Textures and structures in seemingly chaotic debris avalanche breccia could provide information about emplacement kinematics and dynamics, if suitable methodologies for description and interpretation are developed. Here we investigate breccia in two volcanic debris avalanches, developing ways of describing them. In previous seemingly chaotic breccia, we can now find structure and sequences of events. In the Cheix unit (French Massif Central, < 1Ma), the clasts have different structures with a specific distribution on and between clasts. There is a general breccia structure with conjugate fracture systems. For blocks (=clasts) surface structures are an oriented abrasion, impact structures. Internal structures can be brittle or ductile and there can be schistosity development in sedimentary clasts, often associated with interactive structures and displacement between the clasts. We observe a preservation of preferentially orientated structures, which implies that a coherent and persistent structure is maintained in the deposit during transport. There is also a specific distribution of structures on blocks (e.g. upstream abrasion, lower downstream brecciation). This indicates a clear order to structural events imposed by the moving mass through its density, the interaction of forces and transport conditions. In the Perrier unit 4 (French Massif Central , 2Ma), the sheared basal contact is well exposed. The kinematics and specific clast transformations are observed. Impacts and splash structures indicating local matrix motion are preserved, requiring a partial fluidisation (probably thixotropy) along a tangential and vertical gradient from the impact. A vertical deformation gradient changing from ductile to brittle response is observed over 3 horizons, (1) a lower layer with a high concentration mobilized fluvial pebbles, (2) a middle zone with a concentration of sheared pumice indicating different densities and strains between the two layers, (3) an upper layer with matrix and fibrous pumices separated from the main avalanche body by a dark line (0,5-1 cm) composed of impacted, crushed and sheared pebbles. In each breccia, we can describe a coherent structural framework from the textures, structures and shapes. We provide first a methodology for description and then an interpretation of the local avalanche kinematics that is also related to the topography and local environment on emplacement.


This paper inquires how the concept of the "learning economy" can be applied to the requirements of developing countries. The main purpose is to develop an analytical framework to better understand how learning and capability formation can foster industrial upgrading. Special emphasis is given to te spread of information technology (IT). We inquire under what conditions developing countries can use this set of generic technologies to improve their learning capabilities. We argue that information technology should not be regarded as a potential substitute for human skills and tacit knowledge. Instead, its main role should be to support the formation and use of tacit knowledge. In the paper we compare two stylised models of the learning economy, the Japanese versus the American model. The Japanese model is explicit in its promotion and exploitation of tacit knowledge, while the American model is driven by a permanent urge to reduce the importance of tacit knowledge and to transform it into information - that is into explicit, 4 well structured and codified knowledge. We show that each of these models has peculiar strengths and weaknesses. Developing countries need to develop their own hybrid forms of institutions that combine the advantages of both models in a way that is appropriate to their idiosyncratic needs and capabilities.


Logit dynamics [Blume, Games and Economic Behavior, 1993] is a randomized best response dynamics where at every time step a player is selected uniformly at random and she chooses a new strategy according to the "logit choice function", i.e. a probability distribution biased towards strategies promising higher payoffs, where the bias level corresponds to the degree of rationality of the agents. While the logit choice function is a very natural behavioral model for approximately rational agents, the specific revision process that selects one single player per time step seems less justified. In this paper we thus focus on the dynamics where at every time step every player simultaneously updates her strategy according to the logit choice function. We call such a dynamics the "all-logit", as opposed to the classical "one-logit" dynamics. The all-logit dynamics for a game induces an ergodic Markov chain over the set of strategy profiles which is significantly different from the Markov chain induced in the one-logit case. In this paper we first highlight similarities and differences between the two dynamics with some simple examples of two-player games; we then give a characterization of the class of games such that the Markov chains induced by the all-logit dynamics are reversible and we show it is a subclass of potential games; finally, we analyze the mixing time of the all-logit dynamics for a well-known coordination game.


Three isozymes (EST, ME and SOD) of four tissues (heart, liver, kidney, brain) and serum protein of Bumper crucian carp (Carassius auratus of pengze♀×Cyprinus acutidorsalis♂), its female parent Pengze crucian carp and male parent seap carp (C. acutidorsalis) were analyzed with vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5%). The result showed that the exectrophoric patterns of isozymes and serum protein of F_1 were the same as those of its female parent and significantly different from its male parent. Thus, F_1 was thought as the progeny of gynogenesis. In the aspects of isozymes and serum protein patterns, no paternal inheritance has been found in mature progeny.


A gas burner, for instance for a cooking device, comprises a burner housing (10) with a burner cover (20). The burner cover comprises separated groups of burner ports (21, 22) which are supplied individually: A first group (21) of burner ports thus forms a first burner part with a first gas inlet (41). A second group (22) of burner ports provides a second burner part (22) with a second gas inlet (42).


We demonstrate femtosecond, two-photon-excited, laser-induced-fluorescence (TPLIF) imaging of atomic hydrogen in reacting flows at 1kHz. Unlike traditional ns or ps laser-based approaches, fs-TPLIF images are nearly free of photolytic interference.


Objective To observe the correlation between contrast-enhanced sonography and microvessel density(MVD)in breast cancer.Methods Contrast-enhanced sonography was performed in 49 women with breast cancer before surgery.The time-intensity curve(TIC)on the enhanced images was analyzed quantitatively with computer.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression and MVD tagged by CD34 were measured by immunohistochemistry in the above 49 breast cancers after operation.Parameters of TIC were compared with MVD,VEGF expression,and the correlation were statistically studied.Results The peak intensity and enhancement intensity-index were correlated significantly to MVD and VEGF expression of histological section after operation.The arrived time and peak time were correlated to VEGF expression(P 0.05)but not with MVD(P0.05).The platform time,rise slope rate of the curve were not correlated to MVD and VEGF expression.Conclusion The peak intensity and enhancement intensity-index are correlated significantly to MVD and VEGF expression.They are valuable indexes in evaluating angiogenesis in breast cancer.


This essay originated from the discussions of the role of central plan in an economic system with a functioning market mechanism. Such discussions emerged because of the implementation of the 'New Economic System'in Czechoslovakia. Under the old system, the role of the plan was considered clear and well defined. The introduction of the new system reopened controversies that had been discussed years ago. Can central planning be combined with market mechanism? Should the market be subordinated to the plan or vice versa? What is the relation between conscious activity and spontaneity in the process of economic evolution?


The author evaluates natural gas consumption during the 1996/1997 winter season from the point of view of natural gas supplies to the Czech Republic and their security, and compares the season with those of the previous two years.


Many authors have studied lattice congruences on lattices, but it seems that there are few studies concerning semilattice congruences on lattices. However, it seems that the semilattice congruences on lattices are closely connected with their structure. In this paper, we shall study the characterizations of modular, distributive, and relatively complemented lattices by the permutability of semilattice congruences. We can obtain the dual statements of the following discussion, but we shall not write them as a rule to avoid double descriptions.


For a long time the historiography of Roman atrium house (2) has been based upon textual descriptions derived from Vitruvius (Mau, 1982, 2530). The texts of Vitruvius (1960), which reflect the theoretical and practical issues of architecture from the viewpoint of the ancients, give prescriptions about the ideal dimensions and construction methods for the houses. Studies on Roman atrium houses uncritically recognized the validity of these prescriptions and interpreted archaeological evidence from this viewpoint (Mauiri, 1953). It has been thought that spatial configurations of the atrium houses were physical reflections of the Vitruvian principles (Boëthius and Ward-Perkins, 1970). This deductive approach imposed preconceived typological features into archaeological material.


Methane reforming at solid oxide fuel cells' anode is realized through steam reforming and direct oxidation. The reactions possibly occured, the progress and the applications of the two different reforming types in SOFC have been discussed in detail respectively in this paper.


We analyzed the floristics and phytosociology of three palm swamps in the municipality of Bela Vista de Goias, located in the state of Goias, Brazil, in the central part of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). The floristic surveys were conducted monthly from May 2008 to April 2009, and 310 species were recorded (seven bryophytes, 15 ferns and 288 angiosperms). Bryophytes belonged to five genera and five families; ferns belonged to nine genera and nine families; and angiosperms belonged to 134 genera and 45 families. The angiosperm families with the highest species richness were Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae and Fabaceae. The palm swamps were divided into three zones of increasing humidity: edge, middle and core. The number of species was higher in the middle than at the edge and the core. The families with the highest cover values were Cyperaceae, Melastomataceae, Arecaceae and Poaceae. Although the palm swamps had been disturbed to varying degrees, those disturbances did not affect the flora in the middle or the core. Floristic similarity was high between these two zones within a given palm swamp and low between the edges of different palm swamps.


The debate among missionaries in the 1830s and 1840s on whether priority should be given to civilization or Christianisation of the Australian Aborigines in New South Wales is discussed. Eventually, they succeeded in neither due to a lack of understanding of Aboriginal spirituality and culture.


The invention relates to a sealed plastic bottle with Oxiplatin solution, a cutlery therefore and a method for producing the same.


An air cooled version of a single-stage, axial-flow turbine was investigated to determine aerodynamic performance with and without air ejection from the stator and rotor blades surfaces to simulate the effect of cooling air discharge. Air ejection rate was varied from 0 to 10 percent of turbine mass flow for both the stator and the rotor. A primary-to-air ejection temperature ratio of about 1 was maintained.


The detection of bank frauds is a topic which many financial sector companies have invested time and resources into. However, finding patterns in the methodologies used to commit fraud in banks is a job that primarily involves intimate knowledge of customer behavior, with the idea of isolating those transactions which do not correspond to what the client usually does. Thus, the solutions proposed in literature tend to focus on identifying outliers or groups, but fail to analyse each client or forecast fraud. This paper evaluates the implementation of a generalized linear model to detect fraud. With this model, unlike conventional methods, we consider the heterogeneity of customers. We not only generate a global model, but also a model for each customer which describes the behavior of each one according to their transactional history and previously detected fraudulent transactions. In particular, a mixed logistic model is used to estimate the probability that a transaction is fraudulent, using information that has been taken by the banking systems in different moments of time.


