Strategy of improving management level of enterprise performance appraisal is studied in this manuscript. Under the background of the new development strategy, enterprise performance management work as an important communication bridge between enterprise management level and workers. The concept of performance management refers broadly to the sum of all the management activities such as goal management, quality management, supervision and assessment, and employee training organized by organizations or individuals. Narrowly defined performance management is based on the strategic objectives of the company. This paper gives the novel ideas related to the mentioned challenges and we also study the applications to validate the model.


Motivated by recent studies of long-range forces beween identical black holes, we extend these considerations by investigating the forces between two non-identical black holes. We focus on classes of theories where charged black holes can have extremal limits that are not BPS. These theories, which live in arbitrary spacetime dimension, comprise gravity coupled to $N$ 2-form field strengths and $(N-1)$ scalar fields. In the solutions we consider, each field strength carries an electric charge. The black hole solutions are governed by the $SL(N+1,R)$ Toda equations. In four dimensions the black-hole solutions in the $SL(3,R)$ example are equivalent to the"Kaluza-Klein dyons."We find that any pair of such extremal black holes that are not identical (up to overall scaling) repel one another. We also show that there can exist pairs of non-extremal, non-identical black holes which obey a zero-force condition. Finally, we find indications of similar results in the higher examples, such as $SL(4,R)$.


Precise emission wavelength modeling is essential for understanding and optimization of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. An analytical approach for determining the emission wavelength based on setting the propagation constant of the Bragg condition and solving for the resulting slab waveguide mode is reported. The method is advantageous to established methods as it predicts the wavelength precisely with reduced complexity. Four-layered hybrid polymer-TiO2 first order DFB dye lasers with different TiO2 layer thicknesses are studied. Varying the TiO2 thickness from 0 nm to 30 nm changes the emission wavelength by 7 nm with compelling agreement of modeling results to experimental measurements.


Studies made through soil surveys and other field work during the past three or four years have disclosed a number of soils in California having the morphology of the solonetz. The process of solonetz formation is set forth in the works of Glinka (6), Gedroiz (5), Afanasiev (1), and other Russian soil scientists. Glinka (6) defines solonetz as alkali soils with characteristic structure, in contrast with the solonchak soils which are alkali soils without any definite structure. He explains that the upper horizons of the solonchak may contain soluble salts, while the same horizon of the solonetz does not, although salts may be present in the deeper horizons of the solonetz. Quoting from Glinka (6) : "where NaHCO3 is present and chlorides absent the following transformation takes place; NaHCO3 in the surface horizons changes to Na2COs which dissolves humic acid and prevents the flocculation of the fine grained suspended soil material. In this state the material passes downward with a part of the alkaline humates. At some depth a change of the Na2CO3 takes place and the alkaline humate is precipitated along with the suspended soil material from above, the latter being precipitated through flocculation. In this way a leached upper horizon of coarse texture is formed and a lower horizon which on drying breaks up into columnar, prismatic or irregular shaped pieces."


A servo-controlled balance for the absolute ampere determination has been developed. The force can be measured with high speed (in a few minutes) and with high sensitivity (10-8 N). The analysis of the current balance also agrees with the experiments. The noise by the convection current of air produced by heating in the moving coil is newly estimated. The current of the moving coil for obtaining the best signal to noise ratio is around 1 A in the present coil system.


The emergence of multidrug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a serious public health concern. Compounds known as bacteriocins represent one novel approach to antimicrobial development. Bacteriocins are proteins produced by bacteria that often display activity against closely related species. Numerous species of nonpathogenic Neisseria are members of the normal human microbiota. The objective of this study was to screen a collection of nonpathogenic Neisseria for their ability to produce antineisserial substances. We used cross‐streak and agar overlay methods to screen 53 strains of nonpathogenic Neisseria for activity against four target species. Ten strains displayed antimicrobial activity in both assays. N. mucosa strain N14 exhibited especially strong activity in our initial screens. We further characterized the range of N. mucosa N14 antimicrobial activity by testing this strain against a total of 60 target organisms. N. mucosa N14 inhibited the growth of 61% (31/51) of nonpathogenic Neisseria strains, 100% (2/2) of N. meningitidis strains, and 100% (7/7) of N. gonorrhoeae strains tested, including a multidrug resistant strain of N. gonorrhoeae. This preliminary study suggests that further research on secreted substances produced by nonpathogenic Neisseria species may improve our understanding of neisserial interactions in the healthy human microbiota, as well as reveal interbacterial dynamics that inhibit the growth of pathogenic Neisseria.


The gold deposit series related to intermediate-acidic hypabyssal rock formation is composed of three types of gold deposits,i.e.,auriferous quartz vein type,intrusive body contact zone type and fracture zone alteration rock type.The gold deposit of porphyry type(or subvolcanc porphyry type)did not have a breakthrough yet.However,it is potential and possible breakthrough will take place.


Neon gas was bombarded with 2.4, 3.1, 4.6, and 6.1-Mev deuterons and with 3.4- and 4.5-Mev He3 particles. Timeof-flight measurements of neutron groups indicate excited states of Na/sup 21/ at0.37 plus or minus 0.04, 1.69 plus or minus 0.05, 2.83 plus or minus 0.04, 3.89 plus or minwwell-known states at 2.43, 3.57, 4.18, 4.31, and 4.49 Mev. Angular distributions show strong direct interaction features. Mg/sup 22/, has a mass excess (M-A) of -0.14 plus or minus 0.08 Mev (C/sup 12/ reference) from Q = -0.043 plus or minus 0.08 Mev for Ne/sup 20/(He/sup 3/,n) Mg/sup 22/. The first excited state is at 0.995 plus or minus 0.04 Mev. No other states are observed with E/sup x/ < 2.5 Mev. (auth)


The trend of electronics miniaturization for various applications, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and electric microproplusion, has necessitated more accurate predictions for breakdown voltage, Vb. Paschen's law—traditionally used for breakdown predictions—fails at gap distances smaller than ~15 μm. Modified Paschen's curves have been derived to account for this deviation, but the resulting equations must be solved numerically and do not elucidate behavior at critical limits, such as small gap distance or low pressure. We have previously obtained excellent agreement between numerical solutions, analytic solutions, and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations at atmospheric pressure for gap distances from nanoscale to microscale. We extend this concept to sub-atmospheric pressures and demonstrate excellent agreement between numerical solutions and PIC simulations.


Notes 1 Meyer cites Austin, Kenny, and Loening as those who doubt that Aristotle developed a theoretical account. 2 Meyer points out that Aristotle does not present the causal relation of voluntariness as a sufficient condition for moral responsibility, but only as a necessary condition. 3 For a different interpretation of Aristotle's attitude to "full" moral responsibility that is nonetheless in sympathy with some of Meyer's conclusions, see Sarah Broadie, Ethics With Aristotle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 159-74. 4 Meyer cites in particular Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985).


IN this EMR issue, the Technology Managers Notebook includes Managing Technical Professionals: Talent management, by Tuna Tarim; Innovation: Feasibility by Gus Gaynor; Project to Design and Implementation Significant Process Change by Celia Desmond; Entrepreneur: Interacting with your Board by Milton Chang, and Excellent Execution in New Product Development: Adaptability and Resilience by Leslie Martinich.


This paper describes the behavior of the bee Trigona spinipes, to avoid the latex, when piercing the base of the tubular corolla of the flowers of Mandevilla guanabarica in order to steal the nectar.


Significant achievements have been obtained in tight sandstone gas exploration in China. At present, tens of tight sandstone gas pools have been discovered in the Ordos basin, the Sichuan basin, the Bohai Bay basin, the Tarim basin, and the Turpan-Harmi basin in China. This study examines the gas components and the stable carbon isotope data of 150 tight sandstone gas samples collected from the main petroliferous basins in China. Tight sandstone gas in China is dominated in alkane gases, and the contents of methane and its homologues decrease with increasing of the carbon number. Major part of the tight sandstone gas have the characteristic of normal stable carbon isotope series (i.e., δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4), whereas the rest show a partial reversal, and the reversals between ethane and propane are in dominant (δ13C2>δ13C3). Most of the sandstone gases are coal-derived gas, and mixing of gases from the same humic source but different maturity or from different humic sources caused the partially reversal of the carbon isotopic values. The major part of the tight sandstone gas pools are self-generation and self-accumulation reservoirs formed in coal measures, and the coal measures are the favorable field in tight sandstone gas exploration in China.


The advent of the big data era changes our living, working, and thinking significantly. Also, it brings a new perspective of understanding and processing for the ideological education in universities. By analyzing the big data derived from university students, we can accurately and comprehensively investigate the students' ideological situations and conduct activities, accurately predict the ideological dynamics and behavior trending, and carry out a precise mode of ideological education in universities, so as to improve the pertinence, perspective and effectiveness of the ideological education.


Francine Muel-Dreyfus, Vichy and the Eternal Feminine: A Contribution to a Political Sociology of Gender ( 2001 ), 387 (Duke University Press, Durham, $ 64 . 95 , paperback $ 21 . 95 ). Vichy and the Eternal Feminine is a major contribution to the historiography of French women and the Second World War, a field that has expanded considerably since the original publication of the book by Seuil in 1996 . This is the first full-length treatment of women under the Vichy regime and the third panel in a triptych of major studies of women under fascism. 1


In this work, We introduce the concepts of an FP-Extending, FP-Continuous and FP-Quasi-Continuous which are stronger than P-Extending, P-Continuous and PQuasi-Continuous. characterizations and properties of FP-Extending, FP-Continuous and FP-Quasi-Continuous are obtained . A module M is called FP-Extending ( FPContinuous, FP-Quasi-Continuous) if every submodule is P-Extending (PContinuous, P-Quasi-Continuous) . Keyword: Extending module, P-Extending, P-Continuous, P-Quasi-Continuous, fully invariant submodule, stable submodule, uniform module, closed submodule.


