate audiologic assessment of the elderly includes conventional audiometry, listening tasks such as speech in noise, and tests of central auditory function such as auditory memory. The degree of auditory impairment usually dictates the primary technique of aural rehabilitation. The mainstay of rehabilitation remains a well-fitted hearing aid with advice on its correct use, speech (lip) reading, and the psychological support of the


Already in the 19th century, d'Auria described a discharge measurement technique that applies floats to find the depth-integrated velocity (d'Auria, 1882). The basis of this technique was that the horizontal distance that the float travels on its way to the surface is the image of the integrated velocity profile over depth. Viol and Semenov (1964) improved this method by using air bubbles as floats, but still distances were measured manually until Sargent (1981) introduced a technique that could derive the distances from two photographs simultaneously taken from each side of the river bank. Recently, modern image processing techniques proved to further improve the applicability of the method (Hilgersom and Luxemburg, 2012). In the 2012 article, controlling and determining the rising velocity of an air bubble still appeared a major challenge for the application of this method. Ever since, laboratory experiments with different nozzle and tube sizes lead to advances in our self-made equipment enabling us to produce individual air bubbles with a more constant rising velocity. Also, we introduced an underwater camera to on-site determine the rising velocity, which is dependent on the water temperature and contamination, and therefore is site-specific. Camera measurements of the rising velocity proved successful in a laboratory and field setting, although some improvements to the setup are necessary to capture the air bubbles also at depths where little daylight penetrates.


Nowaday, the trend of smart and functional materials is wildly interested as new solutions for modern urban lifestyle. The material that can reversible change its color after inducing with sun light energy is also interesting topic. The light responsive transparent and high abrasive resistance aliphatic polyurethane was successfully prepared by the appropriate combination of rigid polymer, flexible polymers and aliphatic polyisocyanate. The sensitivity (speed of color changing), fatigue resistance and color strength (maximum absorbance) were monitored as evaluation criteria for light responsive efficiency and usable lifetime. The test specimens were prepared by coating the mixed solution on transparent polycarbonate substrate using spinning coat technique. At appropriate ratio between flexible and rigid polymers (0.1 – 0.3) resulted highly transparency film with can suddenly change its color under UV exposure. The fastest sensitivity is shorter than 5 sec. The color cans reversible immediately (shorter than 6 sec) after cut-off UV light source. The color strength and sensitivity of resulting mixed formulations were enhanced by synergistic combination between two species of photochromic color compounds. The light stabilizer additive specie was added in order to extent the usable life time (fatigue resistance) and weathering resistance property of final formulation. Keywords: Photo-responsive materials, light responsibe materials, color changeable dye, polyurethane


Complexation of various complementary polymers and the flocculating power of the resulting complexes were studied. Regression equations adequately describing the recovery of phenol by polymeric complex reagents are presented. Polymer complexes are the products of interaction of complementary polymers. They possess specific physical and mechanical properties that strongly dif- fer from those of the initial polymers. The operation stability of polymer complexes determines their wide use as ion exchangers, soil structuring materials, supporting compounds and membranes for medicine purposes, and high-performance flocculants. In this work, the interaction in binary systems of dissimilar polymers and the flocculating power of the resulting complexes was studied with the aim to develop high-performance macromolecular reagents for pretreatment of wastewater of complex composi- tion with toxic components, produced in base organic synthesis.


Ten compounds with potential chemopreventive activity were studied to determine their effects on microsomal mixed‐function oxidase and epoxide hydratase activity. In these studies, the highest nontoxic concentration of each compound was incubated with 1 mg rat liver microsomal protein and either [H3]benzo[a]pyrene 4,5‐oxide or [H3]benzo[a]pyrene 7,8‐dihydrodiol. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the metabolites was used to determine the ratio of metabolites to unmetabolized parent compound and then compared with control samples. Three of the ten compounds affected epoxide hydratase activity. Capsaicin inhibited; whereas, catechin and esculetin enhanced EH activity. Seven of the compounds tested inhibited microsomal mixed‐function oxidase activity. In order of potency, these seven compounds were tannic acid, d‐limonene, capsaicin, ellagic acid, propyl gallate, esculetin and catechin. Since the mutagenic and/or carcinogenic action of many chemicals is dependent upon the metabolic activity of microsomal mixed‐function oxidase and epoxide hydrase, the modulation of this activity by these chemicals provides further evidence in support of their potential chemopreventive properties.


Many robot dances are preprogrammed by choreographers for a particular piece of music so that the motions can be smoothly executed and synchronized to the music. We are interested in automating the task of robot dance choreography to allow robots to dance without detailed human planning. Robot dance movements are synchronized to the beats and reflect the emotion of any music. Our work is made up of two parts: (1) The first algorithm plans a sequence of dance movements that is driven by the beats and the emotions detected through the preprocessing of selected dance music. (2) We also contribute a real-time synchronizing algorithm to minimize the error between the execution of the motions and the plan. Our work builds on previous research to extract beats and emotions from music audio. We created a library of parameterized motion primitives, whereby each motion primitive is composed of a set of keyframes and durations and generate the sequence of dance movements from this library. We demonstrate the feasibility of our algorithms on the NAO humanoid robot to show that the robot is capable of using the mappings defined to autonomously dance to any music. Although we present our work using a humanoid robot, our algorithm is applicable to other robots.


