This study was conducted to find out the relationship among several variables such as health status, self-efficacy, health related hardiness, family support and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 108 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who visited the out patient department of Rheumatism at E university hospital in Teajon. Data were collected by questionnaire from November 26, 1999 to January 14, 2000. The instrument used in this study were health status developed by Bae et al(1998), self-efficacy scale developed by KRHPS, health related hardiness modified by Suh(1988), family support scale developed by Kang(1984), Pain with graphic rating scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression using the SPSS Win program. The results were as follows; 1. There were no statistically significant differences between general characteristics and variables such as health status, self-efficacy, health related hardiness and family support respectively. 2. Statistically significant differences were not found between clinical characteristic and variables such as health status, self-efficacy, health related hardiness and family support respectively. 3. Significant correlations were found between health status and self-efficacy, self-efficacy and hardiness, hardiness and family support, health status and pain, self-efficacy and pain respectively(p


There is a long tradition of using hydraulic and morphodynamic models for river engineering purposes. Beside numerical models laboratory scale models play a crucial role, both to gain deeper insight into physical mechanisms and to study complex system behaviour and site-specific issues. In terms of river engineering all laboratory models are scaled in space and, thus, in time. One generally accepted method in scale models is to use different scaling factors in length and height resulting in exaggerated river geometry to ensure the similitudes of the main physical processes and to consider limitations of laboratory space. The exaggeration factor ranges typically from 1 to 2.5 for hydraulic laboratory models at the BAW, but 8 times larger factors can be found in literature. In the present paper the scale effects, in particular the exaggeration, of a long fluvial model (Froude scaling) of the Middle Rhine with an exaggeration of n=1.2 are estimated numerically. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-numerical (3D-HN) model of the laboratory model is set up and calibrated to the laboratory model measurements. The 3D-HN model is resized to nature-scale and to laboratory scale without exaggeration. The numerical results are analysed. Beside the global water level the secondary currents are of particular interest. The scale effects are estimated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study has shown that the light exaggeration of the laboratory scales improves the results, but the improvement is small compared to the errors due to the scaling from nature-scale to laboratory scale.


ABSTRACT Using an empirical case study of resilience programs after a flooding disaster in Boulder County Colorado, I explore the factors that motivate individuals involved in disaster recovery and emergency management to engage in discourses and practices centered around institutionalizing resilience, withstanding shocks and stressors, and fostering connection as a way to deal with social inequality. This study contributes to a growing body of critical research that analyzes resilience's multifarious institutional forms and divergent political consequences by unpacking how and why individuals reproduce ideological dimensions of resilience discourse and by examining the effects. I demonstrate how individuals faced structural constraints associated with the scalar dimensions of neoliberal restructuring that rendered resilience as practically appealing. Furthermore, I argue that existing institutional forces channelsensibilities in ways that actively depoliticize resilience. I conclude by discussing how this case underscores the importance of articulating the conditions under which resilience may be able to transcend the hyper-individualized model of the 'resilient subject,' and present a coherent challenge to neoliberal hegemony.


Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. ITP can occur in children and adults. This disease can be fatal because the platelet count is low due to the destruction of excessive platelets so that it can interfere with vital organs and bleeding occurs. The lack of knowledge of ordinary people about ITP disease, so many people assume that bruises and nosebleeds on the body are caused by fatigue. For that, we need a system that can imitate the expertise of an expert in diagnosing this disease based on the symptoms felt. The method used to support the expert system is the K-Nearest Neighbor and Certainty Factor methods which are a combination of 2 methods, where the classification results from the K-Nearest Neighbor method will be given a certainty value by the Certainty Factor method so as to produce a prediction. The results of combining the two methods can produce certainty in the diagnosis. Based on the test results using 3 test scenarios using parameter values k=3, k=5, k=7 and the results obtained the highest accuracy value with parameter value k=7 obtained an accuracy rate of 90,9%.


This thesis is engaged in contribution of Leopold Mozart to developmet of violin technique. It is divided into five chapters. The firth chapter includes six subchapters. The first chapters deals withearly history of violin, the following chapter contains treatises on the first violin tracts. The third chapter is dedicated to personage of Francesco Geminiani. The following chapter introduces life of Leopold Mozart and the last one speaks about profound violin method and introduces its characteristics. The first subchapetr is devoted to violin, its maintenance and to other basic information, the following subchapter deals with music notation, intervals and tuning. The next subchapter describes holding of the violin and the bow, the fourth subchapter speaks about right hand, bowings and articulation, the fifth one contains issue of vibrato, mordent and trill and the last one devotes to left hand and to system of positions. The thesis contains actual demonstrations, examples and the footnotes.


Abstract : The book concerns itself only with commercial fishing ships. These include the ships engaged in catching, processing, and transporting fish, designed to catch the fish, process them in part, or completely, and then transport their production to shore bases and to unloading ports. These ships make up the principal part of the self-propelled fleet belonging to the fishing industry. In 1964, for example, the number of fishing, processing, and transport ships totalled 75% of all ships assigned to the self-propelled seagoing fleet of the fishing industry, and these ships totalled over 80% of the total horsepower in that fleet. The book provides a brief historical outline of the development of the Soviet commercial fishing fleet and reviews established ship classifications and the accepted forms for the organization of the industry (in accordance with regions and fishing objectives). The book also provides a general description of individual types of ships, presents handbook-type materials on seagoing commercial fishing ships built in the USSR, as well as abroad, information on refrigeration installations, freezing, industrial, and technological equipment installed in these ships, information on the basic types of engines, fish-seeking sonar gear used in the fishing fleet, etc. Also included is the technique used to catch fish on a commercial basis, how the fish are processed and stored aboard the ships. (Author)


Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) widely exist in nature and have important physiological functionalities in life. They are related to multiple human diseases. Thus, studying IDPs provides new opportunities on drug design. This paper briefly reviewed the research progress of IDPs. Then a new approach was introduced which utilised a software called CAVITY to seek potentially druggable cavities in IDPs and analysed the structural conservation of these cavities. We discover that even if IDPs lack of stable secondary or tertiary structure, the structures of potentially druggable cavity are still able to maintain a good consistency. Finally, this paper discussed the possibilities of IDPs being drug design targets and the rational strategy of drug design on IDPs.


Green tea polyphenols have been reported to possess many biological properties. Inspite of the many potential benefits of green tea extracts, their sensitivity to high temperature, pH and oxygen is a major disadvantage towards its effective utilization in the food industry. Green tea leaves from Cameron highlands Malaysia were extracted using SFE. To improve the stability, the green tea extracts was encapsulated by spray-drying using different carrier materials including maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and chitosan (CTS) and their combination at different ratios. Encapsulation efficiency, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined and were found to be in the range of 71.41 - 88.04%, 19.32 - 24.90 (g100GAE), and 29. 52 -38.05% respectively. Further analysis of moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity and bulk density of the microparticles were carried out and the results ranged from; 2.31 – 5.11%, 0.28 – 0.36, 3.22 – 4.71% and 0.22 – 0.28g/cm3, respectively. The ability of the microparticles to swell in SGF and SIF was determined at 142.00 -188.63% and 207.55 -231.77% respectively. The microparticles with the best catechin efficiency, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were selected and incorporated into mango drink and its effects on the physicochemical and functional properties of the product evaluated during storage. The pH, total solid and viscosity of the catechin microparticles supplemented range from 5.15 – 4.38, 12.70 – 14.20%, and 12.55 -13.99(cps) respectively. The stability of green tea bioactives in the mango drink showed degradation rate in the range of 16.47 – 29.72% compared to the non-encapsulated powder (46.46%). The green tea extracts microparticles show good degree of stability in the mango drink and the antioxidant capacity of the mango drink was significantly ( p ≥ 0.05) different compared to the non-encapsulated powder at the end of the storage period.


Oligomers are often formed in the preparation of hydroxy-terminated polyepichlorohydrin(PECH) by cation ring- opening polymerization, so that quality of PECH is reduced. Solvent extraction method can effectively remove the oligomer with relative molecular mass of 700 ̄5300 from PECH. It is discovered through experiment that treating PECHs with different relative molecular mass should use different extraction solvents.


Air motions in and around cities are highly complex, and the increasing threat of harmful releases into urban atmospheres makes advancing the state-of-science of understanding and modeling atmospheric flows and dispersion in and around cities essential. The four-year Urban Dispersion Program (UDP) funded primarily by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency has recently been completed. The program's primary focus was to conduct tracer and meteorological field studies in Manhattan to improve our understanding of flow and dispersion of airborne contaminants through and around the deep street canyons of New York City, including outdoor-indoor-subway exchange mechanisms. Additionally, urban dispersion models are being validated and first-responder guidance are being refined using data collected during the two UDP field studies. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory led several government laboratories, universities and private companies in conducting the two UDP field studies. The first study was a small-scale study that investigated dispersion in the immediate vicinity of the Madison Square Garden during March 2005 (MSG05), while the second UDP study was an extensive study conducted during August 2005 in Midtown Manhattan (MID05). A brief overview of the UDP field studies will be given followed by a discussion of some limitations of current urban models in simulating dispersion in urban areas. Some first-responder guidance based on findings from recent urban field studies will also be presented.