The article offers an approach, strictly synchronous and essentially descriptive, to the current landscape of crime fiction written in Catalan. It aims both to serve as a starting point for further work and to banish prejudice towards a genre which has always been considered a "minor" one, thus contributing to the consolidation of its study in Catalonia.


The cognitive theory of symbol processing is an important approach of cognitive psychology.It emphasizes the decisive role which knowledge plays on the behavior and cognitive action of people,and it also emphasizes the globle study on cognitive process.The cognitive theory of symbol processing treats "mental action like computer" as its theoretical metaphor and adopts the method of computer simulation.Studies on the cognitive problems such as perception,attention,memory and problem solving,become an important approach in discovering the nature and mechanism of people's cognition,but it also exists some serious problems.


The primary stage of identifying photographic images consists of careful observation, which also includes microscopic examination. Its purpose is to fi nd the characteristic features of a particular technique, sometimes compared to fi ngerprints. In most cases, this process, combined with XRF and FTIR techniques of spectroscopic analysis, allows us to ultimately identify the photographic technique and, consequently, to ascertain the date of origin. There are, however, cases that are diffi cult to explain.


Many Sub-Saharan African countries have liberalized their economies and developed poverty reduction strategies aimed at opening up new market-led opportunities for economic recovery and accelerated growth. The outcomes of these policy reforms have, however, been quite mixed (Winter-Nelson and Temu 2002; Dorward and Kydd 2004; Fafchamps 2004). Many smallholder farmers continue to engage in subsistence agriculture and are therefore unable to benefit from liberalized markets. Structural problems of poor infrastructure (Kydd and Dorward 2004; Dorward et al. 2005) and lack of market-enabling institutions (World Bank 2002, 2003) continue to characterize the subsector, contributing to high transaction costs, coordination failure, and pervasive market imperfections. Moreover, partial implementation of reforms and policy reversals in terms of increasing the use of discretionary trade policy instruments by the state or parastatal marketing boards have tended to mute the positive effects of liberalization (Jayne et al. 2002; Jayne, Chapoto, and Shiferaw 2009). Although the opportunities afforded by liberalization have not been fully exploited, the expectation that removing or rationalizing state marketing boards would open opportunities for the private sector to take over these functions has not been fully realized in many areas. This is mainly because of underdeveloped infrastructure and missing institutions that support the proper functioning of markets. The private-sector traders are unlikely to offer input and output marketing services to smallholder producers in such less favored areas, where market infrastructure or enabling institutions are weak or missing. Lack of such infrastructure and institutions diminishes the incentives for the private sector to invest in agribusiness development and the provision of marketing functions, especially for food staples and other low-value grains produced in these areas. However, avenues exist in market institutions that make use of collective action to complement government and private-sector responses for enhanced coordination in rural commodity markets. This is because the individual marketing of produce may not make economic sense due to small quantities, large spatial distances from input and output markets, and the associated high transportation costs, all characteristics of small-scale production in Sub-Saharan Africa. 5 Rural Institutions and Imperfect Agricultural Markets in Africa: Experiences from Producer Marketing Groups in Kenya


The present study examined how social and physical demand characteristics influenced the willingness of 128 volunteer undergraduates to participate in a drug experiment. Subjects read an informed consent form about an experiment and then received different amounts of supplemental information about the study presented orally by a physician-confederate in a medical school setting. After making an initial decision about participation in the study, participants were tested for their comprehension about the experiment. All subjects who indicated an interest in the project were asked to attend a second meeting in the Psychology Department when they were asked if they wished to change their original decisions. Because high trust was placed in the physician-confederate, there were no differences, no effect for the differing oral presentations was found. However, a significant number of subjects changed their decisions to participate at the second session. The relationship of these and other findings to clinical research and practice were discussed.


Review(s) of: Language and power in the Celtic world. Papers from the seventh Australian conference of Celtic studies, the university of Sydney, 30 September-2 October 2010 (= Sydney series in Celtic studies 10), by Anders Ahlqvist and Pamela O'Neill (eds), Sydney: University of Sydney, 2011. 424 pp. ISBN 9781742102344.


Background: Measuring patient outcomes and early detection is important to prevent severe social dysfunction in schizophrenic and methamphetamine abuse patients. Psychometric properties testing of the Thai Social Dysfunction Rating Scale (TSDRS) has not yet been applied. Method: Factor analysis was carried out on data collected from 313 schizophrenic and methamphetamine abuse patients who met the inclusion criteria, and who were recruited using multi-stage sampling from eight setting of psychiatric and substance disorder service care in Thailand during April to May, 2015. The method of extraction was principal components analysis. Parallel Analysis with Monte Carlo Simulations (PAMC) was used to determine the factor's number to retain in a factor analysis. Results: A 14-item TSDRS was applied to 313 participants. Communalities in each factor ranged from .54 to .79 that were retained. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy = .93 and Bartlett's test was X 2 = 2867, df = 91, p<0.001. Cronbach's alpha and test retest reliability was .93, .96 respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all items have fit with the empirical data ( X 2 = 26.544; df = 32; X 2 /df = .83; CFI = 1.00; NFI = 0.99; GFI = .96; PGFI =.40; IFI = 1.02; RMR = .15; and RMSEA = .00). Factor structures showed that items were accepted. Factor loading ranged from .57 to .86 were practically significant. Two factors, explaining 66.2% of the total variance, were identified. Factors 1 explained 56.3% and factor 2 explained 9.9% of the variance. Conclusion: The TSDRS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and practical measurements for health care providers to assess social dysfunction in schizophrenic and methamphetamine abuse patients.


Background. Several toxicants present simultaneously in the environment have combined toxicological effects. In addition, various xenobiotics have distinct effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in animal cells and tissues.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cadmium (Cd) and cyanide (CN) through the food chain on some antioxidant indices in the tissues (lungs, testes, heart, and brain) of male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods. The study included sixty African catfish allocated to four groups, each comprising fifteen fish, treated with potassium cyanide (KCN) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), held at a temperature of 25°C in a 100-litre fish tank aquarium with water contaminated with 0.4 mg of both cyanide and cadmium/100 ml of water. All the fish were later killed, dried, and used to prepare diet for experimental animals. Twenty male rats divided into four groups, each comprising five rats, were used for this study as well, and fed for 28 days as follows: Group A - control diet; Group B - cyanide-contaminated diet; Group C - cadmium-contaminated diet; Group D - diet contaminated with cyanide + cadmium. Subsequently, they were sacrificed. Biochemical analysis of the tissues excised from the rats was done.
Results. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation level and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione activities in the lungs, testes, heart, and brain of rats fed a catfish diet containing both cyanide and cadmium as compared to controls. In addition, contaminated diet altered acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione-S-transferase activity, and glutathione reductase activity in the tissues of experimental rats.
Conclusions. Cadmium and cyanide, via the food chain, induce oxidative stress in the lungs, testes, heart, and brain of rats.


Quality education and universal coverage generates three positive effects of great relevance for society: social cohesion, social mobility and social returns. These effects have a direct relationship with economic growth, so that the study of this correlation is important for countries because the results can have an impact on policy actions that generate a more productive society and boost economic growth. In Colombia, there is a wealth of important literature on mobility and social cohesion, but very little evidence on the social returns of education. For this reason, the objective of this work is to analyze the regional differences in the social returns of education in Colombia during the 2015-2018 period. For this, a panel data model with fixed effects is estimated in which the percentage variations of GDP are correlated with the average schooling by department. The main results indicate that the increase in average schooling in Colombia hasn ́t a significant effect on economic growth. Similarly, there were no differences in schooling by departments, so it is concluded that there are no social returns attributable to education.


Our paper develops a two-stage sequential game between an incumbent and a pirate to find the optimal quality level of the firm in the presence of network externality. The results show that the incumbent in the presence of piracy chooses minimum quality for its product and undertakes an anti-copying investment that adversely affects the effective quality level of the pirated good. Further, under SPNE the incumbent becomes a price leader and the pirate chooses to be a follower.


A transfer function method is being developed for both the impulse test and monitoring of power transformers. A three-phase equivalent circuit of power transformer based on the Bergeron method is created in this paper. The influences of input signals with different frequency characteristics on transfer function calculation are analyzed and a suitable input is selected to perform the evaluation of transformers' insulation conditions by transfer function method. Three different types of transformer faults are simulated in this paper. The results show the potential contributions to insulation fault monitoring and location.


