Purpose: To assess the feasibility of treating lung SBRT patients with the ipsilateral arm adducted beside the body instead of elevated above the head. Methods: Patients receiving lung SBRT at our institution are typically treated with both arms raised above their head. However, several patients had difficulty maintaining their arms in an elevated position. In this study, lung SBRT patients who underwent PET-CT imaging with an adducted ipsilateral arm were selected to investigate the dosimetric effects of this treatment setup. PET-CT datasets were fused with treatment planning CT images to simulate the adducted arm position. One VMAT treatment plan was created per patient using the Pinnacle treatment planning system. Plans were optimized to achieve minimal dose to the ipsilateral arm while keeping the target coverage and critical structure doses within clinical limits. The target dose coverage, conformity index (CI) for the target, and DVHs of critical structures for the adducted arm plan were calculated. These parameters were compared with the clinical plan and reported along with the mean and maximum doses of the ipsilateral arm. Results: The target coverage, CI and DVHs for the adducted arm plans of two patients (one with peripheral lesion and one with central lesion) were comparable with the clinical plans. Dose constraints for the chest wall limited further reduction of ipsilateral arm doses for the peripheral lesion plan. The mean ipsilateral arm doses for the central and peripheral lesions were 0.33 Gy and 2.4 Gy, respectively. The maximum ipsilateral arm doses for the central and peripheral lesions were 1.0 Gy and 6.2 Gy, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggested patients with central lung SBRT tumors were more suitable for treatment with the adducted arm position. More patients with various lung tumor locations will be studied to find optimal tumor locations for treatment with this arm position.


In modern intensive care units (ICUs) a vast and varied amount of physiological data is measured and collected, with the intent of providing clinicians with detailed information about the physiological state of each patient. The data include measurements from the bedside monitors of heavily instrumented patients, imaging studies, laboratory test results, and clinical observations. The clinician's task of integrating and interpreting the data, however, is complicated by the sheer volume of information and the challenges of organizing it appropriately. This task is made even more difficult by ICU patients' frequently-changing physiological state. Although the extensive clinical information collected in ICUs presents a challenge, it also opens up several opportunities. In particular, we believe that physiologically-based computational models and model-based estimation methods can be harnessed to better understand and track patient state. These methods would integrate a patient's hemodynamic data streams by analyzing and interpreting the available information, and presenting resultant pathophysiological hypotheses to the clinical staff in an efficient manner. In this thesis, such a possibility is developed in the context of cardiovascular dynamics. The central results of this thesis concern averaged models of cardiovascular dynamics and a novel estimation method for continuously tracking cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. This method exploits both intra-beat and inter-beat dynamics of arterial blood pressure, and incorporates a parametrized model of arterial compliance. We validated our method with animal data from laboratory experiments and ICU patient data. The resulting root-mean-square-normalized errors – at most 15% depending on the data set – are quite low and clinically acceptable. In addition, we describe a novel estimation scheme for continuously monitoring left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume. We validated this method on an animal data set. Again, the resulting root-mean-square-normalized errors were quite low – at most 13%. By continuously monitoring cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and arterial blood pressure, one has the basis for distinguishing between cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and septic shock. We hope that the results in this thesis will contribute to the development of a next-generation patient monitoring system. Thesis Supervisor: Professor George C. Verghese Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Thomas Heldt Title: Postdoctoral Associate


The construction industry has great opportunities to significantly reduce CO2 emissions by improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, in this industry, diffusion of cost-effective clean technologies has been notoriously slow and below potential. This paper sheds light on factors that explain why construction companies have been reluctant to adopt energy-efficient technologies. It questions why some companies have intensified their investments in clean technologies, while others are lagging behind. Based on a multiple case study of four Dutch building contractors, the paper shows that contractors that actively gather information and build internal technical capacity are keener on adopting energy-efficient technologies. Findings also reveal that it will be a major challenge for the construction industry to communicate the advantages of clean technologies to (potential) home buyers and create market demand.


I BELIEVE SCrlIZOI'rlRENIA to be a complicated form of human existence, beginning in childhood and evolving out of basic needs to maintain life and growth under unnatural conditions. The consequences and patterns of this kind of growing are such that a person's premises become almost entirely irrational, his feelings terrifying, his behavior bizarre and his style of living strikingly different from that of others in his society. The styles of life vary from person to person, but fall into broad general groupings. Varying, als% are the ,degrees of apparent disorder. A schizophrenic person has lived, for nearly all of his lifetime, in chronic anxiety and terror. His sense of self is compounded of contradictions and unrealities. He feels empty; while yearning to be open, he feels closed off from others. Psychic pain pervades him and appears to him as concrete external reality. Living in a subjective nightmare he experiences the threat of becoming separated from the outer world. He cannot reach it and yearns to have it reach him across his barriers. He has a sense of being permanently defective and of having been irreparably damaged, to which belief he responds with feelings of being abused. He hates, envies and distrusts others. Whatever spontaneity he has, is buried. To say that he hates himself implies a "he" that hates and a "himself" that is hated, but this is not the case. Rather, feeling loathsome, he believes he is inhuman. Seemingly strange goals bring him to a psychoanalyst. They are not so very strange as that he must state them indirectly. He may say, "I have no friends, I want you to tell me what to do"; or "I smell bad"; or "The F.B.I. has microphones in my house and I have heard that you have influence."


Pregnancy of women who underwent organ transplantation is now not only common, but also successful for both mother and infant. Most pregnancies have been reported in women with renal allografts. The main issue of this subject includes: interactions between pregnancy, transplanted organ and organ transplantation receptor, perinatal risks, effect of immunosuppressive therapy on pregnancy and perinatal care.


The article analyses the impact of globalization and innovation as externalities on the economic system and more precisely industries. The impact is examined through the change in the dynamics of the labor market by sectoral level in Bulgaria and the EU. The results show how the nature of labor is changing in the context of structural industrial changes. The conclusions contribute to the development of more effective and adequate policies to promote economic activity in its economic and social dimensions or how to respond to global challenges through innovation. © 2022 Author(s).


Deployments of wireless LANs consisting of hundreds of 802.11 access points with a large number of users have been reported in enterprises as well as college campuses. However, due to the unreliable nature of wireless links, users frequently encounter degraded performance and lack of coverage. This problem is even worse in unplanned networks, such as the numerous access points deployed by homeowners. Existing approaches that aim to diagnose these problems are inefficient because they troubleshoot at too high a level, and are unable to distinguish among the root causes of degradation. This paper designs, implements, and tests fine-grained detection algorithms that are capable of distinguishing between root causes of wireless anomalies at the depth of the physical layer. An important property that emerges from our system is that diagnostic observations are combined from multiple sources over multiple time instances for improved accuracy and efficiency.


Though rocket nozzle flow is very important to the rocket performance, the direct measurement is very difficult because of high temperature and high pressure gas flow. Then the experiment utilizing the hydraulic analogy has been developed for such a problem. Supersonic flows through an axisymmetric De Laval nozzle of solid rocket motor was simulated in a 2-D sluice-type water-table designed and manufactured utilizing hydraulic analogy. Methods to minimize or account for non-analogous effects in the hydraulic system must be reviewed for the quantitative application of the hydraulic analogy. In this application the water table is inclined slightly, so that gravity acceleration has a small component in the direction of motion, thus compensating for the effect of friction. Flow visualization leads to better understanding of the analogous system. Within the experimental errors, it is shown that the hydraulic analogy can be used as an effective tool for the study of two dimensional isentropic flows of gases in many fields.


The main process parameters of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization are analyzed.The process flow of limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization using pneumatic desulphurization technology is discussed with engineering examples.The flue gas emission targets meet the standard requirement.


The purpose of this study is to conduct a visitor survey which provides demographical characteristics, a profile of the characteristic, travel behavior in different forest trails; Bukhansan trail, Uljin trail, Jirisan trail. Bukhansan trail (second course) is about 3 km and many visitors are nearby residents for the walking. Uljin trail is 80 km, especially conducting visitor reservation guide system and most visitors are 30s and 50s. Jirisan trail is total 209.3 km (a total of 17 courses), networking regional trail routes and was most popular between the ages of 20 and 39. The results showed that Bukhansan trail was used for light walking course, and visitors preferred health related activities. In Uljin trail, visitors expected trekking with nature-based activities and visitors of Jirisan trail seemed to prefer trekking and request more trail's walkability than other trail users.


: The invention of technology and its entry into many fields facilitated many things. For example, there were smart systems that were based on diagnosing diseases, organizing traffic, and teaching students in schools. These days, relying on traditional education (classroom lectures, texts, and individual assignments) at schools is no longer the only and best solution for educating students, increasing their culture and keeping them up to date in life. E-learning was an ideal solution, based on Lifelong learning implies lifelong education, artificial intelligence has an imprint in this by developing systems depend on one or more teacher for each student. In this paper, Intelligent Tutoring System Builder explains in terms of the meaning, key components and the integration between them. In order to implement this system, we had a smart Excel education system called Excel Intelligent Tutoring System, which aimed at novice students as users, and teachers as an exhibitor of educational material, with a simple explanation of how to use and benefit from the system. At the end, a system evaluation presentation was accepted as the basis for a long-term education project.