In the last two decades, much research has been carried out using ultrasound as an alternative for pasteurization. Cavitation, the main effect of ultrasound, can disrupt and perforate cell membranes, generate free radicals, and produce sonoluminescence. Ultrasound in combination with additional hurdles such as temperature, pressure, or antimicrobials can achieve a 5-log reduction. Pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, yeast, and molds have been successfully inactivated by this novel technology. Currently, ultrasound is investigated as an option to reduce the content of aflatoxins during pasteurization. Ultrasound can inactivate those enzymes related to the stability of pasteurized food products, extending the shelf-life of the products. New uses of sonication are surging; for example, ultrasound has been studied as an option for pasteurizing plant-based foods. An important area of research is ultrasound's effect on food's bioactive compounds. Results exhibit an increase in the concentration of phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and other nutrients after the use of ultrasound because of an extractive effect. Finally, an area of concern in the early ages of ultrasound has been studied, food quality. In most cases, sonicated products have similar quality parameters to raw products. Lastly, there are some areas of opportunity in ultrasound's future, such as the equipment improvement, regulation, and toxicology of sonicated products.


Objective: To study if door-to-CT time is a better tool to assess prehospital notification compared to door-to-needle time. Background: Prehospital notification has been shown to improve door-to-needle time for acute stroke patients. Early identification of stroke begins in the prehospital phase and is necessary to mobilize appropriate resources. EMS providers play a pivotal role in the identification and treatment of acute ischemic stroke who are within the time window of 4.5 hours. Ideal treatment for ischemic stroke is tPA (tissue plasminogen activator). Typically, DNT (door-to-needle time) is used to assess the effect of prehospital notification. The time period before a CT scan is administered is of the utmost importance in stroke patient care as IV tPA cannot be administered until a head CT is performed. Design/Methods: We collected data from the stroke log at North Shore University Hospital (NSUH) from 2015–2017. We calculated the median and the average door-to-needle time for stroke patients brought in by the different EMS agencies when they provided prehospital notification versus when they did not. Likewise, we calculated the median and the average door-to-CT time for both groups. Results: 11.9% of acute stroke patients received tPA. 23.6% of stroke patients brought in by EMS had prehospital notification. Similar to DTN time, the door-to-CT time was reduced as a result of prehospital notification by EMS. Median CT-to-needle time was calculated to be roughly equal whether or not prehospital notification was given. Conclusions: Prehospital notification results in lower door-to-CT time therefore resulting in lower door to needle time. Since majority of code strokes do not receive tPA, door-to-CT time along with DTN for tPA patients is a better tool to assess the effect of prehospital notification. Disclosure: Dr. Hazra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chaudhry has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hollis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salamon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arora has nothing to disclose.


One year corn field experiment was conducted at a research farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,located in L'Acadie,Quebec,Canada.The experiment was a completely randomized block design with five N treatments and four replications.The five N treatments received N 0,20,45,113 and 225 kg/ha(N 45 kg/ha was applied at sowing,and N 180 kg/ha at 10 days after sowing),respectively,at sowing,and N 0,93,68,0 and 0 kg/ha,respectively,at side-dressing,i.e.N0,N20+93,N45+68,N113,and SAT225.Corn density is 79000 plants/ha,and the cultivar is Pioneer 38B84.The results show that SPAD reading,PN,LAI,aboveground dry biomass,canopy chlorophyll density(SPAD×LAI) and canopy photosynthetic capacity(PN×LAI) are increased with basal N rates increasing before side-dressing,while Dualex reading is decreased.Compared to N113,SPAD readings in the N20+93 and N45+68 treatments are significantly increased.The split N applications have no significant influences on Dualex reading and PN.The LAI,aboveground dry biomass,SPAD×LAI and PN×LAI of N20+93 and N45+68 are significantly lower,but the grain yields are significantly higher than those of N113.There are no significant differences in corn grain yield between N20+93 and N45+68,however,the N deficiency is appeared earlier in N20+93 than in N45+68.No significant differences between N113,N20+93 or N45+68,on one hand,and SAT225,on the other hand,are observed in SPAD reading,Dualex reading,PN,LAI,aboveground dry biomass,SPAD×LAI and PN×LAI at 25-60 days after emergence,while corn grain yields of N113,N20+93 and N45+68 are significantly lower than that of SAT225.Split N application can significantly increase corn grain yield compared to only one application at sowing,and N45+68 is better than N20+93.Under our experimental condition,a total N application with N 113 kg/ha do not produce the same corn grain yield as SAT225.Both SPAD and Dualex readings show significant correlation with corn plant N concentration,and then can be used as an instant and non-destructive diagnostic tool for corn N status evaluation.


The presented paper illustrates the invasive method of power-system identification. It is based on Czarnecki's ideas to disturb slightly the system and observe its response to find unknown harmonic sources and equivalent linear impedances. The one-phase system is considered, with a new signal-processing technique in which instant measurements are based only on two adjacent signal periods. That approach allqwed to move differential calculations to the time domain, and to deal with integral Fourier transform, in place of discrete, in frequency domain. The new algorithm allows to increase the S/N ratio, is insensitive to signal time-shifts and gives correct results in a wide frequency band (5 kHz). Simulation and measurements results are presented and show how accurate the identification can be for short-time (two periods) and 1 s long observations.


In 2008, Gyldendal publishing house and the author Ingar Sletten Kolloen presented a biography about an 83-year-old clairvoyant healer called Snasamannen. After publication, the media became aware of the man with the healing hands, and Snasamannen was interviewed by various newspapers, and on television and radio stations. The book became a best-seller, and the massive attention in the media shows that folk medicine is a living part of our society. Previously stories about folk medicine have mostly been transmitted orally, and people have talked about their experiences in private. Today, both women and men talk openly to the media, about their encounters with healing and folk medicine , and during the last year many different types of newspapers have written about Snasamannen.


With the view to achieving a more perfect microvibration-free working environment for high technology equipment such as semiconductors and optical microscopes, the authors investigate the use of a 6-DOF microvibration hybrid control system to mitigate two types of vibration (ground motion and direct disturbance). This hybrid control system comprises a table, five air springs as passive mounts and eight magnetostrictive actuators as active control actuators. To facilitate the feedback control and performance evaluation of the hybrid control system based on the one-third octave band spectra with the absolute velocity being the target, the analytical model of a hybrid control system that incorporates magnetostrictive actuators is established in the absolute coordinates. The control performance of the platform with a hybrid control system is assessed by comparing with the case of the platform with a passive control system. Simulation results indicate that the proposed platform with hybrid control system for microvibration is superior to that with passive control system because of its higher control performance against ground motion and direct disturbance for a wide range of frequencies.


The Image Flow-Cytometer permits to acquire the cell images of the lymphocytes. These images are used to count the Micro Nucleuses (MNs) induced in the cells by carcinogenic agents. The result of the count is widely used for analysis of cytogenetic damage. The acquisition is performed under the hypothesis of laminar flow of the lymphocyte. Nevertheless, many are the causes that make invalid this hypothesis and cause alterations during the image acquisition. The final effect is the presence of different alterations superimposed to the images, that misstate the algorithms used to detect the MNs. In order to reduce the number of images affected by not admissible alteration range, and to increase the reliability of the medical response, a new hardware system is pointed out to synchronize with high accuracy the image acquisition to the lymphocyte flow.


In the more obscure uterine and tubal pathologies, the most successful means of establishing a diagnosis—without resorting to laparotomy with its dangers and discomforts, to say nothing of the expense—is through the use of an iodized oil to assist in the roentgenographic visualization of the organs of reproduction. Lipiodol, the medium the writer has used during the past three years, is ideal in that there are no contra-indications in the pathology most commonly met with—no open blood channels such as are seen in malignancy and menorrhagia. A normal uterine shadow is triangular, the sides of the triangle and the size varying with the individual case, the apex being the cervical end and the base the uterine fundus. The uterine tubes, which leave the two basal angles of the triangle, appear as extremely thin, wavy lines until the isthmus widens into the ampulla. Their width is much augmented before discharge into the abdominal cavity. The normal uterine and tubal displacements were demonstrated in an examin...


