The uncertainties and disturbances in the robot dynamic system make the robot control much more difficult. Aiming at this problem, an explicit dynamic model for PUMA 560 robot is given. The closed-loop dynamic error equation considering uncertainties for the robot is derived by using the computed torque method with PD type. A new learning control method using real coded genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to control the PUMA560 robot and its controller structure is designed. In terms of the operations such as arithmetical crossover, non-uniform mutation and normalized geometric distribution in the GA, a real coded compensating learning control item is added to the error equation to approach the uncertainties by evolutionary learning. Then, the computed torque method and the GA learning control are combined to realize the perfect trajectory tracking. Simulation results show the efficiency of the control method.


Abstract. Light trapping by means of backside diffraction gratings can strongly increase the efficiency in silicon solar cells. However, the optimization of the grating geometry involves comprehensive multiparameter scans, which necessitates an efficient simulation method. In this study, we employ a simulation approach that combines ray tracing with rigorous coupled wave analysis. As an additional benefit, this approach provides a much better physical insight into the light trapping mechanism in contrast to fully electromagnetic simulation methods. The influence of the ray tracing simulation settings in terms of recursion depth and diffraction order on the simulation results is investigated. We show that the choice of a proper recursion depth and a sufficient number of diffraction orders is essential for obtaining fully optimized grating parameters and that the minimum recursion depth required for obtaining the correct optimized grating parameters depends on the silicon thickness. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the angle of incidence on the optimized grating parameters. As major result, we find that the optimum grating structure does not depend on the angle of incidence on the solar cell.


Under certain conditions, stress corrosion cracking can cause catastrophic failure of steam turbine discs. Nuclear Electric has developed a range of inspection techniques for disc keyways, bores, buttons and blade attachments and has accumulated substantial experience on their use on plant. This paper gives examples of the techniques used and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques applied.


Modern control systems often exhibit problems in switches between automatic and manual system control. One reason for this is the structure of the control system, which is usually not designed for this type of action. This article presents a method for splitting the control system into different control levels. By switching between these control levels, the operator can increase or decrease the number of manual control activities he wishes to perform while still enjoying the support of the control system. The structural advantages of the control levels are demonstrated for two types of operator activity; 1 control flow tracing; and 2 control flow alteration. These two types of operator activity can be used in such situations as when locating an error, introducing a new machine, changing the ordering of products or optimizing the production flow.


The current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has elicited widespread concerns and stress. Arguably, healthcare workers are especially vulnerable to experience burnout during these times due to the nature of their work. Indeed, high prevalence of burnout was found among healthcare workers during the outbreak. However, the individual differences predicting burnout among healthcare workers during the pandemic have been understudied. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to identify risk and protective factors contributing to the severity of burnout among healthcare workers, above and beyond levels of current psychological distress. The survey was distributed online during the period April 13-28, 2020, approximately one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Ninety-eight healthcare workers completed an online survey administered cross-sectionally via the Qualtrics platform that included questionnaires assessing habitual emotion regulation strategies (i.e., tendency to worry, reappraisal, and suppression), psychological distress (COVID-19 related concerns, depression, anxiety, stress), and burnout. Regression analyses revealed that although psychological distress and maladaptive emotion regulation tendencies (worry, suppression) were significantly correlated with burnout, only tendency to worry and depression levels predicted burnout in a stepwise linear regression model. These findings highlight the role of maladaptive coping strategies, specifically worry, in job burnout among healthcare workers, and might have implications for both the assessment and treatment of healthcare workers. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for practice.


We have prepared some transition and post-transition metal complexes derived from the pentadentate thiosemicarbazone ligand bis(4-N-ethylthiosemicarbazone)-2,6-diacetylpyridine H(2)L(Et), by both chemical and electrochemical procedures. The complexes have been synthesised and fully characterised, including the crystal structures for the ligand H(2)L(Et) and its manganese, cadmium and lead complexes. We have also performed multinuclear (109)Ag, (113)Cd, (119)Sn and (207)Pb studies for silver, cadmium, tin and lead compounds, respectively. Moreover we present here a comparative study on the different structures found for pentadentate thiosemicarbazonate complexes, trying to check the influence of different factors, such as experimental procedure, size of metal, structure of the ligand, and metal oxidation state, on the final structure of the complex formed. Our aim is gaining a better insight into the coordination trends of pentadentate thiosemicarbazone ligands.


The offshore offloading of oil from spread moored FPSO's can be performed in multiple ways. Tandem offloading is an offloading principle that is widely used and tandem offloading does not require additional components what is the case with offloading with the use of a remote buoy. However tandem offloading is vulnerable for safety hazards, one of these safety hazards are squalls. Squalls are rapidly changing wind events. Squalls begin suddenly with an increase in wind speed and a change in wind direction and have often a duration of around 30 minutes. Furthermore squalls are very difficult to forecast. In a squall event the offloading has to proceed because proper disconnection takes multiple hours. Therefore is it crucial to know what the responses of the tanker will be during tandem offloading in a squall and which of the different parameters will have an effect on the responses. Furthermore because the FPSO and the tanker are positioned in close proximity it is important to understand what the effect and the consequence will be of the interaction of wind and waves between the two vessels.


Apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) are sudden distressful episodes in infants that are characterized by apnea, choking or gagging, cyanosis, pallor, altered muscle tone, abnormal movements, or altered mental status. Researchers examined the association between cardiac disease and ALTEs and the yield of cardiac testing in a retrospective chart review of 485 infants (age <12 months; mean age, 1.9 …


The present invention relates to a thin film resonator wafer and a method of manufacturing a thin film bulk wave resonator body waves, preventing a discharge generated in the manufacturing process a thin film bulk wave resonators, and thereby improve the reliability and yield of products. Thin film bulk wave resonator wafer according to the present invention, comprising: a substrate (101), a lower electrode (102) and the upper electrode (104) disposed on the substrate (101), and the lower electrode (102) and the upper electrode (104) the piezoelectric film (103) disposed between; by providing on the piezoelectric film (103) of the window portion, a lower electrode (102) and the upper electrode (104) short-circuited. Thus, a lower electrode (102) and the upper electrode (104) have the same potential, thus cutting and the like even when the substrate is formed of an upper protective film covering the electrode (104) is likely to occur in a conventional discharge machining, will not produce through the piezoelectric film (103) discharge.


magnetic field lying along the easy axis would preferentially select a state with all spins lining up with it, which will be either all along z or all along −z, depending on the polarity of the field. But if the magnetic field is instead applied in a perpendicular direction x (a 'transverse field'), it causes transitions between these two possible states (+z and −z). If the ground state of the system with no magnetic field is antiferromagnetic, an increasing transverse field drives the system towards a quantum critical point and beyond it into a quantum-disordered phase. The six authors of this book have set out to explain the physics of quantum phase transitions in such transverse-field spin models. A key part of their account is the explanation of how various quantum information theoretic measures scale close to a quantum critical point. The authors introduce entanglement entropy and show how it grows logarithmically near a quantum phase transition. Furthermore, if you cool a classical system through a phase transition, defects can be produced where the symmetry is broken in different ways in separate regions. The number of defects depends on the cooling speed and follows what is known as Kibble–Zurek scaling. An analogous effect occurs for quantum phase transitions and leads to some novel non-equilibrium dynamics. The authors describe how these transverse-field models relate to other quantum phase transitions and connect their treatment to conformal field theories, the Kitaev model, graphene and topological insulators as well as models with frustration and disorder. The book finishes with an insightful treatment of quantum quenches, connecting this phenomenon with decoherence and the information measures introduced earlier, along with a succinct survey of experimental realisations in materials such as LiHoF4 and CoNb2O6. This book is written in the style of an extended review article, so many formulae are quoted without derivations and have to be taken on trust. Therefore, the 874 references at the end of the book are really needed if a reader wants to follow up on many of these issues and understand them more deeply. One drawback is that the index at the end of the book is far too brief and many concepts mentioned in the book are sadly missing from it. Furthermore, the monograph is, it has to be said, very technical and the style is pretty hard going which requires determined effort by the reader. More positively, the authors' treatment and choice of topics have the advantage that they will keep the reader up to date with many of the latest ideas at the frontiers of current research. However, if you don't already know what a Holstein–Primakoff transformation is, or a Lie algebra, or a Bogoliubov transformation, don't expect the authors to explain these terms. Nevertheless, there are plenty of fascinating insights and examples in this volume, providing a helpful survey of the growing understanding of the deep connections that exist between quantum phase transitions and quantum information theory.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.20, p.1327 (1987). A block-scaling method, applied previously to the Ising model with a transverse field in one dimension, is extended to two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions at T=0. The model in question has been considered on hexagonal, triangular and square lattices in 2D for small cells (the size ns=4 or 5) up to second order in the inter-cell interactions as well as for a number of larger cells in 2D and 3D up to first order in the perturbation. It is demonstrated that the extension yields a consistent global treatment of quantum and disorder effects and a substantial improvement in the numerical values of the correlation length exponent nu .


We report on the light propagation in a one-line-defect photonic crystal waveguide (W1 PhC WG) patterned into a 450 nm thick free-standing lithium niobate membrane by ion-beam enhanced etching. The Bloch wave vectors and transmission spectrum of this PhC WG were retrieved from optical near-field images. The experimental data show good agreement with simulations performed with the three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method and the 3D finite-difference time-domain method. Those results are promising for the development of integrated optics devices operating at telecom wavelengths and based on free-standing lithium niobate PhC membranes.