PURPOSE: To provide an identification card, in which the IC module support is almost the same size as the IC module, securely protects the IC module, and is easily built into the identification card. CONSTITUTION: An integrated circuit module 3 is connected to a support using a conductive lead 4, which is provided with one end connected to the terminal of the integrated circuit module 3 and the other end forming a contact point face 4a and which is flexible and extends beyond the edge of a support film 40. The flexible end part of the lead 4 passes through a slot 44 in a cover 41 of the identification card and is folded back on the cover 41.


Several types of pyrotechnic igniters have been evaluated using the technique of laser-illuminated high speed photography with a copper vapor laser. The accompanying video tape shows the results of high speed filras recorded for two types of igniters (Type Xl and Type X2) fired in confinement in a lucite block and four types of igniters (Type Xl, Type X2, Type X3, and Type X4) igniters fired at aiabient. The films of the Type Xl and Type X2 igniters were recorded for both a coarse particle titanium potassium perchlorate (TiKP) output charge and a fine particle TiKP output charge. The results of these films are most informative, and the technique is shown to be useful as a design tool for studying the performance of igniters.


"radical" to "pragmatic" neoliberalism in the wake of the 1982 economic crisis, arguing that the success of this policy change strengthened Chilean capitalists and prepared them to exercise decisive influence in the post-Pinochet years. Guillermo Campero examines entrepreneurs and their organizations under the military regime, focusing on the rivalry between modest capitalists (organized in the council of Small and Medium Business, CPME) and the more successful traditional elite associations, grouped in the Confederation of Production and Commerce (CPC). The large-scale capitalists vigorously promoted the North American-style business ideology depicting entrepreneurship as the engine of economic development and social progress as a means of strengthening their position in the post-Pinochet era.


With China's economic growth and the improvement of its people's consumption capacity,the construction of shopping mall has become a hot topic of china's business development,which is seen as the third wave of business property construction after departemnt store and business street.In respect of the facts in China currently, the author discusses and analyzes the main bottlenecks against the development of shopping centers, correspondingly, putting forth the countermeasures according to the successful experiences internationally and domestically.


Abstract This article seeks to define a certain set of priority areas in need of strategic development-oriented intervention in contexts that are linked to failed, failing, and week states, including post-conflict societies. The need for prioritization is dictated, among others, by the scarcity of resources and an overall unenthusiastic climate for international aid and other development efforts. The very choice of the areas can in itself be conceived as a prioritization. These four priority areas, operationalized in the article, form the core of the argument, namely (1) effective institutions; (2) enforceable universalistic human rights /rule of law; (3) economic development; and (4) effectuation of supranational efforts and policies in line with contextual domestic circumstances.


RN's financial columnist offers wisdom on the true role of money in our lives, and our role in managing it more effectively, as America recovers from the crash of 2008.


Demographics: The mean age was 42.5 years (range 26-52). 57% were female and 43% male. 21% were smokers and 14% had positive family history of thyroid disease. Clinical Presentation: 57% of patients developed hypothyroidism, 21% developed thyroiditis, 14% hyperthyroidism and 1 patient developed sick euthyroidism. The mean speed of onset of thyroid dysfunction was 12.3 weeks (range 7.7 weeks to 21 weeks). Symptoms: The most prevalent symptom in patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis was sweating (100% of patients), followed by palpitations (80%), increased stool frequency and weight loss (60%). 40% of patients were asymptomatic. Hypothyroid patients presented with weight gain (63%), fatigue (50%) and cold intolerance/ poor concentration (25%). Signs: Interestingly, 86% of cases had no abnormal physical signs. There were no patients with eye signs. Interferon Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: A Case Series


We benchmark Q-learning methods, with various action selection strategies, in intelligent orchestration of the network edge. Q-learning is a reinforcement learning technique that aims to find optimal action policies by taking advantage of the experiences in the past without utilizing a model that describes the dynamics of the environment. With experiences, we refer to the observed causality between the action and the corresponding impact to the environment. In this paper, the environment for Q-learning is composed of virtualized networking resources along with their dynamics that are monitored with Spindump, an in-network latency measurement tool with support for QUIC and TCP. We optimize the orchestration of these networking resources by introducing Q-learning as part of the machine learning driven, intelligent orchestration that is applicable in the edge. Based on the benchmarking results, we identify which action selection strategies support network orchestration that provides low latency and packet loss by considering network resource allocation in the edge.


vi120 NEURO-ONCOLOGY • NOVEMBER 2016 BACKGROUND: The development of brain metastasis (BM) from systemic cancer is associated with poor overall survival. However, a small subset of patients are able to overcome the likelihood of fatality in the first few years after central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Little is known about the quality of life and neurocognitive outcomes in these survivors. METHODS: The records of 3643 patients who underwent treatment for BM with potential for ≥5 years of follow-up were reviewed from a single institution database. RESULTS: The median age at CNS involvement was 60  years and median OS was 7.6 months. The OS rate was 35 % at 1 year, 17% at 2 years, and 3.8% at 5 years. The 138 patients surviving ≥ 5 years had a median survival of 6.67 yrs. A small subset (17) of these survivors have completed neuropsychological evaluations during the survival period. Fourteen of these patients (82%) had initial treatment that included whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Fourteen (82%) had neurologic deficits (i.e., hemiparesis, visual field deficits, gait). KPS scores were ≥ 70 in seven of the patients (41%), whereas the remainder had scores of ≤60. On neuropsychological assessment, completed on average 6.8 years after neurologic involvement, 13 patients (76%) had cognitive impairment in at least one domain tested. Rates of impairment by domain were as follows: Memory 65%, Speed of processing 76%, Executive function 76%, Visuospatial processes 41%, and Language 31%. On mood related questionnaires, 30% endorsed at least a mild level of depression symptoms. Only 1 patient had neither neurologic sequelae nor cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION: A small percentage of BM patients have extended survival, but neurologic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits are common, which is often due to long term sequelae of the metastases themselves or treatment-related side effects. Factors that predict survival and favorable outcome are discussed. NCOG-04. IMPAIRED FLUID COGNITION IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA OF THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBES Stefan  Lang1, Ismael  Gaxiola1, Brad  Goodyear2, Paulo  Federico1 and John Kelly3; 1University of Calgary, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Calgary, Canada, 2University of Calgary, Department of Radiology, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada BACKGROUND: Patients with gliomas are known to have baseline cognitive impairment. However, the characteristics of these cognitive effects have not been well defined. Intellectual ability can be dichotomized into fluid and crystallized components. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the difference between measures of fluid and crystalized cognition in patients with frontal and parietal brain tumours. METHODS: Seven healthy control subjects and ten patients with gliomas of the frontal or parietal lobes, completed all tests within the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NTCB). The NTCB consists of seven tasks: Dimensional Change Card Sort, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, Picture Sequence Memory, Picture Vocabulary, Oral Reading Recognition, Pattern Comparison Processing Speed, and List Sorting Working Memory. From these tests, three composite scores are calculated. The Fluid cognition composite score is comprised of the Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort, Picture Sequence Memory, List Sorting, and Pattern Comparison tasks. The Crystallized Cognition Composite Score is comprised of the Picture Vocabulary Test and the Oral Reading Recognition Test. These tests are validated, normed, and corrected for age and education. Unpaired two sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the overall composite cognitive score in patients compared to controls (49.10 vs 57.29; p=0.21). However, compared to controls, patients demonstrate lower scores of fluid cognition (41.34 vs 57.57; p=0.036), whereas there was no difference in measures of crystalized cognition (57.34 vs 54.94; p=0.61). Within groups, patients had significantly lower scores of fluid cognition compared to crystalized cognition (p=0.021). Control subjects demonstrated no difference between these measures (p=0.55). CONCLUSION: Patients with gliomas of the frontal and parietal lobes demonstrate impaired fluid cognition with preserved crystallized cognition. This may be due to differential disruption in the underlying neural networks sub-serving these abilities. NCOG-05. THE USE OF STRATEGIES TO COMPENSATE FOR COGNITIVE, BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES AFTER A PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR Eng-Siew  Koh1,2, Diane  Whiting3, Wafa  Trad1, Lauren  Gillett4, Teresa  Simpson1 and Grahame  Simpson3,5; 1Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia, 2University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 3Brain Injury Rehabilitation Research Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia, 4Department of Neurology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia, 5John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia AIMS: Changes have been reported to cognitive, behavioural and emotional functioning among patients with primary brain tumour (PBT). It is not known though, whether individuals are utilising strategies to compensate for these changes. This study sought to measure individuals' strategy use to manage changes after the onset of a PBT and whether this changed from preto post-diagnosis. METHODS: Individuals (n= 38) with an average age of 52.6 years and diagnosed with a PBT were administered the Strategy Use Measure (SUM) on average 37.6 months (SD=49.0) post diagnosis. Individuals were at various stages of the treatment phase and were across the spectrum of PBT type. The SUM is a 14 item self-report measure that assesses strategy use pre and post diagnosis on a five-point Likert scale (total score range 0-56). In addition to the total score, there are three sub-scales, namely Memory and Planning (MP, 5 items), Emotion and Mood (EM, 5 items) and Cognitive Load (CL, 4 items). It has been validated on an acquired brain injury population (including PBT) and subscales have good reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranges from .82-.83). RESULTS: Individuals with PBT reported a significant increase in strategy use (t-tests, all p<.001) from pre to post diagnosis across all three sub scales of the SUM (MP, pre 9.42 ± 4.7, post 14.71 ± 6.0; EM, pre 5.53 ± 4.0, post 9.82 ± 4.0; CL, pre 3.84 ± 3.3, post 10.32 ± 3.6) and for total strategy use (pre 18.8 ± 10.7, post 34.8 ± 11.5). The highest reported increase was on the subscale that assessed the management of cognitive load and the highest individual item endorsed was managing fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The SUM demonstrates that clients significantly increase their strategy use in an attempt to manage the cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes post-PBT. The SUM can help measure the efficacy of interventions that seek to increase strategy use after PBT. NCOG-06. USABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A PHONE BATTERY TO ASSESS LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING AWAKE SURGERY Elke De  Witte1, Vitoria  Piai2, Nina  Dronkers3 and Mitchel S.  Berger1; 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2Donder's Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 3Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, VA, Martinez, CA, USA INTRODUCTION: Awake surgery in eloquent brain regions is performed to preserve language functions. Although in general no major permanent language deficits are found after awake brain surgery, clinically relevant impairments are detected (Satoer et al., 2014). Unfortunately, follow-up of tumor patients in the San Francisco area is difficult since most patients are not local and come from far. Therefore, we developed a short language phone battery for preand postoperative language assessments. METHODS: Phase 1: task and item selection of the phone battery. The development of the phone battery was based on the Dutch Linguistic Intraoperative Protocol (De Witte et al., 2015) and existing standardized English batteries. Two parallel versions were composed and tested in healthy native English speakers. The test items were controlled for linguistic variables (e.g. frequency). Phase 2: clinical use of the phone battery in tumor patients. The phone battery was administered in a group of 15 tumor patients before surgery and at 1 week after surgery. Followup test moments at 1 month and 3 months postsurgery are planned. These patient data will be compared with language data collected in a group of 15 matched controls. RESULTS: Phase 1: The phone test battery includes auditory comprehension, repetition, semantic selection, sentence/story completion, verbal naming and fluency tests. It takes less than 20 minutes to administer. The healthy participants had no difficulty performing any of the seven language tests via the phone, attesting to the feasibility of a phone assessment. Phase 2: In the tumor group wordfinding, phonological and fluency problems were found at 1 week postsurgery. Longer follow-up data will be analysed and discussed. DISCUSSION: The use of telephone batteries to conduct language assessments from afar can provide convenience, reduce costs (for traveling), and optimize patient care as assessment services might be unavailable locally. NCOG-07. PEDIATRIC TECTAL PLATE GLIOMAS AND THE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT ON ATTENTION Jeffrey  Murray1, Beth  Colaluca1, Emily  Brown2 and Richard  Brown3; 1Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 2Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 3West Coast Analytics, Irvine, CA, USA Adequately treated hydrocephalus is linked to attention problems in children. Few studies have specifically evaluated patients with tectal plate glioma (TPG)-associated obstructive hydrocephalus. Gass et  al. (2015) conducted a review of clinical outcomes in children treated for TPG and foun


