It is well known that the solar wind electron distribution function is apparently composed of several components, but the energetic tail population is well fitted with kappa distribution function. It is also well established that the solar wind protons possess quasi power-law tail distribution function that is well fitted with an inverse power law model. In the recent past, the present author developed a theory that describes a system of electrons and Langmuir turbulence that are in dynamical steady-state. In such a model, the kappa distribution function for the electrons emerges as a unique solution of the steady-state weak turbulence plasma kinetic equation. For the proton inverse power-law tail problem, Fisk and Gloeckler's theory of compressional turbulence received much attention in the literature. In the present paper, their model is revisited in the light of plasma kinetic theory that involves low-frequency kinetic Alfvén wave fluctuations. It is shown that the proton kappa distribution function satisfies the steady-state proton particle kinetic equation. The steady-state wave kinetic equation for the kinetic Alfvén wave is also solved. This shows that the proton suprathermal distribution with an inverse power law velocity dependence may indeed result from a steady-state wave-particle interaction of the compressional kinetic Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind, thus providing support for, and also providing an alternative view of Fisk and Gloeckler's model. However, in the absence of additional constraint that may arise from the balance of nonlinear wave-particle interaction terms within the wave kinetic equations for kinetic Alfvénic waves, the index of inverse power-law velocity tail distribution is undetermined. This calls for further investigation of nonlinear kinetic Alfvénic turbulence.


The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for controlling information transmission and reception, comprising: a base station configures a multicast broadcast single frequency network is used as the unicast sub-frame; base station to a multicast broadcast single frequency network subframe portion by the original control symbols immediately for extended control symbols; the extended base station control symbol transmission schedule physical downlink shared channel physical downlink control channel information. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies due to lack of resources so that the data portion of the physical downlink control channel can not be fully utilized. At the same time, with this embodiment not only the sub-frame PDCCH resources to be extended, and the device will not influence compatibility.


We present a method to constrain galaxy parameters directly from three-dimensional data cubes. The algorithm compares directly the data with a parametric model mapped in x , y , λ ?> coordinates. It uses the spectral line-spread function and the spatial point-spread function (PSF) to generate a three-dimensional kernel whose characteristics are instrument specific or user generated. The algorithm returns the intrinsic modeled properties along with both an "intrinsic" model data cube and the modeled galaxy convolved with the 3D kernel. The algorithm uses a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach with a nontraditional proposal distribution in order to efficiently probe the parameter space. We demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm using 1728 mock galaxies and galaxies generated from hydrodynamical simulations in various seeing conditions from 0.″6 to 1.″2. We find that the algorithm can recover the morphological parameters (inclination, position angle) to within 10% and the kinematic parameters (maximum rotation velocity) to within 20%, irrespectively of the PSF in seeing (up to 1.″2) provided that the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is greater than ∼3 pixel−1 and that the ratio of galaxy half-light radius to seeing radius is greater than about 1.5. One can use such an algorithm to constrain simultaneously the kinematics and morphological parameters of (nonmerging) galaxies observed in nonoptimal seeing conditions. The algorithm can also be used on adaptive optics data or on high-quality, high-S/N data to look for nonaxisymmetric structures in the residuals.


Learn.Genetics (K-12 Educational Resources; Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah; http://learn.genetics.utah.edu)

With over 20 million visits a year, Learn.Genetics is one of the most popular educational sites on the web. Developed by the Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah, this website targets teachers and students seeking to learn more about genetics—the inherited microscopic processes and molecules that direct biological growth and development. Cutting-edge science ranging from epigenetics to gene therapy awaits those hungry for knowledge. More than just a repository of articles and videos, the pages on this site invite their visitors to think critically about genetic inheritance.

The presentation of subject matter is organized into six centers clearly and concisely presented on the home …


Most amperometric biosensors based on the metal-catalyzed electrooxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combine an electrochemical sensor with an analyte-specific oxidase-type enzyme, e.g., glucose oxidase for the detection of glucose. H2O2 produced by the glucose oxidation is measured at a working electrode that has a platinum group metal catalyst.

Improved long-term outcomes for diabetic subjects is improved by controlling blood glucose with frequent monitoring, i.e., more than five times per day. Transdermal extraction of interstitial fluid for glucose monitoring is an attractive approach to achieving this goal without the need to frequently draw blood samples by finger-pricking.

Materials to fabricate blood glucose biosensors are often based on electron-transfer mediators that are not suitable for transdermal extraction because of their potential toxic effects. Furthermore, the glucose concentration in transdermally extracted fluid is typically ∼5 μmol/L vs ∼5 mmol/L in whole blood. This places a far greater demand on detection methods. A biosensor fabricated with pure platinum, printed on a ceramic substrate …


Various hypotheses have been formulated to explain the function and meaning of pre-post firing marks in the Late Bronze Age Anatolia. Known as "pot marks," these signs have been prominently associated with the administrative systems–central authorities or viewed as an indicator of asymmetric interregional economic relations. However, these interpretations are not suitable for Western Anatolia due to the limited number of pot marks found in a few settlements, the distinctive qualities of pottery tradition in the region, and the lack of institutionalized interregional economic connections. This article presents the first examples of pot marks found in Akhisar-Hastane Höyük/Central West Anatolia with preliminary observations on the Late Bronze Age pottery groups. It emphasizes the ambiguous nature of pot marks, their typological similarities, and differences among non-regional parallels and suggests that their appearances in the Western Anatolian LBA settlements should be considered as singular cases for now.


BACKGROUND
Machine Learning models have been applied in various healthcare fields, including Audiology, to predict disease outcomes. The prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss is difficult to predict due to the variable course of the disease. Hence, researchers have attempted to utilize ML models to predict the outcome of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The objectives of this study were to review the performance of these machine learning models and assess their applicability in real-world settings.

METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Only studies that built machine learning prediction models were included, and studies that used algorithms such as logistic regression only for the purpose of adjusting for confounding variables were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST).

RESULTS
After screening, a total of 7 papers were eligible for synthesis. In total, these studies built 48 ML models. The most common utilized algorithms were Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and boosting. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged between 0.59 and 0.915. All of the included studies had a high risk of bias; hence there are concerns regarding their applicability.

CONCLUSION
Although these models showed great performance and promising results, future studies are still needed before these models can be applied in a real-world setting. Future studies should employ multiple cohorts, different feature selection methods, and external validation to further validate the models' applicability.


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONThe displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in porous media has very important significance in engineering and production. In recent years Profs. J. Douglas, Jr., R. E. Ewing and Yuan Yirang and others proposed a kind of numerical simulation on the basis of combining mixed finite dement procedures with a modified method of characteristics


The common low opening rates in later management of public gymnasiums and stadiums results from inconspicuous constraint mechanisms and ineffective incentive mechanisms in principal-agent relations forming in the process of management.The study analyzes the principal-agent relations in the later management of public gymnasiums and stadiums and shows how to construct the constraint conditions which aims at supervising consignor and how to implement their risk aversion of benefit drives by using the principal-agent model of asymmetric information based on the fact that the government is the main capital investors in the earlier stage.


Intergovernmental Agreement of the International Space Station established the legal framework for ISS,the largest space cooperation in the human history.The law of ISS complies with the principles and provisions of the existing five UN outer space treaties.It also developed the outer space law by the cross-waiver of liabilities,the criminal jurisdiction provision and the protection of intellectual property rights arising in/on the ISS.The ISS legal framework can be taken as a model for the law of international space cooperation.It also provides basic rules for commercial use of the outer space.It may be used as reference for China's lawmaking on space activities.


This study examined the characteristics of teacher applicants that are sought by public school systems in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Superintendents of each of the public school districts in the Commonwealth were surveyed. A total of 99 respondents completed the survey (n = 99). This response rate of 57.2% was well-above the average for this type of instrument. The results of the survey will be of interest to job applicants, school system leaders, and the colleges that are preparing preservice teachers to enter the workforce. Implications for each of these groups are discussed in this article. In addition, recommendations for future research are provided.


A digital watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm make full use of the energy compression of DCT and the multi-resolution of DWT. firstly the double value watermarking image is scrambled to get a one dimension binary bit stream and then divided into two segments,then they are embedded into the DCT coefficients by unequal quantification or DWT coefficients according to the difference of cover image's local standard deviation,a stegano cover image is reconstructed and transmitted lastly. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm is not only invisible,but also robust against various signal processing.


Summary The past diversity of vespid wasps is relatively poorly documented. Many early-diverging fossil subfamilies are only represented today by a single or a few species. Therefore, the delineations of these clades and the early evolutionary history of the family remain difficult to decipher and require additional fossil occurrences. Here, a new genus and a new species of vespid are described and illustrated from Burmese amber as Vespatula condaminei n. gen., n. sp., and placed in a new subfamily Vespatulinae n. subfam. This description provides significant morphological evidence to discuss the limits of the Priorvespinae and of the genus Alivespa, leading to its transfer into the Vespatulinae n. subfam. The placement of the recently described genus Archaeovespa is briefly discussed. The phylogenetic value of the clustered secondary hamuli recorded in the new genus is put into perspective with respect to the rest of the Vespoidea and discussed in light of recent phylogenomic analyses.


In article correlation between a passenger intensity and a passenger traffic volume on a bus route is researched and the example of practical use of this correlation for reasonable calculation of necessary quantity of buses on a bus route is given.


