n a curious, unpaginated afterword to his fictionalization of the Kennedy assassination, Libra, Don DeLillo proffers his novel as "a way of thinking" about an event that has remained persistently, often threateningly, mired within "gloom in a chronicle of unknowing." The preceding work of fiction is tendered as a counter to both the obfuscating speculation and the sinister "half-facts" that render the assassination an essential moment in the United States's recurrent confrontation with


Increasing productivity and prolonging the shelf life of strawberry fruits are among the main objectives of producers. The strawberry crop has great importance and the growing competitiveness in the oleraceous sector and the increase in demand for the crop has stimulated the demand of farmers for regulators based on gibberellins. One of the functions of applying phytohormones or plant regulators is to promote early or delayed flowering and maturation of strawberry pseudo fruits. Another is to obtain increases in the size and quantity of pseudobruits. The application of gibberellins is carried out in various crops, according to the stage of interest of the plant. Thus, aiming to increase productivity, we evaluated the effects of foliar application of the phytoregulator Progibb 40%, in strawberry grown in semi-hydroponic system on: quantity of flowers and quantity of pseudobruits. The experimental design was based on entirely randomized blocks. The seedlings of the San Andreas variety were planted and cultivated in a semi-hydroponic system, supplied through fertirrigation for the supply of water and nutrients. The application of phytoregulator Progibb 40% was carried out 30 days after planting the seedlings, at a dose of 25 Mm. The evaluation of the quantity of flowers and pseudobruits was performed by manual counting, weekly. The factors temperature and photoperiod and their relationship between both or with the environment, influenced the physiological behavior of the culture. The application of the regulator provided an increase in the number of flowers and pseudobruits, evidencing an efficiency to increase productivity.


Search and indexing systems bear a significant quality called word stemming, is lump of content excavating requests, IR frameworks and natural language handling frameworks. The fundamental topic in the search and indexing through time is to upgrade infer via robotized diminishing and fussing of the words into word roots. From index term by evacuating any connected prefixes and postfixes, Stemming is done to proceeding piece of work of index word, and more extensive idea than the real word is spoken by trunk. In an IR framework, the numeral of recovered archives is expanded by stemming process.


Summary The rate of disappearance of taurocholic-14C acid from bile was studied in a group of dogs after oral administration of cholic-carboxyl-14C acid. The specific activity of taurocholic acid was determined in multiple small samples of bile by quantitative thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting; biologic half-life, pool size, and turnover of taurocholic acid were calculated. Hypothyroidism, induced in 2 dogs by administration of 131I and propylthiouracil, increased the plasma cholesterol concentration and resulted in a prolonged half-life, an increased pool size, and an increased turnover of taurocholic acid. Nicotinic acid did not alter the dynamics of the metabolism of taurocholic acid in either the normal or the hypothyroid dogs, despite its marked hypo-cholesterolemic effect in the hypothyroid dog.


By using the feedback linearization, we studied the generating mechanism of intermittency. The well-known Lorenz model, Rossler model and BZ reaction model were selected as the subject of the present study. At first, we studied the basic properties of these models and it was found that the feedback linearization can apply to the analysis of these models. Subsequently, these models were modified into the linear equations with nonlinear inputs by the feedback linearization and we considered the generating mechanism of intermittency. The consideration results showed that the detailed information of the boundary has an important meaning to study the generating mechanism of intermittency. Moreover, it was shown that the generating mechanism of intermittency can be explained intuitively by the collision with the boundary.


This essay reviews two sets of books that explore the origins and dynamics of Southeast Asia's growth and economic transformation. One set of books utilizes a structuralist framework and emphasizes the role of the state in creating a (now) powerful capitalist class. The other set of books utilizes an institutionalist framework to explain how new patterns of private/public sector collaboration have resulted in rapid economic growth. The authors point to weaknesses in both approaches and to areas where the two approaches can be fruitfully synthesized. They also offer suggestions for future research.


Aim: To evaluate, tomographically, in two clinical cases, the effect of the new MTA formulation of the Angelus, the MTA Repair HP, in the contribution to remission of periapical lesions in paraendodontic surgery, as well its physical properties and manipulation. Case report: Patient R.C.R, 57, attended at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for evaluation of periapical lesion in the element 11. It was observed, at the clinical and radiographic exams, endodontic treatment and a circumscribed, unilocular and radiolucid area at the apex of the tooth. It was requested a CBCT exam (I-Cat®, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, USA), which confirmed the presence of the lesion and rupture of the buccal cortical plate. Thus, it was performed curettage, apicectomy, retropreparation and retrofilling with the described cement. It was solicited two additional CBCT exams at the period of three and five months post-operative. Patient R.J.G.M, 46, with mean complain of pain, increased intraoral volume and purulent discharged in the upper left arch. The clinical and radiographic exams revealed fistula and refractory lesion, despite the endodontic treatment of the tooth 25. A CBCT exam was done and it was observed a circumscribed hypodense area, around the apex of the 25, with rupture of the buccal cortical plate. It was suggested the same surgical treatment described in the case above. It was performed two more CBCT exam, at three and five months after the procedure. Discussion: The MTA Repair HP was developed from the necessity of a more biocompatible material with the dental structures in the retrograde filling process. This product helps in the remission of periapicals lesions and in the new formation of the periodontum components; also it has the advantages of longer setting time, not causing the darkening of the coronary portion and easier manipulation. Conclusion: Regarding the remission of the lesions, it was noticed the generation of calcified tissue across the periods of three and five months. Regarding the manipulation and application, it was not observed any improvement related to the addition of the plasticizer. However, it was noticed a shorter setting time, making it difficult to insert the material.


This note presents a solution of the swing-up task of two acrobots using trajectory optimization method. The equations of motion for 2-link and 3-link acrobot are manually derived, and then form the dynamics of the robots. Numerical integration method is used to simulate the behaviour of passive robots, with the goal of showing the correctness of the complicated dynamics of the 3-link acrobot. Direct collocation method is used to optimize the trajectory of state and control of the robots with bounds on both.


Abstract Eastern Transvaal summer rainfall from 1951 to 1982 is examined for possible changes coincident with the operational hail suppression program, which ran from 1972 to 1981. Rough exploratory methods are used initially and lead to fitting various models by standard regression techniques. The importance of station location (geography) and year of observation (trends over time), as well as possible seeding effects, are assessed by successively fitting models incorporating these effects and comparing their fits. Finally, graphical displays are used for further exploration of residuals from those models. The results from all these analyses show unusually large amounts of rainfall on the target area in six out of the ten seeded summers. These augmented amounts apparently occurred in summers when natural rainfall was plentiful. Since the allocation of the seeding was not randomized, one should not apply statistical significance tests, and definitive conclusions about the effect of seeding cannot be drawn.


This paper introduces clean production management system,environmental targets and management measures in the hydrocracking unit in SINOPEC Yangzi petrochemical company Ltd. aromatic company. Implementing clean production makes employees improve consciousness of protecting environment,decreases the discharge of pollution and energy loss,improves the economic profit,and strengthens production management in the unit.


We propose to produce neutron‐rich nuclei in the range of the astrophysical r‐process around the waiting point N = 126 by fissioning a dense laser‐accelerated thorium ion bunch in a thorium target (covered by a CH2 layer), where the light fission fragments of the beam fuse with the light fission fragments of the target. Via the 'hole‐boring' mode of laser Radiation Pressure Acceleration using a high‐intensity, short pulse laser, very efficiently bunches of 232Th with solid‐state density can be generated from a Th target and a deuterated CD2 foil, both forming the production target assembly. Laser‐accelerated Th ions with about 7 MeV/u will pass through a thin CH2 layer placed in front of a thicker second Th foil (both forming the reaction target) closely behind the production target and disintegrate into light and heavy fission fragments. In addition, light ions (d,C) from the CD2 layer of the production target will be accelerated as well, inducing the fission process of 232Th also in the second Th layer....


Circuitry for portable electronic devices is provided. The circuitry may include wireless communications circuitry and storage and processing circuitry. The wireless communications circuitry may include an antenna and a radio-frequency power amplifier with an adjustable gain mode. The radio-frequency power amplifier may amplify radio-frequency signals to a given output power. The circuitry may include an adjustable power supply circuit that supplies an adjustable power supply voltage to the power amplifier circuitry. The circuitry may also include a transceiver that produce radio-frequency signals at a specified input power to the power amplifier circuitry. The storage and processing circuitry may be used in storing calibration data. The calibration data may specify adjustments to be madeto the input power to the radio-frequency power amplifier, the gain mode setting of the power amplifier, and the power supply voltage for the power amplifier to optimize performance while minimizing power consumption.


A system is proposed for classifying the species occurring in the hypogean environment in relation to their ecological and evolutionary characteristics. The ecological criteria utilized relate to the preferred habitat of the animals (the epigean, endogean or hypogean environment) and the evolutionary criteria specify the grade of adaptive modification in three characteristics: reduction of eyes, amount of pigmentation and extent of elongation of the appendages. The object of developing this classification is to provide a system appropriate for those regions such as those with volcanic rocks in which the cave faunas include elements originating in different environments, and in which the species show very variable adaptive grades, depending primarily on the antiquity of the island or other distinct geological zone, where they are found.


