The ionization of N 2 by strong solar He II 30.4‐nm photons produces distinctive spectral peaks near 24.1 eV in Titan's upper atmosphere, which have been observed by the Electron Spectrometer (ELS) as part of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer. The ELS observations reveal that, in addition to the dayside, photoelectron peaks were also detected on the deep nightside where photoionization is switched off, as well as at sufficiently high altitudes where the ambient neutral density is low. These photoelectron peaks are unlikely to be produced locally but instead must be contributed by transport along the magnetic field lines from their dayside source regions. In this study, we present a statistical survey of all photoelectron peaks identified with an automatic finite impulse response algorithm based on the available ELS data accumulated during 56 Titan flybys. The spatial distribution of photoelectron peaks indicates that most photoelectrons detected at an altitude above 4,000 km and a solar zenith angle above 100° are field aligned, which is consistent with the scenario of photoelectron transport along the magnetic field lines. Our analysis also reveals the presence of a photoelectron gap in the deep nightside ionosphere where almost no photoelectrons were detected. It appears to be very difficult for photoelectrons to travel to this region, and such a feature may not be driven by the changes in the orientation between the solar and corotation wakes.


Background: Numerous cases of pneumonia of caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China Computed tomography (CT) scan is highly


The validity of the dust explosion venting nomograph D in NFPA 68 was examined in tests with vessels having volumes from 2.4 to 250 cubic meters and with dusts of classes St 1 and St 2.


Soil degradation issues are assuming increasing importance in Northeast Thailand and are challenging the sustainability of current land management systems. In this study, the impacts on soil chemical properties resulting from conversion of natural dipterocarp forest to agricultural production are compared. Soil samples were collected at 10 cm increments to a depth of 1 m from a dipterocarp forest and an adjacent agricultural (cultivated) production system along a transect. Since conversion to agricultural production, the cultivated site has undergone a significant decline in soil pH as a result of reduction in soil organic C leading to the loss of exchangeable basic cations, especially Ca, Mg, and K, and Al domination of the exchange complex. Consequently, the ability of the cultivated soil to retain basic cations has been compromised. A significant proportion of the extracted cations from the surface soil of the cultivated site was non-exchangeable and therefore subject to leaching at the onset of the wet season. In this study, the assessment of soil degradation from a soil chemical perspective has demonstrated the fragility of these soils after continuous agricultural production. This is evidenced by the degree of degradation measured by an index that takes into account changes in the surface charge characteristics and the basic cation retention capacity of the soil. It is suggested that the degradation index may assist in quantification of what is commonly referred to as "soil health". The long-term consequences of soil degradation are permanent and bring into question the sustainability of current production practices at this site. Soils that have a low buffering capacity (i.e. low clay and organic matter content) are prone to acidification and cation depletion, which has a dramatic effect on the productivity of these soils.


In this paper, we propose a video object segmentation algorithm based on spatio-temporal information and marked-watershed for extracting the moving objects from a video sequence. The algorithm begins with difference image between two adjacent frames and, using the Canny operator on the difference image, determines the initial edge mask for the object in motion. Morphological techniques are applied to the initial edge mask to obtain initial temporal segmentation mask of the moving object and binary marker image of the foreground and background subject to the watershed thresholding. The markers are used to modify multi-scale morphological gradient image of current frame. Finally, the watershed algorithm is performed on the modified gradients to locate the non-stationary objects accurately in the spatial domain of motion frames. Simulation results show that the proposed technique can overcome the shortcoming of over-segmentation of the watershed algorithm and can efficiently segment and extract meaningful motion objects with slow or fast moving from the video sequence with complex background with low computational complexity.


Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in regional lymph node cryostatic sections from 74 and bone marrow needle biopsy specimens from 10 cases with breast cancer. It is demonstrated that additional immunohistochemical study of regional lymph nodes using monoclonocal antibodies to epithelial antigens Egp34 and MUCI increases by 10.8% metastasis detection as compared to histological study alone. The presence of cancer cells in sternal needle biopsy specimens may be evidence of active hematogenic metastasis and requires more careful monitoring of the patients.


The discourse of this study is about the views of an orientalist, Karen Armstrong, in describing the figure of the Prophet Muhammad by looking at the texts and methods used by Armstrong, and the purpose of this study is to explore Armstrong's understanding of the figure of Muhammad who is actually a role model for Muslims. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with the type of research in the form of Library Research, accompanied by documentation data collection techniques and methods using historical analytical-descriptive type as a bridge to explain Armstrong's thoughts about the Prophet Muhammad, accompanied by a sociological approach to knowledge and the theory used is effective intellectual heremeneutics. from Gadamer. The results of this paper are related to Armstrong's objective interpretation that Muhammad was an extraordinary figure who had a major influence on the change of the Arabs and Armstrong's text study uses a critical-historical method with an empathetic approach. Armstrong explained the figure of Muhammad, because according to him it is important to be done to improve the history of Islam and the middle east


A tamper-evident microprocessor system comprising a microprocessor (1), an to said microprocessor (1) in a common module (3) integrated internal read-write memory (2) and a second memory (6) in which at least a part of a (by the microprocessor 1) operation executing program (8) is stored. At least one indispensable for the function of the microprocessor system procedure of the operation program is encrypted in the external memory (6) is stored. The operating program includes a decryption procedure (10), which is designed to decrypt each encrypted procedure (9) of the operating program (8) and to be stored in the internal read-write memory (2). The indispensable procedure sets to the proper functioning requires a successful execution of a Integritatsprufprozedur that checks the integrity of at least part of the operating program.


In the adolescent stage a person will experience emotional development, namely high emotional development. Teenagers as one of the phases in human life are required to fulfill their duties in choosing a career and determining a career. This study aims to determine the emotional maturity of students and career decision-making abilities of class XII IPA 2 students at MA Al-Mardliyyah. The approach taken in this study is qualitative with a case study type of research. While collecting data using observation, interviews, and documentation. analysis used with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed (1) the emotional maturity of class students was quite good. Students are able to vent negative and positive emotions at the right time and place. (2) students' career decision-making ability is quite good. Students are able to make career decisions according to their interests and talents, after graduating from school they will go on to college, and some will immediately choose to enter the world of work.


As a branch of narratology,news narrative is much more liable to be interfered and dominated by the ideology than other types of narrative.Therefore,the openness of media reflects attitudes of authorities.Explore the root causes of difference in media narrative in the earthquakes from 1970s till now.


Background and Aim: The application of social networks in psychological interventions is novel, but tends to rapid increase. People who have a need for psychological interventions may benefit from such modern technologies. In the present study, we aimed to study the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the quality of life of paraplegic veterans through social networks. Methods: This was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with the control group. The population consisted of all paraplegic veterans in Khuzestan province in 2017. A total of 36 veterans were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Questionnaires used included "Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)", "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment (PSQI)" and "Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)", which were completed by both groups before the intervention. Then, a positive psycho-therapeutic intervention was performed on the experimental group during 14 sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the questionnaires again post-test. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance


Abstract Overweight and obesity are global concerns affecting nearly one third of the world population. These conditions are characterized by increased adiposity and are accompanied by a proportional increase in circulating leptin, an anorexigenic adipokine. Leptin is responsible for signaling peripheral energy status to the central nervous system to modulate food intake and energy expenditure. As such, neurons within the hypothalamus expressing the long isoform of leptin receptor (LepRb), a type I cytokine receptor, are primarily responsible for mediating the effects of leptin, which signal predominantly through the JAK2-STAT3 transduction mechanism. STAT3 is a latent transcription factor activated upon phosphorylation, which triggers its homodimerization and nuclear translocation. Evidence, however, for JAK2-independent, STAT3-dependent leptin receptor signaling mechanisms exist. FAK (focal adhesion kinase, Ptk2) and Pyk2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2b, Ptk2b) are a subset of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases and comprise the focal adhesion kinase family. FAK and Pyk2 are implicated in the regulation of cytokine receptor signaling. Furthermore, Pyk2 knockout mice have an obesity prone phenotype. Here, we studied the role of the focal adhesion kinases in leptin receptor signaling using genetic and pharmacological approaches. We found that overexpression of Pyk2 or FAK increased STAT3 phosphorylation (activation). Overexpression of a FAK or Pyk2 construct with impaired kinase activity, however, attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting the increase in STAT3 phosphorylation is largely dependent upon kinase activity of FAK/Pyk2. Treatment of cells with a small molecule dual inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2 (PF431396) attenuated leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a mouse hypothalamic cell line. Importantly, this effect is independent of JAK2, as PF treatment of two independent JAK2-deficient cell lines exhibited similar attenuation of leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. To assess the physiological relevance of FAK/Pyk2 in leptin receptor signaling in vivo, we administered PF compound to the lateral ventricle of 24-hour fasted lean wild-type mice followed by peripheral leptin administration. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of PF suppressed the anorectic effect of leptin as evidenced by impaired inhibition of food intake upon refeeding. Accordingly, analysis of total hypothalamic lysates from these mice showed ICV PF impaired leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest that Pyk2 and/or FAK play a role in leptin signal transduction.


