Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) represents the newest methodological approach for testing for genetic alterations in individual cells. FISH can detect gene amplification both in metaphase chromosomes and in interphase nuclei. FISH allows the determination of the amplification levels and amplification patterns: clustered signals and multiple scattered signals found by FISH correspond respectively to amplicons in homogeneous staining regions and in double-minute chromosomes found in conventional cytogenetics. Using dual-colour FISH, differentiation of low level amplification from increased gene number by polysomy is also possible. FISH can detect gene amplification not only in isolated nuclei and imprinted cells, but also in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and is therefore a potent tool to detect gene amplification in archival solid tumor specimens. A direct correlation can be made with the morphology, so that tissue localization of such genetic events as tumor heterogeneity and tumor progression is feasible. Furthermore, in combination with immunohistochemistry, direct correlation with the oncogene amplification and the oncoprotein overexpression are possible. Although there have been numerous FISH studies examining oncogene amplifications using clinical materials, at the present time the most important clinical application of FISH is the identification of breast cancer patients eligible for the new adjuvant therapy by humanized monoclonal antibody to c-erbB-2 protein (trastuzumab).


Most theories about ideas in politics implicitly conceptualise ideas as relatively stable entities that act as a catalyst for political change in times of crisis. In these theories political change is usually brought on by the full and sudden replacement of old ideas with new ones. This article's main charge against the mainstream view of ideas is that it is based on a simplified conception of ideas which in turn creates a bias within the theories that leads them to focus on how ideas trigger change in times of crisis. In effect, the theories overlook incremental yet significant ideational change in times of stability. With inspiration from discourse theory and 'the interpretive approach', the article develops a more dynamic understanding of ideas as being composed of several related elements of meaning that typically do not reach a final stage of stability or equilibrium. Furthermore, it is argued that this theory of the micro structure of ideas can account for both incremental and paradigmatic ideational change. Two types of incremental ideational change are discussed and exemplified with empirical examples from British politics: first, a change in the relation between the existing elements of an idea and, second, a change of one or more (but not all) elements of an idea.


Chicken litter is a significant source of nutrients for production of crops and to reduce the impact of human pathogens on environment. The physicochemical properties of poultry litter mixture compost was assessed against the maturity and stability indices such as carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), nitrate (NO 3 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), ash, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Humification Index (HI), Humification Rate (HR) and Degree of Polymerization (DP). The use of Salmonella significantly improves the humification process and physicochemical properties of final compost product are better in comparison to control trial. The most prominent effects was the fast rise in temperature from mesophilic to thermophilic stage was accompanied by an increase in NH4+-N that gradually decrease near the maturation phase. Moreover, the decrease in carbon and nitrogen ratio and increase in DP, CEC, HI, HR, phosphorous and potassium was also observed. A significant correlation was found between the maturity and stability parameters like C: N ratio, cation exchange capacity, humification index, degree of polymerization, humification rate and nitrate. Therefore, it is acclaimed that isolated microorganisms Salmonella from poultry litter promote the stable compost formation.


The invention relates to a method and device for creating the test environment of a base station in a high-load operation state; the device comprises a man-machine interaction unit, a message processing unit and a communication unit which are sequentially connected; the method comprises the steps that: after the connection with a tested base station is established, the tested base station is controlled to establish communities on other vacant resources other than the frequency points of a service community by sending a control command to the tested base station, and resources are distributed to the user equipment (UE) which is configured for at least one user in each established community according to the test requirements; parts that the users configure according to the test requirements or the information loaded to the business data of all the UE are sent to the tested base station, and the tested base station loads and bags the specified UE according to the information; and real UE is connected into the tested base station, so as to test the performance indexes of the tested base station. The invention effectively improves the test efficiency, and keeps a high-load state more stable.


Introduction: The influence of ascorbic acid on the nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioral sensitization was investigated in the present study. Methods: In a pilot study, place conditioning and locomotor activity were investigated after nicotine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg) administration. Different doses of ascorbic acid in conditioning days or on the test days were used. Behavioral sensitization was induced in animals by daily intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) for seven cosecutive days followed by one day interval. On 9th day, locomotor activity was induced by ineffective dose of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg). Ascorbic acid was injected 20 min before each injection of nicotine (acquisition of sensitization) or acutely 20 min before a challenge nicotine injection (expression of sensitization). Results: The results showed that intraperitoneal nicotine (1 mg/kg) administration can induce place preference whereas acute administration of the drug induces catalepsy. Administration of ascorbic acid did not induce place preference nor place aversion and also did not change the locomotor activity. Locomotor sensitization in mice was produced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. On the 9th day of experiments, activity of the mice was recorded after challenge with nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.). The senisitization was better achived when the ineffective dose of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) was applied. Administration with ascorbic acid reduced both the acquisition and expression of nicotine-induced CPP. It was shown that ascorbic acid attenuated the acquisition of nicotine sensitization in a dose-independent manner but the expression of nicotineinduced sensitization was not affected by ascorbic acid. Conclusion: We conclude that ascorbic acid may interfere with nicotine-induced place preference and behavioral sensitization.


This article compares 4 measurement models for the Watson–Barker Listening Test (WBLT)–Form C and constitutes the first confirmatory test of this listening comprehension measure. Results show that data does not conform to (a) a 5-factor correlated model, (b) a second-order model, or (c) a unidimensional model; and no model was sufficiently better than (d) the independence model. Exploratory analyses provide additional evidence that items are largely unrelated to one another. Given these findings, the use of the WBLT–Form C in assessments of listening comprehension is not recommended. The discussion explores what these findings imply for the conceptualization and measurement of listening and for potential revisions of the WBLT.


Data sharing provides many potential benefits, although the amount of actual data reused is unknown. Here we track the reuse of data from three data repositories (NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus, PANGAEA, and TreeBASE) by searching for dataset accession number or unique identifier in Google Scholar and using ISI Web of Science to find articles that cited the data collection article. We found that data reuse and data attribution patterns vary across repositories. Data reuse appears to correlate with the number of citations to the data collection article. This preliminary investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of this method for tracking data reuse.


Although corporate governance plays a crucial role in shaping the vision, image and reputation of a corporation, this subject has been largely ignored in the prevailing engineering and technology management literature. In the wake of scandals like Enron and WorldCom, the call for effective corporate governance echoes across the boardrooms of many corporations. It is the intent of this paper to close the gap between the myth and the reality of US corporate governance effectiveness in engineering companies and to suggest some improvement strategies regarding the modus operandi and optimum structure of this entity. This study would benefit the board of directors of engineering companies that are already in existence or those that are in the process of being formed. It relies on survey results with individuals who, by virtue of their significant experience in the boardroom of engineering corporations, can offer unique insight and provide valuable data to the topic of corporate governance.


The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection pandemic has caused 667 million cases. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The virus primarily affects the respiratory system and runs the gamut from respiratory infection, to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Various ophthalmologic manifestations in both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye are increasingly reported in the literature. Purpose. Present clinical cases of retinal changes after coronavirus infection. Material and methods. We present two clinical observations of patients with ophthalmic manifestations in the posterior segment of the eyes that developed after a coronavirus infection. All patients underwent ophthalmological examination including visometry, anterior segment biomicroscopy, and ophthalmoscopy with non-contact Volk 78D lens, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of macular area and angioregim OCT (DRI OCT Triton plus, Japan). Treatment and recommendations were individualized according to ophthalmological indications. Results. Stabilization of retinal changes after coronavirus infection. There was an increase in maximum corrected visual acuity (MCOZ), reduction of macular edema. Conclusion. It is necessary to pay attention to complaints of the visual organ in patients with coronavirus infection in the early stages of the disease and in the nearest months after recovery. Our clinical observations show the need for further study of pathogenesis, clinic and treatment methods of ophthalmologic complications associated with coronavirus infection. Keywords: coronavirus disease, postthrombotic retinopathy, macular neovascular membrane


Not only what we eat, but also when we eat seems to be of importance for well-being, nutritional status, and health. The regulation of food intake (amounts) operates through feed backs from the per ...


Based on records from Nikolaos Balanos' dismantling and reerection of the temple of Athena Nike on the Athenian Acropolis (between 1935 and 1939), this volume presents a detailed architectural study of the building's chronology and history.