Noble-metal-free CdS@NixCo1–xO photocatalyst was synthesized for the first time using a metal–organic framework (MOF) to serve as the template for efficient visible-light photocatalytic H2 producti...


We describe a patient with reversible ataxia, nystagmus, and slurred speech from artemisinin-induced toxic brainstem encephalopathy. Artemisinin is a widely used antimalarial drug and new studies are exploring its potential use for cancer treatment. Artemisinin toxicity has not been easily demonstrable in human trials; however, multiple animal studies clearly establish a selective brainstem neurotoxicity from artemisinin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of human artemisinin toxicity uncomplicated by malarial infection.


The present invention manufactures a wafer-like slices from the substrate material, and more particularly, to a method and system for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Step The method of preparing the steps of providing a slice cutting device comprising a cutting wire having abrasive particles on the surface, the water cooling and lubricating fluid has an ionic strength corresponding to the following conductivity of about 30 [mu] S / cm When the cutting wire is in contact, the cut groove of cutting the substrate material, the cooling and lubricating fluid becomes a result spent fluid to facilitate removal of the powder substrate material from the kerf region distribution comprising the steps of: said substrate material is cut into a plurality of slices in the cutting wire while, the spent fluid removed from the cutting device, and recovering the powder substrate material from the spent fluid. .The


Using 5-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole as an organic catalyst, the nitrocyclopropanation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one has been achieved, proceeding in high yield and with good enantioselective control.


Malcolm Lansley describes the remarkable technological advances in land seismic that have paved the way for improved ways to design surveys and record data. The result has been a number of paradigm shifts in our understanding of the optimum ways to acquire data.


This thesis is basically devoted to matroids -- fundamental structure of combinatorial optimization -- though some of our results concern simplicial complexes, or Euclidean spaces. We study old and new problems for these structures, with combinatorial, algebraic, and topological flavor.


Environmental pollution and climate change is the ultimate result of rapid urbanization. The change in environmental conditions due to undesirable human activities increases local ambient temperature hence it is leading to a rise in the river water temperature. Tapi river is the main source of drinking water for Surat city, Gujarat, India. A stretch of river Tapi has been studied from Kamrej to Causeway which has a stretch of about 22.39 km. The river water quality was found to be degraded due to the excessive discharge of pollutants from various points and non-point sources. Extreme discharge of pollutants into the river decreases the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. At the same time due to the increase in temperature, the process of transformation of atmospheric O2 gas into dissolved form also becomes very slow. In this study, the QUAL2Kw one - dimension water quality model was applied to assess the DO and BOD at various locations. The QUAL2Kw model was calibrated and validated with observed data. The calibrated model was applied to evaluate the effects of temperature on the DO and BOD of the Tapi river. The conditions of maximum, minimum, and average temperature for March, April, and May from the year 1991 to 2021 were considered. The result revealed that the full stretch of 22.39 km was not able to maintain minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, hence biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) has subsequently increased downstream of the river stretch. It was also observed that DO and BOD levels tremendously fluctuate ambient temperature.


Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors used as a RC snubber attenuate voltage overshoots which may occur during switching phases. These devices feature good temperature stability up to 200°C and can be integrated very close to power switches on the same transfer substrate. As the capacitors need to withstand high voltages in most applications, thick dielectric layers have to be used, causing significant amount of wafer bow during processing. A dielectric stress compensation structure on the back side of the wafers is therefore introduced and shown to reduce the resulting wafer bow by up to 50%. Planar MIS capacitors using a 1 μm thick dielectric layer stack achieve dielectric breakdown voltages of up to 1000 V along with capacitance densities of 5.4 nF/cm2. In comparison, devices with a dielectric layer thickness of 250 nm exhibit a capacitance density of 13.6 nF/cm2 and a resulting dielectric breakdown voltage of 250 V.


While the first group can be seen as the more ceremonial one and, thus, more obligatory in a way, the other contains more explanations that are not bound to particular customs. In my opinion beliefs connected with certain activities are inclined to be preserved due to their complexity and dynamic character, while at the same time they are constantly under threat of being levelled down and modernised in accordance with changes in human interpretation. On the other hand, the beliefs that enjoy a certain degree of "freedom" can be more fragmented, but they are more likely to contain more archaic traits. Penetrating into the people's ideas about what will happen after death, how this world and the one after death are connected to each other, or what is their notion about the other world in general, helps us gain information about everyday beliefs.


Abstract The basic equations of damped polaritons in orthorhombic crystals and those of higher symmetry are set up. From these basic equations a general dispersion equation for the complex frequencies (real frequency and damping factor) is derived. Essential differences of the dispersion curves are demonstrated for the case of purely temporally damped polaritons (ω complex, k real) and of purely spatially damped polaritons (ω real, k com-plex). A detailed discussion and numerical evaluations are given for ZnF2 as an example.


In the current wave of service globalisation, a new dynamic explaining international trade in services emerges. Some services are following similar trends to the ones initiated by manufacturing industries some decades ago. In this context, costs factors, the ones leading the major part of the current global sourcing in services, could gain importance in global services competition. Services could behave more similarly to goods and the Kaldor paradox may potentially be less remarkable that some years ago, in a context where the achievement of the EMU perform in the opposite way. As a particular empirical case study, empirical analysis of trade market shares in relation to effective real exchange rate is carried out for the Spanish case. Results shows that the Kaldor paradox continues having a strong importance in Spanish trade, although not all the service sectors have the same price/costs sensibility. Recent trends also present uneven results depending on the service sector, but in general there are not signs of decreasing the role of non-price/cost factors in international trade (in particular business services), although many services continue to be slightly more sensitive to relative prices than other industries.