The smart wheelchair helps the activities of someone who has a physical disability. The smart wheelchair has several capabilities, one of these capabilities is detecting obstacles in the form of stairs descent. Where if they are not aware of the stairs descent, they can fall, it will be an effect injuring. Therefore this study aims to create a system that is able to detect stairs descent based on digital image and provide notifications. The system was built using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix method as feature extraction and Learning Vector Quantization to classify the stairs descent based on the digital image. From the results of the tests that have been carried out using 200 training data and 40 test data obtained an accuracy rate of 92.5 The faster average computation time is 0.02779 (s) for detecting the stairs descent.


mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Cooke and Lefor, 1990). Previously, mycorrhizal fungi had been shown to infect D. spicata under saline condi? tions (Allen and Cunningham, 1983). In most natural grassland soils and in agricultural soils, VAM fungi have been found at soil depths of up to 50 cm or more (Zajicek et al., 1986; An et al., 1990). The present study was made to determine the depth to which VAM fungal structures were found in root samples from a mixed community of S. patens and D. spicata growing in saturated soils of an eastern Connecticut salt marsh. Samples were collected in a 5.3 ha salt marsh along Baker's Cove, located south of Thomas Road and north of the Providence-Worcester


Temperature and humidity controlling system which has the function of alarm memory was designed by PROTEUS software. The MCU AT89C51 was used to control the whole system. The humidity and temperature sensor SHT11 was used as the data collector. The system compare the collecting temperature and humidity data with their normal value to decide whether modifying the temperature and humidity or not. The software of PROTEUS was used to do the simulation of the designed system to evaluate the design's feasibility and stability. So the debugging time in objective hardware was reduced, the development process was accelerated.


In contrast with the global movement of goods, capital and ideas the global movement of people suffers a critical deficit of accurate and reliable knowledge. Advancing research that allows informed policymaking on migration has become a compelling necessity for the functioning of our democracies. Importantly, migration by nature has two ends and, often, several intermediate steps. While migration studies have mostly been developed at, and with an exclusive focus on, the receiving end, a comprehensive understanding of migration processes requires that in-depth attention be paid to the various countries involved, from those of origin and transit to those of destination.


Tomographers map mesoscale ocean structure by inverting acoustic travel-time measurements through networks of underwater paths. To know where to deploy sensors and how to interpret their measurements, one must first understand the "forward problem," that is, how the sound channel and mesoscale features refract sound in three dimensions, and how such refraction alters the pulse-arrival sequence. We use a Hamiltonian ray-tracing program called HARPO to compute the refraction by continuous three-dimensional ocean models and to display the results in ways that add insight about refractive effects. We first simulate propagation in a simple range-independent sound channel, showing how pulse-arrival sequence depends on channel parameters and sensor placement. Next, we add linear range dependence and show that it is hard to extract range information from pulse measurements at one range. Finally, we add a simple model of a mesoscale eddy including its currents and show that deflection and splitting of the sound channel significantly alter the pulse-arrival sequence. Two diagrams that have not been widely used before are useful ways to display the arrival-time and ray-focusing perturbations caused by changes in ocean structure: they are plots of range versus launch angle and range versus travel time. Examples of azimuthal deflection, three-dimensional eigenrays, and reciprocal propagation through eddy currents are shown, and simplified methods for estimating the travel time of three-dimensional eigenrays are evaluated.


Innovative reactor concepts show evidence to significantly improve the reaction performance in comparison to conventional reactor systems. To evaluate the reactor concepts, experimental investigati...


Throughout the world, power utilities have been struggling relentlessly with the delicate balance between cost and security/reliability. The experience gained by the power utilities at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been similar to that of many public and private utilities around the world. In conjunction with energy conservation, power system security and reliability evaluation has grown to constitute a subject of prime interest. This paper presents, illustrative practical applications to evaluate power System reliability based on the (n-1) contingency. Therefore, the methodology is demonstrated in this paper, is based on combined between the evaluation of the reliability indices and contingency analysis. The methodology has been successfully applied to portions of a practical power system representing the Saudi electricity grid, where composite system performance reliability indices have been evaluated. The model System which is used contains hundreds of buses and tens of complex stations and analyzed using advanced and numerically effective large-scale computer scheme.


To lead the middle and primary school Chinese curriculum reform,practice teaching pattern should be reinforced for the Chinese course in higher normal schools.Based on the contemporary advanced education theory,the six-link-practice-teaching pattern,theory teaching-case,teaching-view and emulate teaching-imitation,teaching-on-the-spot teaching-practice teaching,lays stress on the student-centered thought and gives first place to practice.This training pattern aims at cultivating normal school students' practical teaching ability and establishing the preliminary basis for their future teaching career.


The invention discloses a single cylinder pin type hydraulic control system and engineering machinery. The single cylinder pin type hydraulic control system comprises a first one-way valve, a balance valve, a first reversing valve and a first energy accumulator for providing pin pulling pressure for a pin, wherein the oil inlet of the first one-way valve is connected with a rod cavity of a telescopic cylinder, the oil outlet of the first one-way valve is connected with the first energy accumulator, the first reversing valve is arranged on an oil path between the rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the telescopic cylinder and a pressure oil source, the balance valve is arranged on an oil path between the rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the telescopic cylinder and the first reversing valve, and the hydraulic control system also comprises a pressure release valve and a first damper valve, the control end of the balance valve is connected with an oil tank by the pressure release valve, and the first damper valve is connected with the rod cavity of the telescopic cylinder. The single cylinder pin type hydraulic control system and the engineering machinery can provide stable and reliable pin pulling pressure.


Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for 12million death annually in and is commonest cause of death globally.CAD has rapidly emerged as the major contributor to mortality and morbidity in India. What is even unfortunate is that CAD is increasing in younger age groups and running malignant course in certain groups like south Asians, the risk factor profile, age of onset and the course of disease appears to be different in Indians Considering the burden of CAD especially in young age, in India this study is under taken to understand the newer risk factor like lipoprotein (a) ( Lp(a)) in this part of world. The alarming rise in incidence of CAD in younger age group has prompted for search of additional risk factors in this group. The Asian Indian paradox is that the incidence of CAD is high(6% when compared to 2%to4% in west) despite  the lower prevalence  of conventional risk factors like hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, smoking except diabetes approximately 30-5O% of patients in India do not have convectional risk factors. Newer risk factors like hyperhomocystinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, high lipo protein(a) may explain the paradox. Lp (a) is a genetically determine plasminogen like lipoprotein that has been demonstrated as a powerful, independent risk factor for premature atherosclerosis among whites and south Asians and Hispanics in several studies. Hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of Lp(a) in premature CAD in this region. Also the correlation of Lp(a)   to lipid profile is studied ""the lipid tetrad" ( a comprehensive index of newer risk factors ) is calculated . The ""lipid tetrad "" seems to explain the high incidence of CAD in the absence of conventional risk factors especially in certain groups of genetically predisposed populations like … south Asian group.


