"Whores are not a homogenous class." Adams, "Words for Prostitute in Latin" is apud scortum corruptelae est liberis, lustris studet. Plautus, Asinaria "And all the time corrupting his children at a harlot's, haunting houses of ill fame!" Nixon, Plautus, The Comedy of Asses "And all the time he's teaching Rip how to make it with Cleareta's whores ..." Chappell, Plautus, "Asses Galore" "Now he's chez tart. A freeborn child's perversion, lover of morass." John Henderson, Asinaria "In reality he corrupts his son at a prostitute's and frequents the brothels." De Melo, Plautus, The Comedy of Asses The last twenty years have seen a renewed interest in sex labor in antiquity, (1) with colleges offering more courses on women in antiquity, Roman comedy, and sexuality in the ancient world, and Roman Civilization courses including units on women. These classes, largely aimed at undergraduates, require clear and accurate translations of the Latin material and a thorough understanding of the types of sex labor in the Roman world. It is therefore time to reevaluate terminology--to reconsider the kinds of sex labor in the texts, and how they can be understood. There have been studies on Greek sexual vocabulary (2) and examinations of the importance of distinctions in the terms for sex labor, (3) but these have focused on technical terminology, not the lived realities that the terminology represents. Few similar studies have been attempted for Latin. (4) Drawing on Roman comedy as a test case, I offer here a survey of various problems of terminology for sex labor (in translation, teaching, and scholarship) and reflect on why such terminology should be considered a problem at all. Translation of, and scholarship on, sex labor in Latin literature is problematic for two reasons: (1) the limited vocabulary of Latin in these plays does not adequately express the myriad historical situations of sex laborers, which must be gleaned from context; and (2) the English terminology frequently used is too fluid and cannot express Roman cultural situations. When translating either for those not fluent in Latin or for scholarship (which is written in their native languages), translators deliberately take foreign words in ancient contexts and then provide these words with modern approximations that are given meaning through contemporaneous understanding of those words. When situations involving sex labor are translated, the realities of the laborers are often obscured: euphemisms prejudice readers, moralizing judgments are perpetuated, and lived realities of sex laborers in antiquity are easily glossed over or dismissed. This phenomenon has occurred, for example, in translations of Roman Comedy with regard to rape, which historically has been bowdlerized into "seduction" in English translations or has been edited out altogether. (5) The majority of Roman comedies feature sex labor. (6) The three most common words for female sex laborer in Roman comedy are arnica, meretrix, and scortum. Meretrix and scortum are most frequent (Adams 1983, 321), while arnica is a euphemistic term. Scholars imply a hierarchy of sex labor, with meretrix referring to a free, high-class sex laborer and scortum referring to an impoverished sex laborer on the streets. (7) Such categorizations do not operate in Roman comedy: there are no impoverished street sex laborers in the plays, yet the word scortum is used frequently for free and unfree women (of high or low class), and meretrix can be applied equally to a brothel slave. (8) Rather, these words have a hierarchy of politeness; scortum is more pejorative, while meretrix is neutral or is used in an affectionate context (Adams 1983, 325). (9) Moralizing authors will use scortum, but rarely meretrix, to make a point of their censure of the profession. (10) The comic adulescentes who patronize sex laborers prefer meretrix to scortum, but more often use, much as the elegists do, euphemistic terms like arnica or blandishments that downplay the mercantile relationship. …


Antimicrobial activities of Rokitamycin (RKM) in the urine were decreased extremely after the samples were stored at -20°C for a long time. Therefore, a reaction of macrolides with urine was studied under the condition of freezing at -20°C. 1. Each of RKM, Midecamycin acetate (MOM), Josamycin (JM) or other macrolides was added to human urine and stored at -20°C. Their antimicrobial activities in human urine were decreased to 12%-45% for 1 week and to 3%-22% for 8 weeks. 2. RKM in human urine was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography after storage at -20°C. It had been found that the amount of RKM was decreased and a new compound, which was more hydrophilic than RKM, was generated according to the decrease of its activity. 3. Each of RKM, MOM, JM or other macrolides was added to a 1.4 % (w/v) aqueous urea solution and stored at -20°C. Their antimicrobial activities in the urea solution were decreased in the same way as in human urine. 4. By the thin-layer chromatography analysis, it had been found that the amount of each macrolides was decreased and new compounds were generated. 5. From the Mass spectra and NMR spectra data, these new compounds were determined as macrolide-18-bis-urea adducts. 6. The bis-urea adducts were substantially hydrolyzed and converted into parent compounds after the heat treatment at 121°C for 15 minutes in the pH 4.5 solution. 7. Antimicrobial activities in the urine samples, which were collected from humans after oral administration of RKM and stored at -20°C for 8 weeks, were also recovered approximately 100% of the initial activities by the heat treatment.


The initial stages of epitaxial growth of Ag on InP(100) have been studied using in situ and ex situ electron microscopy. Vicinal InP substrates were cleaned by heating to about 400 °C in ultrahigh vacuum. Silver was deposited at substrate temperatures between 350 and 500 °C. The microstructural evolution was monitored for coverage between 0.5 and 8 monolayers using in situ high spatial resolution secondary electron microscopy and ex situ plan‐view transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At sub‐monolayer coverage, uniform, faceted islands of Ag are formed with edges aligned along InP 〈110〉 directions. Continued deposition leads to growth of preexisting islands followed by coalescence. During coalescence, a reduction in the island height, an increase in island‐substrate interfacial area, and a disappearance of faceting are observed. At high coverage, during high temperature (450 °C) growth, the formation of faceted pits are observed. For higher temperatures (500 °C) and at low coverage, islands transform f...


Introduction: Trade networks of crude oil are susceptible to cascade of initial shocks that increase systemic trade risks and threaten energy security. This study introduces a novel method of modelling systemic trade risk of crude oil which is combined with a sentiment proxy from a network perspective. Method: We construct sentiment instability to evaluate the uncertainty of crude oil trade in a country and use the PageRank algorithm to measure supplier diversity from a network perspective instead of direct trade partners. Result: At the global level, we show that the distribution of systemic oil trade risk has an obvious heterogeneity and a significant negative correlation between systemic trade risk of crude oil and trade volume volatility. At the regional level, we compare the systemic trade risk of crude oil between China and America and systemic trade risks show strongly significant correlations with the price volatility in both China and America. Furthermore, the structure of trade network can effectively reduce the systemic risk in America while it increases the systemic trade risk in China. Discussion: Our results can give a reason for an irrational practice of Chinese crude oil imports which are "buying when the price is rising and not buying when the price is declining".


This paper details a case study undertaken in 2011 which examined a small group of female students', and their parents', perceptions of the purpose of a university education. The research is underpinned by a review of the literature examining the views held by academics and politicians as to the benefits of higher education and of research in the field of student choices, as related to habitus and their familial experience of higher education. Data collection involved the use of mixed methods to investigate perceptions and expectations about higher education on arrival at university and whether for a small sample of postgraduate respondents, these perceptions had changed over time. The findings showed that initially there is a belief that higher education is primarily a route to economic gain but, three years after graduation, the respondents consider their time spent at the university – primarily – as a period of personal growth and fulfilment.


similar acupuncture techniques, both ofwhich were well recorded in the 《YellowEmperor's Internal Classic》, referring totreatment of disease of one (left or right)side of the body by puncturing points on theopposite (right or left) side. The chapter" On the Official Puncturing" in the book《The Miraculous Pivot》said that Ju--cimeant needling acupoints on the right sidewhen the disease was on the left side of thebody, and vice versa. Therefore, it is a kindof intersection method for selection ofacupoints in treatment of diseases. It was al-so written in the chapter " On ContralateralPuncture" in 《Plain Questions》 that need-


In this article, we contribute to the development of evolutionary optimization of fuzzy reinforcement learning and its application to time-varying tracking control for industrial parallel robotic manipulators. An improved evolutionary social spider optimization (SSO) paradigm with Cauchy mutation is presented to address the optimal fuzzy reinforcement learning problem. The SSO swarm intelligence incorporated with the fuzzy Q-learning strategy, called SSOFQ, is applied to the time-varying tracking control of parallel robotic Stewart manipulators with six degrees of freedom (DOFs). Having the derived kinematics and dynamics of six-DOF Stewart platforms, the SSOFQ is employed to synthesize an intelligent real-time tracking control scheme. More importantly, a custom experimental Stewart platform is constructed using hardware/software codesign and the system-on-a-programmable chip technique. Finally, the simulations, experimental results, and comparative works are provided to validate the efficacy and superiority of the presented SSOFQ control method.


