The presented article is devoted to the study of the structure of society and the relationship of various ethnic and social groups in Kenya during the era of colonialism. There are four main centers of power - European colonists, missionaries, immigrants from South Asia and the local African population. The main lines of contradictions between them are traced, common interests and conflict zones are outlined in the conditions of the dominant importance of the metropolis, which plays the role of an arbitrator. Particular attention is paid to the channels of arrival in Kenya, the dynamics of growth in the number and socio-political weight of Europeans and Indians, their main claims against each other, resources of influence, methods of achieving goals and defending their positions are analyzed. With the unconditional political domination of immigrants from Europe, the British authorities were forced to recognize the huge contribution of Indian capital to the development of the local economy, to attract Africans to serve in law enforcement and the armed forces, and rely on local resources to cover the needs of the colony during the years of economic crises and World War II. The rise of Indian nationalism contributed to the strengthening of anti-colonial sentiments in Kenya and the consolidation of part of the African and South Asian elite in the simpler struggle for independence. Missionary organizations made a significant contribution to the spread of education and medicine among the indigenous people, gave impetus to the development of their own Christian churches in the region, but undermined the confidence of Africans in themselves, taking an irreconcilable position in relation to some local customs and traditions. Colonial Kenyan society was highly segregated, although the apartheid regime did not officially exist there. In the early years of Kenya's independence, the frictions and contradictions that had been smoothed out earlier by London made themselves felt with renewed vigor, which provoked the emigration of people of Indian and European descent from the country.


The RF accelerating cavity for the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) injector booster utilizes a single gap and is filled with ferrite to allow permeability tuning.


In a calculation of demonstrative type collective, laser-like behavior of low energy nuclear fusion reaction of deuterons in crystalline environment is investigated. It is found that the reported extra 4 He production can be appropriately described with a model well known in quantum electronics in which the quantized boson ( 4 He) field interacts with an ensemble of two-level systems in a crystal resonator. The estimated life times of the two levels indicate that population inversion may be achieved. Thresholds of the deuteron number of the sample and of the electric current density of the pumping electrolysis are estimated in the calculation by analyzing the gain parameter and some other characteristics of the process. An explanation for the experimentally observed threshold behavior of the electric current density is given. A loss of a special type, that is the degenerate parametric amplifier mechanism, is suggested to be responsible for the difference between the expected and observed energies of the outgoing charged particles.


Objective to study the relationship of HSP70 expression and c fos?PCNA expression in breast cancer.Methods Immunohistochemical S P methods was used to detect the expression of HSP70?c fos?PCNA in 66 cases of breast cancer.Results the positive rate of HSP70 in breast cancer was 71%(47/66).The positive rate of c fos was 56%(37/66) and PCNA positive rate was 65%(43/66).There was correlativity between the positive grades of HSP70 and c fos( P 0.01).The positive grades of HSP70 and PCNA were closely correlated with each other( P 0.01).Conclusion In breast cancer,there are correlativity between the expression of HSP70 and c fos.HS70 may play some role in cell proliferation.


Pinus-Quercus forests are ecosystems of great ecological importance. Structure and composition are indicators of biodiversity in these forest associations, being two key elements for their stability and conservation. The objective of this study was to characterize a Pinus-Quercus forest based con the structural parameters and species composition present in the arboreal stratum in the municipality of El Porvenir , Chiapas . Six 400 m 2 circular sites were established to evaluate the adult trees and their dasometric variables (total height, normal diameter and cover). The structural parameters of the forest (density, dominance, basal area and cover) were used to calculate the indexes of Importance Value, forest value, Holdrige complexity index and similarity index. The results showed the presence of six species; Pinus maximinoi exhibited a mean height of 18.88±6.72 m ( p <0.0001, F = 5.46), which is greater than that of other species. In addition, it has the highest normal diameter (30.58±13.64 cm, p <0.0002, F =5.18), Importance Value (161.07 %) and forest value (108.08 %). The Holdrige complexity index of the forest is 45.22 %. The results obtained made it possible to identify the dimensions, structural parameters, and dominance of the species, with Pinus maximinoi being the most valuable. Velázquez: conceptualization and organization of the research, field work, database integration and writing of the manuscript; Aguirre-Cadena: writing of the manuscript, database integration and statistical analysis. Pablo Marroquín Morales: elaboration of graphs, map and documentary references; Alfredo Isaac Brindis-Santos and Humberto Osorio Espinoza: adjustments in the discussion of results, critical review of the document, contribution of comments and bibliographic review. All authors participated in the general revision and final corrections of the manuscript.


Inthispaper,we analyze theperformance,iswithout fixed boundaries. Asaresult, theboundary that security andattack aspects ofcryptographic techniquesseparates theinside network fromtheoutside worldbecomes andalsoinvestigate theperformance-security tradeoff for blurred. A malicious attacker canreadily becomearouter and mobileadhocnetworks. We propose KK' cryptographic disrupt network operations byintentionally disobeying the technique andanalyze thedominantissues ofsecurity,protocol specifications (11).Mainly, thedifficulties of attack andvarious information theorycharacteristics of dealing withsecurity issues inanadhocnetwork comefrom cipher textsforDES,Substitution andproposed KK' thekeymanagement andtrust relationship management. cryptographic technique. Itisfoundthatthesecurity and Thesecharacteristics place anewdemandonsecure adhoc information theorycharacteristics of proposedKK' networks. Cryptographic andDES algorithms ismuchbetter then Insuchnetworks severevulnerabilities come fromthe substitution algorithm. Theperformance packetdeliverypoorphysical security ofthemobile nodes, forexample, theft fraction forKK' andsubstitution algorithms ismuch ofnodes, whichcan becompromised or tampered (3). better thanDES algorithm. The end-to-end delayfor Furthermore, duetolimited battery power, amobile nodeis normalAODV protocol isveryless, forsubstitution and limited bythecomputational power, which meansifasecurity KK'algorithms itismoderate andforDESalgorithm itis mechanism causesmuchcomputation we cannot useit.The quite high. Thesecurity aspect forKK'algorithm isalmost f o i f flowofinformation froma sourcetoadestination could be equal toDESandnetwork performance isalmost equalto attacked. Thefollowing categories point outthegeneric types substitution algorithm. Finally, we benchmarkproposedofattack behaviors andthesecurity targets fromanangle by KK' cryptographic algorithms insearchforthebetter looking atthetransmitted information areInterception, cryptographic algorithm forsecurity inMANET. Fabrication, Modification andInterruption. Computer network andinformation security hasthree aspects: security attacks, Keywords~ ~ -'takAayi, rporpy K security goals, andsecurity mechanisms. Theobjective ofthe Cryptography, Performance Evaluation, MobileAdhoc seuiygas'n euiymcaim.Teojcieo h security service istoachieve confidentiality, authentication,


This work presents a design and implementation of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiple access passive optical network (CO-OFDMA-PON) using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The IFFT size of 1024 is considered. The core computation is forward FFT processing. The tested hardware consists of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with the sampling rate of 500 Msps and the FPGA form Xilinx ML605 evaluation board. The FPGA is the key computation. For the IFFT calculation topology, the Radix-4 with 4 parallel processing units is employed. As a result, 16 inputs are calculated at the same time. By employing parallel processing, the internal FPGA clock is reduced to only 31.25 MHz (=500/16 MHz). Additionally, in this work, 256-QAM is perfectly adopted. Consequently, the net speed up to 3.98 Gbps throughput can be achieved. The hardware resources usage is.


Using the capabilities of the dynamic ergodic divertor in the limiter tokamak TEXTOR, we have experimentally investigated the hydrogen recycling in a complex, three-dimensional, helical divertor structure similar to divertor structures found in stellarators. The observations were then compared with results from modelling with the three-dimensional transport code EMC3-EIRENE. The measurements showed that the recycling flux at the divertor target increases linearly with increasing plasma density, a high recycling regime is not observed. At highest plasma densities before the density limit disruption, the formation of a poloidally structured and helically inclined radiating belt, a helical divertor MARFE, is observed. The radial penetration depth of the neutral hydrogen particles (λn ≈ 3 cm) estimated from spectroscopic measurements was found to be often larger than the varying radial extent of the scrape-off layer of the helical divertor (few mm up to 6 cm) which points to convective heat transport reducing parallel temperature gradients and inhibiting flux amplification. The detailed comparison of the experimental observations and the modelling results showed agreement in this high density behaviour confirming the absence of a high recycling regime. Also agreement in the absolute values of the calculated and measured target particle fluxes was observed. Simulations using different cross-field transport coefficients showed, that this agreement is only found above a certain level of cross-field transport (D⊥ = 1 m2 s−1).


The properties of a forged powder-metallurgical preform depend on all stages of manufacture from powder production to the heat-treatment of the finished forging. Special reference is made to the effects of process variables on mechanical and metallurgical properties.


Large-scale loose sediment is the main geological hazard which should be treated at Fengjie,Wushan and Badong counties in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Ground anchorage is one of the treatment method.In this paper the geological property of large-scale loose sediment and the mechanism of wholly grouted anchor are studied.The application of wholly grouted anchor in the treatment of a large-scale loose sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is presented to show that the grouted anchors not only increase the sliding friction of the slope body,but also improve the constructive property of the slope body by sewing the loose party of slope through the friction distributing along the whole bar.The results indicate that the sliding stability of large-scale loose sediment can be greatly improved by using wholly grouted anchor.