Conflicting results from published school-based anti-bullying initiatives have prompted psychologists to suggest that advances in tackling bullying will rely upon developing a greater understanding of the psychological processes underpinning bullying behaviour. This thesis aimed to address this issue by attempting to clarify the coping processes engaged in by pupils experiencing peer aggression or bullying. In order to achieve this aim, pupils' use of coping strategies was examined within a transactional coping framework, where coping was conceptualised as a dynamic interaction between the person and their environment. Participants were 837 pupils (318 P5s, 306 S1s, 213 S2s; 48.4% male) attending mainstream Primary and Secondary schools in Scotland. Pupils completed a range of measures, at five different points in time, over a period of approximately 18 months. Variables measured at more than one data point included victimisation, appraisals (threat, challenge, control), coping strategy use, and psychological well-being (depression, self-esteem). Variables measured once included sociometric status of P5 pupils, self-efficacy of S1 and S2 pupils, bullying behaviour and emotional reaction to peer aggression.Five separate studies are reported, each focusing on a different aspect of the coping process: the stability and persistence of bullying; how pupils cope with different types of bullying; how pupils' appraisals, emotions and coping strategies are related; the self-efficacy and hostile attribution biases of pupils involved in bully-victim problems; and the efficacy of coping strategies for maintaining psychological well-being and preventing subsequent bullying. Findings support the utility of the transactional coping model for examining coping among bullied pupils, and highlight the need to incorporate appraisals of, and emotional reactions to, bullying when researching coping responses. Furthermore, results indicate that different types of bullying are coped with in different ways, and that a "vicious circle" may operate where by victimisation leads to further victimisation. Such findings are discussed in relation to their potential impact upon future intervention strategies, while suggestions for future research examining pupils' coping strategies are also considered.


Based on the results of the initial research, that the background of this research is the fluctuating Turnover Intention data at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung.This study aims to determine how the influence of Organizational Commitment on Employee Turnover Intention at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung, to find out how the effect of Work Stress on Employee Turnover Intention at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung, and to find out how the influence of Organizational Commitment and Work Stress simultaneously on Turnover Intention Employees of PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The object of research in this report is to determine the effect of Organizational Commitment and Work Stress on Turnover Intention at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The type of research is quantitative associative, the type of data is primary data and uses data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews, literature studies and questionnaires. While the sampling technique is probability sampling with a total of 71 populations and 60 samples. The results showed that there was an influence between Organizational Commitment (X1) partially significant effect on Employee Turnover Intention (Y) at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung, this can be seen in the t test, namely tcount 6,035 >  ttable 2,002. There is the influence of Work Stress (X2) at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung partially significant effect on Employee Turnover Intention (Y) at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung this can be seen in the t test, namely tcount 6,290 > tcount 2,002, and simultaneously Organizational Commitment ( X1) and Work Stress (X2) have a significant effect on Employee Turnover Intention (Y) at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. This can be seen in the results of the F test, namely Fcount 22.856 > Ftable 3.16.


We start from the Bethe–Goldstone equation (BGE) to derive a simple orbital-dependent correlation functional—BGE2—which terminates the BGE expansion at the second-order, but retains the self-consistent coupling of electron-pair correlations. We demonstrate that BGE2 is size consistent and one-electron 'self-correlation' free. The electron-pair correlation coupling ensures the correct H2 dissociation limit and gives a finite correlation energy for any system even if it has a no energy gap. BGE2 provides a good description of both H2 and H 2 + dissociation, which is regarded as a great challenge in density functional theory (DFT). We illustrate the behavior of BGE2 analytically by considering H2 in a minimal basis. Our analysis shows that BGE2 captures essential features of the adiabatic connection path that current state-of-the-art DFT approximations do not.


Recently developed simultaneous multislice echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequences permit imaging of the whole brain at short repetition time (TR), allowing the cardiac fluctuations to be fully sampled in blood‐oxygen‐level dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). A novel low computational analytical method was developed to dynamically map the passage of the pulsation signal through the brain and visualize the whole cerebral vasculature affected by the pulse signal. This algorithm is based on a simple combination of fast BOLD fMRI and the scanner's own built‐in pulse oximeter.


Deep neural networks have shown great potential in various ?elds, especially in the ?eld of computer vision. To detect the disc herniation in real-time from MRI images, this paper proposes an improved real-time detection method based on YOLOv3. Based on YOLOv3, this method uses a new detection framework to replace the original, reduces the model parameter capacity required for inference, and improves detection speed. The experimental results show that the method can accurately locate the position of the intervertebral disc in the image and detect whether the disc is protruding or not, and its accuracy is no less than that of YOLOv3 and have fewer parameters.


We study linear perturbations to a Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) background spacetime. Studying the transformation behaviour of the perturbations under gauge transformations, we construct gauge invariant quantities. We show, using the perturbed energy conservation equation, that there are conserved quantities in LTB, in particular a spatial metric trace perturbation, ζ SMTP ?> , which is conserved on all scales. We then briefly extend our discussion to the Lemaître spacetime, and construct gauge-invariant perturbations in this extension of LTB spacetime.


BACKGROUND
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common in high-risk surgical patients. Postoperative ventilatory management may improve their outcomes. Supplemental oxygen through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has become an alternative to classical oxygenation techniques, although the results published for postoperative patients are contradictory. We examined the efficacy of HFNC in postoperative morbidly obese patients who were ventilated intraoperatively with an open-lung approach (OLA).

METHODS
We performed an open, two-arm, randomized controlled trial in 64 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (N=32 in each arm) from May to November 2017 at the Hospital Clínico of Valencia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive HFNC oxygen therapy at the time of extubation or to receive conventional oxygen therapy, both applied during the first three postoperative hours. Intraoperatively, a recruitment maneuver and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure was applied in all patients. The primary outcome was postoperative hypoxemia.

RESULTS
All patients were included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences between the baseline characteristics in either group. Postoperative hypoxemia was less frequent in the HFNC group compared to those who received standard care (28.6% vs. 80.0%, relative risk [RR]: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.150-0.849, p=0.009). Prevalence of atelectasis was lower in the HFNC group (31 vs. 77%, RR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.166-0.925, p=0.013). No severe PPCs were reported in any patient.

CONCLUSIONS
Early application of HFNC in the operating room before extubation and during the immediate postoperative period decreases postoperative hypoxemia in obese patients after bariatric surgery who were intraoperatively ventilated using an OLA approach.


Title: Differential prevalence and associations of Overweight and Obesity by gender and population group among School Learners in South Africa Authors: Sarah Negash (email@example.com) Charles Agyemang (firstname.lastname@example.com) Tandi Matsha (firstname.lastname@example.com) Nasheeta Peer (email@example.com) Rajiv Erasmus (firstname.lastname@example.com) Andre Kengne (email@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 05 May 2017 Author's response to reviews: Reviewer 1: Saad Siddiqui Dr Siddiqui has not raised any critic points.


In this paper, we investigate the magneto-impedance(M1) effect of the FeCoSiB amorphous magnktic films. The amorphous magnetic film having near zero magnetostriction is fabricated by using the sputtering method, and then annealed in magnetic field. When the external magnetic field is directly applied to the fabricated film, the voltage amplitude between both side of the magnetic film varies about 76.2% at 120[MHzl and the impedance varies about 2.1%/0e. Thus, we find that the fabricated magnetic film has the characteristics of good sensor element.


The editors of the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education thank our Book Review Editor, Vai Ramanathan, and our two editorial assistants, Gerda de Klerk (Arizona State University) and Michael W. Campbell (University of Texas, San Antonio), who have played an important role in producing Volume 5 of the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. We also appreciate Cynthia Nelson, who was our guest editor for Volume 5, Issue 1, and Nancy Hornberger, whose article initiated the Forum discussion in Volume 5, Issue 4. We also acknowledge the work of our production editor, Janet Roy of Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., and the many other professionals at Lawrence Erlbaum who have played an important role in the production of the journal. Finally, we are happy to acknowledge the contribution of the following scholars (including members of the Editorial Advisory Board, whose names are preceded by asterisks) who reviewed manuscripts in the period ending December 2005.


: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the common childhood disorders and a serious public health problem. The influence of screen use on ADHD symptoms has been widely concerned, especially with the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more children have access to screens. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand whether screen use is related to children's ADHD symptoms and how it affects children with ADHD. This systematic review used thematic analysis to identify common themes and topics in the recent literature on screen use and children with ADHD: screen type, screen time, effects of screen use. The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective study to extract, identify, explore and summarize common themes in the recent literature regarding screen use and children with ADHD. By inputting keywords related to the topic, literature search is conducted in Google Scholar. The journal articles used were published between 2019 and 2023 and were edited based on abstracts and content analysis. Screen use increased ADHD symptoms, and children with ADHD showed more screen use. Screen use increases ADHD symptoms, disrupts language development, and affects child's development, life, and family. We also considered the relationship between different types of screens and ADHD symptoms. These results provide a reference source for future research and provide a new idea for research.


Phased recirculating anaerobic bioremediation (RAB) pilot studies were initiated in October 2002 and July 2004 at an industrial facility overlying a perchlorate and VOC-impacted fractured bedrock aquifer. The first phase pilot test consisted of retro- fitting existing pump and treat (P&T) system equipment to extract, treat, and amend groundwater before reinjection to the aquifer. Results of the first phase were incorporated into the design of the second pilot test. The pilot tests indicated that the converted system was capable of hydraulically capturing most of the perchlorate and VOCs plumes and also indicated significant concentration reductions ranging from 33 to 99% at the extrac- tion well and surrounding monitoring wells. In addition, a soluble organic electron donor (methanol) was found to be a better alternative than an inorganic substrate such as cal- cium magnesium acetate due to mineral fouling issues. Increasing backpressure in excess of 90 psi at the injection well indicated the need for multiple active injection wells to distribute treated and amended water and reduce injection backpressure. Overall, the RAB pilot studies suggest that the retrofitting of historical remediation systems, including P&T, for use as in situ bioremediation systems may be a cost-effective method to address newly discovered contaminants and/or to accelerate the remediation of impacted sites. This phased technology approach to site remediation is gaining acceptance and can lead to reduced project costs and timelines while maintaining protection of human health and the environment.