Introduction Control of hypercholesterolaemia is a highly effective way of reducing cardiovascular events in patients at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Repeat cholesterol measurement is good practice in lipid management but is rarely performed in the modern era of statins with clinicians often adopting a 'fire and forget' policy to lipid management. Following NICE approval of proprotein convertase subtisilin/kexin 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), there is a need to identify patients who are eligible for this treatment. A retrospective audit was performed to determine our performance in lipid measurement 3-months following initiation of lipid therapy (CG181) and to determine whether all patients with an indication for a PCSK9i following ACS were being identified (TA393 and 394). Methods We retrospectively evaluated in-hospital ACS patients using Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project (MINAP) registries at two active cardiac centres in West Midlands based at Worcester Acute Hospital Trust (January 2010 - December 2017) and Royal Stoke Hospital (January 2014 - December 2016). Patients with total cholesterol levels ≥7.2mmol/l were selected as sample population. Total cholesterol and LDL levels were recorded during admission and post-discharge. Previous polyvascular disease puts patients at very high risk category with lower LDL threshold required for PCSK9i (>3.5mmol/L instead of >4.0mmol/L). Results We identified 167/7048 (2.4%) patients with a total cholesterol of ≥7.2mmol/L. Of these, eight patients died on admission. Mean age was 62 years (range 27–96 years), median cholesterol of 7.8 mmol/L, and 33 patients (20%) with previous polyvascular diseases. Overall 125 patients had repeat cholesterol level (79%). LDL level was performed in 93 patients (58%) on admission and repeated within 3 months post discharge (CG181) in 20 patients (13%). Overall, 48 patients (30%) had any repeat LDL recorded. Of this group, 10 patients met the NICE TA393 and 394 criteria for PCSK9i; eight from Worcester and two from Stoke. This represents 0.14% of the total cohort. Conclusion Failure to repeat LDL levels in patients following hospital discharge with a diagnosis of ACS, is likely to explain the small number of patients identified as being eligible for PCSK9i. We suspect that underreporting of co-morbid vascular disease within the MINAP database also contributed by preventing the identification of patients at very high risk. It is estimated that primary non-familial hypercholesterolaemia affects 4% adult population in England (NICE TA393 committee papers). Of these, 28 out of 100,000 population may require PCSK9i treatment. We advocate ending the 'fire and forget' policy of lipid-monitoring and re-establishing the practice of routine repeat fasting lipids measurement following discharge from hospital in order to correctly identify all patients who may be eligible for optimal lipid lowering therapy. Conflict of Interest nil


Like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, Peruvian Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (1895–1979) was one of Latin America's key revolutionary leaders, well known across national boundaries. This political biography of Haya chronicles his dramatic odyssey as founder of the highly influential anti-imperialist American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), as a political theorist whose philosophy shifted gradually from Marxism to democracy, and as a seasoned opposition figure repeatedly jailed and exiled by his own government. A genius of political propaganda, he created a transnational party. Haya rejected foreign ideologies and identified the Mexican Revolution as a grassroots movement to be replicated throughout Latin America. While living in hiding, he organized what became Peru's longest lasting political party. The book spotlights Haya's devotion to forging populism as a political style applicable on both the left and the right, and to his vision of a pan-Latin American political movement. A great orator who addressed gatherings of thousands of Peruvians, Haya fired up the Aprismo movement, seeking to develop "Indo-America" by promoting the rights of the middle class, Indigenous peoples as well as laborers and women. Steering his party toward the center of the political spectrum through most of the Cold War, Haya was narrowly elected president in 1962—but he was blocked from assuming office by the military, which played on his rumored homosexuality. Even so, Haya's forging of a uniquely Latin American political ideology makes him an enduring figure with a legacy across Latin America.


The world-wide economic turmoil caused by the financial crisis originated in the USA in the year 2008 has left many small open economies deeply perturbed with recession likely to be prolonged for years, though these low income countries merely got the contagions contrary to the emerging economies including the Republic of Korea which suffered the direct hits of the global macro?effects. While advanced economies are premiers in both takings the pains and bouncing back, the developing ones are confronted with long?run economic challenges to overcome. Bangladesh, an LDC, has not experienced drops in macroeconomic performance during onset of the crisis, but as crises ease in most emerging markets, the economy faces bleak employment growth. Unlike monetary policy aiming at financial system health as crisis response in emerging markets, such small open economy requires more of fiscal measures within and global policy attention immediately to mitigate the consequences of joblessness and secondary impacts of the financial crisis originated in the USA. Specific policy success in the Republic of Korea in thwarting the incidences of the crisis can be replicated in other small?open economies, nevertheless the rich and crisis?recovered nations have a moral obligation to extend the supporting hands to the developing nations, as the domestic financial strengthening alone in respective economies is not sufficient condition for recovery, specially when the economic and financial problems originate outside.


OBJECTIVE Many of the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) occur before weight loss. In this study we investigated the influence of caloric restriction on the improvements in the metabolic responses that occur within the 1st week after RYGB. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN A mixed meal was administered to nine subjects before and after RYGB (average 4 ± 0.5 days) and to nine matched, obese subjects before and after 4 days of the post-RYGB diet. RESULTS Weight loss in both groups was minimal; the RYGB subjects lost 1.4 ± 5.3 kg (P = 0.46) vs. 2.2 ± 1.0 kg (P = 0.004) in the calorically restricted group. Insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) improved with both RYGB (5.0 ± 3.1 to 3.3 ± 2.1; P = 0.03) and caloric restriction (4.8 ± 4.1 to 3.6 ± 4.1; P = 0.004). The insulin response to a mixed meal was blunted in both the RYGB and caloric restriction groups (113 ± 67 to 65 ± 33 and 85 ± 59 to 65 ± 56 nmol · l−1 · min−1, respectively; P < 0.05) without a change in the glucose response. Glucagon-like peptide 1 levels increased (9.2 ± 8.6 to 12.2 ± 5.5 pg · l−1 · min−1; P = 0.04) and peaked higher (45.2 ± 37.3 to 84.8 ± 33.0 pg/ml; P = 0.01) in response to a mixed meal after RYGB, but incretin responses were not altered after caloric restriction. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that an improvement in insulin resistance in the 1st week after RYGB is primarily due to caloric restriction, and the enhanced incretin response after RYGB does not improve postprandial glucose homeostasis during this time.


Chapter 1 General Guidelines for Assessment Chapter 2. Referencing Chapter 3 Report Writing Chapter 4 The Case Study Chapter 5 Essay Writing Chapter 6 Oral Presentations Chapter 7 Examination Techniques Chapter 8 Job Search Communication Glossary List of references Index


AbstractA method for making sediment peels from profiles at prehistoric sites is described. It consists of placing a piece of cheesecloth over a cleaned profile and then applying several coats of white, polyvinyl acetate glue (Elmer's Glue-All). After the glue dries, the peel is removed, mounted on a board and then ready for study or storage. The sediment peel is an effective means of preserving the prehistoric profile and, as important, reveals cryptic stratigraphic features that are important in reconstructing the environment of deposition of the sediment and the environment of prehistoric man.


Abstract : Simulation studies are described which model the performance of a sampled-aperture HF direction-finding (DF) system operating with specified array geometries in the presence of both single reflection (point source) and multiple reflection/scattering (extended source) ionospheric radio propagation typical of observed high-latitude night-time conditions. A multiple direction estimator was used to obtain direction estimates; the deterministic maximum likelihood algorithm was selected for this, following a comparison between it and the MUSIC algorithm. Array pattern errors, based on previous phase and amplitude pattern measurements and numerical modeling, were included in the simulation. The performance is characterized in terms of the ability of the DF system to see a weaker point source in the presence of the extended source. The array apertures in wavelengths (or alternately operating frequencies for a fixed-size array) over which good performance was obtained was limited at the low end by the resolving power of the array, and at the high end, by the narrow array beamwidth and the limited number of directions available to the DF algorithm to describe the situation. pattern errors reduced performance significantly; much more at small array apertures (2.5 wavelengths or less) than at larger apertures (5 wavelengths or more). Of the four 12-element array geometries tested, the star' array, consisting of three arms with its smallest spacings at its extremities, performed best over the widest range of aperture sizes (or alternately, operating frequencies).


Ribonucleic acid (RNA) in some teas of Maojian in Xinyang City was separated and identified with chemical and electrophoresis methods.The concentration of RNA was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results suggest that RNA is present in teas and its amount varies with growing areas in Xinyang City.The amount of RNA in Jiuhuashan tea of Gushi County reaches 1.24%, and is more than that in others.


The daily rate at which a young lamb acquired keds from its mother was studied. Keds applied themselves closely to the skin of the lamb, many on the under, sheltered parts of the body. It is concluded that there was almost completely oneway traffic of keds from the ewe to the lamb. A fall in the rate of transfer of keds to the lamb was attributed to declining frequency of contact between the latter and its mother, associated with transition from a wholly milk diet to one in which pasture became of increasing importance. It was found that during the hours of darkness and some hours of daylight few, if any, keds were acquired by the lamb. Keds tended to accumulate on the lamb in greater numbers during periods of many hours of bright sunshine and little rain than those of few hours of sunshine and much rain. The running totals of keds acquired by the lamb more nearly paralleled the running totals of hours of bright sunshine than other meteorological factors. It is concluded that the connexion was indirect and that sunshine raised the temperature of the fleece of the mother in the regions directly exposed to the rays, causing greater numbers of keds to appear on the surface, so that the lamb was exposed to a risk of heavier infestation. At one stage of the experiment a greater proportion of the males than females transferred from the ewe to the lamb. This is explained in terms of there being a higher proportion of males in the hinder part of the body of the ewe, a region with which the lamb, in feeding, came more frequently into contact. The higher ratio of males to females in the posterior half of the lamb than in the anterior is explained by the more pronounced habit of males than females to migrate through the fleece.


I own shares in a company that recently filed for bankruptcy. Assuming the shares were worthless, I claimed a loss for them on my 2007 tax return. Now I've learned that the company is still doing business and its shares may have some minimal value. What should I do now?


