Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in foodstuffs has been determined by colorimetry with salicylaldehyde. But this reaction was interfered with levurinic acid and pyruvic acid.It has been already known that titanic chloride (TiCl3) is used as chromogenic reagent of DHA in paper chromatography.The present report deals with the application of this color reaction to quantitative determination of DHA in foodstuffs.Aqueous sohition containing 0.1-1.0mg of DHA was transfered into a 10ml flask added 1ml of 1% TiCl3-hydrochloric acid solution, and diluted to the mark with water, and the resulting solution was mixed thoroughly. The absorbance of reaction mixture was determined at 390mμ.


Nursing role perception of a position in an organization serve as a framework for performance of a role within that organization. Whoever fills that position is expected to perform it in essentially the same way as any other person.
The aim of the pres


We have developed a novel π-π interaction and dual H-bond concerted control strategy to construct axially chiral naphthylamine heterocycles. With ortho-alkynyl-naphthylamines as the electrophile, indoles and 4-hydroxycoumarins were efficiently employed to construct axially chiral skeletons in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% enantiomeric excess). Furthermore, the resulting products could be converted to potential squaramides featuring organic catalysts.


Previous studies have shown that auditory cues contribute to the identification of several components of a public space such as the volume, but also the type of activity to which the space is dedicated. This paper demonstrates that solutions to improve way-finding in a public place can be based on providing additional auditory information. A methodical approach in three phases is proposed and applied in the case of a train station. First, problems encountered by travellers in a train station are identified by way of an ergonomic study under real conditions with recruited travellers. The results reveal three kinds of problems: orientation errors, lack of confirmation of direction, and lack of information about the remaining distance to be covered. In the second phase, functional and environmental specifications were developed in order to create sound signals for each identified problem. A sound designer proposed several nonspeech sound signals based on two schemas: a pair of sounds for the orientation and confirmation functions, and a timeline sequence for the remaining distance. Finally, in the third phase, the sound signals were installed in the train station using an experimental broadcasting system and were evaluated in a second ergonomic study using the same method. The results show that the number of orientation errors decreased and that participants felt more confident during their walk. Sound signals for the orientation and confirmation functions were understood and used by the participants. However, the timeline sequence signalling remaining distance was not understood. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


This report presents local government leaders' views on COVID-19's impact on local economic conditions, as well as reports of whether or not their local governments took action to help local businesses during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and assessments of any actions taken. These findings are based on statewide surveys of local government leaders in the Spring 2021 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS), conducted between April 5 and June 7, 2021.


The perturbing effects of the third component on the orbital parameters of the secondary component in the system of Algol are numerically estimated using the method of the theory of perturbation. The equations of secular perturbation are derived using the method of integration of the average value to solve the Lagrangian equations. The results show that the perturbing effect of the third body on the orbital parameters of the secondary component is not negligible.


The objective of this work is to revisit integral data assimilation for a better prediction of the characteristics of SFR cores.
ICSBEP, IRPhE and MASURCA critical masses, PROFIL irradiation experiments and the FCA-IX experimental programme (critical masses and spectral indices) with well-mastered experimental technique have been used. As calculations are performed without modelling errors (with as-built geometries) and without approximations with the TRIPOLI4 MC code, highly reliable C/E are achieved.
Assimilation results suggest a 2.5% decrease for 238U capture from 3 keV to 60 keV, and a 4-5% decrease for 238U inelastic in the plateau region. For this energy range, uncertainties are respectively reduced to 1-2% and to 2-2.5% for 238U capture and 238U inelastic respectively.
The increase trends on 239Pu capture cross section of around 3% in the [2 keV-100 keV] energy range come from a low PROFIL 240Pu/239Pu ratio C/E. For 240Pu capture cross section, the increase trend of around 4% in the [3 keV-100 keV] energy range goes in the same direction as the recent ENDF/B.VIII evaluation though at a much lower level.
The nuclear data uncertainty associated to SFR ASTRID critical mass is reduced to 470 pcm.


Based on an analysis of all administrative court cases published in the Netherlands in 2020 (N = 4,642), we tested the hypothesis that experienced law clerks write judgments with greater confidence than less experienced clerks. A confidently written judgment was defined as being shorter, less standardized, and containing fewer legal references than a less confidently written judgment. In support of this hypothesis, our results showed that law clerks with more experience co-signed judgments that were less standardized and contained fewer legal references. However, contrary to the confidence hypothesis, we established that these judgments were also longer than judgments co-signed by less experienced clerks. Our study contextualizes the concerns expressed in studies on the US Supreme Court about the delegation of drafting duties to inexperienced law clerks. The study challenges the assumption that delegation of drafting duties to law clerks automatically results in judgments with a less confident writing style, due to the clerks' inexperience. The assumption may hold for the US Supreme Court, where all law clerks are relatively inexperienced. However, the assumption does not hold in jurisdictions in which law clerks can be just as experienced (in terms of years worked in the legal field) as judges. This conclusion suggests that research on the functioning of the US Supreme Court cannot necessarily be generalized to other jurisdictions.


The traditional bag-of-visual-words (BOW) model quantifies the local features to the visual words to achieve efficient content-based image retrieval. However, since it causes considerable quantisation error and ignores the spatial relationships between visual words, the accuracy of partial-duplicate image retrieval based on BOW model is limited. In order to reduce the quantisation error and improve the discriminability of visual words, many partial-duplicate image retrieval methods have been proposed, which make use of the advantages of the geometric clues between visual words. In this paper, we propose a novel partial-duplicate scheme by using both spatial and visual contextual clues for removing the false matches effectively, which not only encodes the relationships of orientation, distance and dominant orientation between the referential visual word and its context, but also takes the colour information between visual words into consideration. Experimental results reveal that our proposed algorithm achieves superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods for partial-duplicate image retrieval.


e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com In vitro investigations of effects of lithium ascorbate and lithium carbonate on the expression of lymphocyte surface receptors in blood samples of patients with alcohol dependence were carried out. The blood samples with lithium salts (end concentration 1.2 mmol/l per lithium ion) were incubated for 30 minutes (control – physiological solution) and for 24 hours in the complete RPMI-1640 medium (control – RPMI-1640 Medium). lymphocyte subpopulation composition was assessed by flow cytometry. The total pool of lymphocytes (cd45 + ) and their phenotypes: (cd3 + cd19 - ); (cd3 + cd4 + ); (cd3 + cd8 + ); (cd3 - cd16 + cd56 + ); (cd3 + cd16 + cd56 + ), (cd3 - cd19 + ); (cd3 + HlA-dR + ); (cd3 - HlA-dR + ); (cd3 + cd95 + ) were revealed. In the conditions of 30-minute incubation, lithium salts did not exert influence on the membranes of mononuclear cells. With 24-hour incubation of blood samples with lithium salts their similar action on the membranes of mononuclear cells was established, which was characterized, mainly, by decreased expression receptors of NK-cells and increased expression of surface receptors for differentiation of T-cell subpopulations, more substantial in samples with lithium ascorbate. These data and revealed earlier by us biological effects of lithium ascorbate allowed characterizing this lithium salt as a promising compound for creation hereinafter of pharmacological agents with combined normothymic, antioxidant and


Condition indices that provide reliable estimates of body condition are valuable tools in waterfowl management. We evaluated the ability of condition indices to predict total body fat and protein for hunter-killed American wigeon (Anas americana) wintering on the Southern High Plains of Texas, USA. Six hundred and forty-two wigeon were collected from 1 October 1988 to 15 March 1989 and processed in the laboratory to determine mean values of carcass components including lipids, ash, and ash-free lean dry mass (protein). In regression equations for various sex and age groups, mass of omental fat deposits was the single best predictor of total body fat (R 2 =0.82 to 0.90), although addition of body mass or carcass mass to the equations somewhat improved accuracy of the models (up to R 2 =0.93). Protein was not as accurately predicted by measured variables, although equations using the same variables that accurately predicted total body fat (carcass mass or body mass+omental fat mass) provided R 2 values up to 0.53 for protein. Total body fat and, to a lesser extent, protein can be estimated reliably for wintering American wigeons using easily obtained measurements of dead birds.


The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is moving towards charging risk-based deposit insurance premium. Since it insures bank deposits, the FDIC is exposed to the counter-party credit risk, that is, the FDIC may suffer losses when one or more insured institutions default. This paper presents a framework for determining the deposit insurance premium based on the credit risk an insured institution imposes on the FDIC. In this framework, an analytical model within the asymptotic single risk factor framework is first developed to determine the appropriate size of the deposit insurance funds. The main drivers are each insured institution's probability of default, insured deposits, liability structure, asset correlation between the institutions, asset severity and the probability the total deposit insurance funds are adequate to cover the losses during a given period. The premium is then determined by this target deposit insurance fund and the funds already in place. This framework is timely from three perspectives. First, it enables the FDIC to calibrate the target ratios of the deposit insurance fund to levels of confidence and to see if this is what the US Congress had in mind in terms of how remote they would want the chances of deposit insurance fund running out. Second, the framework provides a benchmark for sanity check for premium being charged to an individual bank or a group of similar banks. Third, some details of the FDIC proposals are still to be parameterized. The results of the model may help the FDIC in honing down those parameters.


Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postanesthetic shivering and pain are common postoperative patient complaints that can result in adverse physical and psychological outcomes. Some antiemetics are reported to be effective in the management of postoperative pain and shivering, as well as PONV. We evaluated the efficacy of dexamethasone added to ramosetron on PONV, shivering and pain after thyroid surgery. Methods One hundred and eight patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly allocated to three different groups: the control group (group C, n = 36), the ramosetron group (group R, n = 36), or the ramosetron plus dexamethasone group (group RD, n = 36). The patients were treated intravenously with 1 and 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl (group C); or 2 ml of 0.15 mg/ml ramosetron plus 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl (group R); or 2 ml of 0.15 mg/ml ramosetron plus 1 ml of 5 mg/ml dexamethasone (group RD) immediately after anesthesia. Results Incidence of nausea and the need for rescue antiemetics, verbal rating scale (VRS) 1 hour pain value, ketorolac consumption, and incidence of shivering were significantly lower in group R and group RD, than in group C (P < 0.05). Moreover, these parameters were significantly lower in group RD than in group R (P < 0.05). Conclusions Combination of ramosetron and dexamethasone significantly reduced not only the incidence of nausea and need for rescue antiemetics, but also the VRS 1 hour pain value, ketorolac consumption, and the incidence of shivering compared to ramosetron alone in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.


OBJECTIVE To determine if paeonol can protect cultured rat neurons from anoxia-induced injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism.METHODS The rat neurons cultivated as the object of study and then build the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion.They were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group;injury model group;paeonol treatment groups,the paeonol was added before reperfusion,which included the three concentration of paeonol(0.2×10-6mol·L-1,Pae-L;1×10-6mol·L-1,Pae-M and 5×10-6mol·L-1,Pae-H);MK-801 group(10×10-6mol·L-1).Each group was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope;neuron viability was measured by the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT);binding force of NMDA receptors was evaluated by liquid scintillation counting;intracellular Ca2+ level was determined by fluorospectrophotometer.NO content and NOS activity were observed.RESULTS Compared with OGD/reperfusion group at each designated period,paeonol treatment after OGD obviously increased cell survival rate and reduced the binding force of NMDA receptors,decreased the activity of NOS and the content of NO and intracellular Ca2+.CONCLUSION Paeonol can protect ret neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury by alleviating morphological damage and increasing neuron viability.


Roman-native relationships have been an active topic of debate for many years, and interest shows no signs of abating. However, in the three decades since the last major survey of the Scottish data (Robertson 1970) there has been a substantial increase in the data-set, and it should now be possible to develop more complex and robust interpretations. The aim here is not to present a detailed new corpus of Roman material from non-Roman sites, although a list of finds since Robertson's work is given in the Appendix: instead, it is to look at the quantity and distribution of the material; to explore new approaches that allow us to develop models of its use; and to look at its nature. The study concerns itself with finds from Iron Age sites, burials or hoards; stray finds are not considered in detail since their cultural context is much harder to assess. The focus is on the uses made of Roman material in Iron Age societies. From this perspective, the mechanisms by which the material was acquired and the motives of the Romans in dealing with the 'barbarians' are less crucial, and they will not be considered in detail here. Different parts of Scotland sustained very different societies during the Iron Age and had quite different histories of Roman contact (Armit 1997a; Breeze 1982). To allow for this, an attempt will be made to identify regional patterns in the use of Roman material.


Description of six new species and nine new subspecies of Dichagyris Lederer, 1867, with 64 colour illustrations and 57 genitalia figures.


Renisha McBride, who was killed by a white homeowner while seeking help after a car crash, made national headlines due to her murderer's stand your ground defense failing to absolve him of manslaughter charges. This article argues that a key factor in McBride's justice claims were the unknown characteristics of her encounter with the murderer that allowed family members to advocate on her behalf. Using the Black Feminist concept of unknowability, I look at how news media discourses about McBride's unknown space and time prior to her encounter made her invisible while facilitating the continuous questioning of the events that night. Through an analysis of McBride's negative portrayals in news media and court proceedings along with family members' testimonies, I consider the ways unknowability affords Black women the ability to move from geographies of invisibility to visibility through a constant questioning of Black women's relationship to space. I argue that unknowability allowed McBride to obtain some form of juridical justice.


Features of the electric power market functioning, in comparison with common properties of modern markets, are considered. It is shown that continuous reforms, which take place in many countries, are far from reaching effective solution. Sectoral peculiarities, connected with both technological complexity of the field and economic specificity of the market participants, form very special model of the market. The main way to increase effectivity of the market, to make it more competitive and, in the same time, socially responsible, is to use widely and deeply the modern information technologies, including technologies of artificial intelligence. A technological scheme (especially targeted on features of the electric power market) has been proposed in the article. First, the technologies merge methods of collection, storage, processing, and presentation of information. The collection of market data should be automated, particularly, by the so-called intellectual avatars, which operate in the market as virtual agents. A reliable distributed storage of data, based on blockchain technology, is chosen. The big data technologies of data structuring, storage, and processing are involved. Datamining methods include effective presentation of results in forms of graphs and diagrams. The second set of technologies includes core mathematical models and "digital twins." They are aimed for data interpolation and extrapolation, in particular, for prediction of further system dynamics. The used neural networks have option of self-learning and self-development. At last, the third set is a set of user interfaces, which provides market actors by complete and adopted information and is organized in accordance with ideas of ergonomics.


We examine the stock price reactions to earnings announcements. We use a database that contains analysts' forecasts of earnings and revenues. This allows us to decompose earnings surprises into three components: innovations to expected cash flow and expected normal accruals, and an abnormal accrual component. We find that abnormal stock returns are contemporaneously positively related to all three components of the earnings surprise. The impact on stock prices varies, however, across the components. The marginal value of innovations to expected normal accruals much exceeds the marginal value of innovations to expected cash flow, which exceeds the marginal value of abnormal accruals. We also examine the relation between the earnings components and future cash flow and stock returns. Innovations to the earnings components are positively related to future cash flow.


For many years barbiturates have been used for prophylaxis and treatment of systemic toxic reactions to local anesthetic drugs. A study of 533 systemic toxic reactions and their treatment in 36,113 regional block procedures showed that: (1) the reactions were a result, not of an allergy but of high concentrations of the drug in the blood; (2) barbiturates used to treat such a reaction may do harm rather than good and may actually hasten the death of a patient; (3) barbiturates given preoperatively did not prevent reaction; (4) correction of oxygen want was the key to successful treatment of such a reaction; and (5) succinylcholine chloride, not a barbiturate, is now the drug of choice to stop convulsions and allow adequate oxygenation of the patient.


A comprehensive CFD-DPM model was established to describe coal pyrolysis in millisecond downer reactors under high temperatures. The model predictions revealed the fact that the reactor performance is dominated by the design of the temperature field to guarantee fast, sufficient heating of coal particles in milliseconds.


Abstract : The contiguous domain oscillator (CDO) is a resistive-gate GaAs FET which functions as a voltage-controlled millimeter-wave oscillator. The structure is compatible with planar processing and can be incorporated with standard GaAs FET in the form of monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMICs). The device was first proposed by Cooper and Thornber in 1983, and has been under investigation at Purdue since 1985. Conventional microwave oscillators (such as the IMPATT, BARITT, and Gunn diodes) generate microwave power by using a mechanism which depends strongly on electric field (e.g. avalanche multiplication or negative differential mobility) to create charge packets or domains. The conventional devices all employ a two-terminal geometry and hence are diodes. Since the internal electrostatic geometry is one dimensional, once a charge packet is introduced, it alters the electric field throughout the device in such a way as to turn off the generation mechanism. The single charge packet then drifts across the device and is extracted by the anode. Once the charge packet has drifted out of the device, the internal field returns to it's original value and the generation process begins again. The entire process is therefore a series of repeated transients, with the oscillation frequency determined by the inverse of the generation time plus the transit time. Clearly, once the device has been built, the transit time (and hence the oscillation frequency) is fixed. In addition, for millimeter-wave operation the drift distance must be made very short, typically less than 1 micrometer.


A model is described for the prediction of performance and emissions of a hydrogen or hydrogen and methane fuelled reciprocating engine. Predictions of nearly all dependent variables are in good agreement with measured values. The applicability of the model is restricted to homogeneous combustion or very rapid flame propagation.


.......................................................................................................x Chapter I: Introduction...................................................................................1 1.1 Abstract...........................................................................................1 1.2 Olfaction: An Evolutionarily Conserved Sense.........................................2 1.2.1 Importance and Mechanism of Smell.......................................2 1.2.2 Development and Anatomy of the Olfactory Periphery.................6 1.2.3 Olfactory Dysfunction..........................................................13 1.3 Adult Neurogenesis.........................................................................17 1.3.1 Distinct Areas of Adult Neurogenesis......................................17 1.3.2 Constitutive Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Periphery.................18 1.3.3 Regulation of Olfactory Neurogenesis....................................23 1.4 Cilia: Important Signaling Antennas.....................................................25 1.4.1 Motile and Primary Cilia......................................................25 1.4.2 Cilia in Adult Neurogenesis and Tissue Homeostasis: Implications in Signaling Pathways.........................................................29 1.5 The Hedgehog (HH) Signaling Pathway...............................................31 1.5.1 Canonical HH Signaling Mechanisms.....................................31


[Objective] To investigate the mental health and social support in patients with cervical spodylotic myelopathy. [Methods] Questionnaires were performed in 89 patients and 60 healthy volunteers using Symptom check list 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Life events scale (LES) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Statistical analysis were processed using Student′s t test and ANOVA test. [Results] The CSM group were influenced by more psychological and social factors. Somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation, psychotism and the mean of postitive factors of SCL-90 of the CSM group were significantly higher than the control group (P 0.05). The subjective and objective supports and total score of social supports of the SSRS also had the same results (P 0.05). The results of the EPQ ang LES scores of the CSM group were significangtly lower than the control group (P 0.05). [Conclusion] The cervical spondylotic myelopathy have more physical and mental problems, and we suggest that they should be given proper psychological treatment and more social supports besides the medical treatment.