A phase 1a/1b trial is planned for specific types of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-NHL) using a new formulation of fenretinide for intravenous (IV) administration (ST-001, IND# 135475). Despite documented anticancer properties, clinical development of fenretinide has been hampered by poor bioavailability of the oral preparations and poor water solubility for IV infusion although some progress has been made. A phase 1 clinical trial of a 20% soy oil-in-water emulsion containing 2mg/mL of fenretinide, administered via 24-hour daily infusions x5 q3wks, demonstrated activity in mycosis fungoides /Sézary syndrome (MF/SS) and in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (Mohrbacher et al 2017). However, all doses exhibiting disease activity were associated with grade 4 hypertriglyceridemia. ST-001 from SciTech Development, LLC is a second generation, triglyceride-free, phospholipid-based nano-dispersion formulation of higher potency fenretinide (12.5mg/mL) suitable for IV infusion. The SciTech Delivery Vehicle (SDV) is composed of 4 clinically acceptable phospholipids (DPPC, DOPC, DMPC, and DMPG) which, in the presence of fenretinide, form lamellar bilayer structures <200nm in diameter. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies showed that IV administration of ST-001 in the Sprague-Dawley rat model achieved fenretinide blood levels required for in vitro cytotoxicity to human cancer cell lines (including T- and B-NHL).
 The planned US multicenter phase 1a trial utilizes an Accelerated Titration (Simon) 4B design, with 100% dose escalation in single-patient cohorts until first instance of grade 3 or higher toxicity is encountered, at which point the trial reverts to a 'standard', 3 patient-cohort approach and 40% dose escalation. To maximize each patient's chance to be treated at a potentially active dose, intrapatient dose escalation is allowed for patients who remain on study and have no evidence of toxicity once the safety of the next dose level is established in a drug-naïve patient. The primary study objective is determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ST-001 in adult patients with T-NHL. Secondary objectives are to describe the toxicity profile of ST-001, observe and record anti-tumor activity of ST-001 in patients with T-NHL, describe the PK of ST-001 when given at the specified dose/schedule in this study, and evaluate potential mechanisms of action of ST-001 using pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers. Eligible patients will be 18 years or older with histologically confirmed diagnosis of MF/SS (stages IB-IV according to TNMB system), or Ann Arbor stage II-IV non-cutaneous peripheral T-cell NHL (PTCL), AITL, or follicular T-NHL (FTCL) as defined in the 2016 WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies. Patients must have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies, have good performance status, and acceptable organ function. The drug will be administered IV over 4 hours daily for 5 consecutive days as outpatient starting at a dose of 1.25mg/m2/day. Treatment will be repeated every 3 weeks for up to 8 cycles. Once MTD is determined, an expanded cohort (phase 1b) will be conducted at MTD for diseases that demonstrate efficacy signals in phase 1a; however, patients must have at least one measurable disease site to be eligible for 1b. Up to 44 patients are projected to be enrolled (24 for phase 1a, and 20 for 1b). All patients who receive at least one dose of ST-001 will be evaluated for safety and toxicity according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.03. Patients with at least one measurable site of disease and have received at least one full cycle (5-day infusion) of ST-001 are eligible for response evaluation. Descriptive statistics will be used for PK analysis to characterize the range, median and mean of calculated values of clearance, volume of distribution, and half-lives of distribution and elimination phases across all evaluable patients. PD analysis will use each patient's baseline value as the control and normalize PD values as % change from baseline. Effect of ST-001 on specific immune functions including cytokines and immune effector cell function will be evaluated at baseline and after therapy. It is anticipated that ST-001 will demonstrate activity in T-NHL in the absence of excipients that contribute to triglyceride elevations.

 Kuzel: SciTech Development, LLC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Parchment:SciTech Development, LLC: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


The gut lumen of immature aquatic insects is colonized by a unique community of protistan and fungal organisms, collectively called trichomycetes. The species diversity of fungal trichomycetes appears to be high, with new taxa published regularly. Bactromyces fluminalis and Laculus insecticola, species belonging to two new genera of fungal trichomycetes, are described from stonefly and mayfly nymphs, respectively. Bactromyces fluminalis was collected from a stream habitat in Long Lake Provincial Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, while Laculus insecticola was found in a lentic environment (Governor Lake) in Timberlea, Nova Scotia, a suburb within the Halifax Regional Municipality. In addition to these new taxa, a new species, Pteromaktron timberleaense, in this previously monotypic genus is described from the hindgut of a mayfly collected from a stream in Timberlea, Nova Scotia. This discovery makes new material available for study, since it appears the type specimen for this genus is lost.


Highly disordered multiwalled carbon nanotubes of large outer diameter ( (cid:2) 60 nm) fabricated by means of chemical vapor deposition process inside porous alumina templates exhibit ferromagnetism when annealed in a H 2 /Ar atmosphere. In the presence of an applied magnetic field, there is a transition from positive to negative magnetoresistance. The transition may be explained in terms of the Bright model for ordered and disordered carbon structures. Additionally, temperature dependent electrical transport experiments exhibit a zero-bias anomaly at low temperature. 2010


There has been much debate about whether humans are intuitively prosocial. Theories and accompanying experiments have been motivated by this question and provided evidence both in favor and against. One tool that has been used to test for intuitive prosociality is time pressure. Forcing decisions to be made quickly causes subjects to rely on intuition rather than reflection. This paper contributes to the argument by introducing a new methodological feature: offering subjects the opportunity to change decisions in order to gather data on fast, intuitive decisions, as well as more deliberative decisions from the same subject. This methodology allows for a more powerful test for prosocial intuition because the comparison of intuitive versus reflective decisions is made within-subject. In an experiment using the public goods game, subjects make initial decisions with/without time pressure, depending on treatment. By comparing subjects' fast decisions with the accompanying slow decisions, as well as comparing decisions under time pressure with those that are not pressured, evidence of prosocial intuition is found.


In April 2010, the world watched helplessly as oil spilled into the cool blue waters off the Gulf of Mexico causing the largest oil spill in United States history. But unlike past catastrophic oil pollution incidents caused by oil tankers, this incident was caused by a well blowout and subsequent explosion on an oil rig. This incident was more ruinous than past tanker incidents due to the very characteristics of a well spill which are much longer in duration and magnitude. On the Deepwater Horizon 11 crew lost their lives and when fire caused the Deepwater Horizon to sink it left a well gushing at the sea floor which took 84 days to cap.


Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have drawn intense interest recently in the field of alternative energy and nanomaterials. Highly ordered, free-standing titanium dioxide nanotube (TiNT) arrays exhibit favorable properties due to their barrier-free electron percolation pathway vs. traditional TiO2 nanoparticles in DSSC designs. TiNT arrays prepared by dual electrochemical anodization of polished Ti foils were removed from the foil and deposited on highly flexible ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) electrodes. Compared to traditional ITO/PET substrates the metalized UHMWPE offers a more flexible/robust platform for robust DSSC designs. The engineering approach utilizes a two-step anodization procedure coupled with the implementation of a rapid inert gas dehydration method. By controlling the reaction conditions during anodization (voltage, duration, concentration), TiNT array with specific morphology, lengths, and diameter can be tailored to be the application and sensitizer specifications. In the effort to create DSSC with enhanced robustness, a highly stable protein sensitizer with elevated chemical and temperature resistance compared to traditional dyes is being developed. The free-standing arrays, comprised of hexagonally close-packed and regularly ordered TiNT membranes, are engineered to a tube pore-size of 150nm to accommodate the specialized protein dye. Additionally, a novel polymer gel electrolyte is being developed to simultaneously enhance the protein's photoconversion efficiency and increase the lifetime of the cell. The end result of this work will be a highly-flexible, damage tolerant, and extreme environment stable DSSCs.


Background: Whole pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT) may improve clinical outcomes over prostate-only radiotherapy (PORT)in high-risk prostate cancer patients by sterilization of micrometastatic nodal disease provided there is optimal control of the primary site. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study of eligible patients ( (cid:400)(cid:410)(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:286) (cid:1096)T(cid:1006)(cid:272)(cid:853) G(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:381)(cid:374) (cid:400)(cid:272)(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:286) (cid:1096)(cid:1011) (cid:381)(cid:396) (cid:393)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:336) prostate-specific antigen (pPSA) (cid:1096)(cid:1005)(cid:1004)(cid:895) (cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:282) between 2009 and 2013 in a UK national protocol with EBRT and HDR BT. Centres elected to deliver WPRT, 46Gy in 23 fractions or PORT 37.5Gy in 15 fractions. 15Gy single dose was delivered to all using HDR BT. The primary endpoint was biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and acute and late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Results: 812 patients were entered; 401 received WPRT and 411 received PORT. With a median follow- up of 4.7 years, five-year bPFS rates for WPRT versus PORT arms were 89% vs 81% (p = 0.007) for all patients and 84% vs 77% (p = 0.001) for


The stability issue emerges as a growing number of diverse power apparatus connecting to the power system. The stability analysis for such power systems is required to adapt to heterogeneity and scalability. This paper derives a local passivity index condition that guarantees the system-wide stability for lossless power systems with interconnected, nonlinear, heterogeneous bus dynamics. Our condition requires each bus dynamics to be output feedback passive with a large enough index w.r.t. a special supply rate. This condition fits for numerous existing models since it only constrains the input-output property rather than the detailed dynamics. Furthermore, for three typical examples of bus dynamics in power systems, we show that this condition can be reached via proper control designs. Simulations on a 3-bus heterogeneous power system verify our results in both lossless and lossy cases. The conservativeness of our condition is also demonstrated, as well as the impact on transient stability. It shows that our condition is quite tight and a larger index benefits transient stability.