Technology is growing at an unexpectedly fast pace with the unveiling of the family friendly robots that play the role of a personal assistant at home. Man has already started interacting with computers and smartphones. It is anticipated that social robots shall replace these computers and smartphones in the near future. This work is delving into the design of one such social robot, which supports the above proposition. This paper discusses of an interactive personal assistant robot that is developed using the Raspberry Pi computing engine.


The invention discloses a method for producing a microcrystal glass decoration plate material with a granite waste material, relating to the technical field of building and building materials, and aiming at solving the technical problems of low heat efficiency, insufficient control stability, complex operation, large noise, large environment pollution, uneven product components and environment pollution caused by the granite waste material, and the like, during producing the microcrystal glass decoration plate material in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps of: crushing the granite waste material into fine powder; evenly mixing granite fine powder, flousper powder, pure alkali and water according to weight ratio; sending the mixture into a full electric melting furnace and melting into glass liquid; transporting the glass liquid to a rolling device from a materials-shaping channel to be shaped in a rolling way; annealing; coring and crystallizing; cooling to be microlite rough plate; and burnishing and polishing the microlite rough plate to obtain a finished product. The method is suitable for producing the high-quality microcrystal glass decoration plate material with the granite waste material.


The prospects of evaluation of geological section from VSP records as well as from surface seismic records are sufficiently restricted by narrow frequency band.


In this paper, we present an affine scaling interior algorithm for solving bound-constrained semi-smooth equations. In this algorithm, we develop Inexact Newton Method that is combined with a line search technique. The affine technique and step back-tracking along inexact Newton steps are used. If iteration direction doesn't satisfy rules expected, the method allows switch to new step in which both line search and interior point backtracking techniques decrease function values. The paper presents a full proof of the method with both global and local super-linear convergences.


A method for the quantitative determination ofα-naphthylpinacolone of S RN 1reaction product of naphˉthalene halide with carbon anion of pinacolone in the presence of Co(Ⅱ)complexcatalyzer was established by thin- layer chromatographic densitometry.The reaction products were separated on silica gel plate GF 254 with a mixed developing agent of petroleum ether-1,2-dichloroethane(7∶3by volume),and scanned by TLC scanner.A linear range of0~4.4μg and recoveries of99%~101%were obtained.The inter-plate RSD and intra-plate RSD were2.3%and1.6%,respectively.


Solar electric propulsion (SEP) is being used for a variety of planetary missions sponsored by ESA, JAXA, and NASA and nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) is being considered for future, flagship-class interplanetary missions. Radioisotope electric propulsion (REP) has recently been shown to effectively complement SEP and NEP for missions to high-AU targets with modest payload requirements. This paper investigates the application of an advanced REP for a sample return from the comet Tempel 1. A set of mission and system parameters are varied with the goal of quantifying their impact on total mission payload. Mission parameters considered include trip-time and Earth return entry interface speed of the sample return system. System parameters considered include launch vehicle, power level of spacecraft at beginning of mission, and thruster specific impulse. For the baseline case of Atlas 401 and REP power level of 750 W, the mission time was 12 years, the payload was 144 kg, and the missions optimized to a single specific impulse generally within Hall ion thruster range. Other cases were investigated in support of graduate studies, and include the larger Atlas 551 launch vehicle and extended power level to 1 kW. The Atlas 551 cases tended to optimize dual specific impulses generally in the Hall ion thruster range for both legs of the mission. A power level of at least 1-kW and trip-time of approximately 11 years was required to obtain a total science payload close to 320 kg for the Atlas 401 launch vehicle. An Atlas 551 launch vehicle yielded a science payload of approximately 540 kg for the case of 1-kW of power and an 11-year trip time, and nearly 250 kg of science payload for the case of 1-kW of power and a 6-year trip time. Results are also reported indicating the performance ramifications of meeting a reduced Earth entry interface velocity constraint.


In January 1941, at the ninth annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in New Orleans, a report was made describing the results obtained in the treatment of infections of bone by the systemic administration and the local implantation of sulfathiazole. Since the general principles on which this method was based were thoroughly covered in this preliminary report, this discussion is limited to the presentation of additional data on the use of sulfathiazole in the treatment of infections in bones and soft tissues, which data have accumulated since that time. The plan of treatment for osteomyelitis advised in the preliminary report was as follows: first, systemic administration of sulfathiazole in sufficient dosage to secure a blood concentration of approximately 5 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters several days before operation, thorough debridement of the infected area, implantation of sulfathiazole crystals into the wound, primary closure and application of a


Selecting 2000 seismic data(h≤80km) from Mudanjiang Seismic stations records and the magnitude of《Preliminary Seismological Report of Chinese Seismic Stations》regarded as standard magnitude,we calculate the magnitude deviation of Mb?MB?Ms?Ms7 and their correction coefficient in Mudanjiang seismic stationKey worksCorrect coefficient;Magnitude deviation


The invention relates to a production method of a high water absorbent polyester fibre. The production method comprises the following steps: conventional polyester slices and high water absorbent polyester master batch with the weight proportion of 100:5-10 are respectively crystallized, dried, and then are respectively measured with an electronic load cell scales; after being measured, the conventional polyester slices and the high water absorbent polyester master batch are put into a blending device with the function of stirring for blending, pressured by a screw extruder, melt, homogenized and measured; after being put into a manifold, the homogenized and measured fuss mass is spout by a spinneret plate with a hollow spinneret orifice, and then undergoes the processes of winding, drafting texturing and drafting winding, then POY, DTY and FDY are respectively prepared; or short fibers are prepared by a post processing associative mechanism which comprises beaming, drafting, curling, forming, cutting and the like. The retention rate of the fibers prepared by the invention is larger or equal to 15 %; the fibers have good chromaticity; the degree of dyeing reaches more than 90%; color fastness is 4-5 levels; clothes and textiles prepared by the fibers have the advantages of good air permeability, moisture absorption, perspiration, being comfortable and easy to wear, softness and fluffiness, heat insulation and conservation, and low cost.


32 Since several studies have been reporting an increase in the decline of forests, a major issue 33 in ecology is to better understand and predict tree mortality. The interactions between the different 34 factors and the physiological processes giving rise tree mortality, as well as the individual variability 35 in mortality risk, still need to be better assessed. 36 This study investigates mortality in a rear-edge population of European beech (Fagus sylvatica 37 L.) using a combination of statistical and process-based modelling approaches. Based on a survey of 38 4323 adult beeches since 2002 within a natural reserve, we first used statistical models to quantify 39 the effects of competition, tree growth, size, defoliation and fungi presence on mortality. Secondly, 40 we used an ecophysiological process-based model (PBM) to separate out the different mechanisms 41 giving rise to temporal and inter-individual variations in mortality by simulating depletion of carbon 42 stocks, loss of hydraulic conductance and damage due to late frosts in response to climate. 43 The combination of all these simulated processes was associated with the temporal variations 44 in the population mortality rate. The individual probability of mortality decreased with increasing 45 mean growth, and increased with increasing crown defoliation, earliness of budburst, fungi 46 presence and increasing competition, in the statistical model. Moreover, the interaction between 47 tree size and defoliation was significant, indicating a stronger increase in mortality associated to 48 defoliation in smaller than larger trees. Finally, the PBM predicted a higher conductance loss 49 together with a higher level of carbon reserves for trees with earlier budburst, while the ability to 50 defoliate the crown was found to limit the impact of hydraulic stress at the expense of the 51 accumulation of carbon reserves. 52 We discuss the convergences and divergences obtained between statistical and process-based 53 approaches and we highlight the importance of combining them to characterize the different 54 processes underlying mortality, and the factors modulating individual vulnerability to mortality. 55


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare sources of money as well as responses to television commercials and pop up advertisements on the internet among young "tween" consumers in Denmark and Hong Kong. Findings are compared with existing preconceptions of the tween segment in the marketing literature.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted in six primary schools in Denmark and Hong Kong, with 434 respondents from fourth, fifth and sixth grades.Findings – The paper finds that the Danish tweens received higher monthly incomes from all sources than Hong Kong tweens. Danish tweens were more likely to spend money on CDs, computer games, clothing, sports equipment, and cosmetics/jewelry than Hong Kong tweens. Hong Kong tweens were more likely to spend money on books than Danish tweens. The results showed complex differences in the perception and reactions to advertising. The results seem to support that tween consumption and responses to advertising are motivated differently in cultures o...


Martin Doornbos (b. 1934), PhD Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, 1973, is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands and Visiting Professor of Development Studies, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda. He serves on the board of a number of journals and is an honorary Fellow of the CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development in The Netherlands. His most recent publication is Global Forces and State Restructuring: Dynamics of State Formation and Collapse, Palgrave/Macmillan, London, 2006.


[Objective]To find out the sanitary condition in the shops and supermarkets in Shouguang,and to explore new methods for hygienic supervision and management.[Methods]Eight indexes include the air microclimate(temperature,humidity,wend speed),carbon dioxide(CO2),carbon monoxide(CO),formaldehyde(HCHO),inbreathe particulate matter(IP),the total number of bacteria in the air(BT) have been measured in 20 stores and 20 diversified supermarkets in the city.[Results]Aeration facilities in the tested stores are all complete.All the test results of the stores conform to the national standards.CO2,CO,HCHO,IP,the BT density in the fast-food area,the agricultural trade area and the sales area do not have statistics significance(P0.05),the air microclimate,the density of each pollutant before daily business and CO2,CO,HCHO in different period of time in a day conform to the national standard.But the densities of IP and BT are all over the national standard.The differences of the densities of CO2,CO,HCHO between morning and afternoon have statistics significance(P0.05).The atmosphere qualities including IP,BT,CO2 in both stores and supermarkets have statistics significance(P0.05),while the densities of CO,HCHO do not have statistics significance(P0.05).[Conclusion]The atmosphere quality in stores is better,while some of the pollutant levels are higher than the national standard in supermarkets during the business time.


