A reasonable power theory should have not only distinct physical meanings, but also perfect mathematical characteristics. This paper approaches the universal instantaneous power theory(UIPT)from mathematical point of view: the mathematical expressions of active and reactive current are given, and the orthogonal relationship between them is validated. This paper also defines the correlation coefficient of load current and load voltage as load performance index, which is proved to be reasonable both in physical aspect and in mathematical aspect. The proposed load performance index is identical with the UIPT mentioned above. To make the UIPT and the proposed load performance index practically useful, this paper develops method to calculate active and reactive current with line voltages instead of phase voltages. This is a prominent merit especially for 3-phase-3-wire circuit in which the determination of phase voltages is a problem under dispute.


Harmonic piezomotor has the wave generator which contains fixed piezoactuator and displacement amplifier, by means of controlling the piezoactuator deformation periodically and amplifying its displacement, the flexspline generates periodic deformation. As long as the discrete contact points between piezo wave generator and flexspline deform in accordance with given flexspline deformation figure, and the actuators' number, structure parameters etc. meet the requirements of continuous transmission, harmonic piezomotor can obtain low speed output. It is one new type of stepping motor. The configuration and design of piezo wave generator and control system have been accomplished. It has the following features: low speed output, high power density, simple configuration, compact size, prone to micromation?small moment of inertia, high location precision,high efficiency, low noise etc.


The consumption of generic pharmaceutical products, one of the most utilised health care technologies worldwide, is consistently higher in most countries than that of other innovations.1 This is mainly because the public benefits from billions of dollars of savings by accessing these low-cost drugs. However, phenomenal growth in the generic products market is of concern to multinational pharmaceutical companies where a strong patent system and the consequent promise of substantial financial returns from successful innovations are of paramount importance. In recent years, the problem of how to reconcile the need to reward innovation while also promoting the dissemination of essential medicines to the poor has increasingly been under scrutiny. This article examines key areas of concern with respect to patent protection and access to generic medicines in developing countries.


F T Arecchi and F R Aussenegg (eds) 1981 London: Taylor and Francis vii + 190 pp price £12 (paperback) This book contains the 17 invited papers presented at a meeting of the International Commission for Optics, which took place in Graz, Austria in August/September 1981, together with an index and an introduction by the editors. The subject coverage of the volume is broad, with sections entitled: general overview; astronomical and space optics; unconventional image formation and optical information processing; optical measurements; fibre optics; nonlinear materials; optical materials; and finally quantum electronics.


This conference publication contains the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Squeezed States and Uncertainty Relations held in Moscow, Russia, on 25-29 May 1992. The purpose of this workshop was to study possible applications of squeezed states of light. The Workshop brought together many active researchers in squeezed states of light and those who may find the concept of squeezed states useful in their research, particularly in understanding the uncertainty relations. It was found at this workshop that the squeezed state has a much broader implication than the two-photon coherent states in quantum optics, since the squeeze transformation is one of the most fundamental transformations in physics.


This paper introduces form and working process of clearing filter system with PM100 efflux of hydraulic support control system,fully discusses hydraulic feedback and efflux recoiling self-clear technology.It combines inadequacy of filter install of hydraulic support control system in our country and analyzes in detail new characteristic of this system.


A method for inspection of periodic structures on a lithography mask with a microscope with an adjustable lighting, an actuator for moving a cross table with the attached lithography mask to take pictures of the lithography mask to a computer-controlled location on the lithography mask, wherein position, size and pitch specification the mask is stored, characterized by calibration of a first image of each array structure of selected locations of the lithography mask, calculation of the Fourier coefficients at the reference point of an array / diffraction grating, computation of a residual image from the difference between the original image of the array and the Fourier expansion and the formation of a threshold value to calculate an error indicating image.


Objective
To analyze the variation rule and correlation of acromion index (AI), lateral acromion angle (LAA), and critical shoulder angle (CSA) in Chinese population.

Methods
The shoulder radiographs of patients with rotator cuff tears (n=50) and healthy subjects (n=45) who were admitted to the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University and the First Hospital of Jilin University from June 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The standardized true anteroposterior radiography was applied to measure the AI, LAA, and CSA, and the statistical differences of the parameters of the two groups were analyzed, as well as the correlation analysis was carried out between the parameters in each group.

Results
The mean AI, LAA and CSA was 0.71±0.06, 78.1°±6.89°, 35.9°±5.7° in patients with rotator cuff tears, respectively, while the corresponding parameters in healthy subjects was 0.65±0.06, 81.1°±7.74°, 32.3°±5.18°, respectively, and the difference approached statistical significance between the two groups (t=4.867, -1.994, 3.225 respectively, all P values<0.05). Meanwhile, AI was negatively correlated with LAA, and positively correlated with CSA in both groups (r=-0.873, -0.780; r=0.878, 0.924; all P values<0.01).

Conclusions
There was a positive linear relationship between lateral extension and downward slop of the acromion, and a negative linear correlation between lateral extension of the acromion and the angle between the acromion and the glenoid cavity in Chinese population.

Key words:
Acromion; Acromion index; Lateral acromion angle; Critical shoulder angle; Acromial rule


Routes for synthesizing intercalation compounds of aluminum hydroxide [MxAly(OH)z]n X · pH2O (M=Li, Mg, Ni, Co, …) are suggested, and application of these schemes to syntheses of nanoscale systems is examined. It is shown that nanoscale systems varying in composition, structure, and morphology may be obtained according to the nature of anion X and reaction conditions.


We investigate the role of electron correlation and disorder on the electronic structure of layered nickelate (La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$)$_2$NiO$_4$ using core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) and dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) calculations. Sr 3$d$ and La 4$d$ core level spectra exhibit multiple features associated with photoemission final state effects. An increase of unscreened features in the Sr 3$d$ and La 4$d$ core level spectra with lowering temperature suggests the reduction in density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, $E_F$. Valence band spectra collected using different photon energies reveal finite intensity at $E_F$ and overall spectra are well captured by DFT+DMFT. Strong renormalization of partially filled $e_g$ bands in DFT+DMFT result indicates strong correlation in this system. Mass enhancement factor, $m^*/m_{\text{DFT}} \sim$ 3, agrees well with values obtained from specific heat measurements. High resolution spectra in the vicinity of $E_F$ show monotonically decreasing spectral intensity with lowering temperature, which evolves to exhibit a Fermi cut-off at low temperatures indicating metallic character in contrast to insulating transport, suggesting Anderson insulating state. $|E-E_F|^{1/2}$ dependence of the spectral DOS and square root temperature dependence of spectral DOS at $E_F$ evidences the role of disorder in the electronic structure of (La$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$)$_2$NiO$_4$.


Introduction of redundancy in modulation of shift-keyed signals by combining phase, frequency and/or amplitude information elements, can increase their detection probability. To make receiving side measurements for evaluation of detection probability and spectral occupancy penalty it is necessary to build a flexible, but simple for realization, modulator by which all combinations of the shift-keyed signals can be easily synthesized. The paper introduces the Walsh function based generator for synthesis of the combined multiple shift-keyed signals: M/sub P/-PSK/M/sub F/-FSK, M/sub P/-PSK/M/sub P/-ASK, PSK/M/sub A/-ASK, and M/sub F/-PSK/M/sub A/-FSK/M/sub A/-ASK. The proposed generation technique is chosen because the generator can be realized digitally in the small ROM-less PLD with a small number of components outside of the chip. The core of the generator is synthesis of the sine-wave carrier by Walsh functions. This synthesized carrier is modulated by a digital signal, producing single or combined shift-keyed modulated signals. Frequency modulation is achieved by a change of input clock frequency, discrete phase shifts are synthesized within a generator by the special shift-functions set, and discrete amplitude elements are obtained from the attached gain control amplifier. The generator is realized digitally in low complexity PLD, with a D/A conversion weighted resistor network and gain control amplifier outside of the chip. The paper presents oscillograms and power spectrum for the two combined multiple shift-keyed modulated signals.


rapid half-life of DXL (about 4min) causing no accumulation of the drug in the central compartment after repeated administration. So these differences in DXL plasma concentrations looked accidental. The observed transient increase of DXL plasma concentrations during HD is probably due to altered protein binding of the drug. To evaluate DXL toxicity, blood-count controls were taken in periodic intervals. Grade 2 leucoand thrombocytopaenia (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, NCI–CTC) were detected 10–20 days after the second cycle of chemotherapy (data not shown). Restaging at day 42 revealed further regression of the central tumour and a decreased bronchial wall thickness. The mediastinal lymph nodes remained stable and a restaging mediastinoscopy showed necrosis but also residual tumour cells. Afterwards, sequential radiotherapy of the mediastinum and the primary completed the treatment. In conclusion, a carboplatin/DXL combination might be a suitable regimen for NSCLC patients undergoing HD.


In this paper,the phenomenon of alienation in school PE in university was discussed from any aspects,which is "health first"and"people-oriented",worrying too much about the"safety education",happy sports,modem sports,academic education and so on.By analyzing the causes of the dissimilation,the author tried to provide references and suggestions about the present physical education reform.


TGF‐β is a multi‐functional cytokine with a huge array of effects on a variety of cell types. It is rapidly emerging as a key major player in the way the airway epithelium behaves and its ability to repair itself. This is not only of relevance to allergic airway diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, which are increasing in prevalence worldwide, but in many other diseases. The full impact any disruption of TGF‐β signalling may have in the development and persistence of allergic inflammatory airway diseases is yet to be fully realized and remains the subject of ongoing research. There has been a recent revival of interest in the role of regulatory T cells in controlling allergic inflammation. Evidence is emerging of a significant contribution by TGF‐β to this regulatory process. This review aims to summarize current knowledge relating to TGF‐β in relation to allergic inflammatory upper airways disease, and attempts to clarify some of the discrepancies and inconsistencies in this area. It also considers the therapeutic implications of novel TGF‐β therapy, including potential future applications in the treatment of nasal polyposis and reduction of post‐operative scar tissue formation following endoscopic sinus surgery.