MY ARTICLE, "Literature and Relevance: Diary of a Spanish Novel Course" (MLJ, 1972), presents a day by day record of what actually took place in one of my classes in an attempt to illustrate how literature may be made alive and relevant to the contemporary student. The article suggests that the teacher begin the study of literature with the students themselves and not with the life of the author, nor with the sociological, historical, or psychological background of the work itself. In short, the teacher of literature must motivate the stu-


Synopsis : Although Zn base alloy coated steel sheets show good corrosion resistance, their use in the exposed side of auto-bodies is not expected because of their poor phosphatability and paintability compared with those of uncoated cold rolled steel sheets. To modify these properties, an Fe-P alloy layer (2•`6 g/m2) is electroplated on Zn base alloy coated steel and double layer alloy coated steel has been developed. The addition of P into the upper Fe layer contributes to the formation of finely packed phosphate crystals in both spray and dip type phosphate treatments. The upper Fe-P layer also helps to suppress the formation of crater form paint defects during the cathodic electrodeposition. Moreover, the Fe-P alloy upper layer reduces blisters at cross cut portions of painted specimens during corrosion tests. When the upper layer coating weight is below 6 g/m2, the corrosion behavior, such as red rust formation and thickness reduction, of the double layer alloy coated steels is similar to that of the single layer Zn alloy coated steels.


The humanitarian organization, Medecins Sans Frontieres ("Doctors Without Borders") delivers emergency aid to victims of armed conflict, epidemics, natural disasters, and those who lack reliable health care. Each year, more than 2,500 volunteer doctors, nurses, and other professionals join locally-hired staff to provide medical aid in more than eighty countries and in particular Biafra, Angola, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, and Indian Ocean Tsunami. This book follows these volunteer doctors as they risk their health and lives to treat patients in desperate need. Combining engaging text with dramatic colour photographs from around the world, "Hope in Hell" examines the lives of individual Medecins Sans Frontieres volunteer medical professionals. This is a fascinating and often harrowing account of the men and women who struggle to improve the lives of people in desperate need. The new material in the updated text includes their efforts after the Asian Tsunami, further developments in Afghanistan, and the Sudan and the controversial lawsuit by the Dutch government to recover the Arjan Erkel ransom payment.


THE PURPOSE OF THIS INVENCIONES PROCEDURE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING TO OBTAIN manganese superoxide dismutase HUMANA (HMN-SOD), sequences of DNA that code this enzyme, vectors containing these DNA sequences and host cells THAT MAY AS WELL AS THE ENZYME express itself. We also report proposal for the use of this enzyme.


Lithiated nickel-cobalt-manganese oxides, such as NCM523, are used in the positive electrode (cathode) of Li-ion cells. Using operando X-ray diffraction profilometry, lithiation gradients in the cathode matrix can be observed and quantified by expansion into Legendre polynomials with time-dependent weights. These weights (referred to as gradients) increase in magnitude when electric current flows through the cell, decrease during potentiostatic hold and finally relax to zero when the current is interrupted during open circuit rest. Both physics-based electrochemical models and operando X-ray experiments suggest that the time constants for gradient growth and abatement are primarily determined by ionic diffusion in the oxide particles, which in turn depends on their lithium content. In contrast, the magnitude of gradients depends mainly on the applied current. The X-ray profilometry provides a way of directly probing the formation and disappearance of Li gradients across the cathode during fast cycling, which can help to diagnose the effects of material degradation in the cells.


The purpose of this study is To determine the influence of leadership, motivation and discipline on employee performance in Public Broadcasting RRI Surakarta. This study uses the population is all employees of the Public Broadcasting Institute RRI with the number of 207 employees. The research sample will be taken 30% from the total population (30% x 207) so that the sample of researchers as many as 66 people. This study uses multiple linear regression data analysis tools. The result of research proves the result of F test analysis known that the variable of leadership, motivation and discipline have influence together and significant to performance. The result of t test analysis is known that leadership variable has significant influence to performance. Motivation variable has a significant influence on performance. The discipline variable has a significant influence on performance. Keywords: Leadership, Motivation, Discipline, Performance


The performance of 3 drought-tolerant groundnut cultivars (ICGS 11, ICGS 76 and ICGV 86590) and TMV 2 as control was evaluated under rainfed conditions in on-farm participatory trials conducted in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India, during the rainy season of 2002. The pod yields of the improved cultivars (1.8-2.4 t/ha) were higher by 40-85% than the pod yield of TMV 2 (1.3 t/ha). Among the improved cultivars, ICGS 76 had the highest pod yield (2.4 t/ha), harvest index (0.46), 100-seed weight (39.2 g) and number of developed pods per plant (18.8). This cultivar was the most preferred by farmers based on drought tolerance and high yield potential, followed by ICGS 11.


This paper seeks to determine whether there is a received view within the UK venture capital industry on investment risk and how it can be handled. This is explored in the context of backing high-technology ventures. The methodology involves eliciting attitude to risk by direct interview with leading investors. The findings suggest industry consensus on high- and low-risk investments and the key commercial factors affecting risk. However, when non-commercial factors are investigated industry consensus breaks down.