The objective of this work is to carry out an approach to the functionality of a certain type of enclosure present in Campo del Pucara (Depto Andalga, Catam...


Demands in energy have been increasing tremendously in the state of Kerala in India, associated with rise in population, changing climate, rapid urbanization, industrialisation a nd the changing life styles. This heavy rainfall region that depends on cheap hydroelectric power for most of its energy needs has not yet fully utilised the water potential. Shortage of power leads to conflicts over allocation and timing of supply. There are limitation for large projects due to geological and geographical factors and also uncertainties in climate. There are options for maximum utilisation of available sources including conversion of existing dams multipurpose, modernisation of machinery, and construction of more mini hydel power plants. This will also solve issues related to water shortage that is the result of inadequate conservation and management practices. The State lacks an appropriate policy for energy and water. This paper analyses the various issues associated with power and water crisis and explores the possibilities of sustainable exploitation of hydel power in Kerala.


In National education reform and development of long-term planning programs,a general plan on high education reform and development for the coming ten years has been clearly stated.A thorough and clear interpretation has also been made on college functions,with improving educational quality as the essence of educational development and the basic requirement for making our mother land into a country with highly developed education.Confronted with the new situation and new tasks,what the Principal's Office in a comprehensive university should do is to adjust to the new circumstances,and fully develop its functions as an assistant adviser,a supervisor and a general coordinator.Taking these factors into consideration,the authors of this thesis,therefore,analyze and reflect these three aspects as conversion of concepts,fulfillment of functions and innovations in daily work.,thereby,finding out a new way for the Principal's Office to finish its task well.


In this issue of JNN, Siegler and colleagues report their findings of a prospective, mixed-methods pilot study of a Scheduled Provider Alert-Response Communication System (SPARCS) between nurses and residents at a tertiary care center. This article is an excellent example of development and testing of an effective communication strategy to reduce nurse-resident frustration and improve quality of care.


Idesia polycarpa is a tropical mountain-positive fast-growing species,with strong adaptability,drought-resistance,barrenness-resistance,wide scope of living.Idesia polycarpa is of great value in terms of woody eatable oil,economic value,bio-energy,ecological,etc..Meanwhile,the countermeasure has been proposed in view of the problems in the present exploitage of idesia polycarpa.


We consider continuous-time models with a large panel of moment conditions, where the structural parameter depends on a set of characteristics, whose effects are of interest. The leading example is the linear factor model in financial economics where factor betas depend on observed characteristics such as firm specific instruments and macroeconomic variables, and their effects pick up long-run time-varying beta fluctuations. We specify the factor betas as the sum of characteristic effects and an orthogonal idiosyncratic parameter that captures high-frequency movements. It is often the case that researchers do not know whether or not the latter exists, or its strengths, and thus the inference about the characteristic effects should be valid uniformly over a broad class of data generating processes for idiosyncratic parameters. We construct our estimation and inference in a two-step continuous-time GMM framework. It is found that the limiting distribution of the estimated characteristic effects has a discontinuity when the variance of the idiosyncratic parameter is near the boundary (zero), which makes the usual "plug-in" method using the estimated asymptotic variance only valid pointwise and may produce either over- or under- coveraging probabilities. We show that the uniformity can be achieved by cross-sectional bootstrap. Our procedure allows both known and estimated factors, and also features a bias correction for the effect of estimating unknown factors.


Abstract: Introduction: The Impostor Syndrome (IS) is characterized as inability to internalize success and tendency to attribute success to external causes such as luck, error or ignorance of other people. Despite the recent increase in the number of IS publications, studies on this condition in undergraduate medical students and the impact on mental health are scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IS and its association with Burnout Syndrome (BS) and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out with undergraduate medical students at a university center in Northeast Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used. Results: Of the 425 students assessed, 47 (11.06%), 151 (35.53%), 163 (38.35%) and 64 (15.06%) had mild, moderate, severe and very severe IS symptoms, respectively. Not being married, having a low level of physical activity and not contributing to family income were associated with severe or very severe IS symptoms (p < .001, p = .032 and p = .025, respectively). Previous medical diagnosis of depression, anxiety and use of antidepressants are also associated with severe or very severe IS symptoms (p = .019, p = .006 and p = .011, respectively). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the CIPS and PHQ-9 scale scores (p = .459, p < .001), and an association between BS (Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism dimensions) and IS (p < .001). Conclusion: This study identified an association between IS and BS and depression among undergraduate medical students. Further studies with interventions against IS may show a positive impact on mental health.


On the euclidean plane one-parametric motion is in general a roulett motion, exceptions being a translation at each instant and a rotation with a fixed center; here we mean by a roulett motion a motion in which a certain curve rolls on another fixed curve without slipping. In this paper we extend this fact to the case of Klein spaces and investigate in detail especially the cases of the euclidean space and the projective space.


Overvoltage control in high capacity HVDC transmission is such a problem, to which attentions are widely paid. Due to the concentrated compensation with large-amount of reactive power, the voltage of the converter station will sharply rise in a short-term after the DC disturbance or DC block, so that it is necessary to carry out the preventive control to avoid the destruction of equipment insulations or the occurrence of secondary fault caused by overvoltage. When post-DC block abnormal overvoltages occur in actual HVDC transmission systems under atypical operating conditions, the voltage rising exceeds that in conventional operating conditions and it brings the risk to the power grid security. The detailed analysis on the mechanism leading to abnormal overvoltage is performed and the effectiveness of the mechanism analysis is validated by simulation. On this basis the atypical operating conditions, in which the risk due to abnormal overvoltage exists, are summarized to provide for reference to the design of over-voltage and insulation coordination and to the operation and control of AC/DC hybrid power grid as well.


The invention discloses a method of displaying information of a recommended website in an address bar of a browser and a browser using the method of displaying the information of the recommended website in the address bar of the browser. The method of displaying information of the recommended website in the address bar of the browser comprises steps as below: obtaining key information which a logged user of the browser inputs into the address bar; sending user information of the logged user of the browser and/or the inputted key information to the side of a network website server; receiving a network recommending website list based on the user information and/or the inputted keyword information returned by the network website address side, and displaying the recommended website information of the network recommending list in a pull-down list of the address bar.


ABSTRACT The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was created to address sexual violence occurring in corrections. To date, there has been a dearth of PREA studies that include the perceptions of correctional officers and inmates. The current study utilizes a thematic analysis to assess qualitative responses from 66 correctional officers and 407 inmates in three medium-security men's state prisons. Key themes that focus on the strengths associated with the implementation of PREA include overall climate improvement, increased awareness, and victim support/protection. Key themes that focused on the weaknesses associated with the implementation of PREA included staffing crisis, reporting issues, PREA not taken seriously, and PREA not essential. The implications of these themes are discussed with reference to policy implications.


Abstract The coalition agreement of the current German government coalition envisages 400,000 newly built dwellings per year. For the time being, this target will be missed by a wide margin, despite the (re)establishment of the Ministry of Construction. In the meantime, the tide in the construction sector seems to be turning: The previously observed overcapacity is no longer the most pressing problem, but rather the turnaround in interest rates and rising costs are causing a noticeable slowdown. Basically, the question remains unanswered as to whether the efforts made so far to provide housing at affordable prices for all are sufficient or whether further measures are necessary.


A republican government not only claims the submission to the Law by the Administration, but also imposes it the duty of enacting the Law for the citizens. This statement requires a new perspective in the administrative public prerogatives political and legal basis, considering its current crisis, the citizens reactions in the matter, and the proposals to reestablish its value.


. The article provides information on industrial waste generation at enterprises of the Samara region, suitable for use as raw materials components of such heat-resistant composites as solutions, concretes, gun mixes, coatings. The research indicates rational ways of some heat-resistant binders application for utilization of mineral high-melting and heat-resistant industrial wastes. It proves that the enrichment of certain types of industrial waste, i.e. bringing the chemical composition of their components to the required state, allowed to expand the raw material base for the synthesis of heat-resistant binders and concrete in general. The use of sludge waste in the processes of synthesizing liquid phosphate binders allowed to obtain such effective binders as aluminophosphates and aluminocalciumphosphates. The research proves that application of technogenic wastes of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises allows to receive heat-resistant materials solutions, concretes, coatings, gun mixes which characteristics are similar to their industrial analogues.


The characteristics of the thrust for ship propulsion equipment directly driven by air compressed by pressure fluctuation in a blower piping system are investigated. The exhaust valve is positioned upon the air ejection hole in the discharge pipe in order to induce the large-scale pressure fluctuation, and the effects of the valve on the pressure in the pipes and the thrust for the propulsive nozzle are examined. The pressure in the pipes decreases immediately after the valve is opened, and it increases just before the valve is closed. The thrust for the propulsive nozzle monotonically increases with increasing number of revolutions and depth. The interfacial wave in the nozzle appears in the frequency of approximately 4Hz, and it is important for the increase of the thrust to synchronize the opening-closing cycle for the exhaust valve with the generation frequency of the interfacial wave. The finite difference lattice Boltzmann method is helpful to investigate the characteristics of the flow in the nozzle.


