According to ECE R94 and GB 11551-2003, the full front impact simulation against rigid barrier of double-decker coach at the speed of 50km/h is carried out using LS-DYNA, so as to study the deformation characteristics and crash safety in front impact accidents. Based on the comparison of deformation, energy-absorbed, and injure indicators of test dummies before and after structure improved, we offered improvement program by strengthen its front wall and adding compression buffer device, which can effectively reduce occupant injury in a frontal collision, and provides basis technology for the passive safety improvement of double-decker coach.


AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of radionuclide blood pool imaging for hepatic hemagioma. METHODS Seventy five patients with hepatic occupied lesion were examined by means of radionuclide blood pool imaging, among them 62 patients with hemagioma. Tc 99m labeled red blood cell was used as imaging tracer. Both early dynamic flow perfusion imaging and delay static blood pool imaging were studied. Computed regional of interesting (ROI) technique was used to get blood flow curve of the lesion. Radioactivity in the area of lesion was compared with normal level. RESULTS Characteristics of hemoagioma are regional radioactivity defect in colloid liver scan and significant radioactive spot in blood pool imaging. Seventeen patients (27%) with hemagioma had early flow perfusion. Sensitivity of nuclide blood pool imaging for diagnosis of hemagioma was 100%, and specificity was 85%. CONCLUSION Radionuclide blood pool imaging is a valuable method for the diagnosis of hemagioma.


African and very frizzy hair is characterised by low manageability and often described by consumers as dry. As a result, hair is washed less frequently, and hairstyling involves techniques and materials aimed at improving fiber alignment. Thermal styling with appliances reaching T>200oC improves hair alignments and manageability but has been shown to cause changes to the chemical composition of proteins in the cortex, as well as cuticle cracking due to trapped water. Such damage is compounded by mechanical forces during grooming, surfactants and regular exposure to solar radiation. Mitigating or compensating for these effects is achieved by using polymers which cause more efficient heat distribution along the fiber and smooth down the cuticle. However, plant-derived oils are commonly preferred by consumers due to anecdotal and emotive associations. Hence, the capacity of some oils to be absorbed by the cuticle and their effect on reducing hair swelling and maintaining cuticle integrity have been tested too. In this study, the response of African hair [curl type VI, according to Loussouarn et al. (2007)] to protective pre-treatments, in combination with moderate grooming cycles, was tested.


In the United States and Europe, prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer. However, in spite of under-estimation and reporting of cancer burden in Pathology-based cancer registries in the developing countries; prostate cancer is now ranked among the emerging male malignancy. The objective of this work is to study of prostate cancer among histopathology specimens diagnosed at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (U.A.T.H), Gwagwalada over a 5-year period. This is a 5-year retrospective histopathological analysis of prostate cancer diagnosed between January 2005- December 2009 in the Department of Histopathology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja. The materials consisted of tissue blocks, slides and duplicate histopathology reports of patients whose prostatic biopsy specimens had been received and processed in the Histopathology laboratory of the hospital. The method of diagnosis is by reviewing of histopathological glass slides and where the slides were not available, paraffin tissue blocks were retrieved, histologic sections were made by microtome machine, mounted on the glass slides; stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE they were in agreement over the diagnosis. The setting of the study is a tertiary hospital in the Federal capital city of Nigeria, Gwagwalada, Abuja. The tumours were classified based on WHO classification of Prostatic tumours1. Histological grading was done using Gleason grading system. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Teaching Hospital for this study. Sixty-six (66) cases of prostate cancer were studied. The age range was between 40-89 years with a mean of 64.5 years. There were two bimodal age peaks at the seventh and eighth decades in elderly men. The surgical procedures were Trucut biopsies 64 (96.9%) and 2 (3.1%) cases of prostatectomy. The Gleason scores range from 4 to 10. Three (4.5%) patients with prostate cancers were seen before the age of 50 years. There were 9 (13.6%) cases of well differentiated, 37 (56.0%) cases of moderately differentiated and 20 (30.4%) cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. No other histological type was seen. The result was analyzed and presented in the form of pie chart. In this study, there were bimodal age peaks of prostate cancer at the sixth and seventh decades in the elderly men, while moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is the most common presentation.


Real nonsymmetric tridiagonal matrices arise in various applications. When one is asked to find the eigenvalues of such a matrix, the $QR$ algorithm is used, but this destroys tridiagonal form by converting the matrix to Hessenberg form, resulting in increased storage requirements and numerical operations. The $HR$ algorithm, based on the $HR$ factorization of the matrix into a $(\Delta,\Delta_1)$-orthogonal part $H$, where $H^T\Delta H=\Delta_1$, and an upper triangular part $R$, solves this problem. In a result proved by Hongguo Xu, two steps of the $LR$ algorithm are equivalent to one step of the $QR$ algorithm for symmetric matrices. The first object of this paper is to use the $HR$ algorithm to extend Hongguo Xu's result to the nonsymmetric case. Since an $HR$ factorization does not always exist, so we also consider an extension to it called $XHR$ factorization. We then prove a similar result about it.


Early identification and intervention are vital in the management of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Unfortunately, delay in identification and further delay in intervention are the norms in clinical practice. Duration of untreated ASD is a variable that predicts poor outcome.[1] This delay may be due to factors such as a lack of knowledge and awareness among parents, health professionals, and teachers; the stigma of attending a psychiatric service; cultural factors; "everything will be alright as the child grows up" attitude; and lack of facilities accessible to the children in need. Identifying the relative importance of these factors is vital from a public health point of view.


In today of developing the nuclear power,the radioactive waste violations was inevitable andendless.It is necessary to protect the legitimate interests of protection of victims in addition to pursuing its environmental violations.Standing the point of view about the civil law tort of radioactive waste,we can find the standards of the radioactive waste in the identification is objective,the act in conducting the the radioactive waste is standardabe, the tort way is particular,the application of the is competing,and the amount that the radioactive waste violations should affort is limited.These specific nature will provid us professional help in applying the discipline of the "Tort Liability Law".


The effective federal cost-share rate for conservation practices often differs markedly from the nominal rate. The effective cost-share rate affects practice adoption, economic efficiency of the subsidy, and the distribution of water quality costs between public and private sectors. Using a linear programming model, this study estimates the effective federal cost-share rate and thus the distribution of water quality improvement costs for the Rock Creek Rural Clean Water Program watershed in Idaho


SYNOPSIS. Isospora petrochelidon sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) is described from the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, from Douglas County, Colorado. Oocysts were passed primarily between 4 and 9 p.m. Sporogony was completed by 24 hr in 3% aqueous potassium dichromate at 21–28 C. The ellipsoid to ovoid oocysts averaged 25.2 × 22.2 μm. The oocyst wall was smooth, colorless, and single-layered. The 2 polar granules were disc-shaped, each adjoining a sporocyst. The lemon-shaped sporocysts averaged 18.4 × 10.8 μm. There was no membrane enclosing the sporocyst residuum and sporozoites. Two fledgling Isospora-free swallows fed sporulated oocysts began passing them on day 4 and died with massive infections on day 5. Data from these birds indicate that schizogony occurred during nighttime hours, gametogony during the day. Endogeny was found throughout the intestine distal to the gizzard, with schizogony confined to the convoluted glands of the subvillar mucosa and gametogony to the villar epithelium. Sporocysts released from mechanically ruptured oocysts excysted in 2% pancreatin within 5 min. Sporulated oocysts fed to a pigeon squab, duckling and cockerel produced no infections.


its varieties and L. angustifolia, until lately regarded as a variety of L. capitata also. All of these forms were obtained within a few rods, or even feet, of each other, under substantiallv the same conditions of environment. It is not easy to conjecture what forces should cause such mnodificationis, if they originated here, and the varieties have spread elsewhere to become more modified under different coniditions of climate, soil. or other external forces. If they originated elsewhere, and have been broughit together here, the same environment might be expected to lessen their differ. ences, and cause them to approach a common type.


We investigate the potential use of photonic bandgap fibers in non repeatered transmission systems. Our simulations show that significant improvements in system reach should be possible as a result of the reduced nonlinearity providing that the fiber losses can be reduced to the 0.2 to 0.3dB/km regime.


A method for the curl of the sheet (2) is supplied to the apparatus a continuous web of rod forming apparatus, the apparatus comprising: - a winding unit (3), for the winding unit provided with the sheet from above bobbin material (21) unwinding said sheet; - the winding unit (7), said crimping means for crimping the sheet; - a cutting unit (5), said means for cutting the sheet material (2) is cut to a predetermined width of the continuous web, when viewed in the sheet (2) in the conveying direction of the cutting unit (5) arranged upstream of the crimping means (7); and - control means (9), the control unit in response to receiving the sensor signals for the respective units of the device to self-control the respective units.


【Objective】 The study was done to clone and express bioI in Escherichia coli and purify the expression protein.【Method】 The genome DNA was extracted and gene bioI was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the Bacillus subtilis and cloned into the expression vector pET-28a(+),yielding recombinant pET28a-bioI.For overproduction of the bioI,gene bioI was successfully expressed and the protein BioI was purified via the Ni-NAT resin.Moreover,the recombined BioI was scanned by different spectra waves.【Result】 Expression vector was constructed successfully and gene bioI was successfully expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3)after adding Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) for 8 hours.The expression product protein BioI made up 20% of total soluble protein through SDS-PAGE analysis.It showed a characteristic absorption peak in 400 nm by different spectra waves.【Conclusion】 The gene bioI was successfully expressed in E.coli and it had the character of P450 protein.These laid a foundation for the research of the protein character and antibody preparation.