Ethiopia is the country practiced Judaism before Christianity which is unique church in the continent of Africa and glob in holding judo-Christian sect. The church in her traditional believes that forests are shelters of the earth's crust and provide enormous and beautiful scenery to the world. Most of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church and monasteries are built on hills, mountains and high places with densely forests and trees. This practice and tradition was comes from Eden, the place had all the best and choicest trees and plant, God a tender Father, provide not only for Adam's needs, but also his pleasure. The church on the earth signifies the new heaven, the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down of God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband, Adam. Therefore, gardening was the first kind of employment on record in which man was engaged. Though trees and plants produced the necessary flower and fruits by the will of God, dressing and keeping are necessary to maintain in their perfection. This is the under laying principle often considered and practiced by Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church in nature conservation. The review conducted through reviewing published journal articles, published books, published conference proceeding, Holy scriptures, Holy Bible, Holy Bible commentary, church scholars teaching and audio visual documents. The main objective of the paper is to explore past and present work on sacred grove role in general, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church in particular in mountain ecology management and biodiversity conservation. Accordingly, the review indicates that religious philosophy and practices are playing significant role on mountain management, biodiversity conservation and carbon emission reduction in the changing world. Therefore, incorporating this best practice in biodiversity management and mountain conservation policy formulation is win-win scenario. Keywords : Biodiversity conservation, Church forest, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahiodo church, Holly Hills, Sacred Groves, Mountain Conservation


This correspondence is concerned with asymptotic properties on the codeword length of a fixed-to-variable length code (FV code) for a general source {X/sup n/}/sub n=1//sup /spl infin// with a finite or countably infinite alphabet. Suppose that for each n /spl ges/ 1 X/sup n/ is encoded to a binary codeword /spl phi//sub n/(X/sup n/) of length l(/spl phi//sub n/(X/sup n/)). Letting /spl epsiv//sub n/ denote the decoding error probability, we consider the following two criteria on FV codes: i) /spl epsiv//sub n/ = 0 for all n /spl ges/ 1 and ii) lim sup/sub n/spl rarr//spl infin///spl epsiv//sub n/ /spl les/ /spl epsiv/ for an arbitrarily given /spl epsiv/ /spl isin/ [0,1). Under criterion i), we show that, if X/sup n/ is encoded by an arbitrary prefix-free FV code asymptotically achieving the entropy, 1/nl(/spl phi//sub n/(X/sup n/)) - 1/nlog/sub 2/ 1/PX/sup n/(X/sup n/) /spl rarr/ 0 in probability as n /spl rarr/ /spl infin/ under a certain condition, where P/sub X//sup n/ denotes the probability distribution of X/sup n/. Under criterion ii), we first determine the minimum rate achieved by FV codes. Next, we show that 1/nl(/spl phi//sub n/(X/sup n/)) of an arbitrary FV code achieving the minimum rate in a certain sense has a property similar to the lossless case.


Neither the United States nor Great Britain and France had an elaborate scheme for economic demobilization when the first World War came to a sudden end, but the continuity of their political institutions, and the fact that the three nations were on the victorious side, permitted at least a reasonably quick transition to a new peace economy, however unstable. Such continuity did not exist in Germany and the other conquered nations. Germany, like the other belligerents, had failed to prepare in advance a comprehensive plan for economic demobilization aside from preparatory work of a technical character done by the army. In addition, the social and political events immediately following the Armistice resulted, perhaps inevitably, in the lack of any independent coordinated policy of transition on the part of the new regime. The determining factors of the German economy during the immediate post-war period were, first, the collapse of the imperial regime and the half-hearted and short-lived attempt of the new republican government to reorganize economic life along socialistic or semi-socialistic lines; secondly, the territorial concessions and the ill-defined burden of reparation payments imposed upon Germany by the Treaty of Versailles; and, thirdly, the fantastic inflation which reached its point of culmination as late as five years after the Armistice. In addition, the German experience following the end of the war raised the general question the extent to which a defeated country in our period can count upon systematic demobilization, in the sense of an independent well-balanced policy of transition in accordance with an advance program. The few economists who had given any thought at all during wartime to the problems facing Germany after the war had based their recommendations on the assumption


Using the method of thermally induced changes in the needle fluorescence zero level to determine the duration and depth of arboreal plant winter dormancy it is discovered that needles of Picea obovata and Abies sibirica come out of hibernation faster than Pinus sibirica, Pinus sylvestris and others. The damage of the Picea obovata needle photosynthetic apparatus may occur in spring season, when after a few days of warm weather plants prematurely get out of winter dormancy.


In this paper, we explain how an experiential learning course and study tour to Gansu Province (People's Republic of China) enabled undergraduates at the Singapore Management University (SMU) to acquire 21st-century competencies and higher-order thinking skills by analyzing and evaluating specific aspects of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China–Singapore (Chongqing) Connectivity Initiative — New International Land–Sea Trade Corridor (CCI-ILSTC) with emphasis on developing viable Go-To-Market (GTM) strategies aimed at selling Gansu produce in four Southeast Asian markets. We share how the course was designed to support the attainment of key learning goals and discuss how we turned pedagogical aspirations into concrete learning outcomes. We introduce key aspects of the so-called "SMU-XO" project that the students conducted in partnership with an industry partner, Pacific International Lines (PIL), and discuss how the project work helped learners to gain global competency by (i) examining critical issues related to BRI such as multi-modal infrastructure connectivity, (ii) appreciating the local perspectives of project stakeholders in Lanzhou and Shanghai and (iii) successfully interacting with people from different cultures, namely China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand.


Abstract : The objective of this research is to determine the feasibility of grafting human skin onto congenitally athymic (nude) rats and to isolate the grafted human skin as a flap of functional skin onto an isolated, but accessible, vasculature. Thereafter, the proposed system is to be characterized as to structure and function of the skin and, finally, to be validated as a system for studying percutaneous absorption. During year 1, we confirmed that nude rats, are capable of immunologically rejecting human skin. They do not reject allogeneic (rat) skin grafts. Experiments have now demonstrated that a rather bizarre series of events leads to rejection of human skin grafts on nude rats more than 90% of the time. It appears that this rejection process is humorally (antibody) mediated and is directed at antigens that are not necessarily present in normal human skin prior to grafting, but which develop after engraftment. Low-dose cyclosporine at 25 mg/kg/day prolongs engraftment of human skin for more than 90 days after the cycloserine is discontinued. To validate the system as a method to study metabolism of topically-applied agents, we have used vidarabine (an anti-viral agent). These validation experiments, as well as the fact that human skin can be maintained on nude rats, suggest that this model system will be a significant tool in defining percutaneous absorption and toxicity of chemical agents.


The relationship between household density, family size (number of children) and the physical growth and psychological development of more than 1000 black children between two months and 10 years of age was examined. The results indicated that household density was not linearly related to family size or socioeconomic status, as the housing shortage forces most families to share accommodation. Higher household density was found to be related to smaller growth among children from the beginning of their third year of life, and both higher household density and increased family size were found to be related to lower scores on the developmental measures from six years of age onwards. While household density levels were found to remain constant across the age span represented by the sample, household and family structures underwent several changes, including increased nuclearization. In general, household density measures did not yield data relating to important changes in the interpersonal environment of growing children in black townships.


Like other big cities in Indonesia, Semarang City as the capital of Central Java Province also has various city problems, one of them is the transportation problem. Transportation problems arise due to increased mobility of society that is not in balanced with the public transportation facilities and infrastructure availability. In order to create a better transportation system, the local government of Semarang City held Trans Semarang bus rapid transit (BRT) which began operating in 2010. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI shelters. This research uses descriptive critique technique. The results are expected to be considered in determining the right policy in creating a better transportation system. Based on observations made, the majority of BRT Trans Semarang corridor VI uses non-permanent shelters and is less feasible to be a BRT shelter. Thus, the local government is expected to improve the feasibility of BRT Trans Semarang shelter so that the sense of securit...


Rather than adopt the usual institutional and state approach when dealing with the question of maghreb unity, this thesis lays the emphasis on the crucial role of the maghreb civil societies as well as the underlying historical and social reasons responsible for it's developement during the 80's. Thus, inter-magheb dynamics are not only seen from a political angle but also through the existing relationship beetween the basic populations and political powers. Beginning with a multidiscplinary analysis behind the concept of the civil society, this is then applied to the maghreb populations and hence to a fiel work study carried out with their principal instigators (trade union members, human rights/woomen's rights members) thus revealing : the source and drive of the civil societies, their decisive role in the creation of interior and transnational networks along with the religious, cultural, social and political implications. This study tends to show that unity among maghreb countries cannot be achived only with political pressure since the ability of the civil societies to create human, cultural and historical foundations in the regional conglomeration is predominant.


After providing some insight into the historical background of school evaluation in Austria, this report introduces a possible reform model, and then describes the development processes, drawing on the example of a two-year pilot project, before evaluating its advantages and limitations.


The anti-dumping law provides that the dumping behavior lower than normal value should be boycotted and also defines normal value as the comparable price for the same product of the export nation in its domestic consumption in the normal conditions; or the highest comparable price for the same product to the third export nation in the normal trade conditions; or the product cost of the origin country plus reasonable promotion cost and profit. The unreasonableness of these regulations leads to the expansion of application of the anti-dumping policy. They have to be revised in time.


SYNOPSIS. Unusual dense forms were discovered in ultrathin sections of Plasmodium berghei-infected rat erythrocytes. These parasites frequently occurred with one or more typical trophozoites in a single blood cell. They appeared darker than both the neighboring trophozoites and the host erythrocyte. Ribosomes were visible in clusters in their compact cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum, when present, had dilated cisternae often containing a material of low density. Large food vacuoles werecommonly seen along with the small vesicles harboring pigment granules. The single large nucleus had dense nucleoplasm. Multilaminated membraned bodies and sausage-shaped vacuoles were, seen in some of the parasites.

The exact identity of this form of P. berghei is not known. Its possible significance is discussed with particular reference to the differentiation of gametocytes.


Abstract. CCS (carbon capture and storage) is an important issue within the context of
climate-change mitigation options and has played a major role in the agendas
of scientists, researchers, and engineers. While media representations of CCS
in Germany from 2004 to 2014 demonstrated the significant mediatization of
the topic, this cannot be ascribed to science. Instead, CCS media coverage in
Germany has been dominated by other stakeholder groups. While CCS is linked
to various industry sectors, such as cement and steel production, the German
debate has dominantly focussed on the coal and energy branches. This study
looks at the role of science and science public relations (PR) within the
German public debate by analysing the media coverage of CCS in daily
newspapers from 2004 to 2014. If science wishes to remain proactive within
science communication, new approaches for future science PR have to be
deduced to strengthen, once again, the role of science communication. Among
these approaches, it is important to pursue a more differentiated
understanding of target audiences and regional concerns. Science PR has to
accept that science itself is no longer the only stakeholder and actor within
science communication.


