The ARGO study investigated the reduced incidence of joint pain decompression sickness (DCS) encountered in microgravity as compared with an expected incidence of joint pain DCS experienced by test subjects in Earth-based laboratories (unit gravity) with similar protocols. Individuals who are decompressed from saturated conditions usually acquire joint pain DCS in the lower extremities. Our hypothesis is that the incidence of joint pain DCS can be limited by a significant reduction in the tissue gas micronuclei formed by stress-assisted nucleation. Reductions in dynamic and kinetic stresses in vivo are linked to hypokinetic and adynamic conditions of individuals in zero g. We employed the Doppler ultrasound bubble detection technique in simulated microgravity studies to determine quantitatively the degree of gas phase formation in the upper and lower extremities of test subjects during decompression. We found no evidence of right-to-left shunting through pulmonary vasculature. The volume of gas bubble following decompression was examined and compared with the number following saline contrast injection. From this, we predict a reduced incidence of DCS on orbit, although the incidence of predicted mild DCS still remains larger than that encountered on orbit.


Abstract Pharmacokinetic data obtained jointly by the drug metabolism group and the pharmaceutical chemist are essential to the selection of the proper dosage form for preclinical and Phase I studies. Subsequent biopharmaceutic studies aid in the development of alternate dosage forms and in devising suitable in vitro procedures for ensuring batch‐to‐batch reproducibility in production.


Two novel kinds of slim FBG (fiber Bragg grating) sensor devices and their application are presented, which can show the three-dimensional image of colonoscope shape on a video screen. One of the two kinds of sensor device is for gradual detection; the other is for real-time dynamic reconstruction. The sensing network device comprises a plurality of FBG sensors mounted on the body of a flexible wire. After the colonoscope is advanced in the body, the wire is pushed through the biopsy channel of the colonoscope. It bends with the curvature of the colonoscope. The FBG sensors capture deformation of the sensor wire, and reconstruct the shape of colonoscope. Experiments in the colon of a live swine have been done. Configuration of experimental system and experimental result are also given.


THE CHALLENGE: ENABLING DELIBERATION AT SCALE Humanity now finds itself faced with a range of highly complex and controversial challenges – such as climate change, the spread of disease, international security, scientific collaborations, product development, and so on that call upon us to bring together large numbers of experts and stakeholders to deliberate collectively on a global scale. Collocated meetings can however be impractically expensive and are prone to serious dysfunctions, especially at large scales. Social media such as email, blogs, wikis, chat rooms, and web forums provide unprecedented opportunities for interacting on a massive scale, but typically generate vast, poorly-organized, unsystematic and highly redundant corpuses of widely varying quality. Argumentation systems represent a promising approach for addressing these challenges, by virtue of providing a simple systematic structure that radically reduces redundancy and encourages clarity, but these have been used almost exclusively for small-scale deliberations.


A descriptive and correlation experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between nondemocratic leadership manner of managers and autonomy level of employees of teaching and training organization, Alborz, Iran. A total of 210 managers and 310 employees of primary schools were selected randomly among 467 managers and 42895 employees. Samples were selected in school unit and measured by Morgan's sample size table. Data collecting tools included Loutan's leadership style questionnaire, and autonomyquestionnaire of employees, completed by underinvestigation units. Results show that the highestautonomy(51%) detected in those of average, while high autonomywas 1.9%. There is no significant relationship between non-democratic leadership of managers and autonomyof employees. Based on the results of other investigations on autonomy, it can be said that "employee's autonomynot only provide managers with desirable leadership manners, but also depends on other factors such as organizational status, training, enabling, maturity of employees, etc. and it can be considered as a applicable method for a better understanding leadership manner of managers and autonomylevelof employees.


Voice-overs with muted images, often known as the "image bite," have become an increasingly used but understudied format of political language by the television news media. Because the media can use images to fit many contexts and purposes of commentary, the media images are susceptible to continuous de-contextualization and re-contextualization. Drawing from theories of feminist critical discourse analysis and gender performance as well as scholarship on the public/private divide, we examine the commentary of one U.S. television news organization's (NBC) re-contextualization of the same stock footage of Hillary Clinton over 10 newscasts spanning 20 months from August 1998 to June of 2000. NBC re-enforces the public/private binary in conventional masculine terms. Yet it also worked, at times, to unify the binary when covering Hillary Clinton's U.S. Senate campaign; on those occasions at least, NBC revealed the potential erosion of gender stereotypes and a small but still significant role for human agency in the study of gender ideology.


Introduction Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) have always represented a public health concern in the military, yet most studies rely on self-reports among non-random samples of military populations. In addition, most of the studies exploring STI rates among the military focus on US service members. This paper assesses the prevalence and correlates of STIs in the French military using biomarkers and compares self-reported versus diagnosed STIs. Methods Data are drawn from the COSEMIL study, a national sexual health survey conducted in the French military in 2014 and 2015. A random sample of 784 men and 141 women aged 18–57 years completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided biological samples for STI testing. We used logistic regression modeling to identify the correlates of STI diagnosis and self-reports. Results The prevalence of diagnosed STIs was 4.7% [3.8–5.9], mostly due to Chlamydia trachomatis. This rate was four times higher than the 12 months self-reported rate of 1.1% [0.6–2.3]. Reported STI rates were similar among men and women (1.1% versus 1.8%), but diagnosed STI rates were twice as high among females versus males (10.4% versus 4.1%, p = 0.007). There were significant differences in the determinants of reported versus diagnosed STIs. In particular, age and sexual orientation were associated with reported STIs, but not with diagnosed STIs. Conversely, STI counseling and depression were associated with STI diagnosis but not with STI reports. Conclusion This study underlines the need to use biomarkers in population-based surveys, given the differential and substantial underreporting of STIs. Results also highlight the need for programmatic adaptation to address gender inequalities in STI rates, by developing women's health services in the French military. Addressing such needs not only benefits women but could also serve as a strategy to reduce overall STI rates as most military women have military partners, increasing the risk of internal transmission.