In this paper, by using Maximum-minimum monotonic theorem and estimating the weight coefficient, a refinement of Hardy- Hilbert inequality is established.


FIELD: weapons and ammunition. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to small arms, specifically to high capacity magazines with multiple springs. Magazine comprises outer and inner pushers to support of four rows of cartridges. Inner pusher can be partially or completely inserted into an external pusher. External pusher supports three rows of cartridges, and internal - one row. During movement of internal pusher from external, inner pusher supports two rows of cartridges. Magazine comprises casing, adapted for combining four rows of cartridges in two rows of cartridges. In said casing there are springs, adapted for enclosure of one another for facilitating movement of cartridge inside box magazine for small arms. Casing has separation wall, designed for separation of cartridges into two groups of cartridges. EFFECT: increasing capacity of common box magazine without increasing its length, as well as enabling replacement of magazine. 31 cl, 71 dwg


Management of low skeletal muscle mass (LSM) is a very important topic as LSM affects patient mortality in liver diseases. Changes in body composition are unexplored in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients, including those with liver cirrhosis, who receive direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Body composition measurements and liver function tests were carried out before and after DAA therapy.


in the use of antivirus,anti-virus software,most users have joined the " cloud security" experience,but to the "cloud security" don't know much.According to the " cloud security " issues,I read a lot of materials,and has conducted the thorough research and the exploration.The " cloud security" concept,core technology,the user pays close attention to the protection of personal privacy,has carried on the simple elaboration.


This article reveals that John Milton employed an allusion to the aurora borealis in book 6 (79–83) of Paradise Lost , unrecognized in more than three centuries of scholarly analysis. Two other likely allusions, and one certain, to the aurora have also been identified. This research casts doubt on the long-held belief, made popular by the astronomer Edmund Halley (1656–1742), that no notable aurora was visible in England in the seventeenth century. After examining an overlooked note by the English historian William Camden (1551–1623), this article explores the possibility that Milton actually saw an aurora. A solution is also presented here to the long-standing conundrum of the comet near the "Arctic" constellation Ophiuchus in book 2 (707–11) of Paradise Lost .

Cet article revele que John Milton fait allusion a une aurore boreale au sixieme livre (79–83) de Paradise Lost, allusion qui est restee ignoree pendant plus de trois siecles de lectures savantes. Une autre allusion a une aurore boreale, ainsi que deux autres, probables, ont ete identifiees. Cette recherche remet en question l'opinion tenue de longue date, et circulee par l'astronome Edmund Halley (1656–1742), qu'aucune veritable aurore boreale ne put etre observee en Angleterre au dix-septieme siecle. Grâce a l'analyse d'une note, longtemps negligee, de l'historien anglais William Camden (1551–1623), cet article explore la possibilite que Milton ait pu reellement observer une aurore boreale, ce qui pourrait alors resoudre l'enigme de la mention, au deuxieme livre du Paradise Lost (707–711), d'une comete pres de la constellation « arctique » Ophiuchus.


We introduce the basic and less known methodology of Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) for differential equations. We then formulate the method to obtain analytic solutions in a rapidly convergent series to some class of higher order differential equations.The concept  of  ADM  is further  applied to various Bernoulli Differential Equations (BDEs) and  the  results show excellent potentials of applying this method.


Asia's urban population is estimated to double between 2000 and 2030. India is the dominant force in South Asia, and the vastly diverse country is by no means isolated from the growing urban movement. Urban environments have statistically shown as being epicenters for economic growth, resource development, and occupational opportunities. Urbanization has been the fundamental factor of economic growth within the industrial age. Yet, to many public officials, urbanization is seen as a hindrance to growth. Potential negative implications of urbanization include an increase in the propensity of crime, poverty and insecurity. These negative implications need to be managed in order to lift India's developing status. The cost-benefit ratio for India is clear, and planning, housing, infrastructure and the spreading of social services are paramount issues on the docket of urbanization. I. Introduction Urbanization is a process influenced by a myriad of social, political, and economic forces that cumulatively have the potential to profoundly affect nations and peoples. Asia's urban population is estimated to double between 2000 and 2030, and Asia is a geographic hub of a group of developing countries whose economies are contingent on urban development. The first half of the twentieth century is a defining era for these nations, and 2008 marked the first time in human history that more people were living in cities than in rural areas. These two statistics point to a forceful movement that is more or less in the hands of young people, as subsequent generations are not going to be defined by rural environments. India is a dominant force in South Asia, and the vastly diverse and populated country is by no means isolated from the growing urban movement. While the majority of India's population does not yet live in cities, those that live in cities and towns are cited by the World Bank as earning the majority of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) and providing 90 percent of


The East China Sea shelf basin, which is a fault subsidence during the Cenozoic Era, locates in the East China Sea continental shelf. In this paper, balanced section technique has been applied to analyzing the differential evolution in the East China Sea shelf basin south of Cenozoic tectonic and summarizing the control factors of tectonic activities on the petroleum accumulation. Our study results will provide essential data and basis for the distribution of the Cenozoic oil and gas and promote the development of the petroleum exploration in the East China Sea shelf basin.


A series of silica supported Pd (Pd/SiO2) catalysts were prepared in various HCl concentrations (CHCl) of the impregnation solution with different electrostatic interactions between Pd precursor and support, and their catalytic properties were evaluated by the selective hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The results show that with the CHCl increasing from 0.1 to 5 M, the particle size of Pd nanoparticles dramatically decreases from 24.2 to 5.1 nm and stabilizes at ∼5 nm when CHCl is higher than 2 M. Using the catalysts prepared with a high CHCl (>2 M), an excellent hydrogenation degree (HD) of ∼94% with 100% selectivity to C=C can be acquired under mild conditions. Interestingly, the HD could be remarkably increased from 65 to 92% by increasing only CCl– from 0.1 to 2 M with the addition of NaCl while keeping CH+ at 0.1 M. This is because PdCl42– is the predominant existing form of precursor at high CCl–, which has a strong electrostatic attraction with the positively charged support favorable for the formation of small-sized Pd nanoparticles over silica. Notably, Pd leaching behavior during the hydrogenation reaction is closely related to CH+, and the higher the CH+, the less Pd residues are detected in the hydrogenated NBR. Our contribution is to provide a facile strategy to synthesize effective and stable Pd/SiO2 catalysts via adjusting the electrostatic interaction, which exhibits a high activity and selectivity for NBR hydrogenation.


142 patients who were operated on Department of Neurosurgery during a 21 month period without remov'ai of hair were examined prospeetively with regard to the effects ofhair on wound sites. Craniotomy was carried out on 124patients and shunt


Abstract This paper proposes a continuous recognition algorithm for online interactive English speech segment based on artificial bee colony algorithm. Firstly, the speech signal is pre-weighted, divided into frames, added window and made endpoint detection, etc. The strong MFCC feature parameters are selected. The artificial bee colony algorithm is used to realize the continuous recognition of the speech segment. The results show that the algorithm is a good method for parameter optimization. It can not only overcome the local optimal solution, but also improve the recognition rate.


The measurement principle of kinetics parameter and reactivity for coal gasification process has been introduced. Utilizing principle of momentum transport, energy transport, quality transport and reaction engineering, the mathematical model for coal pressure gasification on fixed bed has been established. Through modeling calculation the distribution of temperature in gasifier along altitude has been obtained. The optimization of operation parameters for coal pressrue gasification on fixed bed has been discussed.


In the present, oxygen supplying using nasal cannula is the first aide for a patient who has the problems in respiratory system by example in a newborn baby in which the incompetence of respiratory system on early days of birth is concerned. An indicator of this kind of symptom is physiological Jaundice, yellowish discoloration of the skin. Direct oxygen intake is a usual caretaking for this group of patients. Basically manual valve control of feeding oxygen by caretaker is a treatment by using pulse oximetry value as monitoring of effectiveness. This treatment is either time or labor consuming in a corona care unit. The purpose of this research is to develop an automatic control for oxygen intake. By studying the mechanism of arterial oxygen saturation in blood (SaO 2) under the partial pressure of feeding oxygen (PiO 2), the effective model can be applied as control value of oxygen for this group of patient.


Massive "bursts" in condensation nuclei (CN) concentration were recorded at a remote site on the west Irish coast during campaigns in summer 1996 and spring/summer 1997. Number concentrations of 3–7 nm diameter CN were observed to rise daily from 102–103 up to ∼105 /cm3 for 1–3 hours. Data were collected as part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Studies in the Oceanic Environment program. In a previous paper the burst phenomenon was linked to the movement of the tide, and it was suggested that enhanced biogenic emissions occurred near low tide with concomitant rapid homogeneous gas phase CN formation. In this paper possible chemical mechanisms for the burst phenomenon are investigated. Two approaches are adopted. First, by assuming a 20:80 sulfate:water molar composition and calculating the number distribution using data from condensation particle counters, the total mass of CN formed during a burst is evaluated. This is compared with that mass of sulfate produced by OH-initiated dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation. The procedure is termed "mass balance." Second, a variety of chemical species are coplotted with tidal height. DMS oxidation is not believed to play a major role in CN formation at this site because (1) the mass balance calculations imply ambient DMS concentrations higher than those observed, and (2) gas phase HCl, HNO3, SO2, and NH3 did not exhibit any discernible correlation with tidal height. Further, none of the suite of observed nonmethane hydrocarbons or DMS showed a tidal relation. No mechanism has to date been convincingly identified for the burst phenomenon.


