Norberte P. Giannini and Elisabeth K. V. Kalko Giannini, N. P. and Kalko, E. K. V. 2004. Trophic structure in a large assemblage of phyllostomid bats in Panama. - Oikos 105: 209-220. Bats of the family Phyllostomidae are fundamental components of Neotropical mammalian diversity and display the greatest dietary diversity seen in any mammalian family. We studied trophic structure in a species-rich local assemblage of phyllostomids for which dietary data were collected during 10 years on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Correspondence analysis of > 3800 dietary records from 30 syntopic species showed a structure supporting traditional divisions of animalivorous and phytophagous phyllostomids. Putatively omnivorous species actually grouped among the latter. Phytophagous phyllostomids separated into Pi>er-specialists. Ficus- specialists, and eclectic plant eaters which in turn were the main consumers of flower products. Discrete dietary groups were compatible with several clades of the two current phylogenetic hypotheses of phyllostomids. We show that the trophic structure of the local contemporary assemblage is largely conservative with respect to traceable ancestral habits, strongly suggesting that overall trophic structure was likely determined historically. N. P. Giannini, Dept of Mammalogy, Am. Mus. ofNat. Hist., Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA (email@example.com). - E. K. V. Kalko, Dept of Experimental Ecology (Bio III), Univ. of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Alle 11, DE-89069 Ulm, Germany. EKVK also at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 2072, Balhoa, Panama. Assemblages of Neotropical rainforest bats show general patterns of species composition and rank abundance. Local assemblages studied so far are dominated by phyllostomids - leaf-nosed bats of the New World family Phyllostomidae (Brosset and Charles-Dominique 1990, dos Reis and Muller 1995, Ascorra et al. 1996, Kalko et al. 1996a, Bernard 1997, 2001, Kalko 1997, Simmons and Voss 1998, Kalko and Handley 2003, Bernard and Fenton 2002). The community importance of phyllostomids goes far beyond that compositional contribution, as phyllostomids play crucial functional roles as arthropod and vertebrate predators (Humphrey et al. 1983, Medellin 1988) and dispersers of seeds and pollen (van der Pijl 1941, 1956, 1957, 1972, Dobat and Peikert-HoUe 1985, Fleming 1988, 1991, Handley et al. 1991, von Heiversen 1993, Kalko 1997, Proctor et al. 1996). Phyllostomids represent the most diverse family not only of bats but also of mammals as a whole with respect to feeding habits (Gardner 1977, Findley 1993, Ferrarezi and Gimenez 1996, Kalko et al. 1996a, Freeman 2000, Wetterer et al. 2000). In recent classifications of trophic groups based on studies carried out on Barro Colorado Island, Republic of Panama (hereafter BCI), phyllosto- mids were the exclusive members of six out of 10 bat guilds (Kalko et al. 1996a, Schnitzler and Kalko 1998). Guild definition was based on three categories: foraging habitats, foraging mode, and predominant diet. The first category refers to the acoustic environment of the echolocating bat (uncluttered, background cluttered. Accepted 7 September 2003 Copyright © OIKOS 2004 ISSN 0030-1299


MBFP(Motor Boiler Feed-water Pump)of Zhuhai power plant unit 2 encountered excessive shaft vibration(X/Y side)during periodically start up test.Therefore ZHPS technique analyze the vibration of MBFP under variable load condition,variable H/C(hydraulic couple)demand.It is concluded that the vibration of the MBFP is aroused by the higher different temperature of MBFP upper/lower barrel metal.A treatment is made based on the analytical result and satisfactory result is obtained.Eliminate the defect that MBFP could not in good standby condition.


ROCKVILLE, Md. -- The FDA said today it has approved aliskiren (Tektuma), the first oral direct renin inhibitor for treatment of hypertension.


The present invention discloses a system fingerprint information based on the utterance and the utterance method, belonging to the electronic technical field. The system comprising: a fingerprint sensor for fingerprint information through the fingerprint sensor orientation of the user's scanned fingerprint scan the user; obtaining module, configured to obtain, according to the orientation of the fingerprint information and the fingerprint information corresponding to the music orientation instruction; utterance means for playing music according to the music instruction. The present invention is to obtain a fingerprint sensor senses a user's fingerprint by the position information acquisition module, thereby obtaining the corresponding music according to an instruction fingerprint orientation information, adds entertainment function on the basis of the existing fingerprint sensor; due to play music by the operation reaction made fingerprint sensor, thus breaking the original fingerprint sensing device of a single model, making fingerprint sensing device more interesting, and yet safe.


Increased consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is believed to increase the risk for the development and progression of VCID, but the underlying mechanisms of how HFD leads to cognitive impairment are unclear, partly due to the use of different HFD models in preclinical studies. Palmitic acid (PA), the most common form of saturated fatty acid, found in the human cerebrospinal fluid in obesity, promotes disruption of BBB integrity. We hypothesized that a PA-rich diet mediates early disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity which leads to progressive neurovascular pathologies and cognitive impairment in VCID.

 Methods:
 Experimental design for
 in vivo
 studies is depicted in Fig 1.
 In vitro
 studies included assessment of endothelial integrity by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC measurements, cell viability, and expression levels of tight junction proteins and cell stress markers (Hsp70, Occludin1, Claudin 5, and Carnitine Palmitoyl transferase 1A -CTP1A) in male BMVECs cultured in normal and high PA conditions.

 Results (Table):
 Animals that were on the PA-rich diet exhibited risk-taking behavior. BMVECs showed significantly increased permeability of FITC-dextran and decreased TEER measurements. While Hsp70 and CTP1A increased with PA treatment, tight junction protein levels did not change.

 Conclusion:
 A special PA-rich diet mediates an anxiety-like behavior as early as 8 weeks without any metabolic effects. Assessments at 22 and 24W will determine whether behavioral dysfunction worsens and progresses to cognitive deficits. In vitro results suggest that initiation of the stress response may be the underlying mechanism of early BBB impairment. Modulation of the endothelial stress response may prevent/attenuate the development/progression of cognitive deficits induced by a PA-rich diet.


IUU fishing has become a lucrative business activity for highly organised fishing entities. Whilst the 1990s were shaped by recognition of the increasing problem of IUU fishing and the formulation of international responses, the new millennium has witnessed a shift in the character of the IUU fishery. Corporate entities have long been involved in marine fisheries. However, a criminal element, characterised by a demonstrated commitment to evading international, regional and national laws, has become apparent in recent years. Fishing grounds in the Southern Ocean have been particularly hard hit by IUU fishing. Remote and hostile seas, practical difficulties associated with conducting surveillance in such seas and the perceived low risk of detection have combined to produce an environment conducive to IUU fishing. Low penalties and high returns have further encouraged IUU fishers to the Southern Ocean. The availability of high economic returns in a low-risk environment has attracted the entry of corporate criminals into IUU fishing. This paper reviews the evidence relating to arrested IUU vessels in the Southern Ocean and concludes that their practice is increasingly corporate and increasingly criminal.


A new growth function, which is flexible enough in shape to accommodate most biological growth behavior, is created by adding an expanding factor to the Weibull distribution function. Many monotonically increasing biological growth phenomena can be excellently modelled by this function with various numerical values for the scale, the shape, and the upper asymptote parameters. The function is illustrated with height–age and volume–age curves for single trees and two polymorphic stand volume–age curves.


In previous studies it has been observed that herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and great black-backed gulls (L. marinus) depredated breeding black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that nest along the southeastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada. However, the causes and effects of large gull predation on kittiwakes was never extensively investigated nor quantified. In this study, herring gull and great black-backed gull predation on black-legged kittiwakes at Gull Island, southeastern Newfoundland was quantified at four study plots in relation to the timing of the annual spawning arrival of capelin (Mallotus villosus), the size of kittiwake sub-colonies (number of nests), kittiwake nest-site characteristics, and wind conditions. I also investigated the impact of large gull predation on kittiwake breeding performance during 1998 and 1999. -- I compared large gulls' predation attempt frequency among three periods: before mean gull hatching, between mean gull hatching and the arrival of capelin, and following capelin arrival. In both years, the frequency of gull predation attempts on kittiwakes differed significantly among the three periods, with highest levels of predation occurring after gull chicks hatched but before capelin arrival. Overall gull predation attempt levels were lower in 1999, when capelin spawned earlier, than in 1998. -- Nesting density and the location on the cliff were kittiwake nest-site characteristics that affected significantly the risk of predation. Breeding success (number of successful nests) was influenced by nesting density and ledge width. Additionally, I found that both risk of predation and breeding success varied significantly among plots. Individual kittiwake nests at the smallest plot experienced a higher probability of attack by large gulls than nests at larger plots. Hence, the percentage of failed nests was highest at the smallest plot and decreased as the size of the plots increased. Regardless of wind conditions both gull species attacked nest sites located on upper parts to a higher likelihood than sites located on middle and lower parts of the cliffs. However, during calm conditions, roofs over nest sites reduced the risk of predation by herring gulls, whereas sites located on narrow ledges were less likely to be attacked by great black-backed gulls. During windy conditions, nesting density affected which sites were attacked by great black-backed gulls. -- The level of gull predation behaviour was significantly correlated with the percentage of kittiwake eggs and chicks that disappeared within a week. I estimated that 43% of kittiwake eggs and chicks at Gull Island were taken by gulls in 1998 and 30% in 1999. My results demonstrated that kittiwakes have been indirectly (through increased predation by gulls) affected by the delayed arrival and lower abundance of capelin, and that kittiwake nest-site characteristics, and the size of a sub-colony were significantly correlated with the risk of depredation.