I note that in the 3 cases of accidental insufflation of gas into the uterine cavity reported by Drs. M.B. Barnett and D.T.Y. Liu (February 23 p. 328) "the pressure was continuously monitored and never allowed to exceed 30 mm Hg." This level would seem to me to be excessive. Many of the hazards of laparoscopy are associated with induction of the pneumoperitoneum. These can involve injecting gas into many areas such as bowel subperitoneal tissues the uterus itself and other tissues and it is my experience that in all such cases the readings of induction pressure were higher than normal which I take to be between 10 and 12 mm Hg. In fact if the reading is higher than 14 mm Hg I always remove the Verress needle and reinsert it. It is a common finding that the fundus of the uterus has a small nick in it particularly when sterilization is carried out after termination at more than 12 weeks pregnancy. I would suggest that if such dangers are to be avoided pressures should be continuously monitored and never allowed to rise above 14-16 mm Hg the higher level being associated with inspiration particularly if the patient is on an insufflator.(FULL TEXT)


The invention relates to a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle, having an electric machine (5) and an internal combustion engine (1) whose output shaft (11) via two separating clutches (K1, K2) of a dual clutch alternately on two coaxially arranged input shafts (7, 9) of a twin-clutch transmission (3) driving off, with which in each case axially consecutively arranged input shafts (7, 9), an abortion of a dual clutch transmission (3) with which each axially arranged behind one another partial transmission (I, II) are activated, wherein (7, 9) on the two input shafts and an axially parallel to the common output shaft (13) fixed and Loszahnrader are arranged, the formation of gear stages (1 to 7, R) are combined to form gear sets, in which the Loszahnrader means of clutches with the shafts (7, 9, 13) coupled are. According to the invention affects the electrical machine (5), preferably via a gear stage (27), directly on one of the input shafts (7) of the twin-clutch transmission (3).


owadays, work conditions are very heavy, so clothes which workers wear while working, have great importance. Workers wear the same clothes at least 8 hours in one day. In this reason, it is necessary that these clothes either protect workers health and safety or are comfortable, and suitable for body motions. Especially, it has great importance that work clothes don't prevent the body motions. If they limit body motions, this situation will either disturb workers or influence work speed, unit time, and productivity. In this research, ergonomics and functional properties of the work clothes have been examined. In this stage, questionnaire has been applied workers who work petrochemistry, mechanical, food, and ceramic sectors in Izmir and weared work clothes, expectations for work clothes and pleasuare situations have been studied. In each sector, changing of model, pattern and fabric properties of work clothes has been examined. To take into consideration of results, model studies have been done on product groups and work clothes which are suitable ergonomics and functional properties have been designed.


Hybrid rice Yixiang1577 and IIyou838 for materials,the variation law of the plant nitrogen content of different parts in different times were mainly studied.According to different species' nitrogen needed all life and soil's supplying nitrogen capacity during the production of hybrid rice,nitrogen sources and dosage content were analyzed.The results showed that the differences on nitrogen content of different varieties in different times in vivo mainly reflects the difference in nitrogen content at different parts.Nitrogen content in vivo of different species is increasing from seedlings to mature,which showed that rice plant was absorbing nitrogen fertilizer.Hybrid rice production needs application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the soil can also provide rich nitrogen nutrients.Fertilizer at the soil must be combined with the factors for the nitrogen fertilizer consumption considering the production of hybrid rice.


(0 of 20 DCM, 3 of 20 HNDC, 3 of 20 isolated LV dilatation, 7 of 55 HCM, 0 of 9 ARVC). Furthermore, 2 individuals with DCM/HCM received implantable cardioverter defibrillators and 2 individuals with DCM/HCM received implantable loop recorders. Conclusions Approximately one-third of asymptomatic carriers of familial cardiomyopathy variants were diagnosed with a cardiomyopathy phenotype at initial screen or during a short follow-up period. This confirms the importance of predictive testing and the need for follow-up of genotype-positive, phe-notype-negative individuals.


Kuitun is part of district in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang of Palearctic realm in the animal geographical divisions of China. There are 2 species extensively distributed over the world in 37 species of this locality. There are 28 species to be only distributed over Palearctic realm, making up 75.5 percent of the total species. The absolutely superior species belong to Palearctic realm. There are 23 species only distributed over district of Inner PMongolia and Xinjiang amounting to 62.2 percent of the total species.


This treatise discusses the mutagenicity of azo dyes and Ames/Salmonella Test and the carcinogenic mechanism which can be established by the metabolism during which most azo dyes will be transformed into aromatic amines through azo bond reductive cleavage in animals (including human) in the presence of azo reductases. However, there are also some azo dyes which will result in cancers through other ways such as by forming N-hydroxylation, N-demethylation etc. intermediates especially by forming arylnitrenium ion, which can easily interact with critical cellar macromolecules of living tissue to initinate carcinogenesis.


Set against the backdrop of the current hiatus concerning an anthropological approach in the study of Liturg within Protestant (Reformed) liturgical research, this article firstly argues for a very specific object (rituals) as well as aim (liturgia condenda) for liturgical research. Thereafter it is shown how such an object and aim call for a multi-disciplinary research design. The research design of Paul Post is then presented and applied to the authors' proposed research. The article argues that such an approach towards the study of Liturgy is not only attainable, but also important for theologically and anthropologically justifiable liturgical renewal.


The paper describes the calculation of the energy absorption or integral dose in a model "patient", composed of cylinders and elliptical cylinders, from a point source of radium. Calculations have been made for about 800 positions of the source in and near the body. From these results the integral dose, in gm.r/mg.hr., received during intracavitary, interstitial, and superficial radium therapy, may be obtained, (1) in the case of deeply placed radium from a central axis curve, (2) for radium placed near the surface of the trunk from a table. Figures are also given for some superficial points in the head and neck. A table is given of the energy absorption in cylinders of tissue with a point source at the end of the axis, and consideration given to the subject of integral dose in hollow cylinders, containing a core of air.


The use of maslahah mursalah as the source for the establishment of Islamic economic practices that previously did not exist is a necessity. This is because maslahah is at the core of all these economic developments. All forms and practices of Islamic financial innovation meant to realize maslahah. The establishment of Islamic banking, the rise of Islamic credit card to facilitate a variety of transactions, their renewal in mudaraba transactions ie collateral obligations, revenue sharing method, and others show how maslahah mursalah has role in the economic development of sharia.


Subcutaneous immunization with the thymus independent Ag, TNP-Ficoll, does not elicit plaque-forming cell response from the regional lymph node B cells even though a good response is obtained with the splenic B cells. Lymph node cells respond well to the thymus independent 1 Ag, TNP-Brucella abortus. Because TNP-Ficoll is a soluble Ag and may not be retained well in the lymph nodes, we emulsified it with Freund's adjuvant and injected it into foot pads. This did not result in any antibody response in the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes though once again splenic B cells gave excellent responses. We find that the in vivo response to TNP-Ficoll can be induced in the lymph node if TNP-Ficoll is injected along with B. abortus in the foot pads of normal mice. This observation could not be repeated in the splenectomized mice implicating the role of the migration of APC or B cells from spleen to lymph nodes. Similar differential responses are obtained from lymph node and splenic B cells in the in vitro cultures. Lymph node cells respond to TNP-Ficoll with the addition of normal irradiated spleen cells but not with Sephadex G-10-passed spleen cells. This shows the absence of APC or lymphokines which stimulate B lymphocytes to respond to TNP-Ficoll in the lymph nodes. We found that IL-1 but not IL-2 or IL-4 was able to induce TNP-Ficoll response from the lymph node B cells.


The article is a survey of the impact of US political philosophy over its Italian counterpart. Such impact has not been deep, judging from the presence of Italian authors in the American debate, even though the most important American authors have been translated in Italian, and their work has been the object of essays and reviews by several Italian authors belonging to different schools of thought. There are two explanations, according to the author of the survey, of such relative inhospitality of Italian political philosophy to its American homologue. The first is a general difference over the way to understand philosophy itself. Whereas American philosophers subscribe to what might be described roughly as an analytical understanding of their discipline, the majority of Italian philosophers are still under the spell of several brands of historicist or relativistic thought. The second is the sensible difference in the understanding of liberalism, the predominant attitude among political philosophers in the USA. Whereas in the USA liberalism is understood as a political theory that deals with normative models of just institutions, in Italy, where it is far from the prevalent orientation among the political philosophers, it is conceived 'meta-politically'.


Doctrine of Early Stoa (not only its 'classical' triad 'logics-physics-ethics', but also political philosophy) formed after the collapse of the empire of Alexander the Great. So, Stoics had a significant influence on the political (ideological and military) life of countries Hellenistic ecumene as Achaean League, Macedonia, Sparta, and Egyptian Kingdom. Sphaerus of Bosphorus (from) who in his young days joined Megarian school of philosophy, and then went onto further studying with Stoics Zeno and Cleanthes, was one of interesting figures among early Stoics due to practical application of his philosophy at courts of Egyptian and Spartan kings. On the other hand, there were neither classic antique, nor modern sources, which could be considered as a complete biography of this philosopher. In this regard, using source analysis, biographical method and method of historic reenactment, I attempt to reconstruct both Sphaerus of Bosphorus' curriculum vitae (in philosophy and political practice as diplomat and tutor of kings) and nature of political processes within political landscape of Hellenistic world of III BC. I distinguish five stages in biography of Sphaerus. Two first ones are the beginning his philosophical discipleship in Panticapaeum (in Megarian school) and in Athens (with Stoics). At the third stage, Sphaerus moved from Athens to Alexandria, where he established himself as a court philosopher thanks to his contacts with Bosporus kingdom, impeccable logic and diplomatic talents. In the fourth stage, during his time as a mentor and advisor of Spartan king Cleomenes, Sphaerus was the initiator and driving force of the significant political, socio-cultural and military transformations and reforms in Lacedaemon comparable with the reforms of Lycurgus (on whose heritage Sphaerus drew). After Cleomenes's tragic death, the fifth stage of Sphaerus' biography began, when he returned to Alexandria, where thanks to his new classic treatises on logic he gained fame as definitions wizard. I conclude, Sphaerus of Bosphorus was a practical philosopher in the highest sense of the word that in the shortest time allowed him to effect a revolution in the minds and hearts of not only the highest Spartan nobility, but also Spartan warriors. As to Sphaerus himself, he built his life as a philosophical treatise, without any whatsoever separation between philosophy and the whole variety of the world.