F.H. Branin's method of characteristics (1967) has been extended for the transient analysis of transmission lines with constant RLCG parameters. It has been further generalized for iterative waveform relaxation analysis. The sequence of waveforms relaxation generated by the iteration process has been identified as the series expansion of the transmission-line response functions. By incorporating the fast Fourier transform in the waveform analysis, a phenomenal two-order reduction of CPU time and one-order savings in computer memory have been achieved. Examples of RLCG lines driven by bipolar logic gates are given to illustrate the advantage of waveform relaxation over the discrete time simulation. >


common anomalies of the carotid-basilar anastomoses. Persistent trigeminal artery variants originate directly from the precavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and may be observed, usually as an incidental finding, in 0.1-1% of angiography or non-invasive vascular imaging studies.1 Little is known about the significance of the PPTA in occlusive cerebrovascular disease. We describe a patient with PPTA associated with homolateral hypoplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and occlusion of the ICA. A protective hemodynamic role of PPTA in this patient is hypothesized and briefly discussed. The 81-year-old man was admitted because of a severe occipital headache. His past medical history was notable only for arterial hypertension. A lumbar puncture ruled out the presence of subarachnoidal blood. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal areas of restricted diffusion, whereas magnetic resonance angiography showed a right PPTA associated with a hypoplastic precommunicating part of the homolateral ACA (A1) and an occlusion of the right ICA (Figure 1). The Saltzman type 1 PPTA anastomesed with the parasellar right ICA providing vascular supply to the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). An echocontrast-enhanced ultrasound of the extracranial arteries showed a proximal occlusion of the right ICA. The transcranial-color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) showed a normal anterograde flow in the right MCA and in the left ophthalmic artery (OA), but a retrograde flow in the right OA. Transesophageal echocardiography and Holter electrocardiogram were unremarkable. The headache can thus be attributed to a distension of collateral arteries in the circle of Willis (the socalled Willis headache). A prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid was started. The relationship between PPTA and occlusive cerebrovascular disease is unclear. It has been suggested that the presence of PPTA may not significantly alter the occurrence of neurological abnormalities in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular insufficiency.2 On the other hand, reversal of flow through the PPTA has been demonstrated in patients with severe ICA stenosis.3 A collateral support via a PPTA has been also recognized in five patients who underwent the balloon occlusion test of the ICA.4 Since we demonstrated a retrograde flow in the right OA, in our patient the right ICA and its middle cerebral branches are with high probability perfused by retrograde flow through the PPTA. Unfortunately, conventional cerebral angiography could


This research focused on differential effects of emotional and rational preferences in decision making and how people resolve conflicting risk preferences caused by inconsistency between their emotional reactions to and rational assessment of a risk problem. In addition, effects of the framing of choice outcomes on emotional, rational, and overall risk preferences were examined. Adopting a within-subjects design, Study 1 showed that the emotional choice preference was often the opposite of the rational choice preference and was more risk-seeking than the rational preference. The overall favourability rating for a chosen option was significantly higher when the emotional choice and rational choice were the same than when they were opposed. Emotional preferences were significantly more susceptible than rational preferences to the hedonic tone of risky choice framing. The overall preference was a compromise of the conflicting emotional and rational preferences in some risk domains, and resembled either the emotional preference or the rational preference in other risk domains. Study 2, using a between-subjects manipulation, further confirmed that emotional preference and rational preference had differential effects on risky choice.


We develop and implement a parallel flatPERM algorithm (Grassberger 1997 Phys. Rev. E 56 3682–3693, Prellberg and Krawczyk 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 120602) with mutually interacting parallel flatPERM sequences and use it to sample self-avoiding walks in two and three dimensions. Our data show that the parallel implementation accelerates the convergence of the flatPERM algorithm. Moreover, increasing the number of interacting flatPERM sequences (rather than running longer simulations) improves the rate of convergence. This suggests that a more efficient implementation of flatPERM will be a massively parallel implementation, rather than long simulations of one, or a few parallel sequences. We also use the algorithm to estimate the growth constant of the self-avoiding walk in two and in three dimensions using simulations over 12 parallel sequences. Our best results are μ d = 2.638 1585 ( 1 ) , if d = 2 ; 4.684 039 ( 1 ) , if d = 3 .


The article proposes the hypothesis that orality is a central element of due process in civil justice, which is derived from the "right to a hearing" contained in Article 8.1 of the American Convention on Human Rights. This hypothesis is based on four arguments: a) the need to ensure the principle of immediacy in the civil process, b) recognition of the right of hearing as part of due process in other international human rights instruments, c) some pronouncements from agencies and institutions of international and inter-American human rights, and d) the differences between Spanish and English text of Article 8.1 of the American Convention.


The size distribution of condensed products during the combustion of aluminized propellants and flow characteristics of the gas-solid two-phase flow in solid rocket motor were studied in this paper. Firstly, based on the laser scattering technology, an online detection system for condensed products in plume was established, and the size detection of condensed products in the plume of solid rocket motor is carried out. Secondly, a numerical model of two-phase flow in solid rocket motor is established by combining the real size distribution of products in the plume with discrete phase model through the Rosin-Rammler distribution function. Besides, numerical simulation research is carried out under the same experimental conditions, focusing on the influence of condensed products with real size on the characteristics of solid rocket motor. The results show that the innovation measurement system can be used to obtain the size distribution characteristic of condensed products in the plume. At the particle size of stable stage, the mean size,

 D

 v

 50

 , is 104 μm, which is the smallest among all stages. It is also suggested that condensed products at the end stage have the most impact on the flow behavior in solid rocket motor, in that the shock structure, Mach number, and temperature distribution in the near field of plume are significantly changed.


In the paper we prove the lower bound estimate λ2 −λ1  c(λ1 ) −d/α(diam D)−d−α for the spectral gap of the Dirichlet fractional Laplacian (−(−∆)) on an arbitrary bounded open set D ⊆ R. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 47G30, 60G52.


Loading device of a vehicle load floor, in particular a rear loading space, with an in loading rails (3) in the vehicle longitudinal direction movable loading floor (2), wherein the loading floor (2) in the loading rails (3) by releasable locking means frictionally and / or positively fixable , where a to the loading floor (2) is provided operating element for temporarily releasing the locking means comprising at least two at a distance from each other in the vehicle transverse direction parent loading rails (3) operated engaging locking means, characterized by a construction of the loading rails and locking means, wherein of the - have the loading rails (3) are each located an internal, lying in the cross-sectional T-shaped guide channel with the bottom T-beams, wherein the channel side surfaces of V-shaped inclined to each other extend at an underlying V-tip, - of the loading floor (2) engages in each case one of the cross-section of the guide channel of cross section complementary formed guide cage (8) in the guide channel, wherein in the guide cage (8) are mounted displaceably - a perpendicular to a respective channel bottom surface sliding friction wedge (6) complementary associated with the channel side surfaces friction surfaces, which is operated by the actuating element, - a connected with the friction wedge (6), moving this Reibkeiles effecting Direction tappet (7) and - a friction wedge to (6) in its blocking position force-applying spring (10).


EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT AND TURNOVER: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL OF EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT, JOB SATISFACTION, SUPERVISOR SUPPORT, AND INTENT TO STAY RYAN KASDORF 2020 As employee turnover continues to be a major concern for organizations, there is increasing evidence that providing development opportunities can be an effective intervention to decrease voluntary turnover. I propose that an integrated theoretical framework of combining Organizational Support Theory (OST) and the Job DemandsResources Theory (JD-R) is best suited to explain the relationship between employee development and turnover. Moreover, a moderated-mediation model is developed and tested, whereby the relationship between employee perceptions development (EPD) and intent to stay is mediated by job satisfaction, and this indirect relationship is moderated by perceived supervisor support. A large sample (N = 687) of survey responses from a healthcare organization in the Midwest were analyzed. The results indicated that there is a direct, positive relationship between EPD and intent to stay. Furthermore, the results showed that job satisfaction, did indeed, mediate the relationship between EPD and intent to stay, although there was no support for the moderated-mediation hypothesis. These findings provide further evidence that employee development is an effective intervention to reduce turnover as well as increase job satisfaction.


In big frame, the motivation of this paper is creation of a mathematical algorithm and package of programs for computer simulation of past earthquakes events, using seismic data, in order to reconstruct underground structure. Supposedly, this program package could be used also to process the data from seismic stations, obtained during some local explosions made on purpose. Taking into account, that this is multiyear and difficult task, in this paper we suppose to present main ideas and approaches for solving this problem.


Abstract: In this paper, we have suggested the spatial domain method for the digital video watermarking for both visible and invisible watermarks. The methods are used for the copyright protection as well as proof of ownership. In this paper we first extracted the frames from the video and then used spatial domain characteristics of the frames where we directly worked on the pixel value of the frame according to the watermark and calculated different parameters. Keyword: Digital video watermarking, copyright protection, spatial domain watermarking, Least Significant bit substitution I. Introduction Digital watermarking includes a number of techniques that are used to imperceptibly convey information by embedding it into the cover data. Here the cover data taken is a video sequence and the watermarking is thus called the Video Watermarking. Video watermarking is a field that is rapidly evolving in the area of multimedia and interest of the people in this field is increasing day by day because of the major factors as stated below.  Privacy of the digital data is required and because the copying of a video is comparatively very easy.  Fighting against the "Intellectual property rights breach"  Tempering of the digital video must be conceled.  Copyright protection must not be eroded. The figure 1 shows the idea of the video watermarking at the sending end where first of all frames is extracted from the video sequence. The next step is to divide frame into its Red, Green and Blue part. Each part is then individually given to the embedding algorithm block where the other input is a watermark that is to be embedded. After each part is watermarked the next frame is taken and the procedure is repeated untill the last frame. After the watermark is embedded in every frame, all frames are mixed to make the watermarked video which is then transmitted in the channel. The figure 2 shows the idea of the video watermarking at the receiver end the watermarked video is divided into the frames which are divided into Red, Green and Blue part from where the watermark is extracted. This Procedure is repeated for all frames so as to recover the watermark.