Cargo services play a significant role in global business. According to the IATA, in spite of the fact that air freight accounts for only 2%, and virtually all other freight traffic is transported by sea, the share price of air cargo in international traffic makes up 35%.


To describe the hospital costs, hospital types and differences across states and territories for children with medical complexity cared for in Australian public hospitals.


The aim of this study was to determine of the mechanical losses that occurred during threshing and after threshing the processing from the paddy to rice depend on threshed at different cylinder speeds by the combine harvester. Another purpose is to determine the effect of the cylinder rotational speed on grain losses and broken germination. According to results, the effect of cylinder rotational speed of combine harvester has been found significant on the amount of broken grain and germination rate (p<0.01). The broken grain has increased with increase of cylinder rotational speed, the germination rate decreased. While the lowest broken grain rate was 0.912% at 650 rpm, the highest broken grain was obtained at 1050 rpm as 4.100%. However, there has been a gradual decrease in germination rates. While the rate of germination rate at 650 rpm was 95.4%, this ration dropped to 85% at 950 rpm and 78% at 1050 rpm. The cylinder rotational speed selected for threshing significantly affected the head rice yield parameters. The lowest broken grain rate was obtained as 6.876% at 650 rpm, while the highest rate was obtained at 950 rpm as 9.072%. The other side, the highest unbroken rate was achieved as 62.955% at 650 rpm, this rate decreased due to the increase in the number of revolutions. The lowest unbroken ratio of grain was obtained at 1050 rpm as 9.168%. The bran ratio increased from 0.846 percent to 1.774%. The lowest brain rate was achieved as 0.846% at 650 rpm, while the highest rate was achieved at 1.774% at 1050 rpm. Head rice yield decreased slightly as the cylinder speed increased. While this rate was 70.67% at 650 rpm, it was 68.87% at 1050 rpm. A similar situation has been achieved in the amount of husk. While the rate of grains at 650 rpm, which is the lowest, is 29.324%, this ratio has increased slightly. Husk ratio, on the other hand, were changed between 29.32% and 31.30%.


The modeling of many problems in the applied sciences and engineering is based on concepts of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, leading to systems of conservation laws. Prominent examples are the Maxwell equations of electromagnetics, the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics and equations of elasticity and the systems of magnetohydrodynamics of plasma physics. In this course we develop, analyse and apply computational methods suitable for solving systems of conservation laws. We begin by discussing fundamental properties of conservation laws, including their ability to generate non-smooth solutions shocks from smooth initial conditions, leading to the introduction of weak solutions and entropy conditions. We initiate the discussion of computational methods by finite difference methods for conservation laws and introduce the concept of monotone schemes and the consequences of this. This is followed by a thorough discussion of finite volume methods, including Godunov's methods, monotone fluxes, accuracy, and stability of such methods. We then begin the discussion of methods of higher order accuracy, first by understanding why higher order accuracy is of interest. This sets the stage for the introduction of limiter based schemes with a particular emphasis on the MUSCL scheme. Subsequently, we discuss in detail essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) and weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) methods and their fundamental properties. Higher order in time is achieved through the development of strongly stable Runge-Kutta methods (SSP-RK). As a final extension to more geneal problems, we develop discontinuous Galerkin methods as a very general and robust high-order accurate extension of finite volume methods. We study these methods in some detail, including their mathematical properties. Throughout the course there will be an emphasis on mastering mathematical as well as computational aspects of the different methods.


There has been a significant increase in the utilization of FFR since the publication of FAME trial reflecting the increasing adoption of this procedure by the interventional community (Figure 1). In 2012, less than one-half of the discharges with a code for FFR had an associated code for PCI, which may represent a significant impact of FFR utilization on PCI volume over the past decade. Although the value of FFR in patients with ACS has been debated in the past, recent studies have demonstrated clinical utility (3). Our study has significant limitations. Data in NIS is based on diagnostic codes and the accuracy of each entry cannot be validated. However, many previous studies have utilized the same data sample. Secondly, this is an inpatient sample and outpatient FFR procedures are likely to have been missed particularly "deferred cases" not undergoing PCI. We expect that the trends in the use of these procedures on an outpatient basis would parallel our results. Thirdly, in the visits that have codes for both FFR and PCI, we cannot differentiate if both procedures were performed on the same or different coronary arteries. Lastly, all deferred PCIs cannot be attributed to nonischemic FFR results alone, as some patients with positive FFR could have been referred for surgical revascularization. This study demonstrates increased adoption of FFR in clinical practice. Further research is required in understanding if FFR is used as recommended in current guidelines and if not, barriers to more universal adoption.


In this paper, a synthesis of design methodologies for electromagnetic devices made with soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is presented. To realize efficient and low-cost SMC devices, it is necessary to benefit from interesting isotropic SMC material properties such as 3-D flux circulation path. In this case, the best approach is to carry out a topological structure research and perform a global optimization using physical models. However, the iterative optimization process can be computationally intensive and some compromises should be found between accuracy and computation time. One way is to use coarse models with important simplifying hypotheses but the optimal solution is often not valid. In this case, one can perform a limited number of finite element (FE) simulations to compute some correction coefficients and improve optimization convergence to a valid optimal solution. Another way is to perform the device optimization by using directly FE models with low mesh density and several simplifications of the device geometry. Such design approaches are illustrated by three concrete realizations with SMC material.


The time-cost trade-off problem (TCTP) is an important branch in the project scheduling problem. However, the duration and cost of each activity could change stochastically as a result of uncertain factors. To meet the needs of real projects, an improved approach based on trapezoid fuzzy numbers is applied to estimate the uncertainty of time and cost. And then α-cut method is applied to decide the risk level. Furthermore, improved crossover and mutation methods for multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) are used to make a large-scale computation possible. The efficiency of the proposed approach is verified by comparison with previous researches. In addition, economic analysis skill of finance cost is integrated into the new model to provide greater flexibility to managers when making decisions. Finally, time-cost tables under different risk levels for case examples are given and the advantages are investigated based on computation results


This paper presents the results of an analysis of skill needs in Romania, using available statistical datasets from main statistical institutions. Romania faces high rates of unemployment, and employers report skills shortages limiting firms' growth. Using data from major statistical institutions, we aim at shedding light on the type of skill needs of the economy, especially in the context of technological change, and at providing insights into labour market dynamics and employers' needs, especially in terms of technological diffusion. A rigorous descriptive analysis of the characteristics of skill needs in Romania is implemented. The findings show that Romania was confronted with a labour market crisis before the Covid pandemic, and the ITC sector suffered the most, as it was confronted with some of the highest skills shortages in Romania. Whereas Romanians have the least digital skills in Europe, socio-emotional and digital skills are the most demanded skills across all industries and occupations. Granular analysis of skills demanded by sector is conducted, with an accent on ICT, and useful to policy makers to inform training needs and career information provided.


'Bettergro Blackeye' is a new southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivar that was approved for release in July 1991 by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 'Bettergro Blackeye' is well adapted for production throughout the southern United States, where it produces excellent yields of high-quality, blackeye-type peas. The new cultivar is resistant to the cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus Boehman), the major insect pest of the southernpea in many southern production areas, and root knot, a severe root disease incited by several species of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.).


In nature, hosts face shifting patterns of parasite exposure and life history trade-offs as they develop from birth to old age. As a result, the net fitness benefit of immunological investment can change dramatically from one life stage to the next. Previous work has revealed a puzzling diversity of relative immune investment patterns among juvenile and adult stages, and it is not clear whether lessons learned from one particular population or species can be generalized to wild populations, after accounting for local adaptation and other variance-generating processes. In this study, we quantify larval and adult immune gene expression and resistance to bacterial infection in two flour beetle species (Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum) from two lab-adapted and five wild-derived populations. Our results provide a clear signal of higher infection-induced immunological investment and resistance in adults relative to larvae, despite variation among species in immune gene regulation. Better characterization of stage-specific investment in infection resistance in natural populations can inform our understanding of life history evolution and improve predictions of disease dynamics in the wild.


Template-based geometric simulation is a specialised method for modelling flexible framework structures made up of rigid units using a simplified, localised physical model. The strengths of the method are its ability to handle large all-atom structural models rapidly and at minimal computational expense, and to provide insights into the links between local bonding and steric geometry and global flexibility. We review the implementation of geometric simulation in the 'GASP' software, and its application to the study of materials including zeolites, perovskites and metal–organic frameworks. The latest version (5) of GASP has significant improvements and extensions, in particular an improved algorithm for relaxation of atomic positions, and the capacity to handle both polyhedral and molecular structural units. GASP is freely available to researchers.


Several bended tubes of #1 boiler second stage superheater of the Xiamen Houkeng Refuse-fired Power Plant were failed due to cracking during operation.The reason of tube cracking was analyzed,and the feasible solving scheme was proposed and accomplished;then similar fault was avoided effectively.So the safety operation of boiler had been ensured.