This experiment was conducted to study the effect of Radix Astragali Complex(RAC),Chinese herbal medicinal additive,on heat stressed dairy cow.12 multiparous Holstein cows,with similar parity,body weight and milk production,were allocated in a single factor design and were assigned randomly to control and treatment group,with 6 cattle per group.Cows in control group were fed basal diet,and in treatment group were fed basal diet supplemented with 200 g RAC additives.The results indicated that feed intake of treatment group was lower(P0.05) than that of control group before week 2,and gradually exceed(P0.05) the control group in week 4.Compared to control group,milk production of treatment group was higher(P0.05) from week 5 to 6.Serum T4 level and total SOD activity in treatment group were significantly higher(P0.05) than that of control group on d 40Serum GSH-Px activity in treatment group was higher than that in control group on d 20(P0.05) and d 40(P0.01),respectively.No difference(P0.05) were found on Serum GSH-Px activity between the 2 groups before d 20.Compared with control group,serum concentration of endotoxin and heat shock protein 70 in treatment group decreased by 20.53% and 6.27% on d 40,respectively,but not different(P0.05) between the 2 groups on d 40.Serum MDA level of treatment group was the same(P0.05) as that in control group before d 40,but lower(P0.05) than that in control group on d 40.Results suggested that herbal additive may increase milk yield by increasing serum T4 level and antioxidase activity,decreasing endotoxin,heat shock protein 70 and MDA level.


1Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 2National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA, 3Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 4NOAA Earth Science Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA, 5Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, 6Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, 7Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 8Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK, 9Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, 10Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia, 11Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Israel, 12School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, USA, 13Centre for Atmospheric Research, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 14National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 15GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany


The paper singles out the key roles of US equity skewness and kurtosis in the determination of the market premia embedded in Hedge Fund returns. We propose a conditional higher-moment asset pricing model with location, trading and higher-moment factors in order to describe the dynamics of the Equity Hedge (Market Neutral, Short Selling and Long/Short strategies), Event Driven, Relative Value, and Funds of Hedge Funds styles. The volatility, skewness and kurtosis implied in the US options markets are used by Hedge Fund managers as instruments to anticipate market movements. Managers should adjust their market exposure in response to variations in the implied higher moments. We show that higher-moment premia improve a conditional asset pricing model both in terms of explanatory power (R-squares and Schwarz criterion) and specification errors across all Hedge Fund styles.


A delayed conditioned reflex was established in man with a metronome as a conditioned stimulul and with an electric light as an unconditioned one. The interval between the beginning of the metronome and the administration of the electric light was twenty seconds. Changes in electroencephalograms were studied in the course of the establishment of the conditioned reflex. 1. As the conditioning proceeded, cortical responses to the com-bination of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus changed in a characteristic manner. 2. When the delayed conditioned reflex was completely established, the amplitude of α-waves increased at the onset of the metronome. In spite of the absence of the unconditioned stimulus the so augumented α-waves were suppressed and β-waves appeared at about the 20th second from the start of the metronome beats. The augumentation of the α-waves is an expression of the internal inhibition developed during the de-layed conditioned reflex, and the suppression of the α-waves and the ap-pearance of the β-waves represent the conditioned cortical excitation. 3. An extra-stimulus inhibited the effect of the inhibition induced by the conditioned stimulus and elicited a long lasting train of β-waves (disinhibition). 4. Experiments on generalisation, differentiation and experimental extinction were carried out when the conditioning was complete. After the differentiation or extinction had been established, it was found that a-waves were well developed in the whole extent of the oscillogram. This phenomenon must be attributed to the differential or extinctive inhibition. 5. The nervous mechanism underlying excitation and inhibition was discussed on the basis of experimental evidence.


OBJECTIVES
The Cox-maze IV is the gold standard for surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). A heart-team hybrid approach using selected epicardial thoracoscopic surgical ablations and completion endocardial ablations to replicate the Cox-maze IV lesion set has gained popularity and early results have been promising. We herein report our single-centre long-term clinical outcomes using the heart-team hybrid approach with 455 patients.

METHODS
From 1 March 2013 to 1 July 2019, we prospectively collected data on all patients referred to our heart team for rhythm-control strategy for AF. Baseline characteristics, procedural complications and long-term freedom from AF (FFAF) both on and off anti-arrhythmic drug therapy were analysed. Ambulatory monitoring (>7 days) was obtained at 3 months and annually thereafter.

RESULTS
Four hundred and fifty-five patients completed the hybrid approach. Four hundred and forty-five (97.8%) patients had non-paroxysmal AF (long-standing persistent AF n = 249, 54.7%; persistent AF n = 196, 43.1%; paroxysmal AF n = 10, 2.2%). Average duration of AF was 5.9 ± 6.1 years. Average left atrial diameter was 4.8 ± 0.8 cm. FFAF at 3, 12, 24 and 36 months was 92%, 87%, 81% and 72%, respectively. FFAF without the use of anti-arrhythmic medications was 75%, 81%, 76% and 66%. Any surgical complications occurred in 28 (6.1%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS
A heart-team hybrid strategy for the treatment of AF is safe and effective. In a predominantly non-paroxysmal population with AF, at the 3-year follow-up, FFAF in patients on and off anti-arrhythmic drugs approaches that of patients who had the Cox-maze IV.


According to the research status on the anti-freezing-thawing property of tackiness agent,it analyzes the impacts of freezing-thawing cycle on the bond strength between steel bonding adhesives and steel bar,and further explores the anti-freezing property of steel bonding adhesives.In the end,it concludes that: there is better adhesive durability between steel bonding adhesives and steel bar.


Objective To investigate the safety of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy(HIVEC) with mitomycin C.Methods Eighteen adult female rabbits were used for this study.Fifteen rabbits were used for the experimental group.The drug solution consisted of 80 mg mitomycin C was dissolved in 600 ml of normal saline.With the treated rabbits fully anesthetized,the catheter with thermometer was placed inside the bladder.The drug solution were heated from 46 ℃ to 54 ℃(amplification 2 ℃),and were constantly pumped into the rabbit's bladder for 45 min.The other three rabbits,which underwent the perfusion of common temperature drug solution,served as control group.In most rabbits,blood analysis were performed before and 2 days after the treatment.Two weeks later,the rabbits were sacrificed at the end of the study.The bladders were,thereafter,macroscopically and microscopically evaluated.SPSS software was used for the statistic analysis of data.Bivariate analysis was employed.Results Histological changes in control group and experimental group beneath 45 ℃ perfusion showed no difference.The increase of thermal damage after treatment with increasing temperature of drug solution was demonstrated.The modification concerning liver and renal function was documented in the experimental group.It was the thermal temperature which affected the change of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,uric acid,fucosease,glutamyl transpeptidase,total protein and serum albumin(P0.05).Conclusion The results of this study suggested that it was a safety therapy for HIVEC with Mitomycin C in 45 min beneath 45 ℃ perfusion.The thermal damages were increasing according to the increase in temperature of drug solution.


This research aims to determine the effect of liquidity, profitability, debt structure, solvency and activity ratio to bankruptcy prediction. The sample used in this research is a manufacturing company that in listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2012–2016. The amount of the sample in this research amounted to 88 manufacturing companies, by using purposive sampling. The method of data analysis is done by using logistic regression. The result of this research indicate that profitability and activity ratio have a significant negative effect on bankruptcy, while liquidity, debt structure and solvency have no impact on bankruptcy. The higher a company has a profitability and activity ratio can reduce the risk of bankruptcy and the return on investment obtained by investors will tend to be high. Keywords—activity ratio, bankruptcy, debt structure, liquidity, profitability, solvency


Comments on sexuality have an important place in Malinowski's publications about the Trobrianders. During his stay in Oceania, his special « libidinous situation » interfered with his scientific work. He repeatedly wrote that, in quite clear contrast with Western societies, a broad sexual freedom reigned in the Trobriand Islands. However the documents he published invalidates this statement. It is, therefore, important to measure how much his writings bear the marks of an unexplained transference onto his data.


China is one of the countries with richest natural and cultural heritage resources in the world, and the country should take special protection and management measures. However, now the reality is that heritage resources management is in disorder, and the resources get inadequate protection and over-exploitation. Through the in-depth analysis of the understanding and current problems of the current situation and characteristics of China's heritage sites, how to preliminarily establish China's national heritage protection system is explored from the aspects including making specific national laws, improving the management structure, defining heritage site structures, ensuring funding inputs, strengthening the construction and management, and adjusting property rights, so as to provide an idea and method to solve China's heritage resources protection and management problems.