Accumulating experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that smoking is a central factor in many pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to determine if total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is related with serum Imonoglobin E (IgE) in cigarette smokers. For this purpose, serum IgE and TAC were measured after an overnight fast in adult males (n=30, age 41±4 yrs, body weight 89±4.9 Kg) with a history cigarette smoking at least for 3 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between them. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Data showed a significant negative correlation serum IgE with TAC in studied subjects (P=0.011). These findings suggest that antioxidant system can be affect by IgE as an allergic agent in smokers.


The construction and operation of a steady‐state toroidal plasma device are described. The toroidal plasma can be maintained without any rotational transform and the plasma quality is significantly better than that in linear devices. It opens up new areas for basic plasma physics research. Examples of experiments on wave propagation, heating, and current generation are presented.


During the flow of high molecular weight, narrow-, and broad-distribution polybutadienes and polyisoprenes rheo-optical measurements were conducted of extensional stresses acting along the flow axis in the preentrance and entrance regions of the duct and of their subsequent relaxation in the duct. The extensional stresses increase in the preentrance region, reach their maximum values at a distance of two or three tenths of the duct width from its edges, and then relax. The position of the maximum extensional stress is independent of polymer characteristics, shear stresses in the duct, and shape of the entrance and dimensions of the rectangular duct. The dependence of the maximum extensional stress on the shear stress of the duct wall can be assumed to be linear for small values. The length of the stress relaxation zone depends on the shear stress at the duct wall and the molecular mass distribution. It is independent of the molecular masses in narrow-distribution polymers. For the polymers investigated, a generalized dependence was obtained for the reduced duct length over which the extensional stresses relax to zero from the reduced deformation rate. This dependence takes into account the characteristic polymer relaxation times and the value of the molecular mass of the chain between the fluctuation entanglement. A considerable decrease in the duct's length-to-width ratio leads to an increase in the maximum values of the extensional stresses. A decreases in the duct entrance angle causes a reduction in the rate of increase of extensional stresses, the maximum values, and the acceleration of the relaxation processes in the duct. A decrease in the ratio of the width of the preentrance region to the duct width leads to a reduction in the maximum in extensional stresses. It is shown that one of the causes for the instability of the polymer flow in the ducts can be the rupture of polymers due to their extension in the preentrance and entrance regions. Calculations were done that describe satisfactorily the relationship between the values of the maximum extensional stresses and the shear rate and stresses on the duct wall.


Yulekenhalasu copper deposit is a medium-sized porphyry deposit found in recent years in Kalaxiange'er porphyry copper metallogenic belt in northtern Junggar area.Study on its geochronology will help further set up metallogenic model and summarize regional ore-forming pattern.Mang intrusive rocks are exposed in the ore district.The Cu mineralized mainly occurs in the diorite porphyry with subordinate porphyroid biotite quartz monzonite and volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic rocks of Beitashan Formation.This paper studies geochronology of intrusive rocks and mineralization using zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os method.Based on our and other people data,magma intrusion events in the Yulekenhalasu ore district can be divided into five stages:Quartz diorite invading at 382Ma,ore-bearing diorite porphyry forming at 379Ma,porphyroid biotite quartz monzonite forming at 375 to 374Ma,biotite quartz porphyry invading at 348Ma,and quartz monzonite porphyry forming at 266Ma.Three stages before are formed during the subduction of plate,and other stages corresponds to a period of postcollision during Late Paleozoic.Seven samples of molybaenite Re-Os isochron age is 373.9±2.2Ma,suggesting the Cu-Mo mineralization occurred in the Late Middle Devonian,and relating to the diorite porphyry.


: Aiming AODVjr existing zigbee routing algorithm used in the network node energy consumption leads to low energy loss problems quickly, this article from the node to start binding energy clustering mechanism AODVjr propose an improved algorithm by the route selection process according to the current node energy to avoid its lower energy node clustering, and high energy to strike the optimal routing path node. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the total energy consumption and the number of deaths zigbee network nodes and prolong the life cycle of zigbee network.


Cavity flows are a prevalent phenomenon in aerospace engineering, known for their intricate structures and substantial pressure fluctuations arising from interactions among vortices. The primary objective of this research is to predict noise levels in high-speed cavity flows at Mach 4 for a rectangular cavity characterized by an aspect ratio of L/D = 7. Moreover, this study delves into the influence of the plasma actuator on noise control within the cavity flow regime. To comprehensively analyze acoustic characteristics and explore effective noise reduction strategies, a computational fluid dynamics technique with the combination of a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) and plasma phenomenological model is established. Remarkably, the calculated overall sound pressure level (OASPL) and plasma-induced velocity closely align with the experimental data, validating the reliability of the proposed approach. The results show that the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator changes the movement range of a dominating vortex in the cavity to affect the OASPL at the point with the maximum noise level. The control of excitation voltage can reduce the cavity noise by 2.27 dB at most, while control of the excitation frequency can only reduce the cavity noise by 0.336 dB at most. Additionally, the increase in excitation frequency may result in high-frequency sound pressure, but the influence is weakened with the increase in the excitation frequency. The findings highlight the potential of the plasma actuator in reducing high-Mach-number cavity noise.


It is shown that recent high-field magnetisation data of YCo2 and LuCo2 by Schinkel (1978), which he calls anomalous because neither band theory nor spin fluctuation theory accounts for them, can be explained by the Fermi liquid model of magnetism through the logarithmic field dependence of the magnetisation.


In order to evaluate the comprehensive level of tourism economic development,the concept of"quality of tourism economic development" was put forward and an evaluation index system containing six secondary indexes,20 three- level indexes was built from two aspects,quality of economic operation and quality of sustainable development,using the Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP). Based on it,the national 31 provinces( municipalities and autonomous regions) was analyzed. The conclusion was that: From the spatial distribution,quality of tourism economic development appeared a diminishing law from east to west. From the primary index,quality of tourism economic operation distribution in eastern and central parts were of high quality,the west was relatively backward,quality of tourism economy sustainable development in eastern was higher than central and western. From the secondary indexes,each region had different advantages on tourism economic effectiveness,stability,coordination,innovation and the ecological environment. Finally,some corresponding suggestions were put forward.


PURPOSE: Provided is a manufacturing method of tiles giving beneficial effects on human body by using yellow earth, fly ash, diatomite, cullet. The resultant tiles have far infrared emission, moisture-absorbing and proofing property, deodorization and sterilization. CONSTITUTION: The tile manufacturing process by dry-forming and single firing comprises the steps of: (i) preparing tile powder by ball-milling raw materials, aging and spray drying, wherein the raw materials contain 0-30wt.% of natural yellow earth, 30-50wt.% of natural clay, 30-50wt.% of porous fly ash, 10-30wt.% of diatomite, 5-15wt.% of cullet, 1-3wt.% of sodium silicate and 1-3wt.% of tannic acid lignin; (ii) forming under pressure of 250-350kg/cm2; (iii) drying at 100-150deg.C for 55-65min.; (iv) coating green tiles with a glaze(frit); (v) firing at up to 700-1000deg.C for 30-40min.; (vi) rectifying measurements of the tiles; (vii) coating tiles with photocatalytic materials by spraying a photocatalytic solution, Cu-contained TiO2 sol(5-30%), and firing at up to 600-700deg.C for 30-40min. The tile manufacturing method through dry-forming and double firing contains a firing step instead of the drying step(iii), wherein the firing condition is 600-900deg.C of maximum temperature and 0.5-5min of holding time, and total firing time is 30-40min. The tile manufacturing method by wet-forming comprises the steps of preparing a cake(20-30% of moisture) and injection forming instead of powder(step i) and press forming(step ii).


Analog photonic computing has been proposed and tested in recent years as an alternative approach for data recovery in fiber transmission systems. Photonic reservoir computing, performing nonlinear transformations of the transmitted signals and exhibiting internal fading memory, has been found advantageous for this kind of processing. In this work, we show that the effectiveness of the internal fading memory depends significantly on the properties of the signal to be processed. Specifically, we demonstrate two experimental photonic post-processing schemes for a 56 GBaud PAM-4 experimental transmission system, with 100 km uncompensated standard single-mode fiber and direct detection. We show that, for transmission systems with significant chromatic dispersion, the contribution of a photonic reservoir's fading memory to the computational performance is limited. In a comparison between the data recovery performances between a reservoir computing and an extreme learning machine fiber-based configuration, we find that both offer equivalent data recovery. The extreme learning machine approach eliminates the necessity of external recurrent connectivity, which simplifies the system and increases the computation speed. Above 31 dB OSNR, the photonics-based equalization exhibits a lower BER than the respective offline DSP-based KK receiver.


churches, are caught between the tension of keeping the history, language, and cultural life of their countries of origin while also being assimilated into the mainstream of American society. In the third and concluding part of this book Matsuoka proposes an understanding of community which is an alternative to oppressive racism which promotes domination by certain racial and ethnic groups. He finds in the example of a Chinese church in Hawaii, which was founded in 1934 by a group of second-generation Chinese but is now becoming a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, and inclusive church, a desirable new model for community building in America. The book has practical information for multi-cultural ministry and evangelism. The methodologies employed in the book are ethnographic surveys, historical research, and interviews of many AsianAmerican pastors, scholars, and church members. The book is useful for seminary students who are interested in multi-cultural ministry and for general students who are engaged in ethnic studies.