The invention relates to a pipe washing and blowing device. The pipe washing and blowing device comprises a blow drying sleeve, a washing sleeve, a water injection sleeve and a feeding sleeve, wherein the washing sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the blow drying sleeve; the center of the inner side end face of the water injection sleeve is provided with a second square counter bore; the center of the bottom surface of the second square counter bore is provided with a third through hole; the front end of a washing post on the washing sleeve is inserted into the third through hole; the feeding sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the water injection sleeve. Water current enters from a water injection hole in the water injection sleeve, passes through current-dividing holes in the washing sleeve, and washes a casing, and wind is injected from an air inlet hole in the blow drying sleeve and is blown towards the surface of the casing through a gap between the blow drying sleeve and the washing sleeve, so that a blow drying effect is achieved.


Two-dimensional crystallization behaviors of A-TPCn (n = 4, 6, 10), T3C4, and hydrogen-bonded complexes T3C4@TPCn (n = 4, 6, 10) are investigated by means of STM observations and DFT calculations. The STM observations reveal that A-TPC4, A-TPC10, and T3C4 self-organize into dumbbell-shape, well-ordered bright arrays, and zigzag structures, respectively. Interestingly, T3C4@TPC10 fails to form cage-ball structure, while T3C4@TPC4 and T3C4@TPC6 co-assemble into cage-ball structures with same lattice parameters. The filling rates of the balls of these two kinds of cage-ball structures depend heavily on the deposition sequence. As a result, the filling rates of the cages in T3C4/A-TPCn (n = 4, 6) with deposition of T3C4 anterior to A-TPCn is higher than those in A-TPCn/T3C4 (n = 4, 6) with opposite deposition sequence. Furthermore, lattice defects formed by T3C4 coexist with the cage-ball structures. Moreover, the similar energy per unit area of lattice defects (-0.101 kcal mol-1 Å-2) and those two cage-ball networks (-0.194 and -0.208 kcal mol-1 Å-2, respectively), illustrating the similar stabilities of lattice defects and cage-ball networks, demonstrates rationality of lattice defects. Combining STM investigations and DFT calculations, this work could provide a useful approach to investigate the 2D crystallization mechanisms of supramolecular liquid crystals on surface.


Introduction: The association of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. Women who undergo BSO at an earlier age (< 45 years) tend to have a higher ...


This study provides an overview of the dominant theoretical perspectives that IS researchers have used to study the influence of technology on organizations and their members in the last five decades. Without being exhaustive, our review of IS literature identifies, for each decade, the dominant theoretical perspectives used in the IS field. We illustrate them by selecting and describing two exemplars published in the decade and explain their implications for researchers and practitioners. The results of this study show that in each of the last five decades, a new dominant theoretical perspective was developed and adopted to extend the previous decade's rhetoric by getting even further away from technological determinism in the sixties and closer to more balanced causal arguments explaining the consequences of IT on organizations and their members. Our analysis suggests important implications for future research such as the need for IS researchers to study and theorize the materiality of IT artifacts and potential approaches that IS researchers can use by for restoring theoretical attention to material IT artifacts in IS research.


In this paper a Probe Feed Patch Antenna is designed and simulated using the Ansoft HFSS Environment. Choosing a suitable substrate material is extremely important while designing a patch antenna; because a proper selection of the substrate material is necessary to fulfill the specific antenna requirements. The overview of a Patch Antenna is given in the initial section which is followed by the design procedure. The basic characteristic features of an antenna i.e. Gain, Directivity etc. are discussed in details with relevant formulae. Benzocyclobutene, in this case, is chosen as the substrate material. The properties of Benzocyclobutene are elaborated with molecular images. The different radiation patterns and 'phi-theta' plots are generated and analyzed for studying the behavior of the patch antenna. The various steps involved in this process are substrate creation, coax creation, analysis set up and creation of generalized reports.


The application limit of the estimation method for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of composite materials under impact loading, which had been proposed by the authors, was determined by transient finite element analyses varying the dimensions of specimen and profile of incident stress wave. The error in estimating mode II dynamic energy release rate tends to decrease as the maximum acceleration at the central loading point decreases. The error can be reduced remarkably by calculating the energy release rate from the surface strain of specimen. The application limit of the proposed method was evaluated to be 4-400sec-1 in shear strain rate for the specimens of 1-5mm in thickness and 60mm in bending span, assuming the critical energy release rate (fracture toughness) to be 1500J/m2 and the allowable error to be 10%. This limit is much higher than those of the conventional methods (e.g. servohydraulic testing instrument, drop weight impact test, split Hopkinson system using step incident stress wave).


Firstly,In real normed linear spaces,the definition of e-approximate square isosceles-orthogonality preserving mapping is given. Some sufficient conditions for a linear mapping to be an e-approximate square isosceles-orthogonality preserving mapping are given. Secondly,when the mapping is bounded,the characterization of e-approximate square isosceles-orthogonality preserving linear mapping is obtained. Finally,the perturbations of e-approximate square isosceles-orthogonality preserving linear mapping are given.


Indications Ultrasound can be used in a child with a suspicion of renal pelvic dilatation, urinary tract infection, renal calculi or an abdominal mass. It can be used to investigate any suspected antenatal abnormality, congenital abnormality or malformation syndromes or as a screening of children at risk of developing a renal tumor or nephrocalcinosis. In children with hypertension, ultrasonography can be used to rule out a stenosis of the renal artery. Ultrasound can be used for evaluation of a transplanted kidney. C.E. van Die, C. Boetes Radiology Department, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands


Previous studies showed that moss stoichiometric characteristics were influenced by moss patch size, shrubs and the environment in the desert. The study of moss stoichiometry in different spatial distribution areas is crucial for an understanding of growth and adaptation strategy of the mosses. In this study, the dominant moss (Syntrichia caninervis Mitt.) of biological soil crusts, and soil under the moss patches in the Gurbantunggut Desert were selected to determine their stoichiometry in different dunes and sites. Moss stoichiometry and soil available nutrients were significantly influenced by different distribution areas except for moss C. The Naboveground  vs. Nbelowground, Paboveground  vs. Pbelowground, and Kaboveground  vs. Kbelowground scaling exponents of moss were 0.251, 0.389, 0.442, respectively. The N vs. P scaling exponents were 0.71, 0.84 in above- and below-ground parts of moss. Moss stoichiometry was disproportionately distributed in the above-ground and below-ground parts. Moreover, moss N, P and K elements were influenced by mean annual precipitation (MAP), longitude and soil nutrients. The nutrients of moss were affected by spatial distribution, mean annual temperature (MAT), MAP and soil nutrients. The growth of moss was limited by N element in the temperate desert. This study provides the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P and K of moss at different spatial scales, and explores their relationships with environmental variables, which can help understand nutrient patterns and utilization strategy of N, P and K, and their potential responses to global climate changes in desert.


As the calls for global peace and peaceful coexistence grow louder, nationalism, often tearing apart the oldest and largest democracies, emerges as one of the formidable menaces to mankind today. It is a resurgent force in major democracies across continents. In Asia and particularly in the Indian subcontinent, it emerges in response to the colonial hegemony and the emulation of Western values. But it soon assumes a religious dimension. Tagore, in its rise as a global phenomenon, sees a threat to global peace and fraternity, an onslaught on human dignity, and calls it a 'destructive enthusiasm,' an 'epidemic of evil,' an edifice of illusions, and moral annihilation. Against the background of fragile peace and shattered human existence. This study investigates how nationalism dehumanizes people, kills a human character, distorts perceptions, divests them of moral ideals, reduces a man's life to a mechanical existence, and releases a demon of ethnonationalist violence by using text analysis as its research method. The study shows how the author's cosmopolitan vision is capable of guiding mankind in these troubled times. Besides, it shows how his vision can help people overcome this mass delusion and foster global understanding and peaceful coexistence.


The cultivation experiment for Maoyou 601, an early hybrid rice variety, was conducted by using the L9(34) orthogonal design at Xixiu district with an elevation of 1380 m in 2004. The results show that 604. 5 kg/667m2 of yield can be gained under the condition of 18. 5 thousand holes/667m2 of density, 30 kg/667m2 of NH4 CO2 , 7. 5 kg/667m2 of urea, 50 kg/667m2 of P2O5and 20 kg/667m2 of KCl.


This chapter will describe the basics for text processing and give an overview of standard methods or techniques: Preprocessing of texts such as tokenisation and text segmentation. Word processing such as morphological processing, lemmatisation, stemming, compound splitting, abbreviation detection and expansion. Sentence based methods such as part-of-speech tagging, syntactical analysis or parsing, semantic analysis such as named entity recognition, negation detection, relation extraction, temporal processing and anaphora resolution. Generally, the same building blocks used for regular texts can also be utilised for clinical text processing. However, clinical texts contain more noise in the form of incomplete sentences, misspelled words and non-standard abbreviations that can make the natural language processing cumbersome. For more details on the concepts in this section, see the following comprehensible textbooks in computational linguistics: Mitkov (2005), Jurafsky and Martin (2014) and Clark et al. (2013).