Due to curcinogcnicity, the use of carbon tetrachloride has been banned in the research and annlysis laboratories in a number of countries. Hence, a suitable solvent system needs to he investigated and brought into practice Ior determination of iodine values. The alternative solvent (cyclohcxane) recommended by AOCS cd Ib-tn. forms emulsions which arc difficult to titrate. effecting the precision of the results. Thus. six organic solvents and their mixtures as alternative solvents tor determinations were investigated. The iodine values obtained were comparable to those obtained hy using cvclohcxanc as the solvent. When a mixture of two solvents was used it was found that a mixture of a non-protonic solvent and a protonic solvent resulted in lower iodine values comparable to those obtained by using pure cyclohexane as the solvent. The results obtained through various solvent systems appeared to be very satisfactory and distinctive as recommended hy many researchers. The study is directed towards avoiding the use of hazardous solvents and encouraging the use of solvents with increased safety and precision for IV determination.


Introduction: Since implementation of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP), readmission rates have declined among Medicare patients hospitalized with conditions targeted by the policy ...


The article analyses the basic characters, patterns, conception innovation, systemic innovation, technical innovation, managing innovation, cultural innovation of the service in the hospital. It also covers the main content of the innovation of hospital service. The hospital innovation service should catch the innovation chance, and insist on taking the human being as the foundation", raise the staff members' quality, encourage their enthusiasm of taking part in the activities of innovation, establish and improve the mechanism of management and function of service in hospital.


With the aim of manufacturing composite material products of a specified quality at minimum cost, a generic concept has been developed in order to optimize the 'cold' diaphragm forming (DF) process with respect to cost effectiveness. To this end, cost analysis of components produced using the DF technique is performed. The analysis is based on the principles of Activity Based Costing methodology, and is fully parametric, as far as, the process parameters of DF are concerned. Using available industrial and simulation cost and process data, Cost Estimation Relationships (CERs) are developed for all sub-processes of the DF process. The cost analysis has shown that the most cost-and time-consuming sub-processes (apart from the 'material supply' and the NDI sub-process which includes dimension measurements, C-Scan inspection etc) are 'preparation of the tool' and 'preparation of the material' respectively. Finally, the developed cost estimation software tool (LCAT) is applied for the optimal definition of the process parameters with respect to quality and cost.


The aim of this chapter is to examine how the concept of taxation, as we understand it today, developed from the mass of new ideas that came out of the era known as "The Enlightenment" (c.1688-1800). Such ideas influenced thinking about taxation in England into the nineteenth century particularly, and many remain with us today. The Enlightenment was an age that saw the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789), in both of which taxation played a significant part, and which events deeply effected the thinking of English writers of all kinds, whether political, legal, economic or philosophical. During these years the relationship between citizen and government was the particular focus of discussion by writers such as John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine and Jeremy Bentham. There was also considerable cross-fertilisation of ideas between them and their European and American counterparts.

This chapter is a preliminary examination of the ideas of some of the English, Scottish and Irish writers of the Enlightenment period to reveal contemporary thinking about taxation, and to assess its relevance today, as taxation remains a topic firmly rooted at the heart of that citizen-government relationship.


The residual resistivity for 156 dilute alloys of 19 hosts of different groups of the periodic table has been studied on the basis of the single parametric model potential formalism. Ashcroft's empty core model (EMC) potential is explored for the first time with five different local field correction functions, viz, Hartree (H), Taylor (T), Ichimaru–Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F), and Sarkar et al. (S) to investigate the effect of the exchange and correlation on the aforesaid properties. The comparison of the presently computed outcomes with the available theoretical and experimental data is highly encouraging. The investigation of residual resistivity is found to be quite sensitive to the selection of local field correction function, showing a significant variation with the change in the function.


Clustering is increasing in importance, but linear-and even constant-time clustering algorithms are often too slow for real-time applications. A simple way to speed up clustering is to speed up the distance calculations at the heart of clustering routines. We study two techniques for improving the cost of distance calculations, LSI and truncation, and determine both how much these techniques speed up clustering and how much they aaect the quality of the resulting clusters. We nd that the speed increase is signiicant while | surprisingly | the quality of clustering is not adversely aaected. We conclude that truncation yields clusters as good as those produced by full-proole clustering while ooering a signiicant speed advantage.


Presently,college Chinese curriculum has met some difficult problems,and the major reasons are the unqualified teaching faculties,utility tendency of learning attitude and the monotone of assessment.With the efforts of college Chinese teachers,these problems are being solved effectively and the curriculum will have a bright prospect.


The objective of this study was to determine whether direct induction of Klf15 expression by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the lung regulates downstream effects of glucocorticoids on pulmonary gene expression. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays to identify two functional GR binding sites in the Klf15 locus through which the GR directly induces Klf15 expression in airway epithelial cells. Microarray‐based expression profiling comparing wild type and Klf15−/− mice showed that ~ 5% of gene expression changes in the lung after 8 hours of dexamethasone treatment depend on Klf15 activity. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the set of GR:Klf15 target genes is enriched for genes involved in metabolism and mitochondrial function. We conclude that direct induction of Klf15 in the lung by GR regulates the expression of a gene subset implicated in pulmonary metabolism and mitochondrial function. We speculate that local modulation of metabolic activity in the lung through the GR:Klf15 axis plays a crucial role in modulating energy mobilization and utilization in the lung during stressors such as infection or starvation. Supported by NIH/NHLBI P30HL101294.


First-principles calculations are performed on magnetic multidomain structures in the $\mathrm{SmFe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ rare-earth orthoferrite compound. We focus on the magnetic symmetry breaking at (001)-oriented antiphase domain walls, treating magnetism in the simplest (collinear) approximation without any relativistic (spin-orbit coupling) effects. We found that the number of $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers inside the domains determines the electrical nature of the whole system: multidomains with odd number of layers are paraelectric, while multidomains with even number of layers possess an electric polarization aligned along $b$ axis and a resulting multiferroic $Pmc{2}_{1}$ ground state. Our ab initio data and model for ferroelectricity induced by spin order reveal that this polarization is of the improper type and originates from an exchange striction mechanism that drives a polar displacement of the oxygen ions located at the magnetic domain walls. Additional calculations ratify that this effect is general among magnetic perovskites with an orthorhombic $\mathrm{SmFe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{like}$ structure.


A schematic of a new 64-bit adder is pre- sented in this paper. This adder uses the Manchester Carry Chain carry lookahead modules with spans of 4,3, and 2. Only the first level has intermediate outputs. Unlike carry-ripple adders at the output of the Spanning Tree Carry Lookahead Adder(SPT)(l,t) and the Recur- sive Carry-LookaheadCarry-Select Hybrid Adder (RCS)(3), the proposed Irregular Parallel-Prefix WP) adder provided parallel addition at the output thus signif- icantly reducing the number of transistors with a prom- ising compatible speed. This wifl cause a considerabIe improvement in cost-performance. Without a carry-skip circuit, this adder also works well with a carry-in of "1" based on Brent-Kung and Tyagi's lemmas (4$). Because the IPP adder is unidirectional, it is more appropriate for pipeline implementation. Preliminary simulation results by Mentor Graphics at static gate-level have indicated that IPP adders are faster than Tyagi's 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit Select-Prefix Adders(5). SPICE simulation at a transistor-level for a 16-bit IPP adder shows a speed of 1.756 ns. It reduces the transistor-count approximately by 21% compared to the RCS adder(3) and by 18% com- pared to the SPT adder( 1,2).


Summary In an outspoken right-handed person a right-sided brain lesion, probably in the parietal region, produced a left-sided hemi-paresis. in which the hand and fingers were almost completely paralysed, with atrophy at the small hand muscles, sensory loss in the hand and fingers, finger agnosia, difficulties in distinguishing the left hand and fingers from those of someone else, and in recognizing these as part of herself under test conditions. A disintegration has thus been found in the functional as well as in the representational sphere, whereby the left hand has lost for the patient more or less the characteristics of a specific organ. Constructional disturbances, acalculia, malappreciation of the defective function were associated with this disorder; personality and memory defects were present. The problem of dominant and non-dominant hemisphere has been discussed.


Digital Image Processing has been widely implemented in Medical Imaging. Various branches of medical science are using digital image processing as an extensive process to visualize and extract more details from the image. Quality enhancement of medical images can be performed with the help of various techniques. Contrast Enhancement is one of the most acceptable methods for enhancement of medical images. Different contrast enhancement methods like Contrast Stretching, Histogram Equalization, AHE, CLAHE are already available. Method selection depends on characteristics of image. This paper works on low contrast MRI images and presents a hybrid methodology for image enhancement. Results of the proposed algorithm have been compared against the existing major contrast enhancement techniques and Region Based Adaptive Contrast Enhancement (RBACH) on both qualitative and quantitative basis.


Background: The diabetic heart has an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease with alterations in cardiac metabolism considered an important contributor. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a key regulatory enzyme in the metabolism of glucose and its activity is reduced in diabetes. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a potent activator of PDH and it has previously been shown to normalise blood glucose levels in diabetes. However, its effects on in vivo PDH flux and the relationship with cardiac function have not been explored.