Cerebral blood flow is an important biomarker of brain health and function, as it regulates the delivery of oxygen and substrates to tissue and the removal of metabolic waste products. Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) is a promising noninvasive optical technique for monitoring cerebral blood flow and for measuring cortex functional activation tasks. However, the current state-of-the-art DCS adoption is hindered by a trade-off between sensitivity to the cortex and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here we report on a multi-speckle DCS (mDCS) system based on a 1024-pixel single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera that removes this trade-off and demonstrated a 32-fold increase in SNR with respect to traditional single-speckle DCS.


Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment features of gastric stromal tumors.Methods Twenty-seven cases of gastric stromal tumors from 2003 to 2006 in Changle No.2 Hospital and Fuzhou General Hospital were reviewed.Results The most common symptom was melena in fifteen cases(including three cases of hematemesis),upper abdominal pain with nausea and regurgitation occurred in eight cases,and abdominal distention in four cases.Under gastroscopy,fourteen cases of gastric mass,five of gastric leimyosarcoma,three of gastric neurofibrosarcoma,two of gastric polyp,and three of gastric stromal tumors were detected.All the twenty-seven cases underwent surgical operation and were confirmed by phathological examination and immunohistochemistry.Partial gastrectomy was performed in nineteen cases(including proximal partial gastrectomy and pyloroplasty in four cases,and distal partial gastrectomy in fifteen cases),total gastrectomy in one case of multiple tumor,local wedgy resection in seven cases.All the cases survived after operation.and were followed up from six months to three years.Conclusion The diagnosis of the gastric stromal tumors depends on phathological examination and immunohistochemistry,and surgical operation is the main choice of therapy.


In the process of performing environmental restoration at the 560-square mile Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, vast amounts of scientific and technical data are being generated from sampling taking place all over the Site. This paper provides an overview of the lessons we have learned in designing, implementing, and putting into operation a computerized system named the Hanford Environmental Information System (HEIS), which is being used to manage the Site`s environmental characterization sampling data. Topics discussed in this paper include helping the Site adapt to a data management culture, the advantages of electronic data over paper data, issues of data validation and defensibility, being a resource to the user community (including the regulatory community), managing and tracking data changes, integrating data from multiple programs, providing configuration control for data and software, getting priorities for software development, and developing a baseline for on-going funding to maintain the infrastructure for the information system.


The reliability of fluoride electrode direct potentiometry for characterization of inorganic monomeric aluminum in AL-F system was investigated and the feasibility of this method for soil solutions was studied. The result indicated that the AL-F complexes were major inorganic monomeric aluminum for most acid to weak acid soil solutions in south China. The relative error of the results is within the range of 4%. And the change of temperature exerts little influence on the results. This determining method applies to acid or weak acid soil extracted solutions, but it's not suitable for strong acid soils because the fluoride activeity in soil solutions is lower than the detection limit of fluoride electrode due to the AL-F concentration ratio changed with soil pH.


[Objective]To analyze the occurrence of serious security accidents in Shanxi Province.[Methods]Data of accident reports(with more than 9 death cases)from State Administration of Work Safety during January 1,2000 to October 31—2008 were descriptively studied.[Results]Totally 84 accidents were reported,with 2177 death cases.The leading 3 accident causes were coal mine gas explosion(50 accidents with 1330 deaths),destruction of mine tailing(3 accidents with 335 deaths),and water perviousness(7 accidents with 150 deaths).[Conclusion]Security accidents occurred frequently in Shanxi Province,which should be attract great attention of relevant departments to strengthen control measures.


Muslims in the world face diverse challenges top among them disunity which cost Islam a lot socially,politically,spiritually and economically.In Kenya Muslim community has been around for more than 1000 years. Their population since then has expanded tremendously. Their needs have multiplied likewise. To address the needs SUPKEM was formed in 1973 to provide united leadership for Muslims in Kenya, represent them in negotiating with other organizations and governments. Despite establishing of SUPKEM as the umbrella body of Islamic leadership in Kenya, Muslims still have many needs which are not addressed. For instance, it has been generally observed that Muslims are disunited and divided and they continue doing so every year especially during the beginning and the end of Ramadan all over the world. Hence instead of having united efforts in matters beneficial to their progress they waste a lot of time debating on ideologies like moon sighting at that period. This is the perfect book to enlighten you on most of Islamic challenges.


In empathy games, the representation of the character's emotional states during the narrative is relevant. For this purpose, the designer of empathy games uses different resources, such as the game's graphical style, sound and visual effects, soundtrack mood, and narrative style and pace, among others. Although these can effectively transmit emotion, they will still be subject to the player's interpretive subjectivity. However, there are situations where the designer wants the player to understand the character's emotional state, especially when it is the focus of gameplay and fundamental to the player's decisions. Unlike conventional level bars and their visual variations to represent characters' emotional states, this work presents a new approach for defining a widget to express emotional states, modelled as an organic structure in the form of a shaded cloth deformation. We directly relate its pulse frequency to the intensity of the characters' emotions and its colours to the characters' feelings defined by the game designer. In addition, we conducted a preliminary performance comparative study with the widget configured with four, six and eight emotions and created demonstration scenes to validate its use.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to break new ground in dissecting and capturing the effects of preferential trading agreements (PTAs). We focus on rules of origin (RoO), a crucial yet poorly understood market access discipline included in virtually every PTA. In particular, we strive to (1) present a comparative analysis of the main RoO regimes; (2) measure the degree of restrictiveness and selectivity of product-specific RoO employed in the various RoO regimes; (3) put forth a facilitation index to capture the extent of flexibility instilled in RoO regimes by various regime-wide RoO; and (4) employ a modified gravity model to assess the effects of RoO on aggregate trade flows as well as trade on intermediate goods in five sectors—chemicals, machinery, textile, television and radio transmitters, and vehicles.

Data

The sample covers 155 countries and some hundred PTAs around the world, and spans 21 years (1981-2001) in the analysis of aggregate trade flows, and 14 years (1988-2001) in the analysis of sectoral flows.

Findings

This paper yields four main findings. First, regimes with restrictive RoO and with high degrees of sectoral selectivity in RoO discourage aggregate trade flows. Second, regime-wide RoO that allow for flexibility in the application of product-specific RoO facilitate trade flows. Third, at the sectoral level, both restrictive RoO and selectivity in RoO in final goods encourage trade in intermediate goods. Fourth, exporters and producers learn over time to comply with stringent product-specific RoO, and to take greater advantage of permissive regime-wide provisions: "RoO learning" gradually reduces "RoO interference".


Based upon introduction of the general situations of Guyao mine-out area in GDK3+690~GDK4+500 section of Guyuan line the engineering geological and hydrogeologic conditions of mine-out area are analyzed.Evaluation is also made on its stability,at the same time corresponding treatment measures are proposed,in order to ensure smooth running of construction.


Aim:To detect the effect of Litchi seed extract L2.3 on inhibiting the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2 cells and its mechanism on inducing cell apoptosis. Methods: MTT assay was used to test the antiproliferative effect of L2.3,and the cell apoptosis was observed after stained with Hoechst 33258.The activities of caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9 were determined by caspase colorimetric assay kit.Flow cytometry(FCM) analysis was carried out to examine the expression of Fas protein in HepG-2 cells.Results: Litchi seed extract L2.3 showed dose-and time-dependent antiproliferative effect on HepG-2 cells(P0.05).The 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) of L2.3 was 43.0 μg/mL.In Hoechst 33258 stained cell,there were karyopyknosis and some apoptotic body with thick bright blue fluorescence were observed.The activities of caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9 were increased with time-dependent manner(P0.01).After treated with high concentration of L2.3 for 48 h,Fas protein expressed in HepG-2 cells showed a significant increase.Conclusion:Litchi seed extract L2.3 can inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells in vitro and induce cell apoptosis.Activation of caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9 change and Fas expression increase may be involved in the pathway of apoptosis in HepG-2 cells treated with L2.3.


This study aimed to investigate the autumn spawning by bitterling (A. rhombeus) inside mussel (Unio douglasiae) and the adaptation characteristics at the Bongseocheon Stream of Mankyeonggang River. The survey was carried out between August 2015 and July 2016. The spawning season was from September to November, and 17-75 (36.2 ± 16.44) eggs were found from mature females. During the survey period, 476 mussels were collected, 129 (27.1%) of spawned A. rhombeus. Mussels that spawned eggs, embryos, and larva of A. rhombeus (46.3 ± 4.55 mm, n = 129) were larger than than those that did not spawn (42.6 ± 8.51 mm, n = 347). The appearance frequency of A. rhombeus larva before and after the formation of lens was 99.8% (n = 597) vs. 0.2% (n = 1) from October 2015 to March 2016, 25.6% (n = 23) vs. 74.4% (n = 67) in April 2016, 0% (n = 0) vs. 100% (n = 40) on May 2016. The number of eggs, embryos, and larvae of A. rhombeus inside the mussels were 1-18 (5.6 ± 3.81). The number and appearance frequency of A. rhombeus eggs, embryos, and larvae inside the mussel according to mussel gill demibranchs position were 1 (0.01 ± 0.09, n = 1) and 0.78% in the left outer demibranch, 1-18 (2.33 ± 3.31, n = 63) and 48.84% in the left inner demibranch, 1-15 (2.97 ± 3.79, n = 76) and 58.91% in the right inner demibransh, and 1-12 (0.33 ± 1.71, n = 7) and 5.43% in the right outer demibransh. The highest frequency of the developmental position of eggs, embryos, and larvae occurred 71.8% (n = 445) in lower part 3 (L3) before formation lens and 94.4% (n = 102) in L3 after formation lens, indicating that L3 was dominating position for eggs, embryos, and larvae. More eggs, embryos, and larvae of A. rhombeus were found more often in the inner demibranshs than outer demibranchs. Since A. rhombeus is a species that spawn in the autumn and thus avoids the competition with interspecific and glochidia. However, they have to spend the winter in low water temperature. Consequently, we assume that A. rhombeus have evolved toward embryonic diapause under the low water temperature before the formation of lens and spawning inside the supracranchial cavity to save the transit energy from the water space to the suprabranchial cavity after the achieving movement ability with the formation of lens.


Flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by a large number of genes and various environmental factors, such as light and temperature. The objective of this study was to identify flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) under growth conditions simulating seasonal conditions from native geographic locations. Our growth chambers were set to simulate the spring conditions in Spain and Sweden, with appropriate changes in light color, intensity and day length, as well as temperature and relative humidity. Thus the Sweden-like spring conditions changed more dramatically compared to Spain-like spring conditions across the duration of our experiment. We have used these conditions to map QTL responsible for flowering time in the Kas-1/Col-gl1 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) across two replicate blocks. A linkage map from 96 RILs was established using 119 markers including 64 new SNPs markers. One major QTL, mapping to the FRIGIDA (FRI) locus, was detected on the top of chromosome 4 that showed significant gene×seasonal environment interactions. Three other minor QTL also were detected. One QTL mapping near FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) showed an epistatic interaction with the QTL at FRI. These QTL×environment and QTL×QTL interactions suggest that subtle ecologically relevant changes in light, temperature, and relative humidity are differentially felt by alleles controlling flowering time and may be responsible for adaptation to regional environments.


Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular (CV) risk. SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce HbA1c and show favorable effects on body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function. More importantly, SGLT-2 inhibitors have demonstrated impressive cardioprotective and renoprotective effects. The main mechanisms of cardioprotective effects have been attributed to improvement in cardiac cell metabolism, improvement in ventricular loading conditions, inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in myocardial cells, alteration in adipokines and cytokines production. This exploratory research aimed to observe the effects of Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, and Empagliflozin on select inflammatory biomarkers, adiponectin, for instance. Methods Comparison of serum adiponectin between baseline with 16-week after SGLT-2 inhibitors therapy were assessed in type 2 diabetic participants. Changes of chosen metabolic and anthropometric variables were discussed. Results At 16-week after SGLT-2 inhibitors treatment, a striking increment in mean serum adiponectin by 1.25 mcg/mL (95% CI: 0. 02, 2.48) or 81% was revealed. Furthermore, they showed a reduction of mean BMI 1.12% (95% CI: -1.74%, -0.50%), systolic blood pressure 1 mmHg (95% CI: -1.85, -0.72), diastolic blood pressure 1 mmHg (95% CI: -1.65, -0.52), fasting plasma glucose 34 mg/dL (95% CI: -51.66, -17.10), and HbA1c 0.73% (95% CI: -1.25%, -0.21%). No between-group differences were expressed with the other biomarkers. Serious side effects such as ketoacidosis, hypoglycemic status, genitourinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, or long-term dialysis dependence were not appeared. Conclusions SGLT-2 inhibitors can improve changes in serum adiponectin which appreciatively benefit in cardiovascular outcomes among type 2 diabetes. Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, adipokines, inflammatory biomarkers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adiponectin, cardiovascular outcomes, cardioprotective, renoprotective Presentation: No date and time listed


In these days, there are many vessel traffics to trade with foreign nations and travel abroad. Near coast or in harbor, the more traffics of transportation, the more possibility of accidents tends to occur. Thus, to reduce ships collision, vessel traffic services (VTS) centers have installed lots of equipment to keep a close eye on ships sailing in sea port, such as night observation device, telescope, and CCTV. To improve efficiently existing tracking system and overcome flaw of noises in the process of pursuit in maritime environment, considering bad weather and waves, this paper presents vessel tracking system using an image input device. The tracking system uses a fusion of Bayesian classifier to distinguish some images at initial stage, Kalman filter algorithm for keeping tracking the watercraft when it cannot be detected from the obtained image because some noises or inappropriate parameters used in the library functions may prevent detection from successive pictures, and the adaptive tracking algorithm for not only whether Kalman filtering is used as adaptive way to reduce a computational time but also disregarding the noise interference. The experimental results are included to prove the validity of the proposed method.


This paper presents a detection mechanism that utilizes the accelerometer in a smart phone carried by an individual to measure the human movement and hence determine if a fall event has occurred. The model of the fall activities are characterized as a finite state machine, which transits from one state to another according to the data generated from the accelerometer. The presented detection mechanism utilizes the finite state machine to identify different types of falls, including forward falls, backward falls, and lateral falls. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the presented mechanism. The results show that the mechanism can effectively distinguish between actual fall events and normal activities such as squatting, and walking up and down stairs.


A mathematical model is derived describing the steady state operation of a continuous cooling-type crystallizer. The system considered for testing the model is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate-water. Nucleation and growth rate expressions for the system are derived from experimental data obtained from the literature. A computer program was developed so as to facilitate solution of the non-linear system equations. The model was tested with various sets of hypothetical input data so as to determine crystallizer and heat exchanger design parameters given the data describing the desired steady state operation, and to determine the effect of changes in steady state operating conditions on crystallizer output (particle size distribution and yield). The techniques developed in this study provide a means to the solution of pertinent engineering problems associated with this type of crystallization process.


Objective By means of detecting the expression of VEGF-DmRNA in the tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,to investigate the relationship of VEGF-D with the process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lymph metastasis.Methods The VEGF-D levels in 52 carcinoma tissues and 20 normal tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),then the law was analyzed.Results VEGF-D mRNA was negatively expressed in the normol esophageal tissue,while the positive expression rate of VEGF-D mRNA in the tissue of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 32/52(61.5%).The expression of VEGF-D mRNA was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis(χ 2 = 15.333,P 0.01),and sig-nificantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion(χ 2 = 25.646,P 0.05).Conclusions VEGF-D expression is closely related to the pro-cess of esophageal carcinoma lymphatic metastasis.


Disclosed in the invention is a multi-concave-plane propeller comprising a propeller hub and a blade. A thrust surface of the propeller blade is formed by a plurality of concave planes at the radial direction. Compared with the prior art, the multi-concave-plane propeller has the following beneficial effects: the thrust surface of the propeller blade is formed by a plurality of concave planes at the radial direction and the large thrust force can be provided with the same protection area; and the radial streaming can be reduced and thus the propeller with the high thrust efficiency can be provided.


This article presents the approaches used for tracking purchases of medical equipment in the Czech Republic. Developed tracking system allows monitoring and evaluation of the procurement effectiveness and provides objective information to all parties involved in planning of medical equipment acquisition. The data collection process was designed and tested. Reports were designed and created based on multi-criteria comparisons within a complex data model. This model is based on formalization of procurement information and is designed to formulate hypotheses about the procurement effectiveness. Multi-criteria approach is based on the evaluation of medical devices purchases based on a set of criteria specified by the user. These criteria include the terms and conditions of purchase, the price of medical equipment and technical parameters. Designed system allows users to compare the purchase orders, identify their weaknesses and use this information to plan further acquisitions of medical equipment.


Antibiotic-resistance is increasing and older approaches to discovering new antibiotics (such as screening microbes in the soil) are not filling the


Objective To investigate the clinical application value of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the combined diagnosis of wrist joint injury. Methods Fifty-four patients with wrist joint injury treated in our hospital from May 2012 to May 2013 were selected as the study subjects. Primary diagnosis by CR found30 patients with carpal fractures and 24 patients without fractures. The clinical application value of MSCT and MRI in the combined diagnosis of wrist joint injury was analyzed and discussed. Results In the fracture group, MSCT examination found 44 cases of fractures and 23 patients with dearticulation; MRI examination found 25 cases of fractures and10 patients with dearticulation, with statically significant differences(P0.05). In the non-fracture group, MSCT examination found 20 patients with dearticulation and MRI examination found 12 patients with dearticulation, with statically significant differences(P0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of patients with wrist joint injury, the combined application of MSCT and MRI can significantly improve the clinical diagnostic effects, thereby worthy of clinical promotion and application.


Three methods for establishment of female lines from pistillate plants in castor (Ricinus communis L. ) were compared in this report: (i) Staminate flowers are induced by high daily temperature in NES-pistillate plant. It is a ideal but high daily temperature dependent method. (ii) Staminate flowers might be induced by plant growth regulators in NES-pistillate plant. Some progresses have been made by us. (iii) vegetative propagation of N-pistillate plants through tissue culture might be a new method.


The invention discloses a technological method for synthesizing ethyl acetate by using reactive rectifying bulkhead tower and a device thereof. The reactive rectifying bulkhead tower is provided with a piece of bulkhead along the vertical direction in the conventional rectifying tower, and the bottom of the right side of the bulkhead is closed. The whole tower is divided into five zones. Ethanol and acetate which are taken as raw materials are put into the tower from the top space of a tower kettle, and carry out esterification to generate ethyl acetate under the action of a catalyst of acidic cation exchange resin in the reaction section and at the lower part of the tower kettle. After the condensation and phase separation of the gas phase at the top of the tower, water phase is discharged from the system, and ester phase is driven into the top of the tower as reflux. Ethyl acetate with high purity is obtained at the bottom of the siding stripping section, and the bottom of the tower has no discharging material. The method gives a full play of the advantages of the bulkhead tower and reaction rectifying, which can cause the esterification and the product purification to be realized in the same tower and can reduce equipment investment and energy consumption effectively.