The main thesis in the proposed by the authors generalized theory of involute meshing, based on a new generalized basic rack of an asymmetric basic rack, are presented. The basic principles of the generalized theory are clarified, with its use to a considerable extend is widened the area of existence of involute meshing. A generalized model for its cutting using two different rack-type cutters is being proposed. The possibilities for two-direction modification, got by combining the traditional addendum modification in radial direction and the offered tangential shift of teeth profiles, are analyzed. The basic geometric relationships have been presented. The advantages of the introduction of the new quality indices "potential of gear" and "potential of gearing" are grounded. It is clarified that the traditional theory is obtained as an isolated case of the generalized theory.


In examining the state of the art in organizational assimilation studies, we explicate specific linkages between work on assimilation in organizational contexts and other areas of the communication discipline. We define the construct, present an overview of the primary theoretical models that have directed research on organizational assimilation since the 1970s, and identify the major areas of research, discussing representative studies within each area. Throughout, we illustrate ways in which communication scholars in the areas of instructional/developmental, technology, mass media, health, intercultural/developmental, and group communication might draw from organizational assimilation research for a heightened understanding of their own variables of interest. Finally, based on an in-depth review of the literature in this area, the authors recommend intensified research attention to the antecedents to particular assimilation processes, development of research methods that would capture the dynamic and interactive nature of assimilation, and conscientious efforts by assimilation scholars to promote the utility of their work to researchers working in other areas of the field.


The physical size of a corrugated conical horn feed having narrow beamwidth can be reduced considerably by correcting the spherical phase front in the aperture using a meniscus lens. Measured and calculated radiation characteristics of such lens-corrected scalar horns are presented. It is shown that the horns can provide efficient aperture illuminations when used as feeds for conventional Cassegrain antennas, for example radiotelescopes. Further, it is shown that the high crosspolarisation, which is normally present in lens horn designs, can be reduced to that of the horn itself by corrugating the lens surfaces with holes. Improved design formulas for such holes are given.


Intensity of illumination is an important parameter in environmental monitoring which strongly affect the cultivation of seeds,the growth of animals and plants,the physical and chemical properties of the drug.The research on illumination testing system has both theoretical and practical significance.Through the use of thyristor in adjusting turn-on angle,the traditional light intensity adjusting mode regulate the light intensity of incandescent lamp and implement the mode of the adjustment of several energy-saving lamps.But this still exist some disadvantage in the failure of energy saving and discontinuous of illumination adjustment.This paper proposed the using of the internet of Thing and controlled the ballast adjust light intensity.The experiment indicates this new system can solve the problem of the failure of energy saving and discontinuous adjustment which exist in traditional lighting devices.This system can fully satisfy the requirement of light testing system which has both market value and practical prosperous.


Recent construction of a 10 × 3 irrigation canal across the Batan Grande–Poma archaeological complex of northern Peru provided an opportunity for inspection of soil profiles and detailed sampling along a five km transect bisecting an important concentration of ceremonial structures built during the past 3000+ years. From laboratory analysis of 80 soil samples we conclude no long-term irrigation agriculture was practiced in this area and it was unimportant as a resource base. Stratigraphic studies indicate few sediments survive from the 1925 El Nino event, but a massive bed attributable to prehistoric slack-water flood sediments has been identified and can be bracketed between ca. A. D. 650–1000 by associated diagnostic funerary ceramics. Other flood deposits representing the same or different events are described, but we conclude intervalley correlations will be difficult until more precise dating methods are available.


HE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY Annales of S. Caterina, the Dominican convent in Pisa, tell us that at the time when Tommaso da Prato was Prior, 1320-24, a very beautiful painting by Simone Martini was set up on the high altar.1 Later, the chronicle is more precise, stating that the painting was placed on the high altar in 1320, at the urging of Fra Pietro, a lay brother (conversus), the sacristan of S. Caterina.2 A much earlier reference confirms the connection with Fra Pietro. The fourteenth-century obituary list of S. Caterina records that Fra Pietro, lay brother, an outstanding sacristan (sacrista superexcellens), arranged for the execution of the valuable painting on the high altar.3 The date of 13204 places the S. Caterina altarpiece early in the recorded career of Simone Martini.5 The polyptych is a large work, over 340 cms wide, whose beauty has been somewhat obscured by fire damage and surface wear. It has lost its original outer frame6 and is now split into fourteen pieces.7 The seven large panels each include one


Rearrangements of gastrointestinal anatomy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery alter postprandial glucose metabolism. However, the impact on different components of glucose homeostasis remain incompletely understood.
 Here, we aim to evaluate the effects of RYGB on postprandial glucose turnover, production (P) and disposal (D) glucose effectiveness (GEP, GED) and production and disposal sensitivity to insulin (SIP, SID).
 Ten RYGB (2M, age=39.2±3.1 y, BMI=28±1 kg/m2- mean±SE) subjects and 10 healthy controls (5M, age=36.4±3.2 y, BMI=26±1 kg/m2) ingested 60g of glucose (G) labelled with [6,6-2H2]-glucose. Plasma samples were frequently drawn to measure G, insulin (I) and tracer concentrations in the following 180 min. The Single-Tracer Oral Minimal Model was used to estimate meal glucose rate of appearance (Ra), endogenous glucose production (EGP), glucose disposal (Rd), GEP, GED, SIP and SID.
 Incremental area under the G curve (iAUC(G)) was not different in the two groups, while iAUC(I) was significantly higher in RYGB (8346±803 vs. 5451±602 μU/mL*min, p=0.011); iAUC(Ra) normalized to the G dose was significantly higher in the first 60 min after the meal (0.72±0.04 vs. 0.28±0.03, p<0.001) while, throughout the experiment, EGP suppression (EGPs) normalized to basal (EGPb) was significantly lower (0.31±0.06 vs. 0.55±0.05, p=0.006) and iAUC(Rd) normalized to basal (Rdb) was higher (3.46±0.10 vs. 2.82±0.08, p<0.001) in RYGB than controls. Model predicted SIP was significantly lower in RYGB than controls (2.0±0.5 vs. 5.1±1.2 10-4 dL/kg/min per μU/mL, p=0.033) while no differences were observed in GEP, GED and SID.
 We concluded that the abnormally high I concentration in RYGB was responsible for the higher iAUC(Rd) in the operated individuals, while the reduced SIP likely works as a protective mechanism against postprandial hypoglycaemia by reducing EGPs despite the high circulating I.

 A.Brunasso: None. C.Dalla man: Research Support; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Becton, Dickinson and Company. D.Herzig: None. L.Bally: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Ypsomed AG. M.Schiavon: None.

 Italian Minister for Education (Law 232/2016); Swiss National Science Foundation (PCEGP3_186978)


With the expansion of Internet market and the advocacy of national policy, the factors influencing interface design are analyzed from the perspective of user experience in order to meet people's demand for tourism products in the rapidly growing Internet market as well as people's aesthetic and travel needs. The interface design factors are summarized as user factors, environmental factors and emotional factors, thereby the mobile phone APP user experience design model is constructed, and the application of interface design factors in self-guided APP user requirements, architecture design and prototype design. Taking "Self-Guided APP YOYO" interface design as an example, the design planning and design implementation of APP interface design is completed and the feasibility of the APP interface design methods is verified. Keywords—product design; interface design; user experience; self-guided tour; user needs


We study connections between self-inversive and self-reciprocal polynomials, reduction theory of binary forms, minimal models of curves, and formally self-dual codes. We prove that if $\mathcal X$ is a superelliptic curve defined over $\mathbb C$ and its reduced automorphism group is nontrivial or not isomorphic to a cyclic group, then we can write its equation as $y^n = f(x)$ or $y^n = x f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is a self-inversive or self-reciprocal polynomial. Moreover, we state a conjecture on the coefficients of the zeta polynomial of extremal formally self-dual codes.


Recently, inspectors of the South Carolina Department of Transportation observed a strand end slip problem involving 610 mm (24 in.) octagonal piles being cast at the Socastee Bridge location near Conway, South Carolina. From measurements taken in the field, it is apparent that the problem of excessive initial strand slip is independent of pile shape and size. Excessive strand end slip was found in both the top and bottom of the cross section of the piles, although the top portion of the cross section generally exhibited much higher initial slip. Several preventive measures can be adopted to reduce the excessive strand end slip. These measures include proper concrete mixture proportioning to reduce top bar effect, use of higher-strength concrete with the lowest possible slump and setting time, assessment of the condition of the strands prior to installation to insure excellent bond characteristics, gradual release of prestress with an optimal release sequence, and use of adequate vibration to ensure consolidation. The strand end slip measured at five prestressing plants in the Southeast was considerably higher than the allowable end slip and is expected to affect the pile performance. If the strand slip theory is adopted, the strand development length increases substantially because of the excessive strand end slip. A top bar effect factor similar to the one used in reinforced concrete design is recommended. To maintain the excellent quality of precast and prestressed concrete products, manufacturers should adopt a dynamic quality control process that follows the rapid changes in the industry. More tests are necessary to ensure quality, such as the Moustafa or an equivalent test, to assess the bond capabilities of the strands, end slip measurements, and direct measurement of the transfer length. Installation of piles should proceed in a manner to alleviate the top bar effects by placing piles alternately in their best and worst directions.


Interest in how local communities can positively benefit from the hosting of large-scale events has grown exponentially. Where most research has focused on the host city, nonhost regions have the p...


We propose a channel for the possible discovery of new charged leptons at the Large Hadron Collider. The proposed final state contains three same-sign leptons, making this new channel practically backgroundless. The method is illustrated for two different cases: the 4-family standard model and the grand unified theory based on the E6 gauge group. An example study taking 250 GeV as the charged lepton mass shows that in both models, about eight signal events can be expected at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 1 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. Although the event yield might not be sufficient for detailed measurements of the charged lepton properties, it would be sufficient to claim discovery through a counting experiment.