. This paper describes and analyzes the Reed-Jablonowski (RJ) tropical cyclone (TC) test case used in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP2016). The intermediate complexity test case analyzes the evolution of a weak vortex into a TC in an idealized tropical environment. Simulations from 9 general circulation models (GCMs) that participated in DCMIP2016 are analyzed in this study at 50 km horizontal grid spacing, with 5 of these models also providing simulations at 25 km grid spacing for an analysis on the impact of finer grid spacing. Evolution of minimum surface pressure 5 (MSP) and maximum 1 km azimuthally averaged wind speed (MWS), the wind-pressure relationship, radial profiles of wind speed and surface pressure, and wind composites are documented for all participating GCMs at both horizontal grid spacings. While results are generally similar between all models, some GCMs reach significantly higher storm intensities than others, ultimately impacting specific characteristics of their horizontal and vertical structure. TCs simulated at 25 km grid spacings retained these differences, but reach higher intensities and are more compact than their 50 km counterparts. These results 10


IS there a sense of 'perceive' in which what is perceived need not really exist? In The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge (Ch. I) Ayer tries to show that there is; in Sense and Sensibilia (Ch. IX) Austin tries to show that there is not; and in "Senses and Sensibilia" (ANALYSIS 23.2, Dec. 1962) King-Farlow tries to show that there is a sense of 'sense' in which there is, and another sense of 'sense' in which there is not. While one of Austin's objections to Ayer is mistaken, another objection is well taken and is not only an objection to Ayer but also to KingFarlow's qualified defence of Ayer. According to Ayer, there are at least two senses of 'perceive' and other verbs of perception ('see', 'hear', 'feel', etc.). In one of these senses, what is perceived must really exist (but need not really have the qualities it appears to have); while in another sense, what is perceived need not really exist (but must really have the qualities it appears to have). The former sense is supposed to be exemplified in 'I see a star' and the latter sense in 'I see a silvery speck'. I will call the two alleged senses the 'existential' and the 'non-existential' senses respectively. Austin rightly objects to the above examples. 'I see a silvery speck' does mean that there really is a speck. But Ayer produces a different example which is "less easily dealt with". The sentence 'I perceive two pieces of paper' may seem to exemplify both senses of 'perceive'-the "existential" sense in normal cases and the "non-existential" sense in


We consider interactions between the two most important components of the atmosphere and ocean dynamics: slowly evolving vortical motion and inertia-gravity waves in rotating stratified axisymmetric flows. Any steady axisymmetric solution for a finite volume anticyclonic vortex with outcropping isopycnals is known to correspond to a set of self-similar analytical time-periodic pulson solutions assuming flows in surrounding fluid is negligible. Here we analyze the flow patterns generated in homogeneous fluid below stratified pulsating lens-like vortex and its feedback on the upper layer vortex. Resume :


In the last decade, photoacoustic techniques have been used extensively to acquire label free oxygen saturation (SO2) images of blood vessels both in vivo and ex vivo. Recent advances in photoacoustic microscopy have pushed the in vivo resolution limit of photoacoustic SO2 mapping to that of a single cell. In this work, we use a photoacoustic microscope equipped with a 0.9 GHz ultrasound transducer and a fiber coupled 532 nm Nd:YAG laser source to generate sub-cellular resolution SO2 maps of single red blood cells (RBC) ex vivo. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) within the optical fiber produces secondary peaks in the laser output spectrum, which can be isolated as discrete photoacoustic excitation sources by using optical bandpass filters. Photoacoustic images acquired at the different excitation wavelengths are co-registered, and a local SO2 map for the RBC is created. Untreated RBCs, as well as RBCs that had been chemically deoxygenated with sodium dithionite were imaged with the system. The resultant SO2 maps show a high percentage of SO2 through out the untreated cell, as well as localized pockets of both high and low SO2 in the treated cell. For the untreated cell, the mean and median SO2 values were 72 and 73%, respectively, while for the treated cell they were 56% and 57%. This multispectral PA technique has potential applications in assessing chromophore distribution and oxygen transfer kinetics at the sub-cellular level.


Recent studies show that Wi-Fi interference has been a major problem for low power urban sensing technology ZigBee networks. Existing approaches for dealing with such interferences often modify either the ZigBee nodes or Wi-Fi nodes. However, massive deployment of ZigBee nodes and uncooperative Wi-Fi users call for innovative cross-technology coexistence without intervening legacy systems. In this work, we investigate the Wi-Fi and ZigBee coexistence when ZigBee is the interested signal. Typically, the duration of transmitting a ZigBee data packet is longer than that of a Wi-Fi packet. Mitigating short duration Wi-Fi interference (called <italic>flash</italic>) in long duration ZigBee data (called <italic>smog</italic>) is challenging. To address these challenges, we propose ZIMO: a sink-based MIMO design for harmony coexistence of ZigBee and Wi-Fi networks with the goal of protecting the ZigBee data packets from being interfered by high-power cross-technology signals. The key insight is to properly exploit opportunities resulted from differences between Wi-Fi and ZigBee, and bridge the gap between interested data and cross technology signals. Also, extracting the channel coefficient of Wi-Fi and ZigBee will enhance other coexistence technologies such as TIMO <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> . We implement a prototype in GNURadio-USRP N200, and our extensive evaluations under real wireless conditions show that ZIMO can improve ZigBee network throughput up to 1.9<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yang-ieq1-2442252.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, with 1.5 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yang-ieq2-2442252.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> in media, and 1.1<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yang-ieq3-2442252.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> to 1.9<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yang-ieq4-2442252.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for Wi-Fi network as byproduct in ZigBee signal recovery.


Pitched music notes are characterized by a harmonic structure. That is, the waveform of each note is composed of a number of sinusoids with different frequencies. Among these frequencies, the lowest is called the pitch or the fundamental frequency of the note, and all the others are integer multiples of the pitch and referred to as the harmonics of the note. In this paper we propose a neural network model for pitch detection that detects the active pitches present in a music recording. The model first uses conventional convolution whose receptive field is continuous to capture local frequency patterns in the spectrogram of the recording, and then uses sparse convolution with discontinuous receptive field to capture global harmonic frequency patterns. When the MAPS dataset is used both for training and for test, the model outperforms all existing models by large margins. When the MAESTRO dataset is used for training and the MAPS dataset is used for test, the model achieves the state-of-the-art performance as well.


Feature selection on mass spectrometry (MS) data is essential for improving classification performance and biomarker discovery. The number of MS samples is typically very small compared with the high dimensionality of the samples, which makes the problem of biomarker discovery very hard. In this paper, we propose the use of genetic programming for biomarker detection and classification of MS data. The proposed approach is composed of two phases: in the first phase, feature selection and ranking are performed. In the second phase, classification is performed. The results show that the proposed method can achieve better classification performance and biomarker detection rate than the information gain- (IG) based and the RELIEF feature selection methods. Meanwhile, four classifiers, Naive Bayes, J48 decision tree, random forest and support vector machines, are also used to further test the performance of the top ranked features. The results show that the four classifiers using the top ranked features from the proposed method achieve better performance than the IG and the RELIEF methods. Furthermore, GP also outperforms a genetic algorithm approach on most of the used data sets.


The invention discloses a production process of extraction soybean peptide and isoflavone from bean sprout, comprising refining, filtering, acid precipitation, centrifugal separation for protein solution, purified water call back, decolor, desalination, call back, enzymatic hydrolysis, ion exchange, drying concentration to get soybean peptide; desalination, resin adsorption, alcohol washing, dealcoholization, drying concentration to centrifugal separated whey solution to get soybean isoflavone. The invention adopts bean sprout as raw material and percolation technique by ultrafiltration membrane, which can not only save energy and recycle waste water, but also can realize cleaner production with discharge of waste water reduced.


Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan (this issue) present an expansive vision of the future of scientific communication in psychology. In principle, I agree with much of what they suggest and find true wisdom and innovation in their approach. It is easy to look at the status quo and sigh, "There must be a better way." It takes courage, imagination, and energy to propose a new way forward. For this the authors deserve appreciation and praise. Yet, thinking about this article while lugging around a few manuscripts from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Personality and Individual Differences (JPSP:PPID) in my backpack, I found myself a bit queasy, contemplating my own apparently imminent obsolescence. This editor's accoutrement (hard copies of manuscripts and reviews; reading glasses; a stiff Americano; and, of course, a can-do attitude and open mind) feel like John Henry's hammer meeting up with the steam drill. Is the role that has occupied so much of my time and energy, and generated no small amount of professional satisfaction, about to the go the way of the dinosaur? Am I to find myself walking not so much in the footsteps of Gordon Allport (King, 2010) but those of whoever it is that runs Rotten Tomatoes? As onerous as journal editing is widely perceived, I really don't want the job of Internet message board moderator. Is my reluctance to jump with both feet into the utopia described by Nosek and Bar-Anan a product of vanity? Dissonance? Some deeply ingrained narcissistic need to edit? Simple inertia? For whatever reason, I feel compelled to pause and consider what we might be leaving behind on our journey to utopia. In this commentary, then, I expound upon the editorial role and seek to flesh out aspects of that role that influence the publication process in ways that are not given sufficient care in the target article. My point is simply that many of the changes the authors seek can be accomplished by editors within the current system. Active editors have the capacity to change the status quo in ways that authors have not acknowledged. Such efforts can improve (and have improved) scientific communication, apart from the kind of revolution the authors envision. I hope, also, to highlight that there are aspects of the editorial role that are valuable to science that would be difficult to replace and might be missed, even in utopia. Editorial Innovation


Using the data available through the Sample Registration System, the present paper employs a decomposition methodology to analyse the transition in fertility in India and in 15 of major states for the period 1985 through 2003. The analysis reveals that while the population fertility, measured in terms of the crude birth rate, declined monotonically in the country and in all states throughout the period 1985- 2003, the decrease in individual fertility, measured in terms of the annual average marital fertility rate was stalled in the country and in most of the states in the post 1995-97 period when the target free approach or the community needs assessment approach was introduced for the implementation of the National Family Welfare Programme. It has been observed that while the prevalence of contraception, the most important determinant of fertility within the institution of marriage, increased under the target free regime, nearly all the increase was confined to an increase in the prevalence of modern spacing and traditional methods of contraception. However, because of the poor efficiency and effectiveness of the modern spacing and traditional methods of contraception, increase in the contraceptive prevalence rate appears to have little impact on the fertility of married women.


In order to improve teaching quality of ornamental horticulture,taking Georgia University and Northwest Agricultural and Foresty University as objects,the difference of undergraduate curriculum teaching between China and America on teaching content,teaching style,teaching practice and course examing system were explored.The way of improving undergraduate of ornamental horticulture teaching level in China were put forward from the following aspects:integrating scientific achievements into classroom teaching,building classroom teaching model of teacher-student interaction,strengthening teaching practice and improving the curriculum evaluation system gradually.


Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in the world. It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina. The main two types of diabetic retinopathy the first are non-proliferate diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) and second are proliferate diabetes retinopathy (PDR). Images analysis by trained individuals, which can be a very costly and time consuming task due to the large diabetic population. The increasing number of DR cases world-wide. Therefore, demands to the development of an automated detection system for reduce the work load of ophthalmologists in diagnosis the disease. This research proposed is developed computer based system for the automatically detection of diabetic retinopathy in the fundus images using Support vector classification (SVM) algorithm. The proposed methodology, using DIARETDB1 in which have total 89 images, achieves an accuracy of 95.38%, sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 94.7%.


The new jewellery expression and design jewellery as image jewellery as theatre jewellery in the 1990s biographies of makers galleries and museums exhibitions publications.


The structure of 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine, C13H8NSF3, was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecule crystallizes in space group P212121, with a = 7.766(2), b = 5.957(1), and c = 23.499(5)A. The final R value is 0.073. The CSC bond angle is 102.0°, the CNC bond angle is 124.8°, and the dihedral angle between the phenylene planes is 171.2(1)°. The hydrogen atom bonded to the nitrogen atom was located; it is on the inside of the butterfly angle and the S…NH bond angle is 173.3°.


Opening lecture. Cholesterol: 80 years since St. Petersburg (P. Avogaro). Morgagni lecture. Remnant lipoprotein metabolism (S. Eisenberg). Epidemiology of the plurimetabolic syndrome. The plurimetabolic syndrome and the study of men bom in 1913, Goteborg. Sweden (B. Larsson, L. Welin, H. Eriksson). The plurimetabolic syndrome and the Paris Prospective Study (B. Balkau, M.-A. Charles, A. Fonthonne, E. Eschwege. An epidemiologic view of the plurimetabolic syndrome: The Brisighella study (G.C. Descovich, B. Benassi, V. Cancelli, S. D'Addato, G. De Simone, A. Dormi on behalf of the Brisighella Study members). Pathogenesis of the plurimetabolic syndrome. The plurimetabolic syndrome in animals: Models for experimentation, their implications and relation to NIDDM (E. Shafrir). Regulation of glucose transporter and hexokinase gene expression during development (C. Postic, A. Leturque, R. Printz, D. Granner, J. Girard). Genetics of causes and manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (C. Bouchard, L. Perusse). Fate of glucose in insulin resistant states (H. Yki-Jarvinen). The possible pathophysiology of insulin resistance syndrome (M. La Alterations of intracellular glucose metabolism in the insulin-resistant states (S. Del Prato). The role of fat distribution in the development of the plurimetabolic syndrome (B. Bjorntorp). Muscle capillarisation and morphology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (M. Krotkiewski). Microalbuminuria and the plurimetabolic syndrome. Towards understanding renal structure and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (M.W. Steffes, P. Fioretto). Microalbuminuria, elevated blood pressure and the metabolic syndrome (C.E. Mogensen, E.M. Damsgaard, N.de Fine Olivarius, A. Froland, S. Nielsen, A. Schmitz, 0. Schmitz, E. Vestho). Albuminuria and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: The role of endothelial dysfuncfion (C.D.A. Stehouwer). Microalbuminuria as a tisk factor for cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic subjects (J.S. Yudkin). Abnormalities of cation transport systems in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (R.Trevisan, M.R Cipollina, E.Duner A.Solini. M. Trevisan, I. Barzon, R. Nosadini). Impaired peripheral glucose uptake in non - insulin dependent diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria ( A. Solini, M. Sambataro, E, Brocco, M.R. Cipollina, R .Nosadini, G.Crepaldi).Liquids and plurimetabolic syndrome. Insulin resistence and dyslipidemia ( I. Zzavaroni.) Lipid and lipoprotein anomalies in non-insulin dependent diabetes ( R.W. James, M. Boemi, P.Fumelli, D. Pometta). Associations between LDL subclass phenotypes and the risk factors of the insulin resistance syndrome (M.A. Austin, J.V. Selby). The lipoprotein metabolism in the plurimetabolic syndrome (A. Zambon, J.D. Brunzell). Familial association of dyslipidemia and hypertension (R.R. Williams, P.N. Hopkins, L.L. Wu, S.C. Hunt). Lipoproteins, hypertension, microalbuminuria and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (S. Zambon, A.