Abstract The simple and low cost laboratory manipulator system for neutron activation analysis laboratories is presented. The system is specially dedicated to use it in nuclear research laboratories where the neutron activation is used for determining chemical composition of substances and materials. However it can be employed successfully in all research laboratories where preparation or processing of radioisotopes samples or other handling with hazardous materials takes place. The cable-pulley manipulator is controlled by a simple PC set-up.


Introduction: PC is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for PC. Furthermore, it has been evaluated as a possible prognostic marker and has been shown that increased number of pack years is associated with worsened overall survival in PC (Yuan et al). However, it has yet to be shown whether patients undergoing active treatment and are current smokers, are facing a worse prognosis. Our study aims to examine the effect of current smoking on survival outcomes of advanced/metastatic PC patients undergoing active treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer at Henry Ford Health between January 2016 and January of 2021 were identified via chart review. Variables collected included age, gender, smoking status (subclassified as never smokers, former smokers, and active smokers), performance status (documented as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), number of chemotherapy (CTX) lines, and survival status that is most recently documented by May 1st, 2002. Median survival time were calculated to present the survival time for which the proportion surviving reached 50 percent. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to generate survival curves for each cohort. The log-rank test was performed to compare the survival distributions among smoking status. Cox model was fit to estimate the association between smoking behavior and overall survival, adjusted for demographics and cancer-related variables. CTX was treated as a time-dependent covariate. All statistical tests were 2-sided with an α (significance) level of 0.05. All data was analyzed using R version 4.1.2. Results: A total of 269 PC patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 66 years and 50.9% were males. The mortality rate (from time of diagnosis to May 1st, 2022 was about 89%. Around 8% of patients underwent surgery, 21% have taken radiation therapy, and only one patient did not undergo CTX. For smoking behavior, 46.1% were never smokers, 34.6% were former smokers, and 19.3% were current smokers. Looking at baseline characteristics, the mean age of active smokers were 4 to 5 years less than never/former smokers and the average ECOG score of non-smokers were 0.28 to 0.32 point less than former/active smokers. Median survival time for patients never smoking was 11.7 months, 8.9 months for former smokers, and 11.4 months for active smokers. The log-rank test did not show sufficient evidence of a difference in survival across patients' smoking status. Conclusion: Active smoking status does not appear to influence overall survival in advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer patients undergoing various chemotherapy treatments. This study was limited in its retrospective nature and a relatively small sample. Information regarding level of smoking (light smokers vs heavy smokers) was not readily available. The prognostic value of smoking in PC will need to be assessed prospectively.
 Citation Format: Aula Ramo, Zeinab Nasser, Mohamad Beidoun, Baha' Mustafa Abbad, Nayef Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Gazala Khan. Is smoking prognostic for advanced metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) patients undergoing treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A049.


The results of the studies on 90Sr and 137Cs content in the tissues of bivalve and gastropod mollusks of water basins in the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP have been analyzed. The dependence of radionuclide accumulation factors on the peculiarities of morphological structure, functional ecology and nutrition type was found. The age dynamics of 137Cs content in some species of Gastropoda was studied.


ABSTRACT Severe acute maternal morbidity (SMM) is a near-death experience during pregnancy, childbirth or termination of a pregnancy. Nine women recruited from hospital intensive care or high dependency units following the birth of their baby participated in two qualitative interviews about their SMM experience. The interpretative phenomenological analysis led to the identification of three superordinate themes related to participants: moving from a state of normal pregnancy to being severely unwell, being in critical care and returning to normal. Participants' transition to a SMM event occurred quickly and was frightening, with participants expressing concerns about their husbands/partners' trauma. Participants' time in hospital was particularly hard for those separated from their baby, with this eased by staff kindness and family support. After discharge participants continued to seek explanations for their SMM. Implications include more formal support for mothering when women are in maternal critical care, and support for husbands/partners following a SMM event.


This paper provides analyses to quantify the maturity of regolith within 24 m depth using a novel polarimetric attributes analysis of lunar penetrating radar (LPR) data. The results demonstrate that LPR signals were mainly from subsurface rock fragments of different sizes and were rarely from strata interfaces. The averages and ranges of maturities for the near‐surface (0–2 m), the fine‐grained regolith (2–12 m), and the coarse‐grained ejecta (12–24 m) are 68.98% (0%–99.82%), 82.61% (41.52%–96.56%), and 72.33% (5.91%–96.66%), respectively. Local regions with anomalously low maturities on the lunar surface may be due to the dense materials formed by local impacts or the rock fragments from distal impacts; a newly discovered sandwich structure with low maturity at a depth between 12 and 18 m is formed by the heterogeneous weathering in a paleo‐crater. Based on these new insights, we infer a heterogeneous weathering process of the regolith.


The proliferation of electronic equipment and wireless communication technology has resulted in great convenience while simultaneously giving rise to the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The deleterious effects of EMI on both unshielded electronics and human health have driven researchers to explore highly efficient electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing and shielding materials to suppress EM radiation. Most reported powder EM wave absorbing and shielding (EMAS) materials are required to be further mixed with matrices to produce the composite coating layers. The complicated processing procedures restrict the application of these materials. Furthermore, such layers often suffer from poor durability. However, if EMAS materials are functionally and structurally integrated into a macrostructure, these drawbacks may be overcome. More importantly, EMAS materials with macrostructures can be integrated with other functions to satisfy ever-growing application demands in harsh environments. This review article discusses the design principles of advanced EMAS materials in terms of their macrostructures and multifunctions. Representative integrated macrostructures of EMAS materials and devices are introduced in detail. The multifunctionalities of some advanced EMAS materials, such as wearable, hydrophobic, and thermal insulating characteristics, are discussed as well. In the end, the current challenges and future directions for developing multifunctional EMAS materials are discussed.


Soot emission in direct injected diesel engine was predicted using KIVA code with Foster soot model. Multi-step reactions in Foster mode1 were rearranged into a set of differential equations, and VODE solver was used to solve these stiff equations simultaneously. Estimated soot production in heavy duty diesel engine was compared with experimental data at air-fuel ratios of 19 and 25. The model overpredicted soot emission at air-fuel ratio of 25, but the solution was consistent with other soot researches. The mode1 was effective at explaining the soot formation mechanism


This article presents a study on Nepali video captioning using deep neural networks. Through the integration of pre-trained CNNs and RNNs, the research focuses on generating precise and contextually relevant captions for Nepali videos. The approach involves dataset collection, data preprocessing, model implementation, and evaluation. By enriching the MSVD dataset with Nepali captions via Google Translate, the study trains various CNN-RNN architectures. The research explores the effectiveness of CNNs (e.g., EfficientNetB0, ResNet101, VGG16) paired with different RNN decoders like LSTM, GRU, and BiLSTM. Evaluation involves BLEU and METEOR metrics, with the best model being EfficientNetB0 + BiLSTM with 1024 hidden dimensions, achieving a BLEU-4 score of 17 and METEOR score of 46. The article also outlines challenges and future directions for advancing Nepali video captioning, offering a crucial resource for further research in this area.


A model of reactive hot pressing of zirconium carbide (ZrC_x, 0.5 < x < 1) has been constructed that incorporates four processes that occur in parallel: creep of zirconium (Zr), reaction of Zr and carbon (C), increase in volume fraction of hard phase with progressive reaction that reduces the creep of Zr and, finally, de-densification associated with volume reduction during reaction. The reasonable agreement of the model with experimental results verifies that plastic deformation of Zr is the main factor that is responsible for the low-temperature reactive densification of ZrC and that ZrC may be treated as a rigid inclusion that contributes little to densification. It predicts that densification is impaired by increasing carbon stoichiometry due to the increasing amount of starting hard phase and the greater contraction upon reaction. Additionally, the model predicts that mixtures of Zr and ZrC should show equal or better densification than Zr and C mixtures.


nal function. Eur J Endocrinol 1998;139:575–9. 16. Mayenknecht J, Diederich S, Bahr V, Plockinger U, Oelkers W. Comparison of low and high dose corticotropin stimulation tests in patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1558–62. 17. Abdu TA, Elhadd TA, Neary R, Clayton RN. Comparison of the low dose short Synacthen test (1 microg), the conventional dose short Synacthen test (250 microg), and the insulin tolerance test for assessment of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis in patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:838–43. 18. Patel L, Clayton PE. Clinical usefulness of the low dose ACTH test. J Endocrinol Invest 1999;22:401–4. 19. Soule S, Van Zyl Smit C, Parolis G, Attenborough S, Peter D, Kinvig S, et al. The low dose ACTH stimulation test is less sensitive than the overnight metyrapone test for the diagnosis of secondary hypoadrenalism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;53:221–7.


Photoconductive antennas Nonlinear crystals Quantum cascade lasers THz diodes THz transistors Resonant tunneling diodes Vacuum electronics Plasma-wave devices Metamaterials Plastic fibers THz information and signal processing Low-coherent THz signals Cameras Chemical spectroscopy Industrial applications Wireless communications Remote-sensing 3D tomography system


W examining the Ola-Ieaf manuscripts of the Riijavaliya. the writer came across an interesting account of the imprisonment of the Sailghari'ija Walivita Saranamkara by Kirti Sri Rajasingha. in the Riijavaliya Ms. at the library of the Pravacanodaya Pirlvena. Molligoda.1 Since this is an incident of much historical and religious importance. and since the popular histories such as the Cfilavamsas, the Sanghariija Sadhucarlyava", the Sangarajavata+, and the Mandarampura Puvata" contain no information on this episode. it is proposed to give below. the relevant section extracted from this Ms. and the translation with a few comments about It's contents.