The identity of one Compositae name from Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis, Chrysocoma adpressa, is revised with taxonomic notes, leading to one new combination, Lucilia adpressa, and a new synonym, L. lycopodioides under L. adpressa. We provided typifications for all not yet typified names involved, with the designation of five lectotypes and one epitype. Additionally, we included a nomenclatural and taxonomic discussion, illustrations and a distribution map for the studied species.


Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is the maintenance of the proteome through cellular pathways that are involved in protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. Loss of proteostasis is considered one of the hallmarks of aging, and is a driver for age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. In order to conserve healthy brain function throughout the lifespan, proteostasis must be maintained. We previously reported that dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR), a life‐/healthspan extending treatment, activates mechanisms that maintain proteostasis in the liver. However, it is unknown if SAAR activates mechanisms promoting proteostatic maintenance in the brain. To address this knowledge gap, wild‐type male C57Bl/B6 mice were fed one of four diets: Regular fat control, regular fat SAAR, high fat control, and high fat SAAR. Mice consumed deuterium enriched water, which was used to measure long term rates of newly synthesized proteins and DNA. Brains were collected at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 35 of treatment. Mitochondrial, cytosolic, and mixed fractions of pulverized frontal cortex were analyzed for rates of protein synthesis and cell proliferation using GC/MS. Data collection is ongoing, however based on preliminary and previous studies analyzing liver and brain, we anticipate that under SAAR, protein synthesis rates will be maintained in select tissue fractions despite slower rates of cell proliferation compared to mice without SAAR.


The risk of trademark infringement poses a tremendous threat to a company's business and reputation. As merchandise sales on the Internet have skyrocketed, so have online sales of counterfeit goods.' United States "businesses and industries lose about $200 billion a year in revenue and 750,000 jobs due to the counterfeiting of merchandise,"2 and worldwide, counterfeiting accounts for more than half a trillion dollars in global trade each year.3 Counterfeiters can easily distribute forgeries globally through online auction websites such as eBay.com, 4 where warranties of authenticity and quality are basically nonexistent. Meanwhile, the cost for an individual trademark holder to police the Internet for infringement is enormous. As a result, trademark owners across the globe have brought lawsuits against eBay for trademark infringement on the eBay website.5 First, European companies including Montres Rolex SA, L'Oreal, Chris-


The attitude to the reading is one of the most important issues that particularly worries the general public. The lack of a reading interest is the main problem of the younger generation. This fact underlines the importance of making reading a key element in the overall development of a personality of a child at every stage of his/her life. No one and nothing but a teacher can have such a profound and systematic impact on students' intellectual and moral interests. To raise a passionate reader is possible only if you explain to him/her the technique of complex analysis because this particular activity method makes the schoolchild a co-author. However the reading interest in our country is rapidly diminishing since there are some philological and pedagogical problems: the lack of modern innovative models of professional teacher training; the philologist considers the textbook as a subject not as a learning tool; the number of pieces of fiction for study in the 5 – 8 grades exceeds manifold the capacity of the person's perception of fiction; the amount of educational material must be defined by the number of hours for the study of literature and by the number of pages of text that the pupil is able to read. These criteria of educational material selection in the course of "Literature" are underestimated. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which inspects an operation of a program before the program is installed into a device or a computer as a target of the program. SOLUTION: The program inspection device is equipped with: a means which analyzes a first program and extracts a transition operation as an operation accompanying state change of a second program which operates on a computer running the first program; a means which reads one or more policy conditions as a regulation which must be kept while operation of the computer running the first program; and a means which analyzes the operation of the first program on the basis of the transition operation and the policy conditions. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether a financial incentive integrated with health benefits for an online physical activity program was associated with increased employee participation and improved health status among participants compared with nonparticipants. Methods: Participation in the Virtual Fitness Center (VFC), an online physical activity program associated with a $150 cash rebate, was assessed. Risk status for 2004 VFC participants and nonparticipants was compared using a health risk appraisal. Results: A total of 53.8% of total eligible employees were VFC participants and reduced their risk for physical inactivity (8.4% points), life dissatisfaction (2.1), low perception of health (1.9), high risk status (1.3), smoking (0.4), and high body weight (0.2). Conclusions: Providing a cash incentive is one strategy for encouraging VFC participation and eliciting improved health status in an employer-sponsored, web-based physical activity program.


E-commerce web sites often fluctuate and even periodic fluctuate under the impact of competitors and self development strategy.For the better making reasonable and efficient decisions,it is vital for the website operators to grasp this kind of variation law.In this paper,a competitive model based on the Matthew effect has been developed for reflecting the time lag effect during the growth period of sites.The explicit formulas determining the stability and periodic fluctuation of the development of commercial sites are obtained by using the center manifold theory and normal form method.Finally,the validity and feasibility of results found are demonstrated by the numerical simulation.This research supplies some references and basis for website operators to recognize self growth law and enact relative developing strategy.


Foreword: What This Book is About 1. Making Sense of Stratification 2. Stratification Theorists 3. Class Stratifications 4. Class Structure in Advanced Societies: Patterns and Variations 5. Social Mobility 6. Class in Geographical Perspective 7. Challenges to Class Analysis 8. Class and Social Power References Index


In the article the history of creation and development of archival institutions in the states of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan. It is concluded that the region of the Great Lakes are inherent in collective bodies (the historical society and the historical commission), which operate in the archival institution. Collegial management of the archival profession is a model for the Midwest and Western United States, since the formation of the character of these regions was influenced by Frontier. However, given that each region, including the North- West Central, has exceptions, as in every state had its own factors that influenced the foundation and development of archival institutions. In Illinois, a key role was played by the outstanding work of the American scientist Margaret Cross Norton, which created the file in the State Library.


The European renewable energy transition is a leading model for responding to the urgent threat of climate change, which it does by empowering citizens. Drawing on Foucault's analysis of German neoliberalism, this article argues that despite some measure of empowerment, the economic constraints structuring the transition ultimately disempower citizens, undermining the attainment of environmental goals. Specifically, the transition gives citizens control of their energy while burdening them with entrepreneurial tasks to do so, substitutes economic activity for political citizenship, and shifts the epistemological terrain they take for granted when determining what environmental crises society faces and how best to respond. Understanding the transition as composed of theories for sustainability governance, policies, and practices of implementation, this article analyzes the "energetic society" governance theory, the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package, and the renewable energy organization REScoop.eu.


The paper explores the rationale of embracing e-Governance models as a mean to improve port policy and decision making towards enhanced port performance and competitiveness. The paper establishes both the significance and the applicability of advanced port e-Governance models, based on e-markets typologies. The devised theoretical framework suggests that within the evolving variation of port structures, e-Governance, public-private interorganisational network models and in particular the e-market paradigm provide a great opportunity towards the 'smart networking' of the plurality of port actors, including public port authorities, terminal service providers, shipping companies, logistics and transportation companies, customs and other third parties.


In this study phase- pure new spinel structure, Mn0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 was prepared by hydrothermal method successfully and the degradation of Malachite green as an organic pollutant was investigated and compared with CuCr2O4. Purification of obtained nanoparticles was measured by using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) in which crystal structure and the structural properties were studied by using X'Pert package and Fullprof program. Also, the morphology of obtained materials was modified by field-effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). These materials were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. UV-vis diffuse reflectance analysis was done for determination of band gape which evaluated 1.37eV.The photocatalytic application of synthesized materials was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green (MG) in the presence of H2O2 that were assessed by UV–vis spectroscopy analysis. The comparison study of photocatalytic result reviled that Mn0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 has higheractivity than CuCr2O4.


Complex adaptive learning is intelligent and crucial in living and non-living complex systems. A complex system comprises many interacting individuals or units, shows hidden patterns as they interact, and widely occurs in almost every discipline, from natural to social sciences. A recent study has demonstrated a so-called architected material capable of learning. It stimulates scientists to explore the mechanism of complex systems formulation. However, it is very challenging. Here the authors attempt to extract a universal rule or a law for interactive coherence at a state of local dynamic equilibrium in complex systems from a trading volume-price probability wave equation and apply it to complex quantum systems as its application. It assumes that particles in complex quantum systems can have a complex adaptive learningor intelligence-like property in a reinforced coordinate, governed by the exact complex adaptive learning mechanism as that of traders in the complexity of the financial markets. With this assumption, the authors propose a theory of interactively coherent entanglement for intelligence-like particles, attempting to have an innovative interpretation of entanglement in quantum mechanics. It concludes that quantum entanglement is not a state of the superposition of coherent states as the mainstream Copenhagen school of thought claims. It is a state of interactively coherent


It is shown that the graded ring R[xl, x2,* of homogeneous power series is a graded UFD if R is a regular UFD, the degrees of the xi are positive and tend to oo, and t has degree -1. In particular this applies to MU*(CPI) and BP*(CPI).