This script is focused on the evaluation of the viability of implement a desalination plant in the region of Colombian Guajira driven by renewable energy; starting with a search for information about each one of the renewable energy and those that have been implemented in Colombia, afterwards each of the desalination processes and the possible combinations of these with renewable energies are evaluated. Finally the information about the geographic, social and economic conditions of the region is search, besides the access to drinking water that the inhabitants have, in order to choose the desalination system and energy that better fits to the conditions of the Guajira region. According to the research the wind power and photovoltaic solar energy, both are very promising thanks to the weather and climate conditions in Guajira, but with the bibliographic revision is recommended the use of photovoltaic solar energy with the reverse osmosis system that has low energy consumption.


This chapter briefly examines the jurisprudence of investment tribunals regarding the weight to be accorded to human rights treaties in investment disputes. It discusses some factors that have affected the approach undertaken by these tribunals, emphasizing the predominant private features of contemporary investment arbitral tribunals, and the dominant public character of international human rights law. The chapter addresses the emerging trend of investment tribunals to grant increasing weight to public interests and more general norms of international law. Several factors may explain the general reluctance of investment tribunals to accord a significant role to international human rights instruments. The chapter emphasizes the different private/public conceptions that underlie these two spheres of international law. International investment and human rights laws deal with asymmetric legal relations between States and individuals. Keywords: international human rights law; investment tribunals jurisprudence


Abstract This paper is to analyze the instability of plate structure subjected to in‐plane periodic forces. By using the finite element method, the regions of dynamic instability of beam, plate, plate with a hole, and stiffened plate are analyzed. These analyses can be used as a reference in the design of plate structure under dynamic forces. The isoparameter element used in this paper takes account of transverse shear deformation. It has the advantage of being quite versatile. The results are in good agreement with those in other literature.


Abstract Steady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid through a pipe of circular cross-section is studied by considering Hall and ionic effects. The fluid motion is due to a constant pressure gradient, and an external uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to the flow direction is applied. Expressions for the velocity, microrotation, skin friction and flow rate are obtained. The effects of the micropolar parameter, magnetic parameter, Hall parameter and ion-slip parameter on the velocity, microrotation, skin friction and flow rate are discussed.


Source Citation DeFronzo RA, Goodman AM, and the Multicenter Metformin Study Group. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 31;333:541-9.


In this article, we present an evolutionary technique to optimize the shape of piezoelectric transducers in order to extend the instability limits of laminated composite columns. A Co-continuous eight-node plate finite element with five degrees of freedom is employed. An evolutionary shape design procedure based on the residual voltages is developed. It aims at minimizing the quadratic measure of global displacement residual error between the desired and the current structural configuration. The use of evolutionary technique makes the present procedure computationally efficient. It also alleviates the possibility of checkerboard solutions that are difficult to interpret and manufacture. The performance of the design is demonstrated in modal control of a cantilever beam and control of a tip loaded cantilever column.


The outside director system to consummate the corporate governance in our country is extremely essential,but the Chinese unique stockholder's rights phenomenon,the traditional ideas,the law thoughts and so on cause the outside director to be unaccustomed to the climate in China,comparatively becoming the company's valid ornaments.This article elaborates the outside director system origin as well as the importance,and proposes that we should speed up the construction of this professional job,consummate law and regulations system of the outside director system in order to make it to follow the science orbital motion.


We propose an appearance-based head pose estimation method that can be automatically adapted to individual scenes. Appearance-based estimation methods usually require a ground-truth dataset taken from a scene which is similar to test video sequences. However, it is almost impossible to acquire many manually-labeled head images for each scene. To address the problem, we introduce a new approach for aggregating ground truth head pose labels automatically by inferring head pose labels from walking direction. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves better accuracy in head pose estimation than the conventional approach using a scene-independent generic dataset.


The aim of this study is to determine pre-service teachers' sensibility towards environmental problems. The sample of the study consists of 235 pre-service teachers, 118 males and 117 females, enrolling to different departments of education faculty at Amasya University. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by independent sapmles t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The results of the study revealed that there is no significant difference t 232 = .758, p = .45 between female and male pre-service teachers' with respect to their environmental sensibility levels. The results also showed that although pre-service teachers' enrolling to different grade levels differ from each F 3, 229 = 2.664, p = .04 other with respect to their environmental sensibility levels, there are not any significant differences F 8, 226 = 1.44, p = .18 among pre-service teachers enrolling different departments.


Diamond Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) in pseudovertical configuration were fabricated and analysed. Temperature and diode size dependence analysis of forward I–V characteristics showed an increase in current with increasing diode size, and temperature, along with a decrease in device series‐resistance (RS). It was revealed that device RS consisted of two major factors: primarily significant resistance arising from p+ layer [$R_{({\rm p}^{ + } )} $], and the other from p− layer [$R_{({\rm p}^{ - } )} $]. High temperature characteristics of SBDs in varying size exhibited a saturating limitation in the increase of forward current with increasing diode size, because the decrease in device series resistance (RS) is mainly by $R_{({\rm p}^{ - } )} $ part, whereas $R_{({\rm p}^{ + } )} $ is same irrespective of diode size, and forms to be parasitic resistance of device structure. Curve fitting analysis of experimental RS with our proposed model for $R_{({\rm p}^{ + } )} $ of varying p+ layer thickness revealed that, parasitic resistance originating from p+ layer can be decreased by increasing its thickness, towards achieving high current transport.


Report of the Texas State Auditor's Office related to determining whether state bond-issuing entities were in compliance with requirements in significant bond covenants and applicable laws and regulations, and verifying the accuracy of information reported in the bond schedules in each entity's annual financial report.


Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods use computer simulation of Markov chains in the parameter space. The Markov chains are defined in such a way that the posterior distribution in the given statistical inference problem is the asymptotic distribution. This allows to use ergodic averages to approximate the desired posterior expectations. Several standard approaches to define such Markov chains exist, including Gibbs sampling, Metropolis-Hastings and reversible jump. Using these algorithms it is possible to implement posterior simulation in essentially any problem which allow pointwise evaluation of the prior distribution and likelihood function.


Background Peptic ulcer perforation is a common cause of emergency admission and surgery. This is the first study that documents the presentation and outcome of management in Irrua, Nigeria. Patients and Method This is a prospective study of all patients operated on for perforated peptic ulcer between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2015. A structured questionnaire containing patients' demographics, operation findings, and outcome was filled upon discharge or death. Results There were 104 patients. 81 males and 23 females (M : F = 3.5 : 1). The age range was between 17 years and 95 years. The mean age was 48.99 years ± SD 16.1 years. The ratio of gastric to duodenal perforation was 1.88 : 1. Perforation was the first sign of peptic ulcer disease in 62 (59.6%). Pneumoperitoneum was detectable with plain radiographs in 95 (91%) patients. 72 (69.2%) had Graham's Omentopexy. Death rate was 17.3%. Conclusion We note that gastric perforation is a far commoner disease in our environment. Perforation is often the first sign of peptic ulcer disease. We identify fasting amongst Christians as a risk factor for perforation.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding graded levels of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and oligosaccharide on broiler performance. Oneday old Cobb-500 broiler chicks (n=150) were randomly allocated into five treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 3 replicates having 10 chicks in each replication. The dietary treatment contained no live yeast and oligosaccharide considered as control (T0) and the other four treatments were T1 (1g yeast and 0.5g oligosaccharide/kg feed), T2 (2g yeast and 0.5g oligosaccharide/kg feed), T3 (1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed) and T4 (2g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed). During the experimental periods of 4 weeks, average live weight and feed intake of the birds were recorded, and body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survivability, flock uniformity values were calculated. Growth performance parameters were significantly (P 0.05) effects on survivability and flock uniformity. It is concluded that live yeast and oligosaccharide can be included in broiler diet at the rate of 1g yeast and 1g oligosaccharide/kg feed for better growth performance.


Nine retarded or autistic persons exhibiting very serious self-injury were treated with several types of reinforcement procedures in a comparative study. During the baseline level of instructional prompting, self-injury occurred during 55% of the observation intervals, 57% during social extinction, 34% during differential reinforcement for non-self-injury (DRO), 28% during differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), 25% during response interruption, and 6% during combined DRI-Interruption. Extended application of the DRI-Interruption procedure in the ward and class situations showed a mean level of 12% self-injury on the first day and 0–10% each month for durations up to 48 months while performed by the regular institutional staff. The DRI-Interruption procedure was more effective than the alternatives for most subjects and within 4% of the next most effective procedure for the others. The DRI-Interruption procedure offers a training method that is fairly rapid, applicable to diverse and severe cases, substantial in the degree of benefit, enduring in effectiveness under extended maintenance, and more effective than the alternatives considered here. Its principal disadvantages appear to be the greater training time required as compared with physical punishment and the extensive manual contact required by the interruption component.


This paper shows results of narrowband path loss measurements in a typical urban and suburban mobile-to-mobile radio environment at 900 MHz band. The measurements were made with two omni-directional antennas with a transmitter and a receiver antenna height of 1.5 meters. The results of measurements provide practical values for path loss exponent and standard deviation of shadowing in a non-line-of-sight radio environment. These parameters can be used with a simple power law path loss model to predict reliable communication ranges for future communication systems operating in a mobile-to-mobile environment, such as a relay extended cellular networks, non-line-of-sight vehicle-to-vehicle communications or relay assisted positioning applications.