The authors confirmed that bee exposure to E fields, including 100 kV/m, under the dry conditions cause no detectable effect on colony behavior. If, however, exposure occurs when moisture is present, or if bees are on a conductive surface, they become visibly disturbed, mortality is increased, abnormal propolization occurs, and colony development may be impaired. It seems plausible that bees on conductive surfaces within a hive under a 765-kV/m transmission line can perceive shocks from body currents induced by enhanced intra-hive E fields. Hives exposed under a 765-kV/m transmission line to an ambient E field of 7 kV/m have internal step-potential-induced currents and interchamber chort-circuit currents which range from one-half to several microamperes. Total hive currents can exceed 100 ..mu..A. Thus, induced hive currents exceed the empirical sting threshold by up to a factor of 100 and the E-field-induced body current by up to a factor of 1000. The degree of disturbance which could be produced by these intra-hive currents will eclipse that produced by perception of E-field-induced body currents. The authors therefore attribute the disturbance of colonies under a transmission line primarily to electric shock from induced hive currents. 10 refs., 51 figs., 18 tabs. (DT)


Objectives: To establish a scientific,integrated and operability evaluation index system on assessing check system implementation effect.Methods: Based on the results of literature review and the theory research to construct a framework of evaluation index system.Forty experts were consulted by three-round Delphi form and the weights of index were determined by AHP method.Results: The index system includes 3 first grade indicators,12 second grade indicators and 64 third grade indicators.The effective recovery rate of three rounds form was 87.0%,77.5% and 93.5% respectively.Authority coefficient was 0.90,0.90 and 0.85 respectively.Coordinate coefficient was 0.27,0.25 and 0.37(P0.05) respectively.It shows that the coordination of the expert advice was good.Conclusions: The evaluation index system is reliable,which can fill the gaps in China that lacks check quality evaluation standard,and provide an objective and quantifiable standards to promote safety and quality management of patients with continuous improvement.


Master's degree in Innovation in Public Interest Communication by the Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS). Bachelor in Social Communication, with qualifi cation in Journalism, by the same institution. She worked as a CNPq Technical Support Scholar. Member of the research group Smart Media & Users (CNPq). In this article, she contributed to the conception of the research design; development of theoretical discussion; data interpretation; support in proofreading; writing of the manuscript and revision of the foreign language version. Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS) São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com. ORCID: 0000-0001-6639-2121.


In a 1995 North American randomized trial of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis of 60% or more, 5-year risk for ipsilateral stroke was lower


Existing multi-label learning (MLL) approaches mainly assume all the labels are observed and construct classification models with a fixed set of target labels (known labels). However, in some real applications, multiple latent labels may exist outside this set and hidden in the data, especially for large-scale data sets. Discovering and exploring the latent labels hidden in the data may not only find interesting knowledge but also help us to build a more robust learning model. In this paper, a novel approach named DLCL (i.e., Discovering Latent Class Labels for MLL) is proposed which can not only discover the latent labels in the training data but also predict new instances with the latent and known labels simultaneously. Extensive experiments show a competitive performance of DLCL against other state-ofthe-art MLL approaches.


The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing as active principle a 3-guanidinocarbonyl-1-heteroaryl-pyrrole derivative of general formula (I) R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, or a halogen, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, - (CH2) mNRaRb (m = 0,1,2 or 3), S ( O) nR4 (n = 0,1,2) or polyfluoroalkyl; Ar represent a quinoline or an isoquinoline which can be joined by any of its positions at position 1 of 3-guanidinocarbonyl-1H-pyrrole and can be substituted on all their other positions with at least one alkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, alkylamino, NRaRb, alkoylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, S (O) nR4 (n = 0,1,2), carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxamide, cyano , polyfluoroalkyl, polyfluoroalkoxy, SO3H.


It is substantiated that the core of indicators and criteria for evaluating the economic efficiency of the function of economic and analytical information processing are the following main features that distinguish it from other information sets of functionally developed systems of strategic management of industrial enterprises and research and production associations: breadth of information used (planning and regulatory information, accounting and reporting subsystem information, background and technological information, etc. are used in the process of complex economic analysis and evaluation); a large amount of information stored (the amount of information that ensures the comprehensiveness of the complex economic analysis and evaluation, increases due to the fact that the complex economic analysis and evaluation of the activities of industrial enterprises and scientific and industrial associations is carried out in different time intervals, and due to the fact that the accumulation of indicators and criteria for evaluating economic efficiency in the dynamic series is necessary, while maintaining the relationship between indicators and criteria economic efficiency assessment pitches that relate to different time periods); the complexity of the relationship between the baseline indicators and the criteria for evaluating cost-effectiveness (the structure of information in the core of indicators and criteria for evaluating cost-effectiveness of a function is determined by a system of management objects, mediated by a system of indicators and criteria for evaluating cost-effectiveness, on the one hand, and the methodology of complex economic analysis and estimates – on the other hand, therefore, minimizing basic information implies the existence of complex links between indicators and criteria for evaluating cost-effectiveness); the multidimensionality of the processing of stored information (economic and analytical information obtained as a result of the processing of initial indicators and criteria for evaluating economic efficiency, must meet the requirements of decision-making in the operational management of production, in the development of current, retrospective and prospective plans, etc.). It is proved that the specified features of the kernel of general and intermediate result indicators and criteria of estimation of function efficiency make and corresponding requirements to the choice of system for coordinating it and more.


The paper provides an overview of quantitative measures of "rural" and "rurality." A distinction is made between discrete measures derived from threshold-based typologies, and continuous measures in the form of indices. We present a selection of classifications developed and employed in the United States. Subsequently the classifications are juxtaposed with an example of a continuous measure of rurality, the Index of Relative Rurality.


ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: The gold stan dard for di ag no sis of pa pil lary thyro id car ci no ma is con venti o nal his to logy, which de pends on the cha rac te ris tic nuc le ar fe a tu res, re gard less of whet her pa pil lary arc hi tec tu re is pre sent or not. This study was car ri ed on to eva lu a te the uti lity of cyto ke ra tin-19 in the di ag no sis and dif fe ren ti al di ag no sis of pa pil lary thyro id car ci no ma. Ma te ri al and Met hods: Ex pres si on of cyto ke ra tin-19 was tes ted on for ma lin-fi xed, pa raf fin-em bed ded tis su es from 380 sur gi cally re sec ted thyro id le si ons inc lu ding hyperp la sic no du les (n= 243), gra nu lo ma to us thyro i di tis (n= 3), lymphocy tic (n= 53) and Has hi mo to's thyro i di tis (n= 11), fol li cu lar ade no mas (n= 17), Hurt hle cell ade no mas (n= 4), well-dif fe ren ti a ted thyro id tu mor with fol li cu lar arc hi tec tu re of un cer ta in ma lig nant po ten ti al (n= 1), pa pil lary car ci no mas (n= 45), folli cu lar car ci no ma (n= 1), in su lar car ci no ma (n= 1), and me dul lary car ci no ma (n= 1). The im mu no re ac ti vity was sco red as ne ga ti ve, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+, ba sed on the ex tent of the re ac ti on re gard less of pre vi o us di ag no sis. Re sults: Po si ti ve re ac ti on with cyto ke ra tin-19 was de no ted in all of the 45 ca ses of pa pil lary car ci no mas with sco res of 4+, 3+ and 2+ and the ra ti os we re 57.8% (26/45), 33.3% (15/45) and 8.9% (4/45), res pec ti vely. The re se e med to be a strong dif fu se cytop las mic re ac ti vity with cyto ke ra tin-19 in pa pil lary thyro id car ci no mas. The sen si ti vity and spe ci fi city for cyto ke ra tin-19 in pa pil lary car ci no mas among ne op las tic thyro id le si ons we re 91.8% and 86.2%, res pec ti vely. Conc lu si on: In ad di ti on to ca re ful his to lo gi cal eva lu a ti on, cyto ke ra tin-19 se ems use ful for the di ag no sis of pa pil lary thyro id car ci no mas.


With the development of hardware, deep learning, which based on high computation complexity, has become a popular tool for intelligent fault diagnosis. Compared with traditional methods, fault diagnosis method based on deep learning could approximate complex non-linear relationship and achieve very high precision under the same load. However, the performance of these deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods will be greatly reduced when the load changes, which are significant in fault diagnosis issues since the working load is changing all the time in real world industrial applications. Thus, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to solve this problem. CNN is a type of neural network which can extract feature from the fault signal directly. In order to obtain sufficient fault information, the proposed method uses multi-scale convolution kernels to extract features of different scales. In addition, dropout is also added to the network to enhance the robustness and generalization capabilities of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed model not only performs well under the same load, but also achieves high fault diagnosis accuracy when the load changes.


In this paper, extending the idea presented by Takeuchi in [M. Takeuchi, Matched pairs of groups and bismash products of Hopf algebras, Comm. Algebra 9 (1981) 841–882.] and more generally by Majid in [S. Majid, Physics for algebraists: Non-commutative and non-cocommutative Hopf algebras by a bicrossproduct construction, J. Algebra 130(1) (1990) 17–64.], we introduce the notion of partial matched pair [Formula: see text] involving the concepts of partial action and partial coaction between two bialgebras [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we present sufficient conditions for the corresponding bismash product [Formula: see text] to generate a new Hopf algebra and, as illustration, a family of examples is provided. Moreover, under some hypotheses such sufficient conditions are also necessary conditions.