Good service level of pavement can be realized through preventive maintenance for expressway,thus having significant social benefit.Contrast analysis on preventive and corrective maintenance scheme can be made by applying life-cycle cost analysis methods,and the results show that preventive maintenance can save a large amount of maintenance funds.


Background: A steady rise in incidence of oral cavity cancer cases among young males have given rise to a new risk factor, namely human papillomavirus (HPV). Objective: This study aims 1) to determine prevalence and association of HPV among oral cavity cancer patients and healthy local population. 2) to identify the association of HPV and other risk factors. Methods: This case-control study consists of a test group (oral cavity cancer patients) and a control group (healthy individuals) from July 2013 till June 2014 involving patients from 3 different institutions. HPV status was tested via salivary rinse samples collection and processed using Diacarta Quantivirus® HPV E6/E7 RNA assay. Results: This study involves 58 subjects (29 test subjects, 29 control subjects). HPV prevalence was found to be 55.1% among test subjects and 3.4% among control subjects. This was found to be significant (p=0.001) with odds ratio of 33.90 (95% CI 3.88, 295.99). Among the risk factors, smoking habit was seen in 51.2% of test subjects and 13.8% of control subjects. This association was found to be significant (p=0.041) with odds ratio of 4.36 (95% CI 1.06, 17.86). Alcohol consumption and betel nut chewing were found to be insignificant in this study. Conclusion: HPV prevalence among oral cavity patients was found to be high and this demonstrates HPV infection is now an established risk factor in this country. Smoking habit was also found to be a significant risk factor among these patients and did not interact or confound the factor of HPV infection.


In this investigation, an improved Fourier series method (IFSM) is employed to predict the static and dynamic characteristics of annular sector plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. Regardless of boundary supports, the displacement function is invariantly expressed as a modified two-dimensional Fourier series containing sine and cosine function. It is capable of dealing with the possible discontinuities at elastic boundary edges. The unknown Fourier coefficients are treated as generalized coordinates, and determined using Rayleigh-Ritz method. Unlike most of the existing solution techniques, the current approach can be universally applied to a variety of edge restraints including all classical cases and their combinations. The accuracy and reliability of the current method are fully illustrated through all the numerical examples.


This study attempts to analyse the causal links between the social participation (social capital) and health of elderly people in Europe. It is based on the three rounds of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) among individuals aged 50 and over in 11 countries. In each of the first two rounds (2004 and 2006), one dichotomous variable identifies participation in social activities (associations, clubs, political parties, etc.) and seven dichotomous variables provide information about the physical and mental health of the respondents. A recursive bivariate probit model is used to estimate the impact of social participation in 2004 on health in 2006, and, reciprocally, of health in 2004 on social participation in 2006. As well as the usual control variables, the retrospective data from the third round of the survey of life histories (SHARELIFE) inform about the initial conditions of the sample. The results suggest a reciprocal causal effect: social participation benefits health and vice versa. However, health seems to have a bigger impact on social participation than the reverse. Consequently, elderly individuals in good health are more likely to preserve their health through the beneficial effect of social capital, whereas those in worse health are less likely to participate in social activities and, without their beneficial effect, are more likely to experience a faster deterioration in their health. In conclusion, despite its beneficial individual effects, social participation is a potential vector for aggravating health inequality among elderly people.


Daniel Berzosa analyses the historic political moment of Europe in the bourgeois revolutions, in its fight for constitutional democracy. More precisely, he focuses ondoctrinal contributions of members of the physiocratic school (first school of economics in the strict sense) for the conceptual construction of the liberal principle of limitation of power,˚ from the recognition of the existence of human individual rights. These rights cannot be erode by political powerin any way or any moment (either at the moment when political treatment provides a Constitution as main rule in Society,


At present, Russia is undergoing a transformation of approaches to the evaluation of both scientific activity in general and scientific journals. Over the past year, there have been significant changes in the role and importance of Russian journals in promoting national scientific knowledge, and, consequently, in approaches to their evaluation: the classification of journals included in the list of peer-reviewed scientific journals in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of candidate of science, for the degree of doctor of science have to be published, (hereinafter referred to as the Higher Attestation Commission – HAC list), the development of an information resource – the "White List". What approaches to the evaluation of scientific activity exist now in Russia and in the world? Is it necessary to seriously change something in the approaches to the evaluation of scientific activity that are being formed today, or is it sufficient just to change the sources of information, leaving the previously used principles as the basis? Can journals affiliated with private universities now be an effective tool for promoting scientific results? Within the study it was analyzed how different modern systems for evaluating scientific activity, the basis of which are journals – Science Index, the list of the Higher Attestation Commission, the "whitelist" of scientific journals – correlate with each other. Also scientific journals including those affiliated with private universities, were evaluated by comparing different groups of journals (journals with the calculated Science Index; journals of the first, second, third categories of the HAC list, Russian journals included in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and Russian Science Citation Index, etc.) based on scientometric indicators. An insignificant interconnection between the considered systems for evaluating scientific activity currently functioning in Russia, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the indicated groups of journals, including those affiliated with private universities, their position in these systems for evaluating scientific publications, is revealed.