&NA; Physicians are becoming increasingly aware of how their practice patterns affect the financial viability of their practices and of the hospitals in which they work. Programs of diagnosis‐related group (DRG) analysis may be used not only to educate physicians but to provide data for physician‐directed efforts to reduce variations in practice patterns and deal with physicians whose practice habits may be counter to cost‐effective, high‐quality care. A combination of early, extensive physician involvement and subsequent multidisciplinary interaction will ensure the development of and adherence to cost‐effective, high‐quality patient care.


Context: The traditional approach to teaching anatomy for yoga, while systematic, is often ineffective. Methods: A unique approach to teaching anatomy for a Yoga Teacher Training seminar is presented, founded on the principles of Thomas Myers' Anatomy Trains. Lab activities are detailed and Bloom's Taxonomy is applied to ensure students are engaged in higher level thinking and application. Conclusion: Going beyond the traditional approach to teaching anatomy for yoga can be extremely rewarding for students and teachers alike.


The paper studies what green design is for lots of CAD systems.The green engineer software can make design, manufacture, analysis easier, and more convenient, less cost, more profit for products.It is also the valid way to put sustainable development into practice which is proposed.All the CAD systems should take the green design concept into their systems.


Device (1) for the welding of strip material comprising a guide arm (4) for guiding at least one welding electrode (3a) and with a suction device for suctioning gases, at least one suction opening (17) of the suction device with the guide arm (4) is moved with and wherein which is pivotable by means of the guide arm (4) at least one suction opening of the suction device in at least one plane to the belt running direction, characterized in that the suction opening is substantially pivotable parallel to the band plane and in a recess (15) in the guide arm (4) opens.


Textual data is increasing exponentially and to extract the required information from the text, different techniques are being researched. Some of these techniques require the data to be presented in the tabular or matrix format. The proposed approach designs the Document Term Matrix for Marathi (DTMM) corpus and converts unstructured data into a tabular format. This approach has been called DTMM in this paper and it fails to consider the semantics of the terms. We propose another approach that forms synsets and in turn reduces dimensions to formulate a Document Synset Matrix for Marathi (DSMM) corpus. This also helps in better capturing the semantics and hence is context-based. We abbreviate and call this approach as DSMM and carry out experiments for document-similarity measurement on a corpus consisting of more than 1200 documents, consisting of both verses as well as proses, of Marathi language of India. Marathi text processing has been largely an untouched area. The precision, recall, accuracy, F1-score and error rate are used to prove the betterment of the proposed technique.


This study focuses on the economic, market-related context of consumptionpatterns and incorporates the regulatory settings and values. The aim is tosystemise the influences on sustainable consumption patterns. Special attention isdrawn to the question how existing niche markets could be extended to massmarkets. This question is deepened by case studies on the green textile and thegreen power markets.The results emphasise the different key factors which influence the successfulpathways for an extended green market volume. Looking at the case of the greenpower market it can be seen how important it is to create an economic andinstitutional context for adoption. Looking at the case of green textiles theimportance of new lifestyles and cultural impacts are obvious.Looking at the interfaces between institutional settings, supply structure, societalvalues and consumers' decision-making, it can be seen that consumers' demandsare not only a product of individual needs. Therefore sustainable consumptionstrategies will have to face not only the change of needs, but also the change ofstructures which influence individual choices.


Ignacio Rodrguez-Iturbe was awarded the 2009 William Bowie Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2009 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for "outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research."


We have developed an accurate and robust methodology that is capable of inverting seismic data in salt-affected environments, to obtain a highly resolved velocity model, without the use of travel-time tomography or explicit salt flooding, in circumstances where conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI) and similar approaches fail. A reflection-driven inversion, in combination with total variation (TV) constraints applied to the adaptive waveform inversion (AWI) objective function, provides the building blocks required to recover both long and short-wavelength velocity models in such environments.


The infrared absorption spectra of various urea complexes of copper(II) carboxylates were recorded and the assignments of observed frequencies have been carried out to various modes of vibration. On the basis of comparison of the observed spectra with those of related compounds, it is concluded that copper(II) carboxylate monoureas and hemiureas form dimer molecules in crystals as in copper(II) acetate monohydrate, that copper(II) formate bisurea dihydrate has a crystal structure bearing resemblance to that of copper(II) formate tetrahydrate, and that urea molecules in these urea complexes are involved in bonding by electrostatic forces or hydrogen bondings instead of being bonded to copper atoms by coordination bonds.


A publishing house which is integrated in the university in organizational respect, in terms of money and legally bound, exists at Graz University of Technology since 1991.
The development, starting with the integration into library tasks in 2006 is described. Important milestones, such as the membership in "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Universitatsverlage" and the positive consequences as well as the enlargement of ser191
vices and the publisher's list have led to a permanently increasing acceptance among the scientists. This is verified by the yearly growing number of new publications.
By the library being involved in the process of scientific publishing the attractiveness of the publishing house and the reputation of the library within the university has achieved sustained success.


The authors advance motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model of change as a conceptual framework for counseling clients who engage in nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors. The major principles of motivational interviewing are applied in a case study of a client who self-injures. Recommendations are made for mental health counseling practice. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), or self-injury (SI), is often defined as "a volitional act to harm one's own body without intention to cause death" (YaryuraTobtas, Nezirogula, & Kaplan, 1995, p. 33). Although the relationship between suicide and SI is complex, the behavior is by definition discrete from suicide; it is an act intended to injure the body without causing death (Simeon & Favazza, 2001; Yaryura-Tobias, Neziroglu, & Kaplan). Examples of SI are selfcutting, self-burning, and deliberate self-hitting—behaviors generally considered intermittent, discrete acts of self-directed self-harm (Simeon & Favazza). It is estimated that 1%–4% of the general population and 21%–66% of clinical samples engage in SI (Darche, 1990; DiClemente, Ponton, & Hartley, 1991); there is evidence that prevalence rates are equally distributed among men and women in community samples (Briere & Gil, 1998). An average of 13% of high school students report having engaged in SI at least once (Ross & Heath, 2002), and one recent study of college students found the lifetime prevalence rate of college students having at least one SI incident was 17% (Whitlock, Eckenrode, & Silverman, 2006), suggesting that a significant number of adolescents and young adults self-injure. SI has attracted considerable attention in recent years, not only in clinical environments but also in a number of recent television episodes, movies, and


This paper presents the development of an intelligent wireless system to monitoring mechanical fault in electric power transmission lines under oscillating movement, collapse, overheating or short circuit faults in the cable; caused by natural or induced man effects. The system has a remote module hanging on a cable and a central operation module communicated via wireless. The remote module has data acquisition, is capable to add the location where is going to be installed with a GPS receiver (Global Position System), is capable to sensing temperature, electric current and acceleration of the cable; the last one is an integrate circuit based in MEMS technology (micro electromechanical system), all of these operations are controlled and processed with a microcontroller. The central operation module is connected to serial port in a personal computer. The user can survey the remote module, ask the historic stored data, assign an identification number and assign global positioning coordinates via wireless, with the system-user software created in LabVIEW.


The use of right turn filters provides improved intersection efficiency, although results in higher rates of 'right through' and 'cross traffic' crashes. This research paper aims to quantify the effects on road safety of the use of right turn filter movements at signalised intersections.

This research examines 77 traffic signal site with 147 approaches with right turn filtering enabled throughout the greater Sydney metropolitan, Newcastle and Wollongong areas. This research looks into factors influencing crash rates at these intersections including speed, number of opposing lanes, traffic volumes and characteristics of the right turning driver including gender and age.

It was found that the opposing traffic volume has a large impact on both the ability for drivers to undertake right turn movements and the rate of 'right through' crashes. It was found that at opposing traffic volumes between 100 to 300 vehicles per hour per lane results in the highest rate of 'right through' crashes. Above 300 vehicles per hour the ability to undertake opposed right turns is very limited and the right turn filter benefits of improved traffic efficiency are non-existent.

The crash data indicates that young drives (17-29) are much more likely to be involved in 'right through' crashes than any other age group. The occurrence of 'right through' crashes decreased as the age of the driver increases. It was found that as the age of the drive increased their risk of crashing at a signalised intersection with right turn filters enabled decreased. There is no indication that older drivers (>60) have an increased crash risk at these intersections. In fact, the data shows that driver in this age bracket have the lowest crash risk of all ages.


Salinity is a major problem in agriculture because it can alter the metabolism of plants and affect crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NaCl on growth, key antioxidants and changes in the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. Two popcorn genotypes, IAC125 and UFMV2, experienced reduction in growth as the salt concentration increased. Increase in chlorophyll content and damage to the plasma membrane was observed. Consequently, changes in osmotic activity led to reduced water content in the leaves. Increased concentration of salt increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in two popcorn genotypes but maximum activity was observed in the IAC125 genotype. Such enzymatic activities occur in order to maintain the levels of lipid peroxidation under salt stress, indicating that this genotype is tolerant to salinity conditions. The ZmAPX, ZmCAT, ZmSOD (Cu/Zn) and ZmSOD (Mn) genes increased their expression as salinity increased. The ZmSOD (Fe) gene was highly regulated in the IAC125 genotype under salt stress, but low regulation was observed in the UFM2 genotype, regardless of the salt concentration. The enhancement in tolerance against salt stress indicates that the genes involved in the antioxidative process are triggered by oxidative stress induced by abiotic stresses. These results showed that the popcorn varieties have different levels of salt tolerance due to the differential expression pattern of the antioxidant genes. The up-regulation of antioxidant enzymatic activity could lead to increased scavenging of excessive free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.