The invention relates to an energy-saving and water-saving water circulation comprehensive heating utilization system. A branch pipe drainage system is arranged on the conventional drainage system of a building to collect the discharged water with certain heat, and the discharged water is used as the water source of a water source heat pump set to heat the water in a building sanitary hot water system. Particularly, the branch pipe drainage system is arranged on the conventional drainage system to collect the drainage, the heat of the discharged water is extracted, and the discharged water is filtered and purified, and then is recycled as recycled water. Therefore, the system has the advantages in the following three aspects: 1, because the hot water system adopts water-water heat pump set, the high-efficiency stable operation of the hot water system is guaranteed; 2, due to the adoption of the branch pipe drainage system, the treatment capacity of a sewage treatment system is reduced by 40 to 60 percent, and the sewage treatment cost is reduced; and 3, due to a recycled water recycling system, the water consumption of the building is reduced, and the aim of saving water resources is fully fulfilled.


Synopsis Several definiteness conditions in the multiparameter spectral literature are discussed. It is shown that some of these conditions permit simplifying transformations of the eigenvalues, leading to further definiteness properties. Geometrical equivalents for the algebraic conditions are established in terms of separation of convex cones. As a result, the relationship between the standard left and right definiteness conditions is clarified.


Full paper is available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3452497 Supplemental Material to the article "Buyer Alliances in Vertically Related Market". I first develop a model of vertical relationships that provides theoretical grounds for the status quo effect and the nondiscrimination effect from buyer alliances. Then, I outline the generating process of Figure 2 which illustrates these effects. Finally, I provide further details about the moments and the procedure used to estimate the demand model.


The inverted‐F antenna is experimentally downsized using various reactive and dielectric loading techniques. Antenna parameters are presented for each technique, including size reduction, bandwidth, and radiation performance. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 270–271, 2001.


The strong tensions on the labour market met for these twenty last years have considerably accentuated the inequalities of wages to the detriment of the least qualified workers. One of the explanations of the increase in the inequalities on the labour market privileges a shock of the application for a job following the diffusion of the ICT in the economy. Thus, the introduction of new technologies into the production process or the operation of the companies would lead those to recruit worker more formed better with the detriment of the least qualified. But can one establish a link between the use of the ICT, in particular with computer, and the level of wage? The object of this article is to try to answer partly this question using an econometric study carried out starting from French data matching of the characteristics of workers and companies. Without categorically rejecting the assumption of a technological bias, the results rather confirm those already found in France starting from other data sources. If the users of computer tool profit well from a wage premium this one remains in very modest proportions compared with the results obtained in the United States for example. / Les fortes tensions sur le marche du travail rencontrees depuis ces vingt dernieres annees ont considerablement accentue les inegalites de salaires au detriment de la main d'œuvre la moins qualifiee. Une des explications de l'augmentation des inegalites sur le marche du travail privilegie un choc de la demande de travail suite a la diffusion des TIC dans l'economie. Ainsi, l'introduction de nouvelles technologies dans le processus de production ou dans le fonctionnement des entreprises conduirait celles-ci a recruter davantage une main d'œuvre mieux formee au detriment de la moins qualifiee. Mais peut-on etablir un lien entre l'usage des TIC, en particulier de l'informatique, et le niveau de remuneration ? L'objet de cet article est de tenter de repondre en partie a cette question a l'aide d'une etude econometrique realisee a partir de donnees francaises appariant des caracteristiques de salaries et d'entreprises. Sans pour autant rejeter categoriquement l'hypothese d'un biais technologique, les resultats confirment plutot ceux deja trouves en France a partir d'autres sources de donnees. Si les utilisateurs de l'outil informatique beneficient bien d'une prime salariale celle-ci reste dans des proportions tres modestes comparees avec les resultats obtenus aux Etats-Unis par exemple.


The goal of our project is to recreate Wikipedia info boxes using the main text from Wikipedia pages, using a question answering framework. This model could then be expanded to extract facts from pages without info boxes, creating in essence a fact extraction framework for Wikipedia pages. By converting the information found in Wikipedia info boxes into the format of the SQuAD data set, we create a model that uses the BERT language representation to perform question answering and extract relevant facts from Wikipedia passages. Using the pre-built info boxes as ground truth data to train our model, our model takes a property (such as "birthdate") as a question for a passage and will return the value (such as "December 14") as the answer. We originally wrote a simple model using the BERT model followed by a linear layer, and evaluated this based on exact match and F1 score against a baseline that we created by writing specific models for properties in the info box. We then created more complicated models on top of the BERT model, and evaluated these models against this original simple BERT model. We found that using a question answering framework and a model using BERT and a highway layer, we were able to achieve an F1 score of 90.6, which beat our baseline model which had an F1 score of 42.7, while also improving recall because this works on all properties on Wikipedia. We found that adding a CNN on top of BERT also performed well, but was not as well as a simple linear layer or a highway layer. Finally, we found that increasing the passage length of a Wikipedia article increases both precision and recall of the facts we found.


The educational institutes are focusing on improving the performance of students by using several data mining techniques. Since there is an increase in the number of drop out students every year, if we are able to predict whether a student will complete the course or not, it is possible to take some preventive actions beforehand. The primary data set used for modelling has been taken from a reputed technical institute of Uttar Pradesh which consists of data of 6,807 students containing 20 academic and non-academic attributes. The most relevant attributes are extracted using CorrelationAttributeEval (in WEKA) technique using Ranker search method which ranks the attributes as per their evaluation. Synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) filter is applied to deal with the skewed data set. The models are built from eight classifiers that are analysed for predicting the most appropriate model to classify whether a student will complete the course or withdraw his/her admission.


In this paper we report our findings of college students' images of mathematicians and we reflect on different methodologies used to assess this information. The study reported in this paper was conducted in two stages. During the first stage, we asked 179 college students to "draw a mathematician" and also asked them to list five characteristics and five careers for a mathematician. In the second stage of the study, we conducted four focus group interviews with a total of twelve college students. During the focus group interviews, we showed the students 16 photos of real people and asked them to determine which they think are mathematicians and which are not. We found that college students do hold certain stereotypic images of mathematicians and that different perspectives arose based on the different research methodologies. In this paper, we argue for the need to go beyond relying solely on the "draw a mathematician" test and we conclude with a discussion on the implications that stereotypic images of mathematicians have on the mathematical workforce. Journal of Humanistic Mathematics Volume 10 Number 1 (January 2020) Katrina Piatek-Jimenez, Miranda Nouhan, and Michaela Williams 67


An attempt was made to assess the antimycotic activity of Acacia catechu Willd. extracts using three different solvents such as ethanol, acetone and hexane. Agar well diffusion technique was followed for screening against chosen fungi like Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer and Macrophoma phaseolina. The maximum inhibition was recorded in ethanol, acetone and hexane roots extracts. A. niger growth was controlled by acetone extract of bark, where as F. oxysporum, A. alternata, R. stolonifer and M. phaseolina by acetone extracts of A. catechu extract. These extracts can be utilized for the management of this plant. It is recommended to isolate, identify and integrate the bioactive principle in these pathogens management.


Three new mixed lithium−heavier alkali metal tert-butoxides [(t-BuO)8Li4M4] (M = Na, Rb, Cs) are reported which, added to the previously discovered potassium analogue [(t-BuO)8Li4K4], complete the homologous series. Remarkably, X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that all four heterometallic compounds adopt a common structure. This sixteen-vertex O8Li4M4 "breastplate" motif is built around novel (M+)4 planes (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs), both faces of which support chelating (O4Li2)2- dianions. Each such dianion is positioned approximately normal with respect to the other. Bonding within the breastplate structure involves a combination of μ3-Li, μ4-M, μ3-O, and μ4-O centers. Ab initio MO calculations on model systems predict that formation of the heterometallic breastplate from the exclusively μ3-bonded frameworks of its component homometallic structures is a favorable exothermic process. Best regarded as an inherently stable contacted triple ion sandwich comprising a dianion−tetramonocation−dianion arrangement,...


Native film production was almost non-existent in Ireland for most of the 20th century; however, the period between 1916 and 1921 seemed the beginning of a completely different story. The article first studies the birth and brief development, during the Easter Rebellion and the Irish War of Independence, of a small number of native film companies which, with more enthusiasm than either means or skill, managed to make comedies and nationalistic melodramas and documentaries, and release them with some success in Ireland and abroad. Next, the text contrasts these promising beginnings with the moral, political and economic harassment of film by Catholic nationalists in postindependence Ireland, who made it impossible for native filmmaking to resume after the Civil War and, besides, imposed high duties and stringent censorship regulations on foreign films distributed in the Irish Free State.