The purpose of this study is to estimate the appropriate size of higher education financing based on the concept of education financing adequacy and to propose a policy realization plan to expand financial support based on special accounting for higher and lifelong education support.
The results of the study show that the scale of domestic higher education financing is very low. Domestic total government expenditure, education budget, OECD public education expenditure per capita, and OECD higher education expenditure per capita as a percentage of GDP were all low. Second, the comparative model was applied to estimate the appropriate size of higher education financing, and the size of the required resources increased as the reference group for international competitiveness comparison was set. Third, the newly established special account for higher education finance is problematic in terms of the stability of revenues, the adequacy of revenue sources, and the feasibility of expenditure projects. In particular, there is no explicit provision for securing financial resources, and the special account is temporary, so it is necessary to revise the law and find a way to provide long-term financial support. Finally, in order to secure the estimated amount of financial resources needed in the future, it is proposed to link the direction of sharing between the state and the private sector with the government's plan and operate the fund in the long term.


It is well known that the likelihood sequence of the EM algorithm is non- decreasing and convergent (Dempster, Laird and Rubin (1977)), and that the limit points of the EM algorithm are stationary points of the likelihood (Wu (1982)), but the issue of the convergence of the EM sequence itself has not been completely settled. In this paper we close this gap and show that under general, simple, veriable conditions, any EM sequence is convergent. In pathological cases we show that the sequence is cycling in the limit among a nite number of stationary points with equal likelihood. The results apply equally to the optimization transfer class of algorithms (MM algorithm) of Lange, Hunter, and Yang (2000). Two dieren t EM algorithms constructed on the same dataset illustrate the convergence and the cyclic behavior. This paper contains new results concerning the convergence of the EM al- gorithm. The EM algorithm was brought into the limelight by Dempster, Laird and Rubin (1977) as a general iterative method of computing the maximum likelihood estimator by maximizing a simpler likelihood on an augmented data space. However, the problem of the convergence of the algorithm has not been satisfactory resolved. Wu (1983), the main theoretical contribution in this area, showed that the limit points of the EM algorithm are stationary points of the likelihood, and that when the likelihood is unimodal, any EM sequence is con- vergent. Boyles (1983) has a number of results along similar lines. These results still allow the possibility of a non-convergent EM sequence when the likelihood is not unimodal. More importantly, the EM algorithm is useful when the likelihood is hard to obtain directly; for these cases, the unimodality of the likelihood is very dicult to verify. Here we give simple, general, veriable conditions for con- vergence: our main result (Theorem 3) is that any EM sequence is convergent, if the maximizer at the M-step is unique. This condition is almost always satis- ed in practice (otherwise the particular EM data augmentation scheme would


The life form spectrum,leaf size spectrum,light and water ecology spectrum,predominance plant of before and after closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation community in rock desertification area of southeast Yunnan were studied by using plot method(quadrat investigation method).The results showed that phanerophytes was the dominant life form.The life form spectrum and leaf size spectrum of the community was similar to that of subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in middle Yunnan.The moisture and humidity in the community has been improved.The species richness,diversity index,ecological dominance and community evennessof the community have been improving,and with a tendency climax succession.This suggests that closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation is one of good vegetation restoration approaches in rock desertification area of southeast Yunnan.


Outlining the life of Brandtner (1896-1969), Cooke discusses the influence of German Expressionism on his work and his own impact in Canada. Quotes by the artist indicate his humanist philosophy on art and life.


Barbara Herrnstein Smith has had a remarkable and prolific career. Originally trained in psychology, she moved into literature, wrote on poetic closure (1968) and edited a volume of Shakespeare's sonnets. She went on to analyse the relation between literature and language in On the Margins of Discourse (1978) and to examine aesthetic and moral theory in Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory (1988), a work cited repeatedly in Andrew Pickering's The Mangle of Practice (1995). Subsequently she edited a volume on The Politics of Liberal Education (1992) with Darryl J. Gless and one on Mathematics, Science and Postclassical Theory (1992) with Arkady Plotnitsky. The former was an intervention in the so-called culture wars, which, as we know in STS, were followed by (and related to) the science wars. In 1997, Smith provided what is still the subtlest diagnosis of the dynamics of these intellectual–political–practical engagements (and nonengagements) in Belief and Resistance: Dynamics of Contemporary Intellectual Controversy. In this book she engaged the field of STS for the first time, analyzing, among other things, principles of symmetry (Bloor) and generalized symmetry (Callon and Latour), and clarifying several of the confusions and misrepresentations these have given rise to in the hands of science warriors. The trajectory shows a continual broadening of interests and a voracious intellectual appetite by an author who is distinctly not worried about crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries. Luckily for the field of STS, that curiosity has increasingly brought Smith into contact with our domain,


Orly Yadid-Pecht, MEMBER SPIE Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Electrical and Computer Engineering Department P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel E-mail: email@example.com Abstract. The work done to provide image sensors (CCDs and CMOS) with a wide dynamic range is reviewed. The different classes of solutions, which consist of logarithmic sensors, ''clipped'' sensors, multimode sensors, frequency-based sensors, and sensors with control over integration time are described. The pros and cons of each solution are discussed, and some new experimental results are shown. Active pixel sensors with a wide dynamic range are analyzed and possible future directions are pointed out. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)01610-4]


Octyl 2-cyanoacrylate was synthesized by an improved synthetic way using octyl 2-cyanoacetate as raw material, which can be employed as a host material of medical adhesive. 71.2% of yield was obtained. It establishes a foundation for research of the improved property based on octyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive.


Abstract: The extraction of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil was carried out by hydrodistillation using aqueous solutions of non ionic surfactants with different hydrophile-lipophile balance. An increase of oil yield with increasing the surfactant hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was observed. The best yield, 1.83 %, was obtained in presence of Tween 20, while the use of Span 80 did not affect the oil yield and its composition. The analysis by CG-MS and GC of essential oils obtained with and without surfactant, allowed the identification of 56 compounds, representing 96.5-97.1% of the total oil, with α-thujone, camphor and 1,8-cineol as major components. The quantitative oils composition helped to provide an insight on how the surfactant is involved in the essential oil extraction.


Collecting real-time traffic flow information is a foundational function in intelligent transportation systems. Video based traffic monitoring system has advantage of installation and maintenance, so it iswidely used for traffic monitoring on main road and crossroad. Shadows result from roadside building or trees are one of the factors that arise errors in video based vehicle detection. An improved method based on edge information is proposed for vehicle detection and shadow rejection. Finally vehicle counting is achieved based on the edge detection method.


Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as the enzyme of adult stem cells secreted from damage cells. In spite of low level of MMP9 enzyme in the mesenchymal stem cells, many inflammatory cytokines stimulation such as TNF-α could increase MMP9 level in cells. Current study evaluated the expression of the MMP9 enzyme under the influence of TNF-α in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were classified into control and experimental groups. In the experimental groups, various concentrations of the TNF-α (1ng/ml and 10ng/ml) were administrated in different times (10 and 24 hours), whereas the control group was not treated with TNF-α. MMP9 gene expression was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. TNF-α administration in 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml dosage for 10 hours, induced the expression of MMP9 1468.3 and 1782.8 times more than the control group, respectively. After 24h, in comparison between 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml with control groups, MMP9 expression were 442.64 and 1184.4 times more than control group, respectively. In conclusion, the expression rate of the MMP9 gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells might be effected by dosage and time of exposure to TNF-α. Furthermore, the time of exposure might have the prominent role in alteration of MMP9 gene expression induction in the mesenchymal stem cells.


The question of the equipoise points and the net value of the option positions has a dominant meaning for every investor in option instruments. Practically both terms are the bearer of the most important information for each investor – where the threshold between the profit and the loss is and how much exactly the concrete profit or loss is from every single position, which the particular investor has opened or intends to open. Compared to the simple option strategies, in specialized literature and scientific studies, the equipoise points and the net value of the advanced option positions (strategies) are not given the necessary treatment and comments. Due to this, even in practice, usually the specialists rely on approximate values for the current condition of their option positions. The present study specifies the techniques of determination the equipoise points and the net value of the compound and combined option positions, including also the multiplied such.


In a letter to Jean-Baptiste Leroy in 1789, Benjamin Franklin wrote 'Our new Constitution is now established, and has an appearance that promises permanency; but in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes'. Death is an inevitable outcome of old age, yet some people will die soon after retirement while others will survive to a ripe old age. What factors help to explain the variation in death (or survival) post-retirement?


Leicestershire has operated an Urban Traffic Control system since 1974 when a fixed time system controlling 96 outstations was installed. By the early 80s expansion capacity had been used up and many parts were obsolete. An account is given of the installation of a new SCOOT system in parts of the central area of Leicester and in Loughborough. The specifications allowed for driver communications and a data management system as well as for traffic control. Features of the system are described including car park occupancy signing and the use of radio broadcasting. The arrangement of control computers, outstations and data transmission and their implementation is described. The use of unrestrained SCOOT was not found particularly beneficial and in some cases was the cause of difficulties. Details are given of the subsequent customisation of SCOOT after a detailed study of each area that it was operating. An assessment was then made of the effects of SCOOT using surveys carried out with 'free' SCOOT, 'customised' SCOOT and with data from the previous fixed time plans. The results are tabulated. It is concluded that to be of value SCOOT must be customised and allowances made for the costs involved. (TRRL)


Problems of standard TV modules employment in optical-electronic video-information system are considered. Recommendations are formulated for dimensioning specifications and power consumption calculations in the case of insufficient initial data on photodetector size in unpackaged single-plate cameras.