Blended Learning (also known as Hybrid Learning) has currently
attracted strong attention specifically at universities.
However, Blended Learning because of its dynamic and open
nature poses specific requirements on the supporting tools.
Tools built on Service-oriented Architectures, if constructed
properly, fulfill these requirements best. Based on Web
Services, the CEWebS system is being developed at the
University of Vienna, Faculty of Informatics. It can provide
the students several non-standard services like support for
on-line team building, peer-to-peer evaluation of students
projects, and other collaborative tools. In the frame of the
international cooperation with University of Vienna, the CEWebS
framework has already been tested and will be deployed also at
Masaryk University, Faculty of Informatics in Brno. It will
help to unify the runtime environment for many services that
are currently planned, such as several Natural Language
Processing or Semantic Web tools, while preserving the freedom
of choose of development platform because of web services
interoperability.


Objective To explore the values of serum human epididymis protein 4(HE4)and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods Serum levels of HE4and CA125were detected in 91patients with ovarian cancer,69patients with benign ovarian diseases and 60healthy females by using chemiluminescence immune assay.Results Serum levels of HE4and CA125in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than patients with benign ovarian diseases and healthy subjects(P0.01).The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic performance of HE4were higher than CA125,when being detected alone.Combined assay of parallel test of HE4and CA125could improve sensitivity and Combined assay of series test could improve specificity.Compared with individual and combined assay,the positive detection rate of parallel test was higher.With the elevating of staging of ovarian cancer,serum levels of HE4and CA125were also elevated.But there was no significant difference of serum CA125level between patients with ovarian cancer at stageⅠand patients with benign ovarian tumors(P0.05). Conclusion Compared with CA125,HE4could be the best single tumor marker for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Combined assay of parallel test could improve the diagnostic sensitivity and combined assay of series test could improve the diagnostic specificity.


ABSTRACT After some comments on the scope of our 13 C liquid NMR spectroscopic investigations as well as on advantages and problems of 13 C NMR application in cellulose chemistry, recent results on the regioselective sulfation and phosphatation of cellulose under homogeneous conditions of reaction are presented, employing cellulose trinitrite, trimethylsilyl cellulose of varying DS and partially substituted cellulose acetates. The effects of type of intermediate as well as of type and amount of esterifying agent on final substituent distribution are described and probable reaction mechanisms are discussed.


This paper presents an overview of a satellite based broadcast layer to enhance the 3G and beyond 3G systems in the delivery of Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS), as identified within the European IST integrated project MAESTRO. The foreseen content delivery architecture, also referred to as Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast (S-DMB) architecture, shall become an enabler for the success of 3G point-to-multipoint multimedia services. In fact, it takes advantage of the satellite inherent capability in providing broadcast/multicast services over global coverage, and it is best suited to distribute popular multimedia content towards 3G handsets with local cache memory. The system architecture combines high power geo-stationary satellites and a limited number of terrestrial gap-fillers, providing outdoor and in-building coverage with nation wide umbrella cells maximising the potential audience. The use of 3GPP standardised technology as well as IMT2000 frequency band allows to accommodate S-DMB features in 3G handsets with low cost impact and no form factor modifications to optimise market entry and penetration. The system meets the MBMS requirements [1] as set in the 3GPP standards in terms of service offer as well as operational constraints. The paper also includes an introduction to information-theoretic aspects related to SDMB delivery. In this paper 3G system encompass 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile systems.


Abstract:ABSTRACT. Starting in 2009, Portugal was hit hard by the Eurozone crisis. This article provides an overview of the effects of the crisis, and the policy responses to it, on Portuguese unemployment, poverty, inequality and emigration. It then examines the changes in social and labour market policy that were externally imposed by the Troika through its emphasis on austerity and structural reform. Finally, it evaluates the partial reversals undertaken by the António Costa government, arguing that these were made possible by (1) the end of the memorandums of understanding, (2) Portugal's success in reducing its budget deficit, and (3) the new nature of EU supervision under the European Semester system. In examining policies on the labour market, pensions, the minimum wage and anti-poverty programmes, the article argues that these policy areas have undergone distinct shifts in governance from broad national autonomy, to strict external control, to relative autonomy as long as budget deficit targets are met.KEYWORDS. Portugal, crisis, employment, social policies, Troika.


THE DORSAL lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the cat is a principal relay nucleus on the direct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex, and several parameters of its organization as a relay are well established. First, relay cells of the LGNd have either on-or off-center receptive fields (16), because each relay cell receives direct excitatory drive from either on-or off-center retinal ganglion cells (6, 16). Second, retinal ganglion cells fall into two groups (X-cells and Y-cells) according to whether they sum the influences of the center and surround regions of their receptive fields linearly or nonlinearly (8). Most LGNd relay cells can be similarly classified because most receive direct excitatory drive from either X-or Y-type retinal ganglion cells (6). Third, each relay cell receives direct excitatory drive from either fast-or slow-conducting retinal afferents, and its own axon is correspondingly either fast or slow conducting (6, 36). The two latter parameters are closely correlated since Y-cells have been shown to have fast axons and X-cells, slow axons (6, 11). The on/off organization is independent of the other two parameters, however. Roth Y-cells and X-cells can have either on-or off-center fields. This report examines several features of the LGNd relay in the normal cat, extending previous concepts and establishing a spectrum of normal properties against which the properties of the LGNd in deprived cats (described in the following paper (3W can be compared. First, the separate relay in the LGNd of the X-and Y-cell activity of the retina is described. Second, several properties of X-and Y-cells of the LGNd were observed to vary con-518 sistently with the eccentricity of their receptive fields. Specifically, variations in the relative frequency of X-and Y-cells, in their field diameter, and in the conduction velocity of their retinal afferents are described. Third, evidence is presented that the inhibitory mechanisms of the LGNd are less specifically organized than the direct cxci tatory relay. METHODS General fx-@aTat ion Experiments were performed on 20 adult cats. They were anesthetized with ether for the initial surgical preparation. During recording the cats were anesthetized with nitrous oxide (70% N,Q 30% 0,) and kept paralyzed by a continuous intravenous infusion of gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil, 16.2 mg/hr) and toxi-ferine dichloride (Hoffman-LaRoche, 1 mg/hr) in saline (6.5 ml/hr). Details of the stereotaxic apparatus and standard head position used are available in earlier papers (19, 21). Physiological wcodng Units were recorded in the LGNd …


This article focuses on a pool of water-soluble antioxidants in certain plants of the true grasses (Gramineae) and legume (Fabaceae) families in the Kaliningrad region in connection with the environmental conditions of their habitat, namely, the varying distance to the Sea coast. It is shown that the level of water-soluble antioxidants was higher in the vegetative parts in the true grasses and the generative parts in the legumes with the exception of the Big-leaved Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus (L)). The concentration of water-soluble antioxidants varied more widely in the Fabaceae than in the Gramineae, whose antioxidant pool was more stable and less dependent on the growth conditions in terms of the distance to the Baltic Sea coast.


In automotive environment, it is preferable to have a joint radar and communication system as it is able to use the same hardware and band of the spectrum for both systems. In this paper a joint radar communication system for automotive radar based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is presented. The performance of the system is analysed in the presence of interference arising from other users. In addition, the communication performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), is analysed for different scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed system in multi-user scenarios and in different types of communication channels.


A sensitive vacuum microbalance was used to determine the sputtering yields for the argon‐silicon system over an energy range of 34–800 ev. Preliminary data for the ion bombardment of silicon with CO2 was also obtained. Variation of the discharge voltage provided information on the relative sputtering effectiveness of Ar+ and Ar2+ ions. Extrapolation of the low‐energy data indicates a probable threshold energy of 15–20 ev. The sputtering data indicate that the target surfaces were clean and reproducible. The experimental method is shown to be well suited for sputtering studies.


Irrigated agriculture is faced with challenges that include sediment loading in the river basins and dams. The management of sediments in river basins and waterways has been an important issue for water managers throughout history. Water managers are faced with similar challenges caused by siltation of water reservoirs and irrigation water conveyance systems. As a copping strategy to counter the low irrigation application efficiency for surface irrigation systems, designs of settling tanks are typically oversized with an aim of having enough detention time for the sediment particles to settle. To settle discrete particles an optimum settling tank is important so as not to have problems over overdesigning and consequently costly projects.  The optimum hydraulic design parameters for a settling basin were calibrated using a physical model prepared in the Civil Engineering laboratory at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Using a dataset from a model a quartic equation was developed to calculate turbidity drop in a small-scale settling basin when the flow rate is known. Finally, a quadratic equation  was developed for calculating optimum surface area required for settling discrete particles for different flow rates. For this research the optimum design surface areas were Q 1 = 2.42m 2 , Q 2 = 3.04 m 2 , Q 3 = 3.75 m 2 , Q 4 = 4.20 m 2 and Q 5 = 4.71 m 2 corresponding to 5.7, 8.7l/min, 9.9 l/min, 10.5 l/min and 11.1 l/min respectively.


This research is a development research. The procedure which is used are: (1) conducting a product analysis that will be developed which is obtained from the collection of information, including field observation and literature review, (2) developing an early form of the product (in the form of BOLBAKDOR game), (3) validation test by expert, that is one physical education, health and sports subject study expert and one physical education, (4) first product revision, product revision based on the result of expert's evaluation and small scale trial (12 students). (5) trial on field (26 students), (6) last product revision conducted based on the result of the trial, (7) the final result of BOLBAKDOR game toward third graders students which is resulting through the revision of the trial on field. From the average result of the expert's validation on the small scale trial, percentage obtained at 81,33% (good). The student's average questionnaire result on the small scale, percentage obtained at 89,02% (good). From the average result of expert's validation on field, percentage obtained at 82% (increased). Average result of the questionnaire on the field trial, percentage obtained at 91,71% (very good).