Abstract: We have used biologically active derivatives of β‐nerve growth factor (NGF), modified by biotinylation via carboxyl groups, to target the specific binding of liposomes to cultured rat and human tumor cells bearing NGF receptors. Liposomes, to be used for targeting, were prepared by conjugating streptavidin to phospholipid amino groups on liposomes prepared by reverse‐phase evaporation. Approximately 2,000 streptavidin molecules were incorporated per liposome. Addition of biotinylated NGF, but not of unmodified NGF, could mediate the subsequent binding of radiola‐beled streptavidin‐liposomes to rat pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells in suspension at 4°C. In contrast, incubation with biotinylated NGF did not mediate the binding of hemoglobin‐conjugated liposomes. Under optimal incubation conditions, approximately 570 streptavidin‐liposomes were specifically bound per cell. Biotinylated NGF was also used to obtain specific binding of streptavidin‐liposomes containing encapsulated fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran to PC12 cells or human melanoma HS294 cells. When HS294 cells were incubated at 37°C following targeted liposome binding at 4°C, the cell‐associated fluorescence appeared to become internalized, displaying a perinu‐clear pattern of fluorescence similar to that observed when lysosomes were stained with acridine orange. Trypsin treatment abolished cell‐associated fluorescence when cells were held at 4°C but did not alter the fluorescence pattern in cells following incubation at 37°C. When liposomes containing carboxyfluorescein, a dye capable of diffusing out of acidic compartments, were targeted to HS294 cells, subsequent incubation at 37°C resulted in diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence, suggesting that internalized liposomes encounter ly‐sosomal or prelysosomal organelles.


ALMOST 400,000 shots of poliomyelitis vaccine were given in a mass immunization campaign in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1957. From the inception of the campaign, arising from pressures of various civic groups early in 1957, until its end in July of that year, streams of people passed through clinics in schools, churches, department stores, and other places to receive their injections. A total of 116,710 vaccine injections were given at clinics held in 127 schools, 25 churches, and 40 industrial firms, business offices, and stores. In addition, 275,130 injections were given in the offices of private physicians. Altogether, 62 percent of the city's residents were immunized. The Salt Lake County Medical Society sponsored the vaccination program and appointed me as coordinator. Scheduling of clinics for all schools was begun at once through my office. Within 4 weeks all the schools and businesses that sought vaccination for their employees were accommodated. The nurses alnd equipment were supplied by the Salt Lake City and County Health Departments. The first clinics were arranged for 500 employees of a major department store and for a junior hiigh school where two students had died of poliomyelitis in 1956. For the school clinic, the PTA purchased vaccine from a local druggist at the commercial rate until it could be bought at the institutional price directly from drug firms. The second school clinic was sponsored by a local Lion's Club. Newspaper and radio publicity resulted in a crowd of 2,450 persons. The challenge here was to obtain enough syringes so that there would be a separate one for each person. The city health department had only 1,500 syringes. Four hundred more, relics of the poliomyelitis pioneer programs, were found in the basement of the State Capitol. All hospitals were asked to have syringes ready in case of need. Since the second clinic was to last from 6 p.m. until 10 p.m., the first 300 syringes used were cleaned, packed, and rushed to a nearby hospital for autoclaving and were returned for the last hour. The problem of syringes continued to be the knottiest one of all throughout the campaign. Disposable syringes were too expensive: at 18 cents per unit, it would have meant $180 in the waste basket for every 1,000 persons injected. Interchangeable 2 cc. syringes were best. Dr. Hingson's jet-injector, which injects 900 persons per hour would have been ideal, but it was not then available.


The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions is susceptible to non-linear distortion caused by power amplifier (PA) saturation. In this work, we propose a novel technique, using residual neural networks and soft clipping, to deterministically limit the peak amplitude of the signal, thus lowering its PAPR and circumventing PA distortion. We show that the proposed solution is capable of significantly reducing PAPR and in-band distortion, while obeying a spectral mask. Furthermore, we show that the neural network is able to generalize for a range of peak amplitudes, thus eliminating the need to re-train the network when the requirement changes.


The principle of proportionality in tax law as an EU and constitutional standard may play an important role in the interpretation of tax law. The principle of proportionality is associated with moderation of the activities of public authorities and minimization of their interference in the sphere of rights and freedoms. The principle of proportionality is also called the principle of commensurability, moderation, and adequacy. The article analyses the impact of the proportionality principle in tax law on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The case law of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court uses the principle of proportionality when interpreting tax law, and the judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Polish Constitutional Tribunal have a significant impact on the jurisprudence of administrative courts in Poland.


The present invention relates to a porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine for protecting a subject, preferably swine, against diseases associated with porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The present invention further relates to methods of producing immunogenic compositions as well as such immunogenic compositions exhibiting reduced virucidal activity.


The coexistence of diabetes insipidus (D.I.) and pregnancy is rare. Sixty-seven cases are reviewed, including one of our own. The condition tends to become worse in pregnancy, labor appears unaffected and lactation appears to lead to an improvement in D.I. Theories are discussed to account for the effect of pregnancy on D.I.


the work before him, would have been helpful and well-suited to Hijiya-Kirschnereit's own concern with readers. Perhaps difference in national styles as regards academic argumentation is to blame, but to the reviewer's taste far too much of the monograph is devoted to the plotting and reviewing of its own course, to self-justification by the author, to discussion of quotations pulled slightly out of context or taken from tertiary (at best) sources, to repetition, or simply to belabouring the obvious. Assertions that one would have thought needed scarcely to be made are presented as bold. Characteristically, a stray remark by a senior Western scholar gives rise to tut-tutting because it demonstrates the "circumstantiality" and "vagueness" which Hijiya-Kirschnereit thinks Japanologists feel constrained to exhibit when asserting the relation of social history to literature; but in fact since the sentence quoted (p. 9) appeared originally in the review of a much-heralded publication by a scholar with whom its writer was personally acquainted, the circumspection, if any, might as plausibly be attributed to the writer's wish to deal mildly with the work of a friend. And it is disappointing, at the end, to be handed with much ceremony such well-worn keys to Japanese behaviour and culture as amae and makoto. That this should be the outcome is perhaps inevitable, but one might ask for more brevity or subtlety in the presentation. Motoori Norinaga was not a Confucian (p. 90) nor is Kokon chomonju a collection of "folktales" (p. 243), and Hijiya-Kirschnereit is not at her best in discussing pre-modern Japanese tradition, even though she is in general right in her view of its contributions to the aesthetic of shishosetsu. Despite these reservations, the book may be heartily recommended. There is an English summary, but it does not replace a reading of the text. The bibliography aspires to completeness and should prove extremely helpful to future researchers but is missing at least one major item: Janet A. Walker's The Japanese novel of the Meiji period and the ideal of individualism (Princeton, 1979). MARIAN URY.