Abstract Let P and Q be additive and hereditary graph properties and let r, s be integers such that r ≥ s. Then an r/s -fractional (P,Q)-total coloring of a finite graph G = (V,E) is a mapping f, which assigns an s-element subset of the set {1, 2, . . . , r} to each vertex and each edge, moreover, for any color i all vertices of color i induce a subgraph with property P, all edges of color i induce a subgraph with property Q and vertices and incident edges have been assigned disjoint sets of colors. The minimum ratio of an r/s -fractional (P,Q)-total coloring of G is called fractional (P,Q)-total chromatic number χ″ƒ,P,Q(G) = r/ s . We show in this paper that χ″ƒ,P,Q of a graph G with o(V (G)) vertex orbits and o(E(G)) edge orbits can be found as a solution of a linear program with integer coefficients which consists only of o(V (G)) + o(E(G)) inequalities.


Flyback topology has been widely used in low-power applications due to its simplicity, wide input voltage range, low cost, and low standby power. However, conventional over current protection (OCP) control scheme in flyback converters cannot meet the high precision constant current (CC) requirement in battery charger and LED applications. The proposed adaptive high-precision OCP control scheme can be widely used in ac/dc flyback converters to improve their CC accuracy. It consists of an OCP-Comp circuit and a Vpump circuit to detect the primary current in current cycle and adjust it in next cycle adaptively. The proposed OCP control scheme has been implemented in a controller IC adding no extra pin and achieves a significant improvement in output current accuracy compared to conventional OCP schemes. Test results show that the output current variation of the proposed prototype is less than ±0.6% when the input line voltage changes from 85 to 265 Vac.


COMPASS is a fixed-target experiment at CERN's Super-Proton-Synchrotron. Part of its physics program is dedicated to the spin structure of the nucleon, which it studies with a 160 GeV polarized muon beam and polarized targets. An overview of its measurements performed with longitudinal target polarization is given. In particular, recent results, concerning the gluon polarization, the separation of the contributions of the individual quark flavors and the test of the Bjorken sum rule, are presented.


The optoacoustic device consisting of a XeCl excimer laser and a measurement cell with an attached piezotransducer was used for detecting microparticles suspended in liquid probes. The potential of optoacoustic diagnostics of microinhomogeneous liquids was enhanced by applying information parameters of optoacoustic response. Probes of distilled water and Dow Chemical latex suspension were used in experiments. It was shown that the optimal laser energy deposit for individual particle detection corresponds to the coexistence of the thermal expansion mechanism of optoacoustic conversion and the cavitation mechanism.


Surveillance applications demand round the clock monitoring of regions in constrained illumination conditions. Thermal infrared cameras which capture the heat emitted by the objects present in the scene appear as a suitable sensor technology for such applications. However, developing of AI techniques for automatic detection of targets for monitoring applications is challenging due to high variability of targets within a class, variations in pose of targets, widely varying environmental conditions, etc. This paper presents a real-time framework to detect and classify targets in a forest landscape. The system comprises of two main stages: the moving target detection and detected target classification. For the first stage, Mixture of Gaussians (MoG) background subtraction is used for detection of Region of Interest (ROI) from individual frames of the IR video sequence. For the second stage, a pre-trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network with additional custom layers has been used for the feature extraction and classification. A challenging thermal dataset created by using both experimentally generated thermal infrared images and from publically available FLIR Thermal Dataset. This dataset is used for training and validating the proposed deep learning framework. The model demonstrated a preliminary testing accuracy of 95%. The real-time deployment of the framework is done on embedded platform having an 8-core ARM v8.2 64-bit CPU and 512-core Volta GPU with Tensor Cores. The moving target detection and recognition framework achieved a frame rate of approximately 23 fps on this embedded computing platform, making it suitable for deployment in resource constrained environments.


A method for pressing metal powder into a compact in a powder press having a die, a switch actuated by a hydraulic drive punch and at least one hydraulically actuated lower punches as well as a vibrator, with which the upper and / or lower punches only during the initiation of the pressing process in vibrations can be set, characterized in that the upper and / or lower punch by means of an associated hydraulic drive vibrator is vibrated.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Hark'] plants responded similarly to a sublethal application of metribuzin [2-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] or to low light intensities. Both treatments increased soluble amino acid, ATP, nitrate reductase, and nitrate levels (up to 67, 140, 190, and 10,000%, respectively) and decreased soluble reducing sugars (33%), malate levels (86%), and the chlorophyll a/b ratio (24%). The similar response of light-limited and of chemically photosynthesis-inhibited plants is thought to be induced by a carbohydrate stress or another parameter related to a decreased rate of photosynthetic electron flow. However, during the induction process in shaded plants, light quality might play an important role in some cases. The results obtained with metribuzin and soybean plants are compared to and discussed together with (a) the results obtained by other authors working with s-triazine herbicides and (b) results obtained with methabenzthiazuron [N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-N,N′-dimethylurea] in earlier experiments.


In this paper, we apply the Newton's and He's iteration formulas in order to solve the nonlinear algebraic equations. In this case, we use the stochastic arithmetic and the CESTAC method to validate the results. We show that the He's iteration formula is more reliable than the Newton's iteration formula by using the CADNA library.


Stone bunding (kab) is an age‐old local conservation practice at Mesobit‐Gedeba. This study was conducted to assess the effect of this indigenous practice on crop yield. We compared original ground slope, terrace width, and slope position of the terraced area. The effect of slope width and slope position were found significant (p < 0·05) for both grain and biomass yields of the terraced sites. The mean grain and biomass yields decreased as the original ground slope of the terraced site increased. Both grain and biomass yields decreased with the width of the inter‐terrace area. Significant differences (p < 0·05) in mean grain and biomass yields were observed between the three slope positions. They decreased as one moved up the slope within the inter‐terrace area. In general, the study indicated that indigenous stone bunding has a positive effect on sorghum yield. Future studies should address different locations and crops and ways of integrating indigenous stone bunding with the current conservation programmes of the region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ionospheric chemistry plays an unexpectedly important role in the evolution of planetary habitability. This study is dedicated to a detailed modeling of the nightside Martian ionospheric structure and composition, a topic that has been poorly explored due to the absence of relevant measurements, but now becomes tractable owing to the unprecedented measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. Two-stream kinetic calculations and time-dependent fluid calculations are coupled to derive the nightside density profiles at 100–300 km for a large number of ion species, assuming solar wind electron precipitation as the only viable ionizing source in the ideal nonmagnetized atmosphere. Our calculations indicate the presence of a well-defined ionospheric peak at 146 km with a peak density of 8500 cm−3, as driven by the strong atmospheric "absorption" of precipitating electrons at low altitudes. The distribution of nonterminal species is roughly under chemical equilibrium below 170 km, whereas for terminal species such as NO+ and HCO+, diffusion is effective at essentially all altitudes, in direct contrast to the dayside behavior. In the more realistic magnetized atmosphere, the ionospheric peak seldom exists due to the patchiness of electron precipitation. In particular, our model results agree fairly well with the MAVEN measurements, especially in view of the coincidence between electron depletion and thermal plasma void seen along many MAVEN orbits. Compared to the dayside, the nightside ionospheric composition has a much higher proportion of NO+ and lower proportion of CO2 +, likely indicative of nightside enhancement of atmospheric O and N.


: In this paper, a simple compact UWB (ultra wide band) antenna for wireless applications is presented. Modifications on the shape of radiating patch and DGS techniques are used to get ultra wide bandwidth. The proposed is antenna operating for UWB frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz. Bottom side shape of the patch is designed tapered, in order to increase bandwidth. A pair of rectangular slot is created in the ground plane for performance improvement of the antenna. Fed by microstrip line, the proposed antenna is printed on low cost FR-4 epoxy substrate having hight 1.6mm, dielectric constant 4.4, tangent loss 0.002 and dimension 30×24mm 2 . Gain, radiation patterns and efficiency of proposed antenna are also investigated.


The documentation of software error messages has traditionally been a laborious and error-prone process. The documentation has been produced in a variety of file formats, either manually, or using special software to extract the desired information. Now that Extensible Markup Language (XML) has become a standard data format, it makes sense to store error messages and all related data in an XML source document. You can author the documents using standard tools, and software applications can extract the messages and other information from the document. Also, you can use standard XML technologies and tools to validate the XML documents and transform them into appropriate formats. Using the XML approach, you ensure consistency between your error message documentation and information displayed by software applications. This article describes an XML vocabulary for error message documentation defined by an XML Schema document. It illustrates how the use of an XML Schema document provides great flexibility for error message documentation, and powerful mechanisms for constraining document content. The article also gives examples from instance documents, and discusses how internationalized versions of error message documents can be handled.


Charge transfer techniques have been extensively used as knobs to tune electronic properties of two- dimensional systems, such as, for the modulation of conductivity \ mobility of single layer graphene and for opening the bandgap in bilayer graphene. The charge injected into the graphene layer shifts the Fermi level away from the minimum density of states point (Dirac point). In this work, we study charge transfer in rotated double-layer graphene achieved by the use of organic dopant, Tetracyanoquinodimethane. Naturally occurring bilayer graphene has a well-defined A-B stacking whereas in rotated double-layer the two graphene layers are randomly stacked with different rotational angles. This rotation is expected to significantly alter the interlayer interaction. Double-layer samples are prepared using layer-by-layer assembly of chemical vapor deposited single-layer graphene and they are identified by characteristic resonance in the Raman spectrum. The charge transfer and distribution of charges between th...