An ion image sensor is an important tool to chemically and dynamically observe the two-dimensional information of a living body. However, its spatial resolution is limited because it does not have any element that prevents the diffusion of target ion like a focusing lens used in optical image sensors. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance spatial resolution of the ion image sensor for the first time. We introduce a barrel array to suppress the lateral diffusion of target ion on the surface of ion image sensor. This micro barrel array with high aspect ratio was fabricated on the ion image sensor using SU-8. By measuring the hippocampal slice for 10 min, H+ diffusion was suppressed as compared to the ion image sensor without diffusion suppressor. The ion image sensor has lately become popular in the microscopic analysis of biological tissue in high resolution owing to the proposed diffusion suppressor.


The Federal Commission for Vaccination recommended that every girl between 11 and 14 should be vaccinated against the Human Papilloma Virus and during the transition period also girls aged 15 to 19 should be included. Since the Federal Government has not yet decided whether to reimburse the vaccination, which costs around 700 CHF at present, until now only two cantons (Geneva and Valais) have decided to offer the vaccine free to all 7th grade girls as from now, limited to one year.


Background Asthma is one of the most common medical illnesses occurring in pregnancy and its incidence amongst the obstetric population is increasing. Previous studies have suggested that asthma is not a benign illness in pregnancy, and can contribute towards increased rates of pregnancy complications. Methods We undertook a retrospective audit of 6458 deliveries during 2008 at The Royal Women's Hospital to determine the perinatal outcomes for women with a self-reported diagnosis of asthma. Results We found that 501 (7.8%) deliveries were to women who identified themselves as asthmatics. Of these, 15.6% reported exacerbations of their asthma symptoms during pregnancy, with the remainder reporting improvement or stabilization. There was an increased rate of preterm birth (12.9%) in the asthmatic population, compared to the non-asthmatic population (OR = 1.48, CI [1.12–1.95], P = 0.005). Asthma remained significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth after adjusting for maternal smoking status using logistic regression analysis (Adjusted OR 1.41, CI [1.07–1.86], P = 0.01). Women were also at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia (OR 1.71, CI [1.09–2.67], P = 0.02) but not fetal growth restriction. Women identifying themselves as asthmatics were also more likely to deliver by caesarean section (OR 1.32, CI [1.09–1.6], P = 0.003). Conclusion These findings suggest that maternal asthma may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia and caesarean delivery.


Objective To improve the diagnostic accuracy of ectopic pregnancy,we explore characteristic based on the combination of transvaginal transabdominal color doppler ultrasound and serum human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Methods 64 cases of patients who were suspected for early ectopic pregnancy were given HCG determination,transvaginal and transabdominal two-dimensional color doppler ultrasound examination,to determin endometrial thickness and blood flow distribution,and measure nutrient artery blood flow spectrum.Results Through transvaginal and Transabdominal examination,attachment district mass were found in 64 cases and 47 cases were diagnosed for ectopic pregnancy,in which 44 cases were confirmed after surgery.3 cases were misdiagnosed(6.38%),diagnosis rate was 93.62%,49 cases were diagnosed for ectopic pregnancy,1 case misdiagnosed(2.08%),the diagnostic rate was 97.92%.Conclusion Transvaginal and transabdominal color doppler ultrasound could accurately and quickly diagnose in ectopic pregnancy(EP),but combined with serum HCG,the biochemical diagnosis is a better means of early diagnosis of EP.


Two-micron lasers are of great interest for a range of applications, from spectroscopy to polymer machining and laser surgery, as well as being an important stepping stone for wavelength generation further into the mid infra-red band. Tm-doped silica fibre lasers are especially attractive as they are capable of operating at wavelengths from below 1700nm to more than 2100nm, and can be pumped by commercially available high power laser diodes operating around ~793nm. Moreover, by optimising the dopant concentration within the Tm fibre core a beneficial two-for-one cross-relaxation process can be exploited allowing efficiencies far-above the quantum limit for 793nm pumped Tm fibre lasers [1]. Indeed, efforts to optimise the core composition to enhance this process have been the subject of many studies, but as yet the best slope efficiencies reported for high power cladding-pumped Tm doped silica fibre lasers remain well below the theoretical maximum (~80%).


A new approach combining geochemical and mineralogical studies with statistical methods in the Babyak Mo-Ag-Au-W-Bi-base metal deposit is presented. The data are used for 3D geological modelling of the deposit and help to better understand the zonation of the elements and the complex geological evolution of the deposit.


This work provides a survey study of several outlier analysis techniques and compares their effectiveness in the context of delay testing. Three different approaches are studied, an Euclidean-distance based algorithm, random forest, and one-class support vector machine (SVM), from which more advanced methods are derived and analyzed. We conclude that one-class SVM using a polynomial kernel is most effective for detecting delay defects, while keeping overkills minimized. The best models were successfully validated and a feasible approach to delay testing using one-class SVM is proposed.


To evaluate the mutagenic effect of a mutagen, assessment of mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency is of foremost priority, which is index for the appropriate choice. In view to it, present investigation highlighted the effectiveness and efficiency of γ-ray and EMS (the two most used mutagens) on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., family: Umbelliferae), an important seed spice having profuse medicinal values. Duncan's test was performed to select the superior dose(s)/concentration(s) of the two-mutagen based on 8 yield and yield related (plant height, number of primary branches/plant, total branches/plant, number of compound umbels/plant, number of umbels/plant, number of umbellets of first inflorescence, seed weight and harvest index) traits. Results indicated that lower doses /concentrations of mutagens were most promising, which was in conformity with many earlier reports.


The thermal diffusivities of mould flux having the glassy and crystalline states were measured as a function of temperature by the laser flash method to obtain the relationship between the thermal ...


Endophytic fungi reside inter or intracellularly in plant parts for at least a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous fungi. All plants in the natural environment can shelter endophytic fungi, including algae, mosses, ferns, conifers and angiosperms. Endophytic fungi are an important source of bioactive molecules. These bioactive metabolites have a broad range of biological activities and could be the starting materials for pharmaceuticals or lead structures for the development of pharmaceutical or agrochemical products. Indeed, these bioactive molecules represent a chemical reservoir for discovering new compounds, such as antibiotic, antioxidant, immunomodulating, anticancer and antiparasitic compounds, for use in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.


The functional assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) has been barely examined so far, and the best strategy to physiologically investigate the relevance of coronary stenosis in this specific setting of patients remains undetermined. The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic performance of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients with severe AS.

 The functional significance of 416 coronary lesions was investigated with iFR, FFR and QFR measurements in 221 AS patients. The iFR-FFR and QFR-FFR diagnostic agreement has been tested using the conventional 0.80 FFR cut-off.

 Mean value of FFR was 0.85±0.07; iFR – 0.90±0.04; QFR – 0.84±0.07. The correlation between iFR and FFR was good (r=0.83, p<0.001) and QFR and FFR was goot too (r=0.77, p<0.001), as well as the area under the curve at ROC curve analysis 0,995 (0,983 to 0,999, p<0.001) for iFR and 0,988 (0,972 to 0,996, p<0.001) for QFR. However, using the standard iFR 0.89 and QFR 0.8 threshold, the diagnostic accuracy of iFR was 100% sensitivity and 90.26% specificity and for QFR – 100% and 92.21%, respectively. According to ROC analysis, the best iFR cut-off in predicting FFR ≤0.8 was 0.88 (J=0.94), the best QFR cut-off value was 0.80 (J=0.92).

 In the presence of severe AS, iFR and QFR had good agreement with FFR values for assessment of borderline coronary lesions. However, iFR threshold for predicting FFR below 0.8 may be different from a standard value of 0.89.

 Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Science Centre


The invention relates to a method for increasing the stiffness of the planar components, wherein the components are provided with stiffening partial structures, a planar component and the use of such areal components. DOLLAR A It is contemplated that the reinforcing structures at least one additional coating structure (16) on at least one of the components (10) of the large surfaces (12) are obtained by additive joining.


doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw297 Advance Access Publication Date: 30 December 2016 Low sodium intake and cardiovascular health: an unanswered question. Response to: Letter from Dr N. Campbell, 'Dissidents and dietary sodium. Concerns about the commentary by O'Donnell et al.' From Martin O'Donnell,* Andrew Mente and Salim Yusuf HRB-Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada


Almost on a daily basis new accounting rules and laws are put into use, creating information that must be known and learned by the accounting faculty and then introduced to and understood by the accounting student. Even with the 150 hours of education now required for CPA licensure, it is impossible to teach and learn all there is to learn. Over the years, changes have been recommended and some adopted into the accounting curriculum; however, the crisis of information overload continues in accounting education.