Contains links to books on the PHL 1001 Pre-Approved Books for Review list. These books from the booklist are in the IVCC Jacobs Library collection


The latest research results of the pattern of nutrient demand of garlic,onion,chinese onion and leek were summarized,the suggestions of developing studies of the pattern of nutrient demand were provided,and the science basis for preparation of specialty fertilizer and effective application of fertilizer in Allium species crops was offered.


: The existence of nonresponse in survey sampling has engendered inconsistencies in the estimation of population parameter. Such estimation, being characterized by nonresponse bias has become a rule rather than the exception in survey sampling, and this has been long acknowledged in the literature. Several authors have come up with different techniques such as subsampling the nonresponse, imputation, and calibration to curb this menace. An attempt to overcome the challenges faced in existing works, this study considered the estimation of finite population mean using calibration approach with subsampling the nonrespondents. Owning to the fact that calibration estimation has been found to reduce bias and improve efficiency of estimators. The classical estimator by Hansen and Hurwitz for estimating the population mean with subsampling the nonrespondents is calibrated upon using the chi square distance function, and different choices of the tunning parameter result in the calibration estimators of combined regression and ratio. Expressions for the bias, variance and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimators are derived and their properties studied. Again, the optimum conditions under which the suggested estimators have minimum variance and MSE are equally provided. Both efficiency and empirical comparisons are in favor of the proposed estimators, and suggest that the proposed estimators are more efficient and reliable with high precision than the existing estimators even in double sampling. In addition, expressions for optimal sample sizes with respect to the cost of the survey have been derived to validate the superiority of the proposed estimators, and the empirical investigation confirms the proposed estimators as highly preferable.


Glucose is one of the substrates that is controlled with the most efficient hormonal mechanisms in higher organisms. The presence of tissues such as the central nervous system which, under normal conditions, depend solely on glucose as substrate, and the sporadic type of food intake with periods of fasting of various lengths in the mammalians necessitate that the distribution of energy-rich substrates among various tissues be continuously adjusted by changes in the secretion of a number of hormones. The efficiency of this system is evidenced by the stability of the blood glucose level in man, in whom after a carbohydrate-rich meal more than 70% of the glucose that has been ingested will be retained in the liver during a single passage of portal blood, resulting in only small changes of the glucose concentration in peripheral blood. Likewise, periods of fasting up to24–36 h are followed by modest to minimal reductions of the blood glucose level, the liver now supplying the circulation with the hexose.


The polysaccharidic capsule is the main virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans. It primarily comprised of two polysaccharides: glucuronoxylomannan (GXM, 88% of the capsule mass) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM, 7% of the capsule mass). We constructed a large collection of mutant strains in which genes potentially involved in capsule biosynthesis were deleted. We used a new post‐genomic approach to study the virulence of the strains. Primers specific for unique tags associated with the disruption cassette were used in a real‐time PCR virulence assay to measure the fungal burden of each strain in different organs of mice in multi‐infection experiments. With this very sensitive assay, we identified a putative UDP‐glucose epimerase (Uge1p) and a putative UDP‐galactose transporter (Ugt1p) essential for C. neoformans virulence. The uge1Δ and ugt1Δ strains are temperature sensitive and do not produce GalXM but synthesize a larger capsule. These mutant strains (GalXM negative, GXM positive) are not able to colonize the brain even at the first day of infection whereas GXM‐negative strains (GalXM positive) can still colonize the brain, although less efficiently than the wild‐type strain.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outpatient prescriptions in HIS( Hospital Information System) of an ophthalmologic hospital so as to provide references for continuing improvement of prescription management. METHODS:Through comment on 67 695 outpatient prescriptions in HIS of an ophthalmologic hospital,the causes of the irrational prescriptions were analyzed and corresponding intervention measures were taken. RSEULTS: The comment on prescriptions and the effective interventions such as reminding the related staff about the key points in prescribing and dispensing contributed to rational use of drug and the number of irrational prescriptions began to decrease month by month. CONCLUSION: Some suggestions on improvement of prescriptions can be put forward based on the characteristics of HIS-based printed outpatient prescription so as to improve the qualification rate of prescriptions.


This paper studied about to identify the Awareness and Usage Reference Management Tools and Referencing Styles among Faculty Members of University of Tamil Nadu. The online questionnaires were used to collect the data in the universities among the faculty members and 200 questionnaires were distributed, 189 questionnaires were filled, and returned for usable by the participant and remaining not replied. The responses rate is 95.94.50%. The 'Female' faculty members', 3(1.59%) of them 'Fully Unaware', 6(3.17%) of them 'Slightly Aware', 18(9.52%) of them 'Somewhat Aware', 32(16.93%) of them 'Moderately Aware' and 12(6.35%) of them 'Fully Aware'. And also the faculty members have given first priority to the 'APA. 'MLA and 'Chicago' are the familiar referencing styles and the second and third preference respectively.


This paper discusses the relay protection scheme of the production management information system of Foshan Power Supply Branch, states how to handle the problems when put the relay protection expert system, calculation program of fault, calculation program of setting on the internet.


Describes the experiences of volunteering for an eight-week project in Papua New Guinea (PNG) at the Church of the Nazarene Teacher Training College Library.


Summary One-way prestack depth migration method for multicomponent data is presented here using elastic generalizedscreen propagator. The propagator stemmed from generalization of phase-screen and split-step Fourier method with the aid of pseudo-differential operator whose symbol treats the spatial and wavenumber dependencies on equal term. Unlike other dual domain one-way method, this propagator separates space and phase dependencies of the symbol for each domain and provides reduction of computation time. During diagonalizing the symbol for vector calculus, the Helmholtz decomposition on composite wavefield naturally included and this provides P- and Swave separation while extrapolation. Owing to this, our migration method uses the unseparated multicomponent data as receiver wavefields for backpropagation. These will be separated during extrapolation by Helmholtz decomposition operator implemented in the elastic generalized-screen propagator. Two numerical models are tested to validate results by generating PP and PS images from X-and Z-component wavefields.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the sources of income from the plantation sector, through policies in the form of changes in determining the amount of Tax Object Sales Value, Land and Building Tax (PBB NJOP) based on macroeconomic variables and crop productivity as well as the effect on Regional Original Income (PAD ) This paper focuses on NJOP by using primary data to analyze stakeholder perceptions and secondary data for path equation analysis. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of economic growth and population density had a significant effect on NJOP at a 95% confidence level. Partially economic growth variables and population density have a significant effect on NJOP at a 95% confidence level. The ability of economic growth variables and population density together can provide an explanation of the NJOP variation of 38.70%. Together, the variables of economic growth, population density and NJOP have a significant effect on the United Nations at a 95% confidence level. Partially economic growth, population density and NJOP have a significant effect on the United Nations at a 95% confidence level. The ability of economic growth, population density and NJOP are jointly able to provide an explanation of the UN variation of 67.20%. Simultaneously the variables of economic growth, population density, NJOP and PBB significantly affected PAD at 95% confidence level. Partially, the variables of economic growth, population density, NJOP and PBB significantly affected PAD at 95% confidence level. Variables of economic growth, population density, NJOP and PBB together are able to provide an explanation of PAD variation of 67.70%.


T HE Defense Communications System (DCS) provides strategi.c long-haul  communications for the United States Department of Defense and the Department of State, among other users. In the development of long-term planning for the DCS and its subsystems, an architecture provides a goal toward which the DCS should evolve. The evolution of an architecture is a function of various aspects of a projected systems environment, involving the world situation, national policy, threat, related systems, technology, and economics; and requirements (for example, operational and systematical). An architecture must also reflect economic constraints, which apply to any system in varying degrees. This architecture provides a necessary focus for planning and system engineering efforts based  on the projected DCS environment, requirements, and deficiencies, combined with the pertinent results of studies conducted in the Defense Communications Agency (DCA), other agencies, and contractors. The architecture emphasizes requirements, and cost minimization is a secondary objective. The description that follows presents a broad concept for an architecture for the future DCS and identifies issues that require further resolution. The architecture is distributed, decentralized, diffused, and diversified. Although it has been coordinated within the DCA, the  architecture does not represent an official Agency position. The year 2004 was selected because it is distant enough that the architecture could be relatively unconstrained by the current DCS and its ongoing programs, and yet close enough that environmental and technological projections could be made. Of course, an architecture postulated 2 2 years into the future can only be an educated guess, but it can be useful in developing closer-term architectures and guiding research and development. The underlying thrust behind the architecture of the 2004 DCS is the improvement of DCS capability to support military operations in a wartime environment. This requires providing connectivity and user services needed throughout the various stages of a conflict. Experience has shown that it  is not practical to connect every commander with all of the persons in his/her operational sphere on a continual basis with only dedicated transmission; rather, the requirement is satisfied by providing that connectivity when needed through a mixture of switched networks and dedicated circuitry. Previous technological limitations have forced the  establishment  of separate networks for different forms of communication (for example, AUTOVON for clear voice, AUTOSEVOCOM for secure voice, AUTODIN for narrative and data), and special purpose networks (SPN's) for those users who cannot be adequately served by the common switched networks. The DCS by the year 2004 can be expected to utilize digital switching and computer technology to maximize the performance of the DCS and its subordinated transmission and switching nodes by taking advantage of all available transmission and switching capability within the DCS add other systems,  tactical, allied, and commercial. During 1984-1 994, integrated transmission, switching, and technical control upgrades will be implemented to assist the operator in optimizing the performance of an individual node. Current switching and computer technology trends indicate that further integration can be achieved by the 199O's, and that this further integration would probably be beneficial to the operation and performance of the DCS. Technological trends will result not only in increased integration but also increased automation. This does not mean that the operation of the DCS will be taken over by a system of computers. I t does mean that a system of computers will assist the human operator by providing an increased knowledge of nodal and/or system status,  and the operator will have the capability to implement corrective actions automatically and remotely. The future DCS should be designed to allow fragments of a degraded DCS to operate autonomously, to make optimum use of any available equipment or circuitry or external systems (for example, the public telephone system) for restoral/reconstitution in the event of a major system destruction, to prevent the propagation of system faults, and