ObjectiveVitiligo is a specific type of leukoderma characterized by depigmentation of the epidermis. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of methotrexate, narrow-band phototherapy, and corticosteroid as three different treatment modalities for vitiligo. Patients and methodsThe study included 52 patients suffering from nonsegmental vitiligo and 20 healthy participants that served as the control group. They were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, National Research Center (Cairo, Egypt). The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities (narrow-band ultraviolet radiation, methrotrexate, and corticosteroids). Clinical evaluation and serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) estimation were performed before and after treatment with follow-up duration of 6 months. ResultsThe serum level of sIL-2R was significantly higher among patients compared with controls. The study also showed a highly statistically significant lowering of serum level of sIL-2R among both narrow-band-treated and corticosteroid-treated patients, whereas the decrease was not statistically significant among those treated with methotrexate. No statistically significant difference was detected between the three groups of patients regarding clinical response to treatment or severity of the disease. However, regarding patient satisfaction it was significantly higher among both narrow-band-treated and corticosteroid-treated patients compared with those belonging to the methotrexate group. A statistically significant negative correlation between patient satisfaction and serum level of sIL-2R after treatment was detected. ConclusionNo statistically significant difference was detected between the three modalities of treatment (narrow-band ultraviolet radiation, methrotrexate, and corticosteroids) regarding clinical response or severity of the disease. However, only narrow band and corticosteroid significantly decreased the serum level of sIL-2R. Patients receiving methotrexate reported the least satisfaction compared with the other two groups.


Glutamate receptor is the key excitatory receptor in main central nervous system. It is involved in many important physiological and path-physiological process,such as learning and synapse plasticity. Recent study shows glutamate receptor makes interaction with a series trans-membrane proteins at post-synaptic membrane,named as auxiliary subunits. These proteins are required for glutamate receptor trafficking and gating. The discovery of these proteins revealed the complexity of synaptic transmission.


In this paper, after highlighting the concepts and types of disasters, the role of prevention and management, and of the human experts for restricting the scope of natural disasters particularly in developing countries will be discussed. Then, an attempt will be made to outline an academic MSc. course in natural disasters sciences which was developed by the author and has been implemented in Iran, a disaster-prone developing country.


The problem of two-dimensional or quasi-three-dimensional flow of a multicomponent mixture in small-scale nozzles of a supersonic cw HF laser is solved numerically. A narrow-channel model taking account of chemical reactions in the interior and on the surfaces of nozzles is used. A comparison is made with a boundary-layer model and a model based on the two-dimensional Navier — Stokes equations. A good agreement between these models is obtained.


In this paper, the effects of three factors including storage temperature, hormone type and hormone concentration on the germination characteristics for seeds of medicinal plant Buchnera cruciatas were revealed by orthogonal design. The results showed that the seed quality factor served as the first principal component and the germinating performance factor the second, which cumulative variance proportion were more than 65%, storage temperature and hormone concentration had more significant effect than hormone type on germination. The treatment of-20℃ storage temperature and treated with 100 mg/L 6-BA was optimal for seed germination of Buchnera cruciatas.


That there is a consumption of the dextrose of the circulating fluid by the isolated and perfused mamnaalian heart was first proved by Johannes Miiller (I) , in 19o3, and shortly after him by Locke and Rosenheim (2), in 19o4. Mtiller, who was studying at the time the source of muscle energy, noticed in four experiments that the perfused heart of the cat caused the disappearance of a definite amount of the dextrose from the perfusion fluid. He does not state in his protocols the weights of the hearts which he studied, but if we take them to weigh eighteen grams, his experiments show an average consumption per gram weight of heart muscle per hour of 1. 3 milligrams of dextrose. This result is in close accord with that obtained by Locke and Rosenheim, who worked on the rabbit's heart. These authors report an average consumption of 1.4 milligrams of dextrose per gram weight per hour. They allowed the heart to beat for seven to ten hours in an apparatus suited for a continuous circulation of fluid, and they noticed a disappearance of an amount of dextrose, proportional to the duration of the experiment. While Miiller was the first to publish figures to show that the perfused heart possesses the power of consuming dextrose from the perfusion fluid, to Locke and Rosenheim is due the credit for demonstrating that there is a definite relation between the amount of sugar consumed and the length of time during which the heart is kept beating. In the same research, these authors elicited the fact that the consumption of dextrose is dependent upon a certain concentration and balance of the calcium and potassium in the per-fusion fluid, and they conclude that these salts, more especially 1Aided by a grant from The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Re


Description:
A Sydney-based biotechnology company is attempting to enter the fast-growing proteomics area. This case highlights choices in business design and changes in these over time. Also addresses issues in geographic location.

Setting:
Sydney; Biotechnology industry; $50 million revenues; 80 employees; 2001


Brachyscome multifida DC. (Asteraceae), known as cut-leaved daisy, is an annual plant native to Australia. Although the species and its cultivars have been popular in horticulture globally, a previously unknown violet variety has recently grown in popularity in Korea. In June 2017, several indoor-grown potted plants were found to be displaying symptoms of powdery mildew in Wanju, Korea (35°50′05″N; 127°01′55″E). Symptoms first appeared as white colonies, which subsequently covered both sides of leaves and young stems. The leaves eventually became distorted and blighted, which severely detracted from the aesthetic and horticultural value of the plant. Three voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Korea University (accession nos. KUS-F29815, KUS-F29866, and KUS-F29878). Appressoria were nipple shaped. Conidiophores were cylindrical, 90 to 200 × 9 to 11 μm, and produced 2 to 5 immature conidia in chains with sinuate outline. Foot cells were cylindrical, straight, and 50 to 75 μm long. Conidia were ellipsoid to barrel shaped, 29 to 37 × 20 to 25 μm, with length/width ratio of 1.4 to 2.0, and devoid of fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced on the perihilar position of the conidia. Primary conidia were apically rounded and basally subtruncate. No chasmothecia were found until the plants died in winter. The morphological characteristics were typical of the conidial stage of the genus Golovinomyces. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the specimen KUS-F29815 was amplified using primers PMITS1/PMITS2 and the amplicon sequenced (Cunnington et al. 2003). The ITS sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no. MG601056). BLAST results revealed 99% similarity with G. ambrosiae on Helianthus spp. (e.g., AB769419 and KM657962) and G. spadiceus on Coreopsis tinctoria (AB077640). Because G. spadiceus has much narrower conidia (<20 μm wide) than G. ambrosiae, the fungus was identified as G. ambrosiae (Schwein.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook (Braun and Cook 2012). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by touching an infected leaf onto five healthy leaves of a pot-grown plant, and three noninoculated plants were used as controls. The plants were kept in a greenhouse at 24 to 30°C. Typical powdery mildew symptoms started to appear on the inoculated leaves after 4 to 5 days, and the controls remained free of symptoms. Inoculations were repeated twice with similar results. Occurrence of powdery mildew on Brachyscome spp. seems to be uncommon. Amano (1986) listed three cases of powdery mildews including Spaherotheca fuliginea on B. iberidifolia and Oidium sp. on B. ciliaris and B. iberidifolia. Powdery mildew on B. multifida was recently reported as G. cichoracearum in Switzerland (Bolay 2005). To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. ambrosiae on B. multifida in Korea. Our in situ observation of the disease and experience of artificial inoculation showed that the powdery mildew can cause considerable impact on the health of B. multifida both indoors and in the greenhouse.


This article discusses a proposed structure for Calgary which will house 1,088 parking stalls. It will be located over the CPR tracks and the complex will also include potential offices, apartments, hotel, retail spaces, recreational facility and cultural center--a significant contribution to the urban core.


UNTIL specific treatment with D-penicillamine became available for Wilson's disease, successful pregnancy was a rare occurrence except in patients who remained asymptomatic well into adult life.1 2 3 4 5 In the symptomatic young women amenorrhea and spontaneous abortions were frequent complications, and the neurologic and psychiatric disturbances of the disorder reduced the probability of marriage. Treatment with D-penicillamine6 has dramatically altered the course of this illness so that a normal reproductive life is the rule rather than the exception. In this study we attempt to resolve a dilemma created on one hand, by the necessity of continued therapy and, on the other, by . . .


In recent years, the significance of distributed generation has increased rapidly in distribution system. The prominent goal of DG placement is to measure the optimized location, type and sizes of DGs for getting best efficiency by maximizing or minimizing different constraints. This work investigates the recent research in the field of Swarm intelligence based optimal DG placement. Swarm intelligence is mainly categorized into Ant Colony Optimization & Particle Swarm Optimization. To get optimal solution, various researchers considers different constraints to get their solution. This article surveys those research works showing recent trends of Optimal DG Placement using Ant Colony Optimization & Particle Swarm Optimization.


A GaAs nanowire array solar cell with an independently verified solar energy conversion efficiency of 15.3% and open circuit voltage of 0.906 V under AM1.5g solar illumination at 1 sun intensity has been fabricated by Sol Voltaics AB, which is the highest published efficiency for nanowire array solar cells, and twice the prior record for GaAs nanowire array solar cells. The solar cell has been fabricated by substrate-based epitaxy but is structurally compatible with substrate-less aerotaxy fabrication, providing a path to high volume manufacturing. The short circuit current of 21.3 mA/cm2 was generated in axial pn-junction GaAs cores covering 13% of the surface area, a volume of GaAs equivalent to a 370 nm thick planar layer.


Non-scan holographic spectroscopy is a novel type of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) which frequency modulation is implemented spatially. By the analysis of the general model of the interference of two pre-dispersing beams, it is found first time to our knowledge that the spectral resolving power of the non-scan FTS is determined by the spectral resolving power of these two coherent beams and the fringe number recorded and used for reconstruction of spectrum. As a special case, the spatial heterodyne technique with diffraction gratings used as the pre-dispersers of the coherent beams is stressed and investigated. It is shown that the symmetrical aliasing between the two side spectral regions of the harmonic spectral component can be eliminated with a 2D Fourier transform. The optical experimental results that are agreement with theoretical analyses are given.