Africa T.W. "Stoics, Cynics, and the Spartan Revolution." International Review of Social History 4.03 (1959): 461–469.
The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned. Moscow: Nauka Publisher, 2003, books i–viii. (In Russian).
Baloglou C.P. "Cleomenes III's Politico-Economic Reforms in Sparta (235–222 BC) and Cercidas' Economic Thought." Political Events and Economic Ideas. Cheltenham: Elgar. 2004, pp. 187–205.
"Tusculanae Disputationes." Selected Writings. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literature Publisher, 1975, pp. 207–257. (In Russian).
Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Ed. A.F. Losev. Moscow: Mysl Publisher, 1986. (In Russian).
Erskine A. The Hellenistic Stoa: Political Thought and Action. London and Ithaca: Duckworth; Cornell University Press, 1990.
Habicht C. "Athens and the Ptolemies." Classical Antiquity 11.1 (1992): 68–90.
Inwood B. Ethics and Human Action in Early Stoicism. New York and Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, 1985.
Lattimore R. "The Wise Adviser in Herodotus." Classical Philology 34.1 (1939): 24–35.
Mattila S.L. "Ben Sira and the Stoics: A Reexamination of the Evidence." Journal of Biblical Literature 119.3 (2000): 473–501.
Molev E.A. Bosporus in the Hellenistic Epoch. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University Publisher, 1994. (In Russian).
Petrova E.B. "Sphaerus of Bosphorus." Greeks in the History of the Crimea. Simferopol: Tavria-Plyus Publisher, 2000, pp. 248–249. (In Russian).
Petrova E.B. "Thinkers of Panticapaeum." Culture of People of the Black Sea 30 (2002): 84–87. (In Russian).
"Agis and Cleomenes." Parallel Lives. Kiev: Dnepr Publisher, 1991, pp. 239–382. (In Russian).
Spiridonov D.S. "The Natives of the Northern Shore of Black Sea in the History of Ancient Greek Thought." Transactions of Taurida Scientific Archival Commission 54 (1918): 216–233. (In Russian).
Stolyarov A.A. The Stoa and Stoicism. Moscow: Kami Grup Publisher, 1995. (In Russian).
Stolyarov A.A., trans., ed. Fragments of the Early Stoics. Volume 1: Zenon and His Disciples. Moscow: Yu.A. Shichalin's 'Greco-Latin Cabinet' Publisher, 1998. (In Russian).
Struve V.V. Corpus of the Bosporus Inscriptions. Moscow and Leningrad: Nauka Publisher, 1965. (In Russian).
Vander Waerdt P. "Politics and Philosophy in Stoicism." Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 9 (1991): 195–211.
Verlinsky A.L. "Towards Bosporus Prosopography: Sphaerus the Stoic." Studies in Ancient History and Culture of the Northern Black Sea. Petersburg: Glagol Publisher, 1992, pp.146–177. (In Russian).
Vogt K.M. Law, Reason, and the Cosmic City: Political Philosophy in the Early Stoa. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Shevchenko, O. K. "System Reconstruction of Sphaerus of Bosphorus' Policies and Creativity: Experience of Studying Space of Narration as Its Author's Convolved Political Biography." Space and Time 3/4 (2016): 175–187. (In Russian). Fixed network address 2226-7271provr_st3_4-25_26.2016.71.


Semantic Audio is an emerging field in the intersection of signal processing, machine learning, knowledge representation and ontologies, unifying techniques involving audio analysis and the Semantic Web. These mechanisms enable the creation of new applications and user experiences for music communities. We present a case study focussing on what Semantic Audio can offer to a specific fan base, that of the Grateful Dead, characterised by a profoundly strong affinity with technology and the internet. We discuss an application that combines information drawn from existing platforms and results from the automatic analysis of audio content to infer higher-level musical information, providing novel user experiences particularly in the context of live music events.


We report on the measurements of the secondary electron yield of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond upon the reflection of primary H+, D+, H2+, C+, O+, and O2+ ions in an energy range of 50–1000 eV per atom at a 60° angle of incidence to the surface normal. Depending on the species and energy, a secondary electron yield between 0.1 and 2 was observed and remained unchanged over weeks without further periodic reconditioning of the surface and in spite of the moderate vacuum environment of 10−7mbar. Semiempirical fit functions were found with a dependence on the inverse velocity and the square root of the atomic number of the projectiles.


Is there room for tax laws that would tax compensation differently than they would loss suffered by the person receiving compensation? This question must be posed at the outset of the discussion of taxation and tort compensation. The unanimous view would seem to be against taxing compensation resulting from loss that would not have been liable to tax. It follows that if the tax laws bring about such a result, for example, in Israel with regard to the interest component up to the date of judgment in compensation for loss not in the nature of income, or if such compensation is liable to capital profits tax, then the tax law concerned should be corrected. A more difficult question, however, is whether to exempt from tax compensation for loss of earnings brought about by personal injury – particularly physical injury.


Human responses and safe work time limits for persons wearing the US Army's Self-Contained Toxic Environment Protective Outfit (STEPO) with personal CO 2 scrubber, O 2 supply, and upper body cooling system were determined from human tests and human simulation modeling. STEPO is the Army's highest-level protective system. A rational thermal physiological model was assembled to simulate the responses and extend the human test results to other conditions. Comparisons between human and simulated responses include core and skin temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, and water loss. Safe work time limits were until core temperature and heart rate exceeded 38.3°C (101°F) and 150 bpm.


Power transformer is a key equipment in power system. Ensuring the safety operation of transformer is beneficial to decrease the economic loss and casualties. In this paper, twice short-circuit impulse tests are performed on a 10kV transformer. After each test, frequency response analysis (FRA) measurements based on two different terminal connection schemes, namely end to end voltage ratio (EE) and transfer voltage ratio (TF) ways, are conducted to record the FRA results. The impacts of short-circuit on transformer will be investigated by the change of FRA curves. In addition, a numerical index will be utilized to find out the more sensitive measurement connection way to the variation of the traces. The contributions of this paper can give a complement for the current interpretation of the FRA signatures.


Abstract The paper summarises the progress of a frost weathering simulation experiment involving a range of rocks after more than 300 gelation cycles. Samples of granite, conglomerate, sandstone, dolomite, limestone and amphibolite were sourced in the Chochołowska Valley, Tatra Mts. The simulation project, which continues at the Low Temperature Laboratory of the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, is set to quantify the resistance of the rocks to frost weathering by measuring the number of gelation cycles after which the samples are damaged. At the end of the project, the degree of damage will be assessed using the percentage loss of the initial sample weight and a frost weathering indicator. So far, little damage has been recorded overall, with the dolomite samples losing the highest percentage of their initial weight at nearly 6%. The paper also presents results of physical tests of the rocks, including their strength, porosity and density, which provide a useful insight into the interpretation of differences in frost weathering resistance.


Historically, biological control efforts against aquatic plants in South Africa have focused on floating species, and as a result, there has been a dearth of research into the invasion and control of submerged macrophytes. With numerous submerged invasive species already established in South Africa, thriving horticultural and aquarium industries, nutrient-rich water systems, and a limited knowledge of the drivers of invasions of submerged macrophytes, South Africa is highly vulnerable to a second phase of aquatic plant problems. Experience gained in the U.S.A. on biological control against submerged weeds, such as hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae) and spiked/Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), have provided South African researchers with the necessary foundation to initiate programmes against these weeds. Research in South Africa is currently focused on pre-release studies on the biological control of H. verticillata, using an undescribed fly, Hydrellia sp. (Diptera: Ephydridae) and a weevil, Bagous hydrillae O'Brien (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); and on M. spicatum using a North American weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei Dietz (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Feasibility studies into biological control of some incipient submerged weeds are also being conducted, including Brazilian water weed, Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae), Canadian water weed, Elodea canadensis Mitch. (Hydrocharitaceae) and cabomba, Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray (Cabombaceae). Progress with, and potential constraints that may limit these programmes, are discussed.


For the problems of vibration of installation environment of electron microscope(EM) and the magnetic field testing is over standard,the causes for the vibration and magnetic interference were analyzed.Therefore,in order to isolate vibration and prevent magnetic,the bottom cushions layer of the EM was increased and magnetic was shielded using low carbon steel plate and the pure iron plate magnetic shielding technology.The practice satisfied the install requirement of EM.


This paper presents the correlations found between field foliage moisture content measurements, meteorological fire danger indices and indices derived from Terra-MODIS satellite images. Both meteorological indices and those derived from MODIS data provide a good estimation of the moisture content of the Mediterranean species sampled. The meteorological subindex of the US system, h1000, as well as the subindex DC (Drought Code) and the final index FWI (Fire Weather Index) of the Canadian system, better estimate fuel moisture content of live fuels. Computed r values between those meteorological indices and gassland moisture content was 0.92, -0.82 y -0.85, respectively. Regarding the dead fuels the best estimations were found for the h1 moisture code (one of the subindices of the US NFDRS system). Concerning those indices derived from MODIS data, the best estimations of moisture content were observed for the Site Moisture (SM), the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation index decrements (ARND). For gasslands, the Pearson correlations computed were between 0.91 and 0.98, while for shrub species the correlations were lower (0.79 to 0.89). For oaks (Quercus faginea) the correlations found were not significant with any of the calculated indices.