A moldable PE protective plate comprises a moldable photofixation protective plate and a cushion layer wrapping the outer side of the moldable photofixation protective plate. The moldable photofixation protective plate comprises a photofixation resin and a supporting layer wrapping the outer side of the photofixation resin. The photofixation resin is formed by evenly mixing the following matters by mass: 10-90% of low polymer, 10-90% of activated monomer, 0.2-10% of photoinitiator and 0.1-5% of auxiliary, wherein the low polymer is one or more photosensitive resins with unsaturated double bonds or epoxy groups, the activated monomer is organic micromolecule viscosity modifier containing polymerizable functional groups, the photoinitiator is a matter capable of absorbing optical energy transformed into chemical energy through excitation and triggering polymerization of the low polymer and the activated monomer, and the auxiliary is a performance adjustment aiding agent. By means of the moldable photofixation protective plate, molding sizing can be performed on any position of the body. Furthermore, the moldable photofixation protective plate can be tightly attached to the force-bearing position to effectively protect the force-bearing position.


A child is described with a de novo direct duplication of the region 2q11 X 2 leads to 2q14 X 2. She probably represents the first reported case of proximal 2q duplication. The abnormalities included short stature, microcephaly, brachycephaly, depressed nasal bridge, prominent philtrum, congenital glaucoma, and mental retardation.


In this annotated bibliography, resources on poverty and chronic poverty in rural Uganda are organised into the following sections: Education, Health, National debt and poverty, Poverty in policy perspective, Measuring and characterising poverty, Poverty trends in Uganda, Poverty in institutional and governance context, Gender aspects of poverty, Credit, Accessibility, Violence and conflict, Service delivery, Infrastructure, Constraints to rural development, AIDS/HIV experience and policy in Uganda, and Miscellaneous.


This article is to investigate biorthogonal matrix-valued wavelet packets in higher dimensions.A class of compactly supported biorthogonal matrix-valued multivariate wavelet packets are defined and constructed.The properties of the biorthogoanl multivariate matrix-valued wavelet packets are investigated and biorthogonality formulae are obtained by using the Fourier transform and operator theoy.


This article focused attention on the application of modern security devices in senior secondary schools, as a strategy for reducing insurgent attacks in educational institutions in Nigeria. The study gave reference to the Northeast, where the Jama'atul Ahlil Sunnah Lidda'awati Wal Jihad popularly known as Boko Haram are terrorizing the population, destruction of school buildings and sometimes abduction of school students especially female students. Learning environments need constant protection from both internal and external threats to avoid loss of lives and properties. A safe school environment is free from physical or psychological harm. Therefore, the article emphasized the need to apply modern security devices, such as Closed Circuit Television, Scan Cards, Buzzer System, Surveillance Camera, Tracking Device, Intercom, and Computer, among others. These should be part of schools' operation in order to reduce the rate of attacks and delay the actions intended by the insurgents. The paper also highlighted the factors determining school location, types of security devices needed were also discussed, guiding principles in planning safe schools, and challenges to the planning. It also recommended that government should increase the allocation of funds in education sector, to enable the provision of security gadgets, constant training and regular supervision to ensure the conditions of these devices for safety and educational development. The article concludes that, modern security devices are neglected in most of Nigerian educational institutions of learning especially in Northeastern State where Boko Haram engaged in killing students, destroying schools and abduction of school students.


Abstract The visible and infrared spectral properties of two natural jarosite minerals and a suite of synthetic jarosites and alunite samples are described here. The fundamental stretching and bending vibrations observed in the infrared region for SO42- and OH- are compared with the near-infrared overtones and combinations of these vibrations. Shifts were observed in the SO42- and OH- bands for Al3+ vs. Fe3+ at the octahedral sites and K+ vs. Na+ at the "A" (frequently monovalent) sites. Crystal-field theory bands were observed for jarosite near 435, 650, and 900.925 nm and were compared to those of iron oxides. Spectral bands near 1.76, 2.17, 2.53, 4.5, 8.10, and 15.24 μm (corresponding to ~5670, 4600, 3970.4150, 2100.2300, 1000.1225, and 420.675 cm-1, respectively) for alunite and near 0.43, 0.91, 1.85, 2.27, 2.63, 4.9, 8.10, and 15.24 μm (corresponding to ~23 000, 10 990, 5400, 4350.4520, 3800.4150, 1950.2200, 1000.1190, and 440.675 cm-1, respectively) for jarosite would be most useful for detecting these minerals using remote sensing on Earth or Mars. These minerals are important indicators of alteration processes, and this study contributes toward combined visible/near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral detection of these two alunite-group minerals.


Ammonia (NH3) is one of the impurities in salt-producing water, which is often found in the traditional salt ponds of the Madurese. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of ammonia contamination as an impurity in salt production process water from raw water, reservoir ponds, evaporator ponds to geomembrane crystallizer ponds when salt production takes place in the salt ponds of Tanjungan Village, Bangkalan Regency. Determination of ammonia concentration using the phenate method based on SNI 06-6989.30-2005 with a spectrophotometer reading tool (UV-2700 Serial No. A11674900027) at a wavelength of 420 nm. The average concentration of ammonia as an impurity in raw materials in traditional pond ponds in Tajungan village, namely raw water is 2.31±0.24 mg/L, reservoir ponds are 2.56±0.57 mg/L, evaporator ponds are 2, 39±0.84 mg/L and the geomembrane crystallizer ponds are 1.37±0.09 mg/L. The highest average ammonia concentration was found in the reservoir ponds raw saltwater sample, while the lowest concentration was found in the geomembrane crystallizer ponds sample. The high average ammonia concentration in the salt ponds of Tajungan Village, Bangkalan Regency indicates that all raw saltwater in these ponds is contaminated with ammonia. The high concentration of ammonia in the salt ponds may be due to the entry of household waste. Keywords: (NH3), raw water, reservoir ponds, evaporation ponds, geomembrane crystallizer ponds


This study was to investigate the association between dietary behaviors and the risk of stress after immigration in female Vietnamese immigrants. Cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective cohort was conducted on 582 Vietnamese wives visiting 13 clinical centers from Nov. 2006 to 2007. Stress after immigration was measured by Psychological Well‐being Index‐Short Form. Subjects were categorized into two groups: healthy (25.3%) and potentially stressed (60.7%) or stressed (14.0%). Multivariate logistic regression was used. Subjects whose education was less than completion of middle school had 1.562 times (95%CI=1.033‐2.363) higher risk of stress than the more educated. As length of residence in Korea increased, the risk increased (OR=1.237; 95%CI=1.067‐1.433). Underweight ones (BMI<18.5) were more likely to be stressed than overweight (BMI=23) (OR=2.164; 95%CI=1.100‐4.259). Subjects with irregular meals had 1.506 times (95%CI=1.001‐2.268) greater risk than ones without. The risk was higher in subjects who changed meal patterns after immigration (OR=2.114; 95%CI=1.408‐3.174). Subjects with a balanced diet had a 36.5% lower risk than ones without (OR=0.635; 95%CI=0.418‐0.967). Dietary behaviors might be independent risk factors of stress in Vietnamese immigrants. (Supported by a grant of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007‐090‐091‐4854‐300) & 2nd stage of BK21 Project in 2008)


A wideband coaxial feed shorted patch antenna for circular polarization on high permittivity substrate is designed, fabricated and measured. This antenna is implemented by dividing the slotted patch into two parts (excited shorted part and coupled part) at the center. With adding different arms at the diagonal corners, each part can generate a proper circularly polarized (CP) resonance such that a wideband axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is obtained. Measured results show that the proposed antenna has an axial ratio bandwidth (AR ≤ 3 dB) of 3.7% (2.563-2.660 GHz), an impedance bandwidth (reflection coefficient, S11 ≤ -10 dB) of 6.9% (2.49-2.67 GHz) and a peak gain of 4 dBic.


A compound of formula (I): wherein: R1 represents an anion associated with the positive charge of the N atom; and R2 is aryl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl (C2-C12), alkenyl (C2-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) alkyl- (C3-C6) alkyl, (C1-C6) phenyl, (C1-C6) - OH, (C1-C6) -CN, (C1-C6) -halogen, (C1-C6) -CF3, (C1-C6) -OCH3, (C1-C6) -O- (C1 C6) -OCH3 and alkyl (C1-C6) -O-phenyl, wherein preferred R3 substituents are in the endo position.


Large multimedia files are accessed by a high number of mobile users over the Internet. Therefore, the bandwidth demand for mobile Internet access is increasing exponentially. To answer users' demand, carrier aggregation is proposed in LTE-A. In carrier aggregation, the best available one or more component carriers of each band are assigned as primary and secondary component carriers to each user for efficient services. The previous works have significantly improved the performance of LTE-A by using efficient component carrier assignment methods. The previous works, however, have two limitations. First, they have not investigated which of joint or partial secondary component carrier assignment techniques shows better performance. Second, overall system performance is analyzed in order to evaluate methods by ignoring system behavior such as packet drops and delay metrics during carrier reassignment operations. Therefore, in this paper, firstly, packet drops and delay which are experienced by users during the carrier reassignment process are investigated. Secondly, joint and partial secondary component carrier assignment techniques are compared. Results show that the partial carrier assignment technique increases efficiency of resource usage, throughput rate up to 15% and decreases average delay time up to 12%.