Objective To verify the correlations of cardiac outputs(COs)and cardiac indexes(CIs)at aortic valve(AV)area and pulmonic valve(PV)area of the healthy adults measured with ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM).Methods The CO and the CI at AV area and PV area of 46 healthy adults during rest were measured respectively with USCOM and the correlations between the COs and CIs were studied.Results There was no statistically significance in differences of COs and the CIs measured with USCOM at healthy adults' AV area and PV area(P0.05).The results showed the left and right heard were correlated both in CO(P=0.000)and the CI(P=0.000).Conclusion COs and the CIs of the left and right heart are of correlativity.So if one side of CO is unavailable,it can be replaced by the other side as measured with USCOM.


The problems raised in this study are How is the role of Subject Teacher Deliberation (MGMP) in developing the professional competence of Indonesian language teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City and How is the form of factors inhibiting the role of Subject Teacher Deliberation (MGMP) in developing the professional competence of Indonesian language teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Subject Teacher Conference (MGMP) in developing the professional competence of Indonesian language teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City and the form of inhibiting factors of Subject Teacher Conference (MGMP) in developing the professional competence of Indonesian language teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City. The results of this study indicate that the development of professional competence of Indonesian language teachers at SMP N 21 Bengkulu City. The first role of MGMP as a change or update in improving teacher professionalism. Creating a conducive atmosphere in active learning. The second role of MGMP as a mediator to improve teacher competence in MGMP Indonesian language at the school level. MGMP's third role as a supporting agent MGMP as a supporting agent, because MGMP facilitates teachers to be able to make various innovations in classroom management and school management.


Community-based approaches to natural resource management are being discussed and experienced as promising ways for pursuing ecological conservation and socio-economic development simultaneously. However, the multiplicity of levels, scales, objectives and actors that are involved in sustainability transformations tends to be challenging for such bottom-up approaches. Collaborative and polycentric governance schemes are proposed for dealing with those challenges. What has not been fully explored is how knowledge from local contexts of community-based initiatives can be diffused to influence practices on higher levels and/or in other local contexts. This study explores how theoretical advances in the diffusion of grassroots innovation can contribute to understanding and supporting the diffusion of knowledge and practices from community-based initiatives and proposes a transdisciplinary approach to diffusion. For that aim, we develop an analytical perspective on the diffusion of grassroots innovations that takes into consideration the multiplicity of actors, levels and scales, the different qualities/types of knowledge and practices, as well as their respective contributions. We focus on the multiplicity and situatedness of cognitive frames and conceptualize the diffusion of grassroots innovations as a transdisciplinary process. In this way three different diffusion pathways are derived in which the knowledge and practices of grassroots initiatives can be processed in order to promote their (re)interpretation and (re)application in situations and by actors that do not share the cognitive frame and the local context of the originating grassroots initiative. The application of the developed approach is illustrated through transdisciplinary research for the diffusion of sustainable family farming innovations in Colombia. This conceptualization accounts for the emergence of multiplicity as an outcome of diffusion by emphasizing difference as a core resource in building sustainable futures.


8518 Background: Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has prognostic value in lung cancer and could facilitate minimal residual disease (MRD) driven approaches. However, the sensitivity of ctDNA detection is suboptimal due to the background error rates of existing assays. We developed a novel method leveraging multiple mutations on a single cell-free DNA molecule ("phased variants" or PVs) resulting in an ultra-low error profile. Here we develop and apply this approach to improve MRD in localized NSCLC. Methods: To identify the prevalence of PVs, we reanalyzed whole genome sequencing (WGS) from 2,538 tumors and 24 cancer types from the pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes (PCAWG). We applied Phased Variant Enrichment and Detection Sequencing (PhasED-Seq) to track personalized PVs in localized NSCLC. We compared PhasED-Seq to a single nucleotide variant (SNV)-based ctDNA method. Results: In the PCAWG dataset, we found that PVs were common in both lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC, median 1,268/tumor; rank 2nd) and adenocarcinomas (LUAD, median 655.5/tumor; rank 3rd). However, PVs did not occur in stereotyped genomic regions. Thus, to leverage PhasED-Seq, we performed tumor/normal WGS to identify PVs, followed by design of personalized panels targeting PVs to allow deep cfDNA sequencing. We performed personalized PhasED-Seq for 5 patients with localized NSCLC. PVs were identified from WGS of tumor FFPE and validated by targeted resequencing in all cases (median 248/case). The background rate of PVs was lower than that of SNVs, even when considering duplex molecules (background: SNVs, 3.8e-5; duplex SNVs, 1.0e-5; PVs, 1.2e-6; P < 0.0001). We next assessed PhasED-Seq for MRD detection in 14 patient plasma samples. Both SNVs and PhasED-Seq had high specificity in healthy control cfDNA (95% and 97% respectively). Using SNVs, ctDNA was detected in 5/14 samples; PhasED-Seq detected all of these with nearly identical tumor fractions (Spearman rho = 0.97). However, PhasED-Seq also detected MRD in an additional 5 samples containing tumor fractions as low as 0.000094% (median 0.0004%). We analyzed serial samples from a patient with stage III LUAD treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and durvalumab. SNV-based ctDNA and PhasED-Seq detected similar MRD levels (0.8%) prior to therapy. However, 3 samples collected during CRT, as well as before and during immunotherapy, were undetectable by SNVs. SNV-based ctDNA then re-emerged at disease recurrence. PhasED-Seq detected MRD in all 3 samples not detected by SNVs with tumor fractions as low as 0.00016%, including prior to immunotherapy (8 months prior to progression). Similar improvements were seen in samples not detected by SNVs from 2 additional patients. Conclusions: Personalized ctDNA monitoring via PVs is feasible and improves MRD detection in localized NSCLC. PhasED-Seq allows clinical studies testing personalized treatment based on MRD.


This paper features a comparative study performance of sliding mode controller (SMC) for closed-loop voltage control of direct current to direct current (DC-DC) three-cells buck converter connected in parallel, operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), based on pulse-width modulation (PWM) with SMC based on hysteresis modulation (HM) where an adaptive feedforward technique is adopted. On one hand, for the PWM-based SM, the approach is to incorporate a fixed-frequency PWM scheme which is effectively a variant of SM control. On the other hand, for the HMbased SM, oncoming an adaptive feedforward control that makes the hysteresis band variable in the hysteresis modulator of the SM controller in the aim to restrict the switching frequency variation in the case of any change of the line input voltage or output load variation are introduced. The results obtained under load change, input change and reference change clearly demonstrates a similar dynamic response of both proposed techniques, their effectiveness is fast and smooth tracking of the desired output voltage. The PWMbased SM technique has greatly improved the dynamic behavior with a bit advantageous compared to the HM-based SM technique, as well as provide stability in any operating conditions. Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink environment have been performed to verify the concept. Keywords—Sliding mode control, pulse-width modulation, hysteresis modulation, DC-DC converter, parallel multi-cells converter, robustness.


In this paper,the development trend of automotive diesel engine and several kinds of common materials of the crankshaft was introduced.The material selection,strengthening process and prospect of automotive diesel engine crankshafts were discussed on basis of general comparing mechanical properties,fatigue performances,bench test?processability and cost of nodular graphite cast iron crankshaft,electroslag remelting crankshaft,quench and tempering crankshaft and microalloyed crankshaft with different strengthening treatment.


The paper aims to investigate the relationship between ἐρωτικὴ τέχνη and ἐλεγκτικὴ τέχνη in Plato's early dialogues, and especially in the Charmides, through a close exam of the role of ἀντέρως in the dialogical practice and exchanges. In the light of Socrates' reshaping of the roles of ἐραστής and ἐρώμενος in his view of παιδεία – exemplarily shown in the Symposium – I will analyse some passages of Socrates' conversations in the Charmides by focusing on the interaction between the one who examines and the one who answers within the elenctic procedure.


To study the mode of binding to adenosine deaminase by the hydroxyl group of 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)- and 9-(3-hydroxypropyl)adenines, a variety of 9-(2-methoxyethyl)-, 9-(3-methoxypropyl)-6-substituted purines and 9-(acetoxyalkyl)adenines were synthesized. Enzymatic evaluation of these compounds as inhibitors of adenosine deaminase revealed that they were less inhibitory than the corresponding compounds with a free hydroxyl group. These data indicate that the mode of binding of the hydroxyl group on the alkyl chain at the 9-position of adenine is by means of a hydrogen bond and that the structure of the hydrogen bond is from the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group on the inhibitor to an electronegative atom on the enzyme.


KEY POINTS
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening emergency, accounting for 1/2000 presentations of acute chest or back pain to the emergency department.[1][1] It is a clinical spectrum of diagnoses including aortic dissection, intramural hematoma and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer at


Methods: A total of 60 cases were analyzed. The variables were age, tumor markers (TM), pathologic stage, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Follow-up was carried out with TM and imaging studies. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 32.8 years. The beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were elevated in 28.3% and 20% of the cases, respectively. The most common stage was IA (41.6%), followed by IB (26.6%). A total of 26.7% cases presented with LVI. The mean follow-up period was 68 months. Treatment after ORC was: surveillance in 15 cases, CT in 24, RT in 18, and CT followed by ORC in 3 cases. RFS at 10 to 15 years was 80% and 71%, respectively. Within the same time frame, OS was 100%. Two deaths from tumors other than testicular cancer were reported.