Cybersecurity is a growing concern for private individuals and professional entities. Thereby, reports have shown that the majority of cybersecurity incidents occur because users fail to behave securely. Research on human cybersecurity (HCS) behavior suggests that time pressure is one of the important driving factors behind insecure HCS behavior. However, as our review reveals, studies on the role of time pressure in HCS are scant and there is no framework that can inform researchers and practitioners on this matter. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework consisting of contexts, psychological constructs, and boundary conditions pertaining to the role time pressure plays on HCS behavior. The framework is also validated and extended by findings from semi-structured interviews of different stakeholder groups comprising of cybersecurity experts, professionals, and general users. The framework will serve as a guideline for future studies exploring different aspects of time pressure in cybersecurity contexts and also to identify potential countermeasures for the detrimental impact of time pressure on HCS behavior.


15b. The mRNA expression of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 was also significantly upregulated in response to IFN-c. The IFN-c-induced increase of chemokine was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with compound 15b (Fig. 1). Consistent with the mRNA data, ELISA analysis confirmed that IFN-c-induced CCL2 and CCL5 secretion was increased by pretreatment with compound 15b. IFNc-induced CCL2 and CCL5 secretion was significantly inhibited by treatment with transforming growth factor-a (100 ng/mL), which acts as an EGFR ligand (Fig. 2). We showed that ADAM17 inhibitor upregulates cytokine-induced chemokine expression in keratinocytes. Our observations suggest that inhibition of ADAM17 induces more severe inflammation in skin disease by enhancing the chemokine expression.


ABSTRACT There is a long history of eucalypt planting in inland regions of southern China where humid summers and frequent winter frosts and extreme cold events are features of the climate. Although early eucalypt plantings suffered widespread failures, some species managed to survive with individual trees in some plantings growing to impressive sizes with diameter at breast height (DBH) exceeding 50 cm. One of the most productive and best adapted species in the plantings was Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Two species–provenance trials were established in southern and central Hunan province in 2006 primarily to explore the potential of E. camaldulensis and the related E. tereticornis, but also to provide comparisons with two other species with potential for the climate. The trials included 65 provenances representing six taxa from four species: E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. amplifolia and E. macarthurii. Three provenances represented improved seed sources from Africa, whilst the others were natural stand provenances. Eucalyptus amplifolia var. amplifolia demonstrated the best potential for growth and survival up to age 5 years. Eucalyptus macarthurii had the best cold tolerance, but relatively poor performance for growth and survival. Both E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis demonstrated reasonable cold tolerance, but growth and survival of E. camaldulensis var. camaldulensis provenances from temperate to subtropical climatic areas with dry summers and winter-dominant rainfall (Köppen climate classification Csa) were markedly inferior than those of E. tereticornis ig. 'tereticamal' and E. tereticornis ssp. tereticornis sourced from tropical and subtropical environments with summer-dominant rainfall (Köppen climate classifications Aw and Am). Seedlots of E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis and E. macarthurii from improvement programs in Zimbabwe and South Africa mostly proved inferior to or no better than the best natural stand provenances of the same species in the Hunan environment.


AIM To observe the relationship between the change of thyroid function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Further more, to study the mechanism of cardiomyocyte apoptosis when thyroid function is abnormal. METHODS The models of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were made in rats. The concentrations of serum T 3, T 4 and TSH were detected. The presence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was demon strated by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dTUP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS The presence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis wasn't demonstrated in control group and the hyperthyroidism group. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was demonstrated in the group of hypothyroidism. The degree of left ventricle's apoptosis is higher than the degree of right ventricle's apoptosis. Between the degree of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the concentrations of serum T 3, T 4 there was a negative correlation ( r =-0.834, P 0.001). But between the degree of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the concentration of serum TSH there was a positive correlation ( r =0.941, P 0.001). CONCLUSION Myocardial apoptosis is closely related with thyroid function, and plasma thyroid hormones play an important role in adjusting and controlling myocardial apoptosis .


In the light of Pikimachay and Meadowcroft, the scale would seem to be tilting toward the existence of pre-Clovis man in the New World, as opposed to its tilting the other way in the 1960's. Is this true is there a consensus that this evidence is unequivocal and established fact? Dragoo, in his excellent review of Eastern prehistory,' is so convinced and argues for (1) Clovis in the East being older than in the West, (2) a pre-Clovis core and flake complex from which Clovis developed, and (3) a pebble tool Pre-Projectile Point stage. The only hard evidence offered for a pre-11,500 age for Clovis in the East is his and Adovasio's2 suggestion that the early unit IIa occupation at Meadowcroft may be Clovis. Indeed it may be. The blades, flake tools, and bifacially worked artifacts would not be out of place in Clovis assemblages, but until proof is forthcoming we cannot be certain. Meadowcroft would seem to provide the first hard evidence of pre-12,000 B.P. occupation of North America south of the glaciated areas.2 The occurrence there of unquestionable artifacts in good stratigraphic context at the base of a multicomponent sequence radiocarbon dated by charcoal in hearths would appear to be unequivocal. After playing a wearisome role as devil's advocate, it was a relief t o see such convincing evidence. Upon further consideration, however, there are four aspects of the site that do not leave me completely satisfied. These are (1) a lack of extinct fauna, (2) the occurrence in Stratum IIa of hardwood nuts less than 100 miles from the late Wisconsin ice border, (3) the absence of any paleosol or stratigraphic break in the 4or 5-millenia hiatus between the date of 7,125 k 11 5 B.C. and those around 12,000 B.C., and (4) the lack of Paleoindian and Early Archaic horizons. These factors do not negate the logical interpretations that have been made. They are mentioned only as a caution that there may be alternative explanations. Is it possible that the carbon is contaminated by Paleozoic coal? This is a real possibility, inasmuch as coal deposits occur in the area, and it is being tested by Stuckenrath, who is providing the radiocarbon dates from his superb laboratory at the Smithsonian Institution. Preliminary results indicate that the soluble organic fraction normally discarded during pretreatment for radiocarbon dating yields older "dates" than the insoluble carbon residue, which represents the smaller fraction of organic carbon (Stuckenrath, personal communication). These facts suggest that the sample may be contaminated by "dead" carbon carried in ground water. Returning now to the subject of the age of Clovis artifacts in the East, it has been suggested that they are older than in the West because they occur in greater density and show greater variety.' In keeping with the concept of multiple working hypo these^,^ I would suggest as an alternative that fluted point production persisted longer in the East than in the West. In fact some fluted points in the


Xtend is a soft x-ray imaging telescope developed for the x-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM). XRISM is scheduled to be launched in the Japanese fiscal year 2022. Xtend consists of the soft x-ray imager (SXI), an x-ray CCD camera, and the x-ray mirror assembly (XMA), a thin-foil-nested conically approximated Wolter-I optics. The SXI uses the P-channel, back-illuminated type CCD with an imaging area size of 31mm on a side. The four CCD chips are arranged in a 2×2 grid and can be cooled down to −120 °C with a single-stage Stirling cooler. The XMA nests thin aluminum foils coated with gold in a confocal way with an outer diameter of 45 cm. A pre-collimator is installed in front of the x-ray mirror for the reduction of the stray light. Combining the SXI and XMA with a focal length of 5.6m, a field of view of 38′ × 38′ over the energy range from 0.4 to 13 keV is realized. We have completed the fabrication of the flight model of both SXI and XMA. The performance verification has been successfully conducted in a series of sub-system level tests. We also carried out on-ground calibration measurements and the data analysis is ongoing.


Five years after draft assemblies of the human genome became available the number of genes it contains remains uncertain. Parallel approaches yield divergent estimates of the total gene number, and it is not yet clear how to rationalize this variability. To illustrate the challenges involved in identifying and counting genes, I overview three major approaches: sequence-analysis, transcriptomic analysis, and genome-wide localization of the basal transcriptional machinery.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of storytelling on the self-efficacy of students. The research method was quasi-experimental along with pretest-posttest. The statistical population consisted of two elementary fourth grades with 21 students in each class. One of them was selected as the test group and the other as the control. Before the beginning of the course, a pretest was performed for all students (42 students). The self-efficacy questionnaire (SEQ-C) (Muris) was used for data collection and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with covariance test after checking the homogeneity of variance and regression. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. This means that storytelling had a positive effect on the three dimensions (social, educational and emotional) of students' self-efficacy.