The present invention discloses a user perception quality evaluation method based on a confidence interval in a crowd-sourcing perception network to solve the problem uncertainty of perception quality by more accurately evaluating the perception quality of a user by using a confidence interval. The method comprises: firstly, acquiring a maximum likelihood estimation value for perceiving existence of noise and pollution sources by using a maximum expectation based iterative estimation algorithm; and then, based on the previous estimation value, calculating a confidence interval of user perception quality by using asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimation and Fisher information. By using an expectation-maximization algorithm, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimation, and the Fisher information in mathematical statistics, the present invention provides a method capable of accurately calculating the confidence interval of the user perception quality. According to the provided method, the problem of the uncertainties of the user perception quality and the pollution sources is successfully solved at the same time, a certain estimation is provided for the uncertain user perception quality, i.e. the confidence interval of the user perception quality.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of "product‐service" (P‐S) strategies in the aerospace sector. Despite the widespread perception that aerospace organisations are advanced in terms of P‐S integration, little is known about the realities of P‐S provision in the sector. Much of the existing literature is normative and prescriptive, focusing upon what organisations aspire to do, but offers little insights into how attempts to integrate products and services occur or the challenges organisations encounter.Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an in‐depth case study of an international aerospace original equipment manufacturer, referred to as "JetCo". A total of 18 interviews were conducted with key actors involved in the operationalisation of P‐S strategy within defence aerospace and civil aerospace divisions. In addition, analysis of internal company documentation was also undertaken.Findings – This paper reveals that current P‐S strategy, which builds upon a long h...


The type Ia supernovae observational data are used to estimate the parameters of a cosmological model with cold dark matter and the Chaplygin gas. This exotic gas, which is characterized by a negative pressure varying with the inverse of density, represents in this model the dark energy responsible for the acceleration of the Universe. The Chaplygin gas model depends essentially on four parameters: the Hubble constant, the velocity of the sound of the Chaplygin gas, the curvature of the Universe and the fraction density of the Chaplygin gas and the cold dark matter. The Bayesian parameter estimation yields and . These and other results indicate that a Universe completely dominated by the Chaplygin gas is favoured, what reinforces the idea that the Chaplygin gas may unify the description for dark matter and dark energy, at least as the type Ia supernovae data are concerned. A closed and accelerating Universe is also favoured. The Bayesian statistics indicates that the Chaplygin gas model is more likely than the standard cosmological constant (ΛCDM) model at 55.3% confidence level when an integration on all free parameters is performed. Assuming the spatially flat curvature, this percentage mounts to 65.3%. On the other hand, if the density of dark matter is fixed at zero value, the Chaplygin gas model becomes more preferred than the ΛCDM model at 91.8% confidence level. Finally, the hypothesis of flat Universe and baryonic matter (Ωb0=0.04) implies a Chaplygin gas model preferred over the ΛCDM at a confidence level of 99.4%.


As a standard to recognize the commonness and uniqueness among East Asian housing culture, this paper compares the sense of boundary between inside and outside space among traditional residence in Korea, China, and Japan. The purpose of this paper is to extract the spatial characteristics supporting its own vernacular system and to analyze the tendency how to perceive the space and the boundary in a different way. As a case study, the following housing types are selected and analyzed; Houses of 'Sadaebuga(士大夫家)' in Joseon dynasty of Korea, 'Shoin-style House(書院造)' in the period of Edo in Japan and 'Siheyuan(四合院)' in the Chiang period of China. To deal with the issue of inside and outside space, semi-void space which has the intermediate functions is critical in terms of defining the boundary of spatial compositions. Each representative precedent in three countries has particular semi-void space in the diverse of shape and size. Semi-void space provides the clue to trace the way how to people perceive the sense of boundary in the middle of solid and void groups. The sizes, the positions and the functions of the semi-void space integrate overall spatial atmosphere according to the genetic prototypes that each case has developed. Each three housing type shows various degree of visual privacy and enclosure, overlapping view and interlocking spatial experience. Unspecified or blurred boundary severed to generate various visual connections determines the perceives size, and the number of overlapped layer in space. Accordingly, this study precedently review the meaning of inside and outside in the east Asia residence and analyze space attribute in the idea of boundary crossed in the residence of three counties. These analysis is focused on extracting inherent pattern at boundary crossed and duplicated in the residence, where inside space and outside space have different layout and different size in the example.


This article examines whether the literature promised value effect exists and the changing nature of value premium at the industry level. It also determines the value premium's strength by controlling the January effect within and across the regulated industry groups. This is done by utilizing the two most prominent pricing models: Fama–French three- and five-factor, considering all listed firms trading at BSE India between 1999 and 2020. The results show that a significant value effect exists in 15 of the 17 regulated industry groups over 21.5 years, while sub-period analysis revealed variation in the value effect at industry-based portfolio returns. We developed quintile and multivariate portfolios within and across the industries. Results show that the industry-specific value premium has been relatively low in the current decade due to decreasing industry portfolio returns and increasing P/B ratios within industry groups. The study also used the GRS test to explore the explanatory power of models. Results indicated that the explanatory power of models has declined in post-crisis periods. While controlling the January effect, the value premium has slightly diminished within and across the industry groups in the recent decade. We also observed that investors who seek to allocate assets within and across industries are likely to have potentially predictable and pretty stable returns. While other countries have found industry-specific value premiums, no such study has been conducted in India. As a first attempt, these findings are relevant for investors and academia.


Background: Haematological malignancy and its treatment produce multiple symptoms that significantly distress patients and impair function. Symptoms caused by treatment may delay treatment or lead to premature treatment termination and residual treatment-related symptoms often complicate post treatment rehabilitation. When treatment is no longer possible, symptom control becomes the focus of cancer care.
Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the symptom burden of the haematological malignancy patients.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016 among the haematological malignancy patients. A total of 316 haematological malignancy adult (age ≥18 years) patients were purposively selected from haematology department of two tertiary level of hospitals in Dhaka city. Face to face interviews were taken from the diagnosed haematological malignancy patients admitted in the hospital and attending outdoor using questionnaire based on symptom distress scale (SDS).
Results: Mean age was 39 years and most of the patients suffering from Acute Leukemia 162(51.3%). Mean monthly family income was around 22235 taka and 120(37.9%) patients were unemployed. Patients with haematological malignancy had a considerable physical and psychological symptom burden which ranged from 94.3% for fatigue to 8.5% for difficulty in concentration. Physical symptoms such as fatigue 127 (40.2%), change in appetite 86 (27.2%), pain1 81 (25.6%), insomnia44 (13.9%) caused severedistress and psychological symptoms include change in appearance 37 (11.7%) and outlook 33 (10.4%) were sever distressing. Significant association (p<0.001) was to be found between occupation and symptom distress where 82 (68.4%) unemployed and 51 (66.3%) housewife had moderate/sever symptom distress. Respondents who managed their treatment expenditure by loan and asset sell 11 (84.6%) had significant(p=0.004) moderate/sever distress. Patients having less than one month of diagnosis 47(72.3%) and admitted in inpatient 114 (66.6%) had significant higher moderate/sever symptom distress(p=0.03) and (p<0.001) respectively.
Conclusion: Patients with haematological malignancy were likely to have multiple symptoms and comprehensive symptom assessment was suggested throughout. The introduction of supportiveor palliative care services during times of increased symptom burden may assist haematologists and other careers in the management of their patient's distress and quality of life.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 196-203


The article examines the thesis supported by Sartre, in the last part of the L'intelligibilite de l'Histoire (Critique de la Raison Dialectique,Vol. II) , concerning the relationship between organic life, praxis and inorganic. Within these themes we have identified some points which in the incomplete Sartre text remain aporetic.  Finally  a solution to the aporia is proposed, through a particular interpretation of the living kinesis, of work as a sign-instrumental praxis, and of human becoming as a trans-storic project.


AbstractA probabilistic version of the Idriss and Boulanger standard penetration test (SPT)–based liquefaction triggering correlation is derived using a maximum likelihood approach and an updated case history database. Measurement and estimation uncertainties in the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and SPT (N1)60cs values and the effects of the choice-based sampling bias in the case history database are taken into account. The results of sensitivity analyses show that the position of the most likely triggering curve is well constrained by the case history data and that the magnitude of the total error term is also reasonably constrained. The most likely value for the SD of the error term in the triggering correlation is, however, found to be dependent on the uncertainties assigned to the CSR and (N1)60cs. The results of the sensitivity study appear to provide reasonable bounds on the effects of different interpretations on the positions of the triggering curves for various probabilities of liquefaction. Methods ...


1. A highly purified sporopollenin fraction from Corylus avellana pollen was obtained using a gentle method employing hydrolyzing enzymes (pronase, lipase, cellulase, amylase, cellulysin) and an exhaustive extraction using different solvents. 2. The sporopollenin fractions were degraded by potash-fusion and nitrobenzene oxidation and the low molecular decomposition products were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. The investigation centered solely on the proof of phenolic compounds. 3. The degradation by potash-fusion yielded p-hydroxybenzoic acid as a main component, while the degradation by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO) resulted in the formation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the main component. In addition phenolic components such as p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillin and vanillic acid were formed to different degrees by using NBO as degradation procedure. 4. A comparison of the products formed following degradation of Corylus sporopollenin and "synthetic sporopollenin" shows, that phenolic compounds, if they indeed occurred as degradation products of "synthetic sporopollenin", are generated only in extremely small quantities. It appears that, in contrast to several reports in the literature, phenols are integral constituents of natural sporopollenin. This view is supported by unpublished tracer experiments.


A reduction in the motility of the spermatozoa in stallion semen stored in pellet form for 23 years in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C could not be seen after thawing. The insemination of a mare with this semen resulted in a normal pregnancy. A normally developed, healthy male foal was born after a gestational period of 321 days.