Chromite grains in ores from the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, exhibit varying degrees of shearing when viewed by optical microscopy. High resolution diffraction data revealed that line broadening from powder samples of sheared chromites is largely due to two or more spinel phases with slightly different cell parameters, the number of phases increasing with the degree of shearing. The dominant or "parent" phase, with parameters ranging from 8.3123(2) to 8.2676(2) Å, constitutes 57% to 76% of most samples. The cell parameters of secondary phases are generally less than that of the parent phase by δa/a0 in the range −1.3 to −4.0×10−3, the difference again tending to increase with shearing. Most reflections for the parent phase are relatively sharp whereas those for the secondary phases exhibit line broadening that could be analyzed in terms of crystallike (domain) size and rms strain. The crystallite diameters, assuming spherical particles, are relatively large for the parent phases [260(2)–100(5) nm], while those for the secondary phases range from 165(70) to 70(25) nm. The rms strain is not large for any sample and is negligible or small for the unsheared and weakly sheared material. The microstrain in secondary phases is greater than that in the parent phase and tends to increase with shearing, the maximum rms strain being 1.6(3)×10−3. Two new forms of chromite in highly sheared material are reported, one with a slight (0.33%) tetragonal distortion and the other with a cell parameter of 17.561(2) Å, greater than that of normal spinel chromites by a factor of about 3/√2, and a lowering of symmetry from Fd3¯m to Fm3¯m. Changes in chemical composition, indicated by a range in cell parameter, are attributed to tectonics that affected much of the Great Dyke. The strain is partitioned between failure by brittle deformation of the chromite grains and stress-induced cation migration leading to cells with slightly different composition.


In paper [5] a simplified model for the hydrophobic binding sites of trypsin was proposed, showing where 1-amino-n-alkanes and α,ω-diamino-n-alkanes are bound while they competitively inhibit the catalyzed hydrolysis of a substrate ester. In the model, the enzyme has two hydrophobic binding sites separated by an aqueous region which presumably contains the catalytic important residues. The first site binds up to 4 methylene groups of the aliphatic side chain adjacent to the ω-amino group; additional –CH2 groups in the chain extend into the aqueous region. If the chain is larger than 7 carbon atoms, the additional methylene or methyl groups are bound to the second hydrophobic site. This site is found to bind less strongly than the first site.

This paper presents a thermodynamic investigation of the binding properties of trypsin in the formation of complexes with cationic esters and amids which bear an ammonium group on either the end of the acid side chain or the end of the alcohol or amine component. Free energy and in addition enthalpy and entropy of binding were measured as a function of the length of the inhibitor molecule and as a function of the position of the ester or amide carbonyl group. It was found that the stability of a complex increases linearly with length of the molecule, and that the magnitude of increase depends on the position of the carbonyl group. Amides always exhibit a smaller increase than esters. Inhibitors with the ammonium group on the alcohol component were bound with about the same stability than the corresponding ω-aminoacidesters. The results are consistent with the model. Positioning of the carbonyl group within the first or second binding site reduces stability due to restricted interaction of the hydrophobic residues on enzyme and inhibitor. Only when the carbonyl group falls into the aqueous region, the free energy for an inhibitor containing the ester group is similar to that for a 1-amino-n-alkane with identical chain length.

Enthalpy and entropy as functions of the position of the carbonyl group show minima for the position within the aqueous region. This observation is correlated with the jump of enthalpy and entropy of complex formation of trypsin in the series of 1-amino-n-alkanes reported earlier.

It is shown that the magnitude of free energy of complex formation with specific substrates is well estimated on basis of the model. As a consequence, the alternative binding of either the 2-N-acyl group or the alcohol or amine component to the second hydrophobic site may imply a mode of less productive binding. It is emphasized that unproductive binding should be reflected in the Michaelis Menten constants for substrate amides whereas the Michaelis Menten constant for a substrate ester is normally not perturbed.


As more and more advanced wireless technologies are incorporated into vehicles, there is a need to refine the test methods used for assessing the performance. Traditional test setups for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems have been developed for relatively small devices such as handsets and tablets. At the same time, there is a desire to replace vehicular field tests with lab testing, for more efficient and accurate testing. This paper evaluates over-the-air verification methods for MIMO communication systems, which may incorporate vehicle-sized antenna systems and that can be implemented in a lab. Different methods are compared by means of a round robin campaign. The results from the campaign indicate that performance assessment representative to real-world operation can be achieved.


Non-axisymmetric gravitational potentials are likely to play an important role in generating central activity in galaxies, i.e. starbursts and/or active galactic nuclei (AGN). For instance, the often observed secondary bars embedded in larger, primary, ones (Friedli & Martinet 1993; Wozniak et al. 1995; Friedli et al. 1996) might play a key role in feeding AGN, by accreting gas down to the centre at scales of a few parsecs. On the other hand, the frequent presence of a nuclear ring of star formation located between both bars indicates that double-barred galaxies are intimately linked to the formation of some circumnuclear starbursts. This type of galaxies might give useful clues to the connection between starbursts and AGN. Below, as part of a larger sample of nearby barred galaxies (Wozniak et al. 1997a) being taken by ISOCAM on board of the ISO satellite, we briefly discuss the characteristics of the circumnuclear mid-infrared (MIR) emission of two double-barred galaxies, namely NGC 4321 (M100) and NGC 1097. The observations were done using LW2 (5–8.5 μ m) and LW3 (12–18 μ m) broad band filters at the 1.5″ px −1 PFOV.


The thermal behavior of either bulk-crystallized solid or super-cooled liquid of bonding agent 1,1'-(1,3-phenylenedlcarbonyl) bis-2-methyl-aziridine(HX-752)was investigated by DSC and TG-DTG. No physics and chemistry changes were found in the range of -80 ℃~100 ℃ except that the super-cooled liquid transform to the glass at -37.6 ℃ and the crystallized solid melt at 36 8 ℃~42 9 ℃.The decomposition heat for metastable super-cooled liquid is greater than that of crystallized solid. It is shown that thermal decomposition process of HX-752 is complicated although the mass-loss is relatively small, the release heat is great at the first step. It indicates that significant changes in the molecular constitution on the decomposition is happened.


The existing literature investigates organizational capabilities for servitization in exploratory studies based predominantly on interviews with managers. This has led to classification frameworks that tend to reflect managerial perceptions regarding key capabilities (rather than actual firm capabilities) and in which associations and connections between capabilities remain anecdotal. This study examines the servitization-related capabilities existing in manufacturing firms that have taken strategic service initiatives and adopts a data-driven approach to explore their underlying structure. A quantitative study based on secondary data from annual report narratives is used to assess the servitization-related capabilities of 79 firms from the aerospace and defense sector and to identify the underlying factors through exploratory factor analysis. The study identifies seventeen capabilities structured into five factors: (i) management of production/delivery operations; (ii) development of valuable and sustainable offerings; (iii) identification of incentives; (iv) planning for uncertainty and change; and (v) relationship management. The study provides evidence of servitization-related capabilities in practice. By examining gaps between existing (current) capabilities and the capabilities identified in our five-factor model, business managers of aerospace and defense firms can assess the status of servitization-related capabilities at their firms and set objectives to develop such capabilities further. The study contributes to the systematic development of a reasonable and parsimonious representation of organizational capabilities for servitization, which is statistically supported and validated through empirical data.


A low-noise amplifier employing transformer feedback for 5-6 GHz WLAN applications operates from a 1 V supply and achieves a measured gain of 14.2 dB, noise figure (NF) of 0.9 dB, and IIP3 of +0.9 dBm, while consuming 16 mW. We benchmark the feedback design to a cascode topology fabricated in the same technology that realizes 14.1 dB gain, 1.8 dB NF, and IIP3 of +4.2 dBm while dissipating 21.6 mW at 1.8 V. Both designs are fully-differential and are implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS.


Demand growth this has increased the incidence of road accidents and the resulting casualties, including injuries and deaths. In this study, six of the rural two lane roads were selected as the study area and crash data was collected in the roads for 2013-2016 years. In this study, multi-la ered perceptron model was used for modeling crashes for different roads. The purpose of the multi-layered perceptron model training is to find the optimal value of weights and biases in such a way as to minimize network error. With this view, multi-layered perceptron modeling is an optimization issue with a number of specific parameters. Based on the collected data, the studied roads included Hamadan to Avaj, Hamedan to Qorveh, Hamadan to Malayer and Hamadan to Bijar in the area of the protection of Hamadan province, as well as Abhar to Qeydar in the area of protection of Zanjan province and the old road to Abeek to Qazvin, in Qazvin province. An appropriate model for the roads of Qazvin, Zanjan and Hamadan was architectu e. Approximately good results were obtained from the network. The value of the r2 statistic that was calculated was 0.83. The value of the MSE parameter equals to 0.59, which indicates the accuracy of the results in the training phase. For the roads of the Qazvin region, the value of r2 was 0.94. The value of the MSE parameter was also 0.33, which was very good, and showed the accuracy of the results in the training phase.


Fish are important laboratory animals, used mainly in aquatic toxicology, developmental biology, immunology and genetics. In the European Community, numbers are still increasing due to EC-legislation directed towards the use of lower vertebrates, obtained from registered breeding and supplying organizations (Anonymous, 1986). In contrast to the situation in laboratory mammals, very little demands are made thusfar on laboratory fish by international standardization organizations. There are no commercial suppliers of laboratory fish, resulting in the use of fish with unknown genetic background in almost al1 cases. It was recently shown that parental effects are one of the major sources of variation in aquatic toxicity testing using Oncorhynchus mykiss as test organism (Dave, 1993).