In this paper, a new transformerless buck–boost converter is proposed. This converter is based on combining two basic converters, including Cuk and traditional buck–boost converters, along with a voltage multiplier (VM) at the output side. The proposed semi‐quadratic buck–boost converter operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and provides two operation modes by turning the switches on and off. This converter has some merits such as a wide conversion ratio and continuous input current. The proposed converter consists of two switches with simultaneous operation resulting in simplicity in control. A modular configuration and a wide range of duty cycles are available through the proposed converter, which causes higher or lower output voltage and facilitates the converter maintenance. The calculations of the ideal and the real voltage gain, voltage stress of switches and diodes, efficiency, and design consideration of elements are given in this paper. Finally, a prototype is implemented, and experimental waveforms are obtained to prove and validate the simulation results as well as the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.


This paper reviews how an existing test platform that supports a variety of missile launcher systems; LAU 7, LAU 88, LAU 117, LAU 127, LAU 128, and LAU 129, was modified to address support for Paveway laser guided bomb kits. Specifically, support for the Paveway system required the addition of an optical test bench as well as adding additional simulation and test capabilities to accurately simulate laser targets and to measure laser detection signals. The modular design of the existing TS-217 test system afforded test engineers the ability to augment the existing test platform such that both LRU and SRU level test capabilities were part of the complete solution. Additionally, by incorporating an innovative optical bench with a solid-state target, a complete functional simulation of the weapon was achievable including testing of operational limits. The complete paper will detail the updates incorporated into the test system which were needed to provide a test solution that offers full functional verification of the weapon. Additionally, a review of the optical bench implementation will be discussed including the incorporation of a novel solid state target simulation system.


Comparison in terms of energy and cost is carried out between two different air distribution systems, namely, Variable Air Volume (VAV) and Active Chilled Beam (ACB) based on a virtual building. The cooling load calculation was performed to determine the total load demand and the system design was carried out to determine the system capacity. Energy and cost analyses were carried out to determine which system gives the better saving. From the results analysis, it shows that the ACB is more energy-saving than the VAV, especially at full load and normal part-load conditions because of the reduced AHU fan's capacity. In terms of cost, the ACB has a higher initial cost than the VAV where it is mainly contributed by the secondary chilled water pipe, heat exchanger and the beam itself. However, the operation cost is lower for ACB, and for long term use, the ACB is more cost-saving than the VAV. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Applied Energy Symposium and Forum 2018: Low carbon cities and urban energy systems, CUE2018.


This study presents a model for multi-product, multi-period production-distribution planning with revenue sharing for a two-echelon decentralized supply chain. The model incorporates a revenue sharing mechanism that is used to coordinate the two echelons and considers the distributor's ordering behavior under uncertain demands which is formulated by a single-period news-vendor problem. Since the model is a mixed-integer, nonlinear programming problem, a heuristic is proposed. The heuristic determines not only the production quantities and product flows for the supply chain network but also the wholesale prices between the two echelons. The proposed heuristic is evaluated against the optimal solution values and the computation times obtained by solving the model as a mixed-integer, nonlinear programming problem. The experiments employ the solution gap ratio and time-saving ratio to measure the solution quality and the computation efficiency for the proposed heuristic. The average solution gap was 3.564%. The maximum average time-saving ratio was 870.651 at the large supply chain environment. The results show that the proposed heuristic is effective and efficient in terms of solution quality and computation time.


We demonstrate the first smartphone-based critical angle refractometer for monitoring refractive index and Brix value in real time. The principle design of an optical coupler is based on the total internal reflection of incident light from the phone screen. The images acquired from the front-facing camera are directly analyzed on the smartphone using a custom developed application, to detect the shift of gradient peak position corresponding to the refractive index and Brix value. Calibrations are carried out using nine water-sucrose solutions providing a linear response in the refractive index range of 1.3330–1.3575 RIU (R2 = 0.9984) with the sensitivity and the resolution of 2778.1 pixel/RIU, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {3.6}\times \text {10}^{-\text {4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RIU, and a linear response in the Brix value of 0–16.25 °Brix (R2 = 0.9968) with the sensitivity and the resolution of 4.239 pixel/°Brix and 0.24 °Brix. We also successfully determined the sugar content in six fruit juices with the absolute error from standard refractometer at less than 0.21 °Brix.


In the recent article by Martin-Broto et al., the authors conclude that treatment of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in high-volume reference centers provides significantly improved outcomes compared with that in low-volume local centers [1]. The study is based on a database of 1,470 patients with sarcoma, 1,266 patients in the study period (2004–2011), of whom 622 patients with STS and complete essential data were included in the study. There are some points throughout the manuscript that have captured our attention and merit further comments. First, although described as prospective, the study shows certain results reminiscent of those from a retrospective study: It is published 14 years after the study was initiated, 7 years after the end of data collection, and 358 cases (24%) of the main registry (1,470 patients) lacked essential data. Second, 70 or more patients with STS evaluated each year was required by the authors as a criterion for a center to be considered a reference center in this study. Only two centers qualified. However, one of them is not considered a reference center in Spain. Unexpectedly, large-volume prestigious centers recently appointed as reference centers by the Spanish Health System did not meet this criterion and were included in the study as low-volume local hospitals. The 70 threshold is not justified, and it is not clear whether this was a predefined or a post hoc criterion. In addition, there is an inconsistency in the numbers. The two reference centers must have appointments with 70 new patients with STS per year from 2004 to 2011, totalling 1,120 patients with STS. But these two centers included only 285 patients (25% of their patients) in the current study whereas the 29 local centers included 337 patients in the study (1.45 patient/year). However, 1,120 + 337 = 1,457, which exceeds the 1,266 patients with sarcomas of any type reported in the general database in the study period. Third, median overall survival of metastatic patients was significantly shorter in local hospitals as compared with the two reference centers (18 months vs. 30 months, respectively; p = .036). Authors must provide data on metastasectomies of oligometastatic patients and should explain if survival of operated patients were accounted for reference centers when patients were referred from local centers. If there is not a metastasectomy bias, the 30-months median overall survival achieved in the two reference centers deserves further analysis. Indeed, it doubles the reported 14 months achieved when these patients were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy or with an anthracycline-ifosfamide combination [2], which were the standard treatments at that time (2004–2011). Finally, these results must be nuanced with the findings of a recent report fromMayo Clinic investigators [3], which shows that professionals who follow clinical guidelines achieve the same results irrespective of hospital volume when treating extra-abdominal sarcomas with curative intention.


Reform of courses arrangements in majors of higher vocational colleges is a hot point as well as tough problem.Major courses arrangements in chemical technology depends on the social demand,college stu-dents'individual development and discipline systems.On the basis of the principle of flexibility,variety and applicability.The article,combined with the teaching pratice,expounds the specific reform mode of major courses arrangements in chemical technology of our college.


In order to implement the IDE interface on the embedded system, after presenting the embedded system based on ARM920T chip, a method of designing IDE disk interface on the system is provided, and then the driver for the hard disk on linux operating system is analyzed and implemented. Finally, the hard disk could be stably and rapidly operated on the developing board based on S3C2410.


When counting isomers with a given number of atoms one usually assumes that we want to count (connected) molecules. In this note we present a method that can be used for counting disconnected structures if counts of connected structures are given. The method can be used also in the reverse direction. If the numbers of all structures are known, the number of connected structures can be readily determined.


Recently, two meta‐analyses examined the effect of antithrombin on mortality in patients with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with diverging results. In the meta‐analysis observing no significant survival effect of antithrombin, the results of a large trial were included under the assumption that all 2314 participants of the trial had sepsis and DIC, which according to post hoc analyses was not the case. To the other meta‐analysis reporting beneficial effect, the same trial contributed only those 229 patients that had confirmed sepsis‐induced DIC. Replacing the mixed sepsis patient group with and without DIC with the group of sepsis patients with confirmed DIC provides evidence for a beneficial intervention effect of antithrombin also in the meta‐analysis that reported no beneficial effect of antithrombin on mortality. This revised result does not change the overall conclusion that the quantity and quality of evidence supporting the use of antithrombin in sepsis patients with DIC is low.