Depending to the WHO, antibiotic resistance and limited anticancer and antimicrobial therapies continue to be serious worldwide health challenges. Current medicines' efficacy suffers by issues such as insufficient solubility, stability, and side effects. To create effective and dependable therapies against antibiotic resistance and robust illnesses, new techniques and strategies are required. Several metal nanoparticles synthesised via green synthesis or chemical synthesise, such as gold (Au), zine (ZnO), and others, have shown promising biological effects against malignancies and a wide spectrum of microbial illnesses caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. An eco-friendly biosynthetic technique was used to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), as well as their antibacterial and anticarcinogenic activities. Extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles made of zinc oxide ZnO nanoparticles was achieved in the current work using the cell filtrate of the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum MW341592.1 isolated from healthy leaves of Eucalyptus sideroxylon plant. The nanoparticles were characterised by UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transition electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the produced ZnO NPs showed bands in the UV area at (305) nm. Transmission electron microscopy TEM revealed average sizes of 19.3 nm, while shape revealed spherical like shape. The distinctive pattern of crystalline ZnO NPs was revealed by XRD diffract grams. Furthermore, Biological assay has shown that raising the nanoparticle concentration lowers the number of HCT-116 human colon cancer cells and CACO2 human intestinal cancer cells, as well as antibacterial pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Pain detection using facial images is of critical importance in many Health applications. Since pain is a spatiotemporal process, recent works on this topic employ facial spatiotemporal features to detect pain. These systems extract such features from the entire area of the face. In this paper, we show that by employing super-pixels we can divide the face into three regions, in a way that only one of these regions (about one third of the face) contributes to the pain estimation and the other two regions can be discarded. The experimental results on the UNBCMcMaster database show that the proposed system using this single region outperforms state-of-the-art systems in detecting no-pain scenarios, while it reaches comparable results in detecting weak and severe pain scenarios.


The gas-phase stability of bridgehead carbocations has been determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy (FT ICR) based on dissociative proton attachment (DPA) of bridgehead bromides, chlorides, and alcohols. When appropriate leaving group corrections are applied, the relative ion stabilities obtained from these precursors are identical. The relative rate constants (log k) for solvolysis of bridgehead derivatives correlate with the stabilities of the cations over the entire reactivity range. Theoretical calculations of the stabilities of the ions relative to those of the respective hydrocarbons at the MP2/6-311G** level agree fully with the experimental data.


Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to recognize and target tumor associated antigens have made a profound impact on the quality of life for many patients with cancer. However, tumor heterogeneity and intratumoral immune suppression reduce the efficacy of this approach, allowing for tumor cells devoid of the target antigen to seed disease recurrence. Here, we address the complexity of tumor heterogeneity by developing a universal CAR. Method We constructed a universal Fabrack-CAR with an extracellular domain composed of the non-tumor targeted, cyclic, twelve residue meditope peptide that binds specifically to an engineered binding pocket within the Fab arm of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As this site is readily grafted onto therapeutic mAbs, the antigen specificity of these universal Fabrack-CAR T cells is simply conferred by administering mAbs with specificity to the heterogeneous tumor. Results Using in vitro and in vivo studies with multiple meditope-engineered mAbs, we show the feasibility, specificity, and robustness of this approach. These studies demonstrate antigen- and antibody-specific T cell activation, proliferation, and IFNγ production, selective killing of target cells in a mixed population, and tumor regression in animal models. Conclusion Collectively, these findings support the feasibility of this universal Fabrack-CAR T cell approach and provide the rationale for future clinical use in cancer immunotherapy.


This study examined the effects of a vocabulary intervention for 3 children with cleft lip and/or palate who showed limited consonant inventories and delayed expressive language. In a multiple base...


Abstract This article utilizes the Australian experience of federation, 1890–1901, as a vehicle for the discussion of the leading conceptions of federalism extant in the late nineteenth-century English-speaking world. In particular, the article examines the federal theories of James Madison, James Bryce, Edward Freeman, Albert Dicey and John Burgess in the context of many others, and seeks to show that the idea of a 'Commonwealth of commonwealths', although controverted by contending theories, remained a central theme in late nineteenth-century conceptions of federalism.


The Box" is a canyon located in the western portion of Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, southern Utah. The objectives of this study included: (1) collect, identify and make a checklist of the species of vascular plants found in "The Box," (2) search for threatened and endangered species within the area, (3) provide an opportunity for high school students to develop research skills that contribute to the reservoir of scientific informa- tion. During a period of 2 years, students of the Provo High School Botany Club, the club advisor, and others collected and identified 304 species in 63 families. Twenty plant taxa collected during this study had not previously been reported for Garfield County, UT. Species-area relationships at this area are compared to selected locations in Utah. "The Box" is a north-south trending canyon which begins in an aspen-fir forest near "Hells Backbone" road at an elevation of 2,450 m in the Box-Death Hollow Wilderness area, Garfield County, Utah. From this elevation the forest gradually slopes downward to the riparian community adja- cent to Pine Creek. Pine Creek is a clear, fast flowing stream of moderate size. The stream flows through a canyon of sandstone walls that become progressively higher and closer together, forcing the stream-side trail to cross the creek over 40 times. It is impossible to hike through the 16 km canyon without doing some wading. The southern end of the canyon, at 2,040 m, opens to a relatively level pinyon-juniper-sage- brush community seven miles north of Escalante, Utah. The Pine Creek gaging station is located near the canyon mouth. The rocks of the canyon are sedimentary and of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. The soils are derived primarily from sandstone. They include such soil type as the Mikim clay loam, Yarts sandy loam and Mepsum loamy fine sand (Stokes 1986). The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 22.4EC. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of -2.4EC. The average annual precipitation for the period 1901 to 1996 totaled 25.5 cm at Escalante. An average of 77.2 cm of snow falls each year at Escalante (Pope and Brough 1986). Under the direction of Janet Cooper, the Provo High School Botany Club initiated this study in the fall of 1993. During the following 2 years (1994 and 1995) five collection trips were taken at different times of the year to provide a reliable sample of the canyon's flora. Each collection trip emphasized a different section of the canyon, but on each trip, specimens of species previously unknown in the area were collected throughout the canyon. Plants collected were either immediately identified and pressed or collected in plastic bags and pressed as soon as the group arrived back at camp. Identification and classification followed "A Utah Flora" (Welsh and others 1993). "The Intermountain Flora" (Cronquist and others 1989) was used as a supplementary guide for plant identification. This project provides the first thorough description of the vascular flora occurring in the study area. The check- list of 304 species in 63 families is included in this report as table 1. Twenty taxa on the list have not previously been reported for Garfield County (table 2). The six larg- est families include: Asteraceae (50 species), Poaceae (36 species), Rosaceae (16 species), Scrophulariaceae (16 spe- cies), Fabaceae (15 species), and Brassicaceae (15 species). Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium at Utah Valley State College. The relative area and floristic richness of the Box Wilder- ness area is compared with the same characteristics for seven other locations in Utah (table 3). The relationship between species and land area is graphically shown in figure 1. The number of named plant taxa is somewhat linearly related to the logarithm (base 10) of area sampled. The regression of species on the area is statistically signifi- cant (p < 0.05), but the regression accounts for only slightly more than 50 percent of the variation observed. Neverthe- less, the regression line does serve a useful function in that it shows locations that fall above (more species than ex- pected for their area in this analysis) or below the regression line. Locations falling below the line may be poorly collected or have inherently low biodiversity. A reverse explanation could be offered for locations falling above the regression line.


The main target of this research activity is to develop and test different low cost sensors that can enable a multifunctional tracked electrical vehicle to move autonomously inside a greenhouse with tomatoes cultivation. Big effort has been put on finding solutions that require minimum or no apparatus installation in the greenhouses while performing centimetre-level accuracy at a fraction of the cost of a DGPS commercial system. The used low cost sensors are described, while description of the electrical vehicle and its capabilities can be found in previous works. Two main kinds of sensors systems have been developed using low cost ultrasound sensors. The first system uses a set of eight ultrasound transmitter/receiver couple. These sensors can compute time by time the distance and the rotation angle of the robot with respect to the plants rows. This information could be used to correct the robot trajectory, allowing the system to move along the centre line between rows. The second system that has been tested is a Local Positioning System (LPS). It uses a set of low cost ultrasound receiver sensors mounted on the greenhouse structure in a regular grid while an ultrasound transmitter is mounted onboard the robot that is moving between rows. The system allows to know the relative coordinate of the robot with respect to a reference inside the greenhouse. At this stage, different trials on the sensors have been performed inside a greenhouse in different condition; these trials allowed to evaluate systems accuracy and performance.


Abstract Different casting technologies were investigated on the thin walled titanium alloy castings in this paper, and the experimental results show that it is hard for the titanium alloy melts to fill the thin walled cavities in the gravity field. However, with the action of centrifugal force and Coriolis force on the melts in the centrifugal field, the cavities can be fully filled with the molten metal. The castability of thin walled titanium alloy castings was influenced by some casting parameters, such as rotational velocity, rotational radius and solidifying rate. Experimental results indicate that the forming ability of thin walled titanium alloy increases with increasing rotational velocity. However, the filling ability of molten metal changes a little with increasing rotational radius. In addition, under the experimental condition used in this paper, the number of internal defects of the thin walled castings decreases with increasing rotational velocity, but increases with increasing rotational radius. Filling sequence and solidifying rate play important roles in the defect formation of thin walled titanium alloy castings.


Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections was performed on 10 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (NCS). Grim‐elius staining was positive in seven tumors. All tumors showed coexpression of CAM 5.2 and neuron‐specific enolase with paranuclear dot‐like or diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity. Neuro‐filament was positive in five cases, chromogranin in six, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in two each, and somatostatin and S‐100 protein in one each. Eight primary lesions were diploid and the remaining two were aneuploid; however, two diploid NCS presented as aneuploid metastatic tumors. The follow‐up periods ranged from 3 to 66 months (mean 13.6). Six patients died of metastatic diseases between 3 and 33 months (mean 9.2) after the diagnosis. There were no significant correlations among histologic features, DNA ploidy, S‐phase fraction, and clinical outcome of the patients with NCS. These results indicate that a panel of antibodies may be required for immunohistochemical confirmation of neuroendocrine differentiation and that a flow cytometric analysis is not a good tool to predict the biologic behavior of NCS.


1.Connelly, M., C.L. King, K. Bucci, S. Walters, B. Genton, M.P. Alpers, M. Hollingdale and J.W. Kazura. 1997. T-cell immunity to peptide epitopes of liver-stage antigen 1 in an area of Papua New Guinea in which malaria is holoendemic. Infect. Immun. 65:5082-5087. 2.Everest, P., G. Frankel, J. Li, P. Lund, S. Chatfield and G. Dougan. 1995. Expression of LacZ from the htrA, nirB and groE promoters in a Salmonella vaccine strain: influence of growth in mammalian cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 126:97-101. 3.Harris, E.A., A.M. Kenyon, H.D. Nisbet, E.R. Seelye and R.M. Whitlock. 1974. The normal alveolar-arterial oxygen-tension gradient in man. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 46:89-104. 4.Hill, A.V.S., J. Elvin, A.C. Willis, M. Aidoo, C.E.M. Allsopp, F.M. Gotch, X.M. Gao, M. Takiguchi et al. 1992. Molecular analysis of the association of HLA-B53 and resistance to severe malaria. Nature 360:434-439. 5.Hormaeche, C.E. and C.M.A. Khan. 1996. Recombinant bacteria as vaccine carriers of heterologous antigens, p. 327-359. In S.H.E. Kaufmann (Ed.), Concepts in Vaccine Development. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. 6.Kane, J.F. 1995. Effects of rare codon clusters on high-level expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6:494-500. 7.Khan, C.M.A., B. Villarreal-Ramos, R.J. Pierce, G. Riveau, R. Demarco de Hormaeche, H. McNeill, T. Ali, S. Chatfield et al. 1994. Construction, expression, and immunogenicity of the Schistosoma mansoni P28 glutathione S-transferase as a genetic fusion to tetanus toxin fragment C in a live Aro attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11261-11265. 8.Oxer, M.D., C.M. Bentley, J.G. Doyle, T.C. Peakman, I.G. Charles and A.J. Makoff. 1991. High level heterologous expression in E. coli using the anaerobically-activated nirB promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:2889-2892. 9.Pollack, Y., A.L. Katzen, D.T. Spira and J. Golenser. 1982. The genome of Plasmodium falciparum. I: DNA base composition. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:539-546. 10.Taylor-Robinson, A.W. 1998. Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using microbiological gas sachets that generate microaerophilic conditions. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92:357-358. 11.Zhu, J. and M.R. Hollingdale. 1991. Structure of Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen-1. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 48:223-226.


Infertility is one of the major health problem and sensitive issues where the couples are unable to produce their own biological child with the natural process.Social support can be a crucial component for a woman to adjust to the unexpected pain of infertility, especially since most women like to share their fertility related issues with othersto cope with their problem. Objective: This study was designed to assess the social support of infertile women seeking infertility treatment.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a NAND flash memory device. After the formation of the drain select transistors in the cell area, the source select transistor and the memory cell, forming the peripheral transistor in the peripheral circuit area, the metal contact process is performed for those electrically connected. Common source lines of the metal contact process connect the source selection transistor of each of the source region by patterning the interlayer insulating film to expose the source region, and subsequently forming the common source line contact hole by removing the device isolation film between each of a source region , and ion implantation process over such that the common source line contact and form an ion implanted region in a semiconductor substrate of the hole bottom, the common source line after the contact hole is formed in a conductive layer to fill the conductive tiered, as well as remove a certain thickness of the interlayer insulating film It is formed by etching. Common source lines, as well as to include an impurity region formed by the ion implantation process, there is a conductive layer on the removed portion of the device isolation film is filled, and that the electrical resistance is reduced by, which results to be related to the resistance of the common source line it is possible to lower the height of the interlayer insulating film, in the end it is possible to reduce the aspect ratio to facilitate the subsequent contact step.


The present invention relates to a handheld processing device, having a by a motor and / or hydraulically operated agents, equipped with a working head of the working member, wherein said working member can travel in the traveling direction, and may work with the working head member traveling along the circumferential direction with respect to rotation. For a more favorable and a predetermined structure, the working head may be hydraulically and / or by the action of the rotary electric machine with a work piece. The present invention further relates to a handheld expansion device (1) An expandable tubular member for an end portion (37) having expansion head (2) is provided with a plurality of segments (4), said sections (4 ) transversely to the expansion direction adjacently arranged circularly, and may be by means of the section (4) for loading the core of the pillar (3) with respect to the circular arrangement of radially travels. For a more advantageous structure provides sections (4) and the support core can be arranged together along the circular circumferential hydraulically and / or rotated by a motor. Further, the present invention relates to a hydraulic piston / cylinder arrangement. The present invention further relates to a method for operating a handheld processing device for handheld and motor operated expansion device.


Magnesium has the lowest density among the engineering metallic materials and significant weight reduction can be achieved if magnesium alloys are used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, etc . However, they have some practical limitations in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared with other metallic materials. Generally, grain refinement is an effective way for enhancing the strength of metallic materials, and it has been reported that the grain refinement is very effective to strengthen the magnesium alloys. In this study, the influence of grain size on the tensile properties of three magnesium alloys has been investigated using specimens having grain sizes rang ing from 100 nm to 100 µ m. The grain size was changed by heat treatment after HPT processing, and the tensile tests have been made at an initial strain rate of 1.0 (cid:186) 10  4 s  1 . The grain refinement is effective for strengthening in the coarse-grained samples in which grain size is larger than 3 µ m, but its effect decreases significantly in the fine-grained samples in which grain size is below 3 µ m. This difference in effect of grain refinement has been discussed in relation to


A new RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of Trabectedin was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The drugs were injected into Zorbax SB, C18,(150x4.6mm); 3.5µm column maintained at ambient temperature and effluent monitored at 215nm. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 V/V. The flow rate was maintained at 0.8 ml/min. The calibration curve for Trabectedin was linear from 50-175µg/ml (r 2 for Trabectedin = 1 ). The proposed method was adequate, sensitive, reproducible, accurate and precise for the determination of Trabectedin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Keywords: Trabectedin, Linearity , Accuracy, Validation.


The association of elevated cholesterol and coronary artery disease is evident in so many epidemiological studies that the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consider this association as causal. More explicitly, elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the identified culprits. Cholesterol is transported to target organs via the blood stream, which is mostly hydrophobic in nature. For the fatty cholesterol to travel through blood it must attach to a lipoprotein. There are several major ones that we pay attention to: the low-density lipoprotein (LDL; the "bad cholesterol"), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL; "good cholesterol"), verylow-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides. VLDL, originating in the liver, interacts with lipoprotein lipase, resulting in hydrolysis of triglycerides to form intermediate lipoproteins and LDL. Cholesterol attaches to LDL and is transported from the liver to various organs/tissue in the body. If the blood level of the LDL complex is elevated, it sets up ideal conditions for plaque formation, leading to atherosclerosis. On the other hand, HDL picks up LDL circulating in the blood stream and transports it to the liver, thereby lowering serum cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Triglycerides are thought to be an independent risk factor according to a meta-analysis of 17 studies, which is the best evidence to date of the role triglycerides play in cardiovascular disease. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel (2002), plasma levels of lipoproteins that reduce the risk for coronary artery disease are as follows: LDL 60 mg/dL, total cholesterol (TC) <200 mg/dL, and triglyceride (TG) <150 mg/dL.


Silicon is the most important material in semiconductor industry. As nano-devices shrink in size, the conventional understanding of electronic devices are no longer applicable as quantum effects start to play an important role for the behavior of the device. At the same time, when structures are approaching atomic scale, the precise fabrication by photo-lithographic techniques, for example, are not even applicable. Very often, the fabrication of regular structures rely on self-assembly is susceptible to fluctuations. Therefore, a deeper understanding to exploit the quantum behavior of nano-devices and precise control of building nano-structures are highly desired. Thus, genetic algorithm based on first principle analysis to optimize silicon nanowires electron and elastic properties is proposed. One nanometer (1nm) surface reconstruction by using genetic algorithm combined with ab-initio calculation is proposed. The SiNWs behavior to quasi-direct band gap transition with the decrease size and the band gap ...


Stefan Muthesius. The Poetic Home: Designing the 19th-century Domestic Interior . London: Thames & Hudson, 2009, 352 pp., 120 color and 176 b/w illus. $88, ISBN 9780500514191.