This article explores a number of challenges, uncertainties, and opportunities facing science education as new and complex global processes affect the ways in which knowledge is produced and circulated. Major themes of the article include the difficulties of implementing Western science education programs in cross-cultural and/or multicultural settings and the extent to which the doctrine of "constructivism" resolves issues of cultural difference, even for those science educators who are particularly attentive to the cultural contexts of science and science education. It is argued that although Western science educators cannot speak from outside their own Eurocentrism, asking questions about the globalization of science education as a cultural practice might help to make both the limits and strengths of Western science's knowledge traditions more visible.


Dolphins identify prey by using their broadband sonar signals. Considering that the spectrum of fish target strength (TS) leads to identification of objects, we measured the spectrum using dolphin's sonar signals with a broadband system. The TS spectrum is obtained by dividing the echo spectrum by the incident spectrum while setting the projector and hydrophone face to face. First, we measured the broadband form function of a tungsten carbide and copper sphere in a water tank and confirmed good agreements with theoretical value. Second, we measured the spectra of TS of three species of anaesthetized fish in a water tank. Although the spectra showed nearly similar tendencies of past measurements, they changed according to the species, the individual, and the tilt angle. Third, we measured TS spectra of fish suspended by nylon monofilament line in the open sea in semi‐in‐situ. We tried to remove the directivity of transducers by a tungsten carbide sphere suspended near the fish. The change of the TS spectra...


This article, based on Adam Roberts's valedictory lecture as Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, reconsiders the causes and consequences of the end of the Cold War. It argues that a key to understanding these developments is acceptance of pluralism—of theories, of political systems, of cultures, of methods of analysis, and of academic disciplines. Pluralism in at least some of these senses is a recognized strength of International Relations studies in the UK. The long tradition of acceptance of a plural international system, and a plural approach to understanding it, includes figures as varied as John Stuart Mill, Maxim Litvinoff, Alastair Buchan and Hedley Bull. The end of the Cold War was the result of a plural mix of factors: both force and diplomacy; both pressure and detente; both belief and disbelief in the reformability of communism; both civil resistance in some countries and guerrilla resistance in others; both elite action and street politics; both nuclear deterrence and the ideas of some of its critics; both threat and reassurance; both nationalism in the disparate parts of the Soviet empire and supranationalism in the European Community. Paradoxically, the specialists in politics and International Relations who came closest to foreseeing the end of the Cold War were those who made few if any claims to a 'scientific' approach, and whose idea of forecasting was based, at the very most, on Mill's modest concept of 'a certain order of possible progress'. Since the end of the Cold War, simplistic interpretations of how it ended have contributed to narrow understandings of international order. The spirit of imposed universalism having fed from Moscow, has flourished as never before in its other favourite haunt, Washington DC. There is a need to recognize the plurality of perspectives that endure in the post-Cold War world.


Motivated by advances in semiconductor technology and policies from the government, the electric vehicle (EV) has become a promising solution to climate change worldwide. As the core component of the EV, the power module is expected to have high reliability. Considering the different field demands, the power module is generally driven by various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes. However, how to assess and select the appropriate PWM scheme based on the specific field application is a knotty challenge. In this article, a new perspective from the dynamic deformation of the power module is proposed to evaluate various PWM schemes. Based on experimental results, the power loss of the power module is calibrated and applied to the finite element analysis (FEA) model to clarify the deformation mechanism. Besides, the deformation measurement platform with high resolution and accuracy based on the confocal sensor is customized. Comparative results demonstrate that the FEA simulation model presents high agreement with the experimental results in terms of the maximum temperature and overall deformation, which confirm the accuracy of the power loss model. Furthermore, the continuous PWMs (CPWMs) generate the highest temperature and deformation, while the discrete PWM2 (DPWM2) presents the lowest temperature and deformation. The hysteresis curve of the power module consisting of the temperature and deformation is observed. The DPWM2 shows a 53% reduction in the closed area of the hysteresis curve compared to CPWMs, which indicates that it causes the lowest damage degree to the power module. In addition, the experimental results of the partial deformation demonstrate that the DPWM2 also has the lowest partial deformation among various PWMs. Generally, the DPWM2 is recommended when the DPWMs are enabled in the high-speed region of the EV.


The aim of this study was to ascertain if gear ratio selection would have an effect on peak power and time to peak power production in elite BMX cyclists. Eight male elite BMX riders volunteered for the study. Each rider performed three, 10 second maximal sprints on an Olympic standard indoor BMX track. The riders' bicycles were fitted with a portable SRM power meter. Each rider performed the three sprints using gear ratios of 41/16, 43/16, 45/16 tooth. The results from the 41/16 and 45/16 gear ratios were compared to the current standard 43/16 gear ratio. Statistically significant differences were found between the gear ratios for peak power (F(2,14) = 6.448; p = 0.010) and peak torque (F(2,14) = 4.777; p = 0.026), but no significant difference was found for time to peak power (F (2,14) = 0.200; p = 0.821). When comparing gear ratios, the results showed a 45/16 gear ratio elicited the highest peak power,1658 ± 221 W, compared to 1436 ± 129 W and 1380 ± 56 W, for the 43/16 and 41/16 ratios, respectively. The time to peak power showed a 41/16 tooth gear ratio attained peak power in -0.01 s and a 45/16 in 0.22 s compared to the 43/16. The findings of this study suggest that gear ratio choice has a significant effect on peak power production, though time to peak power output is not significantly affected. Therefore, selecting a higher gear ratio results in riders attaining higher power outputs without reducing their start time.


The X-ray linear absorption coefficients have been measured for the alkali halides LiF, NaF, and NaCl using characteristic radiations ranging from SnKα1 to CrKα1. From these measurements values of the imaginary part Δf″ and the real part Δf′ of the X-ray dispersion correction have been deduced for each atomic species. A comparison is made with the values of μ/ϱ, Δf′, and Δf″, which have been calculated by Cromer and Liberman using relativistic quantum mechanics.

On a mesure les coefficients d'absorption lineaire des rayons X pour les halogenures alcalins – LiF, NaF et NaCl – en employant les radiations caracteristiques dans la gamme SnKα1 a CrKα1. A partir de ces mesures on a calcule les valeurs de la partie imaginaire Δf″ et de la partie reelle Δf′ de la correction de dispersion anormale pour chaque type d'atome. On a compare les mesures avec les valeurs de μ/ϱ, Δf′ et Δf″ calculees par Cromer et Liberman en utilisant la technique de la mecanique quantique relativistique.


It is probably fair to say that one powerfully developing trend across a wide range of social and human sciences is to question the older notion of "tradition" as unquestionably central to certain contexts, and take a more critical and scientific approach not only to the process underlying what are called "traditional" but also to the whole notion of "tradition" and how to study it. The purpose of this article is to provide a powerful methodological framework for investigating and describing how Hausa oral praise poetry "tradition" as against written poetry "tradition" is being redefined and recreated in Northern part of Nigeria in "modern" contexts. To achieve this goal, this article focuses on arguing the importance of the study of the following two aspects: 1) aspects of stylistic change observed in Hausa oral poetry tradition; 2) new trends and tendencies of Hausa oral poetry tradition as viewed from the context of the modem socio-political environments.


Identifying the context of location (disambiguation) in legal contracts plays an import role in multiple use cases for lawyers (e.g. due diligence and M&A). Identifying the locations of the parties involved in the contract or agreement and also identifying the Governing law and Jurisdiction from the contract is an interesting problem in the legal space. AI has changed and changing many industries for a number of years (e.g. finance, e-comm, medical, education etc.) but it is relatively new to the legal domain. In this paper, we present a novel approach through which, a system can automatically determine the location of the parties involved and the law under which the contract is governed, as well as the jurisdiction under which contract belongs. The key concept of our approach is to look this problem as a classification task, followed by the extraction and then disambiguation of entities. In this view, we have examined each location context and determined whether it is a Party Location or Governing Law & Jurisdiction. A similar approach can be extended for identifying other key pieces of information from the legal contracts (e.g. change of control clauses, consideration amount, contract dates etc.). We have achieved relatively good accuracy on the limited training and test set described in section 4.


Tomographic processing of path integral electron density records is emerging as a viable tool for ionospheric research. Tomographic processors fall into at least two major classes: those applying the Radon transform and those employing linear algebraic matrix inversion. In this paper we apply one of the latter, the "weighted, damped, least squares" technique of stochastic inversion, to two simulated but realistic data sets. This method, which repeatedly has been applied successfully to ocean acoustic tomography, is particularly suited to solving inverse problems in geophysics because it provides an orderly mechanism for judicious use of a priori or external information to complement sparse or nonuniform path integral data. The limited range of angles through which the ionosphere may be viewed on satellite-to-ground paths represents such a nonuniformity in ionospheric tomography. The method also provides means for estimating uncertainty in the image field, uncertainty which itself is nonuniform.