Experimental studies indicate that fatigue is a random phenomenon. Therefore, the approach is based on probabilistic methods. The fatigue life of the prestressed concrete girder is estimated from the fatigue properties of its components and corresponding load spectra. The model utilizes the available S-N curves for structural materials and Miner's rule to evaluate the fatigue life under variable amplitude loading. Fatigue load spectra and stress ranges are calculated for a typical indicate a large variation in load distribution to girders. Stress spectra for prestressing strands do not exceed 2 percent of the ultimate strength of steel.


A pulsed, beamless HPM oscillator is described. The oscillator operates in the frequency band of 120-600 MHz and has a peak RF power of 1.8 GW. The oscillator produces bursts of HPM pulses having a length of 8-10 ns, containing 3 individual pulses, each having rise times on the order of 200 ps. The oscillator uses a custom-designed dipole antenna array to focus and radiate the device's output RF energy. The referenced proprietary antenna array provides higher directivity in the operational frequency band and is specifically more efficient in the low-frequency portion of the radiated spectrum when compared to conventional Transverse Electric Mode (TEM) antennas having the same physical dimensions. The oscillator described above is a part of a phased multi HPM source system, capable of producing 12 GW of radiated RF power.


Summary At concentrations that induce neoplastic transformation in vitro, benzo(a)pyrene (BP) elicited a round of DNA replication in confluent cultures of whole hamster embryos. The proportions of cells responding increased linearly over the dose range of 0.01 to 10 µg BP per ml, suggesting a one-hit mechanism of induction. Kinetic analysis after a dose of 10 µg BP per ml has indicated a G1 and S period of 6 and 11 hr, respectively. However, the cells stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis (8 to 10% of the exposed population) were unable to enter mitosis due, presumably, to a G2 block. Experimentation with WI 38 cells, which cannot metabolize BP, or with the noncarcinogenic derivative pyrene, and hamster embryo cultures, indicated that both metabolic activation and carcinogenicity of BP are necessary for its ability to elicit DNA syntheses. Two different types of BP-induced DNA synthesis have been identified autoradiographically with respect to their sensitivity to hydroxyurea (HU, 10 mm). The fraction of cells undergoing HU-resistant (repair) DNA synthesis represented 30% of the entire BP-stimulated cohort. Colonies with criss-cross or random orientation of cells have been obtained after plating the cultures treated at confluency with BP. The transformation frequency depended on the duration of carcinogen exposure. The transformation was maximal with the cells plated at the peak of HU-sensitive type of carcinogen-induced DNA synthesis, before HU-resistant (repair) DNA synthesis was terminated.


Summary form only given. Researchers have claimed that partnerships such as joint ventures and licensing often lead to the transfer of valuable technological knowledge to partners, which can be detrimental to an innovating firm. In many situations, however, more benefits than losses come from the technology transfer. A case study presented in this paper illustrates benefits of both technology and management practices, especially TQM transfer in Silesia Mill, a company located in Rybnik, Poland. This company became a part of the Rettig Group, which is a family owned Finnish group of companies. As the era of communism ended, the Silesia Mill started to experience many difficulties. One of the possible solutions was a cooperation with a firm who would help with a new product and with money. After many talks and negotiations with the Rettig Group, who started marketing their radiators in Poland, an agreement was signed. The new firm, called Rettig Silesia, Ltd. came into being. A special TQM program was installed in this new company and every employee received necessary training. In November 1995 the firm obtained the ISO 9002 certification granted by the British Standard Institute (BSI). Technological investments done by Rettig Group and the decisions made by the top management together with the employee involvement were crucial in achieving success. Everyone in the company understood that the product must have an outstanding quality in order to compete in the European markets.


The microgrid operation is addressed in this article based on a multicarrier energy hub. Natural gas, electricity, heating, cooling, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and renewable energies are considered as the energy carriers. The designed microgrid optimizes and utilizes a wide range of resources at the same time including renewables, electrical storage, hybrid storage, heating-cooling storage, electric vehicles (EVs) charging station, power to gas unit, combined cooling-heating-power, and carbon capture-storage. The purpose is to reduce the environmental pollutions and operating costs. The resilience and flexibility of the energy hub is also improved. Vehicle to grid and fully-partial charge models are incorporated for EVs to improve the system resilience and supplying the critical loads following events. Different events are modeled to evaluate the system resilience. The model is expressed as a stochastic mixed integer linear programming problem. Both active and reactive powers are modeled. The microgrid is simulated under four different cases. The results show that the multitype energy storages reduce the annual cost of energy while the integrated charging station can decrease the load shedding.


The present invention relates to automotive knee protector, especially Needle (Knee Bolster Panel) bolster panel which is located in front of the driver's knee and; One side you bolster bracket on the you are supporting the bolster panel and the other side is formed cowl cross bar (Cowl Cross Bar) fixed, and a plurality of bent portion continuous to be easily deformed in the you absorb impact energy applied to the bolster panel in the (Knee Bolster Bracket) and; The Needle within at least one of the bent portions of the bolster bracket is connected in the transverse direction of the Needle consists of a plurality of supporting brackets for reinforcing the bolster bracket, even when the average less than or impact energy more than the average in your bolster panel applied on the impact energy It has to have a stiffness which correspond according to the size effect, which can minimize the load of receiving the knees.


A fine balance between weak molecule-molecule interactions and usually only weakly laterally varying molecule-substrate interactions governs the physical structure of organic-inorganic and organic-organic heteroepitaxial thin films. Therefore, it is important to investigate the energetics of realistically large overlayer domains. So far, Potential calculations for large domains of organic overlayers on crystalline substrates were computationally demanding due to the vast number of atoms to be considered. Here, we present a technique which for the first time enables the calculation of both the molecule-substrate interaction potential and the molecule-molecule interaction potential for large molecular domains (up to several thousands of rather large molecules) by utilizing potential energy grid files. This technique does not only allow the investigation of the substrate influence but also full Monte-Carlo based structural optimizations, if applied to 2D crystalline overlayers. Furthermore, it provides an estimate for the energetic gain combined with the differently aligned overlayer domains. In several examples we will discuss the usefulness of this method. As a general result, we will provide evidence that energetically favorable lattice structures in OMBE systems are not restricted to commensurate unit cells or coincident super cells.


The concept of microwave sounding from geostationary orbit is over three decades old, but can now be facilitated using submillimetre-wave sounding technology. A "GEM" concept has been pursued in the U.S. in the past few years, and now a "GOMAS" proposal has been submitted to ESA for implementation. The principle is to extend the number of bands usually exploited for sounding (54 GHz for temperature and 183 GHz for humidity) to higher frequencies (118 and 425 GHz for temperature, 380 GHz for humidity), so as to obtain higher geometric resolution for a given antenna size. Measurements in absorption bands at frequencies differently affected by liquid and ice water, enable simultaneous retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles, cloud ice and liquid columnar amounts and gross profile and, most important, precipitation, appropriately sampled at time intervals of some 15 minutes. The paper will highlight the basic concepts and technical features of the GEM/GOMAS project and comment about feasibility and sizing elements.


A nanocrystalline lithium-rich cathode material (Li[Li0.26Ni0.11Mn0.63]O2) has been prepared by a molten salt method. By using KCl–NaCl as the reaction media, the synthetic temperature can be reduced to 700 °C. The prepared material was investigated using XRD, SEM and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling, and shows highly crystallized shapes with average particle sizes of 50–100 nm. Due to its low dimensional, highly-crystalline and regularly shaped layered structure, the cathode material exhibits greatly improved capability and cycling performance when compared with the pristine cathode.


Tourism is an economic activity that has been worldly recognized for its capacity to generate short- term currency and to generate strong relations among the different areas of the Economy. Within services exportation, Tourism internationally reaches an increasingly leading grow. This is also shown in the economies of the Central– America and Caribbean region. In this region among the countries that we can find are Costa Rica and The Dominican Republic. Cuba has also developed this activity.
The present research analyses the evolution of the impact of the tourist revenues in the growth, the balance commercial, the paper that have carried out to finance the imports and to contribute with the exports in these countries. It is also examined the tendency of the demand of tourism and it is shown as Cuba it has been able to win market in the area. The analysis has been made from 1990 until today, bearing in mind the cycles that it has presented the arrival of tourists and the revenues that these have generated.
Finally, a comparison is established highlighting Cuba's principal advantages to use tourism as a compensatory part within the commercial balance and its participation in the Economy


The present investigation has been carried out on a water-quenched 18-8 stainless steel in order to find the correlations of torsion or bending creep strength to tensile creep strength. And the analytical consideration due to von Mises criterion was added on the experimental results obtained. Tension creep tests were conducted on 8mmφ cylindrical specimen, torsion creep test on 8mmφ hollow and solid cylindrical specimens, and pure bending creep test on 6mmt×10mm plate specimen. All the test of the creep were made for 400 hours at 600° and 650°C. The machines employed in the torsion and bending creep test were made in our laboratory. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1) The ratio of the torsion creep strength of hollow cylindrical specimen to tension creep strength for a mean creep rate of 2×10-4∼5×10-3%/hr during 300 to 400 hours were 45∼46% for 600°C, and 38∼42% for 650°C. On the other hand, the ratio derieved from the calculation based on von Mises criterion was 52% for 600°C, and 53% for 650°C.2) The ratio of the torsion creep strength of solid cylindrical specimen to the tension creep strength was 54∼56% for 600°C. This magnitude of ratio was smaller than the ratio of 64% obtained by calculation.3) The ratio of the bending creep strength to the tension creep strength was 141∼158% for 600°C, and 145∼160% for 650°C. On the other hand, the ratio obtained by calculation was 134% for 600°C, and 139% for 650°C.