In June 1994 the Swedish Parliament approved a proposal for a new system for pensions. It was the result of an agreement between five parties representing some 85 % of Parliament. The reform consisted of two parts. The major part was a Non-Financial (or Notional) Defined Contribution (NDC), the minor part was a Financial Defined Contribution (FDC) part. This was the first time that a parliament decided on a pension system that included a NDC part. It seems that something similar was proposed in 1992 to the parliament of Uruguay, but the proposal was rejected by the Parliament.1 The Swedish political agreement to introduce NDC was reached in January 1994 while the main features had been presented by the parliamentary Pensions Working Group in a The Swedish parliament s decision in 1994 on the new pension reform was the first parliamentary decision on what is nowadays called a NonFinancial (or Notional) Defined Contribution (NDC) system. It has since then been at the centre of the international debate on pensions. It has been introduced in several other countries, among these Latvia, Italy and Poland. In this article comments are made on the long and valuable debate in NFT that started at the end of 2002 and which consists of some 20 articles.* Among the objections commented are that the aims of NDC could have been achieved without changing to a DC system, that the Swedish pension system will give very low pensions in the future and that the creation of the Automatic Balancing Mechanism will place the whole burden on retired generations.


Robots operating in unstructured environments require continuous utilization of sensors and intelligence for adapting to changing situations. In this paper a control method to achieve this goal is described and preliminary experiments are discussed. The control scheme is based on a hierarchically organized set of planning-executing-monitoring (PEM) cycles. Every PEM cycle is a goal-oriented module, which consists of three generic activities -- planning, executing, and monitoring -- and a separate meta control mechanism, which takes care of the control of generic activities inside a PEM cycle. We present our design experiments beginning from the development of a PEM-based logical model for an autonomous machine, and continue to the development of an implementation model for a loading manipulator control system. The laboratory implementations in two industrial robot environments are also described as well as plans for PEM-control implementation for a heavy-duty manipulator designed for loading paper rolls in harbor sites.


The rare combination of a theoretician and a practical engineer was found in Giovanni Giorgi. His theory of alternating sinusoidal currents and their representation by means of vector diagrams is fundamental to the science of engineering. At the same time he planned and organized many civic engineering projects for the benefit of his people.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Sleep slow-wave activity (SWA, electroencephalogram [EEG] power between 0.5 and 4.0 Hz) is homeostatically regulated, increasing with wakefulness and declining with sleep. Sleep SWA is thought to reflect sleep need, but the mechanisms of its homeostatic regulation remain unknown. Based on a recent hypothesis, we sought to determine whether a decrease in cortical synaptic strength can account for changes in sleep SWA.

DESIGN
A large-scale computer model of the sleeping thalamocortical system was used to reproduce in detail the cortical slow oscillations underlying EEG slow waves.

SETTING
N/A.

PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS
N/A.

INTERVENTIONS
Simulated reductions in the strength of corticocortical synapses.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Decreased synaptic strength led to (1) decreased single cell membrane potential oscillations and reduced network synchronization, (2) decreased rate of neural recruitment and decruitment, and (3) emergence of local clusters of synchronized activity. These changes were reflected in the local EEG as (1) decreased incidence of high-amplitude slow waves, (2) decreased wave slope, and (3) increased number of multipeak waves. Spectral analysis confirmed that these changes were associated with a decrease in SWA.

CONCLUSIONS
A decrease in cortical synaptic strength is sufficient to account for changes in sleep SWA and is accompanied by characteristic changes in slow-wave parameters. Experimental results from rat cortical depth recordings and human high-density EEG show similar changes in slow-wave parameters with decreasing SWA, suggesting that the underlying mechanism may indeed be a net decrease in synaptic strength.


Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate competence development in palliative treatment, nursing and care in students (n = 25) undergoing a two-year postgraduate education program in palliation at a university college in Norway. Methods: A questionnaire was handed out on five occasions during the education period. Results: Results showed that the students rated their competence level as between some competence and good competence before entering the course. However, the competence level rose throughout the course period, and at the end of their education most of the students perceived themselves at a very good or extremely good competence level. Significance of results: Statistically significant differences in all questions measuring competence in palliation were found on all occasions. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of education on students' perceived competence development and whether it has a positive impact on clinical practice.


In this note we clarify a few issues that are not addressed in the above paper by X. Niu (ibid. vol.37, p.1170-3 (1992)) to expand the applications of its results. >


Dear Editor, We would like to commend the authors on such an interesting and thoughtprovoking article.1 The authors have described the use of organs from donors who have significant acute kidney injury with severe rhabdomyolysis. Indeed, two donors required continuous renal replacement therapy. We are very impressed with the function these kidneys went on to achieve. Looking at the photograph of the black kidney and the description of the donor, it would be very easy to "reject" such an organ for transplantation. Are these excellent outcomes attributable to the relatively younger age of the donors in this cohort (mean age of 24.5)? Or is it a reflection of the treatment of the donors prior to donation? Would it be possible to calculate the Kidney Donor Risk Index? We would envisage that the KDRI scores from these donors would be very good. We also noted that from the histological evidence of rhabdomyolysis injury reported, casts were present in only five donors. Did these five donors have a worse outcome compared with the rest? Overall, it seems that this paper1 adds to the literature reported that such kidneys (which are often discarded) should be used for transplantation. In light of this paper and other similar reports,2,3 we are considering shifting our practice in accepting donors with AKI from rhabdomyolysis. However, we do still have our concerns on their final outcome and perhaps the use of normothermic or hypothermic machine perfusion may alleviate some of the slow or delayed graft function reported within these. CONFLICT OF INTEREST


An antibody-mediated immune response against the Spike protein is one of the potential ways to target the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The discovery of a highly effective vaccine or an antiviral drug that specifically targets the viral entry or its replication pathway, are commonly pursued as a way to combat COVID-19-like situation. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has RNA as its genetic material, which is known for its high mutation rate. This makes the efficiency and efficacy of the vaccine against it suboptimal later due to the continuous mutations in the epitope region of the virus. This was evident in the case of the spread of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Here we tested an in-silico approach towards finding an antibody that has the potential to recognise and bind against the Spike protein of the virus across most of the variants. We achieved this by altering the sequences of the VDJ region in the heavy and light chains of the natural human antibody against the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Wuhan, PDB ID: 7BWJ). This was one of the first antibodies to be studied and published along with a crystal structure during mid2020, and known to have the ability to bind and neutralize the Wuhan isolate. Iterative substitutions were induced in the 7BWJ antibody sequence in different combinations. After 28 iterations, a potential antibody was found to bind across the variants with a comparatively higher docking score. This antibody also showed the potential to target the Spike protein of many members of Coronaviruses.


This article critically examines the extent to which the European Public Prosecutor's Office can be claimed to constitute a prime example of supranational criminal law. The article observes that among policymakers and commentators, the Office appears to be a hallmark of the transformation of EU criminal law from an intergovernmental paradigm to a strong federal and supranational polity. The article discusses the scope, nature and limits to the powers of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, as well as its operating structure in light of Article 86 TFEU and the recently adopted EPPO Regulation. It departs from the basic assumption that the EPPO stands in the midst of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism. Whilst the EPPO is envisaged to be independent of the Member States, the Office's complicated, multifaceted and vertical structure means that Member States are able to direct, to some extent, its activities. The article argues, however, that a general assessment of the Office's operational and strategic direction (where its operational activities are managed and supervised by centralized 'European' prosecutors), and the type (direct criminal enforcement powers) of powers it has makes it distinctive as the most 'integrated' and 'supranational' EU agency.


Accessibility is becoming an increasingly important consideration in home healthcare due to changing user demographics, an emphasis on baby boomers, and the greater number and complexity of devices being used outside clinical environments. Medical device accessibility is defined as the degree of "ability to access" or benefit from the intended uses of devices within environments. Accessibility includes consideration of diverse users with functional limitations and analysis of barriers to use. Medical device accessibility can address diverse user needs related to receiving and providing safe and effective home healthcare. The number of home healthcare recipients will likely continue to increase as the U.S. population ages, which also means more devices will be used outside of clinical settings. In 2010, about 12 million individuals received home healthcare, and this number will increase to 27 million by 2050. Along with professional caregivers, about 52 million informal and family caregivers provide care for others. Unpaid family caregivers likely will remain the largest long-term care provider group, reaching about 37 million caregivers by 2050. Home healthcare will continue to grow as we are "sending people home sicker and quicker" to manage their health conditions, while "devices [are becoming] a frequent sight in the home" according to Mary Weick-Brady, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) senior policy advisor. Lay users are increasingly using devices that were not designed for use in nonclinical environments, and home-based medical procedures are becoming more complex, including dialysis and intravenous therapies. Therefore, increased emphasis on development of safe and effective medical devices by applying accessibility and human factors considerations for a broad spectrum of users and environments is necessary to improve the overall quality and safety of home healthcare. Overall, observing FDA draft guidance for applying the human factors process to medical device and product design is a good starting point for creating safer and more effective devices for end users. There are numerous human factors methods, publications, and findings that also relate to the safe and effective design of home healthcare devices, however discussion of these resources is beyond the scope of this paper so they are not discussed here. In recent years, more than 19,000 adverse events in home healthcare were reported to the FDA, which were attributed to challenges such as environmental hazards (e.g., power overload or failure), poor usability, and unsafe devices (e.g., insufficient labeling, complex displays, lack of easy-to-understand troubleshooting guidance). A Question of Accessibility Understanding Lay Users Of Medical Devices


There is described a device (8) for operating a plurality of switching elements (A to E) of a transmission device (3). Piston (9 to 13) are (A to E) in the range of effective surfaces (9A-13A and 9B-13B) (for Imaging Logo ng a change in operating state of the switching elements each with a in a first direction of adjustment or with an acting in a second direction of adjustment fluid pressure Pazu to Pezu or P up) can be acted upon. The acting respectively in the first adjusting direction can be applied fluid pressure (Pazu to Pezu) is adjustable separately for each of the switching elements (A to E), while the force acting in the second adjusting direction respectively can be applied fluid pressure (P up) for all switching elements (A to E) is substantially is equal to. The piston (9 to 13) are arranged coaxially to each other and radially one as well as in an intermediate plate (38) partially axially displaceable. The intermediate plate (38) has regions (39A to 39E) for applying the respective in the first actuating directions of the piston (9 to 13) acting fluid pressures (Pazu to Pezu) on the active surfaces (9A-13A) of the piston (9 to 13) , The region (40) over which the on the active surfaces (9B to 13B) of the piston can be placed (9 to 13) and acting in the second direction of adjustment fluid pressure (P up) can be guided to the pistons (9 to 13), of the intermediate plate (38) and limited in piston (9 to 13).