The accumulation of Sr/sup 90/, Ce/sup 144/, Cs/sup 137/ and Ru/sup 106/ in Charophyta depends on the species, while accumulation of Sr/sup 90/ and Cs/sup 137/ depends on sampling time and vegetative period. The accumulation and excretion of Sr/sup 90/ and Cs/sup 137/ in Charophyta depend both on the exchangeable calcium and potassium in these algae and on the concentration of these elements in water. The Sr/sup 90/ and Cs/sup 137/ are taken up by the Charophyta during short-term experiments not only via absorption on a cell membrane but also via high-rate ion exchange between the environment and cellular components. The Ce/sup 144/ and Ru/sup 106/ uptake by Charophyta cells in short-term experiments occurs via absorption on cellular membrane. The uptake coefficients for aquatic plants notable for high mineralization (Charophyta) appear to be approximately 16 times as high under natural conditions as those under laboratory conditions, while the accumulation factors for Sr/sup 90/ in aquatic plants with fairly low mineralization (phytoplankton, Cladospora, Elodea and duckweed) were the same both under laboratory and natural conditions.


OBJECTIVE: To establish RP-HPLC method for the content determination of icariin in Yishenkang granules. METHODS: Phenomenex-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)column was used. Acetonitrile-water(24 ∶ 76) were used as mobile phase with flow rate at 1.0 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was 270 nm. RESULTS: The linear range of icariin was 430.4~1 506.4 μg(r=0.999 8) with an average recovery of 99.56%(RSD=1.20%,n=9). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible for the quality control of Yishenkang granules.


In order to investigate mid and early biosynthetic steps of angucycline group antibiotics, approximately 400 mutants ofthe urdamycin producer Streptomyces fradiae (strain Tu 2717) were prepared, of which ca. 10% were selected for further investigations. The selection criterion, i.e., the consideration of only pale-colored metabolite-producing blocked mutants, yielded several mutants whose block was in close proximity to the known late-stage biosynthetic steps


A new method of diesel engine fault diagnosis that uses image recognition technology based on fractal dimension is proposed. The Wigner-Ville distributions of six kinds of vibration acceleration signals which are acquired from diesel engine cylinder head are calculated by time-frequency analysis, and a series of time-frequency gray images can be obtained from above distributions by image processing. According to the theory of fractal, we can obtain a group of fractal texture characteristic parameters from these gray images. At the same time, in the process of pattern recognition, we adopt BP neural network to classify these image texture fractal characteristic parameters, and then we can identify diesel engine valve gap abnormal status. Experiment results show that the proposed method can distinguish different texture characteristic of time-frequency gray images which are generated from different valve gap status of diesel engine, and this method is worth for further study.


Environmental quality and sustainability seek to preserve, enhance, and protect our environmental resources that directly aim at providing an amicable quality of life and sustainable development for the upcoming generations. Considering the hazardous environmental urban quality in Delhi NCR, air pollution is the topmost factor deteriorating the health of the population in general. The urban air database by WHO reports Delhi exceeding the maximum PM10 limit by almost 10-times at 292 μg/m3. Noticing that an individual's surroundings have an enormous value in human lives, the study aimed at understanding the impact of urban environmental quality, residential satisfaction, and personality on the quality of life among residents of Delhi NCR. In addition, we also track the environmental world views to attitudes on pro-environmental behavior in understanding sustainability. The results from the SEM model indicated that one index rise in RESS lead to a fall in quality of life by 0.029 point value, whereas one index rise in personality could enhance the quality of life by 0.15 point value. Pro-environmental behaviors and urban environmental factors did not showcase any significant impact on the quality of life.


An active silencer has been developed to attenuate combustion engine exhaust noise. The silencer consists of an electrically controlled valve connected to a buffer volume. The pulsating flow from the engine is buffered in the volume. The valve connected to it is controlled such that only the mean flow passes to the atmosphere. This flow is free from fluctuations and consequently free of sound. An iterative learning controller has been developed to control the active valve. In the control algorithm, non-causal filters are implemented. These filters allow to control systems with high dynamics over a broad frequency range. The active silencer has been experimentally validated on a cold engine simulator, which generates realistic exhaust noise and gas flow using compressed air. The exhaust noise has been reduced in a frequency range starting from 5 Hz until 800 Hz. Depending on the rotational speed of the engine, the typical reductions ranges from 13 dB to 24 dB.


This chapter contains sections titled: Fundamental Concepts, Submerged Jet, Velocity Profiles in a Submerged Jet, Spread of a Turbulent Submerged Jet, Lines of Constant Velocity in a Submerged Jet, Velocity Variation Along the Axis of a Submerged Jet, Heat Transfer in a Submerged Jet, Diffusion of Constituents in a Submerged Jet, Velocity, Temperature, and Concentration Profiles in a Turbulent Jet Spreading into an External Stream of Fluid, Spread of a Turbulent Jet into a Coflowing or Counterflowing External Stream, Turbulence Characteristics in a Free Jet


Harassment is a recurrent theme in business literature, with perspectives, although different, converging on one aspect: this practice should be banned from organizations, and, to do this, there is a need to understand it in greater depth. Thus, this study analyzes harassment lawsuits in order to identify divergences and convergences between the sentences/lawsuits pursued by the Labor Justice, and it also analyzes discourses in the court records, as well as discourses by the victims and managers from organizations held accountable, adopting as reference some harassment categories. Unlike traditional scientific studies, which take into account the victims' perspective, this study goes beyond by also considering managers from organizations where the cases under analysis took place. The research strategy used is case study, by means of triangulation of data obtained through interviews with victims and managers and documentary analysis. With this design, the study was conducted in two complementary phases: the first mapped cases of harassment filed with Labor Justice and the second analyzed ten cases of harassment against women who have


Objective The result of electrophysiologic study and ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathways(AP)with the electrophysiologic properties of Mahaim fiber in three patients was summarized and reported.Methods All of the 3 patients(2 male and 1 female)had paraxysmal palpitation.One of them had syncope.After the routine programmed stimulation and ventricular activation sequence mapping(VASM),the ablation target was determined according to the recording of AP potential and/or VASM.Results All patients had the common electrophysiologic properties of Mahaim fiber.The earliest ventricular activation was adjacent to the tricuspid annulus and no definite AP potential was recorded during mapping procedure in all 3 patients.The ablation target were determined according to VASM along the tricuspid annulus and all AP were successfully ablated.The number of radiofrequency applications was 8,3 and 6 respectively.Conclusion After the confirmation of the diagnosis,the successful ablation could be obtained by the guide of VASM along the tricuspid annulus,and the AP potential need not be sedulously seeked.


ABSTRAcr Liquid cultures of very few tree species have been grown in vitro to obtain cell suspensions as a prelLrle to somatic embryogenesiS. The few refX)rts pJblished on Ulmus, Liquidarnbar and Santalum species indicate that plantlets can be obtained either through direct embryos or from nodule like structures that develop into shoots. The present paper refX)rts the establishment of suspension cultures from Shorea roxburghii (Dipterocarpa ceae) cotyledon callus and attempts to induce organogenesis. The dipterocarps are the major timber trees of S.E. Asia with very high eXfX)rt value. 1. INl'RODUCTION The Dipterocarpaceae comprises many tropical hardwood species and members of the genus Shorea are a particularly valuable source of timber in S.E. Asia. Due to heavy logging, dipterocarp forest is being depleted and natural regeneration of some species in logged forest is slow and limited (5,12). Phenological data on dipterocarps are scarce. Tissue cuI ture may facilitate the production of plantlets for reforestation, genetic improvement and oonservation of germplasm of these valuable timber trees. There have been few reports of tissue culture of dipterocarps. Scott et al. (9,10) produced plantlets of Shorea roxburghii G. Oon. and Hopea odorata Roxb. by rooting axillary shoots which had been induced from embryonic axes and embryos respectively. Cotyledons of both the above species produced callus and/or roots in the presence of 2,4-0. Smits and Struycken (12) likewise induced call us and roots in leaf explants of S. curtisii. No attempts at suspension culture have been refX)rted to date.Relatively few tree species have been grown in cell suspension form. Durzan and Lopushanski (3) established suspension cultures from hypocotyl callus of American elm (Ulmus americana) which, \~en plated on agar medium without growth regulators, gave rise to red and green nodules which later developed into shoots. Sommer and Brown (13) grew hypocotyl callus of Jlmerican sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in liquid medium and after 4 months embryoids capable of developinq into normal plants were obtained. Embryogenesis was also repOrter] in suspension cultures of sandalwood (Santalum album) (11). This paper refX)rts the establishment of suspension cultures from Shorea roxburghii cotyledon callus, subsequent growth studies, and attempts to induce organogenesis. 2. r.tATERIALS AND METHOD,':;


The article highlights the role of the state as an element of the institutional mechanism in increasing the multiplicative effect of agricultural development. The tasks of the state agrarian policy aimed at achieving certain strategic goals have been identified. The directions of functioning of the institutional mechanism of agricultural sector development are outlined: improvement of normative-legal provision and system of state planning of agricultural sector development, formation of effective mechanism of state support of agricultural producers, improvement of structure of state regulation institution, overcoming institutional traps of state regulation of agrarian sector. The signs of the mechanism of state support for the development of agricultural production in Ukraine, which is represented by a set of organizational and functional institutions, are given. The main instruments of state support of agricultural production are highlighted: measures for preferential and priority lending for investment projects; preferential insurance of crops of certain agricultural crops; distribution of budget funds in different directions. The state subsidizes interest rates on loans to agricultural production entities, the formation of regional and state food funds, leasing, etc. The importance of approximation of the legislation of Ukraine to the regulations in force in the EU in the field of technical regulation of the lists of national standards, which are identical to the harmonized European standards, is determined. The main problems in the domestic agricultural sector are outlined. It is noted that the formation and implementation of state support mechanisms should ensure the development of peasant farms, financing of production and social infrastructure, soft loans and insurance of agricultural activities, streamlining the tax system. It is important to achieve optimal interaction between the use of market relations and rational state intervention in agriculture. The main components of the institutional mechanism of state support of the agricultural sector in modern conditions are offered.