Data mining is a task of extracting useful patterns/episodes from large databases. Sequence data can be modelled using episodes. An episode is serial if the underlying temporal order is total. An episode rule of associating two episodes suggests a temporal implication of the antecedent episode to the consequent episode. We present two sound and complete mining algorithms for finding frequent and confident serial-episode association rules with their ideal occurrence/window widths, if existing, in event sequences based on the notion of minimal occurrences constrained by constant and mean maximum gap, respectively. Two empirical studies are summarised: one focused on the absence of dependencies of local-maximum confidence on the ideal occurrence/window widths in synthetic random datasets, and the other on the applicability of the episode-rule mining algorithms with a set of earthquake data.


Can people protect their reputations? What if someone is circulating vicious lies about them? The US Supreme Court has given broad protection to libelous statements, saying that it must do so in order to allow "breathing space" for free speech. That idea is a cornerstone of the law of free speech. But in the modern era, and in light of the potentially devastating effects of falsehoods on individual lives and democracy itself, constitutional law should be updated. People should be allowed to demand retractions when they have been libeled, and they should also be able to obtain at least a modest amount of compensation. Much more needs to be done to allow people to protect their good name.


The banks are engaged in exdending loans and advances to the different segment of the society for various puposes for meeting business and personal requirements. The loans and advances provided becomes assets in banks, Balance sheet. The banks have to maintain the efficiency of those assets. Banks deal in public money and it becomes their prime responsibility to repay these liabilities on time to its customer as per their wish. Banks are required to manintain their financial viability through increased profits and profitability.prior to new economic reforms in India in 1991 banks used to extend loan in their usual way as to provide loans in large extend to big business house and industries. So the chances of diversificaton was less in these situations and in case one  big enterprise becomes defaulter the chances of viability for the banks arises itself.


Cylindera (Cylinderina) sierramadrensis Wiesner and Dheurle, new species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) is described from Luzon. Re-descriptions of the other seven species of this subgenus (C. (C.) nanula (Horn, 1937), C. (C.) nana (Schaum, 1862), C. (C.) pseudonana (Horn, 1924), C. (C.) werneri Wiesner, 1988, C. (C.) rothschildi (Horn, 1896), C. (C.) genieri Cassola and Werner, 2003, C. (C.) vandenberghei Dheurle, 2016) are provided together with a key and pictures of their habitus, labrum and aedeagus.


A key policy decision on flood prevention programs for the greater Taipei area was implemented in 1970. Consequently, separate pathways to development has shaped and agonized residents of Shezi. Shezi (see the Map), the study site for Shezi Project proposed by Soochow University, Taipei, will be the focus of this paper.


The importance of aerodynamic interactions associated with external flow-field effects on turbulent jet exhaust plume structure is discussed. A viscous/inviscid prediction technique is presented which combines the overlaid mixing and inviscid plume components of the JANNAF Standardized Plume Flow-Field (SPF) model with inviscid external flow and boundary-layer analyses for treating nozzle afterbodies at subsonic/transonic speeds. Validation of the technique via comparisons between predictions and experiment for cold-air jet plumes is presented. Predicted spatial temperature distributions for hot, nonafterburning plumes are presented and compared to results obtained from more simplified prediction techniques in order to assess the importance of the aerodynamic interactions associated with external boundary layers and pressure gradients. It is demonstrated that these interactions play a significant role in determining the near-field turbulent mixing and inviscid plume shock structure. The implication of these results to plume radiation predictions is discussed.


Phase Locked Loops are key element in RF and mixed signal ICs. They are used as frequency synthesizers to generate multiple on chip frequencies. The output characteristics of PLL based frequency synthesizer are Tuning Range of frequency, Phase Noise and Frequency Resolution. Ideally output of frequency synthesizer is pure sinusoidal waveform. But practically, its power spectrum shows a peak at desired frequency with sidebands. The uncertainty of a synthesizer's output can be measured by its phase noise or spur level at a certain frequency offset from the desired carrier frequency. Phase noise degrades quality of output waveform and hence careful design is necessary. This paper compares different topologies for low phase noise Integer-N phase locked loop in Ku band (12GHz-18GHz). The best topology suitable for wide band PLL can be selected considering phase noise as primary element and area and power consumption as secondary. The chosen topology should mitigate severe trade off between the channel frequency spacing and frequency switching time.


Detection and photometry of sources in the Un, G, ℛ, and Ks bands in a 9 × 9 arcmin2 region of the sky, centered on the Hubble Deep Field, are described. The data permit construction of complete photometric catalogs to roughly Un = 25, G = 26, ℛ = 25.5, Ks = 20 mag and significant photometric measurements somewhat fainter. The galaxy number density is 1.3 × 105 deg-2 to ℛ = 25.0 mag. Galaxy number counts have slopes d log N/dm = 0.42, 0.33, 0.27, and 0.31 in the Un, G, ℛ, and Ks bands, consistent with previous studies and the trend that fainter galaxies are, on average, bluer. Galaxy catalogs selected in the ℛ and Ks bands are presented, containing 3607 and 488 sources in field areas of 74.8 and 59.4 arcmin2, to ℛ = 25.5 and Ks = 20 mag.


This paper presents a wideband and low-loss high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter (BPF) using a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). The filter resonates at 2.6 GHz for LTE2600 application. The structure is designed in an entirely printed circuit technology based on the CRLH theory and its equivalent circuit. For the same center frequency, fractional bandwidth and stop-band attenuation, the presented CRLH SIR BPF proves to surpass its conventional counterpart in terms of size without degradation in performance. The CRLH SIR BPF is also significantly more controllable in its dimensions and response due to the fact that more elementary parameters are available in the CRLH configuration. The proposed filter is simulated and measured, and the measurement results match well with the simulation results. Good properties of low in-band insertion loss, good out-band rejection, and compact size have been achieved and verified. Intermodulation distortion (IMD) and the transmission properties at different temperatures are used to investigate the nonlinearity of the HTS filter. IMD can also clarify the power-handling capability of the filter.


A density functional study of singlet and triplet state fullerene carbenes is performed, using the M06-2X/CRENBL ECP, M06-2X/Def2-SV(P), and M06-2X/LANL2DZ levels of theory. The structures of two model carbenes (C60–E–C60 and C70–E–C70; E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) in their closed-shell singlet and open-shell triplet states are obtained. The theoretical computations suggest that the formation of C60–E–C60 should be energetically more feasible than that of C70-E-C70 (E = C, Si, and Ge). In particular, the C70–E–C70 species with tin and lead should be relatively difficult to produce, from the viewpoint of bonding dissociation energy. The theoretical evidence also suggests that the bulky substituents that occupy the inner side of C60–E–C60 and C70–E–C70 should make the triplet ground state easily achievable. These theoretical findings show that both the relativistic effect and steric effect play an essential role in determining the electronic states of fullerene carbenes.


ABSTRACTThis paper identified the components of interactivity and investigated the impact of perceived interactivity on customer trust and transaction intentions in e-commerce. Data for this study were gathered in 2011 by means of a questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of 512 graduate students and business workers in Kaohsiung, Taiwan and Shanghai, China. Owing to the problem of dilution of measuring results due to the traditional linguistic value in which every scale interval is equal can be solved by using the fuzzy linguistic scale. Therefore, the empirical results indicate that the level of perceived interactivity is a major determinant of e-trust and e-loyalty through the fuzzy linguistic questionnaire. The findings suggest that perceived interactivity has positive effects on the user that ultimately result in e-loyalty behavior. Further, the fuzzy linguistic scale enables researchers not only to deal with different recognition styles, but also to notice differences in individuals by providing different linguistic variable combinations for researching purpose. Finally, the outcomes will be of interest to web designers and online marketers for how to enhance interactive online web applications.Keywords: Perceived Interactivity, e-Loyalty, e-Trust, Fuzzy linguistic scale, e-Consumer Behaviors(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. Introduction and Research BackgroundOver the past decade, the Internet has caused significant changes in the marketing, advertising and communications industries. However, although it is widely acknowledged that the Internet can be an effective marketing tool [Kim, 2011; Park and Park, 2009; Chung and Zhao, 2004; Cook and Coupey, 1998], as well as a medium to maintain good relationships with customers [Liao et al., 2011], very little is known about the factors that make using the Web a compelling experience for its users, and of the key consumer behavior outcomes of this compelling experience. [Chen and Wells, 1999; Korgaonkar and Wolin, 1999]. These pioneering studies have illuminated how interactivity, along with other constructs such as involvement and attitude, can be incorporated into an existing framework of consumer information processing. However, there has been little agreement among researchers on how interactivity should be conceptualized [Heeter, 2000]. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the impact of the perceptions of various interactive components on website usage intentions and customer trust in an e-commerce environment, by developing a comprehensive model and employing large empirical sample in our tests. In order to provide a solid theoretical basis for examining consumer behavior in an e-commerce context, this paper integrates two important streams of literature: those on interactivity [Cyr et al., 2009; Dholakia and Fortin, 2000; McMillan and Hwang, 2002], and on trust and e-loyalty [Lee, 2005; Cyr et al., 2009; van der Heijden and Junglas, 2006].The questionnaire always plays a significant part in social science studies. It is also useful in collecting and analyzing data and in making sure if the assumption is correct. To construct an ordinal scale standard, researchers, for their own convenience, often adopt the Likert Scale and the semantic differential scale on the application of marketing research. However, in empirical studies, these two scales are usually assumed as interval. Studies conducted by scholars domestically and internationally also show that equal-distance scale unavoidably produces the result of incorrect estimate of factors. This paper adopted Chu [2010] the process of a "fuzzy linguistic scale" to solve the linguistic scale transformation problems generated by the traditional quantitative methods based on Likert scale and semantic scale, and to reduce the difficulties of answering the fuzzy questionnaire. Given the lack of theoretical development in terms of the role of interactivity, this study seeks to understand how several key personal characteristics might influence consumer' perception of a website's interactivity. …