As environmental concerns grow, obesity rates rise, and people become further distanced from nature, some activists and public health advocates are encouraging the use of more physical modes of transportation over driving. The limited literature on commuters' transit decisions mainly focuses on adults living in urbanized environments while paying scant attention to driving-aged teenagers, despite the importance of their daily commutes to school. Because this group is at a pivotal point in the transition to adulthood, it is likely that their decisions and behavior at this stage of life will have long-term implications for their routines concerning exercise, diet, health, transportation, and regard for the environment. Using quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires, focus groups, and public sources, as well as Levels of Traffic Stress mapping models, this study examines the factors that shape high school students' methods of transportation to and from school. The researcher found that infrastructure and perceptions of safety are highly associated with high school students' mode use, while environmental concern and self-esteem are not. The article concludes with other possible motivators of mode usage and ideas for future research. This article is available in Perspectives: https://scholars.unh.edu/perspectives/vol9/iss1/2 Student Commuters: Unpacking the Factors Influencing How High School Students Travel to School Abstract As environmental concerns grow, obesity rates rise, and people become further distanced from nature, some activists and public health advocates are encouraging the use of more physical modes of transportation over driving. The limited literature on commuters' transit decisions mainly focuses on adults living in urbanized environments while paying scant attention to driving-aged teenagers, despite the importance of their daily commutes to school. Because this group is at a pivotal point in the transition to adulthood, it is likely that their decisions and behavior at this stage of life will have long-term implications for their routines concerning exercise, diet, health, transportation, and regard for the environment. Using quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires, focus groups, and public sources, as well as Levels of Traffic Stress mapping models, this study examines the factors that shape high school students' methods of transportation to and from school. The researcher found that infrastructure and perceptions of safety are highly associated with high school students' mode use, while environmental concern and self-esteem are not. The article concludes with other possible motivators of mode usage and ideas for future research. Background Seventeen years into the 21st Century, the citizens of the industrialized world experience the influence of technology in almost every sphere of their lives, including recreation, politics, home life, work life, and transportation. As we take new technological developments as commonplace, especially in the sphere of transportation, we may not think twice about how modernization affects our safety, our social lives, or the well-being of the environment. Some impacts of modern transportation systems include growing obesity rates, a rise in chronic illnesses, and alarm over "nature deficit disorder" (Louv 2008; Sandry 2013). Though most people in seacoast New Hampshire have some degree of choice about where they live, work, and go to school, much of modern American life is predicated on automobile-based transportation and related infrastructure. 1 Chase: Student Commuters: Unpacking the Factors Influencing How High Sch Published by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository, 2017 Recent research suggests that Millennials may be shifting away from single-user automobile use. Sivak and Schoettle (2011) find that young people are less likely than their parents to have their license. From 1983 to 2010, licensure among people 30 years old and younger has decreased significantly (Sivak and Schoettle 2011). What influences some people to go against the norm of using cars to travel to their destination? To investigate this, I applied for a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF). My study provided insight into the relationships of student characteristics and transportation mode choices. I looked specifically at how environmental concern, self-esteem, peer influence, infrastructure, and perceptions of safety affect high school students' choices of transportation. My study differentiates passive and active modes of transportation. Passive transportation includes modes that do not take physical effort, such as driving or riding the bus, while active modes of transportation are those that take direct personal energy from the traveler, such as walking or bicycling. Not surprisingly, most people depended heavily on passive modes in their day-to-day lives. Study Approach I approached data collection in two ways: (1) a questionnaire and (2) a series of focus groups. I sampled students from three semi-rural high schools in the seacoast New Hampshire region: Newmarket High School (NHS), Oyster River High School (ORHS), and Winnacunnet High School. These schools differed in student enrollment and geographic area. Juniors and seniors from each school took the questionnaire. Due to a low response rate (less than 20%), I omitted Winnacunnet from both the questionnaire and focus group analyses. I had to first week the approval of the Institutional Review Board at the University of New Hampshire to ensure 2 Perspectives, Vol. 9 [2017], Iss. 1, Art. 2 https://scholars.unh.edu/perspectives/vol9/iss1/2 minimal risk for human subjects during participation in the questionnaires and focus groups. As part of the approval process, I sent out waivers to inform parents and students of what the study would involve to obtain their agreement to participate. The questionnaire included 44 questions total, some of which were formatted in matrices to find out students' commuting mode frequencies, perceived peer perceptions of each mode choice, and environmental concern. It also included Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg 1965), which has been used as a reliable measure of an individual's self-esteem categorized in levels of low, normal, and high, based on responses to 10 questions. The focus groups consisted of an activity-based discussion, modified from David Wulff's Faith-Q Set (Wulff 2009). Wulff's method uses a series of statements, which the interviewee places on a continuum ranging from strong negative association to strong positive association. After the interviewee finishes the activity, the interviewer asks open-ended questions based on the layout of the statements. For the focus groups in my study, I planned to ask the students, as a group, to arrange nine statements in order from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The statements were printed on slips of paper. Examples of these statements include "Our school is accessible by bike, foot, or skateboard" and "Students at our school are conscious of their impact on the environment." As the researcher, I remained hands-off during the statement sorting activity, but recorded the audio of the conversation, which I later transcribed. After the students organized the statements, I led a discussion based on their arrangement. The Oyster River focus group took place during a short advisory period of 20 minutes, leading me to omit the statement sorting activity. While avoiding leading questions, I asked students to elaborate on themes that arose in my preliminary analysis of the questionnaire data. 3 Chase: Student Commuters: Unpacking the Factors Influencing How High Sch Published by University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository, 2017 Both questionnaires and focus groups took place in the spring of 2016 at NHS, while the questionnaires were in the spring and focus groups were in the fall of 2016 at ORHS. This gap between the questionnaires and focus groups at Oyster River allowed me to analyze some of the survey data before facilitating the focus group. I faced a series of challenges with the data that I collected. A set of questions regarding the frequency that students use certain modes of transportation (bike, walk, drive, etc.) left room for interpretation on how to answer. Instead of circling "never" if a student never biked, respondents often left the question blank. I did not know if I could interpret this lack of response as the student not using that mode, or just not wanting to the answer the question. To address this, I assumed the student meant that they "never" used that mode choice if they circled "daily" for another mode choice. I consulted my faculty advisor as an experienced resource to find ways to make up for setbacks such as these. In the future, I would ask students to report what percentage of the time they used each mode choice to have more precise results and to avoid ambiguity. Findings Through analysis of the questionnaires, I can conclude that neither a student's environmental concern nor self-esteem were correlated to mode of transportation. In the sample of Newmarket and Oyster River students, 44.48% had high environmental concern, yet only 19.93% of students took an active mode of transportation at least weekly. I also found no relationship between Rosenberg's measure of self-esteem and use of active or passive modes of transportation. This disconnect suggests that factors other than environmental concern and selfesteem must have had a stronger influence on how students decided to commute to school. 4 Perspectives, Vol. 9 [2017], Iss. 1, Art. 2 https://scholars.unh.edu/perspectives/vol9/iss1/2 The data showed that factors of infrastructure and safety were correlated to students' mode choice. Distance, school accessibility, perceived parental concern, and perception of the safety of driving all have a significant relationship to whether or not students took an active or


In this article, I investigate the social organising of a process leading up to a Somali single parent I call Maryam receiving a letter from the Norwegian child protection services (CPS). Using institutional ethnography, I show how Maryam's experience is shaped by generalised, objectified understandings that transcend the relations she has at specific points in time; by what Dorothy Smith labels ruling relations. Based on Maryam's story about the process leading up to the letter from the CPS, but also on documents connected to her case and other interviews with her, I show how she is constructed as a mother lacking knowledge and needing help, and how she is constructed as a suspicious mother when she declines this help – and the role of generalising, objectifying understandings in this process.


Assessing Drug Safety in Children There are substantial gaps in evidence regarding the safety of many drugs in children. Increasingly, studies assessing drug safety can incorporate data obtained in...


In the present study, 210 tissue samples (70 each of muscle, liver and kidney) were analyzed for the presence of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos residues by high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detector. The study revealed that 5 (7.14%) of 70 muscle, 2 (2.85%) of 70 liver and none of 70 kidney tissues were detected positive fo α endosulfan residues. While, only 1 (1.42%) muscle tissue sample was, positive for β endosulfan residues. Seven (10.0%) muscle tissue, 6 (8.57%) liver and 2 (2.85%) kidney samples were found positive for endosulfan sulfate residues. Amongst all the samples analysed 5 (7.14%) muscle, 4 (5.71%) liver samples showed presence of chlorpyrifos and none of kidney tissues was found positive for chlorpyrifos. However, none of these positive samples for endosulfan and chlorpyrifos showed levels above the prescribed limits.


After a brief introduction of the SDSS-V optical instrumentation installed at the Apache Point 2.5m telescope, the presentation will be mainly focused onto the optical production and testing of the 3 large lenses (diameter 700-800mm) constituting the wide field optical corrector (WFC). Special emphasis will be made onto the measurement issues and solutions of the deep aspherical surfaces as well as the review of the specific anti-reflection (AR) coating with development of a dual band anti-reflective coating, carried out by Thales SESO-France. Before concluding, a dedicated paragraph will address on-sky imaging performances results with this new WFC. The presentation will conclude by a brief overview of the corresponding existing "state of the art" at Thales SESO for future manufacturing of similar or large optics for next generation of very wide field corrector.


Submitted for the GEC19 Meeting of The American Physical Society Fluid modeling of plasmas magnetized by electromagnetic waves DYLAN PEDERSON, LAXMINARAYAN RAJA, University of Texas at Austin — Strong electromagnetic resonance in cavity resonators and similar devices can lead to many configurations of resonant field enhancement. Some resonant modes lead to strongly enhanced electric fields, but there also exist modes in which the magnetic field enhancement dominates. The typical fluid model of gas breakdown and electromagnetic interaction does not account for magnetic fields, which can lead to significant differences between observed and numerically computed breakdown thresholds, as well as differences in post-breakdown plasma evolution. Starting from an expansion of the Boltzmann equation for charged particles, we develop an analytical model that captures how strong oscillating magnetic fields can affect the plasma evolution even for overdense plasmas. Certain parameter regimes are shown to have unexpected diffusion and drift behavior. We develop a breakdown model that incorporates the effects of both static and oscillating magnetic field energy deposition to electrons. The fluid model parameters are compared to swarm behavior in a particle-in-cell (PIC) computation. The resulting fluid model is used in conjunction with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to evaluate gas breakdown and plasma behavior in a magnetically resonant cavity. Dylan Pederson University of Texas at Austin Date submitted: 02 Jun 2019 Electronic form version 1.4


Figure S1. Internal agreement of MITO-MAP data and consistency with previously published interactions. (A and B) The set of 5,616 mutation pairs that were measured for both possible double mutant strain constructions (Query A x Array B and Query B x Array A) in both the new MITO-MAP data (see Table S4) and the dataset from Costanzo et al. (2010) were used for a comparison of internal consistency. Each plot shows the genetic interaction measurements from the corresponding dataset for each of these mutation pairs from the two independent double mutant strain constructions. The Pearson correlation coefficients for these scatter plots is 0.71 (MITO-MAP) and 0.39 (Costanzo et al., 2010). (C) Shown is a bar graph of cosine correlation coefficients between different measures of the quantitative genetic interactions for the same 5,616 mutation pairs analyzed in A and B. Bars correspond to MITO-MAP measurement 1 (i.e., Query A x Array B) versus MITO-MAP measurement 2 (Query B x Array A), SGA (Costanzo et al., 2010) measurement 1 versus SGA measurement 2, SGA measurements versus MITO-MAP measurements, the mean of SGA measurement 1 and SGA measurement 2 versus MITO-MAP measurement 1, and the mean of SGA measurement 1 and SGA measurement 2 versus the mean of MITO-MAP measurement 1 and MITO-MAP measurement 2. (D) A density-colored scatter plot of individual genetic interaction score measurements from the MITO-MAP versus score measurements for the corresponding mutation pairs in the Costanzo et al. (2010) dataset, including all 262,332 mutation pairs analyzed in both studies. (E) A precision-recall plot measuring the ability of individual genetic interaction score measurements from the MITO-MAP and the corresponding measurements of the same mutation pairs from Costanzo et al. (2010) to recapitulate previously published synthetic genetic interactions. The reference set of synthetic genetic interactions were those annotated as phenotypic enhancement, synthetic growth defect, or synthetic lethality in the BioGRID database (release 3.1.72).


The purpose of this study was through the fractal dimension analysis of an elite 100M ahtlete EMG signals before and after the competition. Results showed that the fractal dimension of athlete's EMG signals were apparently different at different training states. In addition the fractal dimension of athlete's EMG signals were identical at the different training loads. The fractal dimension of EMG signals from different muscle groups of the same athlete accomplishing the same movement were relatively stable.
However the fractal dimension of EMG signals at different contractile states of muscles were apparently different at the same training phase.