4th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future 2019 (ICAMBF 2019) The 4th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future 2019 (ICAMBF 2019) was held on October 7-8, 2019 in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. ICAMBF 2019 is an international scientific forum that was initiated to overcome material problems as well as factors affecting them that have emerged as the main issue and challenge attracting more attention from various scientists, government, and regulatory bodies worldwide. The ICAMBF 2019 was attended by leading scientists from countries near and abroad who work in the field of material. This event based on theme "Insight Toward Novel Research in Field of Materials for a Better Life" that aims to provide a forum for scientists, researchers, and engineers within the nation and from around the world to present, discuss, share, and exchange their knowledge, experiences, and research finding on all aspects of material. Thus, this conference can give an excellent overview in all scope of fields including Functional Material, Material Chemistry and Physics, Advanced Nanomaterials, Polymer and Composites, Drug and Biomaterials Technology, Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Advanced Materials for Energy, Advanced Materials for Energy, Materials In Industry, Civil and Construction Materials, Metallurgy and Alloy Materials. We are pleased to our outstanding invited speakers Prof. David Black, Prof. Yuichi Sato, Prof. Ari Handono Ramelan, Dr. B. Muthuraaman, Prof. Nurul Taufiqu Rochman, Dr. MD. Rahim Bin Sahar FS and other participated speakers for sharing the best knowledge in Advanced Material. We also thanks to all researchers and student who participate in conference by submitting their papers to convey the current science discussed at ICAMBF 2019, all of the organizing committee wish you get awesome conference experience, and reviewers for their valuable revision of these papers. Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, M.Sc (Hons), Ph.D Chairman of ICAMBF 2019


Organic fertilizer factories in Nigeria were assessed to determine their economic viability and the best technology option. Initial investment and economic performance of the factories were evaluated using questionnaire and records. The study revealed most of the factories (80%) are profitable. In actual performance, 20% of the factories attained viability due mainly to low capacity utilizations. Eighty percent (80%) of the factories used low level technology (LLT) while 20% used medium level technology (MLT).The LLT option recorded higher viability and lower break-even period than the MLT. However, projections of performance for the two options when sensitivity at higher capacity utilizations to selling price and project useful life were computed revealed they are both viable with MLT returning higher viability than the LLT. The study recommend product promotion, private sector involvement, close collaborations between industry and academia, paradigm shift from current agricultural system, and stronger policies from government as steps towards enhanced viability. Keywords: Organic fertilizer factories, economic viability, technology option, economic performance.


The partial laryngectomy, either vertical or horizontal, aims at complete removal of the tumor with preservation of these functions by conserving the mobile portions of the larynx controlled by the nerve. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy for malignant tumors have markedly progressed, some cases still need to be treated by total laryngectomy. They lose all of the functions. Postoperative phonation in such cases has to be restored by an artificial instrument or esophageal voice.


Summary Thirty male miniature swine were fed a beef tallow basal ration supplemented with crude soybean phosphatides and menhaden oil with and without 0.5% cholesterol for a period of 48 weeks. The animals that received no cholesterol supplement all maintained normal plasma cholesterol values (75–85 mg %). The swine fed soybean phosphatides plus cholesterol showed no change in plasma cholesterol values. The swine fed beef tallow showed on cholesterol supplementation a rise in plasma cholesterol, but returned to normal in 12 weeks. The swine fed menhaden oil showed a 100% increase in plasma cholesterol when supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol and, although this level decreased, it remained substantially above the remaining groups throughout the experiment. Fecal analyses of cholesterol showed much less cholesterol in the feces of fish oil-fed pigs supplemented with cholesterol, indicating that the fish oil (or the highly unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil) may have facilitated the absorption of the dietary cholesterol. The heart and liver analyses showed much lower levels of cholesterol than the other groups, suggesting that the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fish oil may have aided in transport of the cholesterol to prevent an accumulation in these tissue sites.


ABSTRACT VARIOUS investigators have shown that the stability of carcass fats with respect to their resistance to oxidative rancidity is closely related to the tocopherol content of the fat. While the content of fatty acids of varying degrees of unsaturation is also reported to be directly related to the stability of carcass fats, Kummerow et al. (1950), Chu and Kummerow (1950), and Klose et al. (1951), there is general agreement that increasing the tocopherol content of depot fat results in greater resistance to rancidification. Phillips and Williams (1950) found that supplementing the diet of two-month old chickens with 50 mg. of alpha tocopherol acetate daily for 15 days appreciably increased the stability of the skin fat. Similar results for the fat of turkey tissues have been reported by Criddle and Morgan (1947). Mecchi et al. (1956), on the other hand, found that one to five week supplementation of the diet with . . .


This manual was developed by the Centre for Health Service Development at the University of Wollongong and funded by the NSW Ageing Disability and Home Care (ADHC). It is based on advice from the annual reviews of previous editions and is designed to assist teachers and teacher aids to undertake the functional assessments that form part of the 2010 NSW Post School Programs Eligibility Assessment.


Data were collected in l965, 1983, 1994 and 2000 to monitor changes in species diversityand life form spectrum of the subalpine meadow in Dongling mountainous area in the western part of Bei-jing municipality. The results show that diversity has been declining from 1965 to the present, and therate of decline has become much higher since the 1980s. Use of importance values (IV) to describe lifeform spectra demonstrates that the life form spectra of the meadow communities has changed greatly since1983, showing the side effects of the tourism on the appearances of the meadow. Specifically, height ofthe meadow communities became shorter, species composition changed, and coverage decreased, all instep with a continual increase in horse population that accompanied tourism development during the peri-od from the early 1980s to the present. The results suggest that over-browsing by horses was the maincause of diversity loss and meadow ecosystem degradation. According to the problems existing in the tour-ist spot of Dongling mountainous area, we suggest that the local departments concerned should determinerational Iimits for tourism. In particular, we recommend rigidly restricting horse browsing around themeadow, shutting down the sites for horse racing and the tent for browsing horses in the spot as soon aspossible, and reinforcing awareness-building programs. In general, the area should be managed for theconservation of biodiversity as well as for development, and the service functions of the ecosystem shouldbe emphasized so as to realize the sustainable use of meadow resources in the mountainous area based onprotection of the ecological environment.


Carotico-cavernous fistula represent abnormal communication between the carotid circulation and the cavernous sinus. They can be classified as direct or indirect which are separate conditions with different aetiologies. Direct Carotico-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are often secondary to trauma, and as such the demographics reflect the distribution of head trauma, most commonly seen in the young male patients. Presentation is acute and symptoms develop rapidly. In contrast, indirect CCFs have a predilection for the postmenopausal female patient and the onset of symptoms is often insiduous. Other conditions that predispose to increased risk include. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Fibromuscular dysplasia. INTRODUCTION: Carotid cavernous fistula may arise from head injury or may occur spontaneously. Post traumatic cases account for about 75% of direct fistulas between internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus. These are often associated with fracture of base of the skull. CASE REPORT: A 32yrs old woman presented with history of head injury followed by right sided ptosis with mild enophthalmos and chemosis. There was no previous history of ocular or systemic disease. CT angiography revealed enlarged cavernous sinus with several dilated venous channels including ipsilateral superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) in the right orbit.


Laparoscopic surgery has dramatically reduced the need for long incisions in surgery. During la− paroscopic surgery, trocars for a rigid optic and for each instrument are introduced through the abdominal wall. Today, in natural orifice endo− luminal surgery (NOTES), the natural orifices are used to introduce a flexible endoscope with or without the use of an overtube. Inside the human body, entrance to the peritoneum is gained by making an incision in the organ wall. Most proce− dures do still use one or more trocars through the abdominal wall, with a preference for location at the umbilicus. Proponents of NOTES believe that it is a new and significant step in reducing the invasiveness of the procedure. We do agree that visible incisions are reduced or possibly in the future will be a− voided altogether, by using a flexible optic with instruments either guided through integrated channels, or by channels integrated into an over− tube. This means better cosmesis. What is unclear but crucial is whether NOTES can be as safe as laparo− scopic surgery.


The development of regional innovation systems (RIS), aimed at the growth of a region, can be fostered by the use of a portal of open innovation (OI). The purpose of the article is to identify the requirements for a portal of OI to RIS. The work was conducted in two stages. Were initially identified the requirements for a portal SRI through analysis of the literature, interviews with experts in RIS, and analysis of portals of OI. The following are the requirements identified were prioritized using the QFD (Quality Function Deployment), and analyzed the perceptions of stakeholders using cluster analysis. 14 have been identified, seven of these requirements specific to an RIS. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of two groups of stakeholders to prioritize different requirements in a portal of OI for a RIS. The results make it possible to build a portal of OI that meets the specific needs of an RIS, in addition to indicate that the portal can be customized to meet the priorities of different stakeholders.