Dynamic spectrum management has become a need of the hour as the licensed spectrum is getting overcrowded yet under-utilized. In wireless sensor networks the limitation of inefficiently use of the allotted bandwidth due to its burst traffic nature effect the overall throughput. Cognitive Radio based networks has emerged as a promising approach to cut down the spectral needs.In this paper, we focus on the usefulness of Cognitive Radio in burst data networks and the effect of combining Wireless Sensor Network with cognitive radio on the overall throughput of the networks.


In Chile, by application of the principle of intangibility in the reserve portion, the causant in the heritance has certain drawbacks to dispose of his property by will, using in some cases other kind of legal institutions, outside the legal act, in order to planning his succession. This subject has relevance when the causant is the owner of a Family enterprise or a Farming Production unit. This work shows the different obsta- cles that the causant of the inheritance has for dispose of the economical unit in favor of a heir, in order to keep the continuity of it, which in many cases can lead to the division of such enterprise or unit. For this reason, certain mechanisms are proposed for an adequate protection and conservation of the Family enterprise or the Farming production unit at the decease of the cau- sant, but protecting properly the rights of the heirs in their reserved portion.


This paper introduces the development and current prosperity of the branch discipline of visual anthropology and describes the status and current situation of modern visual anthropology and analyzes the rationality that the achievements of visual anthropology is viewed as texts and enjoy the same achievements, making it more basis and scientific in the selection of visual anthropology in subsequent research. This article comprehensively uses Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation system of visual anthropology, as well as put forward the basic principles of screening films using this evaluation system in subsequent studies and a simple outlook for future expansion.


The invention discloses a novel environmentally-friendly high-speed gravure printing compound ink. The ink comprises, by mass, 25-40 parts of a polyurethane resin, 10-15 parts of polyethylene vinyl acetate, 30-45 parts of an ester alcohol solvent, 0.6-1 part of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 5-15 parts of a pigment, 0.3-0.6 parts of a dispersant, 0.3-0.6 parts of polyethylene wax powder, 0.8-1.5 parts of an adhesion promoter, 0.8-1.5 parts of an antistatic agent, 5-8 parts of a delustering liquid, 1-3 parts of delustring powder and 0.3-0.6 parts of an antifoaming agent. The ink has fine and uniform fineness, can adapt to a printing speed of 300m/min, and has the advantages of excellent light stability, excellent chemical drug resistance and no yellow stains.


In underground low-pressure gas pipelines, a leak may result in a complication more dangerous and difficult to detect, known as the water ingress problem. Groundwater enters the gas pipeline through a crack, and eventually blocks the gas flow. Vibration sensors are used to detect the water ingress problem. The sensor output indicates a marked increase in the occurrence of spikes from the vibration sensor once the water ingress starts. Since the signal is not much greater in magnitude than the baseline signal it is difficult to definitively detect. The estimation error from a Kalman filter is used to detect the occurrence of water ingress and with multiple sensors even the location of the water ingress can be detected.


1. Huang ES, Basu A, O'Grady M et al. Projecting the future diabetes population size and related costs for the US. Diabetes Care 2009;32:2225–2229. 2. Sinclair AJ, Conroy SP, Bayer AJ. Impact of diabetes on physical function in older people. Diabetes Care 2008;31:233–235. 3. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower-extremity function—association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing-home admission. J Gerontol 1994;49:M85–M94. 4. Lee ET, Welty TK, Cowan LD et al. Incidence of diabetes in American Indians of three geographic areas: The Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2002;25:49–54. 5. Goins RT, Spencer SM, Roubideaux YD et al. Differences in functional disability of rural American Indian and white older adults with comorbid diabetes. Res Aging 2005;27:643–658. 6. Schiller J, Lucas J, Ward B et al. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2010 (DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2012–1580). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2012. 7. De Rekeneire N, Resnick HE, Schwartz AV et al. Diabetes is associated with subclinical functional limitation in nondisabled older individuals: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Diabetes Care 2003;26: 3257–3263. 8. Gregg EW, Mangione CM, Cauley JA et al. Diabetes and incidence of functional disability in older women. Diabetes Care 2002;25:61–67. 9. Volpato S, Blaum C, Resnick H et al. Comorbidities and impairments explaining the association between diabetes and lower extremity disability —the Women's Health and Aging Study. Diabetes Care 2002;25:678–683. 10. Bruce DG, Davis WA, Davis TM. Longitudinal predictors of reduced mobility and physical disability in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2441–2447. 11. Dolan NC, Liu K, Criqui MH et al. Peripheral artery disease, diabetes, and reduced lower extremity functioning. Diabetes Care 2002;25: 113–120. 12. Park SW, Goodpaster BH, Strotmeyer ES et al. Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1507–1512. 13. Wray LA, Ofstedal MB, Langa KM et al. The effect of diabetes on disability in middle-aged and older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60A:1206–1211. 14. Sayer AA, Dennison EM, Syddall HE et al. Type 2 diabetes, muscle strength, and impaired physical function: The tip of the iceberg? Diabetes Care 2005;28:2541–2542. 15. Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzlillo P et al. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:414–420. 16. Dam TTL, Ewing S, Ancoli-Israel S et al. Association between sleep and physical function in older men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1665–1673. 17. Mezuk B, Eaton WW, Albrecht S et al. Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2008;31:2383–2390. 18. Rader DJ. Effect of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and intra-abdominal adiposity on the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 2007;120(3 Suppl 1):S12–S18. 19. Barone MTU, Menna-Barreto L. Diabetes and sleep: A complex cause-andeffect relationship. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;91:129–137. 20. Penninx BWJH, Leveille S, Ferrucci L et al. Exploring the effect of depression on physical disability: Longitudinal evidence from the established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1346–1352.