As the rst non-overview lecture in this seminar, we will be setting up a lot of notation, getting comfortable working with modular symbols, and then hopefully discussing some of the major inputs which make the theory work. The rst half of the talk we will work through the example of the unique cusp form of weight two and level 11 on X0(11). In the second half, we will bring in the theoretical results, which explain why modular symbols work. The two main results to pay attention to are Th'm 6.2 and Prop 7.6. We include a long discussion about cohomology for example, which won't be necessary in subsequent talks. The relevant material we intend to cover is in Section 1.1 of [BDInv] and Section 1.1 of [BDAnn]. We attempt to follow as closely as possible the notation used in these two papers. The proofs of the formulae can be found in [MTT] though the notation is di erent there. We made extensive use of Rob Pollack and Glenn Stevens' Notes from the AWS [PoSt] as well as unpublished notes of Bellaiche from a course taught at Brandeis [Bel]. We also used an unpublished manuscript of Brian Conrad's on Modular Forms and Galois representations [Con].


The real estate market is characterized by high transaction costs compared to other markets caused by its relative intransparency and the involvement of many agencies. Transaction costs have been widely discussed in relation to the housing market with much attention to the role of public authorities.It is widely accepted that transaction costs prevent the optimal location of residences over households and thus have negative welfare consequences. Much less is known about the nature and impact of transaction costs in commercial real estate.With increasing globalization a better understanding becomes the more relevant Therefore this paper will start with an overview of the types of costs involved in transferring commercial real estate based on desk research. Attention will be paid to the nature of formal and informal, monetary and non monetary costs. In the second part the height and differentiation of usual transaction costs in the EU25 countries will be presented. The required data will be derived partly from public sources, partly from interviews with consultants. Both because of incomplete data and because of the variety of perspectives the presented overview will reflect only a part of reality. Most reliable information concerns formal monetary transfer costs. In the third part explanations for the revealed differences in cost and cost regulations will be presented.Institutional factors are assumed to be partly responsible Recommendations about further research will be formulated.


In the last 3 years injury rates have not changed significantly in the total population of Tatarstan, children and adults. At the same time, the already high rate in adolescents has increased significantly. The trend of the injuries «hardening» has continued in the recent years. In their structure a 3-fold growth was marked of internal injuries of the chest and abdominal area, and combined traumas of pelvis. At the same time the hospitalization of these patients is extremely low compared with other classes of diseases. It is revealed that the type of settlement plays a major role in the rates of disability and mortality from injuries and other external causes: indicators of the rural population are worse than of the urban population.


A method of estimating the optical flow in a noisy image sequence is presented. In this approach a gradient matching procedure is effectively combined with an image differencing technique to obtain displacement vectors between two successive frames. The resulting displacement field is dense, and leads to compact depth maps. The computational cost is shown to be lower than in a simple correlation method. A maximum likelihood estimate is used to characterise the probability of match which can give a local estimate of the noise distribution in the frame sequence. Such knowledge can be used effectively for the determination of displacement vectors in subsequent frames of the image sequence.


Engineers' Handbook of Industrial Microwave HeatingRadio Frequency Heating of Low Moisture FoodRadio Frequency (RF) Heating of FoodAdvances in Microwave and Radio Frequency ProcessingFood PreservationEmerging Technologies for Food ProcessingFood Engineering Innovations Across the Food Supply ChainHeat Transfer in Food ProcessingInnovative Food Processing TechnologiesAdvanced Drying Technologies for FoodsMicrowaves in Food Processing Work at the SIKInstitute,andapplications of Radio Frequency Heating in the EuropeanFoodIndustryFood ProcessingNovel Food ProcessingMathematical Modeling of Food ProcessingMicrowave and Radio Frequency Heating in Food and BeveragesFood Waste RecoverySterilization and Pasteurization of Foods Using Radio Frequency HeatingIntroduction to Food EngineeringInnovative Technologies in Seafood ProcessingAdvances in Food DehydrationIntroduction to Food Process EngineeringPasteurization of Dehydrated Food Powders with Radio Frequency HeatingHeating Behavior Study of Low Moisture Foods in Radio Frequency TreatmentsFood Processing TechnologyMicrobiologically Safe FoodsRadio-Frequency Heating in Food ProcessingHandbook of Research on Food Processing and Preservation TechnologiesContinuous Flow Radio Frequency Heating of Liquid and Particulate FoodsRadio Frequency Heating Applications in the European Food IndustryHandbook of Food Safety EngineeringProgress in Food PreservationAdvances in Food BiotechnologyEncyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological EngineeringThermal Technologies in Food ProcessingHandbook of Food Science, Technology, and EngineeringInternational Advanced Researches & Engineering Congress 2017 Proceeding BookNovel Food Processing TechnologiesComputer Simulation of Radio Frequency (RF) Heating in Dry Food Materials and Quality Evaluation of RF Treated PersimmonsMicrowave and Radio-Frequency Technologies in AgricultureRadio-Frequency Heating in Food Processing


To date, due to the hereditary and exogenous influence on the fetus and their specific role in the period of female twin pregnancy, pathological diseases of the ENT organs are observed with an increase in the number of congenital and acquired diseases associated with them. That is, Diseases of ENT organs are common among children with Monozygotic and dizygotic disorders in the same twin pregnancy compared to the same single fetus due to the birth factor, the risc factors of postpartum, low weight, which are common in twin children during pregnancy, and for some other reason. To assess the role of hereditary and environmental factors and to know the process of disease development, to date, pathological changes in the functions and anatjmical aspects of ENT organs in the Twins are studied.


The HIV status of children with HIV / AIDS results in demands for particular health needs such as a follow-up on their growth and development process, as well as clinical and therapeutic care. Objective: to describe the experience of developing family members/caregivers groups on outpatient health monitoring of children who have HIV/AIDS. Methodology: the actions are organized in an extension Project in a university hospital in Santa Maria/RS that develops group meetings based on dialogue with family members/caregivers. Sharing experiences promotes group knowledge construction and brings respect for the anonymity, for the diagnosis, and for the shared histories. Conclusion: Dialogue space helps with the professional care in the hospital and with family care, making it possible to share experiences, needs and doubts.Such actions promote treatment adherence, morbidity and mortality rates reduction, professionals' education and qualification to care and investigate health needs.


This essay proposes that those seeking to build counter-power institutions and communities learn to think in terms of what I call "recursivity." Recursivity is an anti-authoritarian metric that helps bring about a sensitivity to feedback loops at multiple levels of organization. I begin by describing how technological systems and the socio-economic order co-constitute one-another around efficiency metrics. I then go on to define recursivity as social conditions that contain within them all of the parts and practices for their maturation and expansion, and show how organizations that demonstrate recursivity, like the historical English commons, have been marginalized or destroyed all together. Finally, I show how the ownership of property is inherently antithetical to the closed loops of recursivity. All of this is bookended by a study of urban planning's recursive beginnings.


This document establishes an alternative to mitigate the environmental impact produced by an open-pit mine on water resources. The case study is El Santuario Mine, in the municipality of Ubalá, Cundinamarca. The reports published by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Guavio (CORPOGUAVIO) were used as a source of information, particularly to know the water quality of the surrounding rivers and streams of El Santuario Mine. A normative and a statistical analysis were carried out, with the aim to find the impact that the mine has on the water resource. Considering this information, the parameters that were out of the limits established by the Colombian regulations were identified. Finally, different water treatment alternatives were proposed for the mine based on studies done throughout the world.


The Increasing Effects of Traumatic Events.
A review essay on a book by Jolande Withuis, Erkenning. Van oorlogstrauma naar klaagcultuur ([Recognition. Postwar Trauma of the Complaint Culture] Amsterdam: De Bezige Big, 2002). The theme of the book is the belated recognition of the traumatic effects of WWII and the subsequent emergence of a 'culture of complaint' in the Netherlands since the 1970s. This article focuses on the social context of this development from a long-term perspective. According to Withuis, public opinion after the war was dominated by the idea that the Dutch nation as a whole had struggled heroically against the common enemy and by worries about a moral breakdown afterwards. As a consequence, the Jewish survivors of the genocide were under pressure to keep silent. Only 20 years later did the possibilities for speaking out about this and many other traumas increase significantly, in connection with processes of democratization and 'emancipation of emotions.' Unfortunately, according to Withuis, this ended in a culture of complaint and a proliferation of dubious claims by all kinds of self-defined victims. This is only one part of the story, however. Postwar changes can be understood within the framework of the long-term trend of growing networks of human interdependence, which is the basic condition for, on the one hand, the growing scale of potentially traumatizing events (wars, terrorism, disasters, media events) and, on the other, the tendency toward widening identification with victims and increasing sensitivity to pain. The interactions among involved groups who together 'produce' recognized traumas (victims, therapists, government officials, lawyers, journalists) are viewed from this long-term and figurational perspective. Adapted from the source document.


The technique of femtosecond laser-induced inscription of fiber Bragg gratings creates a structure in the optical fiber that can be used effectively as a sensor especially when deployed in harsh environments. Depending on the optical fiber chosen and the inscription parameters that are used, devices can be made that are suitable for sensing applications involving high temperature, pressure, ionizing radiation, and strain. Such devices are appropriate for aerospace or energy production applications where there is a need for components, instrumentation, and controls that can function in harsh environments. This paper will present a review of some of the more recent developments in this field.