India's biological diversity is reflected in the heterogeneity of its forest cover. It is one of the 12 'mega-diversity' countries of the world. India is also at the meeting zone of three major bio-geographic realms, namely the Indo-Malayan (the richest in the world), the Eurasian and Afro-tropical. India also has the two richest bio-diversity areas, one in the northeast and other in the Western Ghats. The biological diversity is being conserved through a network of biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries. However, the challenges for conservation emanate from population pressures, adverse impacts of industrialization and intensifying threats from illegal trade.


An innovative technology that allows to get the finished product based on poultry meat by athermal processing method was considered in the paper. Research to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the total number of microorganisms in the poultry meat, as well as opportunistic pathogenic and pathogenic microflora were conducted. High-pressure processing modes, which involve the acid phosphatase enzyme inactivation, which characterizes the culinary readiness degree of poultry meat were determined. The research results of the organoleptic characteristics of samples subjected to conventional thermal processing and high hydrostatic pressure processing were presented. The changes in the product weight loss during the thermal and athermal processing of meat were shown. Based on the research results, rational modes of the high-pressure processing of poultry meat to achieve a complete culinary readiness, safety and high organoleptic characteristics of the finished product were recommended. It is proved that the application of high hydrostatic pressure is possible as an alternative to thermal processing of meat products.


13 Many modern outer radiation belt models simulate the long-time behavior of high-energy 14 electrons by solving a three-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation for the driftand bounce15 averaged electron phase space density that includes radial, pitch-angle and energy dif16 fusion. Radial diffusion is an important process, often characterized by a deterministic 17 diffusion coefficient. One widely-used parameterization is based on the median of sta18 tistical ultra low frequency (ULF) wave power for a particular geomagnetic index Kp. 19 We perform idealized numerical ensemble experiments on radial diffusion, introducing 20 temporal and spatial variability to the diffusion coefficient through stochastic parame21 terization, constrained by statistical properties of its underlying observations. Our re22 sults demonstrate the sensitivity of radial diffusion over a long time period to the full 23 distribution of the radial diffusion coefficient, highlighting that information is lost when 24 only using median ULF wave power. When temporal variability is included, ensembles 25 exhibit greater diffusion with more rapidly varying diffusion coefficients, larger variance 26 of the diffusion coefficients and for distributions with heavier tails. When we introduce 27 spatial variability, the variance in the set of all ensemble solutions increases with larger 28 spatial scales of variability. Our results demonstrate that the variability of diffusion af29 fects the temporal evolution of phase space density in the outer radiation belt. We dis30 cuss the need to identify important temporal and length scales to constrain variability 31 in diffusion models. We suggest that the application of stochastic parameterization tech32 niques in the diffusion equation may allow the inclusion of natural variability and un33 certainty in modelling of wave-particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere. 34 Plain Language Summary 35 The Van Allen outer radiation belt is a region in near-Earth space containing mostly 36 high energy electrons trapped by the Earth's geomagnetic field. It is a region populated 37 by satellites that are vulnerable to damage from the high-energy environment. Many mod38 ern radiation belt models simulate the behaviour of the high energy electrons with a dif39 fusion model, which describes how electrons spread out from areas of higher concentra40 tion to areas of lower concentration. An important process in these models is radial dif41 fusion, driven by ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves, where electrons are drawn from the 42 outer boundary and accelerated towards Earth, or pushed away from the outer radia43 tion belt and lost to interplanetary space. Radial diffusion is generally characterized by 44 a parameter which provides a single output from the specified inputs, and does not al45 low for any variability in the physical process. In this study we present a series of nu46 merical experiments on radial diffusion which allow for natural variability in both time 47 and space, and see how modeling of radial diffusion is impacted. Our results find that 48 better understanding of temporal and spatial variations of ULF wave interactions with 49 electrons, and being able to characterize these variations to a good level of accuracy, are 50 vital to produce a robust description of radial diffusion over long timescales in the outer 51 radiation belt. 52


This paper explores the causes behind the severe under‐representation of women in engineering. Based on national data on undergraduate engineering programs, this study presents cross‐sectional estimates of male and female student retention. Contrary to widespread beliefs, the study found that overall and in most disciplines there is no differential attrition by gender. Instead, results suggest that gender disparities in engineering are largely driven by inadequate enrollment (not inadequate retention) of women. The paper concludes that outreach—within institutions of higher education, across institutions (into two‐year colleges, middle and high schools), and into K‐12 curricular reform—are needed to address what is, at its very core, a recruitment problem.


This is sue is part of the first vol ume of the jour nal Women & Ther apy pub lished in the new cen tury.Will it be a cen tury that wit nesses fur ther gains for fem i nism and for women, one in which vi o lence and dis crim i na tion against women in the United States and in the world are erad i cated? Will it be a cen tury where hu man rights are sig nif i cantly ad vanced, if not uni ver sally ac quired? Or will it be one in which hard-won gains will be lost and the women's move ments of the twen ti eth cen tury elim i nated fromthe his tory books or rel e gated to the mar gins of his tory? The last cen tury wit nessed the de vel op ment of a women's move ment that made sig nif i cant gains, but that was lost to the next gen er a tion of women. It was ea gerly de picted by the writ ten me dia and in the his tory books as a small band of odd-look ing and frus trated "bat tle-axes" who sought the vote for women, but who also sought such pu ri tan i cal ob jec tives as the in tro duc tion of pro hi bi tion. As they ap par ently had no fun in their own lives, they sought the iden ti cal fate for their male coun ter parts. Or so the "of fi cial" story went. The girls of my gen er a tion might see a pho to graph or a para graph about these women in our his tory books, just enough ex po sure to convince each of us that we wanted no more in for ma tion, that any as so ci a tion with the be liefs of these women would re sult in rid i cule at best and a ru ined and iso lated life at worst. We had no idea that they op posed al co hol as a way to re duce the do mes tic vi o lence that in creased sig nif i cantly un der its in flu ence. We had no idea that do mes tic vi o lence had


In this paper, the Bosnian language is at the center of the problems of relation of language and nation, standard language and dialect, the relation between dialect speakers and their nationality; the positioning of the Bosnian language towards the European Union is also considered. On the one hand, in this context, Bosnian is a language that (officially) remains outside the borders of the EU, but at the same time, due to the different migrations, Bosnian language undoubtedly participates in European language everyday life. Although it is possible to detect the various controversies of the Bosnian language nomination and the non-positive relation to the Bosnian language and its speakers, the example of the Bosnian and elements of the Bosnian dialects in Slavonski Brod, a city on the border of the European Union, and the area does not support the articulated generally accepted opinion. Thus, Bosnian linguistics elements in the idioms at the EU border is positively evaluated. As the research shows, the attitude in the Slavonski Brodarea to Bosnian language elements is positive (or at least non-negative).


Consonance and dissonance are frequently invoked in discussions of Gubaidulina's music, particularly in terms of the composer's intentional contrasts between timbres and her golden section-oriented formal planning. In this paper, I use the notion of dissonance to mediate between several competing theories of Gubaidulina's music and theories of timbre more broadly. Certain passages in her Meditation on the Bach Chorale "Vor deinen Thron tret' ich hiermit" (1993) are identified as dissonant based on her compositional theories and on sketch material from the Paul Sacher Stiftung, and on further examples drawn from her Am Rande des Abgrunds (2002). Broadly speaking, "dissonant" sounds are closer to white noise than "consonant" sounds, aligning with empirical studies of dissonance perception as well as with spectralist compositional theories. However, Gubaidulina's music uses this extended notion of dissonance particularly musically; dissonances have specific structural roles in a work and resolve to consonances.


Lasers in the spectral range around 785 nm are requested as pump lasers for 2 μm eye-safe Tm:YAG lasers and as excitation light sources in Raman spectroscopic experiments with large excitation areas. The output power should be in the range of several watts together with wavelength stabilization and good beam quality. Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) tapered diode lasers offer a potential solution. In this contribution 785 nm DBR tapered lasers with a narrow spectral emission width below 1 pm will be presented. The devices are based on GaAsP single quantum wells embedded in a 1 μm thick large optical cavity leading to a vertical far field angle of 29° (FWHM). The 3-inch wafers were grown using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. In a full wafer process 4 mm long DBR tapered lasers were manufactured. Two different layouts were processed. One device type (A) consists of a 1.0 mm long 10th order surface DBR grating acting as rear side mirror, a 1.0 mm long ridge waveguide section, and a 2.0 mm long flared section having a full taper angle of 6°, whereas the other one (B) has a 500 μm long DBR grating, a 1.0 mm long RW section and a 2.5 mm long 6° flared section. Both types of devices reach output powers larger than 5 W at 25°C. The device with the shorter tapered section (A) is limited to this output power, whereas the device with longer taper (B) reach up to 7 W within the studied current range up to 8 A. At 3 W output power the latter device has an emission linewidth below 1 pm. Measured at 1/e2 level at this output power the beam waist width of 8.5 μm and the far field angle of 14.4° lead to a beam propagation ratio M2 of 2.1. More than 71% of the emitted power is within the central lobe of the beam waist.