This article research and analysis the main technical in the remote power feeding system of underwater observatory network,discusses two ways to control the secondary node,and use the system model to simulation and analysis for the secondary way when have station submarine cable fault,branch submarine cable fault,backbone cable fault.Verified the reliability of this system,and provide theoretical and technical support for the underwater observatory network construction in fulture.


IDEO is one of the successful product development companies, it established in 1991 and combined with 3 companies (David Kelley Design, ID Two and Matrix Product Design). As one of the world's leading design firms, IDEO won a large number of awards than other product development firms. This company has a rapidly development in last several years, owned over 660 employees in the various disciplines. IDEO help organizations in the public and private sectors to find new design approach to innovate and grow, its major well-know clients are include Apple Inc., AT&T, Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Steelcase, PNC Financial Services and Palm. The company utilize design thinking as their main design process approach and focus on investigate and satisfied consumers' needs.


Expenses, which occur at an enterprise as the result of socially responsible activity performed by it, have been
researched. On the basis of analysis of scientific literature, basic approaches towards understanding their essence have
been determined. Methods of classifying enterprise's social expenses have been suggested.


This paper shows results obtained on AlGaN/GaN FJEMTs processed on epitaxy grown on composite substrates. The results are very promising for the fabrication of low cost high power microwave transistors for wireless communication systems. The composite substrates constitute a valuable alternative to the silicon since better thermal properties are expected.


According to the general survey of Baotianman reserve and its surrounding communities,it's discovered that there are 189 kinds of edible mountain wild herbs which can be divided into 161 genera and 66 families.The horizontal distribution,the composition of the different areas,the growing type,the edible parts and the nutritive value of the wild herbs are studied.From the altitude of 600 m to 1 830 m,6 altitude parts are divided to analyze the vertical distributing structure.It's found that the part from 600 m to 1 000 m has the largest amount of wild herb types,and the part from 1 600 m to 1 800 m has the least amount of wild herbs.In Baotianman reserve the distribution of the wild herbs along the altitude gradient is different from the distribution of the biodiversity along the altitude,that means the former one is the type with the middle part highly expanded while the highest amount inclined to the lower altitude.The coefficient of similarity among the wild herbs species is higher between the neighboring altitude parts.The coefficient of similarity is lower between the farther altitude parts.In conclusion,the main factors which may affect the distributing structure of the biodiversity of the edible mountain wild herbs along the altitude gradient in Baotianman nature reserve are:the topography,the altitude,the temperature of the community,the community type,the covering degree of the community and the human activities.


Metallic cavity with distributed dielectric coating for the 0.4 THz second harmonic gyrotron is proposed and studied using the generalized scattering matrix approach. It is shown that such coating provides several-fold increase in the Q-value of the operating mode with respect to that of the fundamental competing mode at a reasonable level of ohmic losses, dielectric losses and mode conversion. PACS: 03.50.De, 84.40.-x, 84.40.Ik


Partial discharge detection and classification are important for safety and reliability of power equipment. A novel cross-wavelet transform based technique is used in this work for feature extraction from partial discharge signals. Results show that cross-wavelet transform eliminates the effect of random, real-life noises and therefore the partial discharge patterns can be classified properly from the noisy waveforms. Different partial discharge patterns are recorded from the various samples prepared with known defects. Features are extracted from the raw noisy data and a rough-set based classifier is used to classify the patterns. Efficient classification of the patterns justifies the approach.


EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION "The Worst Herricy Man Can Preach" "Peter Elias" (evidently an assumed name), owner-operator of "Mormonism Web Ministries," recently published an issue of his rather puckishly titled newsletter, Tile Truth: A Christian Perspective 011 Mormonism, in which he pu t Amasa Lyman forward as his prize example of typical Latter-day Saint teaching. ' (The newsletter's apparently ironic slogan, repeated on the masthead of every issue, is "Trust the Truth.") I wish to d iscuss this issue of The Truth here because I think it furnishes a particularly dear illustration of the methodology employed by some zealous crit ics of the Church of jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. As such, it also provides a good argument for why their books, lectures, pamphlets, cassette tapes, Web si tes, tabloids, broadcasts, and seminars should not be taken at face vaJue. The theme of th is particula r issue of The Truth is "Mormonism: Insulting the Spirit of Grace?" Savvy readers can guess far in adva nce how Mr. Elias will answe r his own question. Under the rubric of "LDS," Mr. Elias has the following: '''We may ta lk of men being redeemed by the efficacy of his [Chr ist's] blood; but the truth is that that blood has tlO efficacy to wash away our sins. That must depend upon our own action.' LDS 'A postle' Amasa M. Lyman, Journal of Discourses, Vol. 7, p. 299, 1859." He contrasts this with "The Truth": "For you know that it was not with perishable things ... th at you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers l ie the Law'works'], but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. 1 Peter 1: 18." I. The Truth: i\ Christhm Perspective 011 Mormollism 5/2 (2000). On the Interne" s« .... 'Ww. mormonism-web,com! (specifically www.mormonism-web.com/lruwOO02.h.mJ. XII • FARMS REVIEW OF BOOKS 12/1 (2000) Mr. Elias subsequently strengthens his argumen t with two more quotations from Elder Lyman under the subheading of "Trampling on the Blood of Chri st?" But this scarcely seems necessary. There appears to be a pretty stark con trast between what Elder Lyman said and what 1 Peter 1:18 says. This is part icular ly so when that biblical passage is spun by Peter Elias's hyper-Protestant equation of an "empty way of life" with the Mosaic;: lawan equation that many observant Jews might understandably regard as demeaning and an tiSemitic-and, in turn, of the Mosaic law with "works" in general. It seems undeniably obvious that Latter-day Saint teaching, as represented by Elder Amasa Lyman of the Council of the Twelve, diverges dramatically from the doctrine of the New Testament. Case closed. But is it? Can Amasa Lyman's public musings on the redemptive power of the blood of Christ, or the lack thereof, legitimately be taken as illustrative of the teachings of the Church of Jesus Chr ist of Latter-day Saints? Let's look at the historical background. I shall consult only materials that I have on the shelves of my personal library at home, deliberately excluding the Web and any database software. Nothing among these materials is particularly esoteric or difficult to obta in. They are certai nly all within the reach of somebody as devoted to the study of Mormonism as Mr. El ias purports to be. An au thor who has found Amasa Lyman's scattered nineteenth-century ruminations can also reasonably be expected to be aware of mainstream histo riography on the Latter-day Sa ints and, most particularly, of the broad outlines of Amasa Lyman's biography. What does the historical record tell us? Prom 1855 to 1859 Lyman seems to have denied Ch rist's specia l divinity and vicarious blood atonement in seve ral conference sermons. A renowned orator, he told the Saints that Christ "was, simply, a holy man .... There was nothing about Jesus but the Priesthood that he held and the Gospel that he proclaimed that was so very singular."


Optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy have shown that diffuse interstellar clouds can have a wide range of properties, with especially large variations in the nature of the UV extinction curve and the abundances of molecular species. More subtle variations are found in the properties of the diffuse interstellar bands, and there have been suggestions that elemental depletions from the gas phase into solid dust particles also vary significantly. It is the purpose of this paper to review studies of the relatively diffuse interstellar clouds where these variations occur, and to explore the possible relationship between dust properties, as indicated by UV extinction, and other cloud characteristics. The focus is on relatively dense diffuse clouds, which may be viewed as transitional or intermediate between ordinary diffuse clouds and dark clouds, because in principle the greatest amount of information is available for the intermediate clouds, and because they serve as indicators of processes that may occur in the denser molecular clouds. The paper begins with a brief review of some results from the literature on transitional or intermediate clouds, and then provides a summary of some recent results on one particular cloud, in front of the star BD+31 °643, in the small open cluster IC348, which is part of the Perseus II complex of dark clouds and OB associations. The paper concludes with some tentative speculations about the possible status of the transitional clouds, along with a brief mention of the impact of upcoming instrumental developments on research in this area.


The four-rotor aircraft has broad application prospects in many areas,but the four-rotor aircraft control system is very complex.In this paper,the AVR microcontroller as control core design has infrared sensors intelligent obstacle avoidance control algorithm,and the four-rotor aircraft flight system has good stability.On this basis,the installation of the remote real-time image transmission system,the image transfer back from time to time,always made on the image processing.It can make the aircraft rescue and relief in their lives,as well as geological prospecting effectively,access to reliable information,highlighting the practical value of the aircraft.


It is now more than a year since the Barclay Report was published. Many people involved in Social Work, have avidly studied and dissected it. "Social Work Today" instantly launched into action with a pre- publication precis of the report,1 and followed it with nine consecutive issues of comment. BASW have organised conferences throughout the country. The Report, after all, marks the first official attempt to re-assess the role and task of social workers, a theme which has pre-occupied students and practitioners for years.


Introduction In order to develop Silicon Photonics, main areas or building blocks for investigation include selectively guiding and transporting of the light within the silicon, encoding light, detecting light, amplification and generation the light, packaging the devices and intelligent control of these photonic functions. While a wide variety of passive devices were developed in the 1990's, recent activities have focused on achieving active functionality, mostly light amplification and generation, in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. In particular, the approach for light generation based on Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in SOI technology has recently met a large interest [1]. More recently, new silicon-based waveguides have been proposed to manage the propagation loss in the near and long-wave infrared region [2]. This work represents a first investigation of SRS effect in silicon membrane waveguides, demonstrating the possibility to increase the Raman amplification by an appropriate design of air membrane.