The decision of whether to repair or replace a damaged prestressed concrete bridge girder can be very difficult when a reliable estimate of prestress remaining in the strands is not available. A prototype instrument has been developed to estimate stress levels in exposed prestressed strands in existing members. The stress level is determined by application of a lateral force to an exposed strand and measuring the resulting displacement. The instrument was calibrated for 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) diameter seven-wire strand with exposed lengths of 1.5 to 3.75 ft (0.46 to 1.14 m). It was tested to determine its accuracy, precision, and usefulness in the field. Strand forces were consistently estimated to within 10 percent of the actual load. The device was also utilized in the placement of strand splices and was found to be more reliable in checking induced strand tensions than the standard torque wrench method.


Provides a priori historical experiences and illustrations of several roles played by health practitioners in applied injury prevention. Reviews various models and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. Suggests guidelines for program management. Language: en


A.TOLE STEEL SURFACE TREATED FOR A PAINT APPLICATION. B.LA SHEET STEEL SURFACE TREATED STEEL SHEET INCLUDES BASIC LAYER ALLOY IRON-ZINC FILED BASED ON PLATE IN A QUANTITY OF AT LEAST 0,1GM AND AN IRON CONTENT OF BETWEEN 3 AND 30 ON THE LAYER OF IRON ALLOY ZINC, ON REMOVAL OF COMPOSITE LAYER sILICATE AND rESIN IN A QUANTITY OF BETWEEN 0.05 AND 5,0GM. LAYER RESIN CONSISTS OF ACRYLIC COPOLYMER, EPOXY RESIN A, A GROUND SILICA AND A COMPOUND trialkoxysilane. SURFACE TREATED ENSURES BEST FITNESS FOR PAINTING, BETTER RESISTANCE DEGREASING AND IMPROVED CORROSION RESISTANCE AFTER APPLICATION OF PAINTING C.Application. SHEET METAL PROCESSING STEEL AS A MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION OR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPLIANCES.


In this paper, we present the preliminary performance of four methods for text-independent speaker identification using speech transmitted over radio channels. In a previous paper [1], we showed that for both laboratory-quality and simulated noisy-channel data in a single-session paradigm, new probabilistic classifiers yielded performance superior to that of a minimum distance classifier. We have recently compiled a speech database consisting of speech transmissions over a radio-channel. The lower quality and higher variability of this database differ markedly from the laboratory-quality databases often used in speech processing research. We present preliminary results with the same four methods of text-independent speaker identification using the radio-channel database with several experimental paradigms including multi-session paradigms. These results show that the probabilistic methods perform significantly better than a minimum-distance classifier for the multi-session paradigm.


1Researcher, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 2Researcher, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 3Researcher, Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 5Researcher, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 6Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, 7Professor, Division of Medical Law and Bioethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 8Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine


Abstract The hidden vacancy rate reflects the adjustments of the market vacancy rate that may occur in the future, in the event of a change in market conditions. Its occurrence results from the fact that the current level of rented office space reflects the demand based on past levels of rent and past predictions of changes in the tenants' demand for space during the term of the lease. Thus, the level of total, occupied office space at given moment does not result from demand based on the current market rent. This is the result of the duration of lease agreements concluded for more than one period. The hidden vacancy rate is also related to the costs of searching for office space that meets the specific criteria of tenants, removal costs and office space adaptation costs. The hidden vacancy rate cannot be observed in the market, but can be determined based on available market data. The article presents the concept of a hidden vacancy rate. Next, the presented theory was used to determine the dynamics of the hidden vacancy rate in a narrow and broad approach in the market of modern office space in Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and Poznan. The obtained results were compared to two mature office space markets in Western Europe. The study shows differences in the formation of the hidden vacancy rate on the market characterized by a relatively large total stock of available office space in relation to markets being at an earlier stage of development.


The Republic of Belarus lies in between Russia and Poland, and to the north of Ukraine. It has a population of 10 million and a complicated history; parts of Belarus were in Poland and parts in Russia. When within the USSR, policies were adopted, especially in the 1980s, that were at the expense of member parts of the Union. The Chernobyl power plant was built in the Ukraine, near the southern border of Belarus. When the Chernobyl disaster happened on 26 April 1986 (Mould 1988; Park 1989), for three days running the wind blew in the direction of Belarus and we received about 60% of the total fallout. It was not the fault of the Ukraine, but ultimately that of a bureacratized society of over-confident technocrats. About one-fifth of Belarus, as a region which acquired autonomy in July 1991 upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been affected to the extent that we have had to organize large resettlements of people, and we now have 300 km2 of land seriously affected and unfit for human habitation, surrounded by a wider circle of about 10 000 km2 which is taken to be endangered, and this within a country of 220 000 km2. Both before and after independence, Belarus' resources have been enormously drained by this disaster.


A refinement of manifold data is a computational process, which produces a denser set of discrete data from a given one. Such refinements are closely related to multiresolution representations of manifold data by pyramid transforms, and approximation of manifold-valued functions by repeated refinements schemes. Most refinement methods compute each refined element separately, independently of the computations of the other elements. Here we propose a global method which computes all the refined elements simultaneously, using geodesic averages. We analyse repeated refinements schemes based on this global approach, and derive conditions guaranteeing strong convergence.


The influence of the Au-concentration in OLB-solder fillets on the contact reliability is shown. The quantitative analysis of the AUcontent is in accordance with the estimated concentrations using the geometrical data. The Au-concentration is the major influence factor on the thermal aging behaviour of OLB-contacts. A change in the failure mechanism due to Kirkendall porosity is observed if a AUconcentration of 9 wt% in the solder fillet is reached. The pores formed during diffusion at the interface between copper and the temary intermetallic compound CugAugSng cause a strong degradation of pull forces. For low Au-concentrations. the degradation of pull-forces and the growth of the ternary compounds CuAugSng and CuAuqSng have comparable activation energies in the range of 0.3 eV. For higher Au-concentrations the two effects show different values. "he activation energy of pull-force degradation increases significantly up to 0.67 eV, whereas the growth constant of the temary compound shows a small increase to 0.4 eV. The investigations show evidence of a critical Au-concentration in OLBcontacts. Kirkendall pore formation causes higher activation energies for the pull-test degradation compared to the activation energy for the growth rate of the temary compound.


Maskless lithography based on electron beam parallelization requires well adapted data links, capable of transmitting the corresponding data volume at rates up to the Tbps domain. In this paper we focus on a scalable (24 - 140 Gbps) optical data link, well adapted for future implementation in maskless lithography systems. The link comprises a high-speed data buffer with synchronizable architecture and scalable throughput (N x 24 Gbps), an optical free space transmission solution, a 45 channel low-noise optical receiver chip based on BiCMOS 0.6 micron technology and, finally, a Data Processor & Demux IP core implemented in VHDL.


This study was conducted by locating  Village Credit Institutions (LPD) in Blahbatuh District, The respondents selected in this study were the Head of the Village Credit Institution (LPD), the Village Credit Institution Supervisory Agency (LPD), and the credit department staff, so that 102 respondents were obtained from 36 Village Credit Institutions (LPD) Blahbatuh District, Gianyar. The analytical are used in this study is using SPSS for multiple regression analysis. the following conclusions can be drawn. shows that all proposed hypotheses are obtained with positive values and there is a significant effect


Objective In order to explore the effect of
intracellular signal transduction on apoptosis of cord blood mononuclear cells. Methods
Intracellular calcium concentration, protein kinase A (PAK) activity, and the effect of PMA, which
is the activator of protein kinase C (PKC) on apoptosis of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC)
were determined in CBMC with the control of normal adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC). Results There were no differences in calcium concentrations between CBMC and
PBMC before or after stimulation of antiCD3. PMA could completely correct the CBMC apoptosis
induced by antiCD3. Spontanous PKA activities in CBMC cultured for 2 hours in absence of
mitogen increased from 1.99 to 2.37 (P0.01). While PKA activities in PBMC decreased.
Conclusion The imbalance of intracellular signal transduction might be the main cause of
apoptosis induced by antiCD3 in CBMC. But spontanous apoptosis in CBMC might related to
increased PKA activities.


Reactivity of porous glass with organosilicones, alcohols, cyclic compound and organohalogens was studied. The density of the introduced organic functional groups from the reaction of organosilicones without steric hindrance was 2.5-4.5μmol·m-2. On the other hand, the density decreased to 20-50% by the reaction of organosilicones with steric hindrance such as dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane and triphenylchlorosilane. The density of the organic functional groups from the reaction of alcohols was 2.77-7.75μmol·m-2, except for t-butanol. When porous glass was treated with alcohols, the density depended on the pore structure of porous glass. The porous glass had a slight reactivity with iodides, but no reaction was observed with bromide and chloride.


Summary An epidemic of influenza B occurred in the recruit population at U.S. Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, Ill., during the Spring of 1954. Data were presented on the 37 strains isolated from individuals who were ill with an acute respiratory disease. The recently isolated influenza type B viruses are antigenically different from the 1940 Lee B. The complement-fixation test was of value only when antigens employed were prepared from the current epidemic strain of influenza B.