(Received 29 October 2012; revised version 5 December 2012; accepted 10 December 2012)ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to estimate the magnitude of endogenous blood urea nitrogen (EBUN) incorporation into bacterial protein produced in the rumen and into milk protein of goats fed low (LP), medium (MP) or high protein (HP) diets arranged in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Three Alpine goats of about 35 kg body weight fitted with cannula into the rumen and a catheter into the jugular vein were fed three isoenergetic diets containing 11(LP), 13(MP) or 16(HP)% crude protein in dry matter (DM). Goats were continuously infused


The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamic properties of regional differences in the public long-term care insurance system. The system started in April 2000 to replace public old age welfare system with public insurance system. Since then, along with the aging Japanese demographic structure, the number of insured individuals, the number of care service users, and the cost have been increasing rapidly. The care service users pay 10% user fee. The remaining service cost is financed by insurance premium paid by covered individuals (50%) and by local and national public fund (50%). There are wide differences in regional figures with respect to the long-term care insurance system because it is managed by municipalities as insurers. The system is reviewed at every 5 years for major reform. The first major reform took place in 2005. At the time, Japanese government recognized the rapid increase in cost and the wide differences in regional figures. In fact, The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (henceforth MHLW) stated in the 2005 report that biased regional distribution of service facilities and lax discipline on municipal management (especially on the review process of requests for certification) need to be corrected because these are the causes that will boost the national cost of long-term care services through widening regional differences. So the government took several measures to put brakes on the increasing cost and to remedy the regional differences to ease the pressure on local and national fiscal management. In Japan, it is expected that the public expenses that are related to services to elderly people such as pension, medical services, and long-term care services, will increase rapidly because of the aging demographic structure. The trend will add a further pressure on the fiscal management of Japanese government whose fiscal condition is already devastated through the long recession years in the 1990s and 2000s. Therefore, it is important to predict the future trend of the regional differences in public long-term care insurance system to measure the fiscal impact on those who have concerns in the system. In this research, we analyzed the dynamic properties of the regional differences in user rates defined as Abstract We analyzed the dynamic properties of regional differences in Japanese public long-term care insurance system. The standing order (high and low) of each region's user rate, defined as the ratio of service users to insured individuals, is not very mobile. By using Markov transition matrixes, we calculated the standing order mobility index, and found that the degree of mobility is greater in the first half (2000-2005) than the second half (2006-2012) for the group of regions with higher user rates. Hence, the 2005 reform, which aimed to remedy the regional differences, did not seem to alleviate the standing order inertia.


Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive years of 2010–11 and 2011–12 at Agronomy Research Farm of NDUA&T, Faizabad (UP.) India to study the response of land configurations, IW/CPE ratios and integrated supply systems on growth function, yield and nutrient study of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under indo-gangetic eastern plains zone of Uttar Pradesh. Significant increase was observed for plant height, number of branches and dry matter accumulation per plant at 60 and 90 days after sowing and at harvest under 1.0 IW/CPE moisture regime nourished with 75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% N through biocompost at raised bed configuration. Higher growth attributes resulted maximum yield and yield attributes of French bean with sowing at raised beds, application of 75% RDF+25% N through biocompost and IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 as compared to rest of the treatments. Increasing moisture regimes decreased the water use efficiency and it was highest under sowing on raised beds, moisture regime at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio and 75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% N through biocompost nutrient supply system. Higher yields of French bean was obtained with treatment combinations of sowing on raised beds, moisture regime at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and 75% RDF through chemical fertilizers + 25% N through biocompost and it was most remunerative and sustainable under Indo-gangetic plains of UP.


Abstract The observed infrared absorption band of a vibrating molecule may be characterized by several parameters, including the position, i.e., frequency, the intensity of the absorption areas, and the shapes o r band half-width. Whereas the frequency of a band depends upon the geometrical distribution of masses undergoing oscillation and the forces holding the nuclei together, the intensity is governed mainly by the charge redistribution within the bond under specific vibrational transition. During recent years the intensities of infrared bands have attracted considerable interest in the field of vibrational spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules. In earlier articles [1,2] we discussed the vibrational band intensities pertaining to some typical classes of hydrocarbons, and the present article is devoted to the infrared intensities. of inorganic and coordination compounds. A careful literature survey reveals that progress in measuring the absolute infrared intensities of inorganic and coordination compound...


Two way classification models with random effects are used widely. The variance components in these models are often estimated by ANOVA estimates. In this article, we improve the ANOVA estimates in the sense of mean square errors by an easy way. Also we construct nonnegative estimates of variance components which have smaller mean square errors than ANOVA estimates.


ABSTRACT Education plays a major role in the socio-economic growth and development of a nation. The rights of students in the tertiary institutions of learning in South Africa should not be handled with levity. The objective of this paper was to examine the causes of access must rise and fees must fall in South African tertiary institutions of learning. This paper used a literature review methodology and presented the following investigative findings pertaining to the causes of access must rise and fees must fall in South African tertiary institutions of learning and made recommendations to the government pertaining to various actions that should be taken to protect the rights of students by ensuring that they all have equal access to infrastructural facilities and obtain financial support to study in any university of their choice. The findings from this study revealed that the majority of the students are affected by the poor social infrastructural facilities and lack of financial support as well as the increase in the tuition fees raised by the government. The review confirmed that the majority of the students in higher institution of learning will be adversely affected by these challenges because they come from poor families and they cannot continue to study in environments that are not conducive. The paper also identified the need for preventing all these quandaries and predicaments in the higher institutions of learning in South Africa by providing an insight into further research regarding the institutional weaknesses and policy issues. The paper made the following recommendations: the government should collaborate with other governmental organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) as well as other private groups to alert and educate them on the need to support her in order to enable her effectively finance and provide conducive and enabling learning and living conditions for the students in various tertiary institutions of learning in South Africa.


We have read the article "The value of interdisciplinary treatment for sickness absence in chronic pain: A nationwide register-based cohort study" by LoMartire et al (1) with great interest but also great concern. We, a group of experienced specialists, clinicians and scientists in Pain Medicine, welcome well-designed good quality studies on the treatment of chronic pain, a major health problem. Valid evidence on the benefits of interventions is of great importance for healthcare and Society. A critical appraisal of current standard of care methods is certainly warranted in order to promote continuous improvement. However, the present study has in our opinion several critical issues to which we would like to draw your attention.


Objective To investigate the relationship between human parvovirus B19 infection and colon cancer.Methods B19DNA in blood samples of 160 clinically confirmed large intestine cancer cases and 120 healthy persons were determined by PCR.Results Fifteen samples out of 160 colon cancer cases were positive for B19 DNA(9.38%);while 1 cases was positive in health person(0.83%),showing significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion The infection rate of human parvovirus in colon cancer patients is obviously higher than that of healthy ones.


Background The Shannon diversity index has been widely used in population genetics studies. Recently, it was proposed as a unifying measure of diversity at different levels—from genes and populations to whole species and ecosystems. The index, however, was proven to be negatively biased at small sample sizes. Modifications to the original Shannon's formula have been proposed to obtain an unbiased estimator. Methods In this study, the performance of four different estimators of Shannon index—the original Shannon's formula and those of Zahl, Chao and Shen and Chao et al.—was tested on simulated microsatellite data. Both the simulation and analysis of the results were performed in the R language environment. A new R function was created for the calculation of all four indices from the genind data format. Results Sample size dependence was detected in all the estimators analysed; however, the deviation from parametric values was substantially smaller in the derived measures than in the original Shannon's formula. Error rate was negatively associated with population heterozygosity. Comparisons among loci showed that fast-mutating loci were less affected by the error, except for the original Shannon's estimator which, in the smallest sample, was more strongly affected by loci with a higher number of alleles. The Zahl and Chao et al. estimators performed notably better than the original Shannon's formula. Conclusion The results of this study show that the original Shannon index should no longer be used as a measure of genetic diversity and should be replaced by Zahl's unbiased estimator.


This study proposes an approach to simulate the effects of initial density on the relative coefficient of permeability for unsaturated soils. The density-dependent permeability function is derived based on (i) an incremental relationship between the degree of saturation and the initial void ratio with various suctions and (ii) the relationship between the permeability function and the soil-water retention curve (SWRC). Only one additional parameter is required in the proposed function, which can be calibrated using a conventional SWRC test. A number of test results in the literature are employed to validate the proposed density-dependent permeability function, and the model predictions indicate good agreement with the experimental data in the literature.


In order to standardize the construction of smart construction site of substation, meet the requirements of observable, measurable and controllable whole process of project technology, safety, quality, progress and procurement, and realize the goal of lean management and control, this paper expounds the concept of smart construction site from four aspects: Framework Construction of smart construction site, platform and module construction of smart construction site, mechanism construction and pilot application. This paper puts forward an overall scheme of smart substation construction site based on 5g technology, which combines big data, artificial intelligence, state perception and video recognition technology to solve the multi-dimensional management requirements of safety, quality and progress during construction. The intelligent site visualization platform is established and integrated with 3D model to realize 3D visualization display of site information.


Chemistry Laboratory serves all of the students that was programmed chemistry lab works. The satisfaction of the students was studied that involving 50 students, the study was conducted to measure the students' satisfaction towards the services offered by the laboratory, Measurement of the students' satisfaction was conducted using statistical parametric t-test. The study shows that the students' satisfaction more than 75%. Normal 0 false false false MS X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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 Chemistry Laboratory serves all of the students that was programmed chemistry lab works. The satisfaction of the students was studied that involving 50 students, the study was conducted to measure the students' satisfaction towards the services offered by the laboratory, Measurement of the students' satisfaction was conducted using statistical parametric t-test. The study shows that the students' satisfaction more than 75%. Normal 0 false false false MS X-NONE X-NONE


Color metamerism widely exists in color related industry such as textile dyeing and printing, so the concept and evaluation method of color metamerism are detailed in this article. In fact, the effect of illuminating source on object color is due to the color rendering property of the light source, of which the CIE recommended the corresponding procedure for calculating the color rendering indices.