In this paper presented Design and implementation of CNTFET based Ternary 1x1 RAM memories high-performance digital circuits. CNTFET Ternary 1x1 SRAM memories is implement using 32nm technology process. The CNTFET decresase the diameter and performance matrics like delay,power and power delay, The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM cell consists of two cross coupled Ternary inverters one is READ and another WRITE operations of the Ternary 6T SRAM cell are performed with the Tritline using HSPICE and Tanner tools in this tool is performed high accuracy. The novel based work can be used for Low Power Application and Access time is less of compared to the conventional CMOS Technology. The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM array module (1X1) in 32nm technology consumes only 0.412mW power and data access time is about 5.23ns.


The ability of the forest ecosystem management model FORECAST to project a 29-year record of stand response to factorial thinning and fertilization treatments in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation at Shawnigan Lake (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada) was assessed. Model performance was evaluated firstly using for calibration a regional data set and secondly with site-specific data from control plots. Model output was compared against field measurements of height, diameter, stem density, component biomass (aboveground), and litterfall rates and estimates of nutrient uptake, foliar N efficiency, and understory vegetation biomass. When calibrated with regional data, results from graphical comparisons, three measures of goodness-of-fit, and equivalence testing demonstrated that FORECAST can produce predictions of good to moderate accuracy depending on the variable of interest. Model performance was generally better when compared with field measurements (e.g., top height, ...


SHAPES 2013 : Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Workshop The Shape of Things, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April 3-4, 2013


A dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degree of Masters of Nursing (Midwifery and Women's Health) Makerere university


Recombinant Escherichia coli BLR(DE3) harboring the hemA gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus under the control of a constitutive promoter, which we constructed previously, was used for the extracellular production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The effects of several factors on ALA production were investigated in flask culture. ALA production by the recombinant E. coli was more efficient at than . The glycine concentration had an important effect on cell growth. Glycine and succinic acid concentration of 5-10 and 10-20 g/L, respectively, resulted in high ALA production. In addition, the partial replacement of succinic acid by sodium glutamate increased the ALA production. The ALA production was inhibited by the presence of glucose in the medium. Using the optimal conditions, an ALA concentration of 8.2 g/L was achieved in jar fermentation without an added inducer or ALA dehydratase inhibitor; this is the highest reported concentration.


Abstract. The effect of a gradual reduction of the fiber diameter on the acousto-optic (AO) interaction is reported. The experimental and theoretical study of the intermodal coupling induced by a flexural acoustic wave in a biconical tapered fiber shows that it is possible to shape the transmission spectrum, for example, substantially broadening the bandwidth of the resonant couplings. The geometry of the taper transitions can be regarded as an extra degree of freedom to design the AO devices. Optical bandwidths above 45 nm are reported in a tapered fiber with a gradual reduction of the fiber down to 70  μm diameter. The effect of including long taper transition is also reported in a double-tapered structure. A flat attenuation response is reported with 3-dB stopband bandwidth of 34 nm.


Regional literature is a form of cultural product created by a group of people in an area to create a distinctive character. Regional literature plays a significant role in building student character, especially in today's digital era, because the rapid development of technology can affect culture and the existence of regional literature that has developed in previous societies. This research aims to know the role of regional literature in building character in students in the digital era. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The analysis was obtained from a survey of several students from different regions and also using literature studies with sources from journals published in 2019–2021 related to this research. According to the results, the existence of regional literature in the current digital era is important in building the national character of a student because, if the existence of regional literature fades, the student's character as an Indonesian student will also disappear. The solution that can be offered is to preserve the learning of regional literature so that it can shape the mindsets of Indonesian students. This is because regional literature is a means of forming the quality of students with character in the era of digitalization. This research is limited to regional literary forms in general.


A new methodology, based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), for the analysis of uncertainties in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing data is presented. The principal idea is to assess the sources of uncertainty, developing computational approaches to propagate uncertainties through the whole SAR signal processing chain. The final goal is to construct uncertainties budgets to quantify the total uncertainty of SAR products, permitting their 'trace-ability' to international reference standards.


NGC 602 is an outstanding young open cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We have analyzed the new HI data taken with the Galactic Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder survey project at an angular resolution of 30". The results show that there are three velocity components in the NGC 602 region. We found that two of them having ~20 km s$^{-1}$ velocity separation show complementary spatial distribution with a displacement of 147 pc. We present a scenario that the two clouds collided with each other and triggered the formation of NGC 602 and eleven O stars. The average time scale of the collision is estimated to be ~8 Myr, while the collision may have continued over a few Myr. The red shifted HI cloud extending ~500 pc flows possibly to the Magellanic Bridge, which was driven by the close encounter with the Large Magellanic Cloud 200 Myr ago (Fujimoto & Noguchi 1990; Muller & Bekki 2007). Along with the RMC136 and LHA 120-N 44 regions the present results lend support for that the galaxy interaction played a role in forming high-mass stars and clusters.


patients with a flare over the median period of follow-up (27 months), 7% per year. All the patients who had a flare were female (100%) reflecting the cohort generally [48/50 (96%) of those without were also female]. They were slightly younger with a median age of 50.0 yr (range 39–58 yr) compared with 58.5 yr (range 30–84 yr) in those without a flare (P ¼ 0.018). Although the median disease duration (at 31 December 2001) in those with and without a flare was similar [4.0 yr (range 1–15 yr) and 4.5 yr (range 0–31 yr)], the median period of follow-up within the clinic was longer for the flare group [38 months (range 11–58 months) compared with 25 months (range 1–60 months); P ¼ 0.017] (i.e. the detection of flares may be dependent on the duration of follow-up). There was no difference in the frequencies of anti-Ro/La antibody (89% compared with 72%) or rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity (78% compared with 72%), whereas the flare group were slightly more likely to be antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive [8/9 (89%)] compared with those without [26/50 (52%); P ¼ 0.039]. The proportion of patients in this cohort with fibromyalgia was under 5% [4]. Table 1 summarizes the clinical features of the flares. These were predominantly musculoskeletal and consisted of: increased In addition , two patients reported worsening Raynaud's phenomenon [2/12 (17%)] and one worsening livedo reticularis [1/12 (8%)]. In two patients with known osteoarthritis, the features of the flare could not obviously be accounted for by this nor by an exacerbation of fibromyalgia. No clear pattern of changes were observed for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunglo-bulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM levels, or complement C3 or C4 levels in accord with previous studies [5]. Data on anti-Ro and anti-La antibody titres were available in five patients and, similarly, no clear pattern was seen. Eight flares settled following intramuscular depomedrone injections. In six patients, hydroxychloroquine therapy was initiated and one patient was started on oral prednisolone. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were prescribed for two patients. All flares settled within 9 months. The overall frequency of flares in our cohort at 3–7% per year is much less than that in SLE (62% per year [2]) and the frequency of flares involving the general or musculoskeletal systems also appears substantially lower than in SLE [2]. We did not attempt to assess the severity of …


Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the associated factors of intention to consume healthier food among customers in 5 provinces, applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Methods: A cross-sectional study with face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaire among 1493 customers who were shopping at supermarkets and retail stores was conducted. Results: Three factors were positively associated with "intention to consume healthier food in the coming time", including "attitude toward consuming healthier foods" (b = 0.37), "subjective norm about consuming healthier food" (b = 0.31), and "perceived behaviour control of consuming healthier food" (b = 0.16). Attitudes toward consuming healthier foods were slightly more important than the subjective norm. Three factors explained 45,4% of the variance in behavioural intention. Conclusion: The study findings support the theory of TBP' predictions. Future efforts to comprehensively develop and implement interventions guided by the TPB hold promise for encouraging the intention to consume healthier foods.