In this important and imposing book, Stephen J. Pyne brings the subject of fire into the realm of historical scholarship. Most accounts of fire in America have focused on destruction and terror, as human beings and animals flee before and fall victim to the advancing flames.' Pyne, to be sure, does not ignore this dimension of the story, but he moves beyond the preoccupations of past writers to deal with the historical significance of fire. Through lightning, nature provided humanity with the mechanism of fire. Adapting this gift to their varied and changing needs, human beings were able, to a certain extent, to manipulate their environment. "It was as keeper of the flame," notes Pyne, "that man first became steward of the land" (p. 18). By the introduction or the withholding of fire, man's natural surroundings could be significantly altered. This relationship-the great majority of historical fires have been caused, either directly or indirectly, by human action-has been a constant from ancient times to the present day and makes for a unique perspective on the course of history. "Fire history," the author contends, "cannot be understood apart from human history" (p. 5). The real subject of the book, then, is the historical culture of fire in America. Carried by Indians, the "fire from Asia" was responsible for the first human-directed modification of the American environment. Natives fired the woods to clear land for agriculture, to encourage the growth of natural food crops, to enlarge the habitat of game, and to defend their villages from attackers.2 In the Pacific Northwest, recent studies have argued that Indian fire, which destroyed undergrowth and shade, made possible the expansion of slow-growing and sensitive Douglas fir, the region's most valuable timber species.3 "The general consequence of the Indian occupation of the New World," writes Pyne, "was to replace forested land with grassland or savannah, or, where the forest persisted, to open it up and free it from underbrush" (p. 79). In one of the many paradoxes that informs the book, Pyne credits the coming of Europeans to America with responsibility for a massive expansion of


The first part of this work is a theoretical study of localized excess electron states in ammonia and water. The calculations of this study are based on a semicon tinuum model which consists of the excess electron, its nearest neighbor solvent molecules and a dielectric continuum. A comparison of some theoretical results with experimental properties is made. It is found that theoretically calculated changes in the optical transition energy with variations in temperature and pressure are qualitatively in agreement with experimental results. Studies of the mixed solvent system of ammonia-water were inconclusive. The dielectron (two electrons per cavity) is predicted to be unstable. The location of the higher excited states of the localized electron are predicted as are modifications of the model. A theory of outer sphere electron transfer reactions in polar solvents is also developed which utilizes the same division of solvent into two regions — solvation .layer and continuum. A quantum mechanical expression for the electron transfer probability is derived which pre dicts a temperature dependent activation energy in many cases. PART ONE ELECTRONS IN FLUIDS


ABSTRACT Objectives: Depression is prevalent among older persons, which seriously threatens their life satisfaction. This study aimed to explore the internal mechanisms by which depression influences life satisfaction among the elderly, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of ostracism and economic income, respectively, in a sample of rural older adults across China. Design: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted as part of the project "Thousands of People and Hundreds of Villages (2019)." Setting: Participants were rural older adults from 31 provincial-level administrative units across China. Participants: The sample composed of 1,754 participants aged 60 years and over. Measurements: Depression was assessed with the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, life satisfaction with the Satisfaction with Life Scale, ostracism with the Ostracism Experience Scale (OES), and economic income and other control variables with related demographic scales. Moderation and mediation analyses were performed using the regression-based approach as conducted by Hayes (2013). Results: Depression negatively predicted life satisfaction among the elderly. Ostracism played a partially mediating role between depression and life satisfaction. Economic income moderated the effect of depression and ostracism on life satisfaction: High economic income weakened the negative effect of depression on life satisfaction and enhanced the negative effect of ostracism on life satisfaction. Conclusion: Improving depressed elderly people's interpersonal relationships and financial support could improve their life satisfaction.


a certain number of conjectures, mostly minor and several of them beyond question right. This is one of the greatest of all commentaries, and it is most valuable that it should be reprinted in a genuine critical edition. It displays remarkable clarity and power of thought, even through the medium of the translation, and ranges over much of Aristotle's work and also over the discussions of earlier commentators, Greek and Arabic. Its merits are not the less great because most modern scholars would disagree with it on important points, as when it holds that only particulars exist outside the intellect, and when it sets out its general exposition of the intellect itself. But this last is a perpetually disputed point, and it is noteworthy that in recent years Averroes' interpretation of Aristotle's theory of the intellect has found a stalwart defender in the Dutch scholar F. Nuyens, who treats the matter at length in Devolution de la psychologie d'Aristote (Fr. trans., 1948). Averroes treats all three Books in great detail, but, as is natural, devotes the least space to the first; his division between Books ii and iii is not alone in coming at our iii. 4. 429 10 (cf. the Latin Philoponus on De An. iii), and leaves the whole of pp. 379-502 to be devoted to the theory of the intellect. It is here, in the long comment on 4292O/-43o2, that there comes the famous encomium on Aristotle, 'Credo enim quod iste homo fuit regula in Natura, et exemplar quod Natura invenit ad demonstrandum ultimam perfectionem humanam in materiis' (iii, §14, 142-5; p. 433). Averroes refers many times in the course of his commentary to Galen, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Themistius, Alfarabi, and Avempace, several times to Theophrastus and twice to Nicolaus of Damascus, but never (it seems) to Philoponus or Simplicius, only twice to Avicenna, and never to any Arabic philosopher but him, Alfarabi, and Avempace.


Consulting firms are increasingly likely to cite knowledge management as a core capability for achieving competitive advantage. Consistent with this claim has been their increasing investment in systems that seek to formalise knowledge management and to allow firms to leverage the knowledge held within the firm. However, despite some successes, knowledge management remains a major challenge to consulting firms.This paper investigates the parameters of this challenge. The paper uses a framework that distinguishes between input and output challenges. Input challenges are those that relate to the production of a knowledge base that is able to be shared within the firm. Specific factors that are identified and discussed include the effects of time pressure, the effects of the reward structure, the competitive market for knowledge, consulting reports as "reconstructed logic" and the capacity of codification to capture the diverse phenomena that embody knowledge. Output challenges are those that relate to the c...


"Art Social" is an artistic ideology that prevailed during the July Monarchy period in France. Its emergence is closely related to the social structure changes and sequela brought about by the Industrial Revolution. It managed to fuse Christianism with late eighteenthcentury Socialism, possessing a spirit of fraternity. The supporters of "Art Social" believe that art must be concerned about the sufferings of the people and should commend ethics and morals, as well as promote social progress. Thus, its philosophy includes primarily two layers: first is in term of its concept-art for humans; second is in terms of its subjects-describing reality. The former preaches the purpose of art, emphasizing the objective of art to teach and the role of artists as the vanguard; the latter insists that art must abandon myths, history, and religious matters, and instead delve into the core of society, capturing the pulse of the era. Although "Art Social" was being called upon during the entire July Monarchy, it did not receive a popular response from the artists. That is to say, artists did not adequately show its philosophy in their works. This is more or less one of the important reasons why it was not favored by historians. The ideology of "Art Social" reached its peak during the 1830s and early 1840s, and then gradually declined after 1845. A new generation of realists emerged, accentuating simple and objective portrayal of nature, discarding the philosophy of artistic mission completely. Be it Champfleury's "documental realism" or Zola's "pure art," the new generation's theory for disengagement was different from the progress and moral consciousness of "Social Art." In other words, before entering the golden era of Realism, "Art Social" had substantially vanished with the February Revolution.


In the fall of 1933, English physiologist A.V. Hill forcibly denounced the brutal Nazi racial policies, which the Nazi anti-Semite Johannes Stark then defended. Rutherford was drawn into the dispute in early 1934 and responded by first reviewing the long history of racial tolerance and academic freedom in England, and then by appealing for support for the Academic Assistance Council to help refugees. Among them were nuclear physicists Rudolf Peierls, Otto Robert Frisch, Maurice and Gertrude Goldhaber, Felix Bloch, Hans Bethe, and Walter Elsasser, who like many before him never forgot the first time he saw the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, knowing that he had been given the chance for a new start in life.


Based on the comprehensive studies of sedimentary environment, soil parent material, soil chemical component and acid-alkaline properties, and soil types in Nanchang-Liantang region, the author points out that there is definite similarity of soil parent material in the region. The majority of the elements in the surface soil are not well-distributed in the region because of the man-made effects, so three environment geochemical regions of "one-high and two-low" may be divided. Meanwhile, the present situation of the soil environment has been found and a preliminary evaluation on the quality of the soil environment was made. It is believed that the pollutions of the soil environment in the region have many relations with mankind activities. The pollution in the city is more serious than that of suburbs, and the pollution in vegetable plots is more serious than that of croplands. At last, it is reminded that the soil environment quality in this region should be paid close attention and the concerned actions should be adopted as soon so possible to eliminate "chemical bomb" before its causing a great harm to human being.


Invested in increasing access to computational literacy, this paper explores the development of a series of free public workshops in partnership with an equity-seeking group. These workshops cover e-textile techniques that lend themselves to making alternative game controllers leading up to a concept-led game jam. We use research creation approaches to prioritize creative exploration within a community group for marginalized makers. The goal of the research is to explore and elucidate the overlap between e-textiles and experimental game making. We discuss our playful use of workshops as research method to iterate on the embodied experience of making on behalf of our participants. Our contribution maps the connections between workshop design and development, learning materials generated, through to application within an online game jam setting.


Abstract The reactivity of sodium borohydride with respect to the reduction of the carbethoxy group in unsubstituted esters is increased by the introduction of a sulfinyl group in the α or β positions. This effect is decreased only slightly by steric hindrance due to the presence of bulky groups in the α or β positions. This behaviour is compared to that of the corresponding α and β sulfenyl carboxylic esters.


To answer the question why Buddhism can be sinolized,we must try to find out what essential characteristics,embodied in Indian Buddhism and Chinese traditional philosophy(mainly referring to Confucianism and Taoism),made the two systems well blended.The prerequisite for Buddhism to be sinolized is that there were four fundamental characteristics existing in the two systems which agreed with each other.Another important reason for the possibility of Buddhism's sinolization is that there were five different characteristics which could nourish each other in the two systems.