. Currently, the modern system of training future practice-oriented specialists is not similar to the University-enterprise system, as it was earlier in the Soviet period – this is due to the lack of hours for practice, for communication with production workers. However, thanks to the development and wide-spread use of a high-tech video visualization system, especially with the use of podcasting technology, it is possible to improve the quality of students ' education in a technical University, compensating for the ex-isting short-term practices. This article reveals the theoretical basis for the use of podcasts in the format of video reports on the work done with laboratory equipment in the classroom that affect higher-quality and long-term memory types according to P. P. Blonsky. The article analyzes the domestic and foreign experience of using podcasting technology in the educational process of the University. The main principles of preparing and creating educational podcasts at the University are highlighted: planning, brevity and dy-namism, and information content. In accordance with these principles, requirements were formulated for video reports of students on laboratory work performed in the course of training in the discipline " Metrol-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ogy and radio measurements " . The article describes the experience of using this pedagogical approach with illustrative examples – a link to a group in a social network and educational videos. Approbation of the obtained results showed an increase in the quality of memorization of educational material by students, un-derstanding and applying it in practice. The obtained video materials were further used with junior students as visual examples for working with laboratory equipment. In the future, the use of podcasts in the educational process of a technical University will include video visualization of reports in the format of podcasts on the project work of students together with teachers or representatives of the production sector.


OBJECTIVE
This study used an adoption study design to separate genetic from environmental factors in the etiology of depression spectrum disease, a type of major depression characterized by families in which male relatives are alcoholic and females are depressed. The genetic etiology hypothesis of depression spectrum disease proposes that an alcoholic genetic diathesis predisposes to depression in females but alcoholism, not depression, in males.

METHOD
The study examined 197 adult offspring (95 male and 102 female) of alcoholic biological parents and used logistic regression models to determine the contribution to major depression in male and female adoptees that could be explained by the genetic alcoholic diathesis combined with an environmental factor that was characterized by psychiatrically or behaviorally disturbed adoptive parents.

RESULTS
Major depression in females was predicted by an alcoholic diathesis only when combined with the disturbed adoptive parent variable. The same regression model failed to predict depression in males. Other possible environmental confounding factors contributing to an increased chance of depression were found in females: fetal alcohol exposure, age at the time of adoption, and a family with an adopted sibling who had a psychiatric problem. These variables did not diminish the significance of the prediction of depression with the alcohol genetic diathesis and disturbed parent model.

CONCLUSIONS
The results show that a genetic factor is present for which alcoholism is at least a marker, and which exerts its effect in women as a gene-environment interaction leading to major depression. This finding suggests that an important etiologic factor in depression spectrum disease is gene-environment interaction.


About 1.5 million Germans are suffering from chronic leg ulcer.The causes are quite diverse and range from chronic venous insufficiencyto ulceration in peripheral arterial disease, vasculitis, infectiousdiseases and neoplasms or artefacts. A profound diagnosis is thebasis for causal therapy, directed against the underlying disease.


IPNV) нарушает равновесие в прооксидантно-антиоксидантной системе гепатоцитов радужной форели, и проявляется интенсификацией процессов пероксидного окисления липидов, снижением мощности антиоксидантной защиты, что позволяет рассматривать полученные результаты, как одно из звеньев в патогенезе заболевания.The paper contains results of studies on biochemical changes in rainbow trout organism under the effect of viral infection. Oxidative degradation, which occurs due to the accumulation of excess oxidation products and can cause a large number of pathological conditions, is a result of general non-specific reaction of cells and organism as a whole on external factors, one of which is the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). According to the international taxonomy of viruses, this virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae For identification of possibility of oxidative stress development, we studied the state of lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates of clinically healthy young-of-the-year rainbow trout and their analogues experimentally infected with pancreatic necrosis virus. Young-of-the-year rainbow trout were reared in a specialized farm in Rivne region and were adapted for 14 days under aquarium conditions of the Ichthyopathology department of the IF NAAS. The fish were examined for bacterial and viral infections. The Ukrainian isolate IPNV VF-11 (6.8 LG TTsD50/cm3) was used for infection contamination. The virus was maintained in the laboratory collection of the IF NAAS. The experiments used 10 % liver homogenates of fish for biochemical analyzes. Sampling was carried out on the 3th, 12th and 22th day after the viral contamination. The level of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) Вісник проблем біології і медицини 2014 Вип. 3, Том 3 (112) 33 БІОЛОГІЯ was used for determination of the status of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver homogenates. The state of antioxidant (AO) defense activity was determined by the AO enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The experimental results showed that the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) promoted the activation of oxidative processes, and this indicates an increase of lipid peroxidation products such as: primary metabolites diene conjugates (DC), and final of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rainbow trout liver homogenates infected with virus IPN, in the disease dynamics. Determination of SOD activity in the liver homogenates of rainbow trout in middle and final periods of infection showed a decrease in SOD activity by 66 and 55 %, respectively, compared to control values. A decrease of enzymatic activity of catalase in the liver homogenates of rainbow trout during the infection period was observed. During the initial period, we observed a decrease of this value by 17 % relative to control values, in the mid-infected period by 11 %, and finally the enzyme was lower than the control by 5 %, indicating on an intensification of the process of hydrogen peroxide formation in liver homogenates, excessive activation of free radical reactions associated with the accumulation of lipoperoxide products. The observed changes in the catalase activity level may be due to various reasons. First, the enzyme inactivation that may be caused by an excess of reactive oxygen species, an increased production of which during the oxidative stress has been proved. At the same time, it is known that the superoxide radical is a potent catalase inhibitor. Secondly, a decrease of catalase level can also be caused by mutation and oxidative DNA degradation under oxidative stress. Finally, the level of enzyme activity in cells, as is known, is regulated by the rates of their synthesis and decomposition. The catalase participates in other parallel reactions associated with ionic processes of H2O2 metabolism. In particular, this may be conversions in peroxisomes, where this enzyme composes 40 % of organelle content. The obtained results show that IPNV action impairs the balance in the peroxidative-antioxidative system in hepatocytes of rainbow trout and is manifested as an intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, reduction of antioxidative protection capacity that allows considering the obtained results as one of the components of the disease pathogenesis.


In order to keep internal procedures optimized, educational institutions had to update their managerial tools and adopt modern and complex information management systems, used to facilitate integration and understanding of information. To achieve this goal, the system needs to fulfill the needs of their users, clearly communicate with users, and be easy to interact with. These objectives are achieved through the interaction with the system's interface. The interface of such system is the most important feature to the user, it's what is visible to him and what he will be focusing on, by interacting, communicating and performing tasks. Therefore, the successful outcome of the user on performing a task on the system is directly correlated to the quality and design of its interface. Usability evaluations are performed to analyze and improve quality and interaction levels with the user. This dissertation analyzes such topics and presents a usability study in the 'Information and Academic Management System' (SIG@) of the Federal University of Pernambuco, with the Center of Arts and Communication as study case setting. For clarification of the tasks performed as base for this study, we present hierarchical diagrams of the analyzed tasks. The usability analysis performed was based on the analytical method of heuristics evaluation by Jakob Nielsen, and the empiricist method based on user testing. The users of this study include administrative technicians, professors, and staff of the University. To analyze the quality of the interaction between user and software we applied the interaction design principles, the design general guidelines, and the visual design guidelines developed by Leventhal and Barnes. Informal interviews, site observation, and questionnaires were applied to evaluate user satisfaction with the system. The questionnaire was based on the reliable and well established principles of ISONORM 9241/10 developed by Prumper, based on ISO 9241. The results show that the population sample of this study have a negative response towards the system, and after further analysis we observed usability issues and disturbances. The results also show several features that need improvement and optimization at the SIG@. Therefore, we developed recommendations for improvement seeking to optimize the system's interface and adapt it to the needs of its users, making it user-friendly.


Objective To sutdy the epidemic law of viral hepatitis inWuxi rural area. Methods Using description epidemiological methods to analysis the incidence of viral hepatitis in Xishan city from 1992 to 2002. Results The morbidity of viral hepatitis was going down from 1992 to 2002. The morbidity of hepatitis A declined significantly comparing with the early 1990s' , but the morbidity of hepatitis B didn't change significantly. Conclusions In order to decline the morbidity of viral hepatitis in Wuxi rural area, the key method was to control hepatitis B. We should stress the health education and promote the vaccine of hepatitis A and B so as to decline the morbidity of hepatitis A and B.


Effects of different P levels on dry matter accumulation, leaf elongation rate, chlorophyll content, root vigor, K~(+), Na~(+), Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Cl~(-) contents of aloe seedlings under 30% concentration of seawater were studied. The results showed that addition of P increased significantly plant dry weight, promoted markedly leaf elongation rate, chlorophyll contents and root vigor, decreased the electrolytic leakage of leaves. Addition of P also decreased significantly Na~(+), Cl~(-) contents, promoted K~(+), Ca~(2+) transport to shoot, maintained high K~(+)/Na~(+), Ca~(2+)/Na~(+) and S_(K,Na) in aloe leaves, improved ion homeostasis in leaves, this was one of the main causes of the alleviatory effects of P on growth inhibition of seawater-stressed aloe seedlings.