After making a comparison between the manual value and the value indicated by machine itself, a regression analysis is carried out, and the result indicates that the limitation of the differential range of the two values should be bleow 2.0 and the values show a linear relation,in addition,the values should be controlled within a range of limitation.Otherwise it means something is wrong with the quality of product,which need to be analyzed and solved.Monitoring and quick diagnosing of the device state of PASSIM cigaretter making and assemling combination and the quality of product are achieved .


This paper explains the application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), a statistical decomposition technique in the study of randomly fluctuating wind pressure fields acting on the surfaces of a gabled roof low rise building. POD identifies deterministic and systematic flow structures hidden in the random physical process. The POD modes thus obtained contain the most dominant structures of the flow, effectively representing the random wind pressure fields and reducing the complexity in interpreting them. The technique was applied on the pressure data of all the surfaces together and each surface individually. The flow field components in the dominant POD mode shapes have been identified.


An Introduction to Stability Analysis of Elastic Structural Systems Introduction A Review of the Common Approaches to Stability Analysis in Structural Engineering A Review of the Energy Criteria of Stability for Finite Degrees of Freedom Systems Conclusions References A Review of Some Functional Analysis Concepts Introduction Metric Spaces, Normed Spaces, and Branch Spaces Finite and Infinite Dimensional Normed Spaces Equivalence and Nonequivalence of Norms Dense Subsets, Total Bounded, and Compact Spaces Operators Inner Product Spaces-Hilbert Spaces Symmetric Positive, and Positive-Definite Operators and Their Energy Spaces Calculus of Operators and Functionals-Extreme Values of Functionals Generalized Derivatives and Sobolev Spaces References General Stability Analysis of Continuous Elastic Systems Introduction Formal Analysis of Stability The Requirement of the Stability at the Unstressed State for a Physically Acceptable Theory of Stability-The Choice of the Energy Norm Stability Analysis with Respect to the Energy Norm References Equilibrium Stability of Continuous Elastic Structures Introduction Buckling and Stability Analysis of the Undimensional Beam Model Torsional-Flexural Buckling of Inextensible Rods Basic Problems in Stability Analysis of Plates and Shells Tridimensional Elasticity References Buckling of Continuous Elastic Structures Introduction The Structural Continuum-The General Formulation of the Neutral Equilibrium The Additional Internal Work and the Neutral Equilibrium Equation Comparisons with Other Formulations Pure Strains in Curvilinear Coordinates Buckling of Bars Buckling by Torsion and Flexure of Thin-Walled Open Cross Sections Lateral Buckling of Deep Beams Buckling of Shells References Bifurcation or Snapping at the Critical State of Continuous Elastic Structures Introduction Equilibrium Paths of General Nonlinear Elastic Systems Bifurcation of Perfect Systems General Aspects of the Postcritical Behavior of Quasiperfect Structural Systems Some Applications of the Initial Postbuckling Analysis References


We discuss a simple, experimentally feasible scheme, which elucidates the principles of controlling the reservoir spectrum and the spectral broadening incurred by repeated measurements. This control can yield either the inhibition (Zeno effect) or the acceleration (anti-Zeno effect) of the quasiexponential decay of the observed state by means of frequent measurements. In the discussed scheme, a photon is bouncing back and forth between two perfect mirrors, each time passing a polarization rotator. The horizontal and vertical polarizations can be viewed as analogs of an excited and a ground state of a two level system (TLS). A polarization beam splitter and an absorber for the vertically polarized photon are inserted between the mirrors, and effect measurements of the polarization. The polarization angle acquired in the electrooptic polarization rotator can fluctuate randomly, e.g., via noisy modulation. In the absence of an absorber the polarization randomization corresponds to TLS decay into an infinite-temperature reservoir. The non-Markovian nature of the decay stems from the many round trips required for the randomization. We consider the influence of the polarization measurements by the absorber on this non-Markovian decay, and develop a theory of the Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in this system.


A learning object (LO) is a grouping of instructional materials structured to meet a specified educational objective. Digital LOs, which can be stored electronically, allow a new approach to instructional activity, making medical education more efficient, and potentially more cost-effective. They are reusable and can incorporate text, graphics, animations, audio, and video to support and enhance learning. A learning object can stand alone or be aggregated with additional objects to create larger forms of educational content meeting multiple educational objectives. Digital learning objects located in online repositories can be accessed by many computers and are easily handled by an array of learning management systems for delivery to learners at any time. Integrating digital learning objects with traditional educational methods in a blended learning approach assists medical educators in meeting the challenges of competing priorities. Multimedia LOs enable learners to tailor their experience to their preferred learning style. Through the use of learning objects, learners' reactions, their acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes, and their behavioral changes become readily measurable. Learning objects provide multiple research opportunities, such as their use in adaptive learning, their added value in preclinical versus clinical education, and their impact as part of a blended learning strategy. Practice points•A learning object is a grouping of instructional materials structured to meet a specified educational objective.•Learning objects are interactive, interoperable, multimedia and easily accessible in online repositories.•Learning objects can stand alone or can be aggregated to create larger forms of educational content to meet multiple educational objectives.•Learning objects allow a blended learning approach to instructional activity, making medical education more efficient and potentially more cost-effective.•Learning objects create new teaching efficiencies for educators and create new learning opportunities.


The purpose of registration in countryside homestead use right and collective construction land is to protect the rights of the legitimate rights and interests,the registration of rural homestead use right and collective construction land use right registration regulations system must be constructed to clarify all kinds of the relationship between the real estate unit in the registration of the use right. The Registration of the right to rural residential land and collective construction land use right is the core content of real estate registration. Registration of the right to take the form of rights registration management,the authority unknown and difficult block should be incorporated into the real estate registration of the right range,the right registration of right quality and standardize in use right of farmland is the lifeline of the real estate registration. The legal obstacles in real estate registration right must be broken,the ownership dispute must be disposed in accordance with the law,the wrong records of notaries cause in real estate must bear the liability of compensation,and the best choice to deal with the registration error compensation is to establish the compensation fund.


Organic search comprises a large portion of the total traffic for e-commerce companies. One approach to expand company's exposure on organic search channel lies on creating landing pages having broader coverage on customer intentions. In this paper, we present a transformer language model based organic channel page management system aiming at increasing prominence of the company's overall clicks on the channel. Our system successfully handles the creation and deployment process of millions of new landing pages. We show and discuss the real-world performances of state-of-the-art language representation learning method, and reveal how we find them as the production-optimal solutions.


Intense gamma radiation has been observed from the direction of the quasar 3C 279 throughout the energy range from 30 MeV to over 5 GeV by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) during the period June 15-28, 1991. Its spectrum is well represented by a photon differential power-law exponent of 2.0 +/- 0.1, with a photon intensity above 100 MeV of (2.8 +/- 0.4) x 10 exp -6/sq cm s. For E is greater than 100 MeV, the 2-sigma upper limits were 1.0 x 10 exp -6/sq cm s in 1973 from the SAS 2 observations and 0.3 x 10 exp -6/sq cm s for the combined 1976, 1978, and 1980 COS B observations. Hence, there has been a large increase in high-energy gamma-ray intensity relative to the earlier times, as there has been in the radio, infrared, optical, and X-ray ranges. This source is the most distant and by far the most luminous gamma-ray source yet detected.


Resin bonded sand casting is widely used for manufacturing automotive parts, especially those made of aluminium alloys. In general, resin bonded sand casting use alkaline resin as binding agent. Typically, they are from non-biodegradable materials that have issues on reclamation and disposal of the sand as well as cause hazard to the environment. Therefore, a biodegradable resin consisting of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as one of the solution contents was developed to substitute the non-environmental friendly resin. The purpose of this investigation is to attest that PVA is a biodegradable material under natural environment. Weight loss quantification was used as a method to study the biodegradability of PVA and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the molecular bonding as well as the morphological structure of the resin after biodegradation. The degradation process was evaluated by the weight loss and molecular structure of the PVA. At the end of this study, the weight loss of PVA is insignificant to show the biodegradation process. However, further investigation using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy methods; it is observed that there is a significant change in molecular and morphological structure of PVA.


In view of Simple Linear Iterative Clustering( SLIC) method sometimes does not well adhere to the edge,this paper proposes an improved SLIC method to solve this problem. In order to reduce the influence of texture and noise information to images boundary location,the nonlinear diffusion filtering algorithm is introduced to smooth the images w hile preserving the boundaries and decreasing the noises. After the first iteration by using the principles of the Sigma filter,it increases clustering condition,improves the result of SLIC superpixels clustering,and enhances the accuracy of clustering center w hile reducing the inaccurate segmentation in the process of iteration. Simulation results show that the superpixels segmentation results of the proposed method have better performance in image details,and this method also increases the boundary hit rate w ithout significantly increasing the processing time compared w ith the conventional SLIC method.


This paper reported a preliminary study on Mat Rempit's activities and illegal motorcycle racing. Mat Rempit activities are becoming very popular among teenagers especially in major cities and towns in Malaysia. This phenomenon has created a new sub-culture amongst Malaysian teenagers. This study focused on psycho-social factors that encourage teenagers to involve in illegal motorcycle racing and to survey racing backgrounds (eg. racing types, time, places, prizes, etc.). Data was obtained through interview and live observations at the racing scene. One hundred racers and ex-racers had cooperated as respondents to feed this research with information. Results showed that Malay teenagers between 17-22 years old are the most involved in this activities. Also, moderating factors have been identified which are psychological factors where neurotic and extrovert personality traits and high level of self-esteem are found to correlate with racing involvement. Meanwhile, sociological factors such as peers, greatness flaunting culture and prizes are encouraging teenagers' involvement in illegal racing activities. Family and community roles to curb these unhealthy activities are suggested.