PurposeReflection on performance and progress prepares students for workplace environments where self-management is expected, and yet this is something students are not often required to do formally in higher education (HE). This paper explores this gap in students' ability and seeks to address it through a reconsideration of summative assessment practices which, particularly in light of COVID-19, must align with the needs of graduates and their employers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws from data collected from the summative reflective assessment reports that degree apprentices (DAs) submitted during the final year of their Business Management degree while undertaking a problem-based module. We undertook a document analysis of these reports and used thematic analysis where we systematically looked for repeated themes in students' reflections.FindingsStudents problematise the skills needed during COVID-19, and beyond, both in their academic studies and the workplace. Authentic assessment provides opportunities for students to work on skills and projects which are relevant to them. Through reflective accounts of skills they developed, students were able to bridge academic and professional practice and identify areas of convergence. Students engaged with academic theories in a constructive and meaningful way which suggests that authentic reflective accounts as part of assessment have the potential to maintain academic rigour.Originality/valueSkills development can bring the workplace into HE in a meaningful and systematic way and this article provides guidance for those looking to introduce reflection on skills to other courses. We suggest how this model can be utilised across modules which do not have work-integrated learning in their delivery.


In the urbanization process,the level of public services in rural sports is closely correlated with the farmers' living environment and sports rights.The paper,taking Guangzhou as a case study,hopes to provide help for other areas of the country by studying the experience and problems in Guangzhou in terms of its sports public services.On-the-spot investigation of the Xinhua Street,Huadu District of Guangzhou reveals the following characteristics of rural sports public sports services: the management is increasingly standardized;the sense of service is strengthened;the participation sense of leaders has a direct relation with the level of public sports services;economic foundation is still the decisive factor in the level of public sports services.There are still some problems in rural sports public service in the urbanization process: the land for venue construction has become a new bottleneck for the development of public sports;there is a weird phenomenon of supporting the strong ones not the vulnerable ones in policies;the farmers' quality is not synchronized with their growing earnings;migrant workers have become the new inhabitants out of the system and there is a lack of experience in guiding and utilizing social resources.


Limited published research is available on the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) beyond the initial few months postdrug initiation, especially for those who initiated therapy via individual investigational new drug application. The experiences of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experiencing severe lung disease were reviewed for significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life.


Abstract Studies of chain folding in amylose employing spectroscopic techniques have led to an assignment of the 1295-cm−1 band to a unique fold conformation. Irregular folds, present in single crystals, are regularized to the unique fold conformation during annealing. Annealing of solution-cast films, which initially contain a small amount of regular folding, increases the amount of regular folds. Swelling of these annealed films with water vapor destroys this unique folded conformation.


ABSTRACT Interleukin-22 (IL-22) maintains gut epithelial integrity and expression of antimicrobial peptides Reg3&bgr; and Reg3&ggr;. Our laboratory has shown that acute alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) exposure before burn injury results in increased gut permeability, intestinal T-cell suppression, and enhanced bacterial translocation. Herein, we determined the effect of combined EtOH intoxication and burn injury on intestinal levels of IL-22 as well as Reg3&bgr; and Reg3&ggr; expression. We further examined whether in vivo restitution of IL-22 restores gut permeability, Reg3&bgr; and Reg3&ggr; levels, and bacterial load (e.g., gut bacterial growth) within the intestine after EtOH and burn injury. Male mice, ∼25g, were gavaged with EtOH (2.9 mg/kg) before receiving a ∼12.5% total-body-surface-area, full-thickness burn. Mice were immediately treated with saline control or IL-22 (1 mg/kg) by i.p. injection. One day after injury, there was a significant decrease in intestinal IL-22, Reg3&bgr;, and Reg3&ggr; expression along with an increase in intestinal permeability and gut bacterial load after EtOH combined with burn injury, as compared with sham injury. Treatment with IL-22 normalized Reg3&bgr; and Reg3&ggr; expression and attenuated the increase in intestinal permeability after EtOH and burn injury. Qualitatively, IL-22 treatment reduced the bacterial load in nearly half of mice receiving EtOH combined with burn injury. Our data indicate that IL-22 maintains gut epithelial and immune barrier integrity after EtOH and burn injury; thus, the IL-22/antimicrobial peptide pathway may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients who sustain burn injury under the influence of EtOH.


The present invention is by use of a hydroxypropylated high amylose content potato starches, the method for producing a grease resistance packaging material having a number of kits more than 21.


Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology continues to transform radar systems and wireless cellular Base Transceiver Station (BTS) systems. DSP technology has made possible the dramatic gains in radar sensitivity, range and image quality, as well as the gains in the cell phone radio performance, data bandwidth and power efficiency. Next generation radar and BTS systems continue to leverage advancing DSP technology with advanced techniques including synthetic beam forming and beam steering.


The emergence of extensible index structures, e.g., GiST (generalized search tree) [J.M. Hellerstein et al. (1995)] and SP-GiST (space-partitioning generalized search tree) [W. G Aref et al., (2001)], calls for a set of extensible algorithms to support different operations (e.g., insertion, deletion, and search). Extensible bulk operations (e.g., bulk loading and bulk insertion) are of the same importance and need to be supported in these index engines. In this paper, we propose two extensible buffer-based algorithms for bulk operations in the class of space-partitioning trees; a class of hierarchical data structures that recursively decompose the space into disjoint partitions. The main idea of these algorithms is to build an in-memory tree of the target space-partitioning index. Then, data items are recursively partitioned into disk-based buffers using the in-memory tree. Although the second algorithm is designed for bulk insertion, it can be used in bulk loading as well. The proposed extensible algorithms are implemented inside SP-GiST; a framework for supporting the class of space-partitioning trees. Both algorithms have I/O bound O(NH/B), where N is the number of data items to be bulk loaded/inserted, B is the number of tree nodes that can fit in one disk page, H is the tree height in terms of pages after applying a clustering algorithm. Experimental results are provided to show the scalability and applicability of the proposed algorithms for the class of space-partitioning trees. A comparison of the two proposed algorithms shows that the first algorithm performs better in case of bulk loading. However the second algorithm is more general and can be used for efficient bulk insertion.


One of the key themes in the Hebrew scriptures concerns the Hebrews as the people of God, with Abraham as their father. This chapter proposes that this theme can also be found in the Gospel of Judas, and in relation to the character of Judas, although in the gospel it is a negative theme. Louis Painchaud has recently argued for a link between Judas and the patriarch Judah, taking his point of departure from Gospel of Judas 46,14-47,4 where Jesus asserts that Judas will reign. In the Apocalypse of Abraham, the character of Azazel/Satan is a negative mirror image of Abraham, who also has an association with stars, a new race, and (perhaps) the sacrifice or betrayal of Jesus.Keywords: Abraham's sacrifice; Azazel; Gospel of Judas; Louis Painchaud


Background: After Genome project, cancer genetic information is being rapidly changing. Everyday nurses are incorporating current cancer genetic knowledge and genetic testing into their practice. So their cancer genetic knowledge is important for ensuring quality of cancer patient care and education. Purpose: This study is performed for describing the Korean nurses' current knowledge level about the hereditary breast cancer. Method: This national wide survey used 15-item questionnaire which is modified from the Breast Cancer Genetic Counseling Knowledge Questionnaire originally developed by Erblich et al.(2005). Three hundred and nine nurses were recruited for this survey from April 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006. Result: Nurses' knowledge level about the hereditary breast cancer was not high. Clinical nurses with master degree, working large hospital located in Seoul had higher knowledge about hereditary breast cancer. Education related to cancer genetics was significantly impact on the level of nurses' knowledge. Conclusion: Cancer genetic educational program for Korean nurses is strongly needed for delivering cancer care services sensitive to ever-changing cancer genetic information.


Generally, researchers assume that the experience of disgust is universal, shared by all humans at all times. It is under this assumption that much of the growing field of the history of disgust studies operates. However, no single concept of disgust exists. For example, while many believe that the causes of disgust are universal, others do not. Others have noted that the English word 'disgust' does not have identical equivalents in other languages, pointing to no single, shared concept of disgust. This article looks more closely at that last idea, noting that the word 'disgust' did not take on its current usage until the mid-eighteenth century. Beginning with an exploration of modern understandings of disgust, the paper charts the development of the modern English concept of the feeling. It argues that rather than being a universal emotion, the modern concept of disgust began when the word was used by early eighteenth-century taste theorists to describe a feeling of anti-taste – an extreme reaction to the opposite of beauty. Even then, this disgust was somewhat different from modern disgust, with deeper links to displeasure and horror than modern notions of the feeling. The main point of the article is the suggestion that historians of emotion research what look like modern emotions in the past, particularly disgust, that they ought to be cautious. Even if modern feelings appear to apply to historical events and ideas, a more in-depth look will often reveal a more complex era-dependant experience somewhat different from the modern concept.


The objective of this present paper is to analyse, by the studies of referential process, the first article published by Veja maganize on 13th, November, 2002, about Suzane Von Richthofen. This paper will only focus some referential aspects, specially, the nominal expressions and the anaphoric encapsulations.