A circuit for driving a long coaxial cable is described. Its response characteristics permit impedance matching of the coaxial line without sacrificing linearity of response, and make possible a relatively long line between the particle detector and the recording apparatus. The circuit was found to be reasonably stable for long periods of time, even under severe outdoor operating conditions.


Characteristics of "typical loess landslide" is as follow:① distributing in the margin of loess platform(high terrace);② having the structure of bedrock at the bottom and the loess above;③ developing after longterm agriculture irrigation in the plane of loess platform;④ sliding along the nonseepage strata below loess strata;⑤ having a widen area at the front of loess landslide;⑥ not influence by earthquake.For this kind of landslides,20 valuable data are collected,which come from practical investigating and interrelated with sliding distance.Based on the mathematical statistic analysis,a forecasting model has been built.This model is provided with more factors in accordance with the sliding distance of landslide.With Yehugou loess landslide as an example,the calculated result of this model proved it to be a simple,valid and convenient method.


A new look at the theory of optical and physical measurements in the framework of the concept of "a priori" is presented. Its use for assessing the state of biological tissues and determining the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy is considered. It is shown how to quickly evaluate the parameters of the studied object in the absence of a priori information about the studied object and the impossibility of carrying out calibration procedures. The basis of the solutions is the combination of methods of regression analysis and approximation of the functional relationships of the recorded signals with the optical characteristics of the media.


A study of east Salina on West Caicos, British West Indies, has shown it to be the site of active gypsum and dolomite formation. East salina, 3 km long and 0.25 km wide, is situated in an elongate depression between Holocene oolitic dunes to the east and eolianite ridges of Pleistocene age to the west. The thickness of the Holocene sediment package in the salina ranges from 3 m in the center to less than 0.5 m at the edges. The salina sediments exhibit an overall restrictive-upward sequence which grades from open-marine packstone and grainstone at the base through algally laminated mud and into a gypsum mush in the uppermost part of the section. A thin algal mat encrusted with gypsum and ephemeral halite covers the salina surface. This sequence is virtually identical in scale and appearance to prograding sabkha sequences reported from the Persian Gulf. Carbonate phases present in these sediments include aragonite, high- and low-magnesium calcite, and protodolomite. Protodolomite is found as an alteration product in the open-marine sediments and within a thin, lithified Holocene basal layer that overlies laminated calichecrust on the underlying Pleistocene bed rock. Analyses of pore waters reveal that they approach normal marine salinitymore » at the base of the salina sequence and become hypersaline upward. Mineralogical changes in the salina sequence are reflected in the ionic character of the pore waters. Field observations indicate that interstitial water within the sequence is under hydraulic head and rises and falls with the tides.« less


This paper presents a nonlinear parameter optimization of closed-circuit cardiovascular models. We use animal trial data to fit the cardiovascular model and find optimized parameters. The model is programmed in Modelica, and we use JModelica for the optimization. We introduce a cost-efficient hardware in the loop test bench to design and evaluate controllers for left ventricular assist devices. The optimization results show that the chosen modeling approach is well suited to reflect the animal's physiological behavior in the chosen operating point. The results of an in vitro experiment prove that the cost-efficient hybrid mock loop is capable of creating the pressure boundaries for left ventricular assist devices.


This paper describes the trends in monolithic refractories echnology in terms of raw materials,binders and additives,water addition,installation and application,It is predicted that the application of unshaped refractories will be further extended in place of shaped refractories in the future.


An ultra wideband electromagnetic pulse forming method and system for implementing changes in the radiation method, ultrashort laser pulses output by the ultra-short pulse fiber laser source is triggered, the trigger plus the amplified bias voltage photoconductive switch, the bias power supply pulse and Super triggering short pulse fiber laser light synchronized photoconductive switch output ultrashort electric pulses to the ultrawideband antenna converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy, ultra wideband antenna radiation in space, form an ultra wideband electromagnetic pulse. The present invention solves the technical background of low degree of integration, bulky technical problems. The present invention is susceptible to high voltage picosecond pulse, electromagnetic pulse output frequency band, which frequency bands may reach 10 GHz to THz range, it can be applied to electronic countermeasures, the art ultra-wideband radar target detection.


We construct solvable models on the honeycomb lattice by combining three faces of the square lattice solvable models into a hexagon face. These models contain two independent, anisotropy controlling, spectral parameters and their transfer matrices with different spectral parameters commute with each other. At the critical point, the finite-size scaling of the transfer matrix spectrum for the honeycomb lattice models is written in terms of the quantities obtained from the finite-size scaling of the square lattice solvable models. We study in detail the phase transition properties of two models based on the interacting hard square model and the magnetic hard square model, respectively. The models, in general, can be extended to the IRF version of the Z-invariant models of Baxter.


A numerical semigroup is a cofinite subset of N0, containing 0, that is closed under addition.  Its genus is the number of nonnegative integers that are missing.  A numerical set is a similar object, not necessarily closed under addition.  If T is a numerical set, then A(T)={n in N0 : n+T is a subset of T} is a numerical semigroup.  Recently a paper appeared counting the number of numerical sets T where A(T) is a numerical semigroup of maximal genus.  We count the number of numerical sets T where A(T) is a numerical semigroup of almost-maximal genus, i.e. genus one smaller than maximal.


The Interview connects Bulletin readers with scholars who have been shaping key aspects of our work in the field. Chris Jones of Washburn University in Topeka, KS takes some time to chat with us. Many of you will know his work on Twitter and other social media platforms where he shares what he's learning and teaching in the classroom. Jones is no stranger to the shifting currents facing the education of scholars and students in the academic study of religion, so we are most pleased he could join us to discuss these and other matters.


Manet stands for mobile adhoc network. It is type of adhoc network in which nodes are mobile and connected with each other via wireless connection. In this research we evaluate performance of three routing protocols AODV(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing),DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)and DSDV(Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing).We evaluate performance of routing protocols based on performance metrics Packet Delivery Ratio(Pdr), End to end delay and Throughput while varying the number of nodes and speed. The simulation is performed through the simulation tool NS-2 (Network Simulator- 2) due to its open source simplicity and free availability.


Chronic lower extremity ulcers (CLEUs) represent a challenge for treatment, due to the slow tissue deterioration, high rate of recurrence and accompanying infections 1), as well as their high prevalence 2). The aetiology is variable, although it is accepted that 90% are of venous origin, 6% ischaemic, 3% mixed (arterial and venous), and the remaining 1% is attributed to other causes (lymphatic issues and/or vasculitis) 3, 4). The consensus for treating CLEUs prioritises the treatment of the original disease while providing local treatment at the same time. Understanding the aetiology plays a significant role in the choice of treatment. Local therapies use well-known pharmacological products, although the use of antibiotics is not recommended unless there is a well-documented infection 5). New clinical trials are also being carried out with topical treatments, using extracts of aloe vera/olive oil or Calendula officinalis 6 – 8). Laser therapy for CLEUs has been practised for over 35 years. Low-power density lasers were first used due to tissue photobiomodulation effects and capillary – arterial vasodilation effects 9). Later, CO2 and Er:YAG lasers were used in sub-ablative mode and the fractionated energy delivered varying results 10). The objective of this prospective study was to analyse the response of CLEUs to an Er:YAG 2940 nm laser equipped with a new optical system for energy Treatment of Chronic Lower Extremity Ulcers with A New Er:Yag Laser Technology


The invention discloses an analog-digital isolation and conversion circuit based on linear optical isolation and relates to an analog-digital (A/D) circuit design in the industrial control field. The circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a linear optical isolator, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, an A/D conversion chip and a microprogrammed control unit (MCU). The voltage stabilizing diode is respectively connected with the first operational amplifier and the linear optical isolator, the linear optical isolator is respectively connected with the first operational amplifier, the second operational amplifier, the first resistor and the second resistor, the second operational amplifier is connected with the third resistor to jointly form an amplifying circuit, and the second operational amplifier is further connected with the MCU through the A/D conversion chip. The front end of an input current loop does not need an independent power supply, power is directly obtained from the input current loop, an input current signal is converted into an optical signal to be isolated, electrical isolation can be achieved, required devices are few, the hardware cost can be reduced, a circuit structure can be simplified, and the area of a circuit board can be decreased.


We used a methacrylate polymer with two acid labile protective groups, mevalonic lactone and 2-methyl-2-adamantanol (Fig. 1), for a 193-nm resist.[1-4] The resist demonstrated high sensitivity and a high resolution as a single layer resist. In this paper, we investigated polar five protective groups in place of the lactone group to obtain necessary properties for good lithographic performance. We discuss the impact of the polarity and acid cleavability of the protective groups to make a good match to 2-methyl-2-adamantyl group. Among the selected protective groups, we found that 3-hydroxy-y-butyrolactone yielded acceptable lithographic performance.


This study examined the orientation of Youngrang's poetic world by considering the meaning constructed in images appearing in his poetry. In order to achieve this purpose, images made in the course of responding to the external world from the pure lyric world were divided into a pure unity image and an internal conflict image for analysis. Youngrang sings his own pure world of lyric with the image of nature such as 'the river' and 'the sky'. For Youngrang, nature is not a poetic material, but an image which projects his internal world and orientation. On the other hand, when he recognizes reality and the internal world of pure lyric is crashed into the external world of reality, an internal conflict image emerges. It can be examined through images such as 'saeam(spring)'and 'nunmul(tears)'. He shows the recognition of the external world by contrasting with his soul through 'saeam' and attempts to overcome his gloomy internal conflict with the external world through 'nunmul'. Although such a conflict image is depicted as a feeble and passive one which cannot find keen response to the external world, his own way to respond to reality can be seen even if weak. Based on this, it is suggested that his poetry does not stay only in the pure world of lyric, but recognizes the external world.