The Poetic Home is a major contribution to the literature on the history of design of the domestic interior. Initially, the book's appearance might suggest a visually driven survey. Large-format and heavily illustrated, it is a beautifully produced volume of high quality. Yet immediately on opening the work, it becomes apparent that its author has a more ambitious agenda. With its dense and detailed exegesis, The Poetic Home promises to join a growing number of standard references on the formation of the designed domestic interior for scholars of the decorative arts, architecture and design, as well as the cultural history of nineteenth-century Europe, for years to come.

Fueled by interests in feminist history, anthropology, material culture studies, as well as the social history of architecture and design, the domestic interior has become a hot topic for interdisciplinary scholarship over the past twenty years. In this sense, The Poetic Home adds to a field originally defined by Mario Praz (1964) and extended by Peter Thornton (1984) and Judith Neiswander (2008), among others.1

Muthesius's study provides readers with an in-depth study of the definition, development, and, in his view, demise, of the central concept of the book: the poetic home. In the author's words, "this book … concentrates on the design of the interior as a whole, and deals with what the designers, the makers and their spokespersons postulated themselves during the 19th century" (9). This was a period, he suggests, when "[t]hey placed a new emphasis on the textural and colour effects of fabrics, wood or metal objects as attractive in themselves, and they evolved a new, more abstract terminology of form and colour, light and dark" (9).

In his important preface, Muthesius describes poetic home …


We investigate sector level information spillovers from energy to other futures market sectors using a novel conditionally heteroscedastic common factor (CHCF). CHCF represents common trends of macroeconomic influences on futures markets. We find that energy sector has the highest degree of commonality compared to other sectors. Conditional correlations between energy and non-energy sectors are highly persistent. The volatility spillover from the energy sector is prominent compared with mean and extreme market risk spillovers. Extreme risk spillovers from the energy to other sectors have an asymmetric effect. Shocks to energy futures have a significant potential impact on other markets during crises.


ABSTRACT In the present study, laser surface melting (LSM) of 304L stainless steel (SS) was performed using 250 W pulse Nd: YAG laser which resulted in a 250 µm thick melted layer with refined microstructure on the surface. Potentiostatic polarisations at various potentials in the transpassive regime in 6 M HNO3 solution at 95°C were used to quantify the IGC rate. The transpassive dissolution rate was significantly reduced after LSM. The pitting corrosion susceptibility was assessed by potentiodynamic polarisation in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution. LSM resulted in an increase in pitting potential. Following electrochemical tests, sample surfaces were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes besides a 3-D optical profilometer. The depths of IGC attack and pit were significantly reduced after LSM. The improvement in resistance to pitting corrosion and transpassive dissolution was attributed to the elimination of inclusions and impurity segregation at the grain boundaries brought about by LSM.


The role of PR practitioners in boosting understanding of CSR performances is ambiguous. It is widely acknowledged by numerous researches that PR is about sharing the relevant information with stakeholders, creating strong relationship, organizing efficient communication process, promoting company image etc. On the other hand, goals of CSR concept are barely corelated with PR one, nevertheless this research uncloses the way PR practitioners could become a significant subject of CSR strategy at the enterprise.


Abstract Mistakes involving medicine brand names may lead to serious medication errors and even patients' death. We tested the effect of medicine brand names shape – native vs. non-native spelling – in two groups of Portuguese speaking subjects: (i) pharmacy clients (older and less educated); (ii) graduate students (younger and more educated). We run a recognition task and an immediate recall task, testing three groups of names with: (1) non-native graphemes, (2) non-native grapho-/phonotactics, (3) native patterns. Results showed that names with non-native properties, especially non-native graphemes, were recalled significantly worse. Non-native patterns had a null effect in the recognition task, possibly due to a facilitating effect of the odd, non-native feature, compensating for the extra demand imposed by non-native patterns on processing. Less educated, older participants consistently performed significantly worse than more educated, younger subjects across experiments. The results suggest the pertinence of adapting medicine names to the language of target users.


We fabricated a DP-QPSK receiver PLC by the heterogeneous integration of eight high-speed PDs on a compact silica-based PLC platform with a PBS, 90-degree optical hybrids and a VOA. 32 Gbaud DP-QPSK signal demodulation was successfully demonstrated.


Objective To take measures extraction of mandibular impacted third molars law clinical efficacy comparative analysis of the two.Methods From the cases admitted to the hospital selected 20 patients with the mandibular low level impacted wisdom tooth patients were male and 12 cases,eight cases of women,their age be- tween the ages of 15-40. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and the observation group,each group of 10 patients. The observation group were taken Turbine Handpiece the boneless surgery to the treatment of patients,while the control group the group taken Chisel boneless surgery treatment to patients,the use of the statistical theory of knowledge of the two groups of patients in the operative time,the degree of pain,mouth by limits,dry socket,and the degree of swelling of the comparative analysis( P 0. 05) . Results After treatment and care,the degree of swelling of the observation group patients,operative time,as well as the degree of pain than the control group,and the mouth of the subject to the limits lower than those in the control group,the two groups have significant differences,but no obvious dry socket differences. Conclusion Scientific surgery,according to the patient's clinical symptoms and physical help to shorten the surgical extraction of wisdom teeth,to alleviate the suffering of the patients in the surgery .


OBJECTIVES
This study compared sexual risk behaviors of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) and heterosexual adolescents and evaluated associations between gay-sensitive HIV instruction and risk behaviors of GLB youths.

METHODS
A random sample of high school students and HIV education teachers completed surveys. Self-reported risk behaviors of heterosexual and GLB adolescents were compared, with control for student and community demographic characteristics. Sexual risk behaviors of GLB youths in schools with and without gay-sensitive instruction were compared.

RESULTS
GLB youths reported more substance use, high-risk sexual behaviors, suicidal thoughts or attempts, and personal safety issues than did heterosexual youths (P < .001). Among those who were sexually active, GLB youths reported more lifetime and recent sexual partners than did heterosexuals (P < .001), and more of them reported alcohol use before last sex (P < .01) and a history of pregnancy (P < .001). GLB youths in schools with gay-sensitive instruction reported fewer sexual partners, less recent sex, and less substance use before last sex than did GLB youths in other schools (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings document increased risk behaviors among GLB youths and demonstrate the potential benefits of providing gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools.


High levels of nitrate contamination of granite stone are a major problem, affecting large surfaces of many historical monuments, particularly in the north-west of Spain. This study showed a comparison between different traditional and biotechnological desalination methods in order to evaluate the most appropriate cleaning treatment for nitrate desalination of granite. Three types of traditional desalination methods (with cellulose and/or sepiolite) were compared with two types of bacterial denitrifying treatments that used Pseudomonas stutzeri (with cotton wool or with agar 2% as delivery systems). The in-situ tests were carried in the Cristo Chapel of Stª Mª de Conxo in Santiago de Compostela (Spain), which has a high nitrate salt content in its granite pavement. Conductivity and nitrate content measurements, biological monitoring and digital image analysis were performed to determinate the efficacy of each method. The findings showed that both techniques succeeded in reducing salt content, but bio-desalination was the more effective method tested. This work contributes to the practical implementation of BTCH (Biocleaning Technologies for Cultural Heritage) for the bio-desalination of granite surfaces, and to the evaluation of the use of non-destructive cleaning techniques based on digital imaging.


The essay points out the key problem in the controversy of safety management of transgenic technology, and analyzed the main content of the Cortagena Protocol on Biosafety.


A new method for the simultaneous determination of five resin acid isomers in disproportionated rosin is investigated by derivative spectrophometry. The main component dehydroabietic acid and little component abietic acid, neoabietic acid, levopimaric acid and pulustic acid of a few types disproportionated rosin were determinated quantitatively by selecting the proper order(n) of derivative, differential wavelength difference, scanning rate and quantitative method. The method operates simply with high sensitivity. The background interference of isomers in resin is completely eliminated. The relative standard deviation is below 0.02% and average recovery rate 99.0%.


The publication explores the anatomical structure of the central nervous system in a broad sense, presenting cytological and histological aspects as well as macroscopic anatomy. The chapter on important functional systems allows the reader to approach the functioning of the nervous system from a practical point of view. The book also includes a detailed study of the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system, often neglected in other neuroanatomy textbooks. In this edition, new sections have been added, for example, portions concerning the development of the layers of the cerebral cortex. Some very practical clinical tips have been also added to develop semiological and pathological aspects. Further readings are proposed at the end of the publication and a well-built index allows the reader to easily navigate the book. This is a must-read book that should be recommended to all medical students and anyone working in the field of neurosciences. Laurent Tatu , Besançon The third volume of the Color Atlas of Human Anatomy on the Nervous System and Sensory Organs by Werner Kahle has become a 'classic' of all neuroanatomy textbooks. Its 7th edition in English and revised by Michael Frotscher has just been published. Its didactic layout, a key to its success among students and physicians, remains the same: a synoptic outline on the left page and clear illustrations on the right page. Published online: September 18, 2015


This third report in the series reviews possible safeguards approaches for new fast reactors in general, and the ABR in particular. Fast-neutron spectrum reactors have been used since the early 1960s on an experimental and developmental level, generally with fertile blanket fuels to "breed" nuclear fuel such as plutonium. Whether the reactor is designed to breed plutonium, or transmute and "burn" actinides depends mainly on the design of the reactor neutron reflector and the whether the blanket fuel is "fertile" or suitable for transmutation. However, the safeguards issues are very similar, since they pertain mainly to the receipt, shipment and storage of fresh and spent plutonium and actinide-bearing "TRU"-fuel. For these reasons, the design of existing fast reactors and details concerning how they have been safeguarded were studied in developing advanced safeguards approaches for the new fast reactors. In this regard, the design of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II "EBR-II" at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) was of interest, because it was designed as a collocated fast reactor with a pyrometallurgical reprocessing and fuel fabrication line – a design option being considered for the ABR. Similarly, the design of the Fast Flux Facility (FFTF) on the Hanford Site was studied, because it was a successful prototype fast reactor that ran for two decades to evaluate fuels and the design for commercial-scale fast reactors.