The current survey, through the sample examined, confirmed the general negative sentiment and opinion of the public about the Greek National Healthcare System (NHS). In addition, it confirmed the public's positive attitude towards the alternative of the private healthcare system. Furthermore, this survey revealed interesting aspects of the way in which the public perceives its satisfaction and confidence. Apart from providing these findings, this survey also shed light on the differences between different groups of the population with regard to their expectations


Tidal cycle measurements of tidal currents, salinity and water temperature, and suspended sediment conc entra-tions were measured at four stations, together with surveys along two profiles short core collection within the Yalu River estuary.Grain size analysis of the three core sediment showed that: 1) the sediment from B1 to B3 became finer, worse sorting andpositively skewed; 2) the diversification of matter origin became more and more evident from east to west; 3) the sediments overthe region were of the same origin, as indicated by their similar colors and grain sizes. The data indicated that stratiticationoccurred in the flood season, from upstream to downstream, and a salt wedge was formed. The water column was well mixed, butthe longitudinal gradient of the salinity was larger on spring tide. The results also showed that the dominating mechanisnt ofsuspended sediment transport in the Yalu River estuary was T1, T2, T3 and T5. The non-tidal steady advection transport wasrestricted by the net transport of suspended sediment induced by mass Stoked drift directed to landwards, then the net sedimenttransport rate were decreased and the turbidity maxima was also favored to forming and extending.


In one technique, a desired electrical current distribution on at least three active electrodes is selected. An electrical energy perturbation is generated on at least one electrode. A current to-voltage relationship at each active electrode is estimated based on the energy perturbation. The current-to-voltage rela tionship for each active electrode takes into account current flow through other active electrodes. The voltage distribution necessary to achieve the desired current distribution is deter mined based on the estimated current-to-voltage relationship. Voltage-regulated energy is conveyed between the electrodes and tissue in accordance with the determined electrical volt age distribution. In another technique, an electrical energy perturbation on at least one of the electrodes is generated. Network resistances for each of at least three active electrodes are computed in response to the energy perturbation. The network resistances represent the resistances between the electrodes and common node to which the electrodes are connected.


T Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force1 has significantly changed the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for eye cancer. The 7th edition incorporates more clinically relevant, site-specific staging systems for primary cancers of the eyelids, eye, and orbit.2 All chapters now include detailed clinical and pathology guidelines for data acquisition and tissue processing, while collecting evidence-based biomarkers and prospective data points. In 2004, pairs of clinical and pathology specialists were assigned to review each of the 6th edition AJCC chapters for their clinical, pathology, and research utility. Each pair was charged with creating a new, evidence-based medical foundation for its staging systems. They were required to seek biomarkers (known risk factors) and up to 6 data points for evaluation as potential ''future'' biomarkers. Their initial drafts were reviewed by a second clinician and pathologist team of reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were discussed during periodic subcommittee teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. Then, each section was subjected to review by multiple additional specialists. During this 4-year process, the Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force grew to include 45 eye cancer specialists from 10 countries (including 3 official International Union Against Cancer [UICC; L'Union Internationale Contre le Cancer] representatives) who worked together to define a comprehensive, anatomically based TNM (tumornode-metastasis)–based staging system for eye cancer. This peer-review system allowed for an evaluation, synthesis, and consensus for clinical practice parameters and pathology techniques and review. The following AJCC chapters are reviewed in 3 different papers published in this joint issue for ophthalmic pathology between the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Archives of Ophthalmology.


In this paper, the experiences and the issues encountered during deployment and management of Worldwide LHC Computing Grid node in Pakistan (NCP-LCG2) have been presented. After describing about some significant figures and requirements regarding WLCG, it moves to discuss the core subject matter covering the challenges faced as well as the lessons learnt from running the setup during this time. A special emphasis is made on the weak and unstable network, non-standard hardware and insubstantial power infrastructure available for the setup, and as a consequence what was the performance of the site. This experience is unique and would be very beneficial to existing and new grid sites facing similar conditions. In the final part, a few of the online sites' performance monitoring tools are referred to along with the standings of NCP-LCG2 with respect to each. The historical statistics results have been shown in the form of graphs illustrating the contrast and achievements under the weak and then improved infrastructure of NCP-LCG2 within the WLCG planet.


A lighting cavity is a reflecting box with light sources inside. Its exit side is covered with a diffuser plate to mix and distribute light, which addresses a key issue of luminaires, display backlights, and other illumination systems. We derive a simple but precise formula for the optical efficiency of diffuser plates attached to a light cavity. We overcome the complexity of the scattering theory and the difficulty of the multiple calculations involved, by carrying out the calculation with a single ray of light that statistically represents all the scattered rays. We constructed and tested several optical cavities using light-emitting diodes, bulk-scattering diffusers, white scatter sheets, and silver coatings. All measurements are in good agreement with predictions from our optical model. On the cause of disability glare and its dependence on glare angle, age and ocular pigmentation, " Clin. Discomfort glare caused by white LED light sources, " J. LED light distribution cavities using low loss, angle-selective interference transflectors, " Opt. Photometric image processing for high dynamic range displays, " J. Evaluation of LCD local-dimming-backlight system, " J. An iterative model of diffuse illumination from bidirectional photometric data, " Opt. Compact large-area uniform colour-selectable calibration light source, Light transmission from a randomly rough dielectric diffuser: theoretical and experimental results, " Opt. " Determining the irradiance signal from an asymmetric source with directional detectors: application to calibrations of radiometers with diffusers, " Appl. Solar energy transmittance of translucent samples: A comparison between large and small integrating sphere measurements, " Sol. Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance, " Appl. " 30% external quantum efficiency from surface textured, thin-film light-emitting diodes, " Appl.


Despite the importance of the linear consensus algorithm for networked systems, yet, there is no agreement on the intrinsic mathematical structure that supports the observed exponential averaging behavior among n agents for any initial condition. Here we add to this discussion in linear consensus theory by introducing relative entropy as a novel Lyapunov function. We show that the configuration space of consensus systems is isometrically embedded into a statistical manifold. On projective n-1-space relative entropy is a common time-invariant Lyapunov function along solutions of the time-varying algorithm. For cases of scaled symmetry of the update law, we expose a gradient flow structure underlying the dynamics that evolve relative entropy in a steepest descent gradient scheme. On that basis we provide exact performance rates and upper bounds based on spectral properties of the update law governing the behavior on the statistical manifold. The condition of scaled symmetry allows to exhibit gradient flow structures for cases where the original update law is neither doubly stochastic, nor self-adjoint. The results related to the gradient flow structure are obtained by exploiting lossless passivity properties.We show that lossless passivity of a dynamical system implies a gradient flow structure on a manifold and vice versa. Exploiting lossless passivity amounts to constructing the combination of dissipation (pseudo)metric with Lyapunov function.


484 Background: Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with increased adverse outcomes. Research conducted early in the COVID-19 pandemic suggested an 8 week delay after SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to undergoing surgery. The aim of this study is to determine if prior COVID-19 infection is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes following surgery for urologic cancers. A secondary objective was to determine the optimal duration to delay surgery, specifically cystectomy, prostatectomy, or nephrectomy, after COVID-19 infection. Methods: Data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data enclave was used to conduct this retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with cancer diagnoses that underwent surgery for urologic cancers after January 2020 were included in the analyses. Urologic surgeries were queried using standard SNOMED concepts corresponding to cystectomy, nephrectomy, and prostatectomy. Patients were assessed for adverse postoperative events that were defined using standard SNOMED clinical concepts. COVID-19 positive patients were identified via the N3C Knowledge Store using positive lab measurement or a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Analyses were conducted in the N3C data enclave. Results: The study cohort included 38,974 total patients with 15,216, 14,778, and 8,980, undergoing cystectomy, prostatectomy, and nephrectomy, respectively. 2,807 had a history of COVID-19 infection greater than 20 days prior to surgery. Prior history of COVID-19 was independently associated with adverse outcomes for cystectomy (OR 1.21 [1.03-1.43], p<0.05) and nephrectomy (OR 1.27 [1.06-1.52], p<0.05), but not prostatectomy (OR 1.14 [0.95-1.36]). Multivariable regression assessing time to surgery and risk for any adverse events, did not reveal significant benefit to waiting greater than 20 days after COVID-19 infection to operate. Conclusions: Patients with known prior COVID-19 infection who underwent surgical treatment of urologic cancers experienced increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes. Among this group, those who delayed surgery greater than 20 days after infection did not demonstrate decreased risk of these negative outcomes across the procedures studied. Optimal surgical delay in the treatment of urologic cancers after COVID-19 infection does not appear to be greater than 20 days.


The traditional course of literature retrieval integrated with quality education is helpful to the undergraduates.The paper advises that students should not only retrieve the current literature,but also the out-dated.


The Twenty-fifth Congress of the CPSU, which stressed the role of science in the development of Soviet society, called on Soviet researchers to broaden and further deepen their investigations of the problems and in the directions that are most timely in the practical and scholarly senses. Important tasks face the social sciences, history among them.


Background:
Individuals with joint pain and carrying serum autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at high risk of developing RA. While there are currently no evidence-based guidelines to inform therapy decisions for such subjects, there are therapies licensed for the treatment of established RA that target pathways implicated in the earliest phase of the disease. Accordingly, we set out to test the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a 52-week period of treatment with the first in class costimulatory blocker abatacept for preventing or delaying the onset of inflammatory arthritis.
Methods and Design
The APIPPRA study was designed as a randomised, double blind, parallel group placebo-controlled clinical trial, aiming to recruit 206 male or female subjects from the secondary care hospital setting across the UK and the Netherlands. Participants aged 18 or over who report inflammatory sounding joint pain (clinically suspicious arthralgia) and who are found to be positive for serum autoantibodies associated with RA, will be randomised to receive weekly injections of investigational medicinal product (IMP), either abatacept or placebo treatment over a 52-week period. All study subjects consent to a further 52 weeks of follow up to monitor for the primary endpoint, the time to development of ≥ 3 swollen joints, or to the fulfillment of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA using swollen but not tender joints, whichever endpoint is met first. In either case, swollen joints are confirmed by ultrasonography.
Discussion
There is limited experience of the design and implementation of trials for the prevention of inflammatory joint diseases. Here, we propose to explore the effects of immunomodulatory therapy at the very earliest detectable phase of disease using an intervention that is already licensed for use in established RA. We discuss the rationale behind choice and duration of treatment, the challenges associated with defining the "at risk" state, and offer pragmatic solutions in the protocol to enrolling subjects at risk of RA.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials, ID: ISRCTN46017566. Registered on 04 July 2014


During the closing decades of the 20th century an international focus on the need to 're-invent' government and, along with this, to re-examine and reform ethical conduct developed in public institutions. Legislators and their parliaments around the world were not immune from this trend. The doctrine of ministerial accountability in Westminster-derived parliaments was a key element of this focus. Furthermore, some argued that the regeneration of the institution of parliament itself and a restatement of the obligations issuing from the protection of parliamentary privilege were essential components for such a revitalisation of governance in public life.