Mounting accuracy of satellite payload and ADCS (attitude determination and control subsystem) seats is one of the requirements to achieve the satellite mission with satisfactory performance. Deviation of the position of the mounting seat for Multi-Band-Earth-Imager (MBEI) is caused by cracks in the plate of the basis unit and bracket for attachment of MBEI. These cracks were detected during inspection of the satellite strength mock-up after vibration testing for air transportation phase. Most probable reason of the cracking is fatigue damage as strength mock-up structure was subjected to prolonged vibration loading during various loading cases. Total vibration duration during testing is about 56 hours. In order to study the cracking reasons, finite element modeling of the structural parts of the basis unit including MBEI bracket and instrument MBEI is subjected to harmonic response to simulate vibration loading for the case of air transportation. Numerical results are compared with the experimental ones, and mechanical design of the basis-plate unit is modified.


"Life course" refers to the sequence of activities and events in various domains throughout the stages of life. It has been argued that the life course was standardized and institutionalized, but that, since the 1980s, it has become de-standardized or increasingly diversified. Various types of risks have emerged and intensified. This paper suggests that these risks have led to a re-standardized life course, though with greater variations, in developed East Asian societies. It also examines the potential risks ? Transitional Life Course Risk, Compressed Life Course Risk and Alternative Life Course Risk - that have resulted from these changes and the tensions between individuals and systems.


This thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of yacht sails using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid structure interaction (FSI) modelling.

The modelling of yacht sails using RANS based CFD and the SST turbulence model is justified with validation against wind tunnel studies (Collie, 2005; Wilkinson, 1983). The CFD method is found to perform well, with the ability to predict flow separation, velocity and pressure profiles satisfactorily. This work is extended to look into multiple sail interaction and the impact of the mast upon performance.

A FSI solution is proposed next, coupling viscous RANS based CFD and a structural code capable of modelling anistropic laminate sails (RELAX, 2009). The aim of this FSI solution is to offer the ability to investigate sails' performance and flying shapes more accurately than with current methods. The FSI solution is validated with the comparison to flying shapes of offwind sails from a bespoke wind tunnel experiment carried out at the University of Nottingham. The method predicted offwind flying shapes to a greater level of accuracy than previous methods.

Finally the CFD and FSI solution described here above is showcased and used to model a full scale Volvo Open 70 racing yacht, including multiple offwind laminate sails, mast, hull, deck and twisted wind profile. The model is used to demonstrate the potential of viscous CFD and FSI to predict performance and aid in the design of high performance sails and yachts. The method predicted flying shapes and performance through a range of realistic sail trims providing valuable data for crews, naval architects and sail designers.


We demonstrate large-scale fabrication of high-quality contaminant-free graphene devices, which is a key prerequisite for chemical functionalization applications. We investigate CVD graphene grown on Cu foil, subsequently transferred to Si/SiO2 substrates. Patterning of graphene and metal evaporation for making contact wires and pads are performed through a multi-step mechanical stencils methodology. Microand nanolithography through stencil masks is already well known, but graphene device fabrication has seldom been achieved. In addition, the challenge remains to keep its outstanding electrical properties intact. In order to prove the robustness of the devices fabricated with this nonconventional lithography method, we have performed low-temperature magnetotransport measurements on cross-bar shaped devices. Our results show the existence of Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and Quantum Hall (QH) Effect, the two hallmarks of good quality graphene. The corresponding Raman spectroscopy maps show a low D peak and a 2D/G peak ratio of ~3, a further evidence for a defect-free monolayer graphene device. Despite a certain degree of amorphization at the edges, the QH edge states remain robust so as to allow the circulation of charge carriers. To further characterize the disorder in graphene devices we study quantum transport properties, sensitive to the nature of disorder in graphene. The presence of disorder (lattice defects, adsorbed species, folds, ripples) entails Interand Intra-valley scattering processes as a result of symmetry breaking at either A-B site or between adjacent valleys K, K'. Thus, depending on the intrinsic disorder, presence of external potentials due to trapped charges in the oxide or at the interface, conventional weak localization or weak (anti-) localization (WAL) can be observed in accordance with the recent WAL theory on graphene. We use this theory to fit the experimental magnetoconductance data and extract the values of scattering terms, validating the excellent intrinsic properties our samples. Finally, we show that this technique can be extended to more complex geometries and smaller device feature sizes.


Little is known about disease‐related disclosure (DD) in patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). We aim to investigate DD behaviors and to explore which socio‐demographic, clinical and psychological factors play a role in this self‐disclosure process among patients with RMDs.


Recent advances in laser scanning techniques have allowed for a wide variety of applications and therefore the adaption of laser scanners (LS), both airborne laser scanners (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), is increasing in many science disciplines. Soil erosion is not an exception, where advances in soil erosion detection and measurement techniques are a crucial step in the reduction of errors and uncertainties in soil erosion models. In this paper, topographic datasets captured by different laser scanning devices were tested in order to quantify the soil erosion by water using different software-types. An experimental protocol based on iterative processes of data capturing and processing on field plots are the essential points of the methodology. In the selected experimental site, five plots were defined and scanned before and after removing manually some soil volume, as would occur during any soil erosion process. Later on, the eroded materials were weighted at the laboratory and their volume calculated considering their bulk density. The scanned dataset (i.e. point cloud) was also adjusted and calibrated at the maximum possible resolution in relation to the device capacity (i.e. accuracy and spot size divergence). Subsequently, soil erosion in each plot was calculated with the available software-types and both laser-calculated and manual-weighted results were compared from each scan using different software-types. Results revealed that soil erosion measured with laser scanning techniques is good when adequate calibration at adequate spatial resolution is performed. Moreover, the combination of hardware and software has led to a variety of results which highlight the importance of the algorithm used by each software-type. Furthermore, soil erosion measured with TLS vary considerably in relation to the software used, and thus the values reported without indication to the software might be doubtful and should be used with caution in hydrological modelling.


Starting from Hangzhou library microblog event,this thesis puts forward the thoughts on the significant meaning of library promotion job to the public library development,the importance of library promotion job,and the suggested strategies and measures to improve the promotion job.In accordance with the practice of Chengdu library,the thesis comes up with the conclusion that the most effective approach to maintain prosperity and development of library is to enhance the public library promotion job.


In this article the authors considered occurrence and development history of the Russian accounting in small enterprises. Peculiarities of historical development of the enterprises and their inseparable connection with the history of Russia were taken into account. Moreover, the authors sorted out the stages and the corresponding development periods of accounting for small enterprises. The authors offered the ways to improve accounting for small enterprises in Russia during the periods of IFRSoriented accountancy.


While front line customer service employees' motivation and ability to provide high quality customer service is paramount for firm performance, it is unclear how employees' internal resources may interact with organizational support. This paper advances a theoretical model for the possible interactive effects between customer service employees' job resourcefulness and the external resource support provided by the organization, in the form of formal training, informal coaching, and rewarding mechanism, in determining the employees' levels of commitment to customer service quality and the development of customer service skill proficiency. An exploratory study conducted on a sample of 98 student employees at a mid sized university campus recreation center provides a first insight into the forms taken by such interactive effects and the resultant implications for the customer service employees' job outcomes.


In our nervous system information is carried in the form of electrical signals that are generated and transduced by the function of ion channels present in the membrane of the neurons (Hille, 2001). Ion channels allow the permeation of ions over the cell membrane, which results in a potential difference between the extracellular space and the intracellular side of the cell. This basic mechanism is accomplished by hundreds of different ligand or voltage-gated ion channels. In fact, ion channel proteins are at the basis of neuronal network activity and a dysregulation of their functions can thus have grievous consequences. Based on the diversity of ion channels and their unique expression pattern in the different cells within the nervous system, malfunctions of these proteins are described to cause a multitude of different neuronal disorders. Indeed, among the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, 18% are targeting ion channels (Santos et al., 2016). Decades of studies have shown the pertinent role of ion channels in stirring and sustaining basic cellular and synaptic processes within the neuronal networks of the PNS and CNS. Despite our current knowledge of ion channel contributions to neuronal mechanisms and their subsequent involvement in the development, manifestation and progression of neuropathologies, more research is necessary to decipher the molecular programs that keep our neuronal networks in tune and the role of ion channels therein. Only a detailed understanding of the physiological and pathological functioning of ion channels in our nervous system can provide us with the necessary knowhow in order to develop novel treatment strategies to combat the many severe neuropathologies that are linked to ion channel malfunctions, with the overarching goal to alleviate patient suffering. This Research Topic includes three original research papers and one review article from prominent researchers in the field and provides insights into recent advances in the field of transient receptor potential (TRP), voltage-gated sodium (NaV) and voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels. OPEN ACCESS


In recent years hyperspectral remote sensing has been widely used in the applications of geology agriculture forest ocean etc. This work assessed the feasibility of hyperspectral technique in coastal zone remote sensing. Data was acquired by Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer (OMIS). Field spectrum of each class was measured and analyzed to extract certain spectral feature. We proffer a hybrid decision tree classification algorithm combined with optimum spectral features of class pairs to every tree node and step by step classified out coastal vegetation water body rocky shore sand beach mudflat and artificial objects etc. The results show that hyperspectral data can be used to classify coastal landscape more accurate than multispectral image.