Early interactions between respiratory viruses and microbiota might modulate host immune responses and subsequently contribute to later development of recurrent wheezing and asthma in childhood. We aimed to study the possible association between respiratory microbiome, host immune response, and the development of recurrent wheezing in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.


This article speculates about the relationship between biological factors and social interactions in the development of moral sense, suggesting that the study of ethical judgement should include the neurological processes and the other parts of the body that produce this phenomenon and bear the consequences. Starting with this simultaneously social and natural viewpoint, it is agreed that the heuristic value of this reflection resides specially in the suggestion of conceptual and linguistic instruments to bridge the gap that separates sciences and humanities, when dealing with this problem in the metascientific milieu of life sciences.


RBC stimulate the initial stages of platelet activation by collagen as evaluated by the BASIC wave (Perez-Requejo et al. Thromb Haemostas 54:799 1985). In order to get some insight into the mechanisms of platelet-RBC interactions, a BASIC wave was induced by lug/ml of collagen after mixing "in vitro" platelets and RBC obtained both before and two hours after a single dose of 500 mg of ASA from normal subjects. The TXB2 formed was also evaluated. The results show (Table) that non aspirinized RBC (non-ASA-RBC) increase the BASIC wave intensity of aspirinized platelets (ASA-PRP) by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway since no increase in TXB2 was observed (Exp 1), while both non-ASA-RBC (Exp 2) and ASA-RBC (Exp 3) activate non-ASA platelets with theparticipation of the cyclooxygenase system, since an increase in TXA2 was found.A comparison of the effect of non-ASA-RBC (Exp 1) and ASA-RBC (Exp 4) on aspirinized platelets shows that ASA modifies the RBC behaviour associated with estimulation of platelets by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway. This effect of ASA on RBC is nottransient and lasts at least 48 hours after ASA ingestion. In addition, when asmall proportion of nonASA platelets (10%) is mixed with aspirinized platelets(90%) and ASA-RBC - a situation that can be encountered "in vivo" inthe hours following ASA ingestion - the intensity of the BASIC wave is 89% of that obtained when all the platelets are non aspirinized. This RBC effect on the mixtureof ASA and nonASA platelets, may help explain the sometimes contradictory effect of ASA as an antithrombotic agent.


a HindIII/BamHI genomic cosmid cNX.6a a non-methylated enriched library the CMGT cell line CII (1, 2). identifies a three allele polymorphism with bands at 2.4 kb (Al), 1.8 kb (A2) and 1.35 kb (A3). Source/Description: Probe 218EP6 (D16S246) contains two PstI fragments subcloned in pKUNI after PstI digestion of a cosmid (218) from a random MboI library. The 1.7 kb insert is a fragment detecting the RFLP. Polymorphism: The probe detects a two-allele insertion/deletion polymorphism of 0.3 kb with a number of restriction enzymes. The probe also detects a two-allele polymorphism for BglII with fragment sizes 9.6 kb (allele 1) and 6.4 kb (allele 2) and for MspI with fragment sizes 2.0 kb (allele 1) and 1.3 kb (allele 2). Minor variations were detected in the fragment sizes indicating that the probe may be located close to a VNTR. These variations, especially in Hb, make the probe even more informative in a number of families. Frequency: The allele were studied in 41 unrelated individuals. is proximal


Data assimilation combines information from observations of a dynamical system with
a previous forecast, with each term weighted by its respective uncertainty. An
important recent area of research has been the introduction of correlated observation
error covariance (OEC) matrices in numerical weather prediction systems. The
benefits of correlated OEC matrices are multiple: they permit the use of high density
observation networks, allow the capture of small scale processes and help make best
use of available data. However, their use is often associated with convergence
problems for iterative methods. In this thesis we study the theoretical impact of
introducing correlated OEC matrices on the conditioning of variational data
assimilation problems. We develop new bounds on the condition number of the
Hessian for two data assimilation formulations and illustrate our findings with
numerical examples in an idealised framework. The minimum eigenvalue of the OEC
matrix is a key term for both problems, which motivates the use of reconditioning
methods to reduce the condition number of correlation matrices. We develop theory
for two reconditioning methods: ridge regression and the minimum eigenvalue
method. We show for the first time that standard deviations are increased by both
methods. Ridge regression reduces absolute correlations, whereas the minimum
eigenvalue method makes smaller changes to correlations and variances. We then
present the first in-depth study of the ridge regression method for an operational data
assimilation system, using the Met Office 1D-Var system. Reconditioning improves
convergence, but alters the quality control procedure, which is used to select
appropriate observations for further assimilation. The results in this thesis provide
guidance on how to include correlation information in general variational data
assimilation problems while ensuring computational efficiency.


A two-stage beamforming (BF) approach is proposed for millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks, wherein each base station (BS) first obtains wide beams to its users during the initial access (IA), then refines to narrow beams during the beam refinement phase (BRP). The performance of the proposed approach is derived under three IA protocols. Compared to a single-stage approach where beam searching is solely finished during IA, the two-stage BF approach is shown to significantly increase the user-perceived throughput (UPT) for the exhaustive search IA protocol, and it provides a flexible framework to achieve good IA delay and UPT performance simultaneously.


This study used multilevel analysis to determine the predictive value of selected intrinsic factors (gender, computer ownership, mathematics background and computer experience) and institutional type (an extrinsic factor) on undergraduates' Self Efficacy in Java Computer Programming (SEiJCP) in South – West, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational design. Purposive Sampling was used to select 254 computer science undergraduates from four universities (three federal-owned and one state-owned) in south-west, Nigeria. Three research questions were answered. Two research instruments namely, Computer experience scale (r = 0.84) and Java Programming Self Efficacy Scale (JPSES, r = 0.96) were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and null and linear growth model (LGM) procedures. The intercorrelation coefficients among the extrinsic factor, intrinsic factors and SEiJCP were moderate. Null model shows that the variations in SEiJCP accounted for by insitutional level differences was 99.0%. The fixed part of the LGM of intrinsic factors showed that only mathematical backgroung contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to the prediction of SEiJCP. The random part of the LGM showed no significant contributions of the interactions of the intrinsic factors, to the prediction of SEiJCP. About 60.0% of the student level variation in SEiJCP is explained by the differences in intrinsic factors. The institution – level variable had large predictive value on programming self efficacy. Computer science departments should increase the number of mathematics courses in their curriculum.


The interaction between the mesoscale eddies and the cyclonic gyre circulation of the Lofoten Basin is studied using a suite of satellite altimeters, a regional coupled ocean ‐ sea ‐ ice data assimilation system (the TOPAZ reanalysis) and Argo fl oat data. An automated method identi fi ed 5,373/5,589 individual anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies in the Lofoten Basin from more than 65,000 altimeter ‐ based eddy observations, of which 70 – 85% are found to be nonlinear. The nonlinearity of eddies is estimated from its translational and rotational velocities. The study found clustering of highly intense nonlinear eddies on either side of the Lofoten Basin. Further, we show the distinct cyclonic drift of the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies, both con fi ned to the western side of the basin, and its similarity to the middepth gyre circulation also con fi ned to the same region. A well ‐ de fi ned cyclonic drift pattern of eddies is found during the time period when the gyre circulation of the basin is strengthened, while a clear cyclonic drift of eddies is absent during a weakened gyre. Analysis of barotropic energy conversion in the reanalysis data shows maximum transfer of energy from the eddy fi eld to the mean fl ow in the Lofoten Vortex region. Even though comparatively smaller (roughly 9 times) there is also notable transfer of energy from the mean fl ow to the eddies in the region located outside the Lofoten Vortex. Our study shows that the gyre circulation when strengthened, receives more energy from the Lofoten Vortex and loses less energy to those eddies circulating around the Lofoten Vortex. basin. which uses both geome-trical and dynamical properties of the eddy for its detection. Argo fl oats pro fi les show that the eddy detection method used on altimeter data is able to successfully detect and differentiate anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies of the basin. A total of 5,373/5,589 individual anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies in the Lofoten Basin are detected from more than 65,000 altimeter ‐ based eddy observations. The nonlinearity parameter is used to distinguish nonlinear eddies from linear wave disturbances. About 70 – 85% of the total eddies identi fi ed are found to be nonlinear. The analysis found clustering of nonlinear eddies on either side of the basin and the high eddy intensity associated with it. While high number of Eobs and EI of AEs on the eastern part is associated with the eddy generation from the slope current, the same in the western Lofoten Basin is linked to the near ‐ permanent presence of the highly energetic Lofoten Vortex. CEs near the Lofoten


Inertially stabilized platforms (ISPs) are used to stabilize and maintain the line-of-sight (LOS) of a real-time motion imaging payload in high resolution airborne earth observation system in inertial space. The most critical performance for an ISP is the capability to reject disturbances such as friction and mass imbalance. These disturbances usually can not be suppressed precisely in a typical control system depending on the closed-loop bandwidth which is directly affected by the structural resonance, noise coupling from the gyro and so on. In this paper the stabilization loop disturbance rejection strategy based on an internal model control (IMC) method is proposed and some conventional control methods are briefly reviewed. Firstly, the mathematical modeling of a single-axis gimbal system is carried out and the characteristic of main torque disturbances acting on ISPs' gimbals are introduced accordingly. The exosystem is used to describe the common antistable parts of both reference input and disturbances. And then the procedures of designing an IMC controller are illustrated in detail and the performance of the stabilization closed-loop is analyzed such as the capability of disturbance rejection and robustness against model uncertainties. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy in comparison to the traditional control method.