Abstract Current ocean law negotiations reflect conflicts between two old and competing approaches: the view that the coastal state should control activities in any large adjacent ocean area, and the view that most of the ocean should be left open to the free use of all nations. Both approaches are laissez‐faire, leave the distribution of benefits to arbitrary factors, and are based on national exclusivity. In the negotiations this conflict is exhibited in competing claims regarding navigation, mineral resources, fishing, environmental protection, and strategic uses. A possible resolution has emerged in the concept of the whole ocean as a common resource of humankind, according to which no individual state has a right to benefit from the ocean except pursuant to arrangements sanctioned by the community, and rights to benefit are determined not arbitrarily but by membership in the community. The regime now likeliest to be produced by such an approach includes (1) a narrow territorial sea and various naviga...


Since 1980's,karst collapse have occurred many times in Quanhe area of Laiwu city,and collapse has the characteristics of sudden and repetitive.On the basis of existing research results and through the on-site survey,characteristics of karst collapse in Quanhe area of Laiwu city have been summarized.That is the formation and distribution of karst collapse have a direction in space,and have stages and focusing outbreak in time.As showed by karst collapse development,covering layers and hydrological and dynamic data,karst collapse in this area is formed by the changes of hydrodynamic conditions.


Background: Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) of Hoffmann–Zurhelle is a benign idiopathic hamartoma. There are two types of NLCS, multiple and solitary. They are found in the abdomen, lower back, buttocks, hips, upper posterior thighs, and pelvis. The diagnosis can be evaluated with a typical histopathological of mature fat cells in the dermis, with 10%–50% of the dermis.
Case Report: We reported a case of NLCS with clinical papules and multiple nodules on the buttocks since the age of 6 years with a history of lipoma removal. The dermoscopic examination was conducted to confirm the diagnosis. The histopathological examination showed a dominant sclerotic fibroma with two sessions of biopsy and a few mature fats on the dermis after deeper cuts paraffin block. Cryotherapy with an open spray method is treatment of choice in this patient.
Discussion: The appearance of the dermis in NLCS can be normal or an increase in collagen. Interestingly, collagen has sclerosis partially and resembles sclerotic fibroma never been reported. NLCS increases the amount of collagen; however, collagen as sclerosis remains obscure. The features of NLCS histopathological with other morphological abnormalities in the dermis have been reported, such as NLCS with perifollicular fibroma (PF) features. The sclerotic fibroma features are other morphological abnormalities in NLCS, as reported in the PF.


The utility model discloses a withdrawal tool special for withdrawing a bolt. The withdrawal tool special for withdrawing the bolt comprises a screw withdrawal drill used for being connected with the bolt and hooking the bolt, and a cutting edge of the screw withdrawal drill is provided with three parts and has the functions of drilling and centring, bolt hooking and rotating torque increasing. The other end of the screw withdrawal drill is arranged in a hole of a rotary connecting rod, and a locking nut on the rotary connecting rod carries out fastening locating on the screw withdrawal drill. The rotary connecting rod and a clamping handle are in directional connection through a connecting nut and threads, and the rotary connecting rod is limited. Locking steel balls, a pressure regulating spring and a pressure regulating nut are arranged on the clamping handle. The pressure regulating spring can generate positive pressure on the locking steel balls through regulation of the pressure regulating nut. The locking steel balls are matched with threads of the rotary connecting rod. The withdrawal tool is convenient to use and is not limited by dismounting sites or the size of a workpiece, and bolts of various specifications can be dismounted by replacing the specification of the screw withdrawal drill. The structure is compact, the self-locking overloading protection function is set, and the overloading protection function on operating personnel is achieved.


The system of transporting electricity is the most important component of the electric power system. Modernization, operation optimization, expansion of its transmission capacity, as well as the variability of the circuits on condition of maintaining or improving the reliability indicators, are the top priority problems in the entire energy industry. The present article is devoted to the development of schematic and technical solutions for a double-circuit three-phase transmission line with "a backup split-phase" mode of operation. The characteristic is given to traditional and non-traditional types of AC power transmission, such as overhead lines with a backup phase, six-phase power lines and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). The analysis of the ways to improve the efficiency of overhead transmission lines using structural and functional redundancy is given. The schematic and technical solution for a double-circuit transmission line with the expansion of operating modes is considered in detail. The possible operation modes of double-circuit transmission lines are described. The ways of increasing the natural power of the transmission line are inspected as well. The results of the calculation of the transmission capacity of lines with a backup split-phase are presented. Comparative analysis of the capacity of the overhead transmission lines in "backup split-phase" mode and the lines in the traditional design is conducted.


Automation of library processes is an important topic in modern conditions of digitalization and transition of human activities to the latest computer technologies. Acquisition of literature to library collections forms the document base for the subsequent work of the library, so this process needs continuous improvement and optimization of its constituent operations. The article is devoted to the application of computer technologies in the preparation and use of the scientific library thematic-typological plan of acquisition as the scientific base of building collections. The object of the article is to present the experience of creating and using the electronic model of the Thematic and Typological Acquisition Plan in the scientific library, to define the perspectives of implementing the data base for information and library servicing UB RAS users.The article presents the results of content analysis of subject headings and indices of the State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information for bibliographic descriptions of Russian journals received in 2015–2017, in the Consolidated electronic catalog of periodicals of the Central Scientific Library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; of books, published by the institutes of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015–2017, according to the Electronic catalog of Russian books and continuing publications of the Central Scientific Library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; of publications (published in 2015–2019) of the institutes of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, included in the database of the Russian Science Citation Index on the portal «eLIBRARY.ru» – are presented in the article. It also describes the stages of creation, analyzes the characteristics and capabilities of the database «Thematic-typological acquisition plan» of the Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


Abstraction is s powerful technique for the design and implementation of complex systems. A model developed at a higher level of abstraction allows one to tackle complexity by initially hiding the details and elaborating them later. A higher level of abstraction typically has a positive effect on the simulation speed and ease of development of the model, but could affect the accuracy of the model developed. In this paper, we study the effect of model abstraction of a peripheral device developed at a higher level of abstraction using SystemC, and at the register transfer level using Verilog. The parameters compared are accuracy, simulation speed, flexibility, time to develop, code length and ease of verification. In our study to show that by raising the level of abstraction, one not only achieves better simulation speed, flexibility, ease of verification but also reduces time to develop and shorten code length. All this is achieved while being able to maintain almost the same accuracy.


Covers all the elements of the Scottish schools Standard Grade course: Listening; Speaking; Reading; Writing; Grammar. The audio CD contains useful vocabulary and activities to develop speaking and listening skills Original reading material combined with past exam questions help students prepare for the exam Targeted writing activities develop and improve writing skills.


Article is devoted to clarify on the basis of empirical studies of the actual state or quality of family students' ideals, as well as to analyze of the degree coincidence between the views of students on the ideal and the real family value students` orientations. The author identifies three areas of sociological studies of students' culture in the field of family relationships: 1) Researches representations of students about ideal family partners and ideal image of the family; 2) Research the actual value priorities and students` orientations; 3) Studies comparing students´ perceptions of the ideal family and family partners with their real value orientations. In the context of the third direction, the author gives her own empirical results of the comparison the perceptions of students about the ideal spouse with their self-assessment of their conformity to these ideas. In the end, the author makes a conclusion about the prevalence in the student consciousness traditional family orientation.


OBJECTIVES
Adnexal torsion is a rare gynecologic emergency caused by twisting of an adnexal mass. Twisted vascular pedicle is the most specific imaging finding for adnexal torsion, however, identification of twisted vascular pedicle can be challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) sequence (SWS) for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion.

METHODS
MR imaging including SWS (SWAN: Susceptibility-weighted angiography) of surgically proven four benign ovarian masses with torsion (one acute and three subacute to chronic torsions) were retrospectively evaluated. Three cystic masses and one solid mass were included in this study.

RESULTS
High signal intensity venous thrombus within the twisted vascular pedicle on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) was detected in three lesions with subacute to chronic torsion (75%) but not in one lesion with acute torsion, whereas susceptibility-induced signal voids within the twisted vascular pedicle on SWAN were detected in all four lesions (100%).

CONCLUSIONS
The demonstration of venous thrombus in the twisted vascular pedicle by SWS may be diagnostic for adnexal torsion.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
SWS can detect blood products sensitively and can reveal venous thrombus in the twisted vascular pedicle, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion.


A ceramic composition for an injection-molding process for producing a combustion chamber pressure sensor (10), in particular for producing an insulation punch (12) of a combustion chamber pressure sensor (10), includes a ceramic component in a proportion of greater than or equal to 50% by weight and a glass component in a proportion of less than or equal to 50% by weight. The ceramic component includes aluminum oxide. The glass component includes silicon dioxide or a silicon dioxide precursor. The ceramic composition further includes an alkaline earth metal oxide or an alkaline earth metal oxide precursor. The ceramic composition allows production of an insulation punch having a particularly good insulation capability. The invention further relates to a ceramic injection-molding process.