This study takes Taoer River basin,a typical basin in semi-arid region of Northeast China,as study area,and simulates its hydrological process by the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) model.Parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out on the upper sub-basin and middle-lower sub-basin to identify the sensitive parameters affecting stream flow.Results show spatial heterogeneity of several parameters' sensitivities,and the reason is the difference of runoff generating mode caused by spatial heterogeneities of climate and underlying surface.Calibration and verification of hydrological model are carried out by daily hydrological and meteorological data from 1988 to 1997,and the results show that average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(EC) of monthly runoff simulation at main stream gauging stations is 0.78 for calibration period and 0.72 for verification period,relative coefficient is more than 0.86,relative error of water budget is within 20%,and daily runoff simulation is also fairly good;while the simulation is not satisfied for dry period due to the inadequacy of precipitation gauging station to capture spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation.These researches show the applicability of SWAT model in modeling runoff generation and relative hydrological process in semi-arid region in Northeast China with scarce-data,and meanwhile it provides foundation and tool for improving further study in water resources integrated management of Taoer River basin.


THE AIM of this exploratory study is to investigate consumer sovereignty in the public sector of the economy. If the consumer is to be sovereign he must control both the public and private sectors. He must dominate macroeconomizing as well as microeconomizing. Size alone is a clear indicator of the importance of the federal budget. But much more than size is involved. This budget, for example, is described as the "key instrument in national policy making," as the means by which "the Nation chooses what areas it wishes to leave to private choice and what services it wants to provide through government," and as determining what "should be provided at the federal rather than the state or local level."'


Based on the low geothermal reinjection efficiency in Neogene System allover the world,The article describes the two successful geothermal reinjection example in Neogene sandstone aquifer in Huanghua depression and Jizhong depression.Two well completion,i.e.the filter and perforation are applied in the two projects.Under similar sedimentation environment and parameter of the strata the perforation completion is more effective than the filter completion in larger reinjection volume and consistent reinjection without blocking.


Abstract : The paper presents a formalization of the principal concepts of the block diagram approach in systems theory using set theory. The development is axiomatic. Starting from Mesarovic's notion of a general system as an n-ary relation, (i) the concept of time is introduced (ii) multi-variable input-output systems are formalized and (iii) the evolution of such systems in time is studied both with and without the property of non-anticipation. It is demonstrated in the latter case that the concept of state naturally arises.


Recent studies show that basic satellite positioning is reaching its limits in terms of performance improvements. Further enhancements in positioning performance can be based almost entirely on augmentation and procedures supported by other systems. Considering the complexity of the interrelationship with additional systems, intrinsically different solutions are being developed to solve the positioning performance improvement problem. Here we present a new concept in positioning. Dubbed distributed positioning, it merges basic satellite positioning with advanced and assisted positioning procedures. The resulting complex synergy unavoidably includes the use of additional technologies in mobile communications, wireless Internet, and advanced computer systems. The real advantage from the introduction of distributed positioning lies in its capability to provide a significant improvement in overall positioning performance. Latest navigation status and up-to-date local environment models are much easier to apply on rover positioning, compared with classical assisted-GPS positioning procedures. Distributed positioning presents a completely different approach in positioning performance improvement, opening new prospects in research and development not only in the field of the satellite positioning, but also in telecommunications and computer engineering.


Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with adverse prognosis. It was demonstrated that alternation of CHOP and DHAP chemotherapy improved outcome of mantle cell lymphoma patients. However, which components of DHAP, cisplatin, cytarabine, or both, were responsible for the improved outcome remained unclear. To answer this question, antitumor efficacies of equally toxic doses of cytarabine, cisplatin, and three different combinations were compared in vivo using mouse xenograft models of mantle cell lymphoma. We demonstrated that cisplatin, alone or with cytarabine, is significantly superior to single-agent cytarabine in both eliminating lymphoma cells and suppressing their proliferation rate.


Abstract Here we report a rare case of reversible neurological symptoms due to chronic ethanol vapor and mist exposure in a 50-year-old machinist who intentionally used undiluted 200 proof ethanol as a cutting fluid while turning metal machine parts on a toolroom lathe for a period of 3 years. Shortly after switching to ethanol as a cutting fluid, the worker began to experience central nervous system symptoms including headaches, fatigue, ataxia, and concentration and memory problems. Clinical neuropsychological assessment revealed mild deficits on tests of attention, executive function, and memory. The worker was subsequently advised to stop using ethanol as a cutting fluid. At follow-up after cessation of exposure the worker reported that his symptoms were remarkably improved.


Latin American women from all walks of life are organising against issues that oppress them, from debt and industrialisation to gender based violence. Entre Mujeres (Among Women) unites women's NGOs to influence funding agencies and Governments, and to create ties between Southern and European women. This North-South co-operation needs to be extended. The South is responsible for choosing equal partners and NGOs should act as facilitators between multilateral agencies and grassroots women. The overarching aim of Entre Mujeres is to support and improve the existing women's movement. Carbajal ends with a list of recommendations to women's NGOs.

This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.


Stable oil prices are expected to hold through 1978 since the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) made no change at its December price conference. About 35 percent of oil consumed by the U.S. is imported from OPEC nations, whose prices cannot be raised until the next conference in July. Analysts note that there was disagreement between OPEC members at the recent conference and conclude that there was stronger pressure to keep the cartel united than to raise prices. Analysts also felt that a fluctuating supply/demand balance caused by winter weather and an excess of oil stocks was a factor, although production cuts by Saudi Arabia is expected to reduce some of the oversupply. Price cuts in the form of discounts and long-term credit are foreseen as non-OPEC supplies increase.


How to set up a low-cost,high-accuracy real-time location system based on wireless sensor network is one of the popular research topics.This paper,according to our analysis on various sets of experimental data, suggests that current wireless chips are not suitable for location fingerprinting based on RSS.In addition,a new location fingerprint system based on TOA is proposed.It regards distances from TOA as reference signals and makes use of wireless signal's continuity to improve the location accuracy.The experimental data show that this system achieves considerable accuracy in complicated environments.


Theoretical analysis on a porous heat sink is performed in this paper. The flow field inside the porous heat sink due to the impinging flow is obtained using stagnation flow analysis assuming the Darcy flow. Two-equation model is employed to analyze the heat transfer between the impinging air and the porous heat sink considering the temperature difference between the phases. Two important parameters of practical importance are introduced as the unit cell size and the aspect ratio of the porous block, and their influences on the heat transfer performance is investigated. The result shows that there exist optimum values of the aspect ratio and the unit cell size for maximum heat dissipation from the porous heat sink.


Artificial antibodies is a special molecular recognition element which is synthesized by biomimic the nature antibodies. Artificial antibodies were prepared by using functional monomer and cross linker imprint the template molecule. So it is also called molecularly imprinted polymers. Due to low cost and stable activity, the molecularly imprinted polymers was applyed in the food safety rapid determination, such as veterinary residues, pesticide residues, microorganism. However, the molecularly imprinted polymers are a new molecule recognition material, it still has some problem for example the protein molecularly imprinted polymers are instability. So it must be further developed.


A support stand for a golf bag includes a pair of legs 1 pivotally mounted to a body A of the golf bag, an actuating member 2 serving pivotally to move the legs and having upper ends each pivotally mounted to an upper portion of each corresponding one of the legs and a lower end being flush with a bottom surface of the golf bag body A at an upright position of the golf bag, and a spacer bracket 3 fixedly mounted at one end thereof to a lower portion of the golf bag body A and provided with means for holding the lower portion of the actuating member, the spacer bracket 3 being adapted to space the actuating member 2 a predetermined distance from the golf bag body. The spacer bracket 3 includes a screw 3d threadedly coupled at one end thereof to one end of the spacer bracket 3 and at the other end thereof to the other end of the spacer bracket, and an adjusting knob 3e fixedly mounted on the screw.


Purpose: This study aims to explore the correlation between students' self-perception of body image and FITNESSGRAM scores, the relationship between children's body perceptions and their actual body mass index (BMI), and to see if body image in children affects their physical activity level. Methods: FITNESSGRAM fitness testing protocol and a survey developed for the KidQuest nutrition intervention program by South Dakota State University (SDSU) was used to assess the correlation between students' (n= 319) self-perception of body image and FITNESSGRAM scores. In addition accelerometers were used to assess the physical activity level of a subsample (n=57) of the students during an in-class physical education period. Results: On average, students perceived themselves as smaller than their BMI suggested. Those who had a self-perception of a larger body weight, scored lower on their curl-up, 90-degree push up, and PACER fitness tests. There was a significant negative correlation between self-perceived body weight and curl-up, 90-degree push up, and PACER fitness tests (p<0.05). There was no correlation, however, between body weight perception and sit-and-reach. No correlations were found with perceived BMI and physical activity level assessed by the accelerometers. Conclusions: Results of this research can inform future work in the area of youth body image and fitness interventions, with body image identified as a strong determinant of weight management and nutritional habits among adolescents. Specifically, fitness testing can be influenced by body image. Although there were no correlations with physical activity level in a regular physical education class and body image, it would be interesting to see if this result changed with longer time allotment.


In a previous article by the authors (Concrete International, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2000), the importance of developing a bent-by-bent rating system using track deterioration rates over successive inspections was discussed. Concerns about underwater bridge substructures have focused on scour. Structural deterioration, however, is also a serious concern, especially as the nation's bridge infrastructure continues to age. Because most substructures are concrete, information on types and rates of concrete deterioration are of particular interest. The data collected from the periodic underwater inspections of bridge structures since the late 1980s are beginning to provide a clear picture of deterioration rates and characteristics. Based on comprehensive studies of Louisiana and Mississippi bridges, several trends have become apparent. Structural deterioration rates are lowest among bents and piers constructed of concrete. Waterway deterioration ratings are fairly similar for pile bents of all materials but are higher for concrete piers. The fact that significant scatter exists with some of the deterioration-rate data indicates that age is not the only significant factor. Factors such as mixture proportioning, material quality, and construction practices also affect the deterioration rate in certain cases. The authors conclude that bridge-specific and system-wide deterioration rates can provide insight for selecting inspection intervals as well as for estimating impact of repair and rehabilitation costs in the future.