Background: An inter-incisor gap <3 cm is considered critical for videolaryngoscopy. It is unknown if new generation GlideScope Spectrum™ videolaryngoscopes with low-profile hyperangulated blades might facilitate safe tracheal intubation in these patients. This prospective pilot study aims to evaluate feasibility and safety of GlideScopeTM videolaryngoscopes in severely restricted mouth opening. Methods: Feasibility study in 30 adults with inter-incisor gaps between 1.0 and 3.0 cm scheduled for ENT or maxillofacial surgery. Individuals at risk for aspiration or rapid desaturation were excluded. Results: The mean mouth opening was 2.2 ± 0.5 cm (range 1.1–3.0 cm). First attempt success rate was 90% and overall success was 100%. A glottis view grade 1 or 2a was achieved in all patients. Nasotracheal intubation was particularly difficult if Magill forceps were required (n = 4). Intubation time differed between orotracheal (n = 9; 33 (25; 39) s) and nasotracheal (n = 21; 55 (38; 94) s); p = 0.049 intubations. The airway operator's subjective ratings on visual analogue scales (0–100) revealed that tube placement was more difficult in individuals with an inter-incisor gap <2.0 cm (n = 10; 35 (29; 54)) versus ≥2.0 cm (n = 20; 20 (10; 30)), p = 0.007, while quality of glottis exposure did not differ. Conclusions: GlidescopeTM videolaryngoscopy is feasible and safe in patients with severely restricted mouth opening if given limitations are respected.


The CAR T-cell therapy CTL019 produces long-term remissions in acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.


The National Database of Nursing Quality IndicatorsTM (NDNQI®) is the only national nursing database that provides quarterly and annual reporting of structure, process, and outcome indicators to evaluate nursing care at the unit level. Linkages between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes have already been demonstrated through the use of this database. Currently over 1100 facilities in the United States contribute to this growing database which can now be used to show the economic implications of various levels of nurse staffing. The purpose of this article is to describe the work and accomplishments related to the NDNQI as researchers utilize its nursing-sensitive outcomes measures to demonstrate the value of nurses in promoting quality patient care. After reviewing the history of evaluating nursing care quality, this article will explain the purpose of the NDNQI and describe how the database has been operationalized. Accomplishments and future plans of the NDNQI will also be discussed.


—The metallographie structures of eight severely reheated ehondrites (Farmington, Ramsdorf, Orvinio, Wickenburg, Lubbock, Rose City, Arapahoe and Tadjera) have been studied by optical, scan ning electron microscope and electron microprobe techniques. Unreheated chondrites and experimen tally heat treated chondritic material have also been examined. The following metallographic characteristics can be used to estimate the post-shock residual tempera ture of reheated chondrites: melted appearance of metal—troilite. presence of martensite. P enrichment of the metal, and the averaging of central metal grain compositions. Metallographic characteristics used to estimate the cooling rates of the severely reheated chondrites are the Ni content of troilite, the Ni gradients in metal grain rims, and the presence of secondary kamacite and phosphides. Farming ton, Ramsdorf, Orvinio. Lubbock, Rose City and several of the heat treatment specimens have substan tial P in solution in the metal grains (>0.1 wtj. P enrichment is apparently caused by reduction of phosphates upon severe reheating and partial melting of metal—troilite areas in chondri tic meteorites. The eight severely reheated chondrites studied showed evidence of reheating to temperatures ranging from- .-950C to 1250T. Ramsdorf has the highest reheating temperature (l20O—l250C) and the fastest cooling rate lOOCday. Wickenberg has the lowest reheating temperature (950_l000cC) and the slowest cooling rate, I C. 100 yrs. Cooling rate estimates correspond to post-reheating burial depths of less than I to 1000 m.


The auger of type JKY-65/60 vacuum extruder is researched in the ANSYS software. Through geometric modeling, the paper analyzes the pressure distribution of mixture in extrusion, and distortion and stress distribution of auger in actual situation through finite element analysis. This provides a theoretical guidance for the improvement in the design and optimization of the screw of the vacuum-extruder.


Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is produced endogenously in response to a variety of environmental stimuli and serves as a critical signal in the processes of cell proliferation, vascularization, and inflammation. S1P elicits its effects primarily via modulation of its corresponding G protein-coupled receptors: the five sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PR1-5). This receptor family (especially S1PR1) has proven to be a particularly useful target for the treatment of autoimmune disease; fingolimod (Gilenya, Novartis) is FDA-approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and it exhibits its activity via modulation of S1PR1,3,4,5. Unfortunately, this broad activity profile also contributes to its deleterious effects, which span from reversible macular edema to potentially lethal bradycardia. The Macdonald and Lynch Labs are interested in developing a second-generation compound that more selectively modulates the S1PRs. Such a compound would be safer and more efficacious than fingolimod for treating those afflicted with RRMS or other autoimmune diseases. We sought to achieve this in two different ways: 1) through synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of rigid analogs of fingolimod and 2) through rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel compounds. The work described herein outlines present and past attempts to achieve this goal. Based upon previous work, an indane-based fingolimod rigid analog was hypothesized to exhibit more selective agonism of the S1PRs. The indane-based analog was synthesized as a racemic mixture, which demonstrated S1PR1-S1PR5 dual agonist activity in vitro and immunosuppressive activity similar to fingolimod in vivo. Though this rigid analog obtained encouraging preliminary results, it lacks therapeutic potential as a result of limitations in other chemical and biological properties. While the indane-based analog was being evaluated, the 2.8 Å resolution crystal structure of an antagonist-bound S1PR1-T4L chimeric receptor was published. This new knowledge led us to ultimately change our strategy and use computational methods to rationally design new S1PR modulators rather


STUDY QUESTION
Can the assessment of sperm vacuoles at high magnification contribute to the explanation of idiopathic infertility?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The characteristics of sperm head vacuoles (number, area, position) are no different between fertile controls and patients with unexplained infertility.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Until now, the assessment of sperm head vacuoles has been focused on a therapeutic goal in the intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) procedure, but it could be pertinent as a new diagnostic tool for the evaluation of male fertility.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This diagnostic test study with blind assessment included a population of 50 fertile men and 51 men with idiopathic infertility. They were selected from September 2011 to May 2013.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Fertile men were within couples who had a spontaneous pregnancy in the last 2 years. Infertile men were within couples who had unexplained infertility and were consulting in our centre. After analysis of conventional sperm parameters, we investigated the number, position and area of sperm head vacuoles at high magnification (×6000) with interference contrast using an image analysis software. We also carried out a nuclear status analysis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay (TUNEL), sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and aniline blue staining.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Concerning the vacuoles data, we did not find any significant difference between the two populations. We found no significant correlation between the vacuolar parameters (mean number of vacuoles, relative vacuole area and percentage of spermatozoa with large vacuoles) and either conventional semen parameters, male age or the data from the aniline blue staining, SCSA assay and TUNEL assay.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Despite the fact all of the vacuole parameters values were identical in fertile and infertile men, we cannot totally exclude that a very small cause of unexplained infertilities could be related to an excess of sperm vacuoles.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
In line with its widely debated use as a therapeutic tool, sperm vacuole assessment for diagnostic purposes does not seem useful.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
The study was funded by a grant from Association pour la Recherche sur les Traitements de la Stérilité. There are no competing interests to declare.


The author draws on the materials of the collection of arrowheads of the Late Bronze Age, found at the Elovska settlement in 1982 by V.I. Matyushenko, addresses the problem of the reliability of the presentation of excavation materials in publications. In his opinion, inaccuracies of the archaeological drawing can distort colleagues' ideas about the material complex. First of all, this applies to those who are deprived of the opportunity to personally study the finds. The way out of this can be the simultaneous publication ofboth photos and drawings of artifacts. The author also suggests considering the issue of monographic publications of excavation materials of basic archaeological sites. As an example, for the Bronze Age, these may be the settlements of Korchazhka V (Altai Territory), Elovka and Samus IV (Tomsk region), Krasnoozerka (Omsk region).


We introduce Probing Radio Intensity at high-Z from Marion (PRIZM), a new experiment designed to measure the globally averaged sky brightness, including the expected redshifted 21[Formula: see text]cm neutral hydrogen absorption feature arising from the formation of the first stars. PRIZM consists of two dual-polarization antennas operating at central frequencies of 70 and 100[Formula: see text]MHz, and the experiment is located on Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic. We describe the initial design and configuration of the PRIZM instrument that was installed in 2017, and we present preliminary data that demonstrate that Marion Island offers an exceptionally clean observing environment, with essentially no visible contamination within the FM band.