At present era, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has become one of the severe neurologically developed disorders throughout the world and early recognition can substantially get rid of this problem. The proposed work is based on the analysis of unbalanced ASD toddler dataset from UCI data repository. The work in this paper is performed in three stages. In first stage, the original data is preprocessed through converting the categorical attributes to numeric values by the process of frequency encoding followed by standardization of numeric attributes. In the second stage, the dimension of input is reduced using Principal component analysis (PCA). At the end, the classification of ASD Toddler data is performed through different machine learning classification models in two stages viz. through training parameter ε and through k-fold cross validation (k=10). The experimentation yields very high classification performance in comparison with other state-of-art approaches.


Increasing sequences a() and b() that partition the sequence of positive integers are called complementary sequences, and equations that explicitly involve both a() and b() are called complementary equations. This article surveys several families of such equations, including b(n) = a(jn) ± r, b(n) = a(jn) + kn, b(n) = f(a(n)), and b(n) = a(b(n− 1)) + qn+ r.


Abstract The wedding business can be a lucrative market for the hotel food and beverage revenues; however, it often does not get the attention it deserves. Hotels in downtown area charge higher price than suburban hotels. Nevertheless, suburban hotels hold more weddings per year in on average. Consequently, suburban hotels have slightly more food and beverage revenue from weddings. The total benefit from weddings, however, is lower in downtown hotels. The profits of weddings are significant to food and beverage departments and they cannot disregard this segment.


An integral formulation of the theory of planar radiative heat transfer with anisotropic scattering and general boundary conditions is proposed in the paper. Explicit expressions for the relevant kernels are obtained, and the correlations between the structure of these kernels and the properties of the bounding surfaces as well as the interaction between the bounding surfaces themselves are investigated for a variety of physical situations. The lines along which exact and approximate analytical solutions can be constructed are indicated and commented upon.


The nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD-guide) is a dielectric waveguide which normally is composed of low-permittivity dielectric materials; but, if high-permittivity materials are used, then the circuit size may be reduced. However, when high-permittivity materials are used, then single-mode transmission becomes impossible and some unpredictable phenomena are observed which have never been observed in a low-permittivity waveguide.

In this paper, transmission characteristics of the high-permittivity nonradiative dielectric waveguide are studied theoretically as well as experimentally. Assuming that the presence of small air gaps between the dielectric strip and metal plates of the NRD-guide, which cannot be avoided in practice, is the origin of these phenomena, the analysis has been performed which shows that a serious effect occurs even for extremely small gaps and the bandwidth of single-mode transmission becomes very small. Ultimately, this makes the single-mode transmission impossible. The electromagnetic field distribution in the NRD-guide is also calculated and the curious phenomena are interpreted physically. Moreover, a trapped insular NRD-guide is proposed which permits single-mode transmission even if high-permittivity material is used. An experimental confirmation is made of the usefulness of this new type of NRD-guide.


The aim of this study is to screen the Cyanobacterium Spirulina for cholesterol degradation. The Spirulina culture were collected and identified based on morphological appearance. In vitro study of cholesterol degradation by Spirulina was carried out by the cultivation of Spirulina in the medium containing 0.5% of two different concentrations of blood serum cholesterol (Hypocholesterol-142 mg/dl & Hypercholesterol-280 mg/dl). The cholesterol degrading activity of Spirulina was detected by the concentration of cholesterol in the medium. It was measured by enzymatic colorimetric method at 500 nm after 5 days. The Spirulina showed better degradation (89.2%) in the medium containing blood serum cholesterol in 5 days.


This paper presents a thermo-electrical modelling approach for demand response services through Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The starting point of the approach is to gain insights on the heating and cooling energy required to keep a building at predefined temperature settings. These studies are supported by the simulation engine EnergyPlus, which is used to generate base-case (uncontrolled) consumption scenarios. Then, a number of different control actions are simulated to study how the energy demand and the indoor temperature profile of different buildings react to such control actions. In particular, the relations between user's comfort levels and temperature setting point variations and durations of the control are explored for different types of buildings. In order to move from thermal loads to electrical loads, synthetic and general models of reversible HVAC devices are developed through a so-called black-box approach, whereby input-output functions are generated to link the equipment performance to indoor and, more important, outdoor temperatures in both heating and cooling operation. A mathematical formulation of these performance functions is developed from real data available in table form from manufacturers' catalogues. A demand side management (DSM) scheduling algorithm is finally presented. It allows selection of an optimal combination of control strategies for the different devices involved in the analysis. In particular, the algorithm is able to select type, number, and duration of operation of the HVAC systems so as to maximise the sought benefits, e.g., support of system balancing task, network constraint management, and so on. This can ultimately lead to facilitate efficient integration of intermittent generation and enhance the utilization of existing network assets.


Higher education institutions across Europe are transforming, albeit reluctantly in some cases, as a result of changing state/university relationships, economic and social changes, internationalisation and globalisation. Increasingly they have been subject to the influences of marketisation and neo-liberalism. Externally universities are also now engaging with other sites of knowledge producers while internally new and diverse student groups are entering (Scott, 2005). Traditional universities are also under pressure to break down the ivory tower image and engage in partnerships with employers and local communities to the extent that according to Barnett: �Institutional boundaries become less tight as interrelationships with the wider society grow� (Barnett, 2003: 27). While some systems remain elite the system as a whole has become a mass-based one (Scott, 2001, Osborne, 2003) opening up opportunities for widening participation and access for groups who never previously entered higher education. As a result the student population has become more diverse by age, class, gender, ethnicity and disability. Higher education, therefore, has an important role to play in providing lifelong learning opportunities, including within this employability skills for the labour market.


The equipment described here generates ultrasonic shear waves using an electromagnetic-acoustic transducer. Precise measurement of the velocity of two orthogonally polarized signals determines the birefringence and allows the calculation of stress. It is necessary to account for the effect of metallurgical texture which can contribute to the birefringence and appear as moderate stress. This system sends a signal through the thickness of a railroad wheel rim, digitizes the first echo, locks onto a cycle, and calculates the time when it crosses zero amplitude. Signal averaging yields the arrival time of a signal at about 90 μs with a standard deviation of 2–4 ns. In screening the residual stress in the rims of cast-steel railroad wheels, this system has a total error of ≈±60 MPa; most of this is due to variability of the texture measured in several stress-relieved blocks cut from wheels. The initial measurements were on wheels in which the manufacture had induced known levels of thermal damage. Results from...


We appreciate the time that the reviewers spent considering our manuscript. Several of these issues will be treated in detail in our revised paper. Reviewer comments in brackets {} {: Assessing the impact of a 'generic' nuclear war or of a random terrorist strike is practically impossible, given the range of conditions under which it might arise (even more so factoring in the uncertain meteorological conditions). This paper attempts to do it anyway, and the result is numerous ad hoc assumptions which are unlikely to be realized in any particular situation. The numbers would have been much more plausible if the authors had considered a unique example in a unique location they could still have presented the technique which, given that the results themselves are not really believable, is all that this paper really offers.} One needs to recognize that


On Nov. 12, 1981, the Space Shuttle was launched for its second flight (STS-2). It carried with it the first scientific payload designed to perform remote sensing observations of the earth. During the 54 hour flight, scientific instruments from the OSTA-1 (Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications) payload gathered data over the earth's oceans and land masses, and global atmospheric data on concentrations of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. The flight demonstrated the capability of the Shuttle to serve as an orbiting platform for scientific research. Instruments were successfully developed for spaceflight for a fraction of the costs associated with instruments flown on unmanned satellite missions. Perhaps most importantly, the instruments have been successfully returned to the investigators for the first time in the history of remote sensing from space.