Abstract This study analyzes the use of Internet for the identification and retrieval of geological and geophysical resources. Internet is a global computer network comprising thousands or networks, the link millions of user located around the world. Users can search thousands of databases and directories, download reports and software send electronic mail (e-mail) to other specialists, and pose questions in discussion groups on numerous topics. For the geoscientist, searches on Internet retrieved relevant resources such as the Computer Oriented Geological Society (COGS) database, access to seismic processing research programs and a report entitled "Online Resources for Earth Scientists". It is noted that the Internet is a dynamic, changing entity and the information sought one day might be significantly expanded changed, or discontinued if the same search is conducted at a later date. Other information available include geological news groups, public domain mapping software and UNIX-based geophysical processing programs. For Asian-based geoscientists the results of this survey identified major advantages in using Internet. Information can be obtained immediately through Internet that is otherwise restricted, difficult, or timely to access. Although most of the resources are US-based, there is a need as well as room to expand Asian geological and geophysical information.


One of the most important characteristic of a software reuse library is apparently the nature or type of assets that are stored in it. Not only source code is stored in the library but other assets including analysis documents, design descriptions, Design and analysis diagrams in UML notation and so on. The format and structuredness of each type of document varies significantly. The type of method used for storage and retrieval of assets in the reuse library depends heavily on the nature of assets stored in the library. Some library methods are restrictive, in the sense that they work for a single kind of asset, whereas others may work for a wide range of assets. This paper aims to identify which asset types are suitable with which storage-retrieval methods and vice versa. This paper also discusses the use of XML can in developing a generic storage/retrieval method which is suitable for all document types.


In our standards-driven classrooms, teachers are searching for science resources to help them develop positive learning environments and meet district, state, and national standards. Guidelines are provided for creating a project-based learning unit. An inquiry into frogs is used as an example to develop a unit that can be implemented in a third-grade classroom. These guidelines provide a valuable resource for teachers in developing safe, engaging, project-based unit plans.


Cosmetic composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable aqueous medium: a) at least one protective agent keratin fibers chosen from organic UV filters in an amount of 0.2 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; b) at least one aromatic alcohol in an amount greater than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; c) at least one aromatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.


To eliminate the scattering loss at the crossing points of cross grid busline waveguides, a multilevel crossing structure of busline waveguide was introduced into the vertically coupled microring resonator filter. The top surface of each buried waveguide was perfectly planarized by a new fabrication process and clear filter responses were observed for a single ring and a series coupled double ring resonator with multilevel crossing busline waveguides.


The 1210 ASRS runway transgression reports are studied and expanded to yield descriptive statistics. Additionally, a one of three subset was studied in detail for purposes of evaluating the causes, risks, and consequences behind trangression events. Occurrences are subdivided by enabling factor and flight phase designations. It is concluded that a larger risk of collision is associated with controller enabled departure transgressions over all other categories. The influence of this type is especially evident during the period following the air traffic controllers' strike of 1981. Causal analysis indicates that, coincidentally, controller enabled departure transgressions also, show the strongest correlations between causal factors. It shows that departure errors occur more often when visibility is reduced, and when multiple takeoff runways or intersection takeoffs are employed. In general, runway transgressions attributable to both pilot and controller errors arise from three problem areas: information transfer, awareness, and spatial judgement. Enhanced awareness by controllers will probably reduce controller enabled incidents.


We discuss how snow intercepted by deciduous and coniferous forests affects their water and energy balances. Intensive micrometeorological observations above and below the canopy were carried out in deciduous (DF) and coniferous (CF) forests in the winter of 1996-97 in Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan. Compared with the DF, large amounts of intercepted snow on the canopy of the CF caused a relatively large latent heat flux, which depended on the aerodynamic and canopy resistance. When the intercepted snow on the canopy disappeared from the CF, the sensible and latent heat fluxes were the same at the two sites. Canopy resistance determined the latent heat flux above the DF because the aerodynamic resistance was insignificantly small. The canopy resistance for the DF was correlated with the snow surface temperature. Differences in the amounts of intercepted snow and in the canopy and aerodynamic resistance affected the partition of the input radiative energy above the two canopies. Furthermore, the site of effective energy exchange differed in the CF and DF because the effective energy exchange in the DF occurred at the forest floor.


Abstract College students were asked to sort and evaluate eight methods for suicide using a modified Rep Grid technique. Clusters of methods viewed similarly by each respondent could be identified. The method was seen to have potential for clinicians who work with potentially suicidal clients in helping them prevent suicide in their clients and for research into determinants of the methods chosen by suicidal individuals.


The authors present case reports with juvenile idiopathic arthritis being associated with functional constipation but not with inflammatory bowel disease. The cause of megacolon was only cleared in one case in the form of Hirschprung's disease. The skeletal symptoms could be classified as seronegative spondylathropathy. Surgical treatment resulted in the remission of arthritis in one case and a possible pathogenic explanation is discussed. Common genetic predisposition is a plausible explanation, but fecal stasis leading to increased permeability to macromolecules, increased exposure to microbial and dietary antigens, loss of tolerance to own bacterial flora and host susceptibility to the increased antigenic load may stand in the background of this infrequent and not yet described association between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and functional constipation.


How has translation been envisaged and what function has it been assigned historically in the multilingual terrains of India within South Asia1? This special issue considers translation as one amon...


Mathematical model of melting problem of phase change material (PCM) in cool storage tank was established. Moreover, the effective heat capacity method was used to simulate the heat transfer processes of cool storage tank, the changing relation curves of melting ratio, temperature and the diameter of cool storage tank along with time were obtained. The results show that the time of the ambulatory melting is shorter than the fixed melting by 7.65%, the difference between solid and liquid densities have a relatively great influence on the thermal performance of discharging processes of cool storage systems. In addition, it was valuable in improving design and reducing the loss of cool storage system.


According to analysing the function of the public space in the campus and studying on the problem of the public space in the campus, this paper points out the method to design the public space in the campus in order to make the campus full of livingness and reflect the character of the campus.


In Britain's National Health Service (NHS), medical consumerism is disliked by many doctors but managed by NHS leaders. Managed consumers have choices about treatment options, but are expected to help contain costs, improve quality of care, take part in clinical research and advocacy, and increase productivity. There are so many meanings for medical consumerism that it can be categorized, in post‐structuralist terms, as a 'symbol without meaning', but meanings are plentiful in the NHS.


During the course of our studies on plant growth regulators in marine algae, we have recently isolated indoleacetic acid (IAA) as an auxin and indolecarboxylic acid (ICA) as an auxin-related substance." In a further investigation, we found that acidic substances other than IAA still promote the growth of Avena coleoptile sections. In this communi cation, we describe the isolation and identifica tion of active principles from U. pinnatifida. The strong acidic fraction remaining after the isolation of IAA and ICA was subjected to adsorption column chromatography on silicic acid using mixed solvents with an nhexane-ethyl acetate system. When this chromatography was repeated twice, two ac tive acids (substance I and II) were eluted with n-hexane containing 15% and 40 ethyl acetate, respectively. These were further purified by Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration to give colorless plates. The yields and characterizations of sub stances I and II obtained from 118 kg of algae are as follows. I: 62 mg, mp 78 79°C, UV 2,m,' ": 247, 252, 258, 264, 267 (sh), IR vKBrmaxcm-1: 695 (carbonyl), 1600, 1500, 750 (aromatic ring). The NMR spectrum in deuteriochloroform showed a monosubsti tuted phenyl signal at 87.30 (5H, s) and a me thylene signal at 53.66 (2H, s). Thus, I was assigned as phenylacetic acid (PAA); II: 14 mg, mp 151-153°C, UV 2 'I ' (s): 278 (1930), 283 (sh, 1650), vKBrmaxcm-1: 3300 (hydroxyl), 1700 (carbonyl), 1600, 1515, 795 (aromatic ring). In the NMR spectrum in deuterioacetone, the coupling constant of signals at 66.77 (2H, d, J=8.7 Hz) and 57.14 (2H, d, J=8.7 Hz) indicated the presence of a p-substituted aromatic ring, and a signal at 83.49 (2H, s) was assigned to a methylene group. Thus, II was confirmed to be phydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-OH-PAA). Furthermore, the IR, UV, NMR spectra, the melting points and Rf values on a paper chro matogram were completely identical with those of authentic specimens. In paper chromatography using isopropanol ammonia-water (10: 1: 1, v/v) as an ascending solvent, the Rf values of PAA and p-OH-PAA were 0.60 and 0.39, respectively, being adjacent to IAA zone at 0.47. The results of biological activity tests with


A process for making Mulberry fruit wine is carried out by taking fresh Mulberry fruit as raw material, crushing, squeezing, adjusting juice ingredients, adding into activated pectin, clarifying, adding into activated dry yeast, controlling temperature, fermenting, mixing with wine, absinthium dipping wine and peppermint dipping wine proportionally and making into red and sweet nutritive Mulberry fruit wine with degree 10%. It's soft, has fragrant smell and it tastes good.