........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter I: Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................. 5 Chapter II: Literature Review ....................................................................................................................... 6 A. What is Hotel Industry? ........................................................................................................................ 6 B. Importance of Hotel Industry ................................................................................................................ 7 C. Difficulties of the Hotel Industry ........................................................................................................... 9 D. Measuring Service Quality for the Hotel Industry .............................................................................. 10 Chapter III: Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter IV: Results ..................................................................................................................................... 14 A. Secondary Data Research Kosovo .................................................................................................... 14 B. Secondary Data Research – Macedonia ............................................................................................. 18 C. Survey Results ..................................................................................................................................... 21 1) Tangibles ............................................................................................................................................. 22 2) Empathy .............................................................................................................................................. 24 3) Responsiveness .................................................................................................................................... 25 4) Assurance ............................................................................................................................................ 27 5) Reliability ............................................................................................................................................ 29 D. In-depth Interview Results .................................................................................................................. 30 i. Hotel capacities in Kosovo ................................................................................................................. 30 ii. The main challenges and problems in hotel sector in Kosovo ............................................................ 32 iii. The level of hotel sector in Kosovo compared to that of Macedonia .................................................. 33 iv. Overall quality of hotel sector in Kosovo ........................................................................................... 35 Chapter V: Recommendation ...................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter VI: Limitations and future studies ................................................................................................. 37 References ................................................................................................................................................... 38 Appendix 1: Survey Results' Graphs .......................................................................................................... 41 Appendix 3: Questionnaire ......................................................................................................................... 45 Appendix 4: Consent Form ......................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix 5: Interview Questions ............................................................................................................... 51


Interactions between the plant hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid play an important role in the regulation of plant defense responses against pathogens and insects. This work provides mechanistic insight into this hormonal crosstalk by showing that salicylic acid antagonizes jasmonic acid–dependent defenses by targeting the transcriptional activator ORA59. Antagonism between the defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) plays a central role in the modulation of the plant immune signaling network, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that suppression of the JA pathway by SA functions downstream of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Skip-Cullin-F-box complex SCFCOI1, which targets JASMONATE ZIM-domain transcriptional repressor proteins (JAZs) for proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, neither the stability nor the JA-induced degradation of JAZs was affected by SA. In silico promoter analysis of the SA/JA crosstalk transcriptome revealed that the 1-kb promoter regions of JA-responsive genes that are suppressed by SA are significantly enriched in the JA-responsive GCC-box motifs. Using GCC:GUS lines carrying four copies of the GCC-box fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene, we showed that the GCC-box motif is sufficient for SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Using plants overexpressing the GCC-box binding APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors ERF1 or ORA59, we found that SA strongly reduces the accumulation of ORA59 but not that of ERF1. Collectively, these data indicate that the SA pathway inhibits JA signaling downstream of the SCFCOI1-JAZ complex by targeting GCC-box motifs in JA-responsive promoters via a negative effect on the transcriptional activator ORA59.


The Sámi are an indigenous people residing in Sápmi, a region cutting across northern Scandinavia (Norway, Finland, Sweden) and the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia. This article tells the story of a Sámi sun symbol on a seventeen century drum, originally from Swedish Sápmi, that was registered as a trademark by a jewellery company in Norway called "Tana Gull and Sølvsmie AS" in 2009. The mark was invalidated in 2020 because, according to the Norwegian Intellectual Property Office, the registration of a religious symbol was likely to infringe on the rights of the Sámi, whose access to their own cultural and religious symbols should be protected. The basis for the decision was a public policy exception, a provision within trademark law excluding the registration of signs "contrary to morality or public policy", and allowing the law into account public opinion, public interest and human rights. Analysis of this case is used to shape the debate about the role of intellectual property law in addressing the problem of overcommercialization, for example by preventing cultural misappropriation. The authors suggest that the notion of blasphemy or religious offence through banal commercialization should be more broadly formulated in interpretation of the public policy exception in order to take account of cultural misappropriation. They also argue that protecting the public domain by preventing registration of important cultural and religious symbols is not sufficient to address the problem of cultural misappropriation in a commercial context. Positive protection through trademark registrations is just as important as their defensive protection.


The morphological and essential oil diversity of Stachys lavandulifolia populations from the west and northwest of Iran were evaluated. The results showed a significant difference between the populations for nearly all the evaluated traits. The broadest variation ranges were recorded for the auxiliary shoot length, leaf length in the main branch, and the number of flowers in the inflorescences. Furthermore, cluster analysis divided 13 populations into four separate groups. GC/MS analysis verified the presence of 28 components comprising up to 94/4% of the oils. The dominant constituents were α-pinene (1.07–34.87%), (E)-caryophyllene (0.45–25.99%), germacrene D (3.36–20.61%), Δ-cadinene (2.82–19.90%), bicyclogermacrene (1.72–12.08%) α-terpineol (0–11.86%), α-muurolol (0.31–11.50%), p-cymene (0.67–9.67%), β-elemene (0.63–9.31%), and sabinene (0.32–6.29%). The results revealed that natural habitats and the related geo-climatological cues influenced morphological traits and oil composition. Considering the substantial environmental variations and the broad diversity, there would be a rich selection pool for the traits of interest. The populations are a step forward in the breeding programs for the highlighted essential oil constituents needed by the pharmaceutical and related industries. Furthermore, with the future comparative study of the populations from all Iranian territories and the neighboring countries, we will have a realistic idea of the coming conservational and exploitation programs.


In a previous paper, mosloflavone (Ⅰ) was isolated from Mosla soochowensis Matsuda. Now another flavone, moslosooflavone (Ⅱ) was obtained from the ether extract of the plant. According to chemical and spectral data and by NOE experiment, Ⅱ was assigned as 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxy-flavone which was first found from plant origin.


In this document, we briefly review the two-electron integral algorithms based on the range-separated algorithms and Fourier transform integral algorithms that are implement ed in the PySCF package. For each integral algorithm, we estimate the upper bound of relevant integrals and derive the necessary conditions for the screening parameters, including distance cutoff and energy cutoff, to reach the desired accuracy. Our numerical tests show that the proposed integral estimators and screening parameters can effectively address the required accuracy while computational efforts are not wasted on unintended accuracy.


The static deformation electron density, Laplacian of the electron density and critical points in the electron density were analyzed in topaz Al2[SiO4]F2, using high-precision X-ray diffraction data. The electron deformation density, positive values of the Laplacian at (3,−1) bond critical points and the net atomic charges indicate a closed-shell-type interaction in the polyhedra. Anion valence-shell charge depletions are revealed. Maxima in the Laplacian of the electron density are displaced towards the close-packed plane owing to the mutual repulsion of the anion valence shells. The relationship between the topological features of the electron density and the close-packing concept is discussed. Shifts of the critical points from the internuclear vectors reflect the strain in the structure.


The paper-based guest questionnaire, also commonly known as "comment card", is an old hotel tradition that is the mainstay of guest feedback elicitation. Primarily used to measure satisfaction, the questionnaire is a faulty survey instrument that can yield inaccurate and unreliable data. The trend for e-questionnaires adoption necessitates re- evaluation of the role of the paper questionnaire in contemporary hotel management. Using a 'service innovation' approach, questionnaire functionality is explored in a way not previously considered in the hospitality management literature, namely as a vehicle and catalyst for enhanced customer satisfaction via remote service encounters. The questionnaire is appraised in terms of the antecedents and consequences of its usage. This innovative research on the main hotel business stakeholders in Asia Pacific uses both qualitative and quantitative methods such as content analysis, focus groups and in-depth interviews. This book has practical applicability and implication for customer communication in the hotel industry and the wider services industry, and extends the discourse on service encounters.


Introduction: As acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management via Telestroke (TS) increases and the inclusion criteria for tPA expands, it is crucial to evaluate the long term outcomes of patients treate...


Although high-tech industries and academics have the capability of research and development for technologies, the capability of technology commercialization is considered to be more important. If they only do R&D without commercialization, it might lead to no returns. Due to the spur of US governmental policies, research-oriented purposes in universities are switched to industrial purposes instead of science purposes. After the Bayh-Dole Act was enacted in 1980, the activities of technology transfer between academics and industries dramatically boosted. The factors, which influence the performances of technology transfer, were proposed by some pervious researches, and most of them suggested that researches expenditure, patents, and published articles carry significant weight. According to some case studies of famous journal, they pointed out that patents have no contribution. This study uses AUTM licensing survey to figure out the relationship between issued patents, published articles, and technology commercialization. The result of the study shows that published articles do have an effect, but issued patents do not make a significant effect on technology commercialization.


The aim of the paper is to discuss about the structural transformations at high-speed steel heating. Under the conditions of high-speed heating steel of posteutectoid composition realized by laser application and electron accelerator ledeburite formation that is the structure characteristic for pig iron has metallographically been revealed. Ledeburite formation in steels is conditioned by quick achievement of eutectic reaction temperature and keeping cementite areas in local fields at this temperature. It has been shown experimentally that ledeburite formation occurs at heating at the rate about 2500 degC/s in steel with windmannstet cementite structure.Using the method of mathematical simulation it has been shown that ledeburite structure theoretically cannot be obtained at heating steel with plate perlite structure thickness of which is 1-2 orders less than thickness of windmannstet cementite plates.


Fundamental work in the theory and practice of many key aspects of approximation is surveyed in this volume, based on a conference held at the Royal Military College of Science. Its emphasis is algorithmic, and both continuous and discrete approximation are addressed. Numerous contemporary aspects of the subject are treated.