The asset pricing anomalies have existed in the UK stock market for a long time. This thesis aims to study different liquidity measures, liquidity commonality, systematic liquidity risk, different momentum trading strategies, asset pricing risks with momentum, investor behaviours with momentum and the causal link between financial crisis and asset pricing anomalies using various methods and tests. The first empirical chapter examines the performance of the standard SharpeLintner CAPM, the Fama-French three factor model, and the four factor model of Carhart (1997) both with, and without, the first component of multiple illiquidity measures. The results show that no individual illiquidity proxy outperforms the others, and further that the illiquidity proxies have a systematic common illiquidity component. The results also reveal that the inclusion of the illiquidity factor in the capital asset pricing model plays a significant role in explaining the crosssectional variation in stock returns. The second empirical chapter analyses the relationship between momentum profits and stock market illiquidity. This study finds negative and significant relationship between aggregate market illiquidity and momentum profits. The model applied in this chapter captures significant bounce in varying beta coefficients changing over time. The analysis also indicates that the stocks associated with high liquidity performs better relative to illiquid stocks under systemic shocks. The final empirical chapter investigated momentum anomaly and the hypothesis that individual investors trade differently from institutional investors and significantly overreact to economic shocks, creating destabilising effect in the stock market. The results reveal that stock


In scene understanding, robots benefit from not only detecting individual scene instances but also from learning their possible interactions. Human-Object Interaction (HOI) Detection infers the action predicate on a triplet. Contextual information has been found critical in inferring interactions. However, most works only use local features from single human-object pairs for inference. Few works have studied the disambiguating contribution of subsidiary relations made available via graph networks. Similarly, few have leveraged visual cues with the intrinsic semantic regularities embedded in HOIs. We contribute Visual-Semantic Graph Attention Networks (VS-GATs): a dual-graph attention network that effectively aggregates visual, spatial, and semantic contextual information dynamically from primary human-object relations as well as subsidiary relations through attention mechanisms for strong disambiguating power. We achieve competitive results on two benchmarks: V-COCO and HICO-DET. The code is available at https://github.com/birlrobotics/vs-gats.


This essay reaches toward thinking Spenser with Sylvia Wynter in two stages. In the first stage, I read Spenser's use of the terms "inhumanitie" and "humanity" in The Faerie Queene in relation to Briana, Crudor, and the "salvage man." Spenser's use of these terms, I suggest, enacts and illustrates Wynter's theory of the overrepresentation of Man as the human. In the second stage, thinking alongside Wynter's emancipatory thrust toward, in David Scott's terms, the "re-enchantment of humanism," I reconsider what it might mean to be deposited on the edges of the poem's allegorical scheme. If figures like the "bear-baby" and Gryll can be thought of as human but not on Man's terms, they not only reveal the limits of Man's imaginary but also demand an alternative poetry of the human.


The paper deals with the reactive power compensation in single-phase systems by active power line conditioners (APLCs), focusing on the effectiveness of the compensating action when the utility voltage is distorted. The existing compensation approach, based on the achievement of a sinusoidal load current, is first presented, showing that it suffers from some shortcomings. A novel compensation approach, based on the achievement of a unity power factor, is then proposed that has the merit of overcoming the shortcomings of the existing one and, in addition, of outperforming it in terms of power delivery capabilities of the utility. Effectiveness of the proposed compensation approach is corroborated by simulation results.


This paper presents a novel hybrid model approach to house sales prediction using KNN, as a feature engineering step to create a location-centric model. The KNN layer is used to build a feature that predicts the land value of the neighborhood purely based on geographical features. The proposed KNN based hybrid model performs better when coupled with popular machine learning regression models. KNN regressor improves the prediction in those datasets where there exists complex non linear relationships between the geolocation and the target variables. The Hybrid model has been tested on a popular real-world housing sales prediction dataset.


The objectives of the study were to describe the profile of patients attending an exclusive paediatric sleep clinic in India.

Children aged 1 month–18 years, attending an exclusive paediatric sleep clinic, were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Children underwent sleep coaching, were treated medically, or underwent polysomnography based on the decision of the paediatric pulmonologist. Level 1 polysomnography was conducted by trained personnel.

Of 186 children, 36.5% were for infant sleep issues, 24.7% suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 18.2% neuromuscular diseases with sleep problems, 15.6% genetic disorders with sleep problems, 4.3% parasomnias, and 0.5% abnormal movements during sleep. Of the 85 paediatric polysomnographies conducted, 9.4% were normal studies, 87% had OSA, 1.1% restless leg syndrome, and 2.3% were inadequate studies.

Sleep disorders in children are not uncommon and paediatricians need to be aware and identify them early. More number of exclusive paediatric sleep clinics need to be established in India.


This paper presents a new design of a clock gater standard cell. The circuits are designed and laid out according to the TSMC 250-nm, 2.5 V process. By using a differential latch rather than a transmission gate latch in the circuit, the layout area can be reduced by 20%. Computer simulation including parasitics shows that there is also a reduction in power consumption, the percentage decrease depends on the enable signal activity factor.


Recent research about the financial behaviour of Slovenian firms has documented enterprise risk management as being one of its weakest areas. The goal of this article is to present insights into financial risk management, i.e. into the extent of the use of derivatives in the largest Slovenian firms and the related practices. The results are confronted with the same types of characteristics of US and German firms although being much larger) revealed in comparable studies. These firms provide relevant benchmarks for assessing the development gap since they operate in more advanced financial environments and are therefore expected to have much more refined approaches to the use of derivatives than Slovenian firms. A survey points to the much smaller extent of the use of derivatives by Slovenian firms. There is a substantial gap, especially in the area of risk management policies (e.g. documentation, reporting, counterparty risk, valuation etc.).


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------A distribution transformer is one of major electrical equipment that links the power utility and power consumers. It is what enables the power utility to supply electricity to consumers. In recent time, there has been an upsurge of distribution transformers premature failure before reaching the desired and designed service life. Consequently, the power utility has been incurring huge economical losses in replacing the faulty transformers or repairing them. On the other hand, failure of transformer inconveniencies power end users by interrupting the power supplies for prolonged period of time before the faulty transformer is replaced. In this paper, an effort is made to investigate the root causes of premature failure of distribution transformers. Research has revealed that line surges and switching transients are among the main causes of the transformers failures as this accelerates deterioration of insulation materials. This has been aggravated by lack of lightning arrestors and vandalism of low voltage and high voltage earthing systems. It is also noted that a transformer is usually 'killed' by unusual stresses that usually break down its weak insulation and hence leading to reduced transformer life. Use of concrete poles with earth wire appended is proposed to deter vandalism of earthing wire. In addition, proper fuse grading, installation of High Voltage (HV) expulsion fuses and regular Operational and Maintenance (O&M) has been recommended to reduce the premature failure of distribution transformers.


In this study, the process of design, implementation, evaluation, and redesign of a TeachingLearning Sequence (TLS) on simple machines for students of 9-12 years old is shown according to the principles of Design Based Research. The aim is to create a TLS that satisfactorily addresses the conceptual difficulties inherent to the object of study and that succeeds in fostering selfregulation skills and creativity. Both qualitative (focus group, semi-structured interviews, students' reports, and teacher's class notes) and quantitative instruments (a validated questionnaire and an ad hoc one with content validation by experts) are used. The statistical analysis of the questionnaires and the narrative analysis of the qualitative instruments have been triangulated. The results show that students manage to address the conceptual and procedural difficulties of the object of study while developing emotional (enjoyment and self-efficacy) and cognitive (metacognition) self-regulation skills, as well as creativity related to the scientific and artisan


This study presents a research result, the main objective of which was to map the procurement and public procurement educational networks, primarily in universities in the United Kingdom, including educational institutions, departments, curriculum structure, compulsory andrecommended reading, related lecturers, their relationship and research activities. The importance of the database lies in the fact that there is a great demand on the part ofcompanies and organisations for procurement specialists with higher education background, therefore the educational potential of procurement can be considered great. The research covers 53 trainings of 31 universities. The importance of the database lies on the fact, that there is a great demand on the part of companies and organizations for procurement specialists with higher education background, therefore high educational potential can be considered in procurement. The research covers 31 universities and 53 trainings.