The invention provides a capacitive touch control display device having a noise shielding function. The capacitive touch control display device having the noise shielding function comprises a display panel and a capacitive touch control sensor. The capacitive touch control sensor is installed on the display panel and comprises a plurality of sensing lines, a plurality of driving lines, and a plurality of signal lines. The sensing lines are mutually spaced apart, and preferably parallel to the horizontal direction. The driving lines are mutually spaced apart, and preferably parallel to the vertical direction. The signal lines are at least installed between every two adjacent driving lines, thus an electric field wall is formed between each driving line and each adjacent signal line, so as to isolate the noise influence coming from the display panel.


The pyrrolidine-camphorsulfonamide-based catalyst 1 a catalyzes the enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of five equivalents of water in iPrOH to give the corresponding chiral Michael adducts in good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) with a catalyst loading as low as 1 mol%.


A collegial debate on robotic versus laparoscopic hysterectomy highlighted the difficulties in researching the efficacy of robotics and whether it had a place in gynecologic surgery.


Synopsis: The effects of micro-structures and molybdenum alloying on the low temperature toughness have been investigated in carbon-free 11%Ni0 to 4%Mo steels reheated below each Af temperature after double normalizing. In spite of very low content of C,N,P,S, and other impurities in these steels, temper embrittlement appeared in reheating or slow cooling in the range of 450•‹to 525•Ž. To inhibit this embrittlement the following two methods were shown effective. One was using substructures which had a small amount of fresh martensite and the other was alloying of 1% molybdenum. There was the optimum molybdenum content, because at higher contents age-hardening and solution hardening by this element became the enevitable cause of the low temperature brittleness. Further, it was concluded that the 1% molybdenum steel having a small amount of fresh martensite showed excellent properties in both strength at room temperature and toughness at -196•Ž. This steel is expected to have a good toughness also at temperatures below -196•Ž.


Simon Wright MP, is to launch the latest round of the Big Switch and Save Scheme in Norfolk at an event to be held on 14 August at the Costessey Centre, Longwater Lane.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharygeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Sixty-two patients with nasopharygeal carcinoma underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination.Sixteen of them received their first time examination and 46 had previous treatment.Another 14 patients with nasopharygeal inflammation were taken as control group.The examination was conducted before treatment or 6 weeks after treatment.The final diagnosis was determined by the results of pathological tests and the random follow-up.The follow-up was longer than 6 months.Results ① When nodular or massive hypermetabolism area in nasopharynx was detected in PET,the soft tissue mass or thickening was also detected in the same region in CT.The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in NPC were 93.8%,92.9.% and 93.3%.② For treated patients,13 of 24 cases that were positive in CT showed hypermetabolism in PET.Among them,8 cases were finally diagnosed as neoplasm residue/recurrence.Two of 22 patients without changing in CT show positive in PET,1 was diagnosed as neoplasm residue.③ Regional nodal involvement were detected in 43.8% and distant metastases to bone,lungs,liver and brain in 19.4%.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful modality for diagnosis and staging of NPC and has the potential to detect the neoplasm residual/recurrent.


Although there has been an unprecedented decline in traffic volume due to the COVID-19 crisis, robust growth in global demand for air transport services in the past means that air traffic is expected to recover in the long term. While capacity constraints are currently not a major topic at airports due to the extremely low levels of traffic, there is growing evidence to suggest that important nodes of the worldwide airport network will struggle to deal with capacity constraints after the recovery. The objectives of this research were therefore as follows: to elaborate long-term global passenger and flight volume scenarios in a post-COVID-19 world; to conduct an empirical and model-based analysis of the impact of limited airport capacity on the future development of air traffic in these scenarios; and to derive general strategies for mitigating capacity constraints at certain international airports. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to present a model-based scenario analysis of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the capacity situation for airports. Our results indicate that once the pandemic is over, the capacity crunch will remain on the airports' agenda for some time.


Preeclampsia associated hyponatraemia is a quite rare condition that cannot be separated from preeclampsia with severe features completely. This condition may be life-threatening for mothers and fetuses and is needed a multidisciplinary management. A 31-year-old primigravida was referred to our perinatology clinic at 28 weeks 4 days due to preeclampsia. She had nephrotic proteinuria and developed hypervolemic, hypoosmolar, chronic, severe hyponatremia. The pregnant was delivered at 29 weeks of gestation because of severe preeclampsia. The baby died in 48 hours postpartum and maternal hyponatremia improved spontaneously within 72 hours. Studies major on vasopressin about hyponatremia-complicated preeclampsia that its pathogenesis and management is still unclear. Studies that note the importance of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia support the theories and highlight the association of vasopressin and hyponatremia. It is known that the definite treatment is delivery. Maternal outcomes are good but neonatal outcomes are variable.


Most of people in Belawan Fishermen's Village area are still constrained by access roads that are feasible to go through in carrying out their activities. Limited funds and lack of equitable development and assistance from the surrounding communities to build decent roads such as concrete footpaths, make them survive using roads made of non-structural wooden planks. Road construction that is not in accordance with the standards of road construction on the seafront makes them have to repeatedly replace the wooden planks because it is easily weathered and not strong enough to withstand heavy loads. In this Community Service Program, concrete trails will be made with the aim of creating a long road life, so that the surrounding community has no difficulty with road access. The method that will be used in making concrete roads is adjusted to the technical standards of concrete roads. Roads made with certain concrete quality based on laboratory test results, the pile foundation used is the pipe foundation, while the dimensions of the concrete road floor are adjusted to the technical standards of the concrete road. Keyword: Belawan, concrete, construction, road, wood


There are proposed a method for using information of a station (1) of an information provider, a communication terminal (5), a control center (15) and the station (1) of the information provider, a terminal-independent query location information identifier of the station (1) of the allow information provider. The information of the information provider are thereby useful in the form of location information in a means of the communication terminal (5) application (10), in particular a navigation application, be usable. From the station (1) is queried to a location information associated with location information identifier to the central station (15). In the case of a query the location information by the communication terminal (5) at the station (1) the location information identifier of the station (1) to the communication terminal (5) is transmitted. transmitted to the control center (15) together with a retrieval of the associated location information is the received location information identifier and one of the means of the communication terminal (5) usable application (10) associated with the application identifier from the communication terminal (5). The associated one of the location information tag location information is a function of the application identifier of the central station (15) prepared such that they are suitable for the transmission to the communication terminal (5) of the application (10).


It was a new stage of drama when it came to Qing Dynasty.The main cause is the economical development.People need entertainment which was related to drama.


Blood vessels are the main anatomical structure of the fundus retina. Retinal blood vessel segmentation images have been widely used in the judgment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and retinal diseases. Therefore, appropriate fundus retinal blood vessel segmentation method is of great significance for the detection of retinal diseases. Based on U-Net, the original convolution structure in the encoding part is replaced by the Res-Se module, and the CBAM module is introduced in the skip connection part to achieve fine-grained feature fusion, thereby improving the network's ability to segment the subtle features of retinal vessels. Experiments on the CHASEDB1 dataset show that the proposed model has certain improvements in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity indicators. This model can more accurately segment retinal vessels and demonstrate better segmentation performance.


Firms selling goods whose quality level deteriorates over time often face difficult decisions when unsold inventory remains. Since the leftover product is often perceived to be of lower quality than the new product, carrying it over offers the firm a second selling opportunity, a product line extension to new and unsold units, and the ability to price discriminate. By doing so, however, the firm subjects sales of its new product to competition from the leftover product. We present a two period model that captures the effect of this competition on the firm's production and pricing decisions. We characterize the firm's optimal strategy and find conditions under which the firm is better off carrying all, some, or none of its leftover inventory. We also show that, compared to a firm that acts myopically in the first period, a firm that takes into account the effect of first period decisions on second period profits will price its new product higher and stock more of it in the first period. Thus, the benefit of having a second selling opportunity dominates the detrimental effect of cannibalizing sales of the second period new product.


High temperature prior to controlled freezing increased inner bark and xylem injury in twigs of both 'Siberian C' and 'Redhaven' peaches (Prunus persica (L) Batsch). 'Siberian C had a lower natural moisture content than 'Redhaven'. Artificially increasing moisture content did not affect xylem injury, but increased inner bark injury. Significant temperature by cultivar and moisture by cultivar interactions were found with inner bark. We concluded that the superior hardiness of 'Siberian C' was not due solely to its lower moisture content.


To explain the puzzling situation in the observed bulk flows on scales $\sim 150 h^{-1}$ Mpc ($H_0 = 100 h^{-1}$ km sec$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$), we consider the observational behavior of spherically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models, which consist of inner and outer homogeneous regions connected by a shell or an intermediate self-similar region. It is assumed that the present matter density parameter in the inner region is smaller than that in the outer region, and the present Hubble parameter in the inner region is larger than that in the outer region. Then galaxies in the inner void-like region can be seen to have a bulk motion relative to matter in the outer region, when we observe them at a point O deviated from the center C of the inner region. Their velocity $v_p$ in the CD direction is equal to the difference of two Hubble parameters multiplied by the distance between C and O. It is found also that the velocity $v_d$ corresponding to CMB dipole anisotropy observed at O is by a factor $\approx 10$ small compared with $v_p$. This behavior of $v_d$ and $v_p$ is consistent with the observed cosmic flow of cluster galaxies, when the radius of the inner region and the distance CD are about 200 $h^{-1}$ Mpc and 40 $h^{-1}$ Mpc, respectively, and when the gaps of density and Hubble parameters are $\approx 0.5$ and 18%, respectively. Moreover, the [m, z] relation in these models is discussed in connection with SNIa data.