Received J u ly 2005; accepted for publication A ugust 2006 Several Central American species of Piper sect. Macrostac hys ha ve obligate associations with ants , in whic h the antpartner derives food and shelter from modiÞed plant structures and, in turn, protects the plant against fungalinfection and herbivory . In addition to these obligate ant-plants (i.e. myrmecophytes), several other species in Piper ha ve resident ants only sometimes (facultative), and still other plant species never ha ve resident ants . Sheathingpetioles of sect. Macrostac hys form the domatia in whic h ants nest. Myrmecophytes in sect. Macrostac hys ha vetightly closed petiole sheaths with bases that clasp the stem. These sheathing petioles appear to be the single mostimportant plant character in the association between ants and species of sect. Macrostac hys . W e examined thestructure and variation of petioles in these species , and our results indicate that minor modiÞcations in a smallnumber of petiolar characters make the difference between petioles that are suitable for habitation by ants andthose that are not. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical J ournal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 ,181Ð191.


The invention discloses an electromagnetic nondestructive detection system of a power transmission line. The system comprises an excitation unit, a leakage flux signal detection unit, an eddy-current transducer unit, an orthogonal lock-phase amplification unit, a signal conditioning unit, an eddy-current power amplification unit, an analog-digital conversion unit, an excitation signal generation unit, an ARM (advanced RISC machines) control unit, an SD (secure digital) card data storage unit, a data transmission unit and a principal computer data processing unit, wherein the leakage flux signal detection unit comprises two hall sensor units and a differential amplifier, and the eddy-current transducer unit comprises an eddy-current excitation coil and an eddy-current detection coil, which are sequentially arranged on a power transmission line in a penetrating manner. Based on the electromagnetic nondestructive detection principle, the system has the advantages that the structural size is small, the function integration degree is high, the detection speed is high, the signal sensitivity is high, the flaws of an aluminum strand and a steel core of the power transmission line and the deviation and departure of the steel core in a pressing pipe can be simultaneously detected, and the system is easily integrated into a power transmission line robot structure to realize the online real-time detection.


This paper considers generation of Minimal Spanning Trees (MST) of a simple symmetric and connected graph G. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to find out minimum spanning tree of the graph G based on the degree sequence factor of nodes in graph. The time complexity of the problem is less than ) log ( E


In a series of important and influential books, Wilfred Cantwell Smith has convincingly argued that religious traditions are misunderstood if one does not grasp the faith which they express, that these traditions are not static but fluid, and that as a result of greater knowledge and increased contact between members of different traditions, we have entered a period in which it is no longer possible for the traditions to develop in relative isolation. This paper is devoted to an important aspect of Smith's thought – his distinction between faith and propositional belief.


On day 1, the mean serum zinc level was comparable to the mean level observed in a control group of patients hospitalised for acute bronchial asthma. On days 2-4, the serum zinc levels dropped, and were significantly lower than the mean level on day 1 (p < 0,01) and also lower than the mean serum zinc level of the controls (p < 0,001)


Bi-directional methods are widely used in scientific and productive measurements. By the symmetric principle, systematic errors are largely cancelled. The technique of Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) is a typical example. Using the reciprocated radio signals emitted at two Earth laboratories and exchanged through a geostationary telecommunication satellite, the atmosphere delay effects are greatly reduced in the combination of the up and down signals. Applications to time transfer of the optical fibre technique, here under the acronym TWOTFT (Two-Way Optical fiber Time and Frequency Transfer) developed rapidly. The reciprocity of the signal in both the directions allows balancing the propagation path delays in the fibre since they average out almost entirely by employing the two-way method. Based on historical documents and the latest developments and in view of metrology, we briefly review and preview the two-way techniques for application in accurate time transfer for UTC.


ABSTRACT This paper answers questions on the educational attainment and occupational career of men in The Netherlands whose working life began in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, in so far as their job history is available until at least the age of 45 years. The analysis draws on five Dutch retrospective life-history surveys conducted between 1992 and 2003. The results show that a man's education depends upon his father's job, and that this effect has not changed for labour market entry cohorts. When explaining a man's first job, his father's job is influential once more, independent of a man's education. A man's education has a direct positive effect on his first job, his job after 10 and 20 years, and his peak job, but again the differences in status attainment between labour market entry cohorts are limited. Findings also reveal that advantages accumulate during a person's working life. Apart from a higher level of education, a higher first job has an independent positive effect on a man's job after 10 and 20 years, as well as on his peak status.


The ZXSM-10 equipment is an intelligent PCM with SDH STM-1 light interface which is widely used in Hubei electric power communication network. With no hot plugging and unplugging function, this equipment has to be switched off when boards need to be replaced. This will affects the services of other boards and cause some risks in unattended transformer substation. This paper analyzes the circuits of the board, discusses the realization of hot plugging and unplugging function in the equipment.


A design procedure utilizing an ant colony optimization (ACO) technique is developed for discrete optimization of steel frames. The objective func tion considered is the total weight (or cost) of the structure subjected to serviceability and strength requirements as specified by the American Institute for Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC-LRFD). The design of steel frames is mapped into a modified traveling salesman problem (TSP) where the configuration of the TSP network reflects the structural topology, and the resulting length of the TSP tour corresponds to the weight of the frame. The resulting system is minimized using an ACO algorithm with a penalty function to enforce strength and serviceability constraints.


The relationship between the protein quality index of commercial rapeseed meals (RSMs) and laboratory heat-damaged RSMs as predicted chemically by the dye-binding method and biologically by the total protein efficiency (TPE) method was investigated. Results indicated that commercial RSMs which bound Acid Orange 12 from 335 to 360 mg/g protein were not significantly different in protein quality as shown by two chick growth assays. The RSMs with DBCP of 327 mg Acid Orange 12/g protein or less were of lower protein quality as shown by chick growth assay. The TPE values recorded from RSMs heated for various lengths of time ranked in the same order as the DBCP and were a function of heating time.


The routing number of an s-graph arises in the social-law approach to the problem of coordination ofrobots moving on a network.Onn and Sperber showed that the determination of the routing number of an s-graph is NP-complete and further posed the question of whether planar graphs always admit routing numbers that can be bounded in terms of their radius.In this paper,we introduce the routing number of the directed s-graph and show that it is equal to the perimeter (i.e. the length of a longest directed cycle) of the directed s-graph.This implies that the routing number of an undirected s-graph is equal to the minimum perimeter among all its orientations.Using this result,we give a counter example to a question of Onn et al.and further show that the routing number of the product graph,a graph frequently used as a network,is equal to its radius and hence can be determined in polynomial time.


Preface Acknowledgements Profile of the Contributors Prologue Introduction (The Regional Imperative) Part 1. Looking Back, Looking Forward 1. U. S. Foreign Policy toward South Asia: A Continuing Tilt to the Functional, by Walter Andersen 2. The Reasons Why: American's Half-Century Struggle to Control the Political Agenda in South Asia, by Harold A. Gould 3. From Indifference to Engagement: The Role of the U. S. Congress in Making Foreign Policy for South Asia, by Arthur G. Rubinoff Part 2. Coordination 4. The Coordination of Complexity in South Asia, by Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph Part 3. Case Studies 5. The Breakup of Pakistan, by Philip Oldenburg 6. Public Law 480 and the Policies of Self-Help and Short-Tether: Indo-American Relations, 1965-1968, by James Warner Bjorkman Index


This paper describes pose estimation problems and rotation matrix estimation in computer vision. One pose estimation problem described here is registration of corresponding point sets X,Y , which estimates a rigid body transformation (in particular, a rotation matrix) that gives the best match between X and Y . Another problem is a regression-based object pose estimation method, which estimates function f that gives the estimates of pose parameters p for a given image x. Estimating a rotation matrix is required for using rotation matrices as the pose parameters of three degrees-of-freedom pose.


people think of alchemy as a sort of early chemistry and that was certainly one aspect of it. But there was another . aspect; and, in its light, it becomes more credible that so many men throughout such a long period of history were willing to sacrifice time and money and the goods of life to study alchemy and engage in its practice. Those men believed that alchemy held the secret of life, that, in theological terms, it was a way of salvation. Professor Carl G. Jung devoted the final writings of his life to illuminating this view of alchemy. These two aspects, which we may call the practical and the philosophical, existed from the earliest times. It is, however, a mistake, foisted on us by our post-Cartesian view of the world, to separate them. We draw sharp lines between mind and matter, but the medieval world did not. The alchemist in his workroom and the monk in his


Effective high-level data management is becoming an import ant issue with more and more scientific applications manipulating huge amounts of secon dary-storage and tertiary-storage data using parallel processors. A major problem facing the c urrent solutions to this data management problem is that these solutions either require a dee p understanding of specific data storage architectures and file layouts to obtain the best per formance (as in high-performance storage management systems and parallel file systems) or the y sacrifice significant performance in exchange for ease-of-use and portability (as in tra ditional database management systems). In this paper, we discuss the design, implementation, and ev aluation of a novel application development environment for scientific computations. This environment includes a number of components that make it easy for the programmers to code and r un their applications without much programming effort, and at the same time, to harness the available computational and storage power on parallel architectures.