Herein we report a facile method for the scalable production of Fe3O4/Fe doped graphene nanosheets (Fe3O4/Fe–GN) from a naturally abundant seaweed resource. The granules that remained after the recovery of liquid juice from a fresh brown seaweed, Sargassum tenerrimum, were utilized as a raw material and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and FeCl3 (ChoCl–FeCl3) was employed as a template as well as a catalyst for the production of graphene nanosheets. Pyrolysis of a mixture of seaweed granules and DES at 700–900 °C under a 95% N2 and 5% H2 atmosphere resulted in the formation of Fe3O4/Fe–GN with a high surface area (220 m2 g−1) and high electrical conductivity (2384.6 mS m−1). The synthesized nanosheets were then tested for their electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline fuel cell. The electrocatalyst demonstrated a positive onset potential, high cathodic current density, low hydrogen peroxide formation ( 80% activity of the catalyst, making the functionalized graphene sheets derived from Sargassum tenerrimum a sustainable replacement for existing precious metal-based ORR catalysts.


The vibratory jaw crusher with double cavities was designed for reducing energy consumption by more crushing and less grinding. The dynamic model is established based on its structural characteristics, and the standard state equations are built by using Lagrange method. Based on MATLAB, the trajectory diagrams of the moveable jaws in the two cavities are obtained by Range-Kutta method. The influence of dynamic characteristics on yield and grain size is gained ,and the optimization design idea for the crusher is put forward.


This paper aims to highlight how harnessing female refugee activities through social entrepreneurship is beneficial to the country's economy and a driver of refugee integration in host communities (Akter, Rahman, & Radicic, 2019). This paper bridges the conceptual and contextual gaps of female refugee social entrepreneurship literature (Czinkota. Khan & Knight, 2021; Elo,Aman & Täube,2018; Sinkovic & Reuber, 2021;Zucchella, 2021).It also addresses the scarcity of research on the relevance of gender in social entrepreneurship. Our main question is: How does opportunity recognition as a construct influence female refugees' social entrepreneurship in the host country ? We draw upon the mixed embeddedness (Kloosterman, 2010; Kloosterman, Rusinovic & Yeboah,2016) and effectual lenses (Sarasvathy, 2008) to understand how female refugees become social entrepreneurs, and what makes them different.


P are a family of enzymes involved in structure and repair of DNA. Inhibitors of PARP enzymes are used clinically in patients with breast cancer who have mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/2. However, BRCA1/2 mutations do not fully predict response to PARP inhibitors. Some patients with mutations fail to benefit from treatment, while treatment may be effective even without mutations in BRCA1/2. Variability in response highlights the need for a biomarker to predict response to treatment with a PARP inhibitor. In a small prospective clinical study, McDonald et al used 18F-FTT, a PET radiotracer that binds to PARP enzymes, to monitor response to therapy with a PARP inhibitor administered to patients with metastatic breast cancer. Pretreatment images showed heterogeneous uptake of 18F-FTT in metastases, showing that amounts of PARP differ notably in different lesions within in a patient. Follow-up imaging after therapy with a PARP inhibitor reduced uptake of 18F-FTT to background levels. Laboratory studies on tumor tissue from several patients verified that a clinical PARP inhibitor blocked binding of the radiotracer to PARP. The current study analyzed data qualitatively rather than quantitatively, and future studies will need to correlate imaging with patient outcomes or other metrics of response. Despite these limitations, the study establishes an imaging approach to monitor pharmacodynamics of a molecularly targeted therapy in patients with cancer. —Gary D. Luker


Service supply chain management is among the approaches used to gain competitive advantage in an uncertain competitive environment in service companies. The main objective of this research was determination of the relationship and ranking of service supply chain processes of management consulting institutes (MCI) in Iran. Accordingly, first by a review of the literature and experts' opinion the service supply chain processes of MCI were identified. After identifying the processes, ISM is used to determine the relationship and rank service supply chain processes of MCI. The results suggest that service supply chain of MCI in Iran includes seven processes. Also the levels obtained in ISM indicate that in the service supply chain of MCI, it is necessary to focus on resources management and capacity and information technology. This research could be an important step to determine the indicators and assess service supply chain of MCI in Iran.


Auto-oxidation and fast diffusion in Fricke gels are major drawbacks to wide-spread application of these gels in 3D dosimetry. Aiming to limit both processes, we used mixed dopants: the ferric-specific ligand xylenol orange with a ferrous-specific ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) and/or a bi-functional cross-linking agent (glyoxal). Markedly improved auto-oxidation stability was observed in the xylenol orange and phenanthroline doped gel at the expense of increased background absorbance and faster diffusion. Addition of glyoxal limited the diffusion rate and led to a partial bleaching of the gel. It is conceivable that these two new compositions may find useful practical application.


The objective of this work was to develop a methodology to estimate volume in steres (st) without a previous log staking sampling. Data from a forest inventory and timber transportation were used. The "Empty Spaces Method" was adopted to illustrate the application of the information. Data on 91 plots of a pre-cut and transport inventory of a Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybride planting volume, with na area of 243.1 ha, were utilized. The equations generated to estimate the volume in steres resulted in an error of -0.76% or -2.34 st/ha, for the equation generated from the "empty spaces method" deductions and of 4.54% or 11.61 st/ha, for the equation generated from application the Demaerschalk taper model. These results indicate that this methodology generates promising results, allowing to apply representative information on the use of the steres unit.


Althoughit has long been acknowledged that this text regards royal power critically, it seems that this text also questions priestly power. The aim of this paper will be to investigate this proposal. This text does not only critique Jerusalem and the temple mount, but even the temple itself and the debir (the most central room), which is the place of Isaiah's vision and his commission. Why does Isaiah, who is no priest, criticises this most holy place (28:7-8)? This non-priest is granted one of the most intimate encounters with God reported in the Hebrew Bible as his experience of Adonai is one of the most intense experiences of the relationship of a person to God. Furthermore, the cleansing of the prophet (6:6-7) is an act of YHWH himself, and does not come about by priestly atoning. This may once again emphasizes the corruption of the cult, which is an important theme both at the beginning (1:10-20) and the end of the book. This paper will also indicate the relationships with the beginning and end of the book of Isaiah.


(57) Abstract: Integrated HDD system RDC, servo logic, ATA interface, a microprocessor, and provides other discrete components in an integrated circuit (IC) in if previously. This IC, one single IC technology type for all of the components (e.g., a digital CMOS) is created using a. Analog and digital circuits are combined in such a way to remove or reduce noise or interference from the analog circuit components in the digital circuit. The present invention utilizes an existing circuit design module provided as a "hard block" components the IC. Operation of the change of the IC can be readily achieved by varying the "soft block" components to adjust the design for the specific hard drive. The individual elements, so that this IC is operated in one or similar manner the same components according to the prior art, in order to allow switching of this kind element selectively (during a test mode period) together have their output and input of itself, which is the system multiplexing (MUX).


The correspondence between BRST-BFV, Dirac and projection operator approaches to quantize constrained systems is analyzed. It is shown that the component of the BFV wave function with maximal number of ghosts and antighosts in the Schrodinger representation may be viewed as a wave function in the projection operator approach. It is shown by using the relationship between different quantization techniques that the Marnelius inner product for BRST-BFV systems should be in general modified in order to take into account the topology of the group; the Giulini-Marolf group averaging prescription for the inner product is obtained from the BRST-BFV method. The relationship between observables in different approaches is also found.


The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of inflation and the weakening of the rupiah exchange rate against US$ toward the level of poverty and unemployment as well as the development of small entrepreneurs. This study uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results are as follows: (1) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate, economic growth and average wages on poverty; (2) There is significant effect of the inflation rate and the average wage on poverty in urban areas; (3) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate, economic  growth and average wages on poverty in rural areas; (4) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate and unemployment on unemployment assuming fixed wage; (5) There is no significant effect of inflation rate and exchange rate on unemployment with no fixed wage assumption. The findings of qualitative analysis are as the following: (1) The welfare of both business owners and artisans in small industry are not overly influenced by the impact of inflation and the weakening of rupiah against the US dollar; (2) Strategies to overcome the impact of inflation and exchange rate adopted by small and medium enterprise, include (a ) Efforts to reduce the size of goods (b) reducing the quality of the product (c) reduce business profits and (d) cost efficiency of production; (3) Current marketing system, includes: (a) Waiting for domestic and foreign tourists who visit with tour guides (b) Marketing and selling in designated market established by the government (c) Participation in exhibition (d) Digital marketing through website.


The salt domes of the east part of the North Caspian depression are uneven in their development. In some areas they are very small and are separated by broad troughs, whereas in other areas they are very large and separated by much smaller inter-dome zones. Zones and areas with different degree of penetration into the overlying rocks are clearly defined. The largest domes are found in the central part of the depression and along the north border zone. The smallest are on the east border. In the central and south border zones the salt bodies either pierce all the way to the surface (Inder, Kusanbai) or to the pre-Pliocene surface (Miyaly, SankebayKruglyy).