Global Illumination (GI) algorithms came to fruition in the Graphics labs of USA, Europe, Japan, and beyond, during the 1980s and 1990s. The researchers who developed the algorithms had expert knowledge of the underlying physics, and an even more expert knowledge of how their own software behaved (and misbehaved!).

Ten years ago, only the most specialised applications contained GI rendering algorithms – those targetted at architects, or automotive manufacturers, or digital imagery for movies/advertising. The number of seats was always small, and the price per seat was always large.

Radiosity, ray tracing and photon mapping, final gathering, irradiance caches and the use of MC and QMC importance sampling may all appear on an undergraduate graphics course in 2007, but they are still not the kind of thing one overhears being discussed in the average public house, or cafe!

Yet today, it is hard to find AEC or MCAD software that does not contain such algorithms. Many of the public houses and cafes where the algorithms are not discussed contain customers who have kitchen (or bathroom, or garden) design software on their PC/Mac at home. They might not use it very often, nor explore its limits when they do use it, but use it they do. There are many millions of such users, and none of them has paid very much for the software in question.

This talk will discuss the difficulties and opportunities that arise when designing GI software for such a market place, and will outline some of the shortcuts and tricks that are commonly employed by those writing the code.


The discussion of the distinguishing features of the osteology of the plethodontid salamander BolittJglossa adspersa from the Chingaza National Natural Park is given. This work is part of an osteologycal and myological study wich has been done with twenty-five specimens. For obtaining dry skeletons of one male and one fe,ale, the technique described by SIMMONS (1986) was followed. Twelve specimens were diferentially stained for bone and cartilage following the procedura described by DINGERKUS & UHLER (1977). The fussion of the tll.fsus (1+2+3) was observed, contrary to whatis found in otherpapers, in wich is reported that the fussion is between tarsus (3+4+5).


Optical spectra and direct images reveal that a very faint, scarcely studied object (HaTr 10) which appears as an incomplete elliptical ring of 0.′4 × 0 .′2 is a heavily obscured planetary nebula with exceptionally strong nitrogen lines ([N ii] λ6583/Hα ≈ 6). In the Hα/[N ii] versus Hα/[S ii] diagnostic diagram, the object does not resemble H ii regions or supernova remnants. It is quite far from the locus of the bulk of (bipolar) planetary nebulae. Photoionization models can well reproduce the observed emission lines, by using a gas of density 500 cm−3 and with abundances of N = 8.6, O = 8.2, and all other elements with solar abundances. On our deepest CCD frames the nebula is considerably larger (1.′5 × 1 .′0), showing butterfly‐like faint extensions. These symmetrical lobes, the ring around its waist, and the very high nitrogen abundance support the classification of HaTr 10 as an extreme bipolar planetary nebula. We suggest that very deep frames of nebulae that appear morphologically akin to HaTr 10 should be obtained to enable or support a reliable classification.


The experiment was conducted in field conditions, at the experimental station of the Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio Verde – GO. The objective was to value the performance of cultivars and strains of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) during winter, in irrigation system, aiming the utilization of this material as alternative to intercrop. Was applied a depth of 700 mm, using conventional sprinklers. The experimental plots were composed of five lines, spaced at 0,5 m with 4,0 m of length (10 m²), with 12 plants / m², with a population of 240.000 plants/ha -1 . The treatments were composed of three cultivars (BR-1 = T1, T2 = BRS Havana, T3 = Tatu) and three strains (T4 = 184 AM, 283 AM =T5, T6 = 298


A new joint channel-coding, modulation and space-time coding scheme is proposed as a new multi-antenna Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) scheme called "Matrix Coded Modulation" or "MCM". The existing non-coherent schemes such as the Differential Space-Time Modulation (DSTM) leads to performance degradation compared to coherent systems in which perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed. Decoding in the MCM schemes is performed iteratively, based on specified detection criteria. This new scheme is also adapted for coherent and non-coherent systems. The polynomial distribution of the Euclidean distance based on the detection criteria depends on the Hamming minimal distance of the channel-error correcting code employed in the MCM scheme.


The comprehensive numerical model MODIS for the simulation of pollutant dispersion from a point source is integrated in the graphical shell of Hydro–Quebec. The shell has been developed by Hydro–Quebec to offer a valuable scheme for various applications of software products, which were originally conceived only for scientific purposes. MODIS, developed by the GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht and the Ontario Ministry of Environment, is a powerful simulation model, which calculates the behaviour of plumes in the lower atmosphere. The model was validated under a bilateral project in the framework of Canadian–German co–operation by using data of the EPRI Plume Model Validation Project. A further application of MODIS has been undertaken to determine the dispersion of gaseous mercury from a previous strong emission source located in the former German Democratic Republic.


Objetive To study the effect of Paeonol on PGI,TXA2,ET and NO in diabetic rats.Methods Streptozocin was used in dosage of 60 mg/kg on rats to make diabetic animal model.Defferent dosages of Paeonol were used on diabetic animal models.6-Keto-PGF1α,TXB2,ET and NO were tested after 30 days. Results Compared to the control group,6-Keto-PGF1α(pg/mL)of Paeonol groups increased from 89.75± 2.75,89.97±7.28,89.97±11.36 to 120.03±13.85,108.34±11.25,105.32±8.85 respectively;TXB2 (pg/mL)decreased from 157.64±10.36,156.64±11.35,153.33±19.40 to 124.46±18.67,136.40±18.15, 138.40±22.20 respectively;ET(pg/mL)decreased from 181.68±5.10,181.27±4.76,181.04±4.19 to 140.55±3.01,150.51±2.22,161.02±3.76.The change of 6-Keto-PGF1α,TXB2 and ET was related to the dosage of Paeonol.NO has no significant change.Conclusions Paeonol can decrease the ET and TXB2 in diabetic rats,and increase 6-Keto-PGF1αin diabetic rats.


This book presents a unique, real-life' analysis of the organization of production in small firms, centering the discussion around three detailed case studies.


This paper investigates how forward and backward attentions can be integrated to improve the performance of attention-based sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) speech recognition systems. In the proposed approach, speech is decoded from left to right as well as from right to left utilizing forward and backward attention vectors, and the best sentence hypothesis is searched for ac-cording to combined probabilities provided by the decoders of two directions. Our method takes advantage of two distinct and complementary ways of extracting information from the asymmetric time structure of speech. It also mitigates a drawback of attention-based models that they tend to output less reliable labels due to error accumulation when the utterance becomes longer. We also show the effectiveness of a multitask learning in which the forward decoder is jointly trained with backward decoding sharing a single encoder. The proposed forward-backward decoding improved word error rates (WERs) of word-level attention models by up to 12.7 % relative in speech recognition experiments using large-scale spontaneous speech cor-pora. They achieve much higher performances than a state-of-the-art hybrid DNN-HMM system while retaining the advantage of very low latency.


Most writers have agreed with the platonic conception that justice is giving a person his due.1 There is far less agreement about what is due a person and how it is determined, but it is understood that the idea of desert is somehow central. So far as justice is concerned, a person is due no less and no more than he deserves. Thus, one path toward an understanding of justice is to inquire about desert, and, if desert is not treated simply as a synonym for justice, it furnishes a test of results reached in other ways.2 Justice as desert is contrasted with the idea of entitlement, with which it is said commonly to be confused.' Entitlements are the product of rules, which may, but need not, reflect desert and, therefore, justice. So, although one could not without irony speak of a person's "unjust deserts," it is often appropriate to speak of a person's unjust entitlements.4


Over the years the rapid growth of the tourism industry has revealed itself to be a major source of income and social improvement for many. However, with this growth comes the undoubtable carbon footprint it carries. As a result, the growth and expansion of many tourism ecolabels have surfaced in the hopes of alleviating the negative environmental impacts the tourism industry imposes. This study aimed to ascertain the impacts of tourism ecolabels on businesses. It assessed the level of success of the ecolabel within the organisation as well as ascertained the benefits and challenges associated with ecolabel certification. A quantitative research approach was used and the data was collected by means of online questionnaires that were targeted at managers of tourism businesses in South Africa. The study reveals that tourism businesses in South Africa do experience the benefits of being certified with an ecolabel in terms of the natural, socio-cultural and economic environments. However, the high costs associated with being certified, the lack of general public awareness regarding ecolabels and the absence of government support are still prevalent. Consequently, cost reduction, promotion of public awareness as well as government support are the main areas of improvement required by tourism establishments with regard to ecolabels.