Molecular vibrations and their dynamics are of outstanding importance for electronic and thermal transport in nanoscale devices as well as for molecular catalysis. The vibrational dynamics of <100 molecules are studied through three-colour time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (trCARS) using plasmonic nanoantennas. This isolates molecular signals from four-wave mixing (FWM), while using exceptionally low nanowatt powers to avoid molecular damage via single-photon lock-in detection. FWM is found to be strongly suppressed in nm-wide plasmonic gaps compared to plasmonic nanoparticles. The ultrafast vibrational decay rates of biphenyl-4-thiol molecules are accelerated ten-fold by a transient rise in local non-equilibrium temperature excited by enhanced, pulsed optical fields within these plasmonic nanocavities. Separating the contributions of vibrational population decay and dephasing carefully explores the vibrational decay channels of these tightly confined molecules. Such extreme plasmonic enhancement within nanogaps opens up prospects for measuring single-molecule vibrationally-coupled dynamics and diverse molecular optomechanics phenomena.


Return conductor networks are typically used to provide a low inductance return path back to the generator during most full vehicle tests and tests of other large objects. There are several commonly used methods of return networks, the most popular of which are coaxial return arrays and ground planes. During the construction of these arrays, practical considerations often take precedence over the intended design due to facility constraints, time, materials, and accessibility issues. While conducting tests, it is not uncommon for wires to be moved, droop, or fall, and the impact of these changes on measurements and current flow is not well understood. Utilizing the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics, these effects can be accurately calculated. In this work, a sample wing box is constructed in COMSOL with several ribs and spars. A coaxial return array and ground plane return network are modelled, with common routing and configuration defects analyzed.


Drafting formations have been long recognized as highly effective for reducing drag and enhancing athletic performance, particularly in race walking events. The precise spacing and positioning of the race walkers are critical to optimizing the effectiveness of drafting. In this study, drag reduction in 15 drafting formations is investigated using wind tunnel experiments and CFD numerical simulations. The results show excellent consistency in drag reduction rate between the two methods, with differences being within 10%. This can be attributed to spacing replacing body shape differences as the primary factor influencing drag reduction. Optimal double, triple, and quadruple drafting formations produce the same results in both the wind tunnel experiments and CFD simulation, resulting in drag reductions of 67%, 66%, and 81% (wind tunnel) and 65%, 72%, and 85% (CFD). The sources of drag differences in the two methods are discussed from various aspects. The flow field obtained through CFD analysis is used to examine the mechanism of drag reduction, revealing that drafting formations have a significant shielding effect on incoming air, which reduces the number and speed of airflow impacting the core race walker. This shielding effect is identified as the primary cause of drag reduction. Using an empirical model for mechanical power output, optimal double, triple, and quadruple drafting formations enhance sports economy (4.4–5.7%), speed (3.61–4.67%), and performance (173.8–223.3 s) compared to race walking alone. The findings can serve as a reference for race walkers' positioning strategies and provide insights for considering drafting formations in various running events.


Purpose
Based on the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), the territorial public emergency supplies will be networked, platform-based management, unified emergency dispatch. The problem of supplies dispatching in the "last kilometer" of emergency is solved, and the supplies needed in the disaster area are promptly delivered to the hands of the victims so that they can quickly be rescued after the disaster and to save valuable time for rapid rescue, which can greatly decrease casualties and property losses. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
By analyzing the shortage of existing emergency supplies dispatching research and taking all factors such as disaster area demand, social reserve, road conditions, mode of transport, loading limit, disaster area satisfaction rate and road capacity into consideration under the background of IoT, a variety of the territorial emergency supplies dispatching model with more rescue points, more affected areas are constructed. The objective function of the model is to aim in finding the shortest rescue time, giving the solution algorithm, and finally simulating the simulation case.

Findings
Based on the context of the IoT, the territorial public emergency supplies will be networked, platform-based management, unified emergency dispatch. Considering factors such as road conditions, modes of transport and road capacity, the authors construct a number of emergency rescue plans, multiple disaster scenarios and various emergency supplies dispatching models. The authors simulate the situation through simulation cases with the shortest time being the ultimate goal. The problem of supplies dispatching in the "last kilometer" of emergency is solved, and the supplies needed in the disaster area are promptly delivered to the hands of the victims so that they can quickly be rescued after the disaster and to save valuable time for rapid rescue, which can greatly decrease casualties and property losses.

Originality/value
This paper provides little research on the dispatch of emergency supplies. The problems of direct dispatch from the rescue point to the affected area and dispatch of supplies without relying on the arrival of emergency supplies at the rear are addressed. Therefore, this study does not focus on the arrival of emergency supplies at the rear but on direct dispatching issues during territorial public emergency supplies from the rescue point to the disaster point.


— The present paper uses a complex-valued fractional-order model for neural networks (NN) in order to design a nonlinear model for the number of infected/uninfected CD4+ T cells into the HIV dynamic when an antiviral therapy based on protease inhibitors is applied. The dynamic of the closed-loop system associated with HIV will be studied by using Caputo-type derivatives on Hopfield Neural Networks. The present work uses the mutual interference between an additive activation dynamics of Hopfield NN and the complex-valued fractional-order model in order to analyze the local and global asymptotic stability of HIV when it is submitted to the antiviral therapy. The effect of drug-resistance will be the main starting point to understand how the resistant CD4+ T cells can be reduced. To validate the proposed analysis the equilibrium point of FOHNN model will be mathematically studied by using quadratic-type Lyapunov functions and compared with a model based on Gr¨unwald-Letnikov formulation. The results show that the model based on FOHNN converges toward a small ball of the origin with better performance than the model based on a Gr¨unwald-Letnikov formulation.


We show how Feynman diagrams may be evaluated to take advantage of recent developments in the application of Cutkosky rules to the calculation of one-loop amplitudes. A sample calculation of gg->gH, previously calculated by Ellis et al., is presented illustrating this equivalence. This example demonstrates the use of cutting rules for massive amplitudes.


Tax law is a daunting subject for many law students, requiring both technical and abstract thinking. Tax law necessitates a firm grasp of the Internal Revenue Code provisions, the reasoning behind them the way they interact, and how courts have interpreted them. This book provides a guide for beginning tax students, with extensive coverage of thirty-six subjects typically covered in the basic federal income tax course.


Sexuality in elderly men is a neglected area, surrounded by myths and strongly influenced by psychosocial factors. Despite physiological changes in sexual functioning, many men continue healthy sexuality into late life. Sexual problems are common in the dementias and in depressive illness. They may generate difficult ethical dilemmas for health and social care staff. Various treatments, psychological, environmental and pharmacological, may be of benefit. Although prescribed drugs may be used to treat sexual dysfunction, they may also cause it. Attitudes towards sexuality in elderly men have a powerful influence in determining whether sexual behaviours are regarded as dysfunctional, and in the recognition and treatment of sexual dysfunction.


The status of Dortmund 1.5-GeV Electron Test Accelerator (DELTA) project is reviewed. The design goals of this new high-brightness photon source are to provide test possibilities for accelerator research and development, to serve as a driver for different FEL (free-electron laser) experiments, and to represent-to a limited extent-a single-user photon source of very special beam characteristics. The facility consists of a 20-100-MeV linac, the booster synchrotron BODO, which can also be operated independently as a ramped storage ring, and the main storage ring DELTA. With its circumference of about 115 m, the most recent racetrack-shaped version of DELTA has two arcs consisting of ten separated-function triplet cells and two 20-m-long straight sections for insertion devices. Three different FEL projects are under development, starting with an optical klystron in the visible to FELs from lambda =100 to <20 nm. The lattice and machine parameters of DELTA are examined along with the magnets and vacuum chamber.<<ETX>>


The values of the Justice are like the engine of a car. If the design of the engine is correct the Justice works right. Anyway, if the engine of the car is not well built it will happen breakdowns that will make them difficult to good circulation. From this point of view, the spanish Justice has important structural defects in the engine. The two most important are: 1 st ) Disarticulation of the Justice due to the direction of the judicial politic belongs to several Administrations,


Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with frequent appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies. Catheter ablation of AF has been shown to reduce AF burden and improve left ventricular function in heart failure patients but the impact on ICD therapies has not been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that AF ablation reduces ICD therapies in patients with cardiomyopathies. Methods: In 73 consecutive patients (mean age 59 ± 10 years, 85 % male) with previously implanted ICD due to ischemic (n=30) or dilated cardiomyopathy (n=43) undergoing AF catheter ablation, the frequency of appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies before and after AF ablation were compared. Results: During mean follow-up of 3.3 ± 3 years prior to AF ablation, 4.5 ± 14.7 therapies per patient-year were delivered as opposed to 1.5 ± 10.9 in period of 1.1 ± 0.9 years after ablation. Therefore, catheter ablation of AF reduced the frequency of all ICD therapies by a factor of 3 (p=.002). Both, inappropriate therapies decreased from 2.7 ± 10.9 to 1.4 ± 10.9 per patient-year (p=.02) and appropriate therapies decreased from 1.7 ± 10.9 to 0.1 ± 0.9 per patient-year (p=.028). While heart failure medication and use of antiarrhythmic drugs was comparable during entire follow-up period, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly improved from 36 ± 11 to 42 ± 13% (p=.004) after AF ablation. Conclusions: In patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy, catheter ablation of AF reduces inappropriate and appropriate ICD therapies and improves LVEF.