It is hypothesized that creativity arises from the self-mending capacity of an internal model of the world, or worldview. The uniquely honed worldview of a creative individual results in a distinctive style that is recognizable within and across domains. It is further hypothesized that creativity is domaingeneral in the sense that there exist multiple avenues by which the distinctiveness of one's worldview can be expressed. These hypotheses were tested using art students and creative writing students. Art students guessed significantly above chance both which painting was done by which of five famous artists, and which artwork was done by which of their peers. Similarly, creative writing students guessed significantly above chance both which passage was written by which of five famous writers, and which passage was written by which of their peers. These findings support the hypothesis that creative style is recognizable. Moreover, creative writing students guessed significantly above chance which of their peers produced particular works of art, supporting the hypothesis that creative style is recognizable not just within but across domains.


In the context of competitive electricity market, transmission losses, which represent an important component of transmission costs, must be allocated to transmission users equally and rationally. The allocation methods can be broadly classified into three categories, i.e., postage-stamp methods, marginal cost based methods and cost based methods. Cost based allocation methods are more reasonable than postage-stamp methods and are less complicated than marginal cost based methods. In this paper, the cost based allocation methods are systematically summarized, compared and tested with IEEE 30-bus system. The analysis indicates that some losses allocation methods actually lead to the same outcome


In December 1990, after decades of dictatorship, the Haitian people overwhelmingly elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide as President. Every aspect of the election was monitored by international organizations and confirmed as "free and fair." Within months, the army, an ill-trained force of some five thousand men, seized power, expelled Aristide, and brutally suppressed popular protest. The Organization of American States and the United Nations Security Council condemned the coup and its aftermath and ordered economic sanctions to dislodge the military. The sanctions failed. On July 31, 1994, the Security Council, acknowledging the gravity of the situation and recognizing that an "exceptional response" was required, passed Resolution 940, authorizing military action. The legality and wisdom of Resolution 940 has been criticized on the following grounds.


Comparing with the traditional methods of food sterilizing, such as infrared rays and Pasteur, microwave sterilization have the advantages of lower power, higher speed and direct acting. The researches before were almost on the solid or semisolid food, and less on the liquid food just like milk. Testing equipment was designed for liquid food sterilizing under the microwave field. On the equipment, water was used as testing material, and gained the function between parameters such as temperature and flowing quality by varying the micro wave power. The range of micro wave power acting on the testing material under the given flowing quality was also obtained roughly. The conclusion of the paper provided some good reference for the developing of microwave sterilizing equipments.


The objectives of this study were to produce carbon from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw by pyrolysis technique as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal and to determine the optimum condition with respect to contact time, pH of solution, adsorbent doses, particle sizes of adsorbent, initial metal concentration and temperature. Also adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic behavior of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) removal by each adsorbent will be determined. Sugarcane bagasse and rice straw are inexpensive and locally available agricultural waste. The raw materials were pyrolized at different temperatures ranging from 300 – 700 oC for 30 minutes with the average heating rate of 30 oC/minute. The adsorbents were characterized for the yield, density, pH, ash content, moisture content, surface area and porosity by using BET surface area and porosity analyzer, functional groups by using Fourier Transform Infrared, surface morphology by using Scanning Electron Microscope and element and chemical composition by using Energy Dispersive X-ray. Adsorptions were found to be effected by pyrolyzing temperature and surface area. The adsorbents that produced at 700 oC have been chosen for this adsorption study because it produced the highest percentage of removal.The maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) on RSC and SBC as 85.65% and 21.79 %, respectively and Cr(VI) on RSC and SBC as 61.81 % and 76.10 %, respectively. The operation parameters included contact time (15 – 210 minutes), pH of solution (1.0 – 10.0), temperature (25, 30, 45 and 55 oC), particle sizes of adsorbents (1.18 mm, 600 μm, 300 μm and 150 μm), adsorbents doses (0.04, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.6 and 1.0 g) and initial concentrations of adsorbates (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L). The experimental tests were conducted in batch process. The contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature, particle size of adsorbent and initial concentration of the metal ions solutions affect the adsorption efficiency but most importantly depended on the pH of solution. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich equation. The applicability of adsorption was described by using the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that Langmuir isotherm model fit well the data for nickel(II) and chromium(VI). The measured high linearity of correlation coefficient, R2 and the values dimensionless separation factor, RL indicated a favorable adsorption of both Ni(II) and Cr(VI) onto RSC and SBC, respectively. While, the adsorption kinetics, pseudo-first order model, pseudo second order model and intraxxi © T his it m is p rot ect ed by r igi na l c op yri gh t particle diffusion model were analyzed on the experimental kinetics data. It was found that the pseudo second order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetic of both adsorbent well. The performance of both adsorbent in the removal of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) were also compared. It was found that the adsorption capacity of rice straw carbon on nickel(II) was high may be due to the present of surface oxygen groups, surface charge, high silica content and the properties of nickel. While, the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse carbon on chromium(VI) was high was caused by the high surface area of the adsorbent, surface charge and the properties of chromium.. xxii © T his ite m is p rot ect ed by or igi na l c op yri gh t CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Agricultural waste Principal sources of agricultural waste are mainly farming activities or agro-industry, such as crops harvesting, abattoirs and tanneries. Waste includes organic sludge effluents, used pesticides and fertilizers, chemical containers and crop residues. Waste is often defined as something unwanted and has no economic value. However, increasingly waste generation may provide a source with certain economic values for another usage. Whereas new products can be generated from various kinds of crop residues with appropriate technology, for examples generation of energy from palm oil waste, production of compost or fertilizer from rice hull and converting rice husk to carbon and etc. Furthermore, waste if not handled properly will effect to human health and the environment (IMPAK, 2006). Agricultural waste which is available and inexpensive in some places may be a better option for adsorbent production. A few adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are agricultural waste such as coconut shell and coirpith. These adsorbents are efficient and can be effectively used for inorganic effluent treatment containing metal ions (Babel and Kurniawan, 2004). Recently, various low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste, industrial by-products or natural materials, had been investigated intensively for heavy metal removal from contaminated wastewater (Kurniawan et al.,