World Health Organization defines "health" as a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.1 "Geriatrics" is the branch of medicine dealing with the physiologic characteristics of aging and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the aged. In most of the countries in the world including India, the cutoff point for geriatric age is 60 years.2 Geriatrics grows increasingly important as modern medicine and rising standard of living have lengthened life expectancy, resulting in increased proportion of aged persons in society. Elderly persons show lot of variation in age-related physiological decline and medical disorders. The age-related decline in muscle strength, vision, memory, locomotion, nutrition, immunity and homeostasis progress slowly. However, the onset of disease may be abrupt, the course of illness varying, complications severe and dreadful. Many chronic diseases increase in prevalence with age and some elderly seem more susceptible to co-occurring problems compared to others. Chronic diseases and disabilities lead to increased use of health care resources and health care expenditure.


1. In each of the three plants studied the embryo is small, surrounded by a large amount of endosperm richly stored with starch. 2. In each case the cotyledonar primordium is a broad, ridge-like structure open at one side. This ridge later bifurcates opposite the opening to form two lobes, the cotyledons. The two notches soon become of almost equal depth, so that older stages do not give a correct impression of the origin of the cotyledons. 3. In Podophyllum a long cotyledonar tube is formed, and in Caulophyllum the edges of the cotyledons are close together. The plumule of Jeffersonia is not inclosed in either way. 4. The plumule is not well developed in any of these embryos, but has a central origin in each.


Physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Astragalus membranaceus were examined and the antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were measured. The hot water extract of Astragalus membranaceus was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and each of these fractions was individually assayed. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were 89.96% and 87.36%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the hot water extract showed a plasmin activity of 0.41 units/ml. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest with a value of 82.73%. The hot water extract displayed a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 64.91%. In conclusion, the hot water extract and the ethyl acetate fraction can be used as materials for the development of biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.


Crack Opening Displacement (COD) concept, an engineering criterion for the initiation of brittle fracture in low carbon steel, has proved itself so effective that proposals have been made on a standard test procedure for determining the critical COD delta sub c as a fracture toughness value, and on the basis of the aforementioned concept defect evaluation standards have been established. However, several matters have to be settled. That the relation between the applied stress and COD can be evaluated correctly only in an ideal state is among them. For this reason, difficulties are often encountered when an assessment of degree of safety against brittle fracture of structural members is attempted on the basis of the COD concept. In this paper, the author proposes a simplified method for evaluating the relationship between applied stress and COD under a unified process as a breakthrough for this problem. By the use of the proposed method, estimation of COD under complex conditions, analytical approach to which has been unavailable so far, and in reverse, evaluation of fracture strength from delta sub c value are attempted whereby the adequacy of the proposed method is discussed. Additional discussions are made on the relationship between the COD obtained by the proposed method and the overall strain.


R ecently, there have been a number of technical papers analyzing the mechanical behavior of rectangular cross section thermoplastic structural foams s under three-point loading (1). If twocomponent foam models are excluded for the moment, it is apparent that there are three general classes of models. The first, espoused by Throne, Pramuk, Egli, and others (2-4) assumes that the basic stiffness equation:


Today, research libraries are faced with the challenge of retaining an effective staff who have the skills necessary to respond to new and changing circumstances and increased user demands. Ways must be found not only to reduce stress and prevent burnout but also to sustain a level of interest and job satisfaction among staff sufficient to ensure a high level of performance. The elements of job attitudes and their relationship to performance output are analyzed. Factors which lead to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are explored. Steps which library administrators and managers can take to improve job satisfaction are suggested


The article presents structural analysis of property in terms of its two basic elements: public and private property. Much attention is given to the criteria of efficiency estimation of functioning of these property kinds, and to expediency substantiation of privatization and property nationalization. The optimum principle of property structure in economic system is suggested. Proceeding from substantiation of theoretical criteria of privatization and nationalization in the economy, general mistakes and consequences of privatization in transitive economies are analyzed on the example of Russian economic system. The basic institutions of business activity are examined in the article demonstrating the model of the state as an entrepreneur which deals with privatization and nationalization at a certain period of time. Basic principles and evaluation indicators of effectiveness and management of the process of 'state business' are worked out.


The trienic primary product formed in the photochemical ring opening of the cyclohexadienic isodypnopinacolone follows two different photoreaction pathways: a [4π+2π] cycloaddition and a [6π+2π] reaction involving the conjugated carbonyl group.


This report is a tool for preliminary assessment of the feasibility of introducing large-scale incineration plants into the waste management systems of major cities in developing countries. This Guide identifies the most important factors in assessing short- and long-term viability of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Because MSW plants are capital-intensive and require high maintenance costs and comparatively higher technically trained operators, they are commonly adopted by developed countries. However, they may make MSW incineration beyond the reach of many developing countries. This Guide aims to reduce such mistakes by clarifying some of the basic requirements for a successful incineration plant project. Fulfillment of the key criteria of the Guide does not necessarily mean that a project is feasible. Compliance with the key criteria simply allows the project proposer to proceed with proper feasibility study with limited risks of a negative outcome. Non-compliance with one or more of the mandatory key criteria, however, indicates a significant risk that the project is not institutionally, economically, technically, or environmentally feasible. Therefore, either the project should be redesigned, or the unfulfilled criteria should be studied in depth to clarify their influence on the project viability.


The methods of research of the air environment, requirements for microclimate estimation, determination of physical, chemical and biological properties of air of livestock premises in the conditions of the NNDC of the Belotserkiv NAU are described. Each classroom includes independent tasks and questions for self-control.


Income dynamics differ between groups of households defined by whether the head has university education or not and have changed asymmetrically in Great Britain since 2008. Using a heterogeneous agent incomplete markets model, we examine the quantitative im- plications of these differences for wealth inequality and for the distribution of conditional welfare losses. Within-group wealth inequality is higher for the non-university group and has increased since 2008 for both groups, while between-group inequality has also increased. Welfare losses are significantly higher for the non-university educated since 2008, and are driven by both a greater fall in mean income and a larger rise in income risk. Non-university educated households, which had initial wealth below the median and net labour income in the lower quintiles, suffered bigger losses. Social insurance policies be-yond those currently in place can mitigate such welfare losses via tax and benefit redis- tributive mechanisms. For the broad majority of households, social insurance is valued more when it insures against the big adverse income shocks. asymmetric changes in income dynamics, since 2008, on the distribution of conditional welfare losses for these groups. This is motivated by empirical evidence for Great Britain which shows differences in income dynamics between households that vary with respect to university education. Focusing on groups of households whose head has a university education or not, wealth data from the Wealth and Asset Survey (WAS) 2006–2016 reveals that wealth inequality is higher for the non-university educated group, and that both between and within group inequality have increased since the first wave of WAS in 20 06–20 08. Using income data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) 1991–2008 and WAS 2010–2016, we also find differences in the net labour income processes between groups and that these


Agricultural credit is the most significant factor in the Indian agricultural sector. The paper discusses the access of institutional credit to agriculture, and helps understand the challenges faced by the tribal farmers to obtain agricultural credit, and the determinants of institutional agricultural credit at households' (HHs) level in the backward region of Odi:sha. The study used primary data collected from 475 farm tribal HHs of Kalahandi, Bolangiri and Koraput (KBK) districts in Odisha. The study found that increasing agricultural credit is greater in indirect finance than direct finance; in the same manner, a greater amount of credit is disbursed for the short term than the long term. Collateral issues, less awareness due to less education among farmers, low density of financial institutions in village areas, lack of finance as per demand, diversifying the loans from productive purpose to consumption purpose, and non-repayment of loan due to crop loss are different constraints faced by the farmers in Odisha.


of high mobility channels materials like Ge. The introduction of Ge as channel material has already shown significant interests in term of device performance enhancement [1,2]. However, the use of Ge in CMOS integration has raised new challenges in terms of clean or wet etch steps since significant Ge loss occurs when it oxidizes in aqueous media.


Beach litter is a serious landscape and biological hazard. Removing litter from beaches is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To keep the beach clean, this work proposes an automatic beach trash removing system that integrates trash detection and unmanned trash collecting vehicle. This system uses deep-learning techniques to detect beach trash and sends the detection results to a single chip system to control the moving direction of the unmanned trash collecting vehicle. The system has been tested on the beach of Penghu to verify the feasibility of the proposed


In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of orbits of an asymptotically nonexpansive semigroup for a right reversible semitopological semigroup G, defined on a weakly compact convex subset C of Banach spaces with Opial's condition for any


This paper presents a review of the research activities carried out at the Laboratory for Electroheat of Padova University (LEP) in the field of high efficiency through heating of aluminum workpieces. Induction heating obtained by rotating a billet in a DC magnetic field produced by superconductive coils was the first attempt to reach high electrical efficiency in mass heating of high conductive metals, like aluminum, copper and brass. More recently, the same concept has been applied by rotating rare earth permanent magnets around a metal billet kept in a fixed position. This technology appears much more promising because of lower cost of installation and a more robust mechanical design.