Can natural language processing be used to predict the likelihood that a musician will commit or has committed suicide? In order to explore this idea, we built a corpus of songs that includes a development set, a training set, and a test set, all consisting of different lyricists. Various vocabulary and syntactic features were then calculated in order to create a suicide/nonsuicide song classifier. The features were input into the Weka machine learning suite and tested with an array of algorithms. We were able to achieve up to a 70.6% classification rate with the SimpleCart algorithm, a 12.8% increase over the majority-class baseline. Our findings suggest that syntactic and vocabulary features are useful indicators of the likelihood that a lyricist will commit or has committed suicide.


A high capacity NAND Flash memory storage system with open system architecture is proposed in this article,include design of hardware system and software system,and the management of storage of NAND Flash is described in particular in software system,achieving the purpose of bad block management and wear leveling by two steps of address map,recycling dirty block according to the number of dirty page and transfer the static information according to the time mark. This design could provide all kinds of storage device with NAND Flash storage system,and could storage data easily and quickly without regard to the physical character of NAND Flash.


According to the situation of the engineering and the measured settlement of soft ground under warehouse were presented.The reinforcement effect of starsol enbesol piles was discussed,and the key points of this technique were indicated also.The conclusions can be used as references for similar projects in the future.


We show that a continuous abelian action (in particular \begin{document}$\mathbb{R}^{d}$\end{document} ) on a compact metric space equipped with an invariant ergodic measure has discrete spectrum if and only it is \begin{document}$μ-$\end{document} mean equicontinuous (proven for \begin{document}$\mathbb{Z}^{d}$\end{document} in [ 14 ]). In order to do this we introduce mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity with respect to a function. We study this notion in the topological and measure theoretic setting. In the measure theoretic case we characterize almost periodic functions with these concepts and in the topological case we show that weakly almost periodic functions are mean equicontinuous (the converse does not hold). We compare our results with some results in the theory of Delone dynamical systems and quasicrystals.


Objective: To investigate the drugs utilization for senile dementia in the past 3 years in Shanghai and Huadong Hospital. Methods: Using defined daily dose(DDD),DDDs and costs,consumption volume of 20 drugs for dementia were arranged near 3 years in Shanghai. Results: During 3 years,the costs of it had increased largely; the increase of costs was larger than that of DDDs,DDDs had been decreasing in Shanghai during 2001. Conclusion: The trend of drugs utilization for senile dementia is increasing rapidly in Shanghai, particularly the one with high price,the one with medium price is used more frequently than others. That is the reason for the escalation of its expenditure. There is a close relation between the trend of drug consumption and medical insurance reformation.


The global financial crisis has led to an increasingly focused attention on excessive bank risk-taking. One of the consequences is that the role of internal governance mechanisms (such as the board of directors) in monitoring risk has come under greater scrutiny.
In this paper we examine the impact of board structure, ownership structure, risk governance mechanisms and other bank-specific factors on bank risk-taking for a sample of 72 publicly listed European banks. Using a simultaneous equations approach, our main findings indicate that the proportion of independent directors, board size and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power (or CEO authority) negatively affect bank risk-taking during the financial crisis. On the contrary, institutional shareholders positively influence bank risk-taking and both the existence of a risk committee and a Chief Risk Officer (CRO) who is a member of the board have no significant impact. The results remain unchanged when applying both three-stage least squares (3SLS) and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation methods as well as when all variables are winsorised.
Additionally, we extend our analysis for the period before the financial crisis (proxy for "stable" periods) to test whether the impact of governance mechanisms and other determinants of risk-taking depend on environmental conditions and we conclude that it is indeed sensitive to the economic context. In fact, we find that some of governance mechanisms are relevant in crisis conditions but not in non-crisis conditions and thus, their impact depends on macroeconomic conditions.


The influence of ground state correlations on the sum rules for M1, M3, and M5 excitation of N = 28 nuclei is investigated. When combined with use of a renormalized single-particle matrix element which takes into account effects of core polarization, isobars, and meson exchange currents, the calculations are able to account for the observed quenching as well as the centroid and width of M1 strength below 12 MeV in /sup 52/Cr.


Sialic acid is found in especially high concentrations in brain gangliosides, and supplementary sialic acid is associated with increased learning behaviour in animals. It was hypothesised that breast fed infants may have higher concentrations of sialic acid in body fluids and tissues because human milk is a rich source of sialylated oligosaccharides, while formulas contain very little. The aim therefore was to compare the sialic acid content of saliva collected from full term infants who were either solely breast fed or formula fed until weaning at 3–5 months of age. Thirty three infants, 18 breast fed and 15 formula fed, were studied at a mean (SD) age of 5 (2) months. The breast fed infants, when compared with formula fed infants, were found to have almost two times more free sialic acid in saliva (mean (SE) 16.0 (2.7) v 8.2 (2.1) mg/l, p < 0.036) and nearly 50% more total sialic acid (47.3 (3.9)v 32.2 (4.4) mg/l, p<0.014). The findings provide a preliminary indication that an exogenous source of sialic acids derived from human milk may contribute to higher concentrations of sialic acid in body fluids. There are important implications for the formulation of human milk substitutes. Key messages Sialic acid is found in especially high concentrations in the gangliosides of the cerebral cortex of the human brain Human milk contains significant amounts of sialic acid but infant formulas contain very little In rats, supplementary sialic acid has been shown to increase learning and the concentration of sialic acid in brain gangliosides In this study, breast fed infants, compared with formula fed infants, were found to have higher concentrations of sialic acid in saliva An exogenous source of sialic acids derived from human milk may contribute to higher concentrations of sialic acid in other body fluids, including brain gangliosides


The present invention relates to a method for preparing 2 times a day in a controlled release oxycodone hydrochloride formulation and melt granulated. Which comprises administering to a patient an oral solid controlled release dosage 10mg to 40mg, at 2 to 4.5 hours after administration of the formulation to give an average maximum plasma concentration of 6 to 60mg / mL, repeated administration every 12 hours to achieve steady state. The novel modified release oral formulation having variable characteristics can be achieved immediate-release oxycodone hydrochloride delayed release characteristic to obtain a stable blood concentration; to reduce the number of doses, to improve the medication compliance of patients; reduce gastrointestinal side effects, improving drug safety.


In this study, the biochemical activities of nonviscous and viscous yoghurt starter cultures were investigated. Yoghurt samples produced with nonviscous and viscous cultures, and viscous cultures + methionine (10 and 30 mg/100 mL milk), + threonine (5 and 10 mg/100 mL milk), + β-galactosidase (1 mg/100 mL milk), and with a heat-shocked culture were analysed. In the experimental yoghurts, the pH, titratable acidity, lactic acid, tyrosine and acetaldehyde contents and the number of total starter organisms were determined. According to the results obtained, the samples produced with the viscous culture had the lowest acetaldehyde levels, whereas the highest acetaldehyde level was found in the samples manufactured with the nonviscous culture. Compared with the samples inoculated with the viscous culture alone, the amino acid supplementation, lactose hydrolysis and heat-shock treatments caused a significant increase in the level of acetaldehyde.


GNE myopathy is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the GNE gene that encodes for the bifunctional enzyme, uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase. Typical characteristics of GNE myopathy include progressive myopathy, first involving anterior tibialis muscle and sparing the quadriceps, and rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy. Identifying biallelic mutations by sequencing of the GNE gene confirms the diagnosis of GNE myopathy. In a subset of patients, diagnostic confirmation is challenged by the identification of mutations in only one allele, suggesting mutations in deep intronic regions or regulatory regions.


Abstract : The activity of the phosphatase is found in correlative proportions with the content of agglutinins in the blood of the patients with typhoid fever. The highest figures for the activity of the phosphatase were found in the patients with a low titer of agglutinins in the blood; the lower figures were in the patients with a high content of agglutinins.


Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to assess the acceptability, relevance, and effectiveness of a patient acuity tool (PAT) among part-time and full-time RNs. Methods: A pre- and post-test intervention was used to evaluate a PAT among part-time and full-time RNs on a 28-bed telemetry unit at a Magnet®-designated hospital. An eight-item PAT questionnaire measured nurse acceptability. Relevance was evaluated using the RN Opinion of Relevance of Concepts of the PAT Questionnaire, and effectiveness was evaluated using the RN Opinion of Effectiveness of the PAT Questionnaire. Results: A total of 22/33 (66.6%) RNs participated and completed the PAT questionnaire that measured nurse acceptability of the PAT assessment process. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between two out of eight variables pre-post intervention; "the way we currently evaluate patient acuity assists the charge nurse in making nurse-patient assignments" (t 3.070, df 22, P = .006), "the way we currently evaluate patient acuity is an accurate assessment of acuity" (t 2.390, df 22, P = .026). Conclusion: Acuity tools should be specific for a nursing unit and adapt to staffing and patient needs, which can include a change in a patient's condition, unexpected discharges and/or admissions, and psychosocial components. This study aimed to assess the acceptability, relevance, and effectiveness of a patient acuity tool (PAT) among part-time and full-time RNs.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation usually involves two crucial issues: suitable speckle noise removing technique and effective image segmentation methodology. Here, an efficient SAR image segmentation method considering both of the two aspects is presented. As for the first issue, the famous nonlocal mean (NLM) filter is introduced in this study to suppress the multiplicative speckle noise in SAR image. Furthermore, to achieve a higher denoising accuracy, the local neighboring pixels in the searching window are projected into a lower dimensional subspace by principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the nonlocal mean filter is implemented in the subspace. Afterwards, a multi-objective clustering algorithm is proposed using the principals of artificial immune system (AIS) and kernel-induced distance measures. The multi-objective clustering has been shown to discover the data distribution with different characteristics and the kernel methods can improve its robustness to noise and outliers. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is able to partition the SAR image robustly and accurately than the conventional approaches.