This paper presents a reform of the structure of the Italian personal incometax (IRPEF) which combines a plurality of objectives: simplifying the tax and smoothing thecurves of the tax rates; increasing the transparency and comprehensibility of the tax for thetaxpayer; providing tax authorities with a tool that can be used for purposes of redistributionin a simple and effective way. A tax function radically different from the current one is proposed,moving from the progressivity by marginal tax rates/income brackets to a continuousaverage tax rate schedule. Specifically, the curve of the average tax rates is derived by imposingconstant elasticity of the after-tax income (residual income progression) for a large rangeof taxable incomes. The paper presents some tentative simulations of the effects of this reformon tax yield and redistribution based on tax returns data in 2018.


PhotoCathoDe - PCD - elements act as 'image intensifier' for image displayed on multiplexed Liquid Crystal Display - LCD - matrix.


Accurate measurement of temperature is very important for monitoring or controlling the production process. Development of radiation thermometers has been remarkable in recent years. However, to measure accurate temperature, the infrared radiation thermometry have to calibrate emissivities of objects. Without calibration of emissivities, serious error is appears. This error can be reduced, if radiation of shorter wavelength, such as the ultra-violet range, is observed. UV radiation thermometry can measure temperature distributions of the stainless steel TIG weld pool accurately without correcting the emissivity.


In this paper we discuss some computational experiments on simulating refinery operations. We compare an integrated approach with recursively solving a production planning and sales planning problem. We test two different descriptions of the demand behaviour. The first is based on a fixed lower and upper limit and the second on a demand that varies with the product price. We also test the impact of different number of time periods in the planning horizon. We simulate the behaviour when detailed information of the demand is available.


Action selection during decision-making depends on the basal ganglia circuits that comprise the direct and indirect pathways known to oppositely control movement. However, the mechanism for coordinating these opponent pathways during decision-making remains unclear. We address this by employing deep-brain two-photon imaging and optogenetic manipulations of the direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) in the posterior striatum during an auditory decision-making behavior. We show that while dSPNs and iSPNs play opposite causal roles during decision-making, each subtype contains divergent ensembles preferring different choices. The ensembles in dSPNs show stronger contralateral dominance than those in iSPNs manifested by higher-level activation and synchronization. Consistent with this asymmetrical contralateral dominance, optogenetic disinhibition of both pathways promoted contralateral choices. A computational model incorporating the striatal ensemble asymmetry recapitulated the causal behavioral effects. Our results uncover the asymmetry between opponent SPN ensembles as a circuit mechanism for action selection during decision-making.


Recent applications of acoustical model testing to building design are described. The correlation of guidance so derived with other means of evaluation is stressed. Examples of application are: the determination of achievable ratios of direct to envelopmental and to reverberant sound levels in auditorium design, and correlation with recommended ratios derived from auditorium synthesis; sound isolation design for open office plans and correlation with calculations and full‐scale measurements; sound isolation design for combined dining and entertainment spaces, and correlation with objective design criteria. As heretofore, the value of modeling is stressed in situations where acoustical design is much too complex for assurance and responsibility based on theory alone.


According to the size effect, small cap securities generally generate greater returns than those of large cap securities. Our study confirms that the size effect does exist in the French stock market, but the difference cannot be explained by the beta levels. It is important to recognize the sign of the excess market return when testing the beta-return relationship. A test of the beta return relationship on the sign of the excess market return finds a significant relationship between conditional beta and returns. However, it seems that the conditional beta does not explain the size effect.


To deepen the understanding of vicious mockery,an important and controversial phenomenon of contemporary mass culture,an analysis is made on aesthetic logic and social value in the view of aesthetic culture,and it is considered that vicious mockery is a type of parody,which provokes laughter by imitating the style of a famous works in an amusing way.Under the postmodern background,parody in the vicious mockery turns to pastiche.Due to the deliberate mocking at classics and authority,vicious mockery is considered as a vicious means of comic writing.It is,however,a misreading,for vicious mockery is only a game of deconstruction and carnival.


Extracted from text ... SAESI News
A beautiful May morning welcomed some of the country's most
talented volleyball-playing fire-fighters to the annual SAESI
National Volleyball Tournament.
Hosted by the KwaZulu-Natal branch, this year's contest was
staged in the provincial capital, Pietermaritzburg, also known to the
locals as their 'city of choice'.
The eleven competing teams doubled last year's turnout, perhaps
due to warmer weather and great hospitality.
Teams had travelled from as far as Cape Town, Middelberg,
Pretoria and Ekhuruleni to join three teams from Pietermaritzburg
and three from Durban. Port Elizabeth was rumoured to have sent
a team but they were not in evidence.
The tournament was played at the YMCA indoor sports arena,
close to ..


Based on the model of integrated evaluation on vehicle inherent reliability which is made of three single evaluation indexes: mean time between failures (MTBF), mean time to first failure (MTTFF) and equivalent failure rate, using the object oriented programming method and ADO database access technique, and taking Visual Studio 2010 as a development tool and SQL Server 2008 as the database, the program of index evaluation for inherent reliability of vehicle is developed, function modules of the program are designed as follows: basic data collection module of inherent reliability, inherent reliability indexes evaluation module and inherent reliability qualified vehicle model management module ect. The specific functions are vehicle inherent reliability indexes evaluation, inherent reliability qualified vehicle model query, reports generation and print. Actual application shows that the program could evaluate vehicle inherent reliability effectively.


Energy needs of the petroleum fuel (BBM) as fossil-based diesel, gasoline and kerosene in various countries in the world in recent years has increased sharply. While the availability of backup fuel sources become more limited. In addition, the level of air pollution from exhaust gases of fossil fuel combustion products are increasingly alarming. In this case, the government has encouraged the development of alternative energy sources, one of which is the production of ethanol. We can take advantage of the raw materials and the abundant amount of sap that will certainly improve the efficiency and production of bioethanol production process and to optimize the utilization of palm sap. As a solution of ethanol production is spurring efforts to improve the productivity of ethanol from palm sap continuously because there are constraints on conventional fermentation product ethanol concentration and low productivity. Continuous fermentation with cell immobilization technique followed by the extraction process in addition to improving productivity and yield, as well as to reduce energy demand in the distillation process. To that end, research is necessary for the production of ethanol with the advantages of integration and low energy processes which can further be used as a basic design for the design and construction of small-scale industries. The study of ethanol production from palm sap continuously performed by a combination of cell immobilization fermentation in packed bed bioreactor, followed by continuous


Objective To introduce a method for serial paraffin section and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the Amphioxus Methods Leica EG1150 Modular Tissue Embedding Center(consisting of the Leica EG1150 C Cold Plate and the Leica EG1150 H Heated Paraffin Dispensing Module),Leica VT1000S Vibrating Blade Microtome,Leica HI1210-Waterbath,Leica HI1220-Flattening Table were utilized to produce the serial paraffin sections as well as obtaining hematoxylin-eosin staining of the Amphioxus.By comparing the appearance changes and microscopic images of the Amphioxus repetitively step by step,we found out the appropriate time course of every procedure.Results We attained clear hematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections in that way.The sections of head,thorax,abdomen and tail were selected as the four representatives,the structures of notochord,neural tube,pharyngeal gill,ovary,myomere,intestine of the Amphioxus were clearly distinguished.Conclusion We established a successful method for serial paraffin section and hematoxylin-eosin staining of Amphioxus,and provided a new way for the further research in origin of vertebrates.


This research is based on the theory of uses and gratification with regard to active audiences, and deeply explores the audiences' listening motivations, listening behaviors, and listening gratification. In terms of personality traits, this study also discovers some essential dimensions of audiences' characteristics by way of the factor analysis on psychographics. Findings, in turn, could be helpful to profile and to target the audience more effectively regarding program planning in general, and audience segmentation in specifical. Gathering samples through the on-line questionnaires and the personal interview ones, this research generates valid samples of 2183. Some important findings are as follows: There exists a significant correlation between the personality trait and listening behavior, listening motivation, and listening gratification. The personality traits of heavily listening audiences tend to be moral conservative, more even-tempered, and more introverted. Further, the persons with conservative personality traits have the strongest listening motivation and obtain the most gratification. Regarding listening frequency and previous listening experiences, both are positively related with listening motivation, and satisfaction. The most powerful predicators to audiences' gratification emerge from applying the stepwise regression analysis.


We have conducted standard penetration tests and static cone penetration tests that are widely used the land base examination on the soft ground subsurface of Yongdong area, and examined the correlation between them. We have also made a comparative analysis of the correlation between the indoor tests on the materials collected on the site and on-the-spot penetration tests. The results are as follows : The relationship between Standard Penetration Test N-value and Dutch Cone Tset show for organic soil, for clay, for silt, for silty sand, and for sand. In this case of sand increases when the soil particles are larger. The relationship between standard penetration test N-value and Unconfined Compression Strength show for organic soil, for clay, and for silt.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the design problem of a multidimensional IIR notch filter. To address this issue, a 3-D recursive digital notch filter is considered. A closed-form analytical solution of the notch filter is firstly derived and used for its realisation. The latter is achieved through two types of filters: i) a 3-D IIR straight line filter and ii) 3-D IIR filter with order 111 based on all-pass sections. The straight-line filter is designed by frequency transformation of 3-D analogue prototype filter where a prescribed notch frequency is localised. The IIR filter is realised in proposed lattice structure as a cascade of all-pass sections where the 3-dB bandwidth of the notch filter can be adjusted by the lattice coefficient of the IIR filter independently.