Yttrium iron garnet is a complex ferrimagnetic insulator with 20 magnon modes which is used extensively in fundamental experimental studies of magnetisation dynamics. As a transition metal oxide with moderate gap (2.8 eV), yttrium iron garnet requires a careful treatment of electronic correlation. We have applied quasiparticle self-consistent GW to provide a fully ab initio description of the electronic structure and resulting magnetic properties, including the parameterisation of a Heisenberg model for magnetic exchange interactions. Subsequent spin dynamical modelling with quantum statistics extends our description to the magnon spectrum and thermodynamic properties such as the Curie temperature, finding favourable agreement with experimental measurements. This work provides a snapshot of the state-of-the art in modelling of complex magnetic insulators.


Multi-core and many-core processors come to be main stream configuration on new computing platform with powerful parallel computing and large in-memory storage. Multi-core processor commonly follows cache centric optimizations with LLC size awareness while many-core processors such as Phi and GPU co-processors are designed with less cache size but more hardware threads to overlap main memory access latency. As core amount increases, the computing framework prefers a code efficient and scalable design for massive processing cores. This paper presents an in-memory analytical computing framework Array OLAP with array store and vector processing to simplify storage model and processing model. In Array OLAP, dimensions are normalized as vector based dimension filter. The fact table is normalized as measure attributes with multidimensional index. With multidimensional index computing, a multidimensional query is simplified as vector index scan on fact table and the measure expressions are aggregated. The normalized vector lookup and vector index scan are efficient in code execution, and the staged processing model is adaptive for different computing platforms by assigning processing stages to the most suitable platform. Moreover, Array OLAP is data warehouse schema aware design. The vector processing model is simple but efficient enough for the small and slow incremental dimensions. It illustrates the Array OLAP framework in various platforms and evaluates the benchmark performance with state-of-the-art in-memory analytical databases. The experimental results show that Array OLAP outperforms other in-memory analytical engines and can be smoothly migrated to new hardware platform.


This paper develops a model with regard to the optimal law enforcement on organized crime with multiple criminal organizations (the Mafias) which regulate the criminal market by extortion. It enables us to consider strategic interaction relationships among the criminal organizations and the government. This paper shows that welfare effects of introducing multiple criminal organizations depends on how they face a competition in this criminal market. If each criminal organization faces a fierce competition, it is hard for criminal organizations to make profits and play the role as a regulator. On the other hand, if there exists no competition among criminal organizations, introducing multiple criminal organizations contributes to the social welfare improvement. This indicates that the classical view stressing the desirable effects of monopolistic criminal organization is not always supported. Furthermore, by considering the costly conflicts among criminal organizations, this paper also explores whether harsh penalties on the criminal market induce them to engage in conflicts and shows that it can be difficult to sustain the desirable criminal markets regulated by multiple criminal organizations. keywords: Conflict, Oligopoly, Organized Crime JEL Classification: D74, K4, L13, ∗Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention concerns a process, not using chlorate or nitrite, for the production of nickel-containing and manganese-containing zinc phosphate films on steel, zinc and/or steel and zinc alloys by spraying, spray-dipping and/or dipping, using an aqueous solution. An organic oxidizing agent is added, primarily to depolarize the nascent hydrogen produced.


The codebook based precoding is a promising technology adopted by Long Term Evolution (LTE), which fixes a common codebook comprising a set of vectors and matrices at both the transmitter and the receiver. For the codebook design, it is necessary to achieve high precoding gain, lower feedback overhead and flexibility to support various antenna configurations and different numbers of data streams. The generation of codebook in LTE is illustrated in detail and while the preceding approaches provide steady improvements in wireless communications, further improvements still may be made to achieve the acquirements of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). It is important to set some guidelines, and according to these guidelines a new 8Tx codebook design scheme is given.


Introduction:  Total mesorectal excision (TME) has offered the lowest recurrence rates and best survival in rectal cancer patients. Recently several multi-centre trials have demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopic colonic resections for cancer. However the technical difficulties and lack of supporting data has prevented surgeons from attempting laparoscopic TME for operable rectal cancer. We present a video demonstration of lap TME technique performed at our unit for rectal cancer resections.

Methods:  The surgical technique involves using two 10 mm and two 5 mm ports to perform rectal resections. Adherence to advanced oncological principles like high tie of IMA and IMV is the rule. Splenic flexure is routinely mobilised for mid to low rectal cancers. Total mesorectal excision is performed using diathermy hook. Rectal washout is performed before transection of the rectum using lap stapler device.

Results:  Between October 2006–December 2007, 30 rectal cancers have been operated laparoscopically at our institution using this technique. There were four APER and 26 anterior resections. The median age was 72 years with a median BMI of 25. Median operative time was 235 min with a median hospital stay of 7 days. There were no leaks.

Conclusions:  With proper training and experience, laparoscopic rectal cancer resection is technically feasible and safe to perform with good oncological outcomes.


Contemporary psycho-analysis owes a very great deal to the ideas formulated by Mrs. Klein. To mark the occasion of her seventieth birthday, the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis published a special edition containing a collection of essays written by her colleagues and pupils and dedicated to her. This collection, published in 1952, revised, augmented by several new essays including two by Mrs. Klein herself and given coherence by unobtrusive editing, constitutes the present volume. The decision to retain the essay form has resulted in the inevitable tendency to repetition and loss of continuity. But the loss in solidity is more than compensated for by the gain in readability. The reader is not condemned to a cover to cover reading marathon : he can safely and comfortably browse amongst the essays, each of which is complete in itself. But perhaps "safely and comfortably browse" is an inappropriate phrase : these essays are little concerned with the orthodox or the familiar. The book records exploration still in progress, not consolidation or exploitation of ground already won. The reader soon senses that the psychoanalyst's "Frontier of outer space" is the one which divides neurosis from psychosis. Essay after essay deals with attempts made to understand the nature of psychotic thought process and of language and thought itself. Thus the contents of many of these essays are too specialised and speculative for the collection as a whole to constitute a textbook in the accepted sense of the term. Nevertheless, the symposium as it stands can be fairly said to represent, as its publishers claim, "A definite statement of . . . the Kleinian position." To those actively engaged in psycho-analytic work this book has already proved itself of value and its future status as a


Objective:To study the in vitro percutaneous permeability of terbinafine hydrochloride and the effect of propylene glycol and azone on the permeabilility. Methods:With the use of the modified Franz's type diffusion cell and 0.1 mol·L 1 hydrochloric acid solution as the receptor medium, an observation was made on the in vitro percutaneous permeability of terbinafine hydrochloride. The effects of propylene glycol and/or azone on in different concentrations the percutaneous permeabilility of terbinafine hydrochlorode were also studied. Results:Terbinafine hydrochloride itself had a good property of in vitro percutaneous permeability, which could be increased by 1% propylene glycol(P0.05) and inhibited by 3% propylene glycol(P0.05). 20% propylene glycol displayed a still stronger inhibitory effect(P0.01). Both 1% and 3% azone could increase the percutaneous permeability(P0.01), which, in turn, could be inhibited by the combined effect of 1% azone and 20% propylene glycol (P0.01). Conclusion: Terbinafine hydrochloride has a relatively good property of in vitro percutaneous permeability that can be affected by propylene glycol/azone in different concentrations.


ABSTRACT Home advantage in sports is a widely analysed phenomenon. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of home advantage and quality of opposition on different technical-tactical performance indicators in the Chinese Women's Volleyball Association League. A total of 181 matches was observed during two consecutive seasons (2016 to 2018), and the score/excellent and error performances in actions when teams played at home or away in terms of the quality of opposition (higher or lower level teams) were analysed. Comparisons were made using the T test or Mann Whitney-U test, with the standardised difference in means at 95% of interval confidence, and discriminant analysis. The results showed a home advantage effect in matches between teams with the same level. When facing teams with different levels, the stronger team has a higher probability to win regardless of the match location. The technical performance indicators were affected by both contextual variables, especially the scoring indicators (points in serve, spike or block), in favour of teams with higher level and when playing at home. These findings offer usefulness information in order to prepare a competition and evaluate a team's performance in terms of contextual variables.


We analyze the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in V-, {lambda}-, and cascade-type schemes in a time-dependent way via the Schroedinger-Maxwell formalism. We derive explicitly the analytical expressions of the space-time dependent probe field, the corresponding phase shift, absorption or amplification, group velocity, and group velocity dispersion for all the three schemes. These simple analytical expressions not only demonstrate explicitly the similarities and essential differences of the three schemes but also provide a convenient basis for investigating how the many-body effects in solids modify the magnitude, spectral shape, and space and time dependence of EIT and EIT-related quantum coherence phenomena.


The paper investigates the relationship between market power of employers and level of employees' wages in local labor markets in Russia. The study is based on the modern concept of local labor markets, which assumes that the latter have not only geographical (spatial), but also sectoral (professional) boundaries. Using data from the web portal of Rostrud "Rabota Rossii" (Jobs of Russia) about 13.2 million vacancies posted in the period 2018Q1—2022Q3, for the first time in Russian practice concentration indicators were calculated for 30 thousand local labor markets in Russia, determined by a pair of properties "settlement— profession". It is shown that 20% of local labor markets of mass professions in Russia are characterized by at least a temporary state of monopsony. Using the methods of economic-mathematical (econometric) modeling, it is demonstrated that the growth of the market power of employers is statistically significantly associated with a decrease in the wages of workers in mass professions. According to the estimates obtained, when moving from the 25th to the 75th percentile of the distribution of market power, the level of nominal wages offered to employees in local labor markets, other things being equal, decreases by 6.3—8.4%. The result is robust to the use of alternative approaches to defining the boundaries of local labor markets in Russia.