It is kiiowii that in mammals whose testes are normally residual in a scrota1 sac, degeneration of the testes occurs when they are maiiitaiiied in the abdomen or at a temperature equal to or higher than the normal body temperature (see Moore, '32, for a discussion of the literature). Degeneration of the testes also follows removal of the hypophysis, and the gonads assume an abdominal position which is said to be "the result rather than the cause of the atrophy" (Smith, '30). The present experiments were designed to determine the comparative rate of testicular degeneration in rats after hypophysectomy and cryptorchidism.


ABSTRACT The high achievement of British Chinese students in the British education system is established in the official literature and has recently been subject to increased attention and comment; albeit it remains the case that few studies have asked students or their families about the factors contributing to their success. This paper revisits findings from an earlier research project that investigated the extent to which British Chinese students and their parents value education (and their rationales), their experiences of British education, and the construction of British Chinese students by their teachers. The study revealed the 'hidden racisms' experienced by British Chinese students, the problematisation of their perceived approaches to learning by British teachers in spite of their high attainment, and the benefits, costs, and consequences of their valuing of education. This article contextualises these prior findings within more recent discourses and debates around 'Chinese success', precipitated by increased policy attention to the educational attainment of different groups of students, especially from low socio-economic backgrounds. It argues that these discourses on one hand elevate Chinese successes and teaching methods (in contrast to prior narratives), but on the other they continue to exoticise and 'Other' the British Chinese, misrecognising educational practices common among White middle-class parents.


Studies in the field of ancient DNA began thirty years ago. Key discoveries proved that ancient DNA is an important tool in the search for difficult answers pertaining to our past. Studies on pigmentation genetics showed that adaptation for different UV radiations was the major factor contributing to the formation of the current pigmentation pattern in Europe, but there is evidence which highlights the additional effect of sexual selection. From the various genes described to play a role in the determination of human skin, hair and eye color, HERC2, SLC24A4 and SLC45A2 seem to be most strongly associated with this phenotypic characteristics.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of modified Soave procedure combined with colon plication for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in children.Methods Between July 2005 and August 2009,32 HD patients of the plication group underwent modified Soave procedure combined with colon plication at this center.Another 32 patients who underwent modified Soave procedure were enrolled as the controls.The pathological examinations,follow-up,barium enema,anorectal manometry,and anorectal function were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed to evaluate the surgical efficacy.Results Of the 32 patients of the plication group,26 had normal ganglion cells at both ends of the dilated intestine,and decreased ganglia number and ganglia degeneration were found on the other 6 patients.However,among the 32 control patients,decreased ganglia number and ganglia degeneration was only found on 4 patients.Rectoscopy suggested that mucosa rugae caused by colon plication could eventually disappear half a year after the surgery.On patients' barium enema radiography,no dilated intestines were observed.No difference of the defecation function scores between the plication group and control group at 1 year after operation was found (defecation function score,6.6 ± 1.3 vs 6.8 ±1.2).Moreover,there was no difference of high pressure zone length (2.0 ± 0.7 cm vs 1.9 ± 0.6 cm),anal canal resting pressure (53.1 ± 3.9 mmHg vs 52 ± 4.7 mmHg) and sensation threshold (30~55 ml vs 35~60 ml) between the 2 groups 1 year after operation.Postoperative complications included anastomotic stenosis was noted on 1 patients of the placation group,1 of the plication group and 1 control patient had mild soiling.Conclusions Modified Soave procedure combined with colon plication improves the defecation function of the HD patients.

Key words:
Hirschsprung disease; Modified Soave; Follow-up studies


We analyze the quantum and thermal fluctuations in a magnetic nanoparticle that can be used as a component in magnetoelectronic devices and compare their influences on the basic modes of device operation at the nanoscale level. Within the framework of the effective Landau free energy constructed using a spin density functional approximation, we study the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations in different quantum numbers as the temperature and dimension of the particle are varied. Both theoretical and simulation results are presented for quantifying the quantum and thermal fluctuations. While quantum fluctuations hamper further miniaturization of today's electronic devices, our results suggest that the dominant factors affecting magnetoelectronic nanoscale devices are thermal fluctuations.


This study emphasizes on adaptive selling behaviour of salespersons of life insurance sector of Pakistan. Adaptive selling is a technique used by a salesperson to provide customized solution to each customer according to his needs and wants which ultimately results in achieving all sales targets. According to trait theory sale success of a salesperson depends upon how much individual's personality traits he/she possesses. So, 270 salespersons are chosen from life insurance companies of different cities of Pakistan on the basis of their expertise in the subject being investigated. The findings shows that individual traits like trait competitiveness, empathy proneness, psychological empowerment and expert power positively and significantly influence adaptive selling behaviour of a salespersons guiding sales mangers to sought out these traits while hiring and coaching salespersons to execute adaptive selling behaviour to ultimately increase the sales of their particular life insurance company which in return will boast up the life insurance sector of Pakistan. Lastly, this article concludes at direction for further work. Keywords: Adaptive Selling Behaviour- trait competitiveness- empathy proneness- psychological empowerment- expert power- life insurance sector of Pakistan


The effects of environmental factors on topsoil nutrient distribution have been extensively discussed, but it remains unclear how they affect spatial characteristics of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry at different depths. We collected 184 soil samples in the typical black soil region of northeast China. Ordinary kriging was performed to describe the spatial distribution of soil C, N, and P eco-stoichiometry. Redundancy analysis was used to explore relationships between C:N:P ratios and physicochemical characteristics. The soil classification was studied by hierarchical cluster analysis. The mean C, N, and P contents ranged from 15.67 to 20.08 g·kg−1, 1.15 to 1.51 g·kg−1, and 0.80 to 0.90 g·kg−1 within measured depths. C, N, and P concentrations and stoichiometry increased from southwest to northeast, and the Songhua River was identified as an important transition zone. At 0–20 cm, soil water content explained most of the C, N, and P content levels and ratios in cluster 1, while latitude had the highest explanatory ability in cluster 2. For 20–40 cm, soil bulk density was the main influencing factor in both clusters. Our findings contribute to an improved knowledge of the balance and ecological interactions of C, N, and P in northeast China for its sustainability.


Simple Summary In the south of western Siberia (Russia), there are many unique and unexplored lakes. This work focused on Lake Solenoe, a component of a poorly studied lake system in the south of western Siberia. The diversity of microorganisms of Lake Solenoe was evaluated in the floating community and in the bottom sediments. The aim was to assess the metabolic potential of this lake ecosystem and to describe the identified relations between the mineral and living components. This is the first detailed study on the microbial diversity, its metabolic potential, and their relations with a series of geochemical parameters in the lake ecosystem of Novosibirsk Oblast. Abstract In the south of western Siberia (Russia), there are many unique and unexplored soda, saline, and freshwater lakes. In this study, the results are presented on microbial diversity, its metabolic potential, and their relation with a set of geochemical parameters for a hypersaline lake ecosystem in the Novosibirsk region (Oblast). The metagenomic approach used in this work allowed us to determine the composition and structure of a floating microbial community, the upper layer of silt, and the strata of bottom sediments in a natural saline lake via two bioinformatic approaches, whose results are in good agreement with each other. In the floating microbial community and in the upper layers of the bottom sediment, bacteria of the Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria), Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla were found to predominate. The lower layers were dominated by Proteobacteria (mainly Deltaproteobacteria), Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Archaea. Metabolic pathways were reconstructed to investigate the metabolic potential of the microbial communities and other hypothetical roles of the microbial communities in the biogeochemical cycle. Relations between different taxa of microorganisms were identified, as was their potential role in biogeochemical transformations of C, N, and S in a comparative structural analysis that included various ecological niches.


Under the current view of the inclusion policy s implementation in the fields of district and national education, this study aimed to characterize six district institutions in Bogota city, located in different locations and contexts, specifically in the transition and first grade levels, about five inclusive education factors such as: inclusive cultures, educational mediation, diversity and difference, development, children and childhoods. A mixed approach was considered through a cross-sectional study of descriptive exploratory type, which allowed tocollect, process and analyze in a qualitative / quantitative manner information obtained through three instruments that inquired present levels of each of the factors already mentioned. The processing was performed using the SPSS (Stadistical Product and Service Solutions) program for the Likert questions that allowed to represent and analyze data from the ideal and arithmetic means obtained in each institution and determine the present levels thereof. Besides, for the open questions and the children s instruments, the factors analysis was conducted according to the desirable and undesirable responses presence. From this, it was possible to describe the profiles, recognizing the strengths and opportunities for improvement in each institution, according to indicators of developments in the participant population's beliefs, knowledge and practices. So that when they are shared at the institutions, they will be benchmarks to foster inclusive cultures.


The present invention provides a substrate that can realize a high light-output efficiency, and to provide an organic EL light-emitting device of high luminous efficiency by using the substrate for the purpose. The present invention, the transparent substrate 10 and a substrate (1) having a light collecting structure layer 30, the light collecting structure layer 30 contains a structure 25 on the plurality of weight-like or semi-spherical, of the plurality the bottom surface of the weight-like or semi-spherical structure (25) provides the substrate (1) in the same plane. The structure 25 is preferably a cone, or the sagakchu samgakchu shaped structures.