A remote tire pressure monitoring system includes a tire monitor, a receiver, a transmitter, and a controller. The tire monitor is configured to operate in a power saving mode, in which it senses inflation pressure of a tire, determines a change in the inflation pressure of the tire, and transmits a pressure transmitting signal only when the determined change in the inflation pressure is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. The controller is operatively connected with the receiver and the transmitter. The controller works to determine, upon receipt of the pressure transmitting signal by the receiver, the inflation pressure of the tire based on the pressure transmitting signal. The controller also works to control, in response to receipt of the pressure transmitting signal by the receiver, the transmitter to transmit the acknowledge signal to inform the tire monitor that the receiver has certainly received the pressure transmitting signal.


This paper is concerned with the Kalman filtering problem for tracking a single target on the fixed-topology wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Both the insufficient anchor coverage and the packet dropouts have been taken into consideration in the filter design. The resulting tracking system is modeled as a multichannel nonlinear system with multiplicative noise. Noting that the channels may be correlated with each other, we use a general matrix to express the multiplicative noise. Then, a modified extended Kalman filtering algorithm is presented based on the obtained model to achieve high tracking accuracy. In particular, we evaluate the effect of various parameters on the tracking performance through simulation studies.


A cluster-based fault critical clearing time parallel computing method distributes computing cores according to search interval lengths of faults and ensures the faults with great search intervals to receive more cores. If the tap position split step size of the fault is less than the computing accuracy, the number of cores required by the fault is determined according to the computing accuracy demand. When the absolute accuracy is adopted, if the tap position split step size meets the convergence accuracy, longer observation time is adopted to directly obtain the transient state security CCT and dynamic security CCT through once iteration; else, shorter observation time is adopted to obtain transient security CCT and set the transient security CCT as the upper limit, and then the longer observation time is utilized to obtain the dynamic security CCT. When the relative accuracy is adopted, the transient security CCT is firstly obtained and the dynamic security CCT is subsequently obtained. When the security stability indexes of various power systems are taken into consideration, the minimum one of the angle stability CCT, the voltage security CCT, frequency security CCT and dynamic security CCT is obtained.


abstractt of the specified scope of Chemical Cleaning Guide of Boiler in Thermal Power Plant, a new cleaning system for capital generating unit was designed and new cleaning agent was employed; and the new chemical cleaning technology for the drainage system of high pressure and low pressure heaters and the steam side of condenser were carried out. The implementation of this technology saved large amount of fuel oil, coal and desalting water, speeded up the commissioning process of newly built unit. The implementation of new cleaning treatment and anticorrosion technology on the copper tube surface thoroughly eliminated the " early corrosion" hidden trouble of all heat exchangers connected with the circulating water system, with obvious economic and social benefit gained.


Introduction: In patients who undergo cardiac device (ICD) implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD), data is unclear if their generator needs to be replaced at end of life if their ejection fraction improves. Despite improvement in EF however, the underlying scar may remain the same. Methods: A retrospective study was performed at two high volume centers. Data on 280 patients who underwent ICD implantation for primary prevention of SCD was obtained after excluding patients with incomplete follow-up data. These patients were followed until November 2013 for any improvement in EF and if they underwent a generator change at device ERI. All arrhythmic events and appropriate and inappropriate shocks/ATP were all recorded. Mortality records were obtained from social security death index and chart review. Results: Thirty percent (n=86/280) of patients improved their EF to > 35% of which 41% (n=36) underwent a generator change by the study ending period for ERI/lead malfunction/infection issues with the rest not yet at ERI. Mean baseline EF in patients with and without EF improvement was 26±7% and 23±7%, p=0.2. Data for arrhythmic events was unavailable in n=25 patients in those with EF improvement and n =39 patients in those without EF improvement. Among the remaining 61 patients, appropriate events (shock+ATP) were noted in 22% of patients (n=14/61) and inappropriate shocks and ATP in 6% of (n=4/61) patients after their EF improved to > 35%. Two patients received a prior shock when their EF was low. In contrast, in patients who had no improvement in EF, 31% (n=48/155) received an appropriate event (p= Conclusions: Although patients with improvement in EF had fewer total events (ATP+shock) than those without improvement, the percentage of patients with ICD therapy post EF improvement with no prior ICD discharges is high enough (20%, n=12/59) to warrant an ICD despite EF improvement.


Plants have a remarkable mechanism to guarantee reproduction. Unlike animals, which are free to roam about and seek mates, plants are rooted to one spot in the ground. Pollination allows plants to reproduce sexually with other plants over large areas. Over millions of years, plants developed a remarkable range of strategies to guarantee that the male and female parts of the flower get together to produce offspring, or seeds.


This study investigated the relationship between shoe heel density (HD), toe density (TD) and its effect on the peak ground reaction force (GRF) and rate of force development (RFD) during jumping. This study also assessed the reliability of the durometer to assess shoe soles. Subjects included 12 men. Shoe HD and TD were assessed via durometer and kinetics were determined during the countermovement jump on a force platform. A Pearson bivariate correlation analysis was performed. Results reveal that HD was not correlated with GRF (r = -.22, p = .50) or RFD (r = -.14, p = .67). Similarly, TD was not correlated with GRF (r = -.29, p = .37) or RFD (r = -.28, p = .37). Intraclass correlation coefficients for the heel and toe durometer were .95 and .92, respectively. Jumping kinetics were not mediated by shoe sole characteristics, though the durometer was reliable for assessing shoe soles.


Injuries to the tarsometatarsal joint complex are known as Lisfranc injuries. Although relatively rare when considered with all other injuries about the foot and ankle, they are frequently seen in the orthopedic clinic. These injuries are often missed and can lead to long-standing pain and disability. Therefore, a high index of suspicion must be maintained by the evaluating orthopedic surgeon. Studies have shown that anatomic reduction is critical to obtain a good result. Transarticular screw fixation has the ability to obtain and maintain an anatomic reduction. This technique has historically been the most common method of treatment. But, follow-up studies have shown a high rate of posttraumatic arthritis and reoperation. This has led to the consideration of other means of treatment such as primary arthrodesis, extra-articular plating, and suture button fixation. Regardless of the chosen method, the goal of treatment is a stable, pain-free, plantigrade foot. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


A daily dosage of 0·2 r. is accepted from the literature as a fundamental tolerance dose in these measurements. A critical discussion of the photographic method for weak intensities is given, together with an estimation of the doses in r.-units which, after standard development, correspond to a given blackening (0·5) of a modern X-ray doubly sensitised film. This dose is of the order 0·02 r. for medium-soft rays. For the hardest rays usually met within diagnostic work, the dose giving 0·5 blackening must be regarded as equivalent to 0·05 r. For the very hard rays associated with deep therapy a greater dose is observed to correspond to 0·5 blackening, and a simple criterion is described to distinguish them from the medium-hard and soft rays. The photographic method is seen to be particularly suitable for the continuous control of the day to day dose. The intensity which just permits the shadow of a lead strip on a fluorescent screen to be distinguishable in complete darkness with well accommodated eyes is ...


Fetal sheep responds to H with blood hypertension, bradycardia, and cardiac output redistribution. Since the response to H in fetuses from species that evolved at high altitudes is not fully known, we studied the cardiovascular response to H in chronically catheterized fetal llamas. we determined in 7 fetal llamas (4 post surgery days) arterial gases, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and its distribution (radiolabelled microspheres) basally (50%Sat Hb descending aorta) and after 20 min of H (14% Sat Hb). The results were: [Xmacr ;[plusmn;SEM,*p<0.05 vs basal).Cardiovascular response to hypoxemia in fetal llamas is comparable to that of fetal sheep. However, in contrast to fetal sheep, brain blood flow does not increase and kidney blood flow markedly decreases, which could affect oxygen supply to these organs. This suggest selective mechanisms of adaptation in these territories that could allow them to arrest metabolic function of the cells. FONDECYT89-1080


Lithium has been intercalated into , and deintercalated from both electrochemically and chemically. The inserted ions are stabilized in the distorted octahedral field in interlayer space of . The crystal symmetry is reduced from tetragonal to monoclinic due to the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions in upon lithium intercalation. From the magnetic and structural data, it has been concluded that the high-spin electronic configuration of , corresponding to , group term in symmetry, can be stabilized by the elongation of octahedra in a weak ligand field.


Using cerium nitrate and citric acid as raw materials, nanometer CeO2 particles were prepared by microwave heating method. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the products. Activities of prepared nano-photocatalysts were investigated under sunlight. The results show that the prepared samples are fluorite cubic nanometer CeO2 particles with the particle size of 19.62 nm when the microwave power is 450 W and the heating time is 60 s. Photodegradations of methylene blue in an aqueous solution is studied taking nanometer CeO2 particles as photocatalyers. After 120 min illumination, the decolorization rate of the methylene blue is 82% when using catalysts with mass concentration of 0.6 g/L, which is higher by 21% than that with CeO2 particles prepared by milling method.


This work deals with monitoring the occurrence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the genital tract of couples treated at the Centre of Assisted Reproduction SANUS Pardubice and its effects of infertility of these couples. It was also tested for comparsion a control group of healthy (fertility) women from Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty hospital in Hradec Kralove. Detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was performed by cultivation on selective diagnostic medium in cervical swabs from women and from men ejaculate. The samples positive for either microbial species were subjected to the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution method in PPLO broth.