Insulator is an essential part of overhead line. In recent years, the news about the insulator flashover is increasing. The main reason of insulator flashover is insulator surface contamination. Insulator flashover is a serious threat to the safe and stable of transmission lines operation. With the development of China's comprehensive national strength, power companies and power users demand on grids stability is highly increased. Currently usual methods of insulator monitoring are ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density), experiment and on-line detecting of leakage current [. But they can't fully meet our requirements. Now this paper will present a new method, which is made correlation analysis by harmonic analysis based on two ends of the existing lines to the data acquisition apparatus of voltage and current signals. Without additional hardware devices online monitoring of insulator surface contamination can be achieved.


The muscles of giraffes are similar to those of other artiodactyls but differ in order to accommodate the stresses associated with an extraordinary shape. Extensor muscles of the neck are relatively small but flexor muscles of the neck that have to contract against the elasticity of the ligament nuchae are well-developed. The muscle bodies of neck muscles are located at the base of the neck and exert their effects via long tendons, which minimizes neck mass. Giraffes rarely lie down, or sleep, or run. Consequently limb muscles give support more than movement and are more tendinous that muscular. The power to run is generated by hip flexors and extensors, aided by contractions of the gastrocnemius muscles. The forelimb is the main support for body mass and acts as the fulcrum for movement. Chest and forelimb muscles keep the shoulder and elbow joints rigid, but allow drinking and the complications that arise from it. Brain mass forms 0.5% of adult body mass. Eyes are large and the retina has a unique distribution of photoreceptors that provides both clear images of close objects and allows focusing on ground level objects. Peripheral nerves contain more sensory than motor fibers. The skin of giraffes forms ~10% of body mass, and has more collagen than elastic fibers. Skin panniculus muscles are absent, an absence compensated by sebaceous gland secretion of volatile compounds that repel insects. The development of the colors of skin markings begins in the last trimester of pregnancy.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of the Flos lonicerae compound preparation(FLCP) on acute myocardial ischemia induced by blocking trachea with clamp and subcutaneous injection with the isopropylarterenol(IPA) in mice.METHODS The disappeared time of ECG were observed by closing trachea in the models of mice with myocardial anoxic,meanwhile the survival times in normobaric hypoxia were observed by subcutaneous injection of IPA in the models of mice with acute myocardial ischemia.RESULTS The disappeared time of ECG in trachea-closed mice in large dosage of FLCP group and the survival time of mice with acute myocardial ischemia induced by IPA in normobaric hypoxia in large and small dosages of FLCP groups were significantly prolonged(P0.05,P0.01).CONCLUSION FLCP showed protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in mice.Its possible mechanism could be attributed to enhancing the anoxic endurance of economy.


The study was designed to investigate the regular effects of polysaccharides isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskjk (PCP) on human gastric cancer cell line MGC_803 in vitro.MTT assay was applied to detect the proliferation activity of MGC_803 cells which were treated by PCP;the apoptosis inducing effects of PCP to MGC_803 cells were treated by Annexin assay.In this study,PCP can inhibit the proliferation of MGC_803 extremely (P0.01) at the concentration of 50,100,200,400 μg/mL.The biggest inhibition rate was up to 65.07% and the apoptosis rate was 25.44%.Polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskjk has antitumor bioactivities on human gastric cancer cell line MGC_803.


Since the 1980s, Chinese enterprises have established a large number of strategic alliances with foreign enterprises aiming at achieving the idea of so-called "utilizing the market to introduce technology", but this is not the case. As the foreign side worries about the spillover of core technology, the Chinese side has few contacts with technical knowledge, and then both of the two sides encounter great difficulties in the knowledge transfer. To solve this problem, the paper gives a game analysis on knowledge sharing in the Sino-foreign technical alliances and determines the condition of knowledge sharing - the best ratio of income distribution-under which the benefit that knowledge sharing brings to the foreign side can make up for its loss.


The article mainly deals with the complications involved in the regulation of genetically modified (GM) technology in India by comparing it with the regulatory mechanisms developed in the USA and the European Union (EU). The only GM crop that has been approved for commercial cultivation in India is Bt cotton. It has been observed that apart from Bt cotton, whenever the Indian regulatory bodies tried to approve any other GM food crops, protests have erupted from several sections of the Indian civil society. As a result, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has been compelled to take political decision of not to allow GM crops for commercial cultivation. This led to the increase in the political conflict among supporters and detractors of GM crop technology. Both the USA and the EU have explicitly established either product-based or process-based regulatory approaches. But in India, the regulation is still evolving. In that respect, this article highlights some of the existing regulatory loopholes and kinds of confusions that prevail in Indian regulatory system.


SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) can be contained despite the absence of robust diagnostic tests, a vaccine, or any specific treatment. When awareness, commitment, and determination are high, even such traditional control tools as isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine can be sufficiently powerful to break the chain of transmission. Gro Harlem Brundtland DirectorGeneral, World Health Organisation. (WHO website, accessed on July 5, 2003) some perTinenT QuesTions from The sArs epidemiC


Combinatorial proof involves proving relationships among expressions by arguing that the two expressions count sets with the same cardinality. It is an important topic because it is a kind of proof that has not been studied extensively, yet it represents an aspect of combinatorial reasoning that students should develop. In this paper, we report on data from two students who participated in a paired teaching experiment during which they solved tasks involving combinatorial proof. We highlight some productive aspects of their conceptions of combinatorial proof, and we also report on some pedagogical interventions that seemed to help students progress with successful combinatorial proving. We also argue that combinatorial proofs may naturally tend to be semantic rather than syntactic proof constructions (Weber & Alcock, 2004).


The SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been developed for best estimate transient simulation of light -- water-reactor coolant systems during a severe accident. The code models the coupled behavior of the reactor coolant system, the core, fission products released during a severe accident transient as well as large and small break loss of coolant accidents, operational transients such as anticipated transient without SCRAM, loss of offsite power, loss of feedwater, and loss of flow. A generic modeling approach is used that permits as much of a particular system to be modeled as necessary. Control system and secondary system components are included to permit modeling of plant controls, turbines, condensers, and secondary feedwater conditioning systems. This volume, Volume IV, describes the material properties correlations and computer subroutines (MATPRO) used by SCDAP/RELAP5. formulation of the materials properties are generally semi-empirical in nature. The materials property subroutines contained in this document are for uranium, uranium dioxide, mixed uranium-plutonium dioxide fuel, zircaloy cladding, zirconium dioxide, stainless steel, stainless steel oxide, silver-indium-cadmium alloy, cadmium, boron carbide, Inconel 718, zirconium-uranium-oxygen melts, fill gas mixtures, carbon steel, and tungsten. This document also contains descriptions of the reaction and solution rate models needed to analyze a reactor accident.


Several different enzymatic, chemical and mechanical methods have been developed for the isolation of lignin from wood and pulp. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of wood and pulp fibers and the heterogeneity that exists between individual fibers, no method is currently available for the quantitative isolation of native or residual lignin without the risk of structural changes during the isolation. Even if the perfect isolation technique could be found, the product would at best represent the average structure of native or residual lignin components. However, the information gained about the chemical reactivity and structure of isolated lignin is valuable. Thus, the three most commonly employed methods for isolating residual lignin are described below.


We consider the stationary quantum Zakharov system with a higher competing perturbation $$\displaylines{ \Delta ^2u-\Delta u+\lambda V(x)u=K(x)u\phi -\mu | u|^{p-2}u \quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^3, \cr -\Delta \phi +\phi =K(x)u^2 \quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^3, }$$ where \(\lambda >0\), \(\mu>0\), \(p>4\) and functions \(V\) and \(K\) are both nonnegative. Such problem can not be studied via the common arguments in variational methods, since Palais-Smale sequences may not be bounded. Using a constraint approach proposed by us recently, we prove the existence, multiplicity and concentration of nontrivial solutions for the above problem.
For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/06/abstr.html


This paper measures the benefits and costs of using biochar, a carbon sequestration technology in the British Columbia (BC) wine industry. It was found that the use of biochar, produced from wine industry waste, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and make a significant economic contribution to the BC wine industry.  An economic model was developed to calculate the value-added from each of the three sectors that comprise the BC Wine industry value chain. The model uses biochar, produced from grape prunings and pomace, as a soil amendment in the vineyards. Grapes produced from these vineyards are used to produce wine. The assumptions for each variable used in this study are drawn from the literature and prior research by the authors. In addition to achieving the industry's sustainability goals, each sector of the wine value chain is potentially profitable, however producing biochar as a profitable independent business is likely minimal compared to what could be achieved along the value chain with increased yields of the same quality.  Biochar as a soil amendment is a long-term investment for farmers with results best assessed after multiple years.  Future research is needed to better understand the biochar production process as an integral part of the BC wine industry, the carbon sequestration benefits, the specific increases in long-term grape yields and wine production.  Also, the industry willingness to re-evaluate and change present industry practices, and other important benefits that can be derived from marketing climate friendly wine to BC consumers needs to be understood.


Using a lossy-feed network in a multiple-beam array antenna, particularly a receiving system without active amplifying components embedded in the network, has generally been avoided. Attention is called to certain antenna pattern characteristics that should be evaluated with respect to the system application involved. Lossless-feed networks often possess one or more of these pattern characteristics which can possibly be enchanced when the capabilities of a lossy network are properly traded off. Maximizing available antenna gain at the beam crossover points, for example, is shown to be one possible advantage for employing a lossy network instead of a lossless design. Near-in sidelobe levels can readily be controlled with a lossy network.