The developed embroidery thread is a multilayer structure and inelastic in nature. The elastane filament which is highly elastic is used as core, which is covered by two layers of staple fibers as a sheath. The inner layer of sheath is made by water soluble PVA fiber and the outer layer is having fiber like polyester/viscose. The ultimate three layer structure thus produced is inelastic in nature to facilitate effective embroidery on stretchable fabrics. Subsequently when embroidered fabric/garment is treated in hot water, the water soluble inner layer of sheath of embroidery thread is dissolved. This result in regeneration of stretch-ability in embroidery thread due to void created between highly stretchable core filament and outer sheath. This embroidery thread has such a stretch-ability that the applied embroidery thread can follow the elastic movement of the stretchable fabric/garment.


i t is more likely that a child will be disabled from some form of injury than for any other reason (Baker, O'Neill, & Karpf, 1984). In addition, for children and adolescents, the number of deaths attributed to injury exceeds the number of deaths from any other disease category (Rivara & Mueller, 1986). Specific to head injury, 43% of all deaths in children aged 5 to 9 years has been shown to result from cerebral trauma (Klauber, Marshall, & Toole, 1985). Incidence studies suggest that over 1 million children in the United States sustain some form of head injury and that over 150,000 of these children require hospitalization (Eiben et al., 1984). These statistics provide some indication of the enormity of the problem of acquired head injury. However, to best appreciate the magnitude of this problem, a more thorough and complete epidemiologic overview is needed. In the continuation of this special series on acquired cerebral trauma, the first article in this issue, by Felicia C. Goldstein and Harvey S. Levin, reviews the current status of pediatric closed head injury from the epidemiologic perspective. Goldstein and Levin's review demonstrates that older children and teenagers are more likely to sustain significant head injury than any other age category. In this age group there is a disproportionate number of males injured, sometimes nearly double that seen with female individuals. They also note that younger children tend to sustain head injury as a result of falls whereas older children are more likely to sustain brain injury secondary to a motor vehicle accident. A variety of associated risk factors are reviewed also. When brain injury occurs, depending on the severity, a variety of fairly standardized and regimented medical


BACKGROUND: Aggression and threats of violence are acknowledged elements of psychiatric settings. One of the most upsetting clinical experiences for nursing students is the psychiatric-mental health practicum in which students are expected to communicate therapeutically with hospitalized, delusional patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe the experiences of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students as they communicate for the first time with delusional, hospitalized patients whom they perceived as frightening and to describe the meaning and essences of their experiences. It was assumed that students would find the delusional patients frightening. STUDY DESIGN: Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenologic approach was used to investigate the student experience. Participants (N = 35) wrote about their experiences during week 12 of a senior year psychiatric-mental health nursing class. RESULTS: Students feared the unpredictable behavior of patients and wished to avoid interaction with them; the students also made the transition from fear of patients to empathy and concern for them. The findings indicated that students were reassured by staff proximity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric nursing faculty should develop role-playing scenarios about caring for delusional patients and establish strong alliances with staff to increase the students' sense of safety.


Bckground: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug used to lower the risk of transplant rejection in individuals after solid organ or hematopoietic transplantation. Cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of tacrolimus therapy are infrequently documented. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not well understood. Here, we report a case of an 18-year-old female with a history of acute myeloid leukemia that developed PRES after undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus.


PURPOSE: A multifunction keyboard is provided to increase the convenience of a user by usefully making use of a space, and by safely securing important data in case that the data are stored in a computer. CONSTITUTION: A telephone set system, a recorder system and a burglar alarm system are mounted in a keyboard. The telephone set system is composed of a speaker system, a redial function, a mute function, a hook on/off function, a flash function, a headset utility function and an input terminal support for recording messages. The recorder system is composed of a flash memory use/record button and a record/play button. The burglar alarm system senses the temperature of human and connects to an inputted telephone. In addition, the burglar alarm system transmits a message and sounds an alarm. The telephone set system, the recorder system and the burglar alarm system are mounted in a keyboard.


Abstract : Following a series of high-profile sexual assault cases involving servicemembers, in 2004 Congress directed the Secretary of Defense to develop a comprehensive policy for the Department of Defense (DoD) on the prevention of, and response to, sexual assaults involving servicemembers. Among other things, the legislation required DoD to establish a standardized department-wide definition of sexual assault and procedures for confidentially reporting sexual assault incidents. DoD established the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) program in 2005 to promote prevention, encourage increased reporting of the crime, and improve response capabilities for victims. You asked us the following: (1) How are cases of acute sexual assault reported, documented, and investigated, when victims are treated at a military treatment facility (MTF)?; (2) What training is provided to health care professionals working in MTFs on the treatment of victims of sexual assault?; (3) How do MTFs provide acute treatment and care to victims of sexual assault, including forensic medical-legal exams and mental health counseling, as well as preventative treatment for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy?; and (4) What types of long-term services, support, and follow-up, including mental health services, do MTFs provide to victims of sexual assault? This briefing includes information on the following topics from our body of work, which correspond with the questions asked in the request letter: DoD's approach for reporting, documenting, and investigating alleged sexual assault incidents; DoD training of servicemembers related to sexual assault; DoD care and treatment provided to victims of sexual assault, including mental health counseling and medical care.


The invention discloses a method for preparing a silk fibroin-alginate composite film, and belongs to the fields of composite materials and biotechnology. According to the method, brown algae extracted marine biomass sodium alginate serving as a substrate is mixed with waste silkworm cocoon extracted high-molecular-weight silk fibroin-alginate to prepare the dual-component composite film through tape casting by adopting supramolecular self-assembly and ionic crosslinking processes. The silk fibroin-alginate composite film has more intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions, the comprehensive mechanical performance of the film can be improved, the moistening, water absorption and moisture absorption performance of the composite film can be remarkably improved due to the special interpenetrating mesh structure, and possibility is provided to loading of other sustained-release substances. The composite film is prepared from natural and green raw materials, and integrates excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability and other properties of silk fibroin and sodium alginate, and can be applied to the industry of beautifying and skin-protecting masks. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, realizes solution recycling, is environmentally friendly, and has an excellent application prospect.


This paper presents a kind of cross-hole seismic tomography technique different from the traditional ones.That method traces the ray path and calculate the first arrival between each source and every receiver on the fine grid to improve the computing precision,and then,applies the inversion algorithms on the coarse grid in order to guarantee every image element having enough rays passed through to improve imaging effect.The model tests show that this double grid cross-hole seismic tomography strategy is necessary and efficient,and the image results demonstrate that the method is superior to the conventional ones.


The remote sensing satellite sensor can not only record the visual appearance of the earth's surface characteristics but also can capture phenomena that cannot be seen by a human, such as the earth's surface temperature. Bandung is located at a basin-shaped area and has a variety of land cover, natural and man-made. The diversity of land cover is indicated to have an effect on the characteristics of the land surface temperature recorded by satellite sensing sensor. This assumption then examined by considering the land cover type and the value of land surface temperature as its parameters. This research aims to: 1) Estimating the land surface temperature with digital image processing, 2) Visual interpreting of land cover type based on land surface temperature similarity, and 3) Analyze the level of land surface temperature with a variation of land cover type in the south-western part of Bandung Basin. The visual interpretation method was used to obtain a land cover type with high-resolution image. Whereas the transformation of the Landsat 8 thermal band index is used to acquire the land surface temperature. An analysis was carried out to observe the results of land surface temperature estimation and land cover based on land surface temperature resemblance. Then it is expected to be a consideration in terms of determining policies regarding conversion of land cover from natural to artificial forms indicated as a contributing factor to rising land surface temperatures.


wice — Wełnowiec and Ruda Śląska — Wirek) in Upper Silesian Industrial Region (Southern Poland). The results included historical analysis of this subject in the time period from XVIII to XXI century. Parallel the ecological value of mentioned town–biotops dependent on 10 ecological parameters in 4–step scale was performed. Those analyses are helpful in planning the sustainable development of those sites.


Title of work: Attachment security as a predictor of blood glucose control in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, when the roles of additional psychological factors are considered. I confirm that all this work is my own except where indicated, and that I have: • Read and understood the Plagiarism Rules and Regulations in the Programme Handbook … • Composed and undertaken the work myself … • Clearly referenced/listed all sources as appropriate … • Referenced and put in inverted commas any quoted text of more than three words (from books, web, etc) … • Given the sources of all pictures, data etc. that are not my own … • Not made undue use of essay(s) of any other student(s) either past or present (or where used, this has been referenced appropriately) … • Not sought or used the help of any external professional agencies for the work (or where used, this has been referenced appropriately) … • Not submitted the work for any other degree or professional qualification except as specified … • Acknowledged in appropriate places any help that I have received from others (e.g. fellow students, technicians, statisticians, external sources) … • Complied with other plagiarism criteria specified in the Programme Handbook … • I understand that any false claim for this work will be penalised in accordance with the University regulations … Signature …………………………………………… Date ………………………… ii Acknowledgements Thank you to friends, family and colleagues for all of your support and encouragement over the two years taken to undertake this research. Thanks to Matthias, Emily and Ion for your academic pearls of wisdom and clinical knowledge, which helped to steer my research in the right direction. Special thanks to Mum, for your patient proof reading, and to Dad for sharing your good humoured take on matters of confusion (!). Thank you to Sam for reminding me that life exists outside of thesis and for your continued support. iii Abstract Introduction: Key studies have found an association between attachment style and poor diabetes outcomes in the adult diabetic populations. Specifically insecure attachment has been found to predict elevated glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Further studies have indicated that substance use and mental health difficulties also influence HbA1c. These factors have been looked at individually making it difficult to directly assess the overall effect of attachment on HbA1c and the potential mediating effects of substance use and mental health. The …


One of the challenges in maintaining legacy systems is to be able to locate business logic in the code, and isolate it for different purposes, including implementing requested changes, refactoring, eliminating duplication, unit testing, and extracting business logic into a rule engine. Our new idea is an iterative method to identify the business logic in the code and visualize this information to gain better understanding of the logic distribution in the code, as well as developing a domain-specific business vocabulary. This new method combines and extends several existing technologies, including search, aggregation, and visualization. We evaluated the visualization method on a large-scale application and found that it yields useful results, provided an appropriate vocabulary is available.