Today, the use of nursery-produced seedlings is the most widely adopted method in forest restoration processes. To ensure and enhance the performance of transplanting seedlings into a specific area, soil amendments are often used due to their ability to improve soil physicochemical properties and, in turn, plant growth and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Populus euramericana growth and development on a growing substrate added with biochar and compost, both alone and in combination. To accomplish this aim, a pot experiment was performed to test biochar and/or compost effects on growing substrate physicochemical characteristics, plant morpho-physiological traits, and plant phenology. The results showed that biochar and/or compost improved growing substrate properties by increasing electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient concentrations. On the one hand, these ameliorations accelerated poplar growth and development. On the other hand, amendments did not have positive effects on some plant morphological traits, although compost alone increased plant height, and very fine and fine root length. The combined use of biochar and compost did not show any synergistic or cumulative beneficial effects and led to a reduction in plant growth and development. In conclusion, compost alone seems to be the best solution in both ameliorating substrate characteristics and increasing plant growth, highlighting the great potential for its proper and effective application in large-scale forest restoration strategies.


Abstract INTRODUCTION In this study, we tried to investigate alteration of oncogenic properties and their molecular regulatory mechanism of talaporfin sodium (NPe6)-mediated photodynamic therapy (NPe6-PDT)-survived glioblastoma (GBM) cells. METHODS As the in-vitro NPe6-PDT model, human GBM cell lines (T98G, U87MG, U343), and patient derived GBM stem cells (GSY03, GSC23, MGG152) were pretreated with 0-30ug/ml NPe6 for 4 hours followed by laser irradiation (wave length 664 nm, laser-power 33 mW/cm2, total amount of irradiation 10 J/cm2) using a semiconductor laser irradiator (Panasonic Healthcare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Cell death after PDT was evaluated by vital dye exclusion assay using Hoechst3342 and propidium iodide or CellTiter-Glo. Survived cells after NPe6-PDT (PDT-R cells) were repropagated, and alteration of intracellular molecular signaling or migration/invasion capability were analyzed by immunoblotting or Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS In both human GBM cell lines and patient derived GBM cells, cellular viability after NPe6-PDT was decreased with dose-dependent manner of pretreated NPe6. PDT-R cells showed not only resistance against NPe6-PDT-induced cell death but also higher invasiveness and migration capability compared with pre-PDT treated cells (PDT-Con cells), and immunoblot analysis demonstrated upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PDT-R cells in comparison with PDT-Con cells. Furthermore, these acquired malignant behavior of PDT-R cells were repressed by concomitant use of MEK1/2 inhibitor Trametinib with NPe6-PDT. CONCLUSION We discovered PDT-R cells demonstrated higher malignant phenotypes via ERK1/2-dependent machinery compared with parent pre-PDT-treated cells. It was also suggested concomitant treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitor during PDT therapy in GBM cases would contribute to better outcome.


To study the present state of endemic fluorosis in China mainland,and to summarize the relationship between fluorine and health.After investigating the present state of endemic fluorosis in each province/municipality /autonomous region,we found each of them was influenced by endemic fluorosis except Shanghai.Altogether 1,226 counties and more than two hundred millions people were influenced by endemic fluorosis.China mainland was the high incidence area of endemic fluorosis.To reduce the intake of fluoride is of great significance to decreasing the incidence of endemic fluorosis in high fluoride areas.


By the orthogonal regressive principle, the experimental method is designed, and the regularity that the affect of Si, Al and re on the mechanical properties of cast zincbase alloy is researched. The results show that Si and Al have a notable influence on the hardness of zinc alloy at room temperature and 100℃, and on compression strength as well. If Al is increased properly, Si content is controlled and re is added to inoculate zinc alloy, the wearresisting zinc alloy with strengtheningtoughening property can be obtained.


An investigation into the distribution of lead, manganese, copper, zinc, mercury, iron, chromium and cadmium in the sediment, water and the organs of Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zillii , African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) and Citharinus citerus obtained from Ero Dam in Ikun-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria was undertaken. This was done to ascertain the presence of these metals in the three matrixes and to determine the bioaccumulation factors of these metals in the organs of these fishes. The three matrixes were differently digested and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200). Hg was determined via cold vapour generation. The levels of the metals in water were very much lower than their corresponding concentrations in the sediment. In the same vein, concentrations of the metals in the fish organs were higher than those recorded for the water except Cu and Mn that showed slight variations. The most concentrated metal in the organs of the four fish species was Zn which recorded concentrations (mg/kg) ranging from 7.36±0.03 in the head of Clarias gariepinus to 8.12±0.13 in that of Citharinus citerus . In Clarias gariepinu s, Cr, Cd and Hg were only detected in its gills. On the contrary, all the metals were detected in the organs of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii . Zn, Mn and Fe were the three most abundant metals in the organs of these fishes. The highly toxic metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in this determination were either not detected or detected at low levels. It is obvious from this work that Zn was bioaccumulated most in the organs of each fish. It is certain that heavy metals are present in Ero dam but in low concentrations. This calls for constant monitoring because as industries are established in Ekiti State, Nigeria, the level of heavy metals in this dam may increase. Keywords : Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zillii, Citharinus citerus


In this paper, the dynamics of a flapping wing vehicle are studied. A quasi-steady model is developed to analyze its aerodynamic forces and moments. The unsteady effects are considered both in hovering state and forward flight state. Different from existing flapping wing vehicle dynamics model, the rudder's dynamics are concurrently considered in the proposed one. Numerical simulation is conducted for showing the detail characteristics of the flapping wing vehicle. After rigorous summation and analysis, a simplified dynamic model is constructed by using the averaging theory. The development of the simplified model paved the way for further studies and applications of similar flapping vehicle mechanism, such as perturbation analysis and controller design.


FIELD: automotive industry. SUBSTANCE: proposed starter-generator set of vehicle comprises a reversible electrical machine comprising a stator (1) connected to the housing (2) of the internal combustion engine, a rotor (3) connected by the threaded fasteners to the shaft (4) of the engine, a casing (5) attached to the housing (2) of the engine. The stator is connected by the electric circuit to the accumulator battery. The rotor is made in the form of a toroidal bowl having at the periphery the windows (6) separated by partitions formed by long curvilinear blades (7), (8) located on the concave surface of the bowl facing the stator (1). Part of the partitions between the windows in the bowl is formed by long blades (7), and the other equal part of the partitions - by short blades (8) located between the long blades (7). The bowl is attached to the hoop (9) surrounding the stator (1). In the hoop (9) in front of the stator an elastic cylindrical ring (10) of resin-bonded magnet is inserted. In the casing (5) along the axis of the electrical machine there are two rows of ventilation openings (11) and (12) separated by a tapered ridge (13) made on the inner surface of the casing opposite the rotor and protruding towards the said hoop (9). EFFECT: ensuring effective cooling of the starter-generator set for compliance with optimum thermal mode of its operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg


The procedure to test the solvent content in bath composition of polybutadiene anodic electrophoresis paint by gas chromatography is discussed. The precision, accuracy and selection theory thereof are investigated. The test results show that the method is reliable and simple.


Owing to the technological revolution of widespread internet access telecom industries are expanding rapidly to cope up with up trending user demand. As a consequence, the vast amount of energy consumed by the cellular networks has become a great concern from an economic and environmental perspective. The ever-increasing energy demand has received a considerable attention about the future energy availability and associated costs due to the limited fuel energy sources. This study examined the feasibility of hybrid PV/DG system to powering the off-grid BSs in a remote area of Bangladesh aiming to diminish the sole dependency on fuel energy source as well as minimize the pollution rate. The proposed system has been extensively analyzed focusing on the major key aspects: energy status, economic status and environmental status for both dynamic and peak traffic varying transmission bandwidth (BW). Simulation results exhibit that the proposed system under dynamic traffic distribution inherently reduces the diesel consumption thoroughly maximizing renewable energy utilization. After that, this paper compares the performance parameters of the proposed system with the standalone DG considering the dynamic and peak load for different bandwidth. The proposed system has the potential to reduces the electricity generation cost and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) emissions about 5.3 % and 98% respectively over the standalone DG system.


Aims: In this study we want to show that the osteotomy according to scarf is a stable and joint maintaining surgical treatment in patients with hallux valgus, lacking strong signs of arthrosis. The scarf osteotomy is a long z-formed osteotomy of the metatarsal bone, þxed with two titanium screws. Methods: In this retrospective study 106 osteotomies according to scarf were examined. The average follow up period was 33.5 months, the operations were carried out over a period between January 1995 and August 1999. Pre- and post operatively the MTP I, and the IM angles were measured and special attention was paid to the development of arthrosis in the MTP I joint. Subjectively, the VAS score was used for evaluation. Results: The hallux valgus angle was reduced from 29 degrees pre operatively to 16.1 degrees post operatively, average pre operative IM angle was reduced from 15 degrees to 9.6 degrees post operatively. All patients had clinical pain in the MTP I joint pre operatively and shoe consict, after the operation only 7 patients were dissatisþed. Post operatively there was a reduction of the VAS score (pre op 85, post op 18). Only in 9 cases was there a worsening of the arthrosis in the MTP I joint. Conclusions: The scarf osteotomy is a technically challenging but very safe osteotomy with immediate exercising stability. It offers good possibilities of correction of MTP I and IM angle.