Modern day advancements in electrical engineering especially power generation and management has enabled the path for More Electrical Aircrafts (MEAs) and hybrid propulsion systems. The electrical power generation in aerospace system is in itself an isolated micro grid with ac and dc components operating in either series or parallel or in hybrid mode. Uninterrupted and stable operation of these systems is of utmost importance. Known stability methods based on Lyapunov are difficult to implement as generalized on-line stability assessment procedure for such complex power network. In this paper a detailed and systematic small signal stability analysis of a More Electric Aircraft electrical power generation system is presented based on the eigen value analysis. The effect of different control algorithms on the MEE/MEA power network stability is studied using the proposed method. Also, it is shown that the stability is improved by using optimal gain feed-forward information of dc-bus currents. The stability matrix for the whole operating regime is developed and the stability margin variation for different operating conditions and control variations is presented. The efficacy of the estimated stability margin for MEE/MEA power network is verified using an Opal-RT Virtual test bed for all the control configurations.


Theoretical relations between yarn-geometry and friction-unit parameters are derived. The limitations of the analysis are discussed and explanations suggested for the differences between theoretical prediction and practical observation.


Collective responses of localized surface plasmon resonances, known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in metal nanoparticle arrays, can lead to high quality factors (~100), large local-field enhancements and strong light-matter interactions. SLRs have found many applications in linear optics, but little work of the influence of SLRs on nonlinear optics has been reported. Here we show how SLRs could be utilized to enhance nonlinear optical interactions. We devote special attention to the sum-frequency, difference-frequency, and third-harmonic generation processes because of their potential for the realization of novel sources of light. We also demonstrate how such arrays could be engineered to enhance higher-order nonlinear optical interactions through cascaded nonlinear processes. In particular, we demonstrate how the efficiency of third-harmonic generation could be engineered via cascaded second-order responses.


Multiple recurrent outbreak cycles have been commonly obse rved in infectious diseases such as measles and chicken pox. This complex outbr eak dynamics in epidemiologicals is rarely captured by deterministic models. In thi s paper, we investigate a simple 2-dimensional SI epidemiological model and propose that th e coexistence of multiple attractors attributes to the complex outbreak patterns. We fir st determine the conditions on parameters for the existence of an isolated center, then pro perly perturb the model to generate Hopf bifurcation and obtain limit cycles around the ce nter. We further analytically prove that the maximum number of the coexisting limit cycles is three, and provide a corresponding set of parameters for the existence of the three l imit cycles. Simulation results demonstrate the case with the maximum coexisting attractor s, which contains one stable disease free equilibrium and two stable endemic periodic so lutions separated by one unstable periodic solution. Therefore, different disease ou tc mes can be predicted by a single nonlinear deterministic model based on different initial d ta.


MENNONITE WRITING IN CANADA HAS BEEN LEAVING ITS MARK on English-Canadian literature ever since, in the 1960s, writers representing the Mennonite community such as Rudy Wiebe decided to write in English rather than in the traditional Plautdietsch, a type of Low German, that was often still generally spoken among the members of this 'marginal' pacifist community. While the first Mennonite writers writing in English in Canada were mostly male, such as Rudy Wiebe, Armin Wiebe, and AI Reimer, by now there is also a growing group of female Mennonite writers in Canada, among them the successful novelists Sandra Birdsell and Miriam Toews and the poet and essayist Di Brandt.Mennonite writing represents a religious, ethnic (and linguistic) minority, the history of which has for centuries been characterized and unified by common reference to a distinct collective memory. It thus stands for a certain type of minority and exilic writing as well as for reliance on the concept of an 'imagined community', although - as an ethnic and religious community within the larger national community of Canadians - it is not necessarily the type of national collective that Benedict Anderson generally subsumes under this term.1Within the group of Canadian Mennonites, I am - in this context - particularly interested in the writing of individuals who are doubly marginalized in this already marginalized group, whether it be on grounds of gender, language, or ethnicity. In addition to presenting a unique historical and religious background, Mennonite writing offers a fascinating playing field of linguistic interrelationships in the trilingual and polyglot character of this community: its sixteenth-century Frisian origin reflected in the use of Plautdietsch or Low German in everyday life, its religious Anabaptist background reflected in the use of High German in church, and its twentieth-century Canadian context in the Mennonite characters' use of English with their fellow Canadians.2In the following pages, I will try to bring some of the ideas I have mentioned so far - linguistic as well as historical and literary - together and introduce a new Mennonite writer and a new aspect of Mennonite writing: Jan Guenther Braun' s lesbian Mennonite novel Somewhere Ebe, which came out in 2008 with Arbeiter Ring, a small publishing house in Winnipeg which sees its mandate as bringing out "a dynamic combination of cultural, fiction, and non-fiction titles with an emphasis on progressive political analysis of contemporary issues."3 In her novel, Braun describes the tensions that arise in her character Jess, a sixteen-year-old who, after leaving her family because she fears she cannot survive in the stifling atmosphere of her Mennonite community, later learns that coming out as a homosexual does not preclude coming home to and being accepted as a member of one's family in the end.So far, there has not been very much criticism on this novel. The book was brought to my attention by a German colleague, himself a Mennonite, and there is an interview with Jan Guenther Braun on a Christian student radio station which is available on the internet. In addition, there are some brief YouTube impressions of Braun reading from her book in a Winnipeg bookstore.Mennonite writing represents one of many types of ethnic Canadian writing among minority literatures in Canada, but its situation is somewhat special because of the Mennonites' history of pacifism and because of their historic journey from Northern Europe to East Prussia to Ukraine and Russia and then across the Atlantic to Canada, Mexico, and South America.In this kind of minority writing, new minorities come into being, as Mennonites tend to be exclusionary, barring actual or functional minorities such as women or ethnically mixed groups from full membership in the community, or, as Braun' s central character Jess Klassen puts it, "Mennonites slip into exclusionary politics with frightening ease. …


PURPOSE: A filter device for a blower is provided to enable easy replacement of a filter by simplifying the shape of a filter constraining unit and enable the filter to be firmly kept in a constrained state. CONSTITUTION: A filter device for a blower comprises a filter frame(10), a filter holder(30) and a locking unit(50). The filter frame comprises an opening(11). The filter holder is inserted into the opening. The filter holder constrains a filter (F). The locking unit fixes and releases the filter holder inserted into the opening. The filter holder comprises constraining frames(31), a binding member(33) and a contact member(35). The constraining frame supports both outer sides of the filter. The binding member binds the constraining frames. The contact member increases the contact force of the filter with the constraining frame.