Spring and summer composition and species richness of bruchid pre-dispersal seed predator assemblages associated with species of leguminous plants were monitored in a four-year non-experimental survey of 32 service areas along five highways in Hungary. The vegetation bands along highways (delimited by fences) were considered a special type of ecotone where herbaceous plants are exposed to regular mowing and therefore the composition of the vegetation there is very different from the adjacent vegetation. Altogether 57 herbaceous and woody species of leguminous plants were recorded at these sites, harbouring 20 autochthonous, 3 allochthonous, but established, and 4 recently introduced species of bruchid seed predators (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The species of leguminous plants recorded along highway verges during this project make up approximately one fourth of the Fabaceae in Hungary and of the bruchids ca. 80 % (!) of the species known to occur in Hungary. At half of the service areas, mowing decreased the species richness of leguminous plants compared to that recorded prior to mowing, but not that of their bruchid seed predators. However, the species composition of the bruchid assemblages before and after mowing changed substantially. Null-model analyses indicated a random organization of spring assemblages and a deterministic one of summer assemblages of bruchids; very likely a result of host-specificity constraints. Calculations of host specificity confirmed the narrow host range recorded for bruchids that emerged from the samples of plants, in spite of new host records, such as three and two Trifolium species for Bruchidius picipes and Bi. sp. prope varius sensu Anton, respectively, Oxytropis pilosa for Bi. marginalis and Vicia cracca for Bruchus brachialis. Our results show that a surprisingly high number of species of bruchids occur in highway margins, however, the management of the vegetation there prevents a substantial portion of the native bruchid fauna establishing permanent populations.


Using the complex hyperbolic functions and complex trigonometric functions we reappear the Fermat's marvelous proofs for Fermat's last theorem (FLT) [1-7]. We present three proofs: (1) Jiang's marvelous proofs, (2) Fermat's marvelous proofs and (3) Frey-Ribet-Wiles proofs. Ribenbiom [11] points out that there are some mathematicians who are not satisfied with the method of proof using elliptic curves and modular form, perhaps wrongly? or rightly?


Based on fieldwork conducted in 2013 and 2014, this article analyses the role of religion in a context of displacement, where 40,000 refugees from the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo have been living in Kampala, Uganda. It focuses on the presence of Congolese Eglises de Reveil in the neighborhood of Katwe, one of the most populated areas of Kampala. After introducing the context, it first examines the concept of "blocage" ("being stuck/immobilized") to demonstrate the way in which it is used to make sense of the difficulties that Congolese refugees experience in the process of resettlement. Second, it focuses on the role of religious language and beliefs in describing situations of mobility and of immobility to then examine the transformation of religious language itself, in particular, when it interprets the refugees' condition in terms of witchcraft, deliverance and spiritual warfare.


This paper presents a review of projects undertaken over the past 2 decades aimed at improving the yield and/or quality attributes of translocation lines carrying rust resistance genes from species related to wheat, so as to make these lines more suitable for use in breeding programs. Homeologous recombination between the alien chromosome segments and normal wheat chromosomes was induced in a ph1bph1b background. Lines with shortened alien chromatin were selected using dissociation patterns of molecular-based markers. A new line of bread wheat was developed containing a shortened chromosome 1RS segment carrying rust resistance gene SrR (Secale cereale L.), in which a defect affecting dough-quality appears to have been deleted. In addition, several advanced lines were produced with modified 6Ae#1L chromosome segments with Sr26 (Thinopyrum ponticum), 2S#1 chromosome segments with Sr32, and a previously unnamed gene, a 2S#2 chromosome segment with Sr39 (Triticum speltoides), 4G#1 chromosome segments with Sr37, and 2G#2 chromosome segments with Sr40 (T. timopheevii).


A first frame, and has a first ringsang plate (6a) and, ringsang plate (7b) extending into the inside of the axial direction X from its inner end that is radially positioned. Ringsang plate (7b) is an end portion that is bent to the inside shape. Ringsang convex portion (2a) of the ring late morning neck portion (10a) of the first frame 7 is fitted to the ringsang space (K1) which is fixed to, ringsang frame projections (2a), (7b) are ringsang outwardly in the radial direction a pressing ringsang does not fall the projections (2a). The first frame 7 has a plurality of through-holes (7c) (counting holes) are formed along the axial direction X. Of the through-holes (7c), 4 dogs is to the head screws (6f), the seating being used for fixing the rod (6), the rest, first for reinforcement of the bonding of the first frame and the support frame 11, a head screw ( 20) (see FIG. 1) and the seating. Sieve, tension, mangsangche, sieve device, ringsang member


The Miocene Vogelsberg volcano in Central Germany produced mafic magmas ranging in composition from basanite to quartz tholeiite and limited amounts of evolved magmas. Trace element and Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions reveal the presence of three distinct mantle sources: (1) a trace element enriched, asthenospheric plume-type source, similar to the European Asthenospheric Reservoir composition inferred for many other Tertiary volcanic provinces in Central Europe; (2) a depleted mantle source, located in the lithospheric mantle or uppermost asthenosphere; (3) a veined lithospheric mantle source. The oldest basanites of the Vogelsberg volcano have distinctly higher Ti, Al, Sc and V contents than younger basanites. These high-Ti basanites may have been produced by partial melting of a veined lithospheric mantle source, formed during the earliest stages of uplift of the Rhenish Shield, 70Myr ago. Younger basanites were generated by small degrees of partial melting of the European Asthenospheric Reservoir, whereas alkali basalts and tholeiites formed by mixing of variable proportions of melts derived from the European Asthenospheric Reservoir and depleted mantle sources, respectively. These magmas then interacted with metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle, which explains the observed range in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. Subsequently the most depleted tholeiites were contaminated by lower-crustal rocks. The distinct stratigraphic position of the various lava groups in the 656 5 m `Forschungsbohrung Vogelsberg 1996' borehole and the correlation of their chemical stratigraphy with palaeomagnetic reversals reflects an episodic temporal evolution of magmas and mantle sources. During Stage I, melts from the veined lithospheric mantle source were pooled in crustal magma chambers and evolved to erupt a range of differentiated lavas. In Stage II melts were formed in the depleted mantle source and up-section gradually mixed with melts from the asthenospheric mantle. In Stage III the depleted mantle source was exhausted and pure asthenospheric melts were erupted.


In the case of large misalignment angles,quaternion error equation and nonlinear filtering can improve the performance of the in-flight alignment of SINS.Iterative filtering can obtain higher alignment precision than extended Kalman filtering.Separate-biased algorithm of extended Kalman filtering is utilized to reduce the large computational cost of iterative filtering.The idea of iterative filtering is introduced to put forward a non-linear filtering algorithm,which is not only of the same accuracy as iterative filtering but also of lower computational cost.The non-linear filtering algorithm is applied to the SINS/GPS integrated alignment based on quaternion error equations.Effectiveness is indicated by numerical emulation.


Optical methods such as Twyman-Green interferometry, moire interferometry, holographic interferometry and speckle interferometry are useful to measure displacement and strain in the full-field of structures. Recently phase analysis method of fringe patterns obtained by these optical methods becomes popular, and it provides accurate quantitative results in the full-field. In this paper, in order to measure displacement and strain, real-time or high-speed nano-meter displacement measurement methods developed by the authors are introduced. That is, (1) out-of-plane displacement analysis by Twyman-Green interferometry using integrated phase-shifting method using Fourier transform phase-shifting method, (2) simultaneous two-dimensional in-plane displacement analysis by moire interferometry and (3) out-of-plane displacement analysis by phase-shifting digital holographic interferometry. The theories and applications are shown.


Economic and Financial Situation of microenterprise G and G have acceptable performance but rates of growth in profit margin remained almost constant; therefore, this project contributes to the repositioning and stability of the organization, through investment in capital goods. Particularly defined in real and quantifiable terms the effectiveness of the investment in by a projection of costs and expenses against income for a period of five years thus determining the volume growth the usefulness of microenterprise For greater effectiveness methods were used for financial evaluation such as Van, Tir, Cost Benefit, etc. which resulted in positive values to ensure that the implementation of the proposed investment is viable. For the projection of figures from one period to another, we used a growth rate of 5 percent, rather conservative value due to the unknown external factors such as government policies or changes in customer behavior. Accordingly, after that process verifies that the purchase of new machinery will produce a spike in the usefulness of the microenterprise, after five years this will increase nearly 40 percent, so it is feasible and viable implementation of this project, not only for the effort to reduce costs in maintaining the machinery that currently owns G and G but also by the desire modernize the services that offers the organization seeking to maintain its leadership position that the microenterprise has earned during the ten years where it has performed its activities.


Proposed a new algorithm of discretization of consecutive attributes based on the decision according to the limitation that Rough Set Theory can only deal with the discrete attributes in database.Unlike traditional methods,the initial candidate points are obtained by analyzing the distribution ranges of consecutive attributes in each decision sort and computing their attribution significances.At the same time,proposed some rules of decreasing candidate points in order to increasee the velocity of system convergence.Using the algorithm,the decision table after discretization will be always consistent and can reserve useful information as much as possible.Finally,the algorithm is field-independent and can be used in different fields without any additional information.


Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint among field hockey players.  Only a few of the risk factors for LBP have however been assessed on these players.  These include trunk strength and lumbosacral range of motion.  The aim of the literature review was therefore to investigate the reports of LBP among elite female field hockey players, focusing on risk factors for LBP, biomechanical aspects of field hockey, muscle imbalance and the role of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle in the development of LBP.  The literature indicated a strong link between LBP and GM weakness.  More recent research supports this concept and clearly stated that female athletes with GM weakness are at risk for the development of LBP.  Considering that the biomechanical aspects and unique requirements of field hockey indicate hip extensor involvement, as well as the association between LBP and GM weakness, further investigation is warranted into the hip extensor muscles of field hockey players.


We propose and demonstrate pump-phase-noise-free 2-to-7 multichannel wavelength multicasting for QAM signals using flexible coherent multi-carrier pump. <;0.4dB penalty is obtained after multicasting with the proposed scheme even using 3-MHz-linewidth DFB laser as pump source.