Little is known about pre- and post-operative weight changes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). While intra-operative body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher risk of surgical site infections (SSI) and readmission rates post-TJA no studies evaluate the impact of non-surgical pre-operative weight loss and post-operative weight maintenance on risk of these outcomes. This study describes weight changes of patients undergoing TJA, evaluates characteristics associated with weight patterns one year pre- and post-TJA. Additionally, it evaluates whether pre-operative weight loss (5% change) and maintenance post-operatively is associated with SSI and readmission risk post-surgery. A cohort of primary TJAs (total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) performed between 01/01/2008 and 12/31 /2010 was identified using a Total Joint Replacement Registry (TJRR). Using electronic medical records weight from one year pre- through one year post-TJA patients were categorized into: gainers (increased weight by 5%), losers (decreased by 5%), remained the same (changed of _30kg/m²) patients (4066 THAs and 10718 TKAs), few (18.0% THAs and 12.4% TKAs) lost weight prior to TJA or became (6% THA, 3% TKAs) non-obese (BMI <30kg/ m²). A significant reduction in risk of SSI and readmission in those who lost 5% of their body weight prior to their TJA procedure was not observed. In obese THA patients who lose weight pre-operatively and keep it off post-operatively (N=444), the likelihood of deep SSI (odds ratio (OR)=3.77, 95% CI 1.59-8.95) is higher than in patients who stayed the same weight. Obese TKA patients who lost weight and kept it off post-operatively (N=937) were at a higher likelihood of readmission (OR=1.63, 95%CI 1.16, 2.28) than those who remained the same weight


By utilizing the author's new theory and the Green function method, the eigenvalue of energy of the stationary soliton of protein is given. The binding energy of the soliton obtained with the theory is consistent with the experimental value. By taking further into account the random thermal modulation of the soliton, the absorption coefficient due to the soliton and the temperature dependence of the absorption strength of the red-shifted line at low temperature are given, too, which are in agreement with the experiment results.


Mesoporous framework materials comprising lacunary [SiW11O39](8-) polyoxometalate clusters covalently connected by ethane-bridged silsesquioxane linkers were synthesized through a block copolymer-templated cross-linking polymerization of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in acid solution. These new hybrid materials, which exhibit a high density of catalytic sites, large pore surface and ordered pore structure, are shown to be highly effective in the photocatalytic oxidation of aryl alcohols with molecular oxygen.


— Objective: To build the quality performance index of the hotel sector in the city of Guajará-Mirim, on the border with Bolivia, based on the Varimax method. Method: The Varimax method was used as an analytical research model. The IDQSH questionnaire used is structured with 4 parameters and 15 variables. The questionnaire was applied after signing the Informed Consent Term - FICF. Data were collected from the guests of ten hotels that were randomly selected. he Sector Quality Performance Index - IDQSH was calculated following the Factor


The main objective of this study is to design a 「Evaluating system」 for choosing the correct using position which are 「Sphere」, 「Phase」and 「Character」and checking the creativity level with 「Multi-Objective Evaluating System」
The 「Multi-Objective Evaluating System」 consists of
(1) Choosing Sphere Sub-System
(2) Choosing Phase Sun-System
(3) Choosing Character Sub-System
This 「Multi-Objective Evaluating System」 has been designed by evaluating method based on 「Matrix method」and 「Progressive Evaluation through R&D System」.


The authors would like to especially recognize the work of Rebecca Morss, Julie Demuth, Jeffrey Lazo, and Betty Morrow. These scholars contributed significantly to the design and implementation of our project, and their ideas helped frame the results of this paper. Their contributions are greatly appreciated. Their complementary paper examining hurricane warning system communication, based on parallel interviews with National Weather Service forecasters, emergency managers, and broadcast meteorologists in the Miami area, can be found here:


On the basis of a case report in which a 92-year-old patient requests treatment with dental implants, the question is raised whether there is a moral justification to deny the wishes of the patient.


Identifying the sources of organic matter in terrestrial and aquatic systems can lead to a greater understanding of the organic matter cycle as well as local palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate conditions. A variety of proxies have been used to study organic matter composition, including stable isotopes (δC, δH, δO), radioactive isotopes (radiocarbon, C), and molecular proxies (e.g. lignin monomers, suberin/cutin monomers, phospholipid fatty acids, or free extractable lipids like alkanes, alcohols, and fatty acids). Commonly, most studies only investigate and interpret a limited number of molecular markers, so quantitative information is often not consistent among different molecular marker classes and joint evaluation of data is weak. Additionally, most molecular markers are ubiquitous, which is why species cannot be identified by individual markers, but by unique patterns of those markers.


A thermal efficiency improvement of the power plant does reduce the fuel costs as well as SOx, NOx and CO2 emission. In order to be used in these advanced operating conditions, the economic ferrite steels with creep resistance are required for highly stressed turbine components. In the frame of the European research activities COST 501/522, tungsten added 9 ~ 12%Cr steels have developed and used for turbine applications. This paper deals with the experiences in manufacturing and ultrasonic testing, the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the tungsten added 10%Cr steel for high and intermediate pressure(HIP) rotor forgings. The creep behaviour and fatigue crack resistance of the tungsten added 10%Cr steel were superior to those of the conventional 12%Cr steel. The microstructures responsible for superior creep rupture strength and fatigue characteristics are described and discussed in this paper.


— The oxide/Si interface properties of gate dielectric prepared by annealing N 2 O-grown oxide in an NO ambient are intensively investigated and compared to those of O 2 -grown oxide with the same annealing conditions. Hot-carrier stressings show that the former has a harder oxide/Si interface and near- interface oxide than the latter. As confirmed by SIMS analysis, this is associated with a higher nitrogen peak concentration near the oxide/Si interface and a larger total nitrogen content in the former, both arising from the initial oxidation in N 2 O instead of O 2 :


Siemens Business Accelerator (SBA),whichis founded in2002inIstanbul, isoneofthecorporate innovation management tools ofSiemens Turkeytoachieve innovative new products andsolutions through dynamicenterpreneurship and technology development potential inTurkey. SBA developed a successfull business development and cooperation modelwithTurkishstart-up companies and gathered ahugeproject evaluation andmanagement experience inTurkey. During4years, over120project applications are evaluated and10companies were/are intheBusiness Incubation programme.SBA has cooperations with universities, technoparks andothertechnology actors incountry. Therefore, thetechnology managementexperience ofSBA inTurkeyis valuable inallaspects asa casestudyinTurkey's technology andenterpreneurship environment fortheothertechnology management specialists andresearchers. Thispresentation willinclude thebusiness modelof Business Incubation ProgrammeSBA,our experiences in incubation and corporateventuring in Turkey,and furthermore, asuccessfull project ofSBA,"Siteapart", which hasbeendeveloped inSBAandisabouttoentermarketwill be presented asacasestudy toshowtheadvantages andproblems encountered intheapplication oftheincubation model. I.INTRODUCTION Inthelastcouple ofdecades entrepreneurship has prevailed asanewforce ofchange. In1990UN General Assembly withitsdecision 45/188hasinvited the governments tosupport theentrepreneurship andtoactivate thedynamism oftheprivate sector, because itisoneofthe theprimary tasks ofgovernments tocreate conditions where entrepreneurship canprosper andtechnology canbe implemented inorder toincrease thecompetitiveness. Theimportant global roleoftheentrepreneurship asa sourceofnewjobcreation andingeneral, ofeconomic growth ismoreandmorerecognized throughout theworld. Asthemultinational, global companies getleaned dueto tough competition, onebillion newjobs needed in2005areto becreated through SMEsinmajority. Although thegreater part ofthenewly created jobs areinlowtechnology services andindustry sectors, thetechnology entrepreneurship emerged asanimportant source ofnewjobcreation. Iftaken solely thenewjobcreation capacity ofthestartups arelimited butthetotal multiplying effect tobecreated inthewhole value chain andinthesociety andthehigh value addeddue technological advancement should betakenintoaccount. Entrepreneurship andinnovation processes areattheheart of thestrategies forcreation andgrowthandincrease productivity andemployment. Bothconcepts arenotonly vital fordeveloping butalso fordeveloped economies. II. INCUBATIONCONCEPT Todayincubators arethefocal point ofthedynamic trends inentrepreneurship, information technologies, venture capital andbusiness consulting. Profit oriented orforprofit incubation modelsintroduced innovation andstrategic thinking approaches inentrepreneurship presenting critical support andresources tothestartups ina competitive business environment. Thefirst incubation concepts called as theFirst Generation Incubators, havebeenobserved inthe 70'sand80'sintheformoffice space forentrepreneurs and SMEswithinnovative solutions. Inthe90'sbesides office space andinfrastructure, inthe "SecondGeneration Incubators business services and services like business andITconsulting havealso beenmade available. Withtheglobalization oftheneweconomic trends, forprofit ThirdGeneration Incubators appeared withhigh techequipped office spaces, abroadrangeofconsultancy services andseedmoneyorventure capital opportunites creating better conditions forthestartups thentheformer concepts leading tohigher survival rates. Since 70'sincubation havegonethrough upsanddowns duetothedifficulties andrisks ofserving SMEsaswellas unrealistic expectations forthereturns oninvestments. Today there exists apositive trend foralltheincubation models differing fromtheperspectives offinancing, management, mission, organization, specialization etc. Companies assessing emerging competitive conditions andapproaches intrade, investment andemployment, like informal networking, lifelong learning andtechnological entrepreneurship reconsider anddevelop incubation concepts anewactually already knownsince 30or40years andstart lauching corporate venturing activities oneafter another. Beyondoffering office spaceandbusiness services the corporate venturing modelisbased onaclose cooperation in operational, strategic andfinancial issues, especially in product development, sales andmarketing activities. InTurkey, theincubation activities arelimited tothe public activities ofthefirst orsecond generation kindand business incubators werenotexistent until thefoundation of SBA,thusmaking SBAthefirst andonlyprofit oriented incubator inTurkey based oncorporate venturing model.