As an important part of the synchrotron radiation facility, the beam monitor is used to monitor the beam's position, intensity and distribution in the SR beamline's diagnostic, commissioning and real time monitoring. A new type of beam monitor based on Si-PIN photodiode has been developed for the newly constructed 1W1B-XAFS beamline. This beam monitor is combined with fixed slit and Be window. Being simple, reliable and low cost, the new beam monitor is mainly used for beamline alignment and monitoring beam intensity. The principle and construction are discussed, and the operation modes and testing results are described in this paper.


We have investigated the molecular-beam epitaxial growth and structural and photoluminescence characteristics of self-organized InAs∕GaAs quantum dot bilayers, in which a first seed layer of stressor dots is followed by a GaAs barrier layer and a second layer of active dots. At room temperature, the peak emission wavelength is at ∼1.4μm. By optimizing the growth parameters for both dot layers and the GaAs barrier layer, we have measured photoluminescence linewidths of 10.6 and 17.5meV at 20 and 300K, respectively. The measurement and analysis of temperature-dependent photoluminescence data indicate that there is no observable carrier redistribution amongst the dots with an increase of temperature and there is a high degree of size uniformity. The photoluminescence linewidth of 17.5meV at 300K is almost identical to that measured in the emission from a single dot, indicating that the linewidth is determined by homogeneous broadening.


We study nonclassical features of multiphoton light emitted by clusters of single-photon emitters. As signatures of nonclassicality, we use violation of inequalities for normalized correlation functions of different orders or the probabilities of multiphoton detection. In particular, for clusters of 2–14 colloidal CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods we observe antibunching and nonclassicality of up to the fourth-order. Surprisingly, violation of certain classical inequalities gets even more pronounced for larger clusters.


AIM:To investigate the dynamic changes of T cells in different stage of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis(EAU) and supply technical guide for optimal treatment protocols and curative effect evaluation of uveoretinitis.METHODS:EAU was induced in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous immunization of CFA+PTX+IRBP in hind limb and empennage.Peripheral blood flowcytometry was performed at 3,7,14,21 and 28 days after immunization,respectively.RESULTS:After immunization with specific antigen IRBP,clinical assessment showed EAU occurred at 14 days and became severe at 21 days,but gradually relieved at 28 days.Accompanying with intraocular inflammation of EAU,both CD4+CD25+ T regular cells and CD4+CD3+ helper T cells increased.Especially,CD4+CD25+ T regular cells increased more obviously at 21 days.The number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regular cells had a great raising and gradually reduction after 28 days.The ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD4+CD25-Foxp3+ had a piecemeal increase after 3 days and reached the peak at 21 days then reduced at 28 days.CONCLUSION:The groups of CD4+CD25+/-Foxp3+ T regular cells have a close relationship with the development and turnover of EAU.The groups of CD4+CD25+/-Foxp3+ T regular cells provide a new thread for clarity remission mechanism of EAU,prevention and treatment of EAU.


Objective To detect the patholgical changes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with magnetic resonance spectrum imaging (MRSI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to compare their differences and values in the diagnosis of ALS. Methods Twelve ALS patients were compared to 12 normal controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured at various locations in the corticospinal tract (CST), including the subcortical white matter (SWM), centrum semiovale (CS), periventricular white matter (PV), posterior limb of the internal capsule (PIC) and cerebral peduncle (CP), and the ratio of N-acetyl-asparte (NAA) to creatine (Cr) were measured at SWM, PV and PIC. Results ALS showed significantly lower FA than controls in the CST, including the SWM, CS, PV and PIC (P0.001). Although there was a trend towards elevated MD in ALS, this did not reach statistical significance. NAA/Cr ratios were also decreased in ALS compared to normal controls (P0.05), with significant differences at the SWM and PV but not in PIC. The T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR of ALS and normal control groups showed that there was no significant difference on MRI between the 2 groups. Conclusion The combination of whole-brain DTI and MRSI can in vivo detect axonal degeneration along CST in ALS patients. Measurements of FA in the SWM, CS, PV and PIC, and NAA/Cr ratios in the SWM and PV can offer the most powerful clues. The MRI changes can not tell ALS from normal control.


The time warp synchronization protocol for parallel discrete event simulation is characterized by aggressiveness and risk. The former property refers to greediness in the execution of unsafe events. The latter one refers to greediness in the notification of new events produced by aggressive event execution. Both these properties are potential sources for rollback occurrence/spreading. We present a scheduling algorithm for the selection of the next LP to be run on a processor which tends to keep low the joint impact of these two properties on the experienced amount of rollback. Reduction of negative effects of aggressiveness and risk is achieved by giving higher priority to the LPs whose next event has low probability to be undone due to rollback and has low fan-out, that is, notifies few new events. Our algorithm differs from most previous solutions in that they miss a direct control on the effects due to risk. These solutions could originate poor performance for applications with high variance of the number of new events notified which is an indicator of the risk associated with event execution.


The stability of the interface of two superposed streams is studied by extending the theory of Helmholtz stability to include the viscosity and surface tension in the waves. The two uniform layers of incompressible fluids are of different densities, viscosities and stream velocities. Gravity, Taylor acceleration, and surface tension are taken into consideration. An approximate theory is developed and is valid in three ranges of wave numbers. Neutral stability, rate of growth, and rate of decay are illustrated graphically.


Caragana korshinskii K.typically develops a stout tap-root from the crown following destruction of aboveground shoots,when non-structural carbohydrate(TNC) from roots will supply for the aboveground growth.However,very little is known about the effect of consecutive clipping on resource change in roots and about the role of TNC in the growth and persistence.Consecutive clipping would remove all current year growth tissues,including stem and leaves,and result in no photosynthesis.The study included 4 treatments: treatment 1-control,shrubs were kept intact after clipping on 28 March;treatment 2-removed all aboveground tissues every three days from first sprout to 9 June;treatment 3-removed all aboveground tissues every three days from first sprout to 24 June;treatment 4-removed all aboveground tissues every three days from first sprout to 15 July. Results showed that treatment 3 and treatment 4,with higher starch concentrations,had higher TNC levels than treatment 1 and treatment 2 during July,suggesting that root reserves of C.korshinskii K.were used to support aboveground growth.Consecutive clipping reduced TNC levels in roots in treatment 3 and treatment 4,suggesting that root reserves were mainly used to maintain shrub's persistence.During late autumn,we counted current year shoot number of each shrub and calculated current year shoots per removed shoot,the result showed that there was no statistical difference between treatments,suggesting that C.korshinskii has strongly ability to tolerate damage.


Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, the physical conditions of learning environments and the measures taken within the scope of combating the epidemic have made blended teaching practices, including distance education, much more important. With this study, it is aimed to shed light on the opinions and experiences of the academicians, who are thought to have a higher assumption of experiencing the blended teaching method, regarding the use of the blended method at the higher education level during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, a mixed research methodology was adopted in which quantitative and qualitative data were used together by using a convenient sampling method. In this context, the data collection tool was shared with the academicians via the LinkedIn network. 58 academicians from 16 universities participated in the research. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) were used in the analysis of Likert-type quantitative questions, and content analysis was used in the analysis of qualitative data. According to the findings of the study, academics who stated that they could possibly teach with the blended method in the future stated that their educational experience in blended courses was better than in face-to-face courses without any web component. On the other hand, academics mostly stated that the amount of interaction in blended courses is lower than in face-to-face courses. Together with these findings, it is understood that academicians perceive the quality of interaction in blended courses as similar to the quality of interaction in face-to-face courses. According to academics, the most positive aspects of using the blended method in lessons are the use of technological opportunities, flexibility of space, flexibility of time and equality of opportunity. The most negative aspects of using the blended method are attendance problems, lack of communication, infrastructure problems and technological inadequacies and workload. It is understood that the materials, tools or technologies that academicians use most in blended courses are need-oriented trainings (web 2.0, web, innovation, technique, etc.), video and audio peripherals, online content, virtual reality technology and a powerful computer. Although some of the academicians stated that their experiences in blended courses affected their face-to-face courses, almost half of them stated that their blended course experiences did not affect their face-to-face courses. These results may guide both present and future policies and procedures for blended learning in general.  Article visualizations:


An apparatus and methods for softening water is disclosed. In particular, an apparatus and method for softening water without the addition of ions the wastewater stream is disclosed. The apparatus generally includes at least one nanofiltration filter element configured and arranged to receive an input flow of hard water, discharge an output flow of permeate water comprising a portion of the input flow, and discharge an output flow of non-permeate water comprising a portion of the input flow. The nanofiltration filter element typically has an average pore size that permits the passage of water and monovalent ions but substantially prevents the passage of divalent ions.


Tables of electronic radial functions are presented. The finite nuclear size effects and the finite deBroglie wave length effects were incorporated in this work. A brief summary of the formulation of the problem is given. (M.C.G.)