In order to improve the teaching quality of the course of finance major and meet the needs of cultivating talents in the reform of market economy system and finance market construction, this paper analyses the challenges faced by the teaching of the courses of finance major and outlines the objectives of the reform of teaching methods and examination methods. It is concluded that the reform of teaching methods should start from the aspects of breakthrough in MOOCs, promoting the popularity of micro lessons, and speeding up the application of case teaching. The paper also presents the methods of the examination reform from the following aspects: oral examination, classroom debates, literature review, data research, social survey, visit & watch, case analysis, course papers, optimization of examination. Keywords—Teaching Methods; Examination Methods; Finance Major; Courses


A vector problem of integer optimization with linear partial criteria is considered. Quantitative estimates of two types are obtained for the stability of the Pareto set with respect to independent perturbations of the parameters of a vector criterion.


BACKGROUND
Opioid and psychotropic prescriptions are common during pregnancy. Little is known about coprescriptions of both medications in this setting.

OBJECTIVE
To describe opioid prescription among women who are prescribed psychotropics compared with women who are not.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

SETTING
U.S. commercial insurance beneficiaries from MarketScan (2001 to 2015).

PARTICIPANTS
Pregnant women at 22 weeks' gestation or greater who were insured continuously for 3 months or more before pregnancy through delivery.

MEASUREMENTS
Opioid prescription, dosage thresholds (morphine milligram equivalents [MME] of ≥50/day and ≥90/day), number of opioid agents (≥2), and duration (≥30 days) among those with and without prescription of psychotropics, from 2011 to 2015.

RESULTS
Among 958 980 pregnant women, 10% received opioids only, 6% psychotropics only, and 2% opioids with coprescription of psychotropics. Opioid prescription was higher among women prescribed psychotropics versus those who were not (26.5% vs. 10.7%). From 2001 to 2015, psychotropic prescription overall increased from 4.4% to 7.6%, opioid prescription without coprescription of psychotropics decreased from 11.9% to 8.4%, and opioids with coprescription decreased from 28.1% to 22.0%. Morphine milligram equivalents of 50 or greater per day decreased for women with and without coprescription (29.6% to 17.3% and 22.8% to 18.5%, respectively); MME of 90 or greater per day also decreased in both groups (15.0% to 4.7% and 11.5% to 4.2%, respectively). Women prescribed opioids only were more likely to have an antepartum hospitalization compared with those with neither prescription, as were women with coprescription versus those prescribed psychotropics only. Compared with those prescribed opioids only, women with coprescriptions were more likely to exceed MME of 90 or greater per day and to be prescribed 2 or more opioid agents and for 30 days or longer. Number and duration of opioids increased with benzodiazepine and gabapentin coprescription.

LIMITATION
Inability to determine appropriateness of prescribing or overdose events.

CONCLUSION
Opioids are frequently coprescribed with psychotropic medication during pregnancy and are associated with antepartum hospitalization. A substantial proportion of pregnant women are prescribed opioids at doses that increase overdose risk and exceed daily recommendations.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
None.


Inside this issue Occupy London, a space for discussion 2 Youth unemployment: Best years of your life? 2 The unions attack on workers' pensions 2 November 9 and 30 demonstrations:Unions and police are two arms of the same state 3 Sparks: don't let the unions block the struggle 3 Why is capitalism drowning in debt? 4 The bourgeoisie is divided by the crisis but united against the working class 5 Britain in the EU: National interests are not our interests 5 What is the future for the struggles in Egypt? 6 Meetings, subscriptions, pamphlets 7 Syria/Iran: imperialist manoeuvres 8


Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). Only 30% of TNBC patients show a pathologic complete response, and the other 70% of patients exhibit a less pronounced response followed by relapse and metastasis to distant organs after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Achievements of immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in clinical trials for treating melanoma, nonsmall-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and TNBC suggest that targeting the interaction of tumor cells with tumor microenvironment is highly beneficial for cancer treatment. Finding a novel dual-targeting therapy against tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) may provide options for improved responses in TNBC patients. Data Sources: We searched the potential targeted therapy candidates that regulate tumor cells as well as the TME of cancer diseases, including TNBC, based on our previous and recent other publications. Study Selection: We selected the potential targeted therapies supported by relevance clinical data, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: In this review, we found the KDM5B, Cadherin 11, β-catenin, CDK2, signal peptide CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 2, and PDL1 regulate the tumor cells and TME of TNBC cells. In addition, we also highlighted the Antrocin, Ovatodiolide, and Pterostilbene as natural small compound possess anti-cancer through the disruption of tumor cell–TME interactions. Conclusion: The new therapy approach targeting tumor cells-TME interaction may improve the response and survival rate of TNBC patients. Later, natural small compounds could provide alternative therapy options for TNBC patients.


Energy permanent magnet is one of the free energy that is being done much research and utilization in the use of various electrical components one needs an induction generator. Induction generator is a very important component for generating electrical energy with a mechanically driven by a prime mover such as water turbines, steam turbines, or an electric motor that generates electricity. This research aims to design a permanent magnet generator induction by utilizing an induction motor. Generator is designed using a rotor in induction motors that have been modified by using 10 pairs of permanent magnet type neodymium with dimensions magnet 20 x 15 mm cylindrical / tube and stator generator is designed to be two poles with the number of turns 325 windings and use a wire email Germany type with the size 0.4 mm. Permanent magnet induction generator able to generate a voltage of 69.5 V to 223.7 V and a frequency of 33.5 Hz to 50.9 Hz with the preliminary rotation speed of 2000 rpm to 3000 rpm in no-load condition, whereas in loaded condition generator is able to supply 8 incandescent lamps 80 watts with a current of 0.27 A at 3000 rpm.


Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians have life expectancies below that of the general Australian population and are significantly more likely to experience ill health and disability – and reduced quality of life because of ill health – than other Australians. Therefore, quality data on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are needed to evaluate programs and interventions, to assess the effectiveness of policies and to inform policy and program development. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provides risk behaviour and health status estimates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians every six years through the face-to-face National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NATSIHS). State-based continuous landline telephone health surveys such as the New South Wales Population Health Survey (NSWPHS), designed to provide risk behaviours and health status estimates for the general population, have also been used to report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. But how accurate are these estimates using a telephone survey that was not specifically designed for this purpose? To investigate this question, results for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons from the 2002-2005 NSWPHS were compared with NSW results from the 2004-05 NATSIHS.


The user experience in adaptive HTTP streaming relies on offering bitrate ladders with suitable operation points for all users and typically involves multiple resolutions. While open GOP coding structures are generally known to provide substantial coding efficiency benefit, their use in HTTP streaming has been precluded through lacking support of reference picture resampling (RPR) in AVC and HEVC. The newly emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard supports RPR, but only conversational scenarios were primarily investigated during the design of VVC. This paper aims at enabling usage of RPR in HTTP streaming scenarios through analysing the drift potential of VVC coding tools and presenting a constrained encoding method that avoids severe drift artefacts in resolution switching with open GOP coding in VVC. In typical live streaming configurations, the presented method achieves -8.7% BD-rate reduction compared to closed GOP coding while in a typical Video on Demand configuration, -1.89% BD-rate reduction is reported. The constraints penalty compared to regular open GOP coding is 0.65% BD-rate in the worst case. The presented method was integrated into the publicly available open source VVC encoder VVenC v0.3.


It is assumed that a receiver's input is a digital signal corrupted by white Gaussian noise. The information symbols in the digital data stream are in general allowed to be correlated. The small signal maximum likelihood estimate of the channel impulse response is derived. We show that the estimator problem leads to a generalized eigenvalue problem. An example is presented.


This article performs a reading of Shirana Shahbazi's photo-based mural The Curve (2007), an artwork that interrogates the production of knowledge based on various ideas of truth in representation. The Curve meditates on knowledge production in relation to three sites: contemporary documentary photography, the history of northern European still-life painting, and the murals of religious leaders and martyrs that adorn Tehran. The effect of these multiple citations is the creation of an artwork that cannot be comfortably contextualized either in Western art history or in contemporary Iranian visual culture. The Curve thereby anticipates and attempts to block its own assimilation into art historical and critical discourses that reduce the work of Iranian artists to static reflections of a particular geographical and political reality. The artwork thus demands a consideration of the ways in which context, as a term in contemporary global art history, is ideologically constructed within a certain network of power relationships.


Gender-based violence against women, including intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pervasive health and human rights concern. However, relatively little intervention research has been conducted on how to reduce IPV in settings impacted by conflict. The current study reports on the evaluation of the incremental impact of adding "gender dialogue groups" to an economic empowerment group savings program on levels of IPV. This study took place in north and northwestern rural Côte d'Ivoire.


Abstract Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated production of cAMP by intact human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells is diminished by pretreatment with 17β-estradiol (E 2 ). The goal of the present study was to determine whether E 2 affected adenylyl cyclase activity in cell membranes. Cells were deprived of steroid hormones for 24 h and then incubated with E 2 (1 nM) or vehicle for 12 h. Cell membranes were prepared and incubated with [α- 32 P]-ATP in the absence or presence of agonist, and the amount of [ 32 P]-cAMP produced was measured to quantify adenylyl cyclase activity. There was less cAMP produced by membranes from E 2 -treated cells in response to PTH, GTPγS, forskolin, and Mn 2+ . E 2 had no effect on the amounts of G s or G i . We propose that pretreatment of SaOS-2 cells with E 2 reduced membrane cyclase activity, at least in part, by actions on the PTH-sensitive adenylyl cyclase and/or the G protein-adenylyl cyclase complex.