Time delays are random and uncertain, which degrade the performance of an Internet-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and even destabilize the system. In this paper, an improved generalized predictive control (JGPC) with predictive time delays is proposed. A grey model GM (1, 1) with limited number of delay data is established to predict delays in next control periods based on characteristics of network delays. Meanwhile the predicted delays and online identification parameters are used to regulate the system model. Then on the basis of the predicted time delays, a local controller JGPC aimed at calculating series of predictive control laws is designed to realize compensation of time delays in the system. The Internet-based AUV can operate periodically by remote actuator with register. Finally, an underwater manipulator depth control is used to validate the approach. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of this approach compared to the JGPC controller with constant delay parameter. The desired set-point tracking and good performance of the system with variable delays and packet losses are achieved.


This paper introduces Bayes risk (expected loss) as a criterion for linear equalization. Since the probability of error is equal to the Bayes risk (BR) for a particular binary loss function, this work is a natural generalization of previous works on minimum probability of error (PE) equalizers. Adaptive equalization algorithms are developed that minimize the BR. Like the minimum PE equalizers, the BR algorithms have low computational complexity which is comparable to that of the LMS algorithm. The advantage of the BR criterion is that the loss function can be specified in a manner that accelerates adaptive equalizer convergence relative to the minimum PE adaptive algorithm as illustrated in simulation examples. Besides introducing a new criterion, this paper provides another independent contribution to the field of PE minimizing equalization. While most prior works focus on M-ary QAM type modulations with rectangular decision regions, this paper uses upper bounds on the probabilities of certain events to yield tractable mathematics that apply to two-dimensional constellations with arbitrarily shaped decision regions. The resulting adaptive algorithm use the full information available in the phase of the error signal, whereas previous algorithms use a quantized version of this error phase.


Predicting possible speech recognition errors can be invaluable for a number of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications. In this study, we extend a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) framework for error prediction to facilitate a comparison between two approaches of predicting confusable words: examining recognition errors on the training set to learn phone confusions and utilizing distances between the phonetic acoustic models for the prediction task. We also expand the framework to deal with continuous word recognition and we can accurately predict 60% of the misrecognized sentences (with an average words-per-sentence count of 15) and a little over 70% of the total number of errors from the unseen test data where no acoustic information related to the test data is utilized. Index Terms: Finite State Transducer, Automatic Speech Recognition, Error prediction


Damage detection in civil infrastructure has gained greater attention for decades. Mode shape curvature method is a common damage detection technique based on Vibration based damage detection method. In this work we applied this method to a Bowstring girder bridge to locate the damage. Here we applied artificial damage to various members of the bridge model created using staad pro v8i.By changing damage severity at three different cases were also studied in this paper. The mode shape curvature for both intact and damaged structure were calculated. Damage location can be obtained with the help of central difference approximation. The absolute modal curvature was compared between the three damage cases. From the results, the absolute changes in modal curvature are localized in the region of damage and hence Mode shape curvature method is appeared to have potential in damage detection in this bridge.


This report examines a set of open source triple store systems suitable for The SIMILE Project's browser-like applications. Measurements on performance within a common hardware, software, and dataset environment grant insight on which systems hold the most promise for acting as large, remote backing stores for SIMILE's future requirements. The SIMILE Project (Semantic Interoperability of Metadata In like and Unlike Environments) is a joint research project between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Hewlett-Packard Labs (HP), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology / Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (MIT / CSAIL), and MIT Libraries. Funding is provided by HP.


Poverty has been a constant presence in man's history, but its meaning has changed through time. Most people in traditional societies were poor, and this was accepted as natural and unavoidable. The current understanding, today, is that the condition of poverty is unacceptable, and that it should be possible to find the ways to eradicate it. Many reasons have been presented for this change of views, of which three seem to be more salient. The first is ethnical and moral: the notion that all human beings are equal, and should be entitled not only to civil and political rights, but also to social rights such as food, shelter, education and personal security. This notion has been gathering increased support for two centuries or more, and is becoming still more intense as the plight of socially deprived populations are exposed daily to whoever has access to a TV set or a radio. The second is more practical and less altruistic: poverty, particularly when associated with war and economic disorder, leads to social unrest, reduces the values of salaries and goods, leads to national and international migration, and threatens the life styles of those who are better off.


BACKGROUND/AIM
A systematic review on toxicity, local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) after postoperative hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) on prostate cancer (PCa) was performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Based on the PRISMA methodology, studies reporting clinical results after adjuvant or salvage HFRT were included.

RESULTS
A total of 1,208 patients from 17 eligible studies were included. Median follow-up was 30 months. No case of severe acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was recorded. Grade ≥3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity ranged between 0% and 3%. Different rates of grade ≥2 late GI (range=0-8.7%) and GU (range=0-66%) toxicity were recorded. Encouraging results on LC, OS, and bRFS were reported.

CONCLUSION
Acute toxicity does not seem to be increased in patients receiving postoperative HFRT, but the results of late-GU toxicity are conflicting. Further prospective studies are needed before including postoperative HFRT in clinical practice.


One effective way to make a large-capacity mobile communication system is to use a microcellular system. One way to do this is to place the base station antennas lower than the surrounding buildings. This result in what is called a street microcellular system. We previously presented basic simulation results evaluating the performance of a different-sized cell combination algorithm (DCC) designed to avoid the problems due to an unbalanced distribution of traffic in street microcellular systems. In this paper, we present the results of simulations evaluating the performance of an improved active different-sized cell combination method (ADCC) that controls the transmission power of each base station. key words: street microcellular system, propagation control method, active different-sized cell combination method (ADCC)


. If a Banach space E has an equivalent smooth norm, then every bounded sequence in E* has a weak* converging subsequence. Generalizations of this result are obtained.


The work is devoted to the study of economic activity types at the sectoral and regional levels in order to form the sectoral priorities of economic development as the strategic guidelines for sustainable economic growth and the investment attractiveness of the territories. The theoretical and the methodological basis of the study was the fundamental provisions and the concepts of economic theory, the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of socio-economic development of the region and regional economic systems, investment activities, strategic territorial and sectoral planning, periodicals, regulatory documents of the federal and regional levels, the modern methods of competitiveness and investment attractiveness evaluation. The study was carried out on the basis of information from the Federal State Statistics Service (ROSSTAT), the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstanstat), as well as on the basis of analytical information from the Center for Advanced Economic Research of the Academy of Sciences of RT. The methodological approach is a multi-level study consisting of a structural and dynamic analysis of economic activity types, the assessment of localization level and a structural decomposition of key indicator dynamics. The presented methodology allowed to carry out a comprehensive monitoring and the diagnostics of economic activity types, to determine the competitive positions of the Republic of Tatarstan for each type of activity and identify industry priorities that ensure the region investment attractiveness increase.


The majority of users withdrew funds completely after receiving a transfer (see Stuart and Cohen 2011). In this sample, some 34 per cent (71) of those registered with a money transfer service reported holding a balance on their phone. The most common reason (39) was safety: by putting money in the phone "you can walk with the money and you don't have it" (320/2) and hence this was not coterminous with a place to "save" in the sense of building up balances but was more related to being able to move around with funds. These reasons are followed by having funds to send to others when needed (36). If these responses are viewed alongside having funds for unexpected needs (9) and financial flexibility (10), this indicates a need for funds to be on hand to deal with the unexpected whether for oneself or others and that keeping funds in the phone is therefore a safe and easy way to do this, and this was supported by the qualitative interviews. This fits with the idea of holding a reserve for emergencies (see below), and hence the ability to give "assistance" when required. Holding money for convenience, safety or an emergency reserve are valuable features that respondents feel the service offers, but this does not necessarily suggest that it is seen as a place which is useful for accumulating funds.


The field work carried out with the agents of the DDE who are in charge of the road network in the department of Yonne, shows the singularity of this professional group. They are laborers, civil servants and are strongly linked to this rural area. The modernization reforms led by the Ministry of Equipement are thought to question their position, which is that of safe refuge from private sector employment precarity, and a role much respected within the local community. The State downsizing of laboring jobs is participating in the gentrification of the public sector, which is thus less accessible to people of working class origins and is less present, in a territorial sense, to serve the public.


ABSTRACT
The Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP), the home of academic physiatry, is interested in advancing industry partnerships in research among academic physiatrists. There are limited existing resources that outline opportunities for academic physiatrists in engaging the translational research continuum through industry partnerships and the skillsets that academic physiatrists need to successfully navigate these partnerships. In 2019, then President of the AAP, John Chae, MD, ME assembled a group of interested physician-scientists in physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R) to form the Research and Industry Partnerships Task Force to address this problem. The Task Force implemented a live educational session titled "Collaborating with Industry" at Physiatry '19, the Annual Meeting of the AAP held in Puerto Rico. To extend the reach of this valuable information, the Task Force is creating resources that can be easily distributed and accessed by all physiatrists. The goal of this white paper is to provide a roadmap to help academic physiatrists begin to navigate the field of academia-industry relationships with the ultimate goal of accelerating discovery for the benefit of physiatry and rehabilitation patients.