Recently many works have been invested to overcome the low performance of TCP in wireless environments. These proposals are hardly adaptable in real networks due to high resource demand, non scalability and difficulties in their implementation. In this paper we propose a new technique that besides of allowing TCP to improve its performance also takes applicability into account. Our solution is based on the idea of explicit loss notification (ELN) to notify the sender about packet losses on the wireless channel. We evaluate the performance of TCP-ELN with different kind of traffic and error models. Simulation results show that ELN significantly improves the efficiency and fairness performance of TCP for FTP-like and Web-like traffic.


Recent studies by Gershengorn and Garland suggest that approximately one-third of ICU patients (~2,000,000) in the United States, perhaps more in Canada, have an arterial catheter (AC) during their ICU stay, with replacements and reinsertions increasing the total number. The rationale is based on wellintended goals to facilitate diagnostic phlebotomy, augment hemodynamic monitoring, and monitor arterial blood gases. However, given this usage pattern, it would be reasonable to consider whether or not AC placement reduces mortality.


The study examines the impact of religious affiliation on residents' attitudes toward tourism development and economic growth that were anticipated in the city of Nazareth prior to the year 2000 celebrations. The attitudes of Christian and Muslim Arab residents of Nazareth and the Galilee area were investigated regarding the economic role of tourism in Nazareth, the celebrations planned for the year 2000, and the existing problems that might affect these celebrations. The findings suggest that identification with the heritage promoted for tourism should be considered as a determinant of residents' attitudes toward heritage tourism development.


Abstract The Inyanga Mountains of Rhodesia have a wide range of vegetation. An area in the centre of the mountain range has been mapped from air photographs. A new terminology for such a vegetation study is suggested. The origins of the vegetation pattern, in particular of the grassland areas are discussed and it appears that both climatic and human factors have affected its origin.


A grid point in a level set contains the distance to the closest point on the surface of all objects. A naive approach to computing this distance is to compare each grid point with every polygonal surface. Additionally, inside/outside checks are required to determine the sign of the distance. [Breen et al. 2001] developed a scanconversion technique that relied on a Voronoi space partition based on the features of the polygonal objects. We developed a scheme that uses a simple bounding box and space partitioning cone. Computation of values within a narrow band around the surface consists of two steps: pre-processing of geometric information and distance splatting. Further, we provide the option to produce completely populated signed distance fields using a high order Fast Marching Method [Sethian 1996]. Our approach is to minimize the number of triangles that are compared with each grid point by building bounding geometries for each triangle in a pre-processing step. Because this is a local approach, it is sensitive to errors in the geometry. Self-intersecting objects and incorrect normals will cause artifacts. However holes can be filled using Volumetric Diffusion [Davis et al. 2002].


Lipid lowering treatment is of benefit in the prevention of coronary heart diseases (CHD) and other vascular events. So far many studies have been carried out to prove the safety, efficacy and beneficial effects of lipid-lowering treatment in various countries. These studies can be categorized into two groups: (1) studies done to prove the effectiveness of lipid lowering treatment in the primary prevention of coronary heart diseases e.g. WOSCOPS or West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (1995) and AFCAPS/ TEXCAPS or Airforce/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (1995) : (2) studies done to prove the effectiveness of these drugs in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease e.g. CARE or Cholesterol And Recurrent Events trial (1996) and LIPID or the Long-term Intervention With Pravastatin in Ischaemic Heart Disease (1998).


Deep neural networks (DNN) are a powerful tool for many large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks. Training a very deep network is a challenging problem and pre-training techniques are needed in order to achieve the best results. In this paper, we propose a new type of network architecture, Linear Augmented Deep Neural Network (LA-DNN). This type of network augments each non-linear layer with a linear connection from layer input to layer output. The resulting LA-DNN model eliminates the need for pre-training, addresses the gradient vanishing problem for deep networks, has higher capacity in modeling linear transformations, trains significantly faster than normal DNN, and produces better acoustic models. The proposed model has been evaluated on TIMIT phoneme recognition and AMI speech recognition tasks. Experimental results show that the LA-DNN models can have 70% fewer parameters than a DNN, while still improving accuracy. On the TIMIT phoneme recognition task, the smaller LA-DNN model improves TIMIT phone accuracy by 2% absolute, and AMI word accuracy by 1.7% absolute.


Response to APSR From the outside looking in, it is hard to specify what is wrong with an institution. Those of us trying to reform APSR know from the results that something is wrong. The journal is not representative of the many types of research that political scientists perform. No one, not even the editor, has questioned that. But exactly why the journal is so unbalanced, and what might be done to correct it, are vexing issues for those of us who have never participated in its management.


Document format translator can achieve information sharing and interoperability between the office document national standard UOF(Uniform office format) and the international standard ISO29500(Open office XML, OOXML). There are several difficult issues in the manual test of document format translator: the manual test case design is complicated due to the complexity of document standard; test case coverage rate is hard to evaluate and test blind spots are hard to avoid. This paper brings about methods to solve these problems by achieving automated test case generation. Analyzing the XML Schema of document standard in logical level, building UML object model in conceptual level, designing objectoriented algorithm based on the.Net platform, operate the underlying XML code of spreadsheet in physical level,and then compress underlying XML code to generate new spreadsheet documents as test case. A formal definition about the UOF document standard is presented and statistics of functional test point is conducted so as to measure test case coverage rate. Experiments have shown that this method can realize the automated generation of test cases,improve the efficiency of test work, decrease test case redundancy and avoid test blind spots.


Support vector regression (SVR), as one of the most popular metamodels, has been widely used to replace expensive and time-consuming simulation models in complex engineering design process. In this essay, a global support vector regression metamodeling approach based on the sorted K-fold method (SKM-SVR) is proposed, which combines the K-fold cross-validation technique with SVR. Firstly, all sample points are sorted and divided into K groups according to their absolute prediction errors from traditional SVR metamodel. Secondly, K number of SVR metamodels are constructed based on cross-validation technique. The weighting factor of each SVR metamodel depends on their prediction accuracy. Finally, K number of SVR metamodels are integrated to form the SKM-SVR metamodel. The effectiveness of SKM-SVR method is demonstrated by a mathematical example and a pressure vessel design problem. Results indicate that SKM-SVR approach has better prediction ability than that of SVR.


The expansion of Sea-Buckthorn in dunes reduces species richness as well as the cover of mosses and lichens. The decrease in species richness is likely to be due to the shading effect of the scrub. As many regionally rare plants are restricted to dune areas, the spreading of this densely growing scrub might be a serious threat to the phytodiversity of open semi-fixed dunes.


In this paper, the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to investigate hydrophobicity and binding strength (KD) for 10 different drugs interacting with human serum albumin (HSA). Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was used to determine the relationship between drug hydrophobicity (ClogP) and HSA binding strength log(1/KD). The results are compared to prior knowledge on bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding. We demonstrate a positive correlation between drug hydrophobicity and the strength of ligand-protein binding to HSA and show a statistically significant similarity with the trend reported in BSA. The findings presented in this work provide insight into the role that bound water plays in ligand-protein interactions. Further, the comparison between HSA and BSA provides quantitative justification for the use of these proteins interchangeably in the analysis of drug-based binding kinetics.


The invention relates to a transistor that advantageously uses a portion of the surface, which is provided in conventional transistors for insulating the transistors. This enables the enlargement of the channel width to self-adjust without the risk of short-circuits. The inventive field effect transistor is advantageous in that a distinct increase in the channel width that is active for the forward current ION can, compared to conventional transistor structures used up to now, be guaranteed without having to accept a decrease in the attainable integration density. This permits, for example, the forward current ION to increase by 50 % without having to modify the arrangement of the active regions or of the trench insulation.


Both the Russian Federation and the US are pursing mixed uranium-plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel in light water reactors (LWRs) for the disposition of excess plutonium from disassembled nuclear warheads. Fuel performance models are used which describe the behavior of MOX fuel during irradiation under typical power reactor conditions. The objective of this project is to perform the analysis of the thermal, mechanical, and chemical behavior of weapons MOX fuel pins under LWR conditions. If fuel performance analysis indicates potential questions, it then becomes imperative to assess the fuel pin design and the proposed operating strategies to reduce the probability of clad failure and the associated release of radioactive fission products into the primary coolant system. Applying the updated code to anticipated fuel and reactor designs, which would be used for weapons MOX fuel in the US, and analyzing the performance of the WWER-100 fuel for Russian weapons plutonium disposition are addressed in this report. The COMETHE code was found to do an excellent job in predicting fuel central temperatures. Also, despite minor predicted differences in thermo-mechanical behavior of MOX and UO{sub 2} fuels, the preliminary estimate indicated that, during normal reactor operations, these deviations remained within limits foreseen by fuel pin design.


In Japan, the interest in IT education is continuously growing. Most goals of the IT education involve metaability, which cannot be learned by the traditional Japanese instructional methods. It is difficult to design effective IT education material. Moreover, there are only a few specialists in IT education. For this reason, it is necessary and important to provide IT instructors with a powerful help system that can locate and provide access to a variety of useful information resources. We present a system that reconstructs the resources according to the various viewpoints expressed in the ontology of IT education goals. Further, we propose an ontology alignment framework.