The brushite—fluoroapatite transformation reaction has been examined in 10−1 M solutions of NaF, KF, RbF, CsF and NH4F at room temperature. The nature of the alkali metal ion has no effect on the fluoride-diffusion-controlled reaction, although the incorporation of the cation into the apatite structure is dependent the nature of the alkali metal cation.


The present new digenetic trematode parasite, Orientocreadium striatusaen sp. was collected from freshwater fish, Channa striatus at Paithan, Aurangabad district, M.S., India. The present new species, Orientocreadium striatusae differs from known species of genus Orientocreadium in having distinctive characters such as shape and size of body; arrangement, shape and size of suckers, reproductive organs and vitellaria.


The frequent troubles in operation of EEP W type furnace were technically analyzed with production practice.The practical measures to solve the problems were put forward.They were verified by practice and their application spreads over EPP now.


The influence of gamma radiation on the properties of coatings from polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, acetate, and chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylbutyral, methyl polymethacrylate, chlorinated rubber, cyclized rubber, polyurethan, silicone, and epoxy resins, as well as copolymers of styrene with acrylic acid. vinyl chloride and vinylidene, vinyl chloride and isobutyl ether of vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride and acetate, vinyl chloride, acetate and maleic ester, and vinyl chloride with acetate and maleic acid. It was observed that the changes of the properties of coatings after irradiation depend on their chemical structure. The correctness of the Miller principle was not confirmed in relation to film forming polymers. (auth)


While agreeing that the Affordable Care Act is a step forward, these leaders have varying views on the difficult work that remains.


High-spin states in the mass A~60 region were populated using the state-of-art gamma-ray spectrometers Gammasphere, Euroball, and GASP in conjunction with dedicated ancillary detectors. In particular, the 59Cu nucleus was studied in several experiments, and a very extensive level scheme was determined. It comprises more than 320 transitions connecting about 150 excited states. Relative to mass, it is the most extensive level scheme known to date. Next to the spherical states at low excitation energy eight regular sequences of high-energy gamma-ray transitions have been observed. They form rotational bands with various degree of deformation, which are interpreted in the light of the shell model and the configuration-dependent Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach. One of the experiments was dedicated to the study of prompt particle decays. It revealed five prompt proton decays connecting five deformed states in three of the rotational bands in 59Cu with three spherical states in the daughter nucleus 58Ni. It is the first observation of the fine structure of the newly discovered prompt proton decay mode. The proton decays compete with the gamma decay-out from the second minimum of the nuclear potential into the low-spin spherical states in the first minimum of the potential. The discrete gamma decay-out mechanism of the yrast superdeformed band is investigated in detail. The nucleus 59Zn, the mirror partner of 59Cu, was identified for the first time, and the mirror symmetry of the T=1/2 A=59 pair is discussed. (Less)


Distributor of the flow of liquid descending through the elongated mass transfer columns in the vertical direction, the mass transfer column using the same, and a method of processing a fluid stream in a mass transfer column is provided. Flow distributor includes a central distribution member for delivering a liquid to a plurality of side arm members extending outwardly, then, a plurality of side arm members, the plurality of distribution which is located below the elongate side members for supplying the liquid in the trough. Long name side member Nitaishite real target two right angles Matawa real target two parallel two-point ancient city moth can be distributed trough tooth, own Roh middle two placed another fill material Roh layer wo contain. Such distributor vapor - liquid or liquid - result of using in liquid column, more uniform horizontal distribution of the liquid across the diameter of the column is obtained. .The


Abstract What will an appreciation of the Chinese currency do to China's direct investment? The discussion so far has been almost exclusively about the impact on China's trade balance. This article argues that it is at least as important to see what effect it may have on the country's inward foreign direct investment, which plays such a crucial role in China's economic development, and its outward FDI, which is receiving increased attention worldwide.


Abstract In Iceland, outpatient physical therapy (OPT) is traditionally not focused on older clients. Yet, the Icelandic population is aging as other populations in the world, and national policies endorse aging in place. The objective of this study was to explore 17 years of demographic information on OPT clients and to identify if this information reflects the total population aging. The research was built on 17 years (1999-2015) of complete data from: the Icelandic Health Insurances register with information on the total population of OPT clients (N=172071), and the Statistics Iceland register with demographic information on the total general population. The results revealed that in 1999, older adults comprised 18.3% of all OPT clients, and in 2015 it had increased to 23.5% Therefore, OPTs were 23% more likely to treat an older adult in 2015, compared to 1999 (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.23; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.19-1.27). In the same time period older people became 15% more prevalent in the general population (RR 1.15; 95%CI 1.10-1.21). Linear modelling revealed a yearly 3.45% (95%CI 3.05-3.85) increase from 1999 to 2015 in the overall proportion of older OPT clients. This yearly trend, however, varied depending on age group and sex with the highest yearly increase in the ≥ 85 years old men (9.1%; 95%CI 7.90-10.35). This case of Iceland presents 17 years of continuous growth in older adults seeking OPT service. These findings reinforce an urgent need to enhance the geriatric competence of OPTs, who in their clinical practice frequently encounter older adults.


The present disclosure relates to a data storage system comprising a RAID sub-system having a first type and second type RAID storage. Virtual volume to accept I / O is stored in the first type RAID storage, a snapshot of the virtual volume is stored in the second type RAID storage. The method includes the steps of providing an active volume to accept I / O, and generating a snapshot of Read only the volume. In embodiments, the active volume is converted to the snapshot. Active volume includes a first type RAID storage, snapshot includes a second type RAID storage. The first type RAID storage is small penalty write from the second type RAID storage. In an embodiment, the first type RAID storage includes RAID10 storage, second type RAID storage comprises RAID5 / RAID6 storage.


User experience remains a crucial consideration when assessing the successfulness of information visualization systems. The theory of affordances provides a robust framework for user experience design. In this article, we demonstrate a design case that employs an affordance-based framework and evaluate the information visualization display design. SolarWheels is an interactive information visualization designed for large display walls in computer network control rooms to help cybersecurity analysts become aware of network status and emerging issues. Given the critical nature of this context, the status and performance of a computer network must be precisely monitored and remedied in real time. In this study, we consider various aspects of affordances in order to amplify the user experience via visualization and interaction design. SolarWheels visualizes the multilayer multidimensional computer network issues with a series of integrated circular visualizations inspired by the metaphor of the solar system. To amplify user interaction and experience, the system provides a three-zone physical interaction that allows multiple users to interact with the system. Users can read details at different levels depending on their distance from the display. An expert evaluation study, based on a four-layer affordance framework, was conducted to assess and improve the interactive visualization design.


The jetty is a unique floating structure providing weapons handling facilities within a covered berth for the Vanguars class of Trident submarines. With a displacement of about 85 000 t, it is one of the largest floating concrete structures in the world. The paper describes the development of the jetty concept, including the reasons for choosing a floating structure, the jetty structure, the design philosophy and the tender process. A second paper describes the construction, tow and commissioning of the jetty.


For structural and machine components in service at high temperature and pressure,creep life assessment is a major concern because of safety and economic reasons.In order to solve the problem,a new energy model for creep life prediction is derived from laws of entropy conservation and energy conservation.The work of creep defined as Wc = σe is found to vary with time t and temperature T(in particular Wc t p = B,where p and B are constants).This function moreover,owing to its simple expression,it is very easy to use this model to predict the creep life.To check the validity of the new model,the published data of 2.25Cr-1Mo and 1Cr-0.5Mo steel have been studied and analysed.A good coincident is noted between the model and the results.The new method can be used for long creep life to require extrapolation of shorter time test results.


Basal phenotype breast cancer is one of the most aggressive breast cancers that frequently metastasize to brain. The role of sex hormones and their receptors in development of this disease is largely unclear. We demonstrated that mPR 𝛼 was expressed at a moderate level in a brain metastatic BPBC cell line MB231Br, which was derived from the parent mPR 𝛼 undetectable MB231 cells. It functionedasanessentialmediatorforprogesteroneinducedinhibitoryeffectsoncellmigrationofMB231Brand,whencoincubatedwithPP1,synergisticallyenhancedtheprogesterone'sinhibitoryeffectoncellmigrationandinvasion in vitro . Progesterone and PP1 cotreatment induced a cascade of molecular signaling events, such as dephosphorylation of FAK, downregulation of MMP9, VEGF, and KCNMA1 expressions. Our in vitro study demonstrated that mPR 𝛼 was expressed and functioned as an essential mediator for progesterone induced inhibitory effects on cell migration and invasion in BPBC cells. This inhibitory effect was enhanced by PP1 via FAK dephosphorylation, MMP9, VEGF, and KCNMA1 downregulation mechanisms. Our study provides a new clue toward the development of novel promising agents and pathways for inhibiting nuclear hormonal receptor-negative and endocrine-resistant breast cancers.