Prolonged coma without hypoglycemia or hyperammonemia is a diagnostic challenge. We report brain proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) findings in an infant with unexplained coma as the first manifestation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 deficiency.

An 11-month-old girl became pale and floppy after an 11-hour fast. On admission, she was somnolent but could be awakened. The liver was 2 cm below the right costal margin. She had metabolic acidosis (pH 7.28, Pco2 4.7, base excess −5.8, Hco3 19) and slightly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 46 U/L (normal <40 U/L). Blood glucose and lactate, plasma ammonia, CSF analysis, and brain 1.5 T MRI were normal.

Despite IV glucose infusion (3 to 4 g/kg/day), her consciousness fluctuated from wakefulness to a sleep-like state, which deepened to coma. On day 6, brain MRI was again normal, whereas 1H MRS (figure) revealed a very high N -acetyl aspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) ratio for age, excess of glutamate/glutamine, and large lipid peaks in the thalamus, white matter, and cortex.1 EEG showed background slowing with high delta waves without epileptiformic activity. Plasma ammonia fluctuated from 155 to 60 to 102 μmol/L (normal <50 μmol/L) and ALT increased to 160 U/L. She became icteric …


Properties of a glutathione transport system in T. ferrooxidans strain AP-44 were investigated using a reduced form of 35S-glutathione (35S-GSH). About 71.2% of the total radioactivity taken up into the cells was distributed in the cytosol fraction. The amount of GSH taken up into the cells was in proportion to the amount of ferrous iron oxidized. However, a high concentration of silver ions (50 mm), which completely inhibited an iron-oxidizing activity, did not inhibit the GSH transport. The results suggest that GSH was transported by using a proton electrochemical gradient formed across the cytoplasmic membrane. Since growth inhibition by silver nitrate was decreased by the addition of GSH to both silver ion sensitive-cells and resistant-cells, the GSH transport system may play some role in the silver ion resistance mechanism of the bacterium.


Voice of any human plays an important role in communication and sharing information among each other. Through voice, internal behavior can be identified as to whether the person is happy or angry which is reflected. A person's behavior is not exactly reflected by their face; variation in his/her voice reflects somehow their behavior as there will be variation in voice and variation in frequency and pitch. Feelings and natural behaviors are important features, and there are many biological aspects through which they can be identified. Therefore, in this paper, we consider a Hindi speech specimen of different groups to identify the person's behavior and natural feelings under different acoustic conditions. Many research papers show emotion recognition based on neural networks with different models using speech signals to identify the present status of any patient, and it helps to build a way for a smart healthcare system. Enabling service in terms of Blockchain means the sufferer does not require communicating with complex and failed tasks for collecting information from various sources to send to their expert. Blockchain provides experts access to systems and enables entry to the dataset section. Patients have total control over their data, and they no longer require monitoring to keep their data managed and up to date. Also, manually coordinating with data is required for multiple visitors, which can be a very tedious one. In this paper, we focused on feature removal of speech using different extraction approaches which were used to know the quality or state of voice specimens and also understand which feature extraction plays a vital role in gaining a close state of speech. Internet of Things-based learning platforms are used to gather the voice sample, and also, a deep gaining method was followed to reach and achieve the best accuracy and identify the error rate which will help to gather close behavior and state of mind. Finally, a proposed model based on the Gaussian mixture model as a classifier was used for its spotting and attestation.


Although typically considered a temperate to cold water species, killer whales (or orca) ( Orcinus orca ) have been reported intermittently in tropical waters. While the IUCN (IUCN, 2000) does not list the species as present in Papua New Guinea waters, the records presented here indicate it is found in the area for at least 10 months of the year. A total of 94 sightings of killer whales in Papua New Guinea waters were complied. Thirty-seven sightings from April 1987 to July 2002 were recorded with an exact date and location, with a further 57 sightings of unknown date or exact location. Twenty-seven of all records had either photographs or videotape to cone rm species identie cation. The earliest reference to killer whales in this region was from 1956, when they were recorded taking e sh o V long-lines. Killer whales from Papua New Guinea waters have been observed feeding on four species of elasmobranchs (scalloped-hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini ; grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos ; manta ray, Manta birostris; and blue-spotted ray Dasyatis kuhlii ) and four species of e n-e sh (yellow-e n tuna, Thunnus albacares ; bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus ; Indo-Pacie c saile sh, Istiophorus platypterus; and sunesh, Mola mola). These are the e rst records, worldwide, of killer whales feeding on scalloped-hammerhead sharks, grey reef sharks and blue-spotted rays. Killer whales in these waters have been reported in association with two species of cetaceans (sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus and spinner dolphins, Stenella longirostris ). Photo-identie cation images were collected for 14 individuals and a catalogue established. Matches were made for two animals— a female sighted approximately 30 n mi and two days apart and a sub-adult male sighted in the same region 16 months apart. Some individual killer whales from these waters have been observed with grey under-e ukes, in contrast to white, which is typically described for this species.


The past few years have witnessed increased interest in the potential use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in applications such as disaster management, combat field reconnaissance, border protection and security surveillance. Sensors in these applications are expected to be remotely deployed in large numbers and to operate autonomously in unattended environments. To support scalability, nodes are often grouped into disjoint and mostly non-overlapping clusters. In this paper, we present a routing scheme based on the clustering of nodes for a heterogeneous environment such that nodes are having different energy levels but each node is capable of transmitting data to BS.


Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the dewetting behavior of a polymer thin film on partial wetting solid surface at the early stage of the dewetting process. Spontaneous dewetting is initiated by removing a band of strip from both the ends of the liquid polymer film which has achieved equilibrium. The solid-liquid interaction and temperature were varied to show their influence on the dewetting dynamics during dewetting as well as the shape evolution of the liquid polymer film. As is consistent with the results obtained in pre- vious researches, the liquid film recedes at a constant speed initially with different solid-liquid couplings and tempe- ratures. Furthermore, smaller coupling parameters or higher temperatures tend to accelerate the recession speed of the liquid film and shorten the constant-speed recession duration. Obvious rims were not always observed. Both coupling parameter and temperature can influence the emergence of the rims. Keywords Polymer film; Dewetting; Molecular dynamics simulation Article ID 1005-9040(2011)-02-324-05


Annie Jourdan : The revolutionary allegory : from liberty to the republic. ; Revolutionary allegories have often been studied but clever, even brilliant, analyses have been based on a few carefully chosen examples or on specifically popular forms, resulting in hasty generalizations which falsify historical truth. This article tries to distinguish true from false and takes into account a large number of projects envisaged by the authorities in their drive to "republicanize" public space. For French revolutionary imagery was above all conceived by politicians to represent themselves as a political body and as the nation. Already in 1789 there emerged a political imagery dominated by allegory. From Liberty to the Republic, how did the French Revolution wish to represent itself, and what principles did it want to embody ? An analysis of different projects (statues, monuments, vignettes, seals, coins) shows that political representation does not always coincide with proclaimed principles and that the public image is rarely a reflection of reality. Often the sign masks the evanescence of its subject, whether it is popular sovereignty, liberty or the republic.


In this paper, K-MEANS algorithm of cluster analysis and its realization in C++ is given, it gives an example of realization using C++.


Independent inventors have limited routes to secure financial returns on the time and capital they invest to develop and realize a new idea. Research into two centuries of inventors has identified their options as licensing patents once they are issued, selling inventions (and patents)
 to existing companies, forging consulting arrangements with operating firms, or raising funds and starting a business. This article explores patent licensing as an entrepreneurial approach using a case study of the largely unknown licensing program undertaken by Samuel Hopkins after receiving
 the first U. S. patent. A license agreement signed between Hopkins and Eli Cogswell, a potash manufacturer in Vermont, offers a case study of how an inventor-entrepreneur worked in the early American republic. It also provides insights into the links between intellectual property and entrepreneurship,
 the mindset of inventor-entrepreneurs, and the challenges of bringing a new technology to market at a foundational moment in U. S. history.


This paper proposes a topology-aware clustering model(called TCM).Furthermore,it proposes a TCM-based application layer multicast scheme(called TCMM).In TCMM,many nearby nodes are clustered,which localizes the transport of some nodes and alleviates the negative impact caused by different join sequences.Analysis and experiments show that TCMM can effectively group nearby nodes and build multicast trees with similar gross performance in different join orders.In addition,TCMM can improve some of other multicast performance in some degree.


A dual-resonator compensation method for reducing acceleration sensitivity of precision quartz oscillators have been developed. Readily available 10-MHz SC-cut resonators are counteraligned to cancel the individual Gamma vectors. Phase noise under vibration is reduced to the level expected for the measured residual sensitivity. Performance characteristics of the newly developed FTS Model 1120 are described.<<ETX>>


TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS ACOUSTIC-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES by R. Benjamin Davis Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University


For the characteristic of scale-free networks, containing a few nodes that have a very high degree and many with low degree,the high connectivity nodes play an important role of hubs in communication and networking. This characteristic can be exploited with designing efficient search algorithms. This paper proposes an algorithm to change each new node connecting to the network based on its high-degree-probability for equal-degree-probability ,after having constituted initial model by choosing high-degree-probability nodes. We use an association rule search strategy that utilizes high degree nodes in scale-free networks and costs scaling with the size of the graph. We also demonstrate the utility of these CSCCNU network.. It can improve networks' robustness.


Each subject lives in a world where there is only of subjective realities and where the same environments represent only subjective realities." Von Uexküll.1