In Chapter 1 to Section 2.3, pertinent probabilistic concepts, as well as notions of Markov property, are briefly discussed. Section 2.4 is an account of the theory of boundary value problems for elliptic systems of linear partial differential operators of arbitrary orders. Particular attention is paid to the solution of the Dirichlet problem for such a system because it intervenes in the analysis of Chapter 4. In Chapter 3, a spectral representation (THEOREM (3.2.13)) is provided for an arbitrary Euclidean covariant (see (3.2.11)) multicom ponent generalized stochastic field. This result, obtained group-theoretically, is then applied to the special case of a three component generalized stochastic field (see (3.2.25)), also needed in Chapter 4. In Section 4.1, Wong's notion of Markov property is formulated. The rest of Chapter 4 is then concerned with the complete characterization of the class of all three dimensional Euclidean covariant Gaussian generalized stochastic fields which are Markov in the sense of Wong. It is also shown here that some of the latter are not also Markov in the sense of Nelson. Readers familiar with the work of Wong [94] will readily recognize the various results of Chapter 4 as extensions of those of Wong. In Chapter 5, Wong's notion of Markov property is given abstract formulation (THEOREM (5.2)). Then it is demonstrated that, like Nelson's notion of Markov property, Wong's notion of Markov property is implied by the so-called pre-Markov property. In Chapter 6, ways of extending the investigations of Chapter 4 to arbitrary multicomponent Euclidean covariant Gaussian generalized stochastic fields are indicated. It is then observed that the required extensions present no new problems or difficulties. Finally, Wong's notion of Markov property is formulated much more generally and sufficient conditions (THEOREM (6.2.1)) for Markovicity in this extended formulation are furnished. These indicate that quite a large class of mathematically and physically interesting multicomponent Gaussian generalized stochastic fields are Markov in the sense of Wong. CONTENTS TITLE DEDICATION PREFACE ABSTRACT CONTENTS CHAPTER O CHAPTER 1


The paper analyzes the problems of higher vocational education innovation, based on the status and characteristics of the school education, and then expounds the reasons why the current high level education affects the teaching quality from the orientation of the professional training goal, and the curriculum system and the teaching methods, and the laboratory conditions, teachers' ability and structure, and teaching content and materials in the building. Finally, it proposes basic ideas of the reform and methods.


The use of multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations in the determination of one's Position Velocity and Time (PVT) brings several advantages such as faster startup times and convergence times, higher accuracies, and improved Dilution of Precision (DOP) values. These advantages are especially noticeable for applications where the view of the sky is partially obscured. This work focuses on combining the two fully operational GNSS constellations, the United States GPS and the Russian GLONASS in single receiver scenarios suitable for real-time applications, presenting and solving its main interoperability issues and their different implementations and finally the performance of both systems and the combined system are evaluated using both Standard Point Positioning (SPP) approach and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach. Keywords—GPS, GLONASS, PVT, SPP, PPP.


Bacteria in the genus Wolbachia are intracellular symbionts widespread in several arthropod species that majorly cause reproductive alterations in their hosts, but may also display a variety of other beneficial or negative interactions. In this study, an antibiotictreated Wolbachia-free line of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera Drosophilidae) was created in the laboratory for mating with the naturally Wolbachia-infected flies. Crossing experiments on two consecutive fly generations between antibiotic-treated and untreated individuals were carried out to evaluate the effect of Wolbachia on D. suzukii. The results obtained showed no difference in the vitality of parental individuals; nevertheless a reduction of 30-50% in emerging progeny abundance was recorded in all crosses when females were cured of Wolbachia. These results suggest a mutualistic association between Wolbachia and D. suzukii, resulting in increased female fecundity. Further research on this symbiotic interaction could have promising implications for developing symbiotic strategies for the containment of D. suzukii.


a translation of a book first published in italian in 2007, Allies yet Rivals is a work of international relations theory that focuses on the eighteenth century. cesa, professor of international relations at the Bologna center, Paul h. Nitze school of advanced international studies, Johns hopkins University, and at the University of Bologna, argues that alliances represent a way to control other powers as well as a way to obtain their cooperation. this is not an original argument, and edward ingram has applied it trenchantly in the twentieth century, for example, to the anglo-american relationship during the second World War. Nevertheless, this is an argument that can be profitably applied to the eighteenth century.


Increased population density and private vehicle usage have led to traffic problems in the metropolitan city of Istanbul. At this point, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality is trying to improve the urban transportation with the presented projects. The aim of this paper is to encourage public transportation. For this particular purpose, projects are being offered in this field. For example, rail system investment is one of the important projects, including many transportation projects. Since the rail system investments require large amount of budget, it is not practical among all planned projects. Therefore, the projects should be selected by prioritizing. In this study, the project evaluation criteria were determined, and in this respect, the rail system projects were prioritized by using the fuzzy analytical network process (ANP) which is one of the multi-criteria decisionmaking methods and offers good solutions in difficult decision-making processes.