What's in a name? What we're doing is Estimating Energy. And every school‐boy knows at least two things about energy: that it is conserved, and that it is interconvertible. The first law of thermo‐dynamics, as enunciated by Flanders and Swann, sets this out very plainly: 'Heat is Work and Work is Heat'.


Electricity markets tend to be prone to the exercise of market power. Chapter 15 defines market power, shows how it is exercised in electricity markets and discusses its consequences for the efficiency of the market. The chapter starts with a definition of market power, distinguishes possessing and exercising market power and then discusses why electricity markets tend to be prone to the exercise of market power. The notion of the price-volume trade-off is introduced and the factors which affect the incentive to exercise that trade-off. The chapter explores the bidding behaviour of generators exercising market power, distinguishing economic and physical withholding. The factors which affect the incentive to exercise market power are discussed including the shape of the residual demand curve, the level of demand, the hedge position of the generator and vertical integration. A distinction is drawn between the impact of short-term and long-term hedge products. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the economic consequences of the exercise of market power and a discussion of whether or not market power is necessary to achieve efficient levels of generation investment.


Wnt-5a has been shown to influence the metastatic behavior of human breast cancer cells, and the loss of Wnt-5a expression is associated with metastatic disease. We show here that NFAT1, a transcription factor connected with breast cancer metastasis, is activated by Wnt-5a through a Ca 2 (cid:1) signaling pathway in human breast epithelial cells. This activation was simultaneously counteracted by a Wnt-5a-induced Yes/Cdc42 signaling pathway. The observation that inhibition of the Wnt-5a/Yes/Cdc42 signal prolonged the duration of ionomycin-induced NFAT1 activation revealed the general importance of this pathway. The Wnt-5a-induced inhibition of NFAT1 did not require glycogen synthase kinase 3 (cid:2) , JNK, or Pak1 activity or modulation of the cytoskeleton. Instead, we observed that Wnt-5a induced a complex formation of NFAT1/casein kinase 1 (cid:3) , even upon treatment with ionomycin, which was blocked upon inhibition of the Wnt-5a/Yes/Cdc42 signaling path- way. Our results explain why Wnt-5a/Ca 2 (cid:1) -induced NFAT activity is hard to detect and suggest a novel mechanism by which Wnt-5a can suppress tumor-specific,


It is well known among healthcare professionals that the four countries of the UK have an ageing population. This is a fact that, belatedly, the main political parties in the election campaign are now rapidly waking up to.


In the 1880s, the trustees of Columbia University in New York City rejected women's demand for admission to study alongside undergraduate men at Columbia. Despite the substantial and much needed ®nancial bene®ts that would come from accepting tuition-paying female students, the Columbia trustees ®rmly rejected coeducation, believing that Columbia's historic mission of educating the future leaders of society excluded women. 1 As an alternative to coeducation, Columbia was willing to accommodate women students separately, following the precedent set by Harvard University with Radcli€ e and Cambridge University with Girton. Funded entirely by women and their supporters, as the Columbia trustees required, a female coordinate, Barnard College, was established in 1889. 2


The procedures for performing harmonic studies are becoming more important to distribution engineering as more harmonic-producing loads are added to distribution feeders. This paper summarizes the methodology used to perform these studies and describes some of the tools used in the analysis. A typical example illustrates the methodology for a feeder that has a telephone interference problem.


Biomass pyrolysis produces hundreds of compounds through an intermediate fluid phase. It is not yet understood how the network of biomass polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin) gives rise to this intermediate "soft" network and how volatiles are ejected from this "metaplast" and then transported within the pores. To understand such mechanisms, it is needed to develop analytical methods for analyzing heavy species (eg. cellulose or hemicelluloses oligomers) which are ejected and condensed in bio-oils or extractables by water after a quench of biomass particles. Several HPLC methods were developed the past years and the most common ones are based on Ion Chromatography such as HPAEC-PAD (High Pressure Anion Exchange Chromatography coupled to a Pulsed Amperometric Detector). The lack of specificity in detection for this method was recently overcome by Yu et al. (Curtin Univ.). HPAED-PAD-MS coupling was developed to quantify liquid products from cellulose decomposition. However, due to a high salt content, an in-line desalter has to be used for mass spectrometry leading to a loss of information. Another way to overcome this problem is to use Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) especially because of its non-chemical selectivity, thus all type water-soluble content can be analyzed in addition to a high molecular mass limit (up to 4000 Da). Levoglucosan and DPs=2 to 5 polysaccharides were analyzed by both SEC-Evaporative Light Selective Detector (ELSD) combined by Electro Spray Ionisation (ESI)-Mass Spectrometry (MS), in order to compare accuracy in quantification between mass spectrometry ion signals and ELSD's signals. Ultimately, SEC has allowed a good separation of major cellulose oligomers and highly reproducible signals were observed with both detection techniques. Furthermore, this method is then applied to quantify carbohydrates pyrolysis products extracted by water from biomass particles after a quench at different temperatures. New major heavy intermediate species are revealed.


Present study describes the isolation of three organo-sulfur tolerant microbial strains designated NA-1, NA-2 and OF-SD (isolated at pH 7) from samples of Assam (India) coal mines. NA-1, NA-2 and OF-SD were tested positive for utilization of ~100mM thiophene and ~50 mM each of phenyl disulphide and dibenzothiophene in presence of media with extremely good growth pattern (generation time). Of the three strains, OF-SD characterized as Bacillus thuringiensis by >1200bp 16S ribosomal RNA partial gene sequencing was having an excellent generation time of 0.6h. These bacterial isolates are now tested for their ability to degrade the sulfur inclusions in coal, which will be further beneficial for industrial aspects.


Although the main objective of utilizing gas detection systems is risk reduction by detecting high risk scenarios, majority of published placement procedures do not address risk concept quantitatively. To include this concept, a risk based methodology is proposed which consists of four key steps: Input Data, Dispersion Analysis, Risk Analysis and Optimization. In the first step, a set of release scenarios are defined and required data including frequency of release, wind rose and grid set are provided. In dispersion analysis step, the set of scenarios are simulated using a dispersion simulation tool and the ability of grid points to detect any scenario is stored in a binary matrix called detection matrix. In risk analysis, the risk of each scenario is calculated incorporating these factors: frequency, damage to personnel, asset loss and probability of delayed ignition. Once the detection matrix and risk of scenarios are provided, at last step optimal placement is performed using a risk-based objective function which is defined as the sum of the risk of undetected scenarios. The optimization formulation called MRR (Maximum Risk Reduction) is solved by a greedy approach called Dynamic Programming in which the location of detectors are determined via an iterative procedure: each time finding the grid point that can cover maximum undetected risk. The applicability of the methodology is shown in a case study and the results are compared with a coverage based formulation.


This paper explains the rationale and describes the characteristics of cost sharing arrangements in rural developing economies, focusing on the risk and incentive properties of alternative cost contracts and on their flexibility—their ability to adapt to environmental changes. It is shown that where labor inputs are difficult to monitor, the rule that cost shares and output shares be equalized will not hold and is not "constrained pareto efficient," and that cost-sharing contracts have a decided advantage over contracts which specify the level of inputs whenever there are asymmetries of information regarding production technology between the landlord and the tenant.


This study will explore the feasibility of TanDEM-X interferometric observations in tidal flats. The bi- and monostatic modes of TanDEM-X give us the great possibility for interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique to generate highly accurate intertidal DEM due to no time lag (bistatic case) or approximately 10-second temporal baseline (monostatic case) between master and slave SAR image acquisitions. The TanDEM-X DEM in tidal flats will be validated against RTK-GPS measurements and topographic information measured from UAV system.


In music industry, purchasing of digital music has been popular lately. This online music platforms make music artists to upload their piece of work and their fans will purchase the songs. When purchasing songs, some people may face problems like not secured way or non-transparency of currency and data transaction. The transparency of currency and data files are not there in most of the platforms, it will make doubt the users about the transactions. Also, People frequently change their music listening behaviors. Which scales by the genres, artist, or specific tracks. When someone wants to find a song which was heard for the first time, he/she would not be able to remember the song at once. If the song is in other language it is difficult to find that because less knowledge of that language. If that language of the song can be translated to English language. But what if they remember nothing of the song or singer but know how to sing or hum a part of that song. And also when a person is singing or humming there are some situations lead to errors such as not in the right pitch, background noise.


Over the past few years, the most stunning U.S. foreign policy initiative is the launching of Pacific Pivot or "Rebalancing" towards Asia-Pacific. The primary goal of this policy is to strengthen America's political, economic, and military presence in the region owing to China is the rising superpower in Asia. Consequently, the Pivot policy seems to be contradictory for Chinese interests. Although President Barack Obama refused the attempt of resisting Chinese interests by this policy, China and most of the foreign policy experts are skeptical about the President's statement. Thus, the policy speaks a new era of U.S.-China rivalry in international politics. This rivalry will expand upon the inclusion of other Asian powers such as Japan, South Korea, and India. In addition, the policy carries large significance for weak power such as Bangladesh. This essay analyzes the Pacific Pivot including the reasons for adopting it, and how it is different from the policy of previous administration. Also, it analyzes the possible implication of the policy on Asia-Pacific region. This article argues that the policy will establish strong domination of the U.S. in Asia-Pacific that will contain Chinese influence over the region. Consequently, conflict will escalate into Asia, and weak economies of the region may lose their sovereignty over American influence.