Objectives: We investigated the relationship between snoring sounds and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: A total number of 103 snoring patients (60 males and 43 females) were evaluated by means of polysomnographic findings and snoring sound recordings. Snoring sound intensity was assessed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) method by measuring maximal frequency (Fmax) and average snoring sound intensity level (SSIL). Results: Maximal frequency and SSIL are correlated with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), REM AHI, and severity of the OSAS. So, as the severity of the OSAS increased, so did the Fmax and SSIL of the snoring recordings, meaning patients started snoring louder with more frequency. In older patients, in females, in severe OSAS group, and in patients with higher body mass index (BMI), AHI and AHI REM values and SSIL and Fmax values increased. As mean oxygen (O2) saturation and lowest O2 saturation decreased, SSIL and Fmax values increased. Conclusion: Maximal frequency and SSIL analysis of the snoring sound increased in severe OSAS patients. People should be aware of the importance of snoring sounds. In particular, patients with snoring sounds increasing in intensity and of higher frequency should discuss with their physicians the possibility of OSAS.


The MYRRHA Project (Multi Purpose Hybrid Reactor for High Tech Applications) at Mol/belgium will be a user facility with emphasis on research with neutrons generated by a spallation source. One main aspect is the demonstration of nuclear waste technology using an accelerator driven system. A superconducting linac delivers a 4 mA, 600 MeV proton beam. The first accelerating section is covered by the 17 MeV injector. It consists of a proton source, an RFQ, two room temperature CH cavities and 4 superconducting CHcavities. The initial design has used an RF frequency of 352 MHz. Recently the frequency of the injector has been set to 176 MHz. The main reason is the possible use of a 4-rod-RFQ with reduced power dissipation and energy, respectively. The status of the overall injector layout including cavity design is presented.


ABSTRACTTwo hundred and twenty-three lyophilized isolates of fungi representing 91 species from sunflower seed were revived and grown in lipase medium with and without emulsified sunflower oil. Lip...


Severe surgical techniques have been introduced to augment gingival tissue dimensions like the free gingival graft, free connective grafts, etc., However, both the techniques are associated with significant patient morbidity due to the secondary surgical site. In order to overcome these postsurgical complications, acellular dermal allografts have been used as a substitute for the palatal donor tissue yielding clinically comparable results. However, the cost and origin of the material raises concern regarding the frequent use of the material. As an improved alternative to above-mentioned graft material, the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and collagen matrices has been promoted in the recent past. The objective of this illustrative case report is to test the efficacy of collagen matrix, PRF to augment attached gingiva and to assess the esthetic outcome when compared to the standard treatment with free autogenous graft.


In this paper, we propose a test generation method for non-robust path delay faults using stuck-at fault test generation algorithms. In our method, we first transform an original combinational circuit into a circuit called a partial leaf-dag using a path-leaf transformation. Then we generate test patterns using a stuck-at fault test generation algorithm for stuck-at faults in the partial leaf-dag. Finally we transform the test patterns into two-pattern tests for path delay faults in the original circuit. We prove the correctness of the approach and experimental results on several benchmark circuits show the effectiveness of it.


The social development calls for the socialization of information service of libraries in universities which is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the need of enhancement of the development of library capacity in addition to the realization of its social and economic benefits. University libraries possess information resources of socialized information service,human resources,and hardware facilities. The key of socialized information service of libraries in universities is to further reform the system and mechanism of libraries in universities,to set up the new concept of library management,to introduce the relevant laws and regulations,to improve the quality of the librarians and to adhere to the characteristic library management.


A collaborative research programme is proposed, based on the supposition that the urgently needed renewal of our companies should follow the model of a Value People Organisation. Such an organisation is characterised by four mutually related conditions: the presence of shared values; the competencies to transform these shared values into results; self-management systems to guide this process; and appraisal and reward systems to support it. To realise these four conditions is considered a number one management responsibility. The proposed research programme looks for empirical evidence in support of the above hypothesis. It also tackles the question of how to realise the conditions mentioned, if they are lacking. Two context factors are taken into account: educational programmes of universities, because of their impact on the influx of employee competencies into organisations; and national and supranational bodies, because of their role in the conditioning of people's (shared) values.


Space may be divided into two basic components: the natural environment and the anthropogenic environment. Both components permeate one another. The desire for constant development exposes the natural environment to numerous threats; therefore, particularly important areas are included under legal protection. To make more effi cient use of limited space, planning documents are adopted, the content of which has to take into account the environmental determinants, including issues related to environmental protection. The paper presents the Polish system of nature conservation and spatial planning, along with mutual dependencies that connect both systems and their reciprocal influences.


We investigate the relationship between general and specialized management practices and energy use outcomes in a machine components manufacturing cluster in Shandong Province, China. We conduct an on-site survey of 100 firms that combines the core questions from a survey of general management practices with a new questionnaire on energy management practices, and separately collect three years of firm energy use data. Moving from the 25th to 75th percentile on management score is associated with a reduction in electricity intensity of 17% in value terms (electricity expenditure divided by output value) but only an 8% reduction in physical terms (electricity use in kilowatt-hours divided by output value). Energy management score is found to increase with general management score, and large firms tend to score highly on both measures. Interest in adopting an energy management tool increases with energy management score, while overall management score only weakly predicts interest. Modern management practices may enable organizations: 1) to identify and deploy interventions (such as load shifting) that translate into cost savings and 2) to develop specialized management practices (in this case, for energy), which in turn may increase capacity to absorb information that is of potential but uncertain value to the firm.


In common parlance, the term 'social' is used in many senses ranging from the way society is organised to the rank or status someone has in society; to activities that involve meeting with other people; to the experience, behaviour and interaction of persons forming groups; and to promoting companionship and communal activities. [...].


Objective To analyze the health condition of scientific researchers,understand the health of hospital staff,and put forward the effective prevention,healthcare and control measures.Methods The data were collected from our hospital and analyzed by x2 test using SPSS 12.5 software.Results The health problems were hyperlipidemia,overweight and obesity,high blood pressure,gallbladder disease,fatty liver disease,diabetes,with detection rate as 27.94%,18.32%,17.73%,12.73%,8.96% and 7.21% respectively.The disease rate male was significantly higher than that of female(P0.01).Conclusion High risk factors have been analyzed with the characteristics of hospital staff.It is suggested to change the way of life,take adequate exercise,and strengthen the health management.


Sequential lateration is a class of methods for multidimensional scaling where a suitable subset of nodes is first embedded by some method, e.g., a clique embedded by classical scaling, and then the remaining nodes are recursively embedded by lateration. A graph is a lateration graph when it can be embedded by such a procedure. We provide a stability result for a particular variant of sequential lateration. We do so in a setting where the dissimilarities represent noisy Euclidean distances between nodes in a geometric lateration graph. We then deduce, as a corollary, a perturbation bound for stress minimization. To argue that our setting applies broadly, we show that a (large) random geometric graph is a lateration graph with high probability under mild condition. This extends a previous result of Aspnes et al (2006).


Testing of a software system is a resource-consuming activity that requires high-level expert knowledge. In previous work we proposed an ontologybased approach to alleviate this problem. In this pa ...


Jangan-sa is one of the Buddhist temples in the southeastern seaside district, which was restored directly after the termination of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Recently we could find out 4 records on the constructions of Daeoong - jeon in J angan-sa. These are written in the 12th year of Emperor Soonchi, written in the 8th year of Emperor Geonryung, written in 1947 Buddha Era and written in 1951 Buddha Era. Until the revelation of these records, the present building has been considered to be built in 1657, the 8th year of King Hyojong, based upon Kim Bang - han's "Jangan - sa Daeoong - jeon - gi". Because the gongpo of Daeoong - jeon was finished with the type of the late period of Chosun Dynasty, we doubt of the correction on it's building date, just in the year of 1657. Now we are able to examine the building date and the alteration date, based upon the actual measurement and constructional records of Daeoong - jeon. So to speak, the building destroyed in 1592, had been restored in 1658, the 9th year of King Hyojong and was reconstructed in 1744, the 20th year of King Youngjo. Afterward it was repaired on small scales in 1947 and in 1951. Though this building is considered to be lack of the completeness owing to the later alterations, it is still worthy heritage for the research on the building type at the directly after the termination of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592.


A mild solvothermal route for preparing Sn doped nano ZnO photocatalysts was developed by using benzyl alcohol as the reaction medium and Zn(OAC)2·2H2O and SnCl4·5H2O as the precursors.The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV-vis DRS),and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB) in an aqueous solution under UV-light radiation.The results show that these photocatalysts have good crystallinity.When the doping concentration of Sn is 5%(mass fraction),the sample shows the best dispersion and the particle size of this sample is about 20 nm.With a further increase of Sn concentration the dispersion of the sample decreases and the SnO2 phase appears.PL test indicated that the doping of 5%(mass fraction) Sn greatly decreased the intensity of the photoluminescence peak which was caused by oxygen vacancies.The photocatalytic activity of the sample with 5%(mass fraction) Sn concentration is about 1.4 times that of the pure ZnO,and the increase in photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to that the presence of Sn can suppress the recombination rate of the e-/h+ pairs and improve the physical property of the catalysts.


We present analysis of 25 years' worth of archival VLA, VLBA and EVN observations of the X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. From this, we deduce the source proper motion, allowing us to predict the location of the central binary system at any given time. However, the line of sight is too scatter-broadened for us to measure a parallactic distance to the source. The measured proper motion allows us to constrain the three-dimensional space velocity of the system, implying a minimum peculiar velocity of 9 km/s. Reinterpreting VLBI images from the literature using accurate core positions shows the jet orientation to vary with time, implying that the jets are oriented close to the line of sight and are likely to be precessing.


In practical heat production systems, premixed flames with cold heat exchanger in cross-flow is a widely used configuration. Self-excited thermoacoustic instabilities often occur in such systems. A ...


The AT&T VideoPhone 2500 is the first video telephone to provide color, motion video over the analog loop on the public switched telephone network. The enabling technologies include video and audio compression, as well as a high-speed modem (modulator-demodulator). This paper describes the overall architecture of the VideoPhone 2500 and operation of individual subsystems, including design considerations. It also provides details about the market research and business decision process that led to AT&T's entry into the video-telephone market.


Low specific gravity beer becomes more and more prevalent because it's tasting clean,tasty and refreshing,fragrant hops smell,low alcohol and caloric,and rich nutrition.Four beers(the real attenuations was 57.6%,63.4%,67.9%,72.5%,respectively) were brewed by bottom fermentation using 7°P wort.The brewing were carried on under same conditions while some indexes including total acid,pH value,α-AN,alcoholic,reducing sugar and real extract content were determined at one day interval during the main fermentation.After one day's lag phase,the total acid decreased firstly and then increased after two days fermentation.The pH value,α-AN,reducing sugar and real extracts content decreased gradually while alcoholic continuously increased.The residue α-AN of finished beer enhanced with the increasing of real attenuation,which was equal to 12.3%~19.4% that of wort;The pH value was decreased by 1.79~1.89;Total acid and residue reducing sugar enhanced with the increasing of real attenuation and their contents were 0.62~0.77 mL/100mL 0.1mol/L NaOH and 3.2~4.80g/L,respectively.Turbidity of beer decreased with the increasing of real attenuation and the chroma didn't change significantly.Sensory evaluations show that 7oP beer with 57.6% real attenuation had best sensory quality.


Acknowledgements I would like to thank my wife, Allison, for her support over the three years I have pursued my Engineering Management Master's Degree. Despite the rigors and demands of her own training and profession, her support was unwavering. I sincerely hope she can say the same for my support of her endeavors. I would like to acknowledge my daughter Sydney for the forced sacrifices she made that she could not fully understand. I would also extend my gratitude to my parents, Ron and Janet, who taught me the value of education and hard work, and assisted my family throughout my Master's education. I would also like to thank my employer for its financial support. Finally, I would like to thank the committee members, Linda Miller, John Bricklemyer and Don Coffey, for their knowledge, direction and time donated supporting my Field Project. Definitions Development distillery – Subject of this market research effort. A distillery designed to produce spirits for individuals or other distilleries on a contract basis. Contract distilling – A limited arrangement between an individual or distillery and the development distillery to produce a specific amount of spirit, according to a specified recipe. Test batch – Similar to contract distilling, but referring to the product not the arrangement. Rent‐a‐still – Colloquialism for the contract distilling arrangement. Refers to the still owned by the development distillery that will be used to produce the test batch. Individual target customer – An individual consumer or corporation that may be interested in producing a test batch with the development distillery. Unlikely to own their own still, but some individuals may. Start‐up distillery target customer – A company that intends to produce or in the early stages of producing spirits. May be interested in producing a test batch with the development distillery. Operating distillery target customer – A subset of the start‐up distillery target customer, who currently produces spirits. May be interested in producing a test batch with the development distillery. Proof gallon – A measure of volume that takes into account the ethanol composition of the subject spirit. Typically defined as one gallon at 100 proof (50 percent alcohol by volume). Used extensively as a measure of production in the spirit industry. Central Question: Is there a market for contract distilling at the craft scale? The craft distilling market has experienced rapid growth in recent years. In many ways, this trend is expected …


It is not the "theology" they fear.  IT IS THE OBJECTIVE SCIENTIFIC FACTS THEY FEAR, objective scientific facts determined by the consensus of Ph.D. human embryologists from around the world (the international Nomina Embryologica Committee).  Just because a group of rogue "scientists" vote that something is an accurate scientific fact does not thereby make that "fact" accurate or true.  Not just any scientist can take that vote;  only those who have the legitimate academic degrees and professional experience to do so can.  Otherwise such a "consensus" is a "consensus" in name only -- aka, a myth, a "fairy tale".


For good or ill, conservative women have moved mountains in America's past. The prohibition of liquor is just one example. So is the banning of books in schools. Now they have helped organize the Tea Party, and their new political engagement may change American political culture in unpredictable ways. Their assault on the misogyny in the Republican Party, for example, may repeat some of the changes that occurred when feminists challenged the Democratic Party in the 1970s. Perhaps they will build a large base in the Tea Party and elect their own leaders. It is also conceivable, as in the past, that they may disappear into their homes and churches and become a footnote in the history of American politics. Given the current economy, however, that is unlikely.  That the Tea Party panders to fear and resentment is well known. One of the dirty little secrets of the movement, however, is that the conservative movement is, in part, fueled by female members who are angry and resentful at being excluded from Republican and conservative politics.


The purpose of the study. To identify the features of humic acids of soils of different formation conditions using quantitative indicators of fluorescence spectra. Place and time of the event. The research was carried out on the territory of Siberia, where in the period 2000-2021, key areas with different natural conditions were identified in different regions. Methodology. Humic acids (HA) are considered as an independent component of the system of humus substances (SHS) of soils, the properties of which depend on the ecological conditions of formation. Soil samples were taken during the period of the most stable state of the system of humus substances in a continuous column every 5–10 cm and (or) less within the visible boundaries of genetic horizons. The HA preparations were isolated with 0.1 n NaOH after preliminary soil decalcification followed by precipitation with 2 n HCl. Additional purification from ash elements was not carried out. Fluorescence spectra of humic acid solutions with the same concentration of the substance (0.01 % HA) at pH of 13 were recorded in the wavelength range of 300–650 nm on an Agilen Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The main results. The average statistical quantitative indicators of the fluorescence spectra of humic acids of soils formed under different natural conditions were calculated: the position of the fluorescence maximum (λmax), the value of the first moment (M1), and the ratio of the integral fluorescence intensities in the areas of its maximum manifestation in the red and blue parts of the spectrum (coefficient α). The results showed that soils formed in different natural conditions have different ranges of values of all quantitative indicators of the fluorescent properties of humic acids. They differ significantly in tundra soils of plain and mountainous conditions, within the same mountainous country due to vertical zonality, within the same territory with ring zonality due to the change of humidification areas, and with other qualitative differences in the natural environment forming them. It is shown that M1 reflects the configuration features of humic acids due to the conditions of soil formation, while the coefficient α reflects the state of this soil component during the period of soil sampling depending on the local conditions of their functioning. Conclusion. The analysis of quantitative parameters of the fluorescence spectra of humic acids of soils of different conditions of formation made it possible, using emission spectra at one excitation wavelength (330 nm), to identify the specifics of the fluorescent properties of humic acids, which manifests itself in the position of the fluorescence maximum on the spectral scale, the value of the first moment and the ratio of the values of integral intensities in the long-wave and short-wave spectral regions. The data showed that the fluorescence maximum as well as the value of the first moment in mountain-tundra soils lies within very narrow limits and is among the lowest values identified in our studies. Humic acids of plain tundra soils differ significantly from their mountain analogues in all indicators of fluorescent properties. In conditions of vertical zonation in the direction from the zone of tundra soils to the zone of steppe mountain areas, a shift of the fluorescence maximum towards an increase in the wavelength is observed, however, it does not go beyond the boundaries of the blue region of the spectrum. The maximum values of these indicators are characteristic of the fluorescence of GC soils of steppe areas of intermountain basins and steppe areas of plain conditions of the Trans-Urals and Altai Region Territory. The assessment of the significance of humic acid differences in the fluorescence properties of soils of hillocks and sports of plain tundra showed that the values of λ and M differ by 10 and 7 units, respectively, and that the differences between them are significant. Differences for other objects formed in different natural conditions at the local level in the absolute majority of cases turned out to be significant. The existence of a close correlation of the values of quantitative indicators of the fluorescent properties of humic acids with the ratio of the main structure–forming elements - H:C and with climatic parameters is shown, using the example of mountain soils of Tuva and pedogenically processed deposits of the archaeological monument Grotto Obi-Rahmat, which allows us to recommend the use of these easily and quickly obtaining characteristics as an indicator for assessing the state of soils and the natural environment.


Crop simulation models can be used to estimate the impact of current and future climate on crop yields and food security. For this, long - term historical daily weather data are required. The accuracy of the simulated yields is dependent upon the quality of the weather data. For many regions available daily weather data show irregularities or missing values. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for analysing errors and reconstruct missing values on weather data based on statistical functions in R.3.0.0. This approach is illustrated for Monz e Farmer Training Centre in Zambia. Weather data analysed were minimum and maximum air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. Visual data exploration allowed initial identification of outliers and systematic errors due to sensor or transcription p roblems. For minimum and maximum temperature and rainfall outlier detection, thresholds were defined for different times in a year. The singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method was used to fill data gaps resulting from removal of the anomalies. By detecting the general signal trend, the SSA extrapolates it to the period of missing data, allowing filling the data gaps. Visual data exploration showed signs of repeated coping and pasting of the solar radiation data. The Mountain Climate Simulator (MT - CLIM) was used to estimate solar radiation using daily maximum temperature, maximum temperature and precipitation. Comparison of the observed and simulated solar radiation showed a 'good' RMSE of 19.7%. Our methodology, based on statistical and graphical approaches improves weather data quality for long term series and it will increase the ability of researchers in sub - Saharan Africa, and elsewhere, to make the best use of local weather data, although with irregularities or missing values, for cropping systems modell ing. (Texte integral)