The experiment was performed to evaluate the impact of feeding different dietary programs having different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) during starter period and those of finisher ones which were less than that of the commercial standard (3150 kcal/kg) by 50, 100 and 150 kcal/kg with or without Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and energy enzymes on broilers productive performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 7300 Cobb 500 unsexed one day-old chicks were used. All chicks were fed pre-starter diet contained 23% crude protein (CP) and 2950 kcal ME /kg during the phase of (1-7) days. Afterward, experimental groups consist of 18 feeding programs where each program consists of two phases. During starter phase (8 -17) days, birds fed experimental diets contained constant level of CP (22%) with either of three ME levels (2950, 3000 or 3050 kcal/kg), whereas through the finisher phase (18 – 35 days), birds received diets of constant level of CP (21%) with either of the three graded ME levels being 3100, 3050 or 3000 kcal/kg with or without studied additives for each. Results showed that the best live body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in dietary program included starter diet of 3050 kcal ME/kg and finisher one of 3100 kcal ME/kg with additives inclusion compared with the worst FCR of dietary program included starter diet of 2950 kcal ME/kg and finisher one of 3000 kcal ME/kg without additives. Carcass and abdominal fat weights were significantly improved (P≤0.05) by either feed programs with additives compared with those un-supplemented. Furthermore, and no significant effects on dressed and carcass cut weight were observed among dietary treatments. It can be concluded that, feeding dietary program included starter diet of 3050 kcal ME/kg with 22% CP and finisher one of 21% CP and 3100 kcal ME/kg (50 kcal/kg less than recommended) with bioactive additives had a beneficial effect on broiler productive performance and carcass yields.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of identification of high virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori by detection of serum CagA antibodies.Methods Gastric mucosa biopsy specimens by gastroscopy in outpatient departments in this area were collected for pathologic examination and culture of Helicobacter pylori,while the sera of same patients were collected simultaneousely.Hp cagA genes were isolated and tested by polymerase chain reaction and serum CagA antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay(EIA).The feasibility of identification of high virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori carried out by detection of serum CagA antibodies.The relationship between detection of cagA gene anddigestive diseases was analyzed and the results of detection of cagA genes and CagA antibodie were also compared.Results There 80 Hp strains were isolated from patients wherein 54 strains possessed cagA gene.Total positive rate of cagAgene was 67.50%.The positive rates of cagA gene in various pathological types of gastropathy patients were as follows:superficial gastritis 77.42%,atropic gastritis 62.86%,gastric ulcer 58.33%,gastric carcinoma 50.00%,respectively(P0.05).The total positive rate of CagA antibodies detected by EIA was 55.00%,while the sensitivity,the specificity,Youden's index and the adjusted agreement were 74.07%,84.62%,58.69% and 77.68%,respectively.Conclusion Detection of serum CagA antibodies for diagnosis of high virulent Hp infection has its limitation.


This article demonstrates the fallacy of legal deduction as a method which is supposed to guarantee the certainty and predictability of the law. The Author asserts that legal deduction is in fact not of a logical nature. Their premises are of an uneven character or else one of them must be created in a non-mechanical way. This in turn makes legal deduction that is comprehended as a mode of inference that is infallible, provided its premises are true / valid nothing more than misunderstanding and fallacy. In addition, in this paper, the outcomes of legal deduction are shown to be highly dependent on the direct and indirect context under the threat of their being utterly absurd. Since the lack of fixity and clarity, these contexts, however, may lead one to madness, i.e. at least unless she or he abandons the idea that only logical types of inferences govern legal deduction and are solely responsible for its outcomes.


Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play increasingly important roles in pathological processes involved in disease development. However, whether mRNAs interact with miRNAs and lncRNAs to form an interacting regulatory network in diseases remains unknown. In this study, the interaction of coexpressed mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs during tumor growth factor-β1-activated (TGF-β1) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was systematically analyzed in human alveolar epithelial cells. For EMT regulation, 24 mRNAs, 11 miRNAs and 33 lncRNAs were coexpressed, and interacted with one another. The interaction among coexpressed mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs were further analyzed, and the results showed the lack of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) among them. The mutual regulation may be correlated with other modes, such as histone modification and transcription factor recruitment. However, the possibility of ceRNA existence cannot be ignored because of the generally low abundance of lncRNAs and frequent promiscuity of protein-RNA interactions. Thus, conclusions need further experimental identification and validation. In this context, disrupting many altered disease pathways remains one of the challenges in obtaining effective pathway-based therapy. The reason being that one specific mRNA, miRNA or lncRNA may target multiple genes that are potentially implicated in a disease. Nevertheless, the results of the present study provide basic mechanistic information, possible biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for diseases, particularly pulmonary tumor and fibrosis.


The creation of upperclass scholar song poetry in the Han Dynasty was mainly limited to the members of the loyal families.They created song poetry with the special Chu music system known as "Chu Sheng",which formed its special sorrowful feeling characteristic.The lowerclass scholar song poetry had the same sorrowful feeling characteristic as the upperclass scholar poetry.However,the lowerclass scholar only changed The Book of Songs,which drifted away the "poetic mood" of special spot and feeling into some landscape that was connected with poets' action and mental feeling,so it offered a special and perceptual space to convey emotions.In the meantime,there are many reasons for us to discuss why scholar song poetry could not be popularized like folk song poetry in Han Dynasty.


The previously unreported crystal structure of (S)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAPHCl), the only active pharmaceutical ingredient specially developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation in men, has been determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data with DASH and refined by the Rietveld method with TOPAS-Academic. The structure was evaluated and optimized by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. This compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic cell, space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a= 6.3208(3) Å, b = 10.6681(5) Å, c = 28.1754(10) Å, V = 1899.89(14) Å3, Z = 4. The refinement converged to Rp = 0.0442, Rwp = 0.0577, and GoF = 2.440. The crystal structure is a complex 3D arrangement of DAPHCl moieties held together by hydrogen bonds, π⋯π, and C–H⋯π interactions. The chloride ions form layers parallel to the ab plane and are connected by dapoxetinium moieties through N–H⋯Cl and C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. These layers stack along the c-axis, which are connected by C–H⋯π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plot calculations have been performed.


The purpose of the study is to conduct a detailed scientific and practical substantiation of the features of social networks as catalysts for democratic processes in society due to modern conditions in the framework of globalization processes.Research methodology. The study used general scientific (generalization, comparison, induction and deduction) and empirical-theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis). The use of system-structural and statistical analysis made it possible to differentiate the main ratings of social network platforms, the number of social network users for the period 2012–2022 and the penetration of social networks by region in January 2022. Based on the survey, it was determined which social network citizens of Ukraine use to receive news.Results. It is determined that social networks are becoming a global phenomenon of communication and are developing independently and in an extremely dynamic environment of new innovative technologies. It is established that social networks are a segment of communication and socialization, which influences the formation of new social structures. It is determined that social networks are part of the public discourse, which allows to directly and publicly respond to political processes in society, which opens the possibility of political influence. The analysis found that the use of social networks is far from evenly distributed around the world, and the total number of social network users around the world has almost doubled from 1.48 billion in 2012 to 4.62 billion in 2022.Novelty. The scientific novelty of the results obtained in the article is due to the solution of an important scientific problem, which is to develop theoretical principles and practical recommendations for analyzing the features of social networks as catalysts for democratic processes in society. The article further develops the study on the main indicators of the spread of social networks in the global and national dimensions.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the study of the scientific field of «Social Communications». The results can be directed to further research of social networks as catalysts of democratic processes in society.Key words: social networks, catalysts, democratic processes, society.


The central Andean backthrust belt is a large‐scale west vergent thrust system along the western side of the Eastern Cordillera in the generally east vergent Andean fold‐thrust belt of Bolivia. Although west vergent structures in the central Andes have been recognized previously, we describe the backthrust belt at a regional scale, emphasizing its implications for the kinematic development of the Andes and the subsequent influence of these kinematics on amounts of tectonic shortening. We use techniques such as line length balancing, restorability, and the viability of the progressive development of the structures to construct balanced cross sections across the backthrust belt and Altiplano. The cross sections are taken to a regional depth of detachment (basement) to examine the relationship between mapped surface structures and inferred subsurface structures. The relationship of the backthrust belt to the Altiplano suggests that the Altiplano basin is a crustal‐scale piggyback basin created as a basement megathrust propagated up and over a half‐crustal scale ramp located just west of the physiographic boundary of the Eastern Cordillera. This basement megathrust was the means by which a narrow Paleocene fold‐thrust belt located to the west of the Altiplano propagated eastward and emerged in the present Eastern Cordillera. The relationship between the basement thrusts and the physiographic boundaries of the Central Andean plateau (as defined by Isacks [1988]) suggests that extensive megathrust sheets (involving crystalline basement or quartzite) may play an important role in the formation of orogenic plateaus. The kinematic development of the Andean fold‐thrust belt indicates that the backthrust belt developed as a taper‐building mechanism after the basement megathrust overextended the system eastward. The mechanism proposed in this study for the development of the central Andean backthrust belt requires a minimum of 200 km of shortening within the Altiplano/Eastern Cordillera alone. This increases minimum shortening estimates across the fold‐thrust belt in Bolivia to as much as 300–340 km.


This paper presents a robust new approach using artificial neural networks in the form of a Self Organizing Map (SOM) as a semi-automatic method for analysis and identification of morphometric feat ...