It was conducted a genetic analysis of prolificacy and survival of the Merina breed lambs from birth to end of fattening. Univariate analysis, with a threshold model for prolificacy, and an animal model with REML methodology, for survival at the end of fattening, was performed. The estimation of genetic parameters determined a prolificacy heritability (h2) equal to 0.115 (0.166 and 0.171 for direct genetic effects and maternal effects, respectively) and equal to 0.072 for postnatal survival (0.176 for direct genetic effects and 0.040 for maternal effects). Additionally, the genetic correlation between the two traits was -0.044 and -0.201, for direct and maternal genetic effects. These h2 are high enough to ensure a positive response to selection for both prolificacy and survival until the end of fattening. However, given the negative genetic correlation between the two types of traits, selection for improved prolificacy should be accompanied both for environmental and genetic improvement of the lambs survival capacity, if you do not want to penalize the lambs weight growth born with increased mortality.


The very low summer extent of Arctic sea ice that has been observed in recent years is often casually interpreted as an early‐warning sign of anthropogenic global warming. For examining the validity of this claim, previously IPCC model simulations have been used. Here, we focus on the available observational record to examine if this record allows us to identify either internal variability, self‐acceleration, or a specific external forcing as the main driver for the observed sea‐ice retreat. We find that the available observations are sufficient to virtually exclude internal variability and self‐acceleration as an explanation for the observed long‐term trend, clustering, and magnitude of recent sea‐ice minima. Instead, the recent retreat is well described by the superposition of an externally forced linear trend and internal variability. For the externally forced trend, we find a physically plausible strong correlation only with increasing atmospheric CO2concentration. Our results hence show that the observed evolution of Arctic sea‐ice extent is consistent with the claim that virtually certainly the impact of an anthropogenic climate change is observable in Arctic sea ice already today.


Phage-encoded serine integrases mediate directionally regulated site-specific recombination between short attP and attB DNA sites without host factor requirements. These features make them attractive for genome engineering and synthetic genetics, although the basis for DNA site selection is poorly understood. Here we show that attP selection is determined through multiple proofreading steps that reject non-attP substrates, and that discrimination of attP and attB involves two critical site features: the outermost 5–6 base pairs of attP that are required for Int binding and recombination but antagonize attB function, and the "discriminators" at positions −15/+15 that determine attB identity but also antagonize attP function. Thus, although the attachment sites differ in length and sequence, only two base changes are needed to convert attP to attL, and just two more from attL to attB. The opposing effect of site identifiers ensures that site schizophrenia with dual identities does not occur.


The capability of automatic fire sprinklers in extinguishing transformer fire is validated through simulation fire extinguishing test and practical application.The fire extinguishing theory of automatic fire sprinklers is briefly described.With the analysis of parts and reasons that set transformers ablaze,it is indicated that fire on transformers is preventable.


Abstract : Research was continued on the development of a K-band three-part duplexer with extremely low leakage power characteristics. A decision was made as to the choice of the final limiter to be employed in the duplexer. Work on the ferrite limiter and multipactor limiter was terminated. The technical efforts were directed toward a limiter which will incorporate both the TR tube and semiconductor device. The TR tube will be a long life gas TR to be operated without keepalive voltage. The semiconductor limiter well be either a pin or varactor diode and will follow the TR tube and attenuate the leakage power of the TR tube to the extent where overall limitering of the TR tube and semiconductor limiter meet the contract leakage power and loss requirements. (Author)


Satellite remote sensing provides an important basis for studying routine land cover dynamics, especially in difficult and inaccessible terrain with complex physiography. Land cover change and patch analysis was done for the hilly terrain of North District, Sikkim state between the period of January 1997 and November 2002. 10-land cover classes were derived using unsupervised classification technique and change analysis was done following post-classification comparison method. Majority of the land cover changes were attributed to seasonal snow cover, agricultural activities and deforestation. Analysis of mean patch size and mean patch shape indicates spatial heterogeneity of the landscape. The mean patch shape of forest cover was observed to be higher than rest of the land cover categories. Patch size distribution revealed that snow cover, dense forests and forest blanks occur with higher degree of contiguity. In North district, the altitude ranges between ca 350m and 8588m (height of Mount Kanchenjunga) in a small area of about 4295 km2, where image-to-image misregistration is imminent in absence of an accurate digital terrain model. This became the basis for calculating the misregistration bias in land cover changes. An estimation using PAR (perimeter area ratio) as an index revealed that highly dispersed and adjacent patches have higher misregistration bias and vice versa. The land cover change accuracy has dropped to a maximum of 11% within 1.04 (~1) pixel of misregistration as revealed by the study. This method of PAR provides one of the simplest and definite methodologies in calculating misregistration bias in post-classification based change detection exercise.


The paper focuses on the means of support during soldiers' labor market integration after the termination of military contracts. To find out how the military personnel of the Czech Armed Forces cope with their training for a second career and whether they are interested in the support tools used abroad, the research included 176 students of military studies at the University of Defence and 284 soldiers in active military service. Broadening their knowledge and skills for a better opportunity in the labor market is the wish of 90 % of respondents. More than four-fifths of the respondents have not started training for their second career yet. According to the results, the respondents are interested in helping with preparation for a second career. However, compared to other NATO countries, a systematic approach is not being applied in the Czech Republic at this time.


This paper investigates the wireless surveillance with a legitimate monitor (E) over hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) based suspicious communications between a suspicious transmitter (S) and a suspicious destination (D). Specifically, with the HARQ protocol, S uses at most <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L \geq 2$</tex-math></inline-formula> transmission rounds (TRs) for delivering the same message to D. Under this setup, <italic>E deliberately jams D at each TR to decrease its signal receiving quality, so as to induce S to consume more TRs for transmitting its message. Then, as a reward, E at these TRs can overhear the suspicious message from S more clearly</italic>. Our purpose is to maximize E's eavesdropping success probability, by allocating its jamming power at these <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> TRs, subject to its power budget constraint. The problem is highly non-convex. To solve it, we first exploit the general successive convex approximation (SCA) approach to determine the iterative solution. Considering the large complexity of the SCA-based approach, we further develop an easy-to-implement Lagrange multiplier method to find the sub-optimal solution. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes increase the eavesdropping success probability as compared with several benchmarks.


Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) is a widely used herb in South Asia. The previous studies suggest thatit possesses various pharmacological activities such as anti-amoebic, antibacterial, anti diarrheal, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Various other effects like antimalarial, antimutagenicity, antimycobacterial, antioxidants, hypoglycemic have also been studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate hepatoprotective activity and phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus. The aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citrates was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight orally for 15 days to normal healthy rabbit. The activity of extract was evaluated by determining enzyme level. The biochemical parameters, Alkaline phosphate (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) , gamma transaminase (GT) and Total bilirubin (TB) were analyzed and the degree of improvement in these enzyme levels were evaluated. The levels of biochemical parameters were compared with Control group. The Cymbopogon citratus extract at a dose of 200 mg/ kg exhibited significant difference. Reduction in biochemical parameter (ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GT and TB) were observed. Furthermore, the photochemical profile of the extract revealed the presence of bioactive elements which may be responsible for antioxidant effect. The result suggests that Cymbopogon citratus possesses significant hepatoprotective activity and this may be due to presence of different bioactive components.


was supposed that the Divine Spirit revealed to these men the future with greater or less exactness -of detail, and that every word they uttered would find its fulfilment in later history. Jews and Christians alike adopted this interpretation, and if .any element in the prophetic message failed to materialize, the only possible inference was that fulfilment was delayed, and the consummation of the word was postponed to a date still further in the future. Hence from the great body of sunfulfilled prophecy ' was deduced a whole system, and, in particular, the doctrines of the Messiah and of the Divine judgment, originally distinct, were combined to form a picture of the end of things. In fine, prophecy was so interpreted as to make it appear identical with eschatology. This method of interpretation, then, dominated for many centuries the whole of that world which


In this paper, a novel common-mode (CM) model with coupling parameters is established of induction motor. Based on this model, the shaft voltage and bearing current problems are analyzed deeply in motor drive system. The path of the bearing current is confirmed and the reduction methods are proposed. Simulation and experiment results are presented to indicate the proposed model validity. This model can provide effective analysis and simulation means for researching the correct method to cancel and reduce the shaft voltage and bearing current.


In this paper, thin film micro inductor was investigated from the stand point of increased quality factor (Q) and inductance (L). To obtain a high Q, it is important to use a magnetic core in which iron loss is small in high frequency. The thin micro film inductor was prepared using multi-layered CoNbZr/ AIN film. The best condition for high Q was investigated by changing the size of magnetic core and structure of multilayer and exciting coil. The Q and L are increased with decreasing thickness of one magnetic layer and increasing one interlayer. The demagnetization of open magnetic circuit of inductor is decreased by using multi-layered magnetic core. The stray capacitance between coil and magnetic core is dominant in these thin film inductors. It was found that multi-layered magnetic core is useful to increase the Q value and L of thin film inductors in high frequency. The experimental inductor in which iron and copper loss are decreased by multi-layered core and thick coil shows L= 120 nH, Q= 18 at 50 MHz in its size of 0.5 mm×2.5 mm×35μm


Agricultural products, commodity prices and international trade play a preeminant role in affecting the global economy and particularly world hunger. This paper specifically reviews some of the changes which have occurred in these two latter areas over the past decade related to agricultural products. It discusses a variety of issues relating to international commodity markets, international financial markets, domestic fiscal and monetary policies, farm price and income support policies in the OECD countries, the green revolution in developing countries and multilateral trade negotiations.