Amazon River and its large tributaries are accompanied along their middle and lower courses by large floodplain lakes which cover an area of about 300 000-500 000 km. Water and matter are constantly exchanged between river channels and floodplain lakes. The flux at which organic matter is transferred to and from lakes such as the nature and composition of organic matter exchanged between the two systems, and the residence time of floodplain storage, are few known and have a special importance for the carbon cycle in Amazon basin. The nature, composition, sources and exchange of particulate organic matter have been studied in an Amazonian riverfloodplain system during different water periods along five years. The floodplain selected for this study was the "Varzea do Lago Grande de Curuai" a typical floodplain of the lower Amazon River region.


The invention relates to a method and equipment for purifying and recovering evaporated vapor obtained by drying coal, which combines three processes of cooling to eliminate humidity, flash evaporation and steam stripping, and vacuum condensation. The method comprises the steps of: receiving high-humidity tail gas preliminarily cooled by a cooling tube and condensate water (5-60 DEG C) pumped by a condensate water pump by using a condensing tower for reverse contact of vapor and liquid, and cooling to eliminate humidity; carrying out vacuum flash evaporation on condensate water (40-100 DEG C) pumped by a flash evaporation pump by using a flash evaporation drum and a defogging washer, dehumidifying the vapor (5-60 DEG C) generated from flash evaporation of the flash evaporation drum in the defogging washer, and then condensating the vapor in an air cooler; and condensating the defogged and washed water of 5-60 DEG C by using the air cooler and a water ring vacuum pump, delivering the recovered condensate water into a recovering water tank, and discharging the vapor which is not condensed. In the invention, no additional supplement of condensate water is required, the condensate water is generated by flash evaporation and steam stripping, the energy required by the system is from the system or the environment, and the energy consumption is reduced.


An international team of highly respected scholars has come together to produce a popular account of the politics of contemporary Inuit whaling. This book presents a well-argued case in support of the desire to revive and revitalize traditional whaling practices among the Inuit from Siberia to Greenland. It also serves as a readable introduction to the Inuit culture of whaling for non-specialists and would be especially useful for introductory or second year level classes in anthropology, ecology, and international politics.The opening two chapters look at the importance of Inuit whaling today and the historical practice of whaling among the Inuit from the ethnographic literature. The real strength of these chapters comes from the extensive quotations by Inuit of how they perceive and understand whaling in the context of their own culture. I was personally most interested in the extensive data from the Siberian Inuit. With the collapse of the Soviet regime, they face many difficulties both in terms of finding adequate food for their communities and of dealing with the confusing regulatory and infrastructural arrangements that have appeared with perestroika. At the same time, while the text is particularly good at outlining the nutritional and economic importance of whaling, I was disappointed in the sections on cultural and spiritual significance. While the text cites the work of Lowenstein (1993) and Bodenhorn (1990), it fails to draw on the exciting insights both of these authors have provided on Alaskan whaling.With the contemporary and historical ethnographic data well- established, the heart of the argument appears in Chapter 3, "Human Rights and the International Whaling Commission." The tone for the remainder of the book shifts from anthropological reporting to advocacy. The authors argue that with the addition of non- whaling members to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the increasing stridency of environmental and animal rights groups, the IWC no longer fulfils its mandate to conserve the whaling stock for the development of the whaling industry. Rather the IWC has become an administrative obstacle in the path of those peoples and nations that wish to continue whaling. As such, the IWC not only fails to fulfil its mandate with respect to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, but may also be violating the United Nations Charter of Human Rights. The case is supported by a review of the complex relations between the various multinational organizations that regulate whaling, and by particular case studies of the decision-making process at recent IWC conventions.If one is to support the Inuit desire to revitalize the whaling component of their culture, then one must be prepared to argue that the Inuit are competent to manage this potentially scarce and endangered resource (although this book does present evidence that questions the extent to which whaling resources really are endangered). This is precisely what the fourth chapter of the book analyzes. …


The most promising ground-based technique for determining the mass of a minor planet is the observation of the perturbations it induces in the motion of another minor planet. This method requires careful observation of both minor planets over extended periods of time. The mass of (1) Ceres has been determined from the perturbations on (348) May, which made three close approaches to Ceres at intervals of 46 years between 1891 and 1984. The motion of May is clearly influenced by Ceres, and by using different test masses for Ceres, a search was made to determine the mass of Ceres that minimizes the residuals in the observations of May.


Precise meanings of thermophysical processes taking place in air gaps have decisive importance in composite cladding structure systems' calculation and modeling. The climatic load conditions in Kazakhstan can significantly affect the microclimate of premises in general. In this work, a review study is carried out to obtain the relevant scientific literature on enclosing structures with air gaps under various climatic conditions. The review mainly covers research institutes from Sweden, Norway, France, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and China. On the issue of the air gap parameter's influence on thermophysical processes, 16 papers were analyzed, and on the issue of air infiltration, 12 papers were analyzed. However, the review shows a lack of research in this area under various climatic conditions. At the same time, experience has shown that the principle of multilayer protection from climatic influences creates a favorable microclimate in buildings, but due to a possible temperature drop, wall structures made of composite building materials can be quite favorable under some conditions, and under others they may be less favorable. Therefore, working out a new energy-saving design with air gaps for climatic conditions with large temperature fluctuations during summer and winter is an urgent task.


The next-generation satellite Internet Protocol (IP) router is required to achieve tens of millions of route lookups per second, since satellite Internet services based on low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations have become a reality. Due to the limitation of hardware resources on satellites and the high reliability requirements for equipment, a new satellite IP route lookup architecture is proposed in this paper. The proposed architecture uses a Bloom and cuckoo filter-based structure called cuckoo Bloom hybrid filter (CBHF), which guarantees only one off-chip memory access per lookup, to accelerate the Prefix-Route Trie (PR-Trie) algorithm. The proposed architecture has been evaluated through both a behavioral simulation in C++ language and a hardware implementation in Verilog hardware description language (HDL). Our simulation and implementation results show that the proposed satellite IP route lookup architecture can achieve a single-port throughput beyond 13 Gbps on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) board with a single DDR3 memory chip when operating at 200 MHz. In addition, the resource utilization in the FPGA shows that the proposed architecture also supports triple modular redundancy (TMR) to enhance reliability.


The effects of die dimensions on curvature-extrusion curved rectangular bars were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. We conducted simulations and experiments of rectangular bar production using various die dimensions. The calculated trend of curvature showed good agreement with the experiment results, thereby validating the numerical simulation results. The curvature increases concomitantly with increasing exit height and exit width. The exit height ratio affects the curvature about 2.1 times more than the exit width ratio does. The effect of die thickness on curvature is slight. Regarding the conditions of die dimensions, the exit height is the most important factor that affects the curvature. The curvature increases when the difference in exit velocity becomes large. The generation of a dead metal area, along with container configurations, affects the curved rectangular bar curvature. Results show that the curvature is determined by the difference in exit velocity, in conjunction with the die dimensions. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.P-M2015805]


Amid crises of trust in government, the legitimacy of public organizations has never been more important. In this context, access to performance information ensures democratic control and thus legitimacy. However, performance evaluation is hindered by transaction costs in accessing and cognitive biases in interpreting performance. We examine two antecedents of citizen evaluations of performance: sector and bureaucratic reputation. Utilizing two experiments on a representative sample of Indian citizens, we situate our paper amid the increasing privatization of public services, and reputation management strategies used to influence performance evaluations. We discuss our findings and their implications for public management theory and practice.


Some works have been done in the past ten years on the application of carbon nanotube thin films and carbon materials, this include; Ne plasma light tube with carbon field emitter (CFE) as carbon electron source; sealing-off whole glass flat panel vacuum fluorescent light tube with CFE and Si-FEA emitter; sealing-off whole glass 10times10 flat panel camera tube (FPC) and 10times10 flat panel display tube (FPD) with addressed CNT emitter; CNT/stainless steel sample microwave absorber; sealing-off fully flat panel character display tube (FCT)


From the perspective of public satisfaction,the government portal website evaluation index system is constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process from the government image,the expected quality,perceived quality,perceived value,perceived ease of use,public satisfaction and public trust.Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,through the questionnaire survey,the Fuzhou municipal government portal website is evaluated.Research results show that the public satisfaction of Fuzhou municipal government portal website is higher,but there are still some problems.For the existing problems,some advices are put forward to strengthen the website propaganda,public service and other construction proposals in this paper.


We present a new three-node Timoshenko curved-beam finite element for in-plane actions constructed on expanded linked interpolation for a straight beam. Only the displacements and the rotation of the cross-section are interpolated and the element is formulated in a pure displacement-based fashion. At first the displacement fields are enriched in polynomial order to the quartic form associated to two pairs of internal bubble parameters. Then the shear strain constraints are enforced on the displacement interpolations and this parameters are expressed in terms of the rotation degrees of freedom resulting in a new linked interpolation for a curved beam element. At the same time the geometry is approximated using Lagrangean interpolation, so that the element-stiffness assembly is very simple and can easily be implemented in a computer code. The beam kinematics is defined using the global displacement variables in contrast to the commonly used displacement unknowns in the local coordinates, thus avoiding the coordinate transformation for the nodal degrees of freedom. Polynomial geometry of the element can easily be adapted to a straight beam configuration as well as to any other curved beam form and naturally shows no numerical sensitivities for the extremely shallow arches. The element is tested on a set of benchmark problems and shows no shear or membrane locking.


The Joint Outcome Study (JOS) demonstrated that previously untreated children with severe haemophilia A treated with prophylactic factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate had superior joint outcomes at age 6 years compared to those children treated episodically for bleeding. However, variation in joint outcome within each treatment arm was not well explained.


A number of developmental studies have reported that the mental test scores of children under two years have little or no relationship to parental ability as measured by the number of years of schooling, ratings of intelligence, or test scores (I, 2, 6). When these same children are retested at later ages, their mental test scores are found to be significantly correlated with parental ability. A crucial question is the extent to which these age changes in relationship are due to environmental factors, or to intrinsic differences in the patterns of mental growth. One way in which this increasing resemblance can be evaluated is by comparing the age changes in the correlations which occur among children reared by their own parents in contrast to those reared apart from their parents.


Modified toxin and a method for selecting and identifying its conjugates are provided. The method selects a toxin exhibiting reduced toxicity to the host cell in which it is expressed. Toxins, for example, a method of increasing the production of modified toxin or conjugates thereof is also provided. In particular, in the method, toxin or conjugate is produced in the presence of the inhibitor molecule. Modified toxin and its complexes are also provided. Such complexes may be utilized proliferation of cells involved in immune or inflammatory response, migration, and in the treatment of various diseases or disorders associated with physiological activity.