Objective: Now the main imaging devices used to definite the target area in radiotherapy are CT, MRI etc. that mainly provide the anatomy images. While the imaging devices such as PET, SPECT, MRS can reflect some biological information in tumor. Methods: In this study,2 typical cases were selected.According to fusion Images obtained by us and CT imaging currently used, 4 experienced doctors defined the tumors' target area and compared the differences between them. Results: The 4 doctors took a different view in the definition of the target area based on CT images, but consistent point of view according to the definition of fusion images of the tumor target area. Conclusions: By using fusion technology, a variety of images are showed at the same time,which has important clinical significance to the definition of the target area, in particular to understanding the functional areas of the tumor,providing an important experimental and clinical evidence for further radiation treatment and the definition of the biological target area.


The internal overheat fault process of No.1 main transformer in Xiangfan Power Plant is introduced.The fault cause and location are analyzed.The judge method is presented.


Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-04-26 and may be subject to change. Abstract Objectives: Female gender and young age are known risk factors for psychological morbidity after a disaster, but this conclusion is based on studies without a pre-disaster assessment. The aim of this study in family practice was to investigate if these supposed risk factors would still occur in a study design with a pre-disaster measurement. Methods: A matched cohort study with pre-disaster (one year) and post-disaster (five years) data. Community controls (N = 3164) were matched with affected residents (N = 3164) on gender, age and socioeconomic status. Main outcome measures were utilization rates measured by family practice attendances and psychological, musculoskeletal and digestive health problems as registered by the family practitioner using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Results: Affected residents of female and male gender and in five age groups all showed increases in utilization rates in the first post-disaster year and in psychological problems when compared to their pre-disaster baseline levels. The increases showed no statistically significant changes, however, between women and men and between all age groups. Conclusion: Gender and age did not appear to be disaster-related risk factors in this study in family practice with a pre-disaster base line assessment, a comparison group and using existing registries. Family practitioners should not focus specifically on these risk groups.


The present invention relates to a voltage clamp 3-level converter using a combined inductor. The present invention includes: the combined inductor; a switch unit which is composed of a first switch and a second switch; a first clamp and a second clamp which include clamp diodes and clamp capacitors; and a first output unit and a second output unit which include output diodes and output capacitors.


Empathy is a fundamental component of positive and productive human relationships. In the context of civic engagement, the ability to "stand in the shoes of another" increases opportunities to avoid miscommunication and misunderstandings, to work together in cooperative settings, and, as a result create innovative solutions to social issues. In this proposal, we present a fourteen-week workshop being conducted with a diverse group of middle school children to use technology to foster the development of empathy and support civic engagement.


South America is a land of contrasts. These contrasts encompass both nature and human activity. The health of individuals takes place within this context. In particular, congenital heart diseases, due to the complexity of their diagnosis and treatment, present a significant challenge for the region. Despite a large portion of the population lacking access to these services, the region is a pioneer in innovation in this field. Great surgeons from there have left an indelible legacy that still impacts the lives of people around the world today.


The study of open system quantum dynamics has been transformed by the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) method, which gives the exact dynamics for a system coupled to a harmonic bath at arbitrary temperature and system-bath coupling strength. However in its standard form the method is only consistent with the the weak-coupling quantum master equation at all temperatures when many auxiliary density operators are included in the hierarchy, even when low temperature corrections are included. In this Note we propose a new correction scheme for the termination of the hierarchy which alleviates this problem, and restores consistency with the weak-coupling master equation with a minimal hierarchy. The new scheme is found to improve convergence of the HEOM even beyond the weak-coupling limit and is very straightforward to implement in existing HEOM codes.


This paper presents a paramtric study based on a high-resolution measurement system of rotating tires towards noise prediction. The developed system, to be mounted on a tire testing machine, consists of digital cameras, strobes, and a eld-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The developed system captures a clear instant image of a rotating tire irrespective of the rotation speed by triggering strobes. Since the rotation of a tire on a testing machine is periodic, the system can e ectively capture the rotating tire at a high sampling frequency, though the digital cameras used may not have a high frame rate. The digital cameras proposed in the system are commercially available digital single-lens re ex (DSLR) cameras, which are CMOS-based and thus have high resolution, equipped with macro lenses, which further improve resolution by zooming into the tire deformation. This low-cost system is, therefore, considerably superior to high-speed cameras in both frame rate and resolution and can measure tire deformation associated with sound generation by synchronously measuring sound with a microphone array. The parametric study on a simple slot on a smooth tire was investigated by capturing images at every 0.025° tire rotation with synchronous microphone and spindle force measurements. The result demonstrated identi cation of the noise generation mechanism initiation timing and the characteristic of the noise.


Abstract Research purpose. Stocks as well as other securities are a crucial part of the financial market that helps to redistribute financial resources amongst market participants, which in a modern economy include not only professional stock players but also many common individuals seeking to increase their capital. Previous studies found a strong relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock returns but often the explanatory power of those models seems to be limited in the applicable region. The aim of this article is to establish whether each region's stock indices have to be predicted based on a separate set of variables. Design / Methodology / Approach. The article uses correlation–regression analysis method to confirm the initial hypothesis regarding regional limitations of such prediction models. Findings. The same set of independent variables cannot be directly applied to different regions because although the chosen Y2B model did provide an accurate relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock indices in the United Kingdom, it failed to provide accurate (usable) results in other regions (Estonia, European Union, France, Germany, Latvia and Lithuania), Originality / Value / Practical implications. The results are important in order to define the way that the smaller and less-researched economies should be examined because detailed researches of power economies such as the United States, the United Kingdom, China or Germany often cannot be directly applied outside the initial research region. Therefore, the need of separate studies for smaller regions such as Baltic States is confirmed.


A expert system of alfalfa production development and utilization was built rely on combine artificial intelligence and alfalfa science including experts experience and experimental knowledge.The developed system is based on summarization of the adaptability of alfalfa species and variety,cultivate and management technology for alfalfa and alfalfa production development and utilization,and was finished with DET,an expert system tool shell.The system can run under Windows environment.We introduced the main structure and function of the expert system.


A beam distribution device comprises a stack of Parallelogrammprismen and beam splitting coatings which are positioned respectively between opposite parallel faces of adjacent Parallelogrammprismen. The stack is attached to an entrance surface of a triangular prism. The triangular prism includes the entrance surface, a reflecting surface and an exit surface. The reflecting surface has optical surfaces for forming output beams from the stack and reflecting the output beams through the exit surface. A beam distribution device comprises a stack of Parallelogrammprismen and beam splitting coatings which are positioned respectively between opposite parallel faces of adjacent Parallelogrammprismen in the stack. The beam-splitting coatings transmit light of a first polarization and reflect a portion of light of a second polarization. The apparatus further comprises retardation plates which are adjacent to each on a surface of Parallelogrammprismas attached to a beam-splitting coating, and correcting, reflective optics for forming output beams which are each fixed to a retardation plate.


The consequences of sodium and potassium oxides distribution over the portland cement clinker structure is discussed on the base of the most recent literature available. Microscopic data obtained for laboratory prepared and industrial clinkers of different alkali contents revealed alterations of the crystalline environment due to the action of alkalies. The C 3 A phase was found to have a prismatic symmetry when 0.8% Na 2 O and no sulphur were present in the clinker, however, the regular modification of C 3 A was found in the presence of 0.8% of K 2 O. The C 3 A phase of industrial clinkers was dominated by the regular form. An X-ray microprobe examination of alkali-containing clinkers indicated potassium to be present both in the interstitial phase and in belite. The distribution of potassium over the same phase is not uniform. A tendency was shown the potassium to be concentrated along the intergranular layer of belite and the interstitial phase


In this study we investigate whether or not event-related (de)synchronisation (ERD/ERS) can be used to differentiate between 27 healthy elderly, 21 subjects diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 16 mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Using 32-channel EEG recordings, we measured ERD responses to a three-level visual N-back task (N = 0, 1, 2) on the well-known delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Our findings revealed that healthy elderly (HE) elicited consistently greater beta and alpha ERD responses than MCI and AD patients at many scalp electrodes, most of them located at fronto-central and temporal-parietal areas. Additionally, significant ERD differences were found on the gamma band in the MCI vs. AD comparison. Based on these findings, we conclude that ERD responses to a working memory (N-back) task could be useful for early MCI diagnosis or for improved AD diagnosis, and also for assessing the likelihood of MCI progression to AD.


The purpose of this study is to explore the stability and interaction between parental pressure and social research report, as well as the role of employment status and family income levels in this process. This study used a special study on Korean children (PSKC) 2–4 waves. Use t-test, correlation and autoregressive cross-delay modeling to analyze the data. The main findings of this study are: First, over time, parental pressure and mother's social research report are consistent. Secondly, the pressure of motherhood and childcare has an obvious lagging effect on upbringing, and vice versa. Third, there is no significant difference between working mothers and non-working mothers in terms of the stability of working parents' pressure, social research report and social research report for children's pressure channels. However, parental pressure can only predict the social research report of working mothers. Fourth, there is no significant difference between the stability and interaction of these two structures in household income levels. In short, the results show that, over time, parental pressure is consistent with mother's social research report. The results also show that there is a significant cross-lag effect between the mothers' perceptions of mutual pressure analysis. In the process from parental pressure to social research report, I found the difference between working and non-working mothers. The advantage of this study is that the expected longitudinal design was adopted during infancy and the priority between the two structures can be considered. The results of this study can be used as a source of intervention plans to help parents withstand severe parenting pressure and lack of social research report.