WT6BZ]With a brief introduction of the development of CAD technique and its present state of teaching,this paper puts forward the CAD teaching system and method with emphasis on the cultivation of application ability [WT6HZ]


Background: Asian Indians have a higher operative and overall increased mortality following coronary bypass surgery. They also have higher rates of post operative complications and repeat surgeries. Apart from physiological complica tions like post-operative pain, atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis, the psychological disorders are like anxiety and stress also predominantly play a major role in the morbidity of the post-surgical conditions. The aim of study is to know the influence of music therapy and breathing exercises on post-surgical cardiac diseased individuals. To evaluate the influ ence of music therapy and breathing exercises on physiological parameters(BP,HR,RR) in post surgical cardiac diseased individuals by using electro cardio monitor and state-trait anxiety scale. Methods: Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group, where the subjects received music therapy and breathing exercises. Control group, where the subjects received breathing exercises. All the participants were assessed with STAI scale and physiological parameters like blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate for both groups before and after the treatment. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the STAI scale and physiological pa rameters within the groups. Result: Results showed a significant improvement in both the groups but, more improvement was seen in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: Results suggested that music therapy and breathing exercises influences more effective than breathing exercises alone.


The present invention relates to a coating nozzle (5), which can be inserted into the rotary atomizer bell-shaped pan and the coating is formed between a nozzle (5) and the bell-shaped distribution tray disc inserted state in the receiving means annular gap, the coating nozzle comprising: a flushing medium to wash for guiding the bell-shaped plate (3) a common flushing medium channel (11.1, 11.2) extending in said coating nozzle (5); a first flushing medium an outlet (16), which is flushed (11.1, 11.2) for supplying the flushing medium passage common medium and substantially axially forward toward the bell-shaped disk point distribution tray; and a second flushing medium outlet (18), a flushing medium which (11.1, 11.2) of the common flushing medium supply channel. The present invention has a second flushing medium outlet (18) in the assembled state, between the dispensing tray into the receiving means and said coating nozzle (5) of the annular gap, so that the annular cleaning using flushing medium gap.


The present invention provides a method for producing a sapphire seed for crystal growth with reduced dislocation density. The present invention is made of a sapphire single crystal, and a method for manufacturing a sapphire seed for the (0001) growth, the crystal growth surface as a sapphire single crystal surface, the side surface of the sapphire seed, {1-100} plane ± 10 ° and the crystal plane within, and in that it comprises a step for performing a predetermined heat treatment with respect to the process for the shape of the sapphire seed, preparing the sapphire seed processed so as to include a hexagonal shape or a triangular prism shape, and the sapphire seed It characterized.


The purpose of this study was to compare junior high students' sightsinging accuracy with their ability to perceive errors in recorded examples. Junior high choir students (N − 75) individually taped themselves while sightsinging counterbalanced examples of notation and solfege syllables. Subsequently, an error-detection task was designed based on the most common student errors and using the same examples. Students listened to the sung examples, then looked at the notation and circled any errors. Analyses of correct responses among high-scoring, medium-scoring, and low-scoring sightsingers revealed no significant differences between sightsinging from notation or syllables, although unskilled singers scored higher using syllables. The relationship between sightsinging (performance) and error detection (perception) was different for high- and medium-scoring sightsingers than for low-scoring | sightsingers. For high- and medium-scoring sightsingers, there were no significant differences between sightsinging and error detection, while low-scoring sightsingers were signifi-I canity more accurate on error-detection tasks. An analysis of data across specific intervals I revealed a trend toward more accurate descending patterns.


Industrial processes commonly involve different sub-systems, each one of them with an associated controller. Moreover, although these sub-systems might be independent, the energy that the controllers use can be obtained from a limited common source. Furthermore, the total energy used in a control process might be limited because of economical reasons. A proper management of the energy resource would be achieved by having a central decision maker for this task using information of all the control signals. However, this centralized scheme would require an expensive communication network. As an alternative, the total available energy can be divided into the controllers within the process ensuring an upper bound of energy consumption. This work shows that dividing the resource throughout the controllers is not efficient regarding the control performance. Then, a distributed strategy is proposed to manage the available energy resource by using evolutionary game theory. Finally, the proposed strategy is implemented on a wastewater treatment system that considers a first stage given by an urban drainage system (UDS), and a final stage given by a non-drinkable water network (NDWN), i.e., water for streets cleaning, plants watering, etc. Simulation results show an improvement of the performance with the proposed methodology in comparison with an off-line resource management of energy.


This research aims to prove "the level of effectiveness of tax collection for hotels, restaurants, street lighting and their contribution to PAD in Gresik Regency". Quantitative descriptive is applied in this study. The object of research is "the Regional Revenue, Financial and Asset Management Agency of Gresik Regency". The population in this study is "the Gresik Regency Government Financial Report 2016-2020". The sample in this research is using "a report on the realization of the Hotel Tax, Restaurant Tax, Street Lighting Tax, and Local Revenue (PAD) budget realization reports in Gresik Regency in 2016-2020". The sampling technique is using the purposive sampling method. The type of data used in this research is secondary data. The collection method uses documentation and literature study. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The research findings show that on average the effectiveness of collecting hotel taxes, restaurant taxes, and street lighting taxes in Gresik Regency is very effective and the average contribution of hotel collection and restaurant taxes is considered very less and street lighting taxes are considered moderate.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Contribution, Tax, Local Revenue


Adiabatic approximation (AP) combined with perturbation theory gives a fast normal-mode solution of temporal coherence for sound field in a two-dimensional deep water with time-varying random internal waves. Internal waves induced mode changes are deduced using the first-order perturbation theory [C. T. Tindle, L. M. O'Driscoll and C. J. Higham, Coupled mode perturbation theory of range dependence, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108(1) (2000) 76–83]. And mode perturbations in amplitude are neglected by the adiabatic method with wavenumber perturbations in phase merely considered. The AP expression of temporal coherence function is theoretically identical to the adiabatic transport equation theory [J. A. Colosi, T. K. Chandrayadula, A. G. Voronovich and V. E. Ostashev, Coupled mode transport theory for sound transmission through an ocean with random sound speed perturbations: Coherence in deep water environments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134(4) (2013) 3119–3133]. Numerical results of the adiabatic temporal coherence function for several low frequencies and ranges up to 1000[Formula: see text]km are calculated. Then the coherence time scales obtained from the calculations are examined by a one-way coupled theory considering forward scattering [A. G. Voronovich, V. E. Ostashev and J. A. Colosi, Temporal coherence of acoustic signals in a fluctuating ocean, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(6) (2011) 3590–3597]. Comparisons demonstrate that the range and frequency dependence of coherence time for both methods are quite close. And this shows good agreement with the well-known inverse frequency and inverse square root range laws. In addition, the internal wave energy dependence of coherence time is also studied.


A thiacalix[4]arene based fluorescent chemosensor 3 of 1,3-alternate conformation bearing two dansyl groups and a crown-5 ring behaves as an "On-Off" reversible switch for two chemical inputs Hg(2+) and K(+) ions and mimics a molecular level keypad lock in the presence of F(-) ions.


Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with superior energy density are among the most promising candidates of next‐generation energy storage techniques. As the key step contributing to 75% of the overall capacity, Li2S deposition remains a formidable challenge for LSBs applications because of its sluggish kinetics. The severe kinetic issue originates from the huge interfacial impedances, indicative of the interface‐dominated nature of Li2S deposition. Accordingly, increasing efforts have been devoted to interface engineering for efficient Li2S deposition, which has attained inspiring success to date. However, a systematic overview and in‐depth understanding of this critical field are still absent. In this review, the principles of interface‐controlled Li2S precipitation are presented, clarifying the pivotal roles of electrolyte–substrate and electrolyte–Li2S interfaces in regulating Li2S depositing behavior. For the optimization of the electrolyte–substrate interface, efforts on the design of substrates including metal compounds, functionalized carbons, and organic compounds are systematically summarized. Regarding the regulation of electrolyte–Li2S interface, the progress of applying polysulfides catholytes, redox mediators, and high‐donicity/polarity electrolytes is overviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions aiming at optimizing Li2S deposition are given for further development of practical LSBs. This review would inspire more insightful works and, more importantly, may enlighten other electrochemical areas concerning heterogeneous deposition processes.


Abstract We have designed and synthesized several basic and novel fused ring heterocycles by intramolecular hydroarylation with an efficiency and scope to develop intermediates of potential value. This method demonstrated consistent performance with arene–ene and arene–yne substrates of diverse structural features, including propargyl ethers, allyl thioethers, and propargyl thioethers resulting in 6-endo products.


To the editor:

Patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) are at high risk for morbidity and mortality from SCD nephropathy.[1][1],[2][2] During adolescence, 20% to 35% of patients develop microalbuminuria (MiA; 30-300 mg/g Cr) classified as stage A2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to Kidney


Teleseismic receiver functions were calculated to image the Moho geometry in the northern Appalachian Mountains in order to explore crustal thickness variations and possible linkages with tectonic units. Waveforms from 1995 to 2016 were analyzed for a total of ~ 200 broadband seismic stations, yielding a well‐distributed data set with high lateral resolution. Consistent P‐to‐S phases converted at the Moho can be clearly observed. The Moho depth increases from the coastal plain northwestward to the Appalachian Plateau, with a sharp east‐west gradient in southern New England. A distinct subrectangular downward deflection of the Moho is imaged in northern New Hampshire and western Maine. There is a spatial correlation observed between Moho depth variations and the NE‐SW trending Appalachian orogenic strike. Variations of crustal thickness along and across the orogenic strike provide insights into the formation and modification of the crust during and after the major Appalachian orogenic events.