Today we all live in a digital era, but many people hesitate to use online financial services for many different reasons. This reluctance results in inconvenience associated with writing and mailing checks, spending time to stop at a branch and consulting to get financial information with bankers. On the other hand, by using online financial services, people can conduct fast and convenient financial transaction activities and obtain their account information without the limitation of office hours and a need to visit an office. It is important to understand what factors affect the adoption of online financial services in order to facilitate household  and professional use of online financial services through any online gateway.


This paper proposes a single-phase seven -level hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (HCMLI) for fuel cell system, with a novel Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The proposed modulation technique employs multi carrier waveforms and a single reference sine wave was used to generate the PWM signals. A two phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) between the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the HCMLI is introduced to reduce the input current ripples and also to convert low voltage high current input into a high voltage low current output. The inverter circuit topology has been described in detail and their performance has been verified based on Total Harmonic Distortion using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


PROBLEM
Administration of IFN-gamma during pregnancy in mice is deleterious not only to fetal survival but also to maternal physiology. Thus, injection of recombinant IFN-gamma from days 6-11 of gestation results in significant increase of fetal abortion, decrease of fetal weight accompanied by morphological defects of the embryo, and induction of class II MHC antigens on the spongiotrophoblast zone of the placenta. At the maternal level, this treatment causes splenomegaly, decrease of hematocrit levels, and increase of IgG production. In an attempt to dissect out the different phenomena observed, we examined the properties of polyclonal IgG antibodies contained in the animals' serum as to their ability to recognize antigenic determinants on IFN-gamma-induced placentae and isolated trophoblasts.

METHOD
Serum from IFN-gamma-treated pregnant mice was tested in vitro for its ability to recognize specific structures on primary trophoblasts and placental sections induced by IFN-gamma. In vivo this serum was injected in pregnant mice, and the outcome of pregnancy was evaluated. Monoclonal antibodies, resulting from the fusion of spleen cells from IFN-gamma-treated pregnant mice to a myeloma cell line, were used to certify the IgG-dependent embryotoxic effects observed with the polyclonal serum.

RESULTS
It was demonstrated that both the polyclonal serum and the monoclonal antibodies recognize antigenic determinants only on the IFN-gamma-induced trophoblasts, placentae, and embryos, reduce fetal size, and cause splenomegaly in the mother, but do not affect the percentage of abortions as compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS
IFN-gamma-induces specific protein(s) on trophoblasts, which are responsible for embryotoxic antibody production in the mother. Since human abortion has been correlated with the production of embryotoxic IgG antibodies, this animal model may prove to be a useful tool in the analysis of events leading to pregnancy loss.


The research status of polymer-based pH sensor in recent years was reviewed.Polymers are widely used in most common systems for pH sensing based upon optical,amperometric,potentiometric,conductimetric devices as the sensitive layer,general matrix or transmission substrate.Some non-responsive polymer can be applied as optical fiber and fluorescent dye fixation.The principle of response for these sensitive polymers versus the pH value in aqueous solutions was especially discussed.pH sensitive polymers including polymer electrolyte,hydrogel,conductive polymer,polymer semiconductor exhibit volume,conductivity,impedance,voltage,electric current in time response sensitive to pH changes in aqueous media.Also addressed are the polymer-based pH sensors in real world applications and the future research trend.


The invention discloses a liquid making technique for manganese oxide ore, comprising the steps of: adding the manganese oxide ore powder, pyrite powder, sulfuric acid solution into a leaching vat forleaching; adding a neutralizing agent for neutralizing after reaching leaching termination; adding ammonia sulfate, potassium permanganate and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate into the neutralization liquid after filtration until the nickel is qualitatively removed; then, adding barium sulfide or adding barium sulfide into the filtrate after filtration, wherein the dosage of barium sulfide is 100-2000g/m manganese sulfate solution; adding XY-3 impurity removal agent after filtration, wherein the dosage of XY-3 impurity removal agent is 50-400g/m manganese sulfate solution, the temperatureis controlled at 30-80 DEG C, the reaction time is 0.5-3h, and the pH is 4.5-6.9; and filtrating to obtained purified manganese sulfate solution. The recovery rate of the qualified, refined and purified manganese sulfate solution is more than 90%, based on common electrolytic technique, the quality of products achieves national standard, the electrolytic yield is larger than 3kg/veneer, the powerconsumption is not more than 7500kwh/t, and the yield, cost and efficiency are all better than the traditional level of manganous carbonate production.


do continue with diagnostic cytopathology. Cervical cytology remains in the curriculum up to stage B (first and second years of histopathology training); thereafter it is an optional module. However, close reading of the curriculum reveals that trainees will still acquire basic skills in cervical cytology, and more advanced skills in the areas that non-cytology consultants might come across in their career, such as screening programmes, and histology ⁄ cytology correlation. The centralization of cervical cytology into fewer and larger centres is already under way and there is no reason to suggest that the process will do anything other than continue. This is clearly an opportunity for trainees interested in cervical cytology to be taught by consultants with a subspecialist interest, to interact with highly skilled non-medical staff, and to have access to large volumes of teaching material. Trainees already rotate during their training to access expertise and material, so why not in cervical cytology? It is in diagnostic cytopathology that the BSCC has greater concerns about quality of training, because practice seems to vary greatly from place to place. In some areas, the fine needle aspiration (FNA) service is highly valued by patients and clinicians alike, while elsewhere, services have converted to biopsy. Often the reason for this is that local pathologists lack the desire or resources to provide a cytopathology service, or have done so indecisively, so that clinicians have lost confidence. This cannot provide a good training setting. The BSCC has published a Code of Practice for FNA cytology and for exfoliative cytopathology 3,4 to try to address these issues. The RCPath tissue pathways in FNA and exfoliative cytology are complementary. Where there is a high quality service provided by consultants who have time to teach, and a service that trainees are able to access, cytopathology training will flourish. The BSCC would suggest that this is a more important focus than concerns about centralization and curriculum changes, which may be based on flawed understanding of the proposed changes to pathology training in the UK.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Gd3+ in the trichloride hexahydrates of Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb have been studied using an X-band spectrometer. The spectra in the first five hosts have been obtained only at room temperature due to unresolved spectra (increasing linewidths) at lower temperatures, while in YbCl3.6H2O host the spectrum is found to remain resolved down to 149K. The spin Hamiltonian parameters as well as the values of the angle chi 0, which the z axis makes with the a vector of the unit cell, have been determined from the data for the various hosts. These results are then combined with the published results of EPR of Gd3+ in NdCl3.6H2O, SmCl3.6H2O, EuCl3.6H2O, and YCl3.6H2O in order to study the systematics of the zero-field splitting parameters b20 and b22 in the rare-earth trichloride hexahydrate hosts. From the values of parameters in various hosts the values of parameters for Gd3+ in GdCl3.6H2O host have been derived by interpolation; in addition, the lanthanide character of the Y3+ ion is also verified. Explanation of the behaviour of observed linewidths in the various hosts is also provided.