The article below traces to find the urgency of saintific ijtihad to solve Islamic law problems of contemporary transaction (mu'amalah mu'asirah) in the age of globalization. The age of globalization supported by information technologies revolusion makes all aspects of human life changes rapidly especially in economic activities. Many kinds and aspects of transaction that human did not think many years ago, occur in this era, for instance insurance, electronic banking, e-commerce, capital market, unit trust, etc. All forms of transaction in this era need to be solved and justified by Islamic law in order to all muslims in the world can participate in economic activities among other people at the global era. Islam as the last religion revealed by Allah swt. has many tools to anticipate and solve contemporary problems occurring in the global era. Alquran and al-Sunnah as the main sources of Islamic law provide tools to make Islamic teachings always suitable for all time, namely by saintific ijtihad. By doing saintific ijtihad to solve contemporary transaction problems in this global era will make Islamic law always appropriate whenever and wherever.


Batch inconsistency is a major problem when applying LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics in real-time analysis situation such as clinical diagnosis or health monitoring. And inefficiency of collecting MS2 is a major problem for metabolite identification. Here, we developed a reference-feature based quantification and identification strategy (RFQI). In RFQI, samples are individually profiled using a pre-fixed reference feature table. Quantification results show that RFQI improves features' overlap rate and reduce variance across batches significantly in real-time-analysis mode, and can find more than 4-fold numbers of features. Besides, RFQI collects MS2 from consecutive increasing samples for metabolite identification of pre-fixed features, thus it can effectively compensate for the poor efficiency of MS2 collection in data-dependent acquisition mode. In summary, RFQI can make full advantage of consecutive increasing samples in real-time analysis situation, both for quantification and identification.


Abstract The hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) market has grown tremendously in the past few years which, as a result, has led to an exponential growth in the spare parts (SPs) market. Therefore, there is a strong need, nowadays, to predict the demand as well as the price of these SPs. However, ascertaining such an aim is not as easy as it may seem, this being due to the facts that (i) the demand is highly uncertain as it depends on many uncertain variables, and (ii) the price does not follow the normal value chain methods. In this research work, the artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to develop models that can map 15 vehicles and SPs-related variables to the demand and the price of the HEV SPs. It has been demonstrated that the ANN models have the ability to predict both the demand and the price of the HEV SPs. In addition, the developed ANN models outperform the linear regression models by minimizing the root mean square error values by approximately 4 and 5 times for the demand and the price, respectively. Neural network-based models have been employed to accurately predict the demand as well as the price of the HEV SPs by mapping them to 15 vehicles and SPs-related variables.


One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) simulations of a spatially developing planar shear layer are used to obtain the probability density function (PDF) of the concentration of a passive scalar. An asymmetry of the PDF with respect to transverse location in this self-similar flow appears in the ODT results and in experimental results obtained with planar laser-induced fluorescence of acetone. Using the ODT simulations, estimates are presented of the effect of measurement volume upon the resulting PDFs. Variable density effects on the concentration of the denser fluid within incompressible flow are also examined.


clearly tried and tested which further adds to the appeal of the book and the credibility of the content material. Many of the ideas have been successfully introduced to children in the 5–11 age range by the author and other educators and should inspire confidence, in particular, amongst non-specialist teachers seeking reliable and yet appealing ideas for movement lessons. Throughout the book learning objectives, procedures for implementation, resource requirements and safety considerations are given for the ideas presented in a most readable and accessible text that is not weighed down with excess jargon. The addition of a further section on assessment opportunities, however, would have been welcomed. There are over 200 black and white illustrations that are effective in clarifying particular movements and representing the ideas pictorially. Although these are varied, photographs of children engaged in the activities might have been included. This is not a book for the theorist. The absence of discourse on any of the topics covered in the book, apart from in the preface, makes this very much a book for practitioners. For some readers this may be interpreted as a deficit, while for others it may be seen as refreshing! The author did not set out to write a textbook, nor in fact a scholarly treatise, and so the integrity of the text is not compromised. The strength of this book lies in what it purports to be, that is, a ready-to-use guide to engaging children in meaningful PE. As a source of practical ideas that has both appeal and credibility to practising teachers of elementary physical education, I recommend this book highly.


Abstract : In general there are two flow functions for fluid movement. For outflow around a cross section and around a body of revolution at zero incidence, the second function is trivial. It is shown that one does not obtain trivial solutions for a body of revolution for which the axis is inclined. In an example, the two functions are calculated for a body of revolution of parabolic profile.


Despite the reduction in incidence of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections in the last few decades its global burden on mortality and morbidity remained significantly high and represent major concerns in many developing countries. These morbidities and mortalities can be serious in immunocompromised individuals. It has been shown for the last two decades that vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system modulation and its deficiency were associated with recurrent and sever infections. Only few literatures were written about the vitamin D deficiency and GAS infections and very scarce about its complications. One of the rarely reported complications of GAS infections is post-streptococcal systemic vasculitis. The association of this complications and the vitamin D deficiency was not reported before. We report for the first time a 5 years old boy presented with sever post-scarlet fever vasculitis with sever vitamin D deficiency, only responded to monoclonal antibody infusion. The presentation was complicated by more than one complications of GAS infection, hence difficult to diagnose initially and found to have sever vitamin D deficiency which we concluded is the causative factor for these complications. On correction of vitamin D level the deranged immunological and other factors causing the vasculitis were corrected subsequent to vitamin D correction. It is therefore recommended to check vitamin D concentration in cases of sever GAS especially in association with its complications such as the systemic vasculitis.


Rate constants for the migration of a series of p,p-disubstituted β-(diarylphosphatoxy)alkyl migrations have been determined in benzene at reflux by competition against the benzeneselenol clock reaction. There is a strong linear correlation of log(k) with the Hammett σp but not with various σ• parameters indicating that the migration occurs through a highly polarized transition state resembling an alkene radical cation loosely bound to a phosphate anion. The Arrhenius equation describing the migration of the β-phenyl-β-(diphenylphosphatoxy)ethyl radical in toluene was found to be log(kR) = (10.2 ± 0.8) − (7.0 ± 1.0)/2.3RT.


Subramani et al. review the shared and unique mechanisms of peroxisomal and mitochondrial division and their dependence on subcellular organelles.


In 2000, I completed a DFG (German Research Council) research project aimed at editing the fragments of the so-called Spitzer Manuscript (= SHT 810). In a follow-up project, again funded by the DFG, I undertook the task of partially reconstructing and interpretating the fragments, concentrating on the cluster of fragments that represent the last part of the manuscript, from fol. 3691 up to fol. 414. This portion can be divided into two parts, of which the first part contains a discussion of Abhidharma topics.2 I have already attempted to reconstruct the beginning of this discussion that extends from folio 369 to 376 in a contribution to the Minoru Hara Felicitation Volume.3 The topics dealt with are Abhidharma topics that were controversial among the various schools of Conservative Buddhism. In the initial part of the discussion the author considers the question of whether the four noble truths are completely understood gradually or at once and argues for the former alternative (anupūrvābhisamaya). In the subsequent chapter he concerns himself with another well-known question, namely, whether consciousness is luminous by nature (prakṛtiprabhāsvara). A third chapter addresses a less familiar topic, namely, whether the Buddha is part of the saṅgha or, perhaps, whether the Buddha is perceived through the saṅgha. The fourth and fifth chapters treat the topics of cittaviprayukta/ samprayukta-jñāna and the Kāśyapīya theory of karman, respectively.4 The discussion on the Abhidharma topics continues up to fol. *383r3


We describe the results of a relativistic analysis of our observations of binary pulsar B1913+16, up to the latest measurements in 2001 August.


This paper presents a dynamic competitive equilibrium model in which heterogeneity in time preferences alone can generate the observed patterns of wealth and income inequality in the United States. This model generalizes the standard deterministic neoclassical growth model by introducing (i) a direct preference for wealth by the consumers and (ii) human capital formation. The …rst feature prevents the wealth distribution from collapsing into a degenerate distribution. The second feature generates a strong positive correlation between earnings and wealth across agents. A calibrated version of this model is able to replicate the wealth and income distributions of the United States.


OBJECTIVE To observe Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) infection at high altitude and plain after gunshot injury. METHODS Used 7.62mm bullets to injure posterior limbs of piglets with the same age.We got contusing tissues in different time after injury,to make bacteriologic examination,identify and make a statistic analysis of SAU. RESULTS The main infection was caused by SAU after gunshot injury in two regions.From contusing tissues in two regions,the rate of contamination caused by SAU in Chongqing and Lasa was 48% and 18%,respectively.The time of SAU colonization was 3 hours at high altitude,and less 3 hours at plain.The velocity of reproduction of SAU at high altitude for 12 hours was 5-6 passages,and at plain was 4-6 passages for 3-6h.The time of remaining relative steady state between tissues and germs was 48 hours at high aititude and 24 hours at plain.The difference of the number of SAU between two regions after injury 3-36 hours was significant,But after 36 hours the difference was unsignificant. CONCLUSIONS At high altitude region,SAU is the main germ that causes contamination after gunshot injury,the velocity of reproduction of SAU is slower than that at plain,the time of infection is delayed obviously.


The advantages and disadvantages of various ejection parts were analyzed. The application characteristics and scope of the ejector block was introduced through an example. Good results were received from using the ejector block for ejection.