The means of determing total alkalinity(A
 t
) and calcium concentration of small-amount seawater samples using one set of equipments is described. Using automatic potentiometric titrator (Metrohm* 798MPT Titrino), through termostating, increasing the titration reagent volume accuracy, accurate positioning equivalence point and regulating reagent volume every step added, At and calcium can be measured separately with high precision and limited time. The relative standard deviation of At is lower than 0.10% (plusmn2 mumol kg
 -1
) with a single sample consumption of 25cm3 and 9 min while the relative standard deviation of calcium is better than 0.25% (plusmn26 mumol kg
 -1
) , sometimes lower than 0.10% (plusmn10 mumol kg
 -1
) ,with a single sample consumption of 1.0 cm
 3
 and 5 min.


A device and a method for evaluating the driving characteristic of a scanner are provided to keep the beam reflected from a scanning mirror parallel to the beam incident to the scanning mirror regardless of the driving angle of the scanning mirror by disposing a reflection part of the scanning mirror at a focal point of an objective lens by adjusting the focus of the objective lens. A device for evaluating the driving characteristic of a scanner according to the change of horizontal and vertical rotational angles of a scanning mirror(100) includes: a light source(101) irradiating a beam; an objective lens(109) disposed between the light source and the scanning mirror; an actuator(111) driving the objective lens to position the scanning mirror on a focal point of the objective lens; a PSD(Position-Sensitive Device,115) detecting the change of the rotational angle of the scanning mirror by receiving the beam reflected from the scanning mirror and transmitted through the objective lens; and a signal processing unit processing a signal detected in the PSD. The reflected beam is irradiated from the light source and parallel to the beam incident to the objective lens regardless of the change of the rotational angle of the scanning mirror.


According to the concept of threshold pressure gradient,the threshold permeability of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir is put forward.The relation between the threshold pressure gradient and reservoir permeability is obtained according to the core laboratory results of the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir in Yanchang formation,Ordos Basin.The varying law of the driving pressure gradient between water-injection well and production well is derived.The distribution law of the threshold permeability between water-injection well and production well is presented according to the relationship between the threshold pressure gradient and the driving pressure gradient,which shows that there is maximum of threshold permeability near the center between water-injection well and production well and there are minimums of threshold permeability near the water-injection well and the production well.


Abstract This article is based on the parallel session given by Jackie Fishleigh at the BIALL Conference in 2011 which looked at how Legal Information Professionals can get involved and contribute their skills to collaborative projects using SharePoint.


Abstract The fragmentation of cyclic sulphur compounds such as (1) to (4) by photolysis and flash vacuum thermolysis will be discussed. Many of these reactions have been shown to be synthetically useful. The mechanisms of some of these reactions have been studied in some detail. The use of novel thermolytic and photochemical apparatus will be demonstrated.


The education is an extremely complex social system. The complex scientific research progress has provided the new method and the angle of view for the research education question.The education complexity research should be take the complex thought as the instruction,conducts the education research using the complex science principle and the method.Under the complex field of vision education research is helpful in us grasps the education system from the whole the complexity,then analyzes and induces the effective countermeasure and the method,the instruction education decision-making and carries on each concrete education practice,then the attempt proposes the transformation pedagogy mentality and the countermeasure.


Abstract Spectrochemical analysis and optical absorption studies in UV, VIS, NIR and IR regions are reported for exo-skeleton of marine bivalve shell, Lithophaga. The spectrochemical analysis revealed the presence of Ca, Sr, Mg, Ag, Al, Fe and Cu in the sample. The infrared absorption studies revealed the aragonite crystal structure of the shell. With the polarisation studies the absorption bands in the visible and NIR regions are attributed to Cu2+ ion in Cs symmetry.


This paper illustrates the Finite-element Method of shipping shaft alignment calculation and studies on shipping shaft system alignment calculation taking into account the hull distortion. The proper software is impoldered which gets rid of the problems of complexity and inaccuracy when the traditional Three Bending Moment Method or Transition Matrix Method is used and discussed in the paper. Basis on the above this paper puts forward measurement of main engine installing distortion and reducing bearing number. The theory analysis and example calculation are carried on at the same time. The result shows that the load of each stern bearing and the last main bearing are 250 kN, 138 kN, 118 kN and 169 kN respectively in shaft system cold state and the load of each stern bearing and the last main bearing are 100 kN, 232 kN, 159 kN and 0 kN respectively in shaft system hot state. The load of each bearing is improved fairly. So this is a very affective method to resolve the shipping shaft system alignment calculation for large vessel being hull distortion influencing.


Resistivity was measured from T/sub c/ to 1100 K for La/sub 1.825/Sr/sub 0.175/CuO/sub 4/, where it is linear to 1100 K, and for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/, where it is linear to 600 K, increases faster than linear at T>600 K because of loss of oxygen, and changes slope at the 950-K structural transition. The observed absence of saturation in the linear parts of the data implies weak electron-phonon coupling in both superconductors, thus excluding the possibility of phonon-mediated superconductivity. Values of the plasma energy are derived in combination with other experimental data.


The evolution of a finite-amplitude three-dimensional localized disturbance embedded in external shear flows is addressed. Using the fluid impulse integral as a characteristic of such a disturbance, the Euler vorticity equation is integrated analytically, and a system of linear equations describing the temporal evolution of the three components of the fluid impulse is obtained. Analysis of this system of equations shows that inviscid plane parallel flows as well as high Reynolds number two-dimensional boundary layers are always unstable to small localized disturbances, a typical dimension of which is much smaller than a dimensional length scale corresponding to an O(1) change of the external velocity. Since the integral character of the fluid impulse is insensitive to the details of the flow, universal properties are obtained. The analysis predicts that the growing vortex disturbance will be inclined at 45° to the external flow direction, in a plane normal to the transverse axis. This prediction agrees with previous experimental observations concerning the growth of hairpin vortices in laminar and turbulent boundary layers. In order to demonstrate the potential of this approach, it is applied to Taylor-Couette flow, which has additional dynamical effects owing to rotation. Accordingly, a new instability criterion associated with three-dimensional localized disturbances is found. The validity of this criterion is supported by our experimental results.


A proximity drawing of a graph is a straight-line drawing where adjacent vertices are represented by points that are deemed to be close according to some proximity measure. A rectangle of innuence drawing is a proximity drawing where the measure is based on the concept of rectangle of innuence. Given two points u and v, the rectangle of innuence of u and v is the axis-aligned rectangle having u and v at opposite corners. The rectangle of innuence drawing of a graph G is a proximity drawing of G such that (i) for each pair of adjacent vertices u; v of G, the rectangle of innuence of the points representing u and v is empty (i.e. contains no point representing a vertex distinct from u and v), and (ii) for each pair of non-adjacent vertices u; v of G, the rectangle of innuence of the points representing u and v is not empty. Two diierent representation models are possible depending on whether the rectangle of innuence is an open or a closed set. In this paper we study the drawability of several classes of graphs with respect to both the closed and the open model. We characterize, for each class and model, which graphs have a rectangle of innuence drawing. For each class we show that testing whether a graph G has a rectangle of innuence drawing can be done in O(n) time, where n is the number of vertices of G. Furthermore, if the test for G is aarmative, we show how to construct a rectangle of innuence drawing of G. All the drawing algorithms can be implemented so that they (1) produce drawings with all vertices placed at intersection points of an integer grid of size O(n 2), (2) perform arithmetic operations on integers only, and (3) run in O(n) time, where n is the number of vertices of the input graph.


Traditional evaluation of firm's market value in credit risk analysis could be contaminated by market noises. The purpose of this article is to price the credit risk in the distance to default with particle filter approach. Compared to the traditional methods, the estimate of the distance to default could be evaluated precisely. Another finding is that the inflation of variation in firm's value caused by the market noises could be reduced.


The invention relates to a hospitalizing one-card through system which comprises a one-card through intelligent card, a hospital LAN hospitalizing one-card through system server, computer terminals of each section office, a registering machine, a treatment card reader, a printer, a transfusion card reader, a physical examination card reader, a hospitalization card reader, a background automatic medicine arranging-sending device, and a hospital settlement center; the registering machine is connected with a computer at the location of a treatment doctor, and is connected with the account of a patient and the hospital settlement center; the treatment card reader is connected with the computer at the location of the treatment doctor, and is connected with each computer terminal, the printer, and the corresponding medicine box by a special wire or wirelessly; all the card readers are connected with the account of the patient and the hospital settlement center; the hospital LAN hospitalizing one-card through system server is communicated with all the computer terminals, the hospital settlement center and the card readers. The operation method of the hospitalizing one-card through comprises the seven steps including registration, treatment, physical examination, medicine taking, transfusion, hospitalization, and settlement. The invention solves the problems of unreasonable flow, multiple payments and multiple queuing of the treatment flows.


Solar radiation is the source of energy for the earth. The amount of solar radiation that reaching the earth's surface, is strongly influenced by the interaction of solar radiation with the atmospheric that is passed through. This paper analyzes the effect of aerosols on solar radiation balance in the Indonesian atmosphere using radiation data from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and aerosol optical depth that is obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) - Terra, from March 2000 to February 2016. Aerosol optical depth data (AOD) and shortwave (SW) radiation that reach the top of atmosphere and the earth's surface were analyzed spatially and temporally with the observation area of the 150S – 150N and 900W – 1500E. Moreover, the sample of several locations was analyzed such as Palangkaraya, Pontianak, Banjarmasin and Samarinda, to look at the cases of forest fires which generate aerosols that quite high. Results of data analysis showed a significant influence of aerosols on the divergence of short-wave solar radiation in the atmosphere of Indonesia. The divergence of short-wave radiation shows how much solar radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere. Some cities such as Palangkaraya and Pontianak showed a strong correlation (0.7 - 0.95) between AOD and the value of shortwave radiation divergence. Temporal pattern from time series analysis showed that the increase in the value of AOD due to the fires incident, give the biggest influence on the decrease in solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface.


We present the results of deep near-infrared imaging and ISOCAM observations of three selected regions localized in the northern part of the Chamaeleon I dark cloud, in order to search for the low-luminosity population. In an area of 3 × 3 arcmin2 centered on the bipolar molecular outflow, which is the densest part of the cloud, we have discovered a new Class I source (here named ISOCAM–Cha INa2) with a spectral index α = 1.9 and 1–18 μm luminosity of 0.6 L⊙ that is most probably responsible for the observed CO outflow. The comparison between the observed K-magnitude distribution for this region and that obtained for a region outside the outflow and adjacent to the star HD 97300 indicates the possible presence of a very low luminosity young stellar population in the densest part of the cloud.


K r n may be emdedded in R m by rst xing the vertices and then drawing a convex set of points for each hyperedge such that the convex set contains exactly the vertices in the hyperedge. The convex set containing all the vertices of a hyperedge represents the corresponding hyperedge.


We conducted two design experiments aimed at engaging sixth graders (11 years old) in statistical reasoning about center and variation. We examine in particular students' informal notion of a "modal clump." Using Peirce's concept of diagrammatic reasoning, we analyze the interplay of 1) making plots with TinkerPlots – a computer data analysis tool, 2) experimenting with those plots, and 3) developing a language to talk about features of the data sets as represented in the plots by reflecting on judgments. More generally, we draw on Brandom's recent work in philosophy to argue that an "inferential" view should be privileged over a "referential" view of teaching and learning statistics. PRIVILEGING INFERENCE OVER REFERENCE The central thesis of this paper is that the meanings of statistical concepts such as mean and variation should be understood in their role in a reasoning practice and that this epistemological view has implications for the pedagogy of statistics. We start with an important point established in Brandom's (2000) philosophy: the inextricable connection between reference and inference. The gist of Brandom's argument is that there can be no reference (e.g., to a concept or a data set) without inference (a reasoning process). Brandom takes issue with the Cartesian paradigm of representationalism that has prioritized reference over inference in the order of semantic explanation. His major work, Making it Explicit (1994), makes a powerful case for the reversal of this order—for the prioritization of inference over reference. It is never straightforward to formulate educational consequences from philosophical


A C-methyltransferase involved in methyl-branch formation in sugars has been characterized for the first time. TylC3, an (S)-adenosylmethylthionine(AdoMet)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the attachment of a methyl branch [Eq. (1)] in the biosynthesis of L-mycarose, an unusual sugar found in tylosin and as its O-3-methyl derivative in erythromycin. The C-3 methylation proceeds with inversion of configuration and does not require the assistance of any cofactors. The turnover rate is 1.4±0.1 min-1 . TDP=thymidine-5'-dihydrogenphosphate.


When determining in criminal proceedings whether an individual performed a certain culpable action, predictive evidence is often ignored. Most notably, and with few exceptions, base-rates are excluded. The hostility of criminal fact-finding towards predictive evidence is also apparent in the deeply rooted suspicion of bad character and previous convictions. In this paper, I seek to explain this hostility by suggesting that criminal fact-finding implicitly adheres to the view that culpable conduct requires free will that is necessarily unpredictable. While theorists tend to agree that it is possible to predict a free action, at least with some degree of confidence, I contend that criminal fact-finding adheres to the view that free actions cannot have either subjective or objective probabilities. It is not only the lack of sufficient information that prevents an accurate prediction of how an agent will act freely: free actions cannot be predicted because their probability does not exist.


Purpose of the paper: The paper aims at analysing the process of startup creation at its very early stage, investigating the connection between the distinctive traits of the entrepreneurs (the so-called "founding team") and the arising profiles of their new ventures. Methodology : The data are collected during the determinative initial phases of the venture creation. Specifically, a cluster analysis is applied on a sample of 107 Italian innovative startups and their 254 founders. The three emerging clusters show significant differences in terms of entrepreneurial profile and the startup's fundraising ability. Findings : Some specific traits of the entrepreneurial profile of the new venture (mainly the educational background and previous experience), may have an initial imprinting effect on its firm profile and, hence, its likelihood to grow and be successful. Research and managerial implications : Work and international experience appear to be crucial success factors for startups at the very early stage. These characteristics prove to be strong enablers of fundraising, which happens to be vital at this particular time. Research limitations : A cross-country analysis should be performed to better understand the positioning of the Italian startup ecosystem, and to overcome the country specificities of the sample. Originality of the paper : The novelty of this work is represented by the exploration of a population on which we have no great prior knowledge, in a significant, yet peculiar, phase of its life. There are not many empirical/qualitative updated works related to the analysis of the characteristics of Italian startups and their founders.


ABSTRACT In educational settings across the globe, a growing number of students with disabilities are being educated alongside their typically-developing peers. With that comes a growing need to provide adequate training and follow-up support to classroom teachers. Unfortunately, while educators are expected to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in the classroom, teachers commonly attend didactic-based training with little-to-no follow-up support measuring the transfer of knowledge and sustainability of learned teaching practices in the classroom. The research-to-practice gap continues and a growing number of teachers are leaving the field of special education internationally. In this article, we describe instructional coaching used in teacher education and examine different methods of providing performance-based feedback to teachers. There is a specific focus on eCoaching with Bug-in-Ear technology, an unobtrusive technique used to provide teachers with performance-based feedback in real-time while offering repeated implementation opportunities in the classroom. We explain the eCoaching process, required technology, and offer recommendations for practical application of eCoaching procedures.


Cost and other practically related reasons can mean that velocity sensors are not available on an underwater vehicle. For such cases, the results in this brief are developed on an observer-based fault-tolerant control for underwater vehicles in the presence of external disturbances and unknown thruster faults. An adaptive sliding mode observer is developed to achieve finite-time convergence where, in comparison to a high-gain-based design for the observer, a nonlinear feedback is constructed based on the position estimation error. Unlike alternatives, a discontinuity term in the developed fault tolerant controller is avoided, and the stability of the controlled dynamics is characterized using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, these new results are supported by both a simulation-based study and experimental verification.


In this study, satellite attitude control and solar panel vibration are investigated. In order to carry out simulations with realistic configuration, the weights of the momentum wheels and solar panels are obtained from NSPO. The involved parameters include material properties, momentum wheel speeds and output torques, etc. We use SolidWorks to build a satellite model, including three momentum wheels, two solar panels, two triangle props. We use MATLAB to design a controller to control the satellite model in different cases in order to investigate the satellite tracking error and solar panel vibration. We do the satellite attitude control in accordance with Sliding Mode Control (SMC). This control scheme has advantages of robustness, high availability and high efficiency. Because the space is an adverse circumstance, it is extraordinary difficult to maintain or repair. Therefore, choosing a high availability controller is a major topic for aeronautical engineering. In addition to SMC, in this study we also compare two kinds of panel's material: rigid and flexible bodies. In this paper, we can observe the effects of vibration reduction with flexible body, and make the satellite attitude more stable ultimate.


This paper presents a constructive methodology to design sliding mode surfaces for a class of underactuated mechanical systems. The surfaces are designed taking advantage of a fictitious output and the Lyapunov theory. The fictitious output is chosen in such a way that the system is minimum-phase. The technique is developed for a class of underactuated mechanical systems with uncertainty in their physical parameters, mainly in the inertial terms. Two examples in the class, the pendulum on a cart and the inertia wheel pendulum are thoroughly analyzed. Simulations show the good performance, namely, time response and parametric robustness, of the controller.


#### Summary points

The term thrombophilia refers to an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis. Such abnormalities represent one component of the triad (along with stasis and abnormalities of the vessel wall) put forward by Virchow in the 19th century to explain why thrombosis occurs.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Collaboration for recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on thrombophilia and its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. We supplemented these with recent largely UK based national guidelines and with further references obtained through PubMed and through personal archives of references. Evidence on the management of symptomatic or asymptomatic people with heritable thrombophilia is weak and largely based on extrapolation from observational studies.

Thrombophilic abnormalities may be heritable (the topic of this review) or acquired, although both genetic and environmental factors influence activity within the coagulation system and may interact to provoke thrombotic events.1 Clinicians in primary and secondary care may need to counsel or manage asymptomatic people or patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who have either a family history of venous thrombosis or a known heritable thrombophilia. …


0.001). Moreover high correlation between PP and microalbuminuria ( r = 0.47, p 55 mm Hg increase of total cholesterol level and LDL fraction compared to controls (p < 0.01, p < 0001 respectively) was observed. Level of HDL in group IV was diminished compared to controls (p < 0.05), as well as to group II (p < 0.01) and III (p < 0.05).