A spectrophotometric method for the determination of titanium(Ⅲ) is described.It is based on the catalytic effect of Ti(Ⅲ) on the oxidation reaction of o-nitrophenylfluorone(o-NO2-PF) and hydrogen peroxide in 0.016 mol/L H2SO4 medium at 90 ℃.The above catalytic reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of o-NO2-PF at 550 nm after heating for 8 min.The influences of the acidity,concentration of reactants,reaction time,temperature and coexisting ions on the reaction are also discussed.The optimum conditions were established and some kinetic parameters were determined.The apparent activation energy of the catalytic reaction is 81.09 kJ/mol.The calibration curve for the recommended method is linear in the range over 08.0 μg/L for titanium(Ⅲ) and the detection limit of the method is 0.064 μg/L.The relative standard deviation for 0.2 μg/25 mL titanium(Ⅲ) is 1.86 %(n=11).In combination with solvent extraction separation,the method has been successfully applied to the determination of titanium(Ⅲ) in rock samples.The results are in good agreement with the certified values with the relative standard deviations(RSD) of 1.46 %-1.85 %.


This paper is an exploratory study on architects' attitudes towards risk and its influences on the architectural decision-making process. A classification of architects' attitude to risk-taking has been developed on the basis of Fowler's Technical Debt Quadrants. The core proposition of the paper is that the well-established concept of 'risk appetite' can be equally well applied to characterise and classify architects' attitudes towards risk. This enables the aspects of the decision-making process that are influenced by architects' attitudes towards risks to be identified, and reveals what these influences are. It has been shown that the proposed classifications reflect many real-world situations.


Hypoxia is one of the major abiotic stresses, primarily caused by numerous flooding events such as waterlogging and submergence (Zhou et al., 2020a; Xie et al., 2021), with deleterious effects on plant growth and development (Bailey-Serres et al., 2012; Voesenek and Bailey-Serres, 2015; Xie et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021). Due to the excessive water absorption, hypoxia mechanically damages seed germination, seedling establishment, and finally crop yield (Nakayama et al., 2004; Arguello et al., 2016; Yanjun et al., 2016; Striker and Colmer, 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Shen et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2021; Tian et al., 2021). Further, flooding decreases the seed quality of cotton and soybean by altering the accumulation and distribution of carbohydrates, oil, and protein (Wang et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2021). Collectively, hypoxia stress negatively regulates numerous aspects of plant development. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone that regulates plant growth and development, such as seed germination, seed dormancy, seed longevity, and seedling establishment (Zhu, 2016; Khan et al., 2020; Umashankar et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020b). It is worth noting that ABA also responds to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and water stresses (Zhu, 2016; Shu et al., 2018). ABA induces stomata formation on underwater leaves (Iida et al., 2016) and controls stomatal movement by regulating the size of guard cells, thus mediating water potential in plants (Zhu, 2016; He et al., 2018). During hypoxia stress, ABA biosynthesis is inhibited, while the catabolism cascade is enhanced, and thus, exogenous ABA can increase the tolerance of plants to hypoxia stress (Dawood et al., 2016; De Ollas et al., 2021). Under flooding conditions, pretreatment with ABA increases the abundance of protein through glycolysis, fermentation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), thereby enhancing hypoxic properties and improving survival rate in soybean (Komatsu et al., 2013; Yin et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018). Moreover, the application of ABA positively regulates the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and chlorophyll content of rice under flooding (Saha et al., 2021). However, these reports did not provide a detailed molecular mechanism of hormone regulation under hypoxia. Therefore, considering the response of ABA to hypoxia stress, we need to understand the detailedmolecularmechanisms, especially the underlying mechanisms of ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction under hypoxia stress. Here, this opinion intends to highlight some critical unanswered questions, which need to be addressed in future exploration.


AI promises significant social and economic benefits. However, those benefits can be diminished by poor regulations, especially those related to data processing, as data lies at the heart of AI. In particular, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), while establishing a needed EU-wide privacy framework, will unfortunately inhibit the development and use of AI in Europe, putting firms in the EU at a competitive disadvantage to their North American and Asian competitors. The GDPR's requirement for organizations to obtain user consent to process data, while perhaps being viable, yet expensive, for the Internet economy, and a growing drag on the data-driven economy, will prove exceptionally detrimental to the emerging algorithmic economy.


The Multi-Level Inverters (MLI) is an essential part of all electrical and electronics device. Most of the electrical equipment's in our country are run on 50Hz A.C. supply, in this proposed work present a modified hybrid casecade 27 level multilevel inverter for 3 phase A.C. supply. IN the last there are different researchers work on different level MLI inverter such as 7 level, 9 level, 11 level, up to 35 level and got good total harmonic reduction (THD). In this presented proposed Modified Hybrid Case Cade 27 Level Multi Level Inverter obtain good THD value at 27 level 1.82 that is better as compare to other methods. The proposed Modified Hybrid Case Cade 27 Level Multi Level Inverter shows better due to its logical switching pulse. There pulse are use relational operator for comparing waves. For the analysis and performance measurement of proposed MLI apply load that is three-phase asynchronous machine, also known as induction machine at receiver end and got good result in terms of machine's speed and second one is electromagnetic torque developed by the machine. The proposed method good result output of induction motor.


Immiscible displacement of a non-wetting fluid by a wetting fluid is important for many fields for example, biomedical devices, paper micro-fluidics, oil reservoirs and water aquifers. In a multi-layered porous medium the displacement velocity and relative position of the layers with respect to each other is significant in determining the flow paths of the fluids. Earlier studies on two-layered porous medium indicate presence of different flow regimes in every layer depending upon the velocity. However, the effect of relative positioning of these layers in different flow regimes is still unknown. In the present work we experimentally show that at low velocity, a capillary regime is developed i.e. the wetting fluid front leads in the least permeable layer, while at high velocity the wetting fluid front leads in the highest permeability layer. At all flow rates, the least permeable layer is found to draw fluid from the high permeability layer due to capillary suction. We also show the effect of relative placement of the layers on the interphase dynamics.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Santos, Cipolla-Neto, Krohn, Gonçalves and Quintela. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Crossing brain barriers in health and disease: Impact of circadian rhythms


In this paper the various techniques adopted in the culture of eels (Anguilla Spp.) and the results obtained
in the experimental culture of the short-finned eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland in running water
and in recalculating running water have been dealt with. Experimental culture of the eel, A. bicolor bicolