The agricultural and food infrastructure of the United States is potentially susceptible to terrorist attack using biological pathogens. In addition to the impacts of such an attack on the economy, some animal diseases could potentially be transmitted to humans. (These diseases are known as zoonotic diseases.) Scientific and medical research on plant and animal diseases may lead to the discovery and development of new diagnostics and countermeasures, reducing the risk and impact of a successful terrorist attack. To safeguard the United States against animal disease, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) engages in foreign animal disease research at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC). With the formation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003, the PIADC facility was transferred from USDA to DHS, though USDA continues its research program at the facility. The DHS has identified the PIADC facility as too old and limited to continue to be the primary facility performing this research. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 tasks the Secretaries of Agriculture and Homeland Security to develop a plan to provide safe, secure, and state-of-the-art agriculture biocontainment laboratories for research and development of diagnostic capabilities and medical countermeasures for foreign animal and zoonotic diseases. To meet these obligations, DHS has announced plans to construct a new facility, the National Bio-and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF). This facility would house high-containment laboratories able to handle the pathogens currently under investigation at PIADC, as well as other pathogens of interest. The DHS plans to select the site in 2008 and commission the new laboratories in 2014. The final construction costs would depend on the site location and actual construction time lines, but are projected to exceed $460 million. The plans announced by DHS to establish the NBAF have raised several issues that may interest Congress. Community concerns about safety and security, previously raised about PIADC and other laboratories being built to study dangerous pathogens, may also be raised about the NBAF. Construction of the new facility may create a need to reexamine how DHS and USDA coordinate and set research priorities. By law, research on foot and mouth disease is not permitted on the U.S. mainland. This policy would need to be changed before DHS could proceed with its plans to conduct such research at NBAF if it were sited on the U.S. mainland. Two bills introduced in the 110 th Congress would modify this policy (H.R. 1717 and …


Active transport of glucuronide out of cells is a critical process in elimination of drugs via the glucuronidation pathway. Here, HeLa cells were stably transfected with UGT1A1 and the contributions of BCRP and MRP family transporters to the cellular efflux of chrysin glucuronide (CG) were determined. The cDNA of UGT1A1 was introduced into HeLa cells using the lentiviral transfection method. The modified cells were functional in generation of the glucuronide from chrysin. Ko143 at 10–20 μM (a dual inhibitor of BCRP and UGT1A1) caused a marked decrease (51.3%–59.7%, P < 0.01) in the excretion rate and efflux clearance of CG. Likewise, MK-571 at 5–20 μM (an inhibitor of MRPs but an activator of UGT1A1) resulted in a significant reduction in the excretion rate (18.2%–64.0%, P < 0.01) and efflux clearance (37.0%–90.2%, P < 0.001). By contrast, dipyridamole and leukotriene C4 showed no inhibitory effects on CG excretion. The chemical inhibition indicated that excretion of CG was contributed by the MRP family transporters, whereas the role of BCRP was unclear. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA–mediated silencing of a target transporter led to a marked reduction in the excretion rate of CG (38.6% for BCRP, 39.3% for MRP1, 36.4% for MRP3, and 28.7% for MRP4; P < 0.01). Transporter silencing also led to substantial decreases in the efflux clearance (44.7% for BCRP, 60.4% for MRP1, 36.7% for MRP3, and 28.7% for MRP4; P < 0.01). The gene silencing results suggested that BCRP, MRP1, MRP3, and MRP4 were significant contributors to excretion of CG.


We conducted a workshop at the EAHIL 2022 Conference which aimed to identify best practice when updating literature searches for systematic reviews. We prepared a presentation and questions which were discussed in small groups. The potential solutions were evaluated using the "rose, thorn, bud" method, and the results of the workshop are summarised here. The importance of transparently reporting the search strategies, platforms, and changes compared to previous searches were emphasised. Workshop participants preferred to change (and improve) previous strategies rather than repeating faulty searches. They also preferred to re-run searches over the whole time period instead of searching from a time point on, suggesting deduplication methods to manage the records. We hope this discussion will continue at future conferences.


Self-benefit and ration in traditional "economic-man hypothesis" are un-testable and ir-realizable,so "economic-man hypothesis" is a external controversial topic.The new view that the traditional "economic-man hypothesis" is replaced by "dynamical and general economic-man hypothesis" has some enlightening meaning.The concept of "Dynamical and general economic-man hypothesis" still utilities "self-benefit" and "ration",but this concept draws into "general self-benefit" and " general ration" and underlines to use dynamic and developmental view to treat "general self-benefit man" and "general rational man".


While first gene-drug pairs have emerged to be clinically actionable in the treatment of major depressive disorders (MDD) (e.g., CYP2D6 and TCAs/SSRIs), genomic studies have not yet been successful in identifying replicable and valid biomarkers of pharmacological treatment outcome. While some trials suggest that candidates such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, SLC6A4 and HTR2A polymorphisms may improve the prediction of response/remission, these results should be interpreted cautiously and required confirmation in larger samples. This presentation will cover state of the art of pharmacogenomics for MDD as well as the emerging field of pharmacotranscriptomics and functional genomics analyses in MDD. Specifically, pharmacotranscriptomics in combination with genomics may be a promising avenue in overcoming some of the current limitations in treatment response prediction research. More recently, the combined genetic effect of polygenic risk scores has shown promising results in predicting treatment response. Importantly, adequately large and well phenotyped clinical trials are required to be conducted with pharmacogenomics/-transcriptomics prospectively in mind. Disclosure No significant relationships.


A substrate ion exchange system is provided for a multi-component ion exchange bath that minimizes stratification effects within the bath, along with methods of mixing such baths. The system includes a substrate having an outer region containing a plurality of substrate metal ions; an ion exchange bath with a first metal salt and a second metal salt; and a vessel for containing the ion exchange bath and the substrate. The system further includes a mixing apparatus configured to mix the bath such that the metal ion concentration associated with the first metal salt in the bath is substantially uniform within the vessel. The substrate metal ions are exchangeable with metal ions from the first and second metal salts. Further, the first and second metal salts are miscible and molten.


Abstract This article examines relations between American imperial personnel and indigenous Muslims in the southern Philippines from the colonial advent to the post-colonial present. American officials initially established imperial linkages with Muslims that bypassed emerging political arrangements in core Christian areas. In ruling different Filipinos disparately, Christian and non-Christian zones of the archipelago assumed separate developmental trajectories. Muslims were racialized and forcibly modernized, but stood apart as a peripheral minority. Although sub-national imperial connections were severed after 1913, Muslims retained a memory of a distinct relationship with the United States that benefited local interests and contained government violence when the Americans returned to fight a war on terror at the beginning of the 21st century.


The condition of physical development and physical working ability of 234 boys and girls of the 1st year study, who entered the agrarian university is researched by the authors of the article. It was noticed that by many factors young people met only 40-80% of standards for their age. In connection with the data physical training lessons were organized according both to the personal students' motivation and to their physical development


The existence of certain TeV suppressed higher-dimension operators may open up new decay channels for the Higgs boson to decay into lighter right-handed neutrinos. These channels may dominate over all other channels if the Higgs boson is light. For a Higgs boson mass larger than 2m{sub W}, the new decays are subdominant yet still of interest. The right-handed neutrinos have macroscopic decay lengths and decay mostly into final states containing leptons and quarks. A distinguishing collider signature of this scenario is a pair of displaced vertices violating lepton number. A general operator analysis is performed using the minimal flavor violation hypothesis to illustrate that these novel decay processes can occur while remaining consistent with experimental constraints on lepton number violating processes. In this context, the question of whether these new decay modes dominate is found to depend crucially on the approximate flavor symmetries of the right-handed neutrinos.


2,6-Dimethyloctane and 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane were isolated from petroleum. These hydrocarbons which are present in relatively large amounts appear to be derived from the monoterpenoids.


Computer as commonly known is usable for both Braille written initiation and Latin written conversion to Braille or vice versa. Through input device modification and special application of computer was applicable for the braille script to be read by those who blind category and for the low vision one as well. Application of this system is enough once for teacher/trainer to guide the participant to be self-assist learning due to the braille-button press rather than manually relying on the teacher/trainer guidance. The method of research used was the Waterfall with sequential linier model. The major finding of the research were application program providing for the blind children community through the braille-based literacy learning, besides for the low vision with a standard written modification, and the input device (keyboard) creation with a braille-based letters and


Preventing a repeat of the global financial crisis has become a priority for policymakers. On the regulatory side, banking institutions are facing pressure to increase capital ratios, they are often confronted with restrictions on proprietary trading, and larger institutions are required to stress-test their loan portfolios, to list a few examples. On monetary policy, interest rate setting is no longer viewed as necessarily limited to achieving price stability and full employment mandates. Central banks question with renewed curiosity whether they should also respond to rapid growth in credit and asset prices by raising interest rates preemptively. The question itself is not new, and in the past the answer seemed to be "no." But the seminal paper by Schularick and Taylor (2012) and subsequent work has shown rapid growth of credit relative to GDP to be the single best harbinger of fragility in financial markets. The paper by Bauer and Granziera (BG henceforth) should be viewed against this backdrop. It is not an attempt to determine whether or not it is optimal for central banks to add financial stability as one of the policy objectives to be managed with interest rate policy. Rather, it asks a narrower, more operational question: Would raising interest rates to reduce froth in credit and asset markets generate unwanted financial instability in the short run? The answer they provide is a surprising "yes" based on careful and sophisticated empirics. The reason for this paradoxical result is that output initially declines more quickly than credit in response to an interest rate hike. As a result, aggregate "leverage" increases in the short run before coming down in the medium and longer run. I use "leverage" here to indicate above-trend growth in the ratio of credit to GDP in


In order to study the effects of joint characteristics on rock fragmentation modes, from the meso-level structure of rock mass, the jointed rock indentation by a single TBM disc cutter was simulated by using the particle discrete element method, and rock fragmentation process was highlighted. A series of two-dimensional numerical modeling in jointed rock mass were performed to explore the influence of joint strength, spacing and orientation on rock fragmentation by disc cutter. Finally the load of disc cutter and the stress distribution of rock were analyzed. The results show that the joints in the rock mass can change the crack propagation pattern and obstruct the damage spread into the rocks under the joints. For the low strength joint in the rock mass, the ability of obstructing damage spread is better. The joint spacing has significant impact on the size of rock debris and the penetration rate increases with the decrease of the joint spacing. There exists three basic modes of rock fragmentation which are mainly related to the joint orientation. The specific energy achieves the minimum value at the joint dip angle α=60° and the penetration efficiency of disc cutter can reach the highest.


Traditional music is an ancestral form of art in a society that relies on local traditions, language, and culture. One of the preserved traditional music in East Lombok is Klentang, a traditional musical instrument shaped like metal bars played in a musical ensemble. Despite its rapid development, the existence of Klentang remains safeguarded by the East Lombok community. Therefore, this research aims to accompany the production of Klentang musical instruments at Sanggar Patuh Gending to preserve the culture and advance traditional music. The study is conducted using ethnographic methods involving 18 craftsmen and 8 students. The Klentang-making process includes crafting the metal bars and their supports. The metal bars are made by heating and forging steel, followed by tuning the pitches by striking the bars with a hammer. The supports consist of bends and frames made from bamboo and wooden boards. The size and tuning of Klentang are adjusted to the diatonic tuning system intervals to produce harmonic sounds. Crafting Klentang requires skill and precision to create high-quality musical instruments. By executing this process effectively, Klentang can produce beautiful and harmonious sounds when played, ensuring the continuity and preservation of traditional Klentang music.


With the increasing pressure for cost containment in health care, big-ticket items such as magnetic resonance (MR) are getting attention. Can 0.5-T state-of-the-art systems be as clinically efficacious as 1.5-T systems? It is therefore worthwhile to compare contrast enhancement between the field strength as was discussed in the AJNR article "Effect of Dose and Field Strength on Enhancement with Paramagnetic Contrast Media" (1). Such a study requires a fair comparison. First, T1 relaxation times differ at 0.5 T and 1.5 T. Should not the authors have first selected the optimal repetition time for each field strength and then made the comparison? Second, the echo times used were not comparable. In "Methods," the authors state that the echo times ranged between 10 and 20 milliseconds. In fact, the clinical cases at 0.5 T from Figures 1 and 2 are annotated as 25 milliseconds. Were the echo times actually set for 25 milliseconds at 0.5 T because of the gradient limitations of that system but were 10 to 20 milliseconds on their 1.5-T system? It is currently very difficult to make a truly valid comparison between field strengths, because many other hardware differences exist even within the same vendor's systems. In addition to more powerful gradients often being available on 1.5-T systems, radio frequency coils, software, and so forth, also generally differ. Based on my own experience with different field strengths and vendors, there will continue to be some applications for which high-field systems will significantly outperform middleand particularly low-field systems. The issue of contrast enhancement and image contrast's dependency on field strength remains an unanswered question in my mind.


Kafka's split world originates from his paradoxical survival condition and paradoxical personality. Meanwhile this split world is also a response to,a reflection on and an artistic extension of the essence of paradox of being. Firstly,the self-split of Kafka is to meet two opposite needs of survival. The outer self is the demand of the ethical attribute and the inner self pursues transcendence. The inner self escapes from the gravitation of outer self but is contained by the outer self constantly. Secondly,the irrational spirit of time and Kafka's personality drive him to form an opinion of the negation of the internality and the affirmation of externality,and Kafka holds that reason is useless for cognition of the individual internality. Lastly,in Kafka's works,there is an absolute boundary between reason and divinity,and the split between existence and consciousness is the theme,and the symbolization of the characters and the abnormalization of the world are the basic artistic methods to express this theme.


From the late Victorian London to the late twentieth-century Taipei, with the distinct displacements of time and space, Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray" metamorphosizes into the Taiwanese architect Wang Dahong's adapted translation, "Du Liankui". Behind "Du Liankui's" oscillation between translation and rewriting lies the unceasing dialogue/dialectic between self and other, demonstrating the double re-construction of time/space and history/ narrative. On the one hand, along with the dislocation and relocation of the historical frame, how does the adapted translation implant and transplant the original story in the new cultural context? While replicating the other by way of rewriting, recreating a new life out of the other's life experiences and sensibilities, the adapted translation casts a new light on the particularities of one's own culture so as to reflect the cultural conflicts and entanglements between the "self" and the "other." On the other hand, in what way is the story re-narrated? Is it possible to remain loyal to the original and at the same time distinct from it? The adaptation resembles the original by following its narrative organization. Yet the rewriting, especially of the details, changes the moral, esthetic and intellectual aspects of the original work, thereby destabilizing the subjection of the derived text to the original one. By the careful choice and subtle (re-) arrangement of each object, the derived text not only reinvents the moral allegory embodied by the debauchery and self-destruction of Dorian Gray, but also illustrates the relentless invasion of the culturally overwhelming "other" into the "self".


Support vector machine(SVM) is the core of the kernel function,selecting the proper parameters of kernel function are the focus of support vector machine theory research.Combined GA and Powell algorithm,the GA-Powell algorithm was proposed to search optimal parameters.First,use the genetic algorithm to find a initial solution,and then use the Powell algorithm,eventually produce the optimal solution.This method retained the global search capability of GA algorithm and the good local convergence of Powell,with more accurate and faster convergence.The algorithm is applied to the practice of bank found project classification and has good result.


ABSTRACT Old-age pensions are the most widespread social security programmes around the world that in many countries account for a huge part of the national budget. Based on the PENLEG dataset (Pension Legislation around the World, 1880–2010), this article answers the question whether the political regime type has affected the choice of a specific pension design when implementing old-age pensions for the first time. The global study shows that nondemocratic regimes were more likely to implement social insurance designs, as these pension designs are best suited to bind citizens to the state and to target benefits on groups that are essential for regime survival. In contrast, the study can only find weak evidence that electoral autocracies were less likely to implement social insurance designs than closed autocracies. Moreover, colonial legacies mattered strongly. Especially former French colonies were more likely to implement social insurance designs.


The results of investigations on hybrid laser + gas metal arc (GMA) welding of butt joints of different fine-grained and thermomechanically rolled steel plates 5.0 mm thick are presented in the article. The hybrid welding tests were carried out on steel grade Domex 700MC, Domex 960, and Domex 1100. The experimental stand for hybrid welding consisted of the laser welding head and also the arc GMA torch. Butt joints of Domex 700MC plates were hybrid welded applying a metal cored wire Stein Megafil 742B (Charpy V: 80 J at −20°C). In turn, the butt joints of Domex 960, and Domex 1100 steel plates were hybrid welded applying a metal cored wire Stein Megafil 1100M (Charpy V: 55 J at −20°C). The quality of the test joints was analyzed by means of visual inspection and cross-section observation. In turn, the mechanical properties were evaluated by means of a static tensile test of the welded joints and also impact toughness of the weld metal. The results showed that the hybrid welding can provide a proper shape of weld even at altering gap between the butt surfaces of the groove and also at distinct shift of the electric arc to the laser beam spot. Results of tensile tests showed that the hybrid welded joints of Domex 960 and 1100 have the strength at similar levels of approximately 1,140 MPa, which is significantly higher compared to the joints of Domex 700MC at approximately 820 MPa. In turn, the weld metal of the Domex 700MC steel exhibited the highest impact toughness at a mean value of 139 J/cm2, whereas the test joints of Domex 960 showed lower impact toughness at approximately 122 J/cm2. Surprisingly, the lowest impact toughness was determined for the joints of Domex 1100, despite the same wire being applied for the Domex 960.


Ruby in the Dust: Poetry and History in Padmāvat by the South Asian Sufi Poet Muḥammad Jāyasī. By Thomas de Bruijn. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2012. Pp. 371. [American ed., 2013. Dist. by University of Chicago Press.]


Cladosporium sp. collection by bees (Apis mellifera L.) was observed in Brazil at an apiary located in Minas Gerais, during November 10-23, 2005, characterized by high air relative humidity and low availability of food resources (pollen and nectar).The nutritional composition of the fungi pellets presented high protein value, ethereal extract and organic matter.


eXtreme Programming (XP), Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), or Scrum were introduced as new and somewhat controversial methods for delivering software development projects. Today, agile development practices such as iterative development, test-driven development, and continuous integration are commonplace and have been accepted and absorbed as an alternative approach to software development. Whatever your beliefs or experience, you cannot deny that agile development projects can and have proved successful in delivering functionality on time and to budget.


of Science, she has been involved with schools, museums, science, and the arts for more than 25 years. Some years ago Howard Gardner put forth the concept that schools should be more like museums.1 In the spring of 1997, I had the opportunity to get a close look at two partnerships in which teachers joined with informal science educators to do precisely that. Both partnerships centered around the idea that formal settings for learning can be enhanced by informal learning methodologies. The power of these partnerships goes beyond the projects' nuts and bolts to include how people from two different educational cultures bonded to create


This paper tries to illustrate the relationship between the 20th century western literary theories and the teaching of British and American literature to the students of English language and literature major, henceforth state how to apply the theories into practice, exemplified by classroom teaching cases, so as to show that literary theory and literature teaching are an organic whole which can help to sharpen students' minds, to cultivate their literary and language abilities.


This study aims: (1) to describe and explain the multicultural education content in Interlanguage English textbooks of senior high school level, and (2) to describe and explain the quality of the multicultural education content in Interlanguage English textbooks of senior high school level. The form of this research was descriptive qualitative. The data sources in this study were Interlanguage English textbooks of senior high school in Maroangin and informants, namely the authors of the books analyzed. Data collection techniques using content analysis techniques, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. Test the validity of the data with the theory and source triangulation techniques, while data analysis used interactive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that: (1) the contents of multicultural education in the analyzed Interlanguage English textbooks do not fully contain the dimensions of multicultural education. This was evident from the five dimensions that should have existed only three dimensions were raised, namely the dimensions of material integration, the dimension of reducing prejudice, as well as the dimensions of strengthening school culture and social structure. Whereas the other two dimensions, namely the dimension of knowledge construction and the dimension of adjustment of learning methods were not found in the textbook; (2) the quality of multicultural education content in the lessons is still very inadequate. This is because not all multicultural dimensions are integrated into the textbook.


Cu/SiO_2 catalyst for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethylene glycol was prepared by homogeneous deposition-precipitation.Deactivation of the Cu/SiO_2 catalyst was studied under the fol- lowing condition:210 ℃,2.0 MPa,DMO LHSV of 0.01 mol·(g-cat· h)~(-1),n(H_2):n(DMO) =60. Fresh and deactivated catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET and TG-DTG.The results showed that deactivation of the Cu/SiO_2 catalyst was mainly caused by growth of Cu crystals by sintering and coke formation from the polymers.


The project proves that solar photovoltaic power can supply power to the ordinary inverter without any other DC to AC equipment, which can drive the motor. The power supply mode used in the air conditioning system, will make full use of photovoltaic power, and then directly drive the air-conditioning compressor. That will promote solar air conditioning application and achieve energy-saving and emission reduction. In the mode of using photovoltaic together with municipal power, the DC voltage should be increased to the applicable level by adjusting the number of photovoltaic panels in Series then it can achieve the priority use of photovoltaic DC power. Both theoretical analysis and experiments show that the two kinds of energy used mode is no risk of mutual interference.


The space time block code(STBC) can not provide simultaneously both full diversity and full transmission rate in a transmit diversity system having more than two transmit antennas.. There are a quasi orthogonal STBC for four transmit antennas that provides full transmission rate and minimized interference. Recently, a simple correlation canceling algorithm is introduced to achieve full diversity from STBC considering four transmit antennas. In this paper, we propose a new decoding procedure using the power allocation at the transmitter and subtraction interference process at the receiver to achieve a better performance without noise enhancement.


This report is a summary of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory s (ORNL s) Phase 3 development of Sensorpedia, a sensor information sharing platform. Sensorpedia is ORNL s Wikipedia for Sensors. The overall goal of Sensorpedia is to enable global scale sensor information sharing for scientific research, national security and defense, public health and safety, emergency preparedness and response, and general community awareness and outreach.


Traditionally, medical prescriptions by doctors have been typically handwritten or printed by computer on paper and hand-delivered to pharmacists. Paperbased medical prescription is, however, causing increasing concern as incidences of prescription errors have been increasing causing minor to serious problems to patients, including deaths. Most of the errors of paper-based prescription could be eliminated or minimized by electronic transmission of prescription (ETP), also known as electronic prescription or e-prescription. Though e-prescription is simple and straightforward, it has not yet been ABSTRACT


a) at least one compound of Formula (I) [Formula 1] (In the formula, R1 and R2 are each, independently of one another H or CH R3 is one or more identical or different C n is an integer of 0 to 100) Compounds having a (monomer alpha), b) N- vinylamide having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, N- vinyl lactam, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of N- vinylimines and N- vinylamine (monomer beta), c) if appropriate, one or more different difunctional crosslinker components, d) if appropriate, one or more different regulators, and e) if appropriate, one or more additional copolymerizable components (monomer gamma) Copolymers obtainable by the polymerization is effective for improving the penetration migration of pesticides. .BACKGROUND


What started in 1986 as a punchline to an infectious diseases Trivial Pursuit question or ABIM examination zebra has become the latest emerging infectious disease of worldwide significance. Zika virus introduction into the Americas where the population has no immunity has resulted in an epidemic of major proportions with considerable congenital impact. Thus far no significant disease has occurred in the United States, but the mosquito vector is present in sufficient numbers to enable transmission and disease appears inevitable at some point. Although microcephaly occurring as a result of gestational exposure remains controversial, there now exists scientific confirmation of central nervous system infection in laboratory animals, viral isolation from placental and fetal tissues, the development of congenital defects, and associations similar to consequences of rubella in women exposed in the early trimesters of pregnancy. Sexual transmission has also been confirmed.


We surveyed environmentally friendly chemicals and mild processes that could be used to avoid the high absorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX) load and damage to the environment from the waste of wool plants. In this research, we sought to achieve a new zero-AOX processing alternative to conventional processes such as chlorine/Hercosett processing and thus use environmentally friendly enzymes and chitosan as a biopolymer. We studied enzymatic, oxidative, and additive processes and various combinations of them to improve the shrink-proofing and antifelting properties of wool. We performed our experiments with enzymatic treatments using commercial protease preparations, such as Perizym AFW, Alcalase 2.5L, Savinase 16L, and papain. The oxidative agents were hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochloride, and the additive agents were based on polyurethane, polysiloxane, and silicone, as well as chitosan, a hydrophilic and natural polymer. We attempted to determine the agent or combination that best improved the shrink-proofing properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2903–2908, 2004


The presence of subsurface cracks in a longitudinal weld seam of an AISI type 316 stainless steel heat-exchanger shell was revealed by radiographic testing. Numerous intergranular cracks associated with the root pass of the weld, which had propagated both parallel and normal to the weld seam, were revealed by metallographic examination (hot shortness). It was indicated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy that type 316 electrode was not used for the root pass and instead a nickel-copper alloy electrode was employed. It was thus concluded that cracking was caused due to the use of an incorrect electrode for the root pass as these electrodes are crack sensitive if overheated. The weld seam was completely ground out and replaced with the correct electrode material as a corrective measure.


The Objectives of the research is to know the difference of Engl learning Result between students who taught by cooperatif instructional strategy to students who taught by individual instructional strategy. knowing the difference of English learning result between students who have high vocabulary master.), to students who have low vocabulary mastery. knowing is there any interaction between instructional strategy and vocabulary mastery influence the English learning result.
The population in this research is all of the students of XII grade at. SMA Laksamana Martadinata, Medan. While the sample was taken as much as 2 class as cluster random sampling. The reseacrh was done on III semester year of 2006:2007. The research methode which used is quasi experiment with plan factorial 2 x 2. Students vacabulary mastery were counted usino, test which made the researcher. English learning result test using multiple choice as much as 40 item
and has 0,88 for reliability by using KR-20.
The hypothesis testing result shows that students which taught by individual instructional strategy have higher English learning result than students who taught by Cooperatif instructional strategy. It is showed by Fhitung = 5.495 > Ftabel 3,90 on significant level α = 0,05. Students who have high vacabulary mastery having higher learning English result than students who have low
vocabulary mastery.it is showed by Fhitung, = 7833 > Ftahel = 190 on significant level α = 0,05 with dk = (1,96), and any interaction between instructional strategy and vocabulary mastery to students English learning result. It is showed by Fhitung 23,28 > Ftabel = 3,90 on significant level α = 0,05. The next test use Scheffe test which prove that students who have high vocabulary which taught by individual instructional strategy acquire higher learning result than students which taught by
cooperative instructional strategy. Meanwhile students who have low vocabulary mastery acquire higher English learning result if taught by cooperatif instructional strategy than students who taught by individual instructional strategy.
Therefor the conclusion of this research are state that individual instructional strategi has higher effect to english learning result than cooperatif instructional strategy, while learning result of students who have high vocabulary
mastery was higher than students who have low vocabulary mastery, and any interaction between instructional strategy and vocabulary mastery to English
learning result.
It is hoped to the research result can be useful! in knowledge development.


Date of acceptance 5/4/2008 Abstract The records of Primary Health Care Centres (Al-Risafa section of Baghdad) were inspected for communicable diseases during the period January-April 2006. There were 8622 recorded cases (the diagnosis was based on a clinical examination and laboratory findings), which were distributed as 4782 (55.5%), 1430 (16.6%), 1604 (18.6%) and 806 (9.3%) for Sadar city, Risafa, A'adhamyiah and Mada'in, respectively. The highest frequency was reported for chicken pox (42.7%), followed by mumps and typhoid fever (20 and 13.7%, respectively), while diphtheria and cholera were not recorded. These three most frequent diseases were further analyzed, and their distribution showed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). April was the month of the highest recorded cases (48.05%), followed by March (18.8%), January (18.1%) and finally February (14.7%). Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that epidemiological surveillance is an important element of communicable disease control programmes,and it is the cornerstone of epidemiology and preventive medicine(1).In this regard,the epidemiological surveillance is defined as ongoing and organized efforts that aim to act and/or initiate programmes for the control of communicable diseases that emerge in the population ,furthermore,it is involved in preventing their inciden ce and to evaluate the results (2).The programme includes integrated activities,which cover collection,analysis and publishing of data. The collection of data includes information about infected cases, time and place of emergence,or what is called epidemiological triangle.The collected data then is analyzed and interpreted to get information about the aetiological agents that cause the disease(3).Accordingly, the present study was designed to shed light on the communicable diseases in Baghdad during the period January-April 2006 Subjects and Methods The present study is descriptive, and its information was collected from the records of Primary Health Care Centres located in AlRisafa section of the capital Baghdad during the period January-April 2006.


Purpose. The problem of evaluation and analysis of magnetic flux density of overhead power lines is very relevant now, since the magnetic field of industrial frequency can have a negative effect on human health. The analysis of the magnetic field of the operating double-circuit overhead transmission line was made in this work. This overhead line is in the residential area of Chernihiv, Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to determine safe habitation conditions as a function of the magnetic flux density along the route of two-circuit power line with the voltage 110 kV «ChTPP-Chernihiv-330». Real modes of operation are taken into account. Recommendations are given for reducing the magnetic flux density level in the residential area to a value that will not exceed the standard value. Methodology. Methods of electromagnetic field theory were used to calculate the magnetic field of power lines. The location of the phase wires on different types of supports of the existing power transmission line and the minimum distance between the conductors and the ground were taken into account. The current value of the current in the phases of the transmission line was taken from the Company «Chernihivoblenergo». Also, the calculation of the magnetic flux density was made for the perspective loads of the transmission line. Estimation of the value of the magnetic flux density was made for the zone of one-story and multi-story buildings near power lines. The option of uniform loading of two power transmission lines was considered and the case where the entire load is transferred along one circuit was also considered. Results. In this work, the distribution of magnetic flux density at a height of 1.8 m in the direction perpendicular to the power transmission line for the sections built on supports of the U110-2 and PB110-2 types was obtained. The graphs show that the magnitude of the magnetic flux density at the boundary of the protection zone of the transmission line will be exceed twice the standard value 0.5 μT for the existing and perspective loads. This problem is relevant in the case of transmission lines in single-circuit mode. The graphs of distribution of magnetic flux density on the facade of an apartment building, located at a distance of 20 m from the axis of symmetry of the transmission line, were constructed. As a result, it is shown that at a height of 11 m from the earth's surface, magnetic flux density will be 1.5-2 μT. Practical value. It is determined that safe habitation along the route of two-circuit power line with the voltage 110 kV «ChTPP-Chernihiv-330» can be achieved when facades of an apartment building are removed from the axis of symmetry of the transmission line at a distance of 33 m for high-rise buildings and at a distance of 27 m for one-storey buildings. Recommendations for reducing the magnetic flux density of this power transmission line have been developed.


Sir Humphrey Davy26 appears to have been the first to suggest the possibility of currents of electricity flowing in the earth, and states that the variation in the declination may be caused by the variations of these currents. Christie carried the suggestion still further in his "Theory of the Diurnal Variation of the Earth's Magnetism"23 and argued that the heat of the sun was the cause of these currents; he constructed a model to test this point. Becquerel16 made some experiments in 1844 to find whether the Earth's magnetism had an electrical origin, but his results seem to indicate effects due to the electrochemical action of the plates and the soil. W. H. Barlow10 from his observations on the English telegraph lines in 1847 appears to have been the first to prove that the currents which often interfered with the sending of messages actually came from the Earth and were always present.


Gender equality is an essential component of the ambitious agenda of the new President of the European Commission. After years of stagnation, this policy field shall see a revival; the vision is a "Union of Equality". As part of the working programme for the first 100 days in office, the Commission published its "Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025" in March 2020. This contribution elucidates the significance of gender equality for the Commission and relates these new ambitions to the general development of the policy field. The Gender Equality Strategy and its six main goals are then introduced and the likelihood of actual implementation is discussed against the background of increasing fragmentation and polarisation in the Council and in the European Parliament. The German Council Presidency will play an important role for its realisation.


Through looking at state adoption of right-to-work laws, state embrace of social equity between employees of different racial and ethnic groups, and federal adjudication and administration of the National Labor Relations Act, we seek to better understand how state and federal intervention in labor-management relations have contributed to income inequality across regions and overtime in the United States. As we will see, both state and federal support of employers' prerogatives and of racially biased institutions are associated with weaker worker power. For example, change in adjudication and administration of the National Labor Relations Board to the benefit of the employer starting in the 1980s is associated with around a 90 percent decrease in strike activity across states. And state embrace of Jim Crow in the midcentury and the New Jim Crow since the 1980s explains a significant portion of the variation in worker power, and thus wages between states. JEL Codes: J01, J42, J51, B15, J50, K00 1 Mark Stelzner, Assistant Professor of Economics, Connecticut College, New London, CT USA. Email: email@example.com. 2 Eric Hoyt, Research Director Center for Employment Equity, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Empirical methods have grown common in software engineering, but there is no consensus on how to apply them properly. Is practical relevance key? Do internally valid studies have any value? Should we replicate more to address the tradeoff between internal and external validity? We asked the key players of softwareengineering research, but they do not agree on answers to these questions. The original paper has been published at the International Conference on Software Engineering 2015 [SSA15]. Empirical research in software engineering came a long way. From being received as a niche science, the awareness of its importance has increased. In 2005, empirical studies were found in about 2% of papers of major venues and conferences, while in recent years, almost all papers of ICSE, ESEC/FSE, and EMSE reported some kind of empirical evaluation, as we found in a literature review. Thus, the amount of empirically investigated claims has increased considerably. With the rising awareness and usage of empirical studies, the question of where to go with empirical software-engineering research is also emerging. New programming languages, techniques, and paradigms, new tool support to improve debugging and testing, new visualizations to present information emerge almost daily, and claims regarding their merits need to be evaluated—otherwise, they remain claims. But, how should new approaches be evaluated? Do we want observations that we can fully explain, but with a limited generalizability, or do we want results that are applicable to a variety of circumstances, but where we cannot reliably explain underlying factors and relationships? In other words, do researchers focus on internal validity and control every aspect of the experiment setting, so that differences in the outcome can only be caused by the newly introduced technique? Or, do they focus on external validity and observe their technique in the wild, showing a real-world effect, but without knowing which factors actually caused the observed difference? This tradeoff between internal and external validity is inherent in empirical research. Due to the options' different objectives, we cannot choose both. Deciding for one of these options is not easy, and existing guidelines are too general to assist in making this decision. With our work, we want to raise the awareness of this problem: How should we address the tradeoff between internal or external validity? In the end, every time we are planning an experiment, we must ask ourselves: Do we ask the right questions? Do we want pure, ∗University of Passau, firstname.lastname@example.com †University of Passau, email@example.com ‡University of Passau, firstname.lastname@example.com External – 51% Balance – 29% Internal – 20% [internal] would show no value to [the] SE community Without internal validity, the results cannot be trusted [With internal validity] you might get a more 'reliable' result, but the result could not be used to explain anything about the real world [...] we first need to clearly control [confounding factors] before eventually being able to generalise include two studies [in a paper], one maximizing internal validity and the other maximizing external Fig. 1: Preferences for internal vs. external validity among program-committee and editorial-board


We argue for serious mixed reality games as an approach to study and design for challenging real-word scenarios, such as disaster response, for which empirical data is difficult to obtain and efficacy of purely computational simulations is questionable. We outline our approach and give an example of a serious mixed reality game, which allows the study and analysis of human-agent interaction in a disaster response scenario on the ground.


A hollow microtube–nanowire structure of carbon-doped ZnO was fabricated via using carbon fibers as the sacrificed substrates. The hollow microtube–nanowire architecture was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, photoluminescence and electrical measurements. The results indicate that carbon is self-doped into ZnO primarily substituting oxygen in the growth and annealing processes. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the carbon-doped ZnO shows a strong defect-induced emission in the visible range of 400–800 nm. The optoelectronic properties in the range of the visible light are demonstrated by operating an organic/inorganic p–n heterojunction and a metal–semiconductor–metal (M–S–M) structure, which indicates that carbon doping in ZnO extends its photoelectric specifics in the visible light region.


Unified Modeling Language (UML) is easier to understand and communicate using graphical notations, but lacks techniques for model validation and verification especially if these diagrams are updated. Formal approaches like Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) are based on strong mathematical notations and proofs as basis for executable modeling languages. Transforming UML diagrams to executable models that are ready for analysis is significant, and providing an automated technique that can transform these diagrams to a mathematical model such as CPNs avoids the redundancy of writing specifications. The use of UML diagrams in modeling Object Oriented Diagrams (OODs) leads to a large number of interdependent diagrams. It is necessary to preserve the diagrams consistency since they are updated continuously. This research proposes a new structure for the mutual integration between OODs and CPNs modeling languages to support model changes, the proposed integration suggest a new structure (Object Oriented Coloured Petri Nets (OOCPN)) to include set of rules to check and maintain the consistency and integrity of the OOCPN model based on OODs relations.


In article origin of ideas of freedom as social axiological categories is considered. The main turning points in freedom research from an antiquity to New time are investigated.


Global Mental Health (GMH) is an emerging field of scientific education, research, advocacy, and intervention that takes a worldwide perspective of classifiable mental, neurological,and substance misuse disorders.1 A sustainable
and effective GMH service reduces cross-border threats
and human security vulnerabilities while promoting resilience and capabilities of individuals and the wider community.spikes in communities acutely stressed by post-conflict environments. In addition to the direct harm domestic violence afflicts on its victims, it also leads to wider levels of criminal activity in the community and thus further impairs the community's return to preconflict baseline.


In order to obtain information about the runaway electron population in COMPASS tokamak we employed 21 pinhole HXR camera borrowed from CEA Cadarache which detects HXR created when the runaway electron hit into the tokamak chamber. In this paper we show calibration of the camera and the first results—HXR energy spectra and energy loads in channels. At the end of the paper we discus two different mechanism giving an upper limit on runaway electrons energy in COMPASS tokamak.


This article investigates the processes of curriculum development and enactment for Portuguese as an Additional Language (PAL) courses within the context of Exchange Programme for Undergraduate Students (PEC-G). Nine PAL programme co-ordinators and ten PAL instructors participated in personalised in-depth semi-structured interviews which were guided by the research question: what shapes curriculum within the context of PAL for PEC-G? The findings revealed that the examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in Brazilian Portuguese (Celpe-Bras) had been serving as guidelines for curriculum development and/or enactment within the context of PAL for PEC-G students. While critically acknowledging the contributions of communicative-driven and task-based approaches to the additional language education field, critical and intercultural pedagogies are introduced as an alternative for a theoretical and pedagogical shift within the PAL field – especially for the purposes of curriculum development and enactment.


What the most county-level library must solve urgently is the realization of automation and network.Based on Binchuan County Library,the paper illustrates the difficulties of automation management faced by county-level library,and puts forward some solutions to the problems.


Nancy E. van Deusehs study and translation of Ursula de JesÃos's diary, a seventeenth century Afro-Peruvian mystic, provides a timely addition to the ever growing canon of literature written by religious women of colonial Latin America. In recent years there have been more and more publications dedicated to the study of colonial women and their writings, yet most of these have only provided short translations and excerpts of their works. With the exception of some full-scale translations skillfully rendered by scholars such as Amanda PoweU and Kathleen Myers, there still exists a great gap between the studies on these women and access to their original writings. This book is fascinating because not only does it provide valuable information on Ursula de JesÃos (1604-1666), a Peruvian-born slave of African descent, but it also makes available a bihngual version of a large part of her spiritual diary Van Deusen's study is divided into three major sections. The first part is an introduction to Ursula de JesÃos that adeptly paints a portrait of seventeenth-century Lima and the world that surrounded this Afro-Peruvian mystic. We learn that Ursula spent the first forty-two of her sixty-two years as a slave and that because of her potential as a gifted holy woman, her freedom was purchased in 1645 by a Franciscan nun ofthe Convent of Santa Clara in Lima. That same year Ursula professed as a donada, a convent servant who took simple vows. During approximately the last eleven years in the convent, it appears that Ursula dictated a fragmented diary to several of her fellow nuns, who served as her scribes. The introduction examines some of the main themes prevalent in these pages and provides valuable insight into the mindset of this Afro-Peruvian woman. Themes other than Ursula's life


Honeybees are cherished by the public, and everybody will agree that their well-being is important. The fate of honeybees in Europe and worldwide attracts extensive public attention, even of politicians and in the European Parliament.
Following reports of serious poisoning of honeybees by pesticides across Europe in 1978 and 1979, agricultural scientists in the Netherlands supported by colleagues in France, Germany, Switzerland and England set up the ICP-BR Bee Protection Group. The fi rst meeting of scientists from government agencies, industry and universities was held in Wageningen in 1980. Their objective was, and remains to ensure the safety of honeybees and other bee species in agricultural crops and to ensure that they are not harmed by the approved use of plant protection chemicals.
Since 1980 poisoning of honeybees has been greatly reduced thanks in no small part to the work of the Group's members, to better understanding of the reasons for bee poisoning and to the introduction of safer insecticides and modern advances in crop protection techniques.
However in recent years there has been universal concern about a serious worldwide collapse of honeybee colonies, often referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder or Bee Decline. Scientists, including members of the Bee Protection Group are actively searching for the precise reasons and hence for a cure. Bad winter survival, genetic problems, the Varroa mite, diseases and often pesticides were named as culprits.
At the 9th symposium of the Bee Protection Group (York, 2005) several specialist groups were formed to address the most important of these problems. These groups reported in the 10th symposium (Bucharest, 2008) with proposals for better risk assessments for systemic insecticides, better semi-fi eld and fi eld testing and better bee brood testing. These proposals are published for the fi rst time in these proceedings of the Bucharest symposium, together with the reports of many other new developments in the area of protecting honeybees from the undesired eff ects of pesticides. One particular undesired eff ect reported here are the incidents caused by dust abrasion from treated seeds in Germany, France, Italy and Slovenia. The proposals resulting from the working groups, and from the discussions and recommendations of the symposium will be processed by EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation) to a new environmental risk assessment scheme
for plant protection products and honeybees in Europe.
In spite of considerable eff ort the precise cause of Bee Decline remains obscure, although signifi cant progress has been made recently, and the Bee Protection Group continues to play its part in seeking an early solution. However careful analysis of all the available data shows that pesticides are not the cause.


We contend that all people who abhor violence should favor stripping the criminal of his profits and compensating the hapless victim. To that end we explore the recent California case, which we call "Son of Sinatra,"' to discover a constitutionally pleasing way to accomplish this result. We discuss the constitutional problems that arise when states set out to seize assets of the criminal that have a connection with his storytelling about the crime.


The invention discloses an automatic flushing system of a safety valve of a fluid transportation pipe, which is characterized in that the safety valve is connected on a transportation main pipe and connected with an accumulator through a flushing pipe; an automatic control valve is arranged on the flushing pipe; a displacement sensor is arranged on the safety valve and connected with the automatic control valve through a signal wire; the safety valve is also connected with a rear outlet pipe; the lower part of the accumulator is connected with a liquid inlet pipe and a flushing liquid discharging pipe in parallel; the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with a flushing liquid tank; a liquid supply pump and a liquid supply valve are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe; a flushing liquid discharging valve is arranged on the flushing liquid discharging pipe; a liquid level meter is arranged at the upper part of the accumulator and a pressure gauge is arranged at the top; the top of the accumulator is connected with a high-pressure gas supply pipe and a vent pipe in parallel; a gas supply valve is arranged on the high-pressure gas supply pipe; and a vent valve is arranged on the vent pipe.


Actin-myosin contraction has been shown to play a major role in early morphogenetic movements in Drosophila (fly) and Xenopus (frog) [1,2]. However, the specific role of actomyosin contractility in amniote embryos (reptiles, birds, and mammals) during primitive streak (PS) formation, the "organizing center" for gastrulation (formation of three primary germ layers), is not known. Current theories regarding primitive streak formation in higher order amniotes center around cell-cell intercalation or chemotactic cell movement [3,4]. We hypothesize that contraction via actin-myosin (AM) filaments is conserved from anamniotes and drives formation of the PS and the associated morphogenetic cell movements.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


are most familiar with the to Abrial of of and decomposition In effect, system development methods do not scale to realistic systems. Composition refers to the assembly of complex systems from independently developed, possibly pre-existing components. Dually, an entire system (or its specification) can be decomposed into separate subsystems that are then refined individually. Decomposition is a fundamental structuring principle of the event-based B method. The contributions of the MOSEL team to the foundations of this area concern extensions of the semantic models for particular types of systems such as real-time, mobile or security-sensitive systems (see sections 6.2 and 8.2). We also study ways to make developments more easily reusable by focusing on generic theories and proofs that can later be instantiated for reuse. Work on the RNRT EQUAST project (see section 7.1) opened a new, interesting avenue by showing that formal models can be applied to improve the conceptual understanding of a technical standard by grouping a set of parameters into hierarchies, explaining results that have traditionally relied on the intuition of experienced engineers. finite-state diagrams, with annotations that express fairness and liveness properties. Predicate diagrams give rise to two different kinds of proof obligations: the correctness of an abstraction with respect to a system specification is reduced to proving non-temporal formulas with the help of automatic or interactive theorem provers. On the other hand, correctness properties are established by finite-state model checking. We are constructing a platform for mechanizing the use of predicate diagrams (see the DIXIT project in section 8.1), and related work concerns the integration of deductive components in a single tool platform. We believe that beyond the sheer capacity of provers for carrying out deductions, adequate interfaces are an important element in order to promote their actual use in system development. Dominique Cansell has developed a new interface for the interactive prover of Atelier B, the primary support tool for the B method (see section 5.1). Its development relies not only on ergonomic concepts, but also on a thorough understanding of how people use an interactive prover. In cooperation with Microsoft Research, we have also worked on a graphical user interface for TLC, the model checker for TLA + . the B method. Starting from standard requirement documents, we have been able to generate synthesizable hardware descriptions from the lowest level of our refinement hierarchies. In the context of two national projects on computer security (see section 8.2), we apply our methods to the development of services and to access-control applications. Our objective is to adjust notations such as B and TLA + to new application areas, extending or specializing them where necessary in order to facilitate their use. have recently become popular because they offer a more uniform framework. However, no algorithm was known for checking the emptiness problem of alternating automata. We have designed such an algorithm for linear weak alternating automata whose expressiveness corresponds precisely to LTL, based on an analysis of their configuration graphs using a variant of Tarjan's algorithm. This algorithm has been implemented in joint work with Moritz Hammer at the University of Munich as an alternative back-end for the Spin model checker. Experimental results show that this approach can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art combination of Spin and Ltl2ba for large formulas. In particular, in the common case where the formula does not hold of the model, our implementation often reports the error before Ltl2ba has even constructed the Büchi automaton. Our implementation is available from the University of Munich. It was mentioned in the October issue of Spin NewsLetters and a paper has been accepted for publication at TACAS 2005. Type systems representing information flow provide an elegant means to enforce that programs guarantee confidentiality properties. Using the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL, Gilles Barthe and Leonor Prensa Nieto have machine-checked a recent work of Boudol and Castellani [25], which defines an information flow type system for a concurrent language with scheduling, and shows that typable programs are non-interferent. As a benefit of using a proof assistant, we are able to handle a more general language than the one studied by Boudol and Castellani. To our best knowledge, the development constitutes the first machine-checked account of non-interference for a concurrent language. The theory of finite automata operating on ! -words is one of the standard pillars of model checking for linear-time temporal logic. In cooperation with Tobias Nipkow from the Technical University of Munich and Javier Esparza from the University of Stuttgart we have started a formalization of the basic concepts and results in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. As part of his DEA (master's) thesis, G. Assielou defined simple and generalized Büchi automata and proved various closure and translation results, including the closure of ! -regular languages under Boolean operators. in parallel. Relationships that exist between formal and semi-formal representations should be maintained across refinements, and revisions in one model should be reflected in the other. As a first step, we have considered the representation of B event systems by UML class diagrams and state machines, identifying typical idioms for the representation of classes, attributes and associations, as well as methods and machine states. Part of the work has been presented at AFADL 2004 [6], and it has been validated on several examples with the help of a prototype written in Prolog. , security . The DESIRS project (Développement de systèmes informatiques par raffinement des contraintes sécuri-taires) studies logics and mechanisms that permit the description and development of systems that must conform to security policies, standards or regulations. Our partners in this project are the LISI/ENSMA of the University of Poitiers (Yamine Aït-Ameur), the ENST Bretagne (Frédéric Cuppens), the IRIT Toulouse (Philippe Balbiani) and the CRIL Lens (Salem Benferhat). This year we studied how the refinement concepts of the B method can be extended to preserve certain possibility properties, in view of accomodating access control policies described using the OrBAC model [28].


The first reason [for the coup] is the act of corruption. The national administrative party [i.e. the civilian government] has taken the opportunity to make use of its political posts and authority to vigorously and unprecedentedly seek benefit for itself and its companions. It has become normal practice for most of the cabinet ministers to seek money to build up their status and wealth in order to support their political power base. During the consideration of potential large-and medium-scale projects, politicians at the government level played a role in pushing for them to materialize by claiming that the public will benefit from each project. In fact, it is only a sophisticated way to seek benefits. Despite knowledge of extensive corruption among the politicians at the Cabinet level and among government officials and certain high-ranking state enterprise officials, the prime minister as head of the government has not seriously attempted to solve the problem. Moreover, the prime minister has even committed such inappropriate acts himself, by claiming various reasons to conceal corruption…. Corruption has escalated quickly and vigorously, beyond anyone's ability to stop its spread…


The utility model discloses a roadside parking intelligence management system. The system comprises a plurality of parking stall sensors (101), a self-organizing network gateway (102), a wireless metropolitan area network (103) and a roadside parking management platform (104). The parking stall sensors and the gateway (102) form a self-organizing network. The parking stall sensors (101) are used to sense a parking state of the parking stall and send parking state information to the gateway (102) of the self-organizing network by using the self-organizing network. The gateway (102) is used to send received parking state data of the parking stall sensors (101) to the roadside parking management platform (104) through the wireless metropolitan area network (103). The roadside parking management platform (104) is used to manage parking stall data information. According to the roadside parking intelligence management system, through the parking stall sensors, the parking stall state information can be acquired in real time and can be timely reported to the roadside parking management platform through the wireless self-organizing network, and the system is highly efficient and accurate.


Automated thermal desorber (ATD) combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was evaluated for determination of 35 kinds of trace volatile organic compounds (.VOCs) in indoor air and environmental air. Using the adsorb tube concentration method .the range of the lowest method detection limits for 35 kinds of VOCs was 0. 1-0. 9μg/m3. relative standard deviations (n = 6)were lower than 8. 4% . for 20(μg/m3 standard VOCs. The method has applied to determination of VOCs in analyzing the indoor air and environmental air samples and satisfactory results were obtained.


Corporate restructuring and improved corporate governance are essential parts of economic reform programs under way in many countries. How can corporations be restructured to promote growth and reduce excessive debt without placing undue burdens on taxpayers? What framework is needed to promote better corporate governance? ORPORATE restructuring involves restructuring the assets and liabilities of corporations, including their debt-to-equity structures, in line with their cash-flow needs to promote efficiency, restore growth, and minimize the cost to taxpayers. Corporate governance refers to the framework of rules and regulations that enable the stakeholders to exercise appropriate oversight of a company to maximize its value and to obtain a return on their holdings. Both corporate and financial sector restructuring are central to ongoing reform programs in East Asia. This article focuses on reform efforts in Indonesia and Korea, as well as Malaysia and Thailand. Corporations, government, and banks have close relationships in many East Asian countries. Many sectors of their economies are dominated by conglomerates controlled by a small group, nontransparent accounting, interlocking ownership between the corporate and financial sectors, and weak minority shareholder rights. It is estimated that the top 10 families in Indonesia in 1997 controlled corporations worth more than half the country's market capitalization. Comparable figures are one-half in Thailand, one-fourth in Korea and Malaysia, but only 2–3 percent in Japan. Fundamental cultural and institutional changes are required if a new corporate governance structure is to be established with arm's-length, transparent relations between corporations, government, and banks. Changing corporate governance, however, is a long-term process. In East Asia, the immediate task is to deal with the present crisis by undertaking integrated restructuring of the assets and liabilities of highly indebted firms, external debt restructuring, and financial sector reform. Integrated restructuring of both corporate assets and liabilities is required if competitive enterprise and financial sectors are to be developed, the risk of crises recurring is to be reduced, and the cost to taxpayers of accomplishing these goals is to be minimized. Buildup of vulnerabilities in the corporate sector. Before the crisis hit, many East Asian corporations expanded into sprawling conglomerates making extensive use of debt, because equity markets were undeveloped and, in many cases, owners preferred to retain control of firms with concentrated holdings. There were also structural weaknesses in these countries' banking supervision systems and internal bank management. Much of the debt owed to banks and corporations was unhedged and short term, which led to extreme overindebtedness following the devaluations and high interest rates of 1997 and 1998. Two factors that make financial crises in East Asia difficult to manage are the large, short-term internal and external debts and openness of many East Asian economies, both of which constrain their monetary and exchange rate policies. Need for a comprehensive approach. Resolving corporate sector, financial sector, and external debt problems requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. Since good firms are necessary if an economy is to have good banks, corporate restructuring must be linked to bank restructuring, which, in turn, must be linked to the settlement of external debt problems. Perverse incentives and inequitable burden sharing can result if obligations to short-term external creditors Corporate Restructuring and Governance in East Asia


This study investigates the Efficiency of football teams in the Italian Serie A for the 2010-2016 seasons, and analyses the link between these efficiencies and the Market Value of the teams. The efficiencies are produced with the use of the stochastic frontier model, along with an optimal number of points achievable per team per season(Frontier Points). The Total Shots Rate, Shots on Target, Pass Success, Shots Blocked and the number of Players Used prove to be important influences on the number of points a team can optimally achieve. The Efficiency analysis shows that the average Efficiency of all teams throughout the dataset is high, that the big clubs in general perform at a higher Efficiency than the smaller clubs, and that Napoli could have been champion of Italy for the 2015-2016 season if they would have performed at average Efficiency. The results additionally suggested a possible impact of Market Value on Efficiency. Further analysis resulted in proof of an impact of both Efficiency and Frontier Points on the Market Value of a club, where the impact of Frontier Points proved to be bigger than the impact of Efficiency.


ABSTRACT Regional splitting is a part of important things common way in any democratic countries such as Indonesia as the form and impact caused by decentralisation. Regional splitting is one of the way to increasing the public service in the purpose of creation for welfare society. The plan of regional split for west cilacap which discussed on this thesis. The writer will trying to describe how the political dynamic that occur in west cilacap regional splitt process. Start from how the political actor and organization in kabupaten Cilacap designing the plan of regional split for west cilacap could make a dynamic political constelation between them. This thesis, using a qualitative metodh with many technic such as observation and interview with many stakeholders which participating in the plan for west cilacap regional split and also using study documentation to collect some documents related to this thesis. Data analysis technique used by writer is data reduction where the writer sorting, simplifying, and transform the data obtained in the field. The results of this thesis shows the dynamics of the political forces in the District Cilacap influenced by political actors and organizations in the District Cilacap. Keyword : Regional splitting, West Cilacap, Political analysis


search that lie hidden in these materials [town records], to analyze the motives and methods in which local communities of the commonwealth are grounded, and to indicate the pressure that increased numbers and administrative complexities have brought to the simple machinery of another day." The author not only has contributed an interesting volume on an interesting subject in political science, but has pointed, in a stimulating manner, the way to further research in local institutional development.


Me and my mommy and dad live in different houses. My daddy used to live with my mommy and me and my brother and my cousin. My daddy goes different places and different stores and my mommy goes to different stores. So dictated Lamar in the kindergarten, as he adapted to a new family arrangement. In this new arrangement, he was, he understood, loved by both parents. And he lived with both, moving from one's house to the other's, depending upon the day of the week, and thus had his life organized in different ways. The place of the child in current literature on language arts education, particularly the child deemed "at risk" of not succeeding in school, seems similar to that of Lamar in his divided households. In the most recent incarnations of longstanding disagreements, everyone, of course, has "the good of the child" at heart, but they organize the child's life in very different ways. These households have been commonly called, not "mom" and "dad," but "process" and "skills," and then there is great uncle "heritage," concerned mainly with older children but always with a guiding word for the younger ones too (Dixon, 1967; Farrell, 1991). And, while there have been important changes in their respective households over the years, they represent evolving curricular traditions, although most certainly "skills" has been most pervasive in the schools (Goodlad, 1984). For example, E. D. Hirsch (1987), of the heritage clan, sees children who are not a part of the middle class, American mainstream as most at risk - as potential victims - if the schools fail to transmit the "common knowledge" or "heritage" of the "culturally literate." Similarly, a recent variant of the "skills" perspective is the "genre camp" of the elementary and secondary schools (currently most firmly rooted in Australia [Comber, personal communication; Reid, 1989]). Sounding themes similar to their "phonics" relatives, these educators worry that 3


This document describes how the IPv4 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) user agents can communicate with IPv6 SIP user agents (and vice versa) at the signaling layer as well as exchange media once the session has been successfully set up. Both single-and dual-stack (i.e., IPv4-only and IPv4/IPv6) user agents are considered. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Camarillo, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 6157 IPv6 Transition in SIP April 2011 This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.


Mathematics curriculum according to 2009 Revised National Curriculum suggests that school mathematics must cultivate interest and curiosity about mathematics in addition to creative thinking ability of students, and ability and attitude of observing and analyzing many things happening around. Centroid of a triangle in 2007 Revised National Curriculum is defined as 'an intersection point of three median lines of a triangle' and it has been instructed focusing on proof study that uses characteristic of parallel lines and similarity of a triangle. This could not teach by focusing on the centroid itself and there is a problem of planting a miss concept to students. And therefore this writing suggests centroid must be taught according to its essence that centroid is 'a dot that forms equilibrium', and a justification method about this could be different.


Today many workers spend too much of their time translating their co-workers' requests into structures that information systems can understand. This paper presents the novel interaction design and evaluation of VIO, an agent that helps workers trans late request. VIO monitors requests and makes suggestions to speed up the translation. VIO allows users to quickly correct agent errors. These corrections are used to improve agent performance as it learns to automate work. Our evaluations demonstrate that this type of agent can significantly reduce task completion time, freeing workers from mundane tasks.


Data mining is an emerging area of computational intelligence that offers new theories, techniques, and tools for analysis of large data sets. The major techniques used in data mining are mining association rules, classification and clustering. Since these techniques are used individually, it is necessary to develop the methodology for rule extraction using a process of integrating these techniques. Rule extraction techniques assist humans in analyzing of large data sets and to turn the meaningful information contained in the data sets into successful decision making. This paper proposes an autonomous method of rule extraction using clustering and rough set theory. The experiments are carried out on data sets of UCI KDD archive and present decision rules from the proposed method. These rules can be successfully used for making decisions.


Abstract Industry currently fails to derive maximum benefit from ergonomics. This is mainly due to an imbalance between the large amount of ergonomie knowledge available and the limited amount actually applied. The use of the methodology of expert systems in ergonomics is one possibility for reducing this imbalance. This paper presents basic requirements for the development of expert systems. The particular requirements for the application of expert systems in ergonomics are also derived. Finally, the stage of development of an expert system for assessing lifting and carrying tasks is presented, and practical examples for the application of the system are discussed.


In this research, a thermodynamic zero-dimensional model has been done to predict performance characteristics (in-cylinder pressure, heat released, and the thermal efficiency) of a diesel engine with the use of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80, and B100) at different compression ratios (14, 15, 16, 17, and 18). The corresponding mathematical and thermodynamic relationships have been solved in MATLAB. Based on the experimental tests, it was found that the developed model can predict the engine variables sufficiently. According to the results, the heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased for all fuel blends by an increase in the compression ratio. Moreover, with the increasing biodiesel amount in the fuel blend (up to 50%) heat release rate and the cylinder pressure increased but these variables have a reduction when biodiesel percentage increases from 50 to 100 due to the lower heating value of waste cooking oil methyl ester in comparison with neat diesel fuel. Moreover, according to the experimental tests, carbon monoxide emission was reduced when biodiesel proportion increased in the fuel blend but the nitrogen oxides emitted from the engine enhanced when biodiesel amount in the fuel mixture increased. According to the results, it can be concluded that B50 has better combustion characteristics among all fuel blends.


Japan is administratively divided into 47 prefectures. Since the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake ( the Kobe earthquake ), each prefecture has conducted the task on the new assessment of earthquake hazard on its entire region. The overall framework of this assessment basically consists of the following, regardless of prefectures: (1) geology and seismicity; (2) prediction of physical phenomina due to earthquakes — (a) ground motions, (b) soil liquefaction, (c) landslides, (d) tsunami; (3) prediction of damage potential — (a) buildings, (b) lifeline, (6) transportation, (d) fires and spreads; (4) impact on population — (a) deaths, (b) injuries, (c) suffers; (5) countermeasures — (a) emergency response and recovery, (b) mitigation of earthquake risk. This paper presents the above content.


The present work is an experience report that aimed to analyze an educational interaction in which arthropods were presented and experienced by a group of children at an art school in the city of Palotina (PR, Brazil). In order to sensitize students to arthropods, an emergency educational space for curiosity, affection and respect for these animals was provided. Data collection was carried out through observation, field diary and some materials produced at the meetings. After triangulation and data analysis, four aspects relevant to the study emerged, namely: curiosity; presence perception; local biodiversity and awareness through the senses.


This doctoral thesis emphasizes on the study of frustrated systems which form a very interesting class of compounds in physics. The technique used for the investigation of the magnetic properties of the frustrated materials is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). NMR is a very novel tool for the microscopic study of the spin systems. NMR enables us to investigate the local magnetic properties of any system exclusively. The NMR experiments on the different systems yield us knowledge of the static as well as the dynamic behavior of the electronic spins. Frustrated systems bear great possibilities of revelation of new physics through the new ground states they exhibit. The vandates AA'VO(PO4)2 [AA' ≡ Zn2 and BaCd] are great prototypes of the J1 − J2 model which consists of magnetic ions sitting on the corners of a square lattice. Frustration is caused by the competing nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest neighbor (NNN) exchange interactions. The NMR investigation concludes a columnar antiferromagnetic (AFM) state for both the compounds from the sharp peak of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) and a sudden broadening of the 31P-NMR spectrum. The important conclusion from our study is the establishment of the first H − P − T phase diagram of BaCdVO(PO4)2. Application of high pressure reduces the saturation field (Hs) in BaCdVO(PO4)2 and decreases the ratio J2/J1, pushing the system more towards a questionable boundary (a disordered ground state) between the columnar AFM and a ferromagnetic ground state. A pressure up to 2.4 GPa will completely suppress Hs. The Fe ions in the "122" iron-arsenide superconductors also sit on a square lattice thus closely resembling the J1 − J2 model. The 75As-NMR and Nulcear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) experiments are conducted in the compound CaFe2As2 prepared by two different heat treatment methods ("as-grown" and "annealed"). Interestingly the two samples show two different ground states. While the ground state of the "as-grown" sample shows a non-magnetic


The project development objective of the Sustainable Urban Transport Project for India is to remove institutional, policy, and financial barriers for implementing climate friendly sustainable urban transport policies and programs. Negative impacts include: interruption to traffic and increase of emissions from vehicles due to higher idling times; increase of noise levels due to idling and traffic snarls; pollution from construction camps, storage yards, and labor camps; conflict of uses in case of water; pollution due to material extraction from borrow and quarry areas to surrounding environment; drainage; waste disposal; dust rising and increase in particulate concentration in ambient air; risk of injury to workers; air pollution; and waste water for labor camps. Mitigation measures include: i) identification of relocation site in advance; ii) constraining construction activities to construction site only with adequate physical barriers while constructing close to natural; iii) precautions while operating equipment/machinery; iv) safety equipment for workers; v) waste to be disposed off at predestinated disposal sites and should be located away from habitation, natural habitats, catchments area of water bodies and arrangements should be made to avoid leach ate entering ground water; vi) restricting movement of machinery/equipment; vii) provision of diversion channels and/ or scheduling construction of culverts in dry months; viii) provision of impervious base to storage areas; ix) us of dust suppressants; and x) avoiding disposal of liquid wastes into natural water courses.


Interactions of women's employment/memployment status with selected variables of number of children, age of youngest child, marital status, educational attainment, age, and ethnic origin were discerned. An attempt was made to discover if the variables which influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor force are the same as those which influence her employment/unemployment status when actually in the labor force, The variables studied were influential in determining the employment/unemployment status of women. Some operated in both situa tions— labor force participation and employment/unemployment. Others operated in various combinations in determining employment/unemployment status, Telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of 119 women in the Tucson, Arizona, metropolitan area. One hundred and five were employed and 14 were unemployed. Data analysis utilized Kendall's rank correlation coefficient. At p < 0.01, employment probability increased at older age levels, and black women had a higher probability of employment than women of all other ethnic origins. At p < 0.05, single women had a higher probabili ty of employment than women of all other marital statuses; and higher educational attainment increased employment probability. Results of this research provide suggestions which could be used to advance the employment potential of women.


Since 20 years we have studied different circulatory problems and used with different substances as P32, K42, Th. B and Chromium51 labelled red cells as indicators. 1–2 cc of the patients own labelled blood has been injected. During the last 5 years we have applied this technique on studies of the cerebral blood flow and labelled the red cells especially with P32.


The curriculum reform constitutes one of the main conditions to ensure the quality in the Education system. The focus of this paper is to identify the factors, components and their relationships, which are the object of curriculum reform in the higher education system. This study is conducted in cooperation with the researchers of the European University of Tirana. This research has found a successful implementation of the curricula in this university. A structural element of this new model is the term/form "typology". So the organization of the subjects is realised not only respecting their classification in categories but also in the typology. The product of the reform is the creation of the three typologies, which are known in EUT as the subject group of Typology 1, the subject group of Typology 2 and the subject group of Typology 3. This is reflected in the regulatory documentation of the European University of Tirana along with the clear definition of the criteria, modalities for the organization manner of the lecture's hour in the classroom, together with the different training sessions with all academic personnel, guarantee the success of this new initiative. This reformation has had an effect in the review of all study programs, syllabuses and all documents related tot hose. This study brings logical and qualitative arguments on the productivity of this model. This model is a new one for all Albanian universities. From this point of view, this is not only an experience which should be shared among the universities in Albania, but also a model to be followed from them.


A microarray is a tool for analyzing the relative expression level of a gene by determining the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) present. Microarrays allow for quick and efficient analysis of the expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment. The microarray itself is usually a glass slide, nylon membrane, or silicone chip containing DNA samples of many genes that are attached in a regular pattern at fixed locations, representing an arrangement of genes in a small space (1). The DNA is spotted or synthesized directly onto the surface of the "support" (the general term for the slide membrane, or chip) (2). The spots themselves can be DNA, complementary DNA (cDNA), or oligonucleotides. An oligonucleotide, or "oligo," is a short fragment of a single-stranded DNA specific to a gene. Because the oligonucleotides or DNA have known sequences specific to a given gene, they are also called "probes." A "target" of the probe is the free nucleic acid sample, the identity and/or amount of which is being detected in the assay (2).


The term "quality software" refers to software that is easy to maintain and evolve. The presence of Anti-Patterns and Patterns is recognized as one of the effective ways to measure the quality of modern software systems. The paper presents an approach which supports the software analysis, development and maintenance, using techniques that generate the structure of Software Design Patterns, find Anti-Patterns in the code and perform Code Refactoring. The proposed approach is implemented in a software tool, which could support the real phases of software development and could be used for educational purposes, to support "Advanced Software Engineering" course.


In this paper a procedure is presented, created in the statistical program SPSS, that allows the analysis of bidimensional contingency tables when the relatively frequent situation of the presence of empty cells takes place.The program follows the algorithm described by Graf, Alf and Williams (1997). It is also presented an example of use of the proposed tool.


This paper aims to analyze Axel Honneth's contributions to the current debate on theories of justice, among which the main one is the search for normative pr...


Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a fairly recent addition to the analytical chemist toolkit for elemental analysis. Elemental MS/MS instruments have two mass filters with a collision/reaction cell (CRC) in between that can be used to effect desirable ion-molecule reactions. The key analytical advantage of this feature is that it allows for the in-line separation of analytes from isobaric interferences which would otherwise require lengthy off-line and sometimes complicated sample preparations, like ion exchange chemistry. It also enables in situ separations in cases where bench chemical separations are not possible, e.g., in laser ablation sampling. Instrumentation capable of elemental MS/MS have only been commercially available since 2012. In this talk, we will discuss our work in exploring the reactivity of 45 elements spanning almost all groups of the periodic table with N 2 O and CO 2 using the Agilent 8900 QQQ-ICP-MS. Reasonable correlations between independent Density Functional Theory (DFT) derived reaction enthalpies, calculated using NWChem, and the reaction data were found, showing that reactions typically proceed when thermodynamically allowed. Our work demonstrates the utility of two relatively new platforms (commercial elemental ICP-MS/MS and EMSL Arrows interface to the NWChem program suite developed at the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL) at the Pacific Northwest National Lab (PNNL)) for the study of a large number of elements simultaneously and within a very short period of time. The ease and rapidity of data collection and DFT calculations has potential to revolutionize the identification of targeted reaction chemistries to be leveraged for


Sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and linear stability of time independent age distributions in two species competition with age and time lagged density dependent mortality and fertility functions.


To th e Editor: I read with interest the article "Accuracy o f the triple test in the diagnosis o f palpable breast masses in Saudi females" by Al-Mulhim et al.1 I believe this article did not add anything new to what is already known as it is now well established that concordant triple testing of palpable breast masses is almost 100% accurate.2 Furthermore, it is quite worrying to submit any young female with a breast lump for mammographic examination. Although the authors did not elaborate on the age range o f their patients, it was quite clear that they have subjected all their 140 patients with a palpable breast lump, regardless o f age, to mammographic examination. It is well known that mammographic examination under the age o f 30 years is not recommended unless there is an absolute indication since the breast in women aged 30 to 40 years is relatively radiodense.2 In such patients ultrasonography of the breast will suffice and in experienced hands, it probably gives as sufficient information as the mammography. Since the introduction o f mass screening programs in Europe and N orth America, there has been an increase in the rate o f excision biopsy o f benign breast lesions.3 Moreover, there is an increased radiation risk in a radiosensitive group o f patients such as women bearing a m utation o f breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and elderly females on hormonal replacement therapy.4 Also such liberal utilization o f the mammographic service in a ministry o f health hospital results in massive increase in workload to already overstretched resources and increases health care utilization and costs.5 O ne always tries to teach the junior surgeons not to liberally request a mammogram for every female who walks into the surgical clinic with a breast lump unless there is an absolute indication. It is not at all uncom m on to find young surgical trainees requesting mammograms for patients aged 18 to 20 years with definitive fibroadenomas. It is such improper practice that we need to eradicate from the m ind o f our young surgeons. By promoting the liberal use of mammography, such an article certainly does not help in doing so!