A special cabinet was designed to protect the operator, during post-mortem examinations on animals infected with pathogenic organisms, against the risk of enhaling infected material and the surrounding area from becoming contaminated. The cabinet was suitable for small animals including mice and guinea-pigs.


There is a great significance for engineering structure durability on red clay-cemented soil complex mass eroded organic acid. To research the corrosion mechanisms,choose Kunming red claycemented soil complex mass specimens to conduct 200 d immersion test under salicylic acid solution with pH value at 3. 5 and 4. 0. Specimen appearances and the acid consumption changes with time were observed to analyze the corrosion and mechanisms of the complex mass under salicylic acid solution. The results show that the corrosion process consists of the gear down period and the steady period,and the decomposition dissolution to the cement hydration products that connecting the complex mass plays the primary erosion role.


We study the differences in multifractal properties of rate of dissipation and related fields such as ${\mathit{du}}^{2}$/dt, (\ensuremath{\partial}u/\ensuremath{\partial}t${)}^{2}$, and (\ensuremath{\partial}u/\ensuremath{\partial}x${)}^{2}$ as well as enstrophy and enstrophy generation. It is argued that these differences can result from local anisotropy of the flow properties in subregions with high values of corresponding fields. Local ``cascades'' of such quantities as helicity and inviscid helicity generation are considered in this connection. A number of results from laboratory experiments and field observations are analyzed in the context of the above differences and related problems.


The recently developed "quenching and partitioning" (Q&P) and "quenching–partitioning–tempering" heat treatment are both novel processing technologies, which are aim to achieve advanced high strength steels with good combination of high strength and ductility. Containing certain amount of ductile austenite phase is a key characteristic of the Q&P steel, and austenite phase is being enriched with carbon during the partitioning treatment. However, the microstructural evolution of the Q&P steel during the heat treatment is rather complicated. In present work, evolution of microstructure in medium carbon steel containing Cr, Mo, and Nb has been studied in detail during the Q&P process. The microstructural evolution of the steel was investigated in terms of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope.


In the face of increasing road users, vehicle stops began to mushroom and irregular. Parking management is required to regulate and supervise the parking of the city, including in the management of parking lots. If parking management in a city goes well, not only provide convenience for parking users, but parking can be one of the potential sources of regional revenue to increase the native income of the area. The method used in this study is descriptive with qualitative approach. The data collection techniques that researchers do using interviews, observations and documentation. Actions on data analysis are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification and using david L. Weimer and Aidan R. Vining's policy implementation theory which includes policy logic, the environment in which the policy is operated, and the ability of policy implementors. The results of this study can be known that the Implementation of Parking Levy Policy by the Department of Transportation in Increasing Local Revenue In Karawang District has been running quite well. But based on research in the field there are still problems that need to be addressed in order to improve the results of the implementation of this parking levy policy.


In the spring semester of the academic year 2016/2017, I attended the Msc2 design studio Housing under the Himalaya. During the experience I discovered my interest in the link between affordable construction in developing countries and the the world of vernacular architecture. I've been fascinated by the sense of deep truth and honesty that spontaneous "architecture without-architects" emanates and at the same time by the almost accidental holistic approach that it embodies. It boasts the incredible feature that its value is generally determined by its non-value value in term of materials and construction process – and that this simple characteristic determines a revolutionary quality in terms of sustainability. My main hypothesis is that several contemporary issues regarding the mitigation and the adaptation of the built environment to the effect of climate change could be solved finding the meaning of innovation in the inspiration given from ancient concepts.


In high-power CO2 laser welding, in addition to well- known stable heat conduction welding (HCW) and stable deep penetration welding (DPW), the authors have found a third welding process: unstable-mode welding (UWM). UMW has the feature of the two welding modes (HCW and DPW) appearing intermittently. The physical characteristics of the three welding processes and the features of their weld formation have been described. By synthesizing the effects of laser power, focal position and travel speed on welding mode and welding process, the laser welding mode-transition curves which include three kinds of welding process have been obtained. The curves precisely indicate the welding- parameter ranges of three different welding processes. During laser welding, the thermal focusing of the lens will change the focal position and may cause transition of welding mode and fluctuation of penetration and weld width. The relationships between lens focal shift, laser power and beam irradiation time have been investigated. By using welding mode-transition curve, the influence of thermal focusing on welding mode and welding process has been studied, and measures for prevention of welding process instability induced by thermal focusing have also been suggested.


The vaporization enthalpy of valpromide and both diasteriomers of valnoctamide have been evaluated by correlation gas chromatography as has the fusion and sublimation enthalpy of valpromide. Values...


Chomsky and Stowell attribute an asymmetry in noun and verb complement systems to how these categories assign Case. Here, Case assignment is dependent on structural configurations that θ-role theory determines; it is the latter which explains asymmetries in the noun and verb complement systems. Several predicate attribute and Vk (clausal) complement types are examined, and all confirm the θ-role theory in which V can assign θ-roles directly to sisters of any phrasal type, while N and A can assign θ-roles only "indirectly," to Ymax appearing in PP structures. This predicts the new patterns examined here, as well as the asymmetry in how objects of verbs and derived nominals are syntactically realized.


Introduction The development of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) as originally outlined some years ago (Beer, et al. 1997) has very much followed an ad hoc pattern, depending on local demand and local champions. Likewise, the way in which individual PICUs have become embedded in the provision of general psychiatric services, to a defined catchment area or district, has not been systematically studied. The location of units varies, from being part of an acute general hospital with other wards on site, to stand-alone buildings, within or outside a general or mental hospital area. A further problem is that there has been no established consensus as to the siting or size of adult psychiatric inpatient units, although the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Report, Not Just Bricks and Mortar (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1998), attempted to look at these issues in the context of new developments and their appropriate conformation, staffing and setting. Of course, general psychiatric services are much more than just 'bricks and mortar', their components being a comprehensive provision of care for individuals with a wide range of disorders, and thus requiring a combination of diagnostic and treatment skills, with multidisciplinary staffing, for both inpatient and community-based services. It is now generally accepted that a pragmatic balance of both community and hospital services is necessary in all areas (Thornicroft and Tansella 2004), and that general adult psychiatry must integrate care, as seamlessly as possible, from the GP surgery to the inpatient unit, and back out into the community.


Minyin Zhengdu Biao, published in 1919, is a reference book for Fuzhou dialect speakers learning Mandarin. Through detailed analysis of this book, this article explores the Mandarin phonology existing in the Min area in the late Qing and early Republic.


Mutants of cyanobacteria defective in parts of the CO2-concentrating mechanism are classified into three types. (i) Mutants defective in inorganic carbon transporters. One of these mutants was constructed by inactivating cmpA encoding 42 kDa protein in the cytoplasmic membrane. (ii) Mutants defective in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(s). There are five ndhD genes in Synechocystis PCC6803, two of them expressed constitutively and three inducible by low CO2. Two kinds of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase appear to be involved in energizing and inducing the high affinity inorganic carbon transport system. (iii) Mutants defective in carboxysome with impaired ccm or icfA genes. New type of mutants with impaired cotA (renamed as pxcA) have also been isolated. These mutants did not show light-induced proton extrusion and were unable to grow at acidic pHs. A mutant constructed by inactivating cotA (pxcA) in the wild-type Synechocystis was unable to transport CO2 at pH 6.5. We concluded that cotA (pxcA) has a role in light-induced proton extrusion that is essential at acidic pHs to extrude protons produced during CO2 transport.


Proceeding from the significance of portresource allocation,this paper,on the basis of in-depth investigation and research,analyzes the current situation of Zhejiang′s main seaports,and drawing on the experience of main allocation modes of seaports abroad,puts forward suggestions on how to enhance the competence of Zhejiang′s main seaports through resource allocation.


This
dissertation shows how diversity management and leadership relate to
inclusiveness in public organizations and individual employee and team
outcomes. Inclusiveness is about team members feeling they belong to the group,
while they can have their own unique identities. Inclusive leadership
stimulates this by encouraging diverse team members to value, exchange, discuss
and learn from their different backgrounds, perspectives and ideas.
Inclusiveness in turn contributes to employees' organizational commitment and
involvement. This is particularly required in a changing society demanding of
public organizations to be adaptive and responsive.


Aflatoxins are extremely potent natural carcinogens and a major food safety concern because of potential contamination of food commodities. Threshold levels set by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for aflatoxins in foods for domestic consumption are less than 20 parts/ billion (ppb). However, the European Union (EU) and Japan have set threshold levels at less than 4 ppb. These low tolerance levels increase potential for rejection of agricultural commodities from exporting countries. The major aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus flavus is ubiquitous in agricultural soils and has a broad ecological niche. The use of yeast as antagonists against Mycotoxin fungi is a promising approach to manage aflatoxin contamination via biological control. Research to enhance the effectiveness and mass production of biocontrol yeast will facilitate commercial product development for practical application. Pichia anomala WRL-076 has been demonstrated to reduce the spore production of A. flavus in both lab conditions and field experiments. Thus, P. anomala is likely to provide an economical means of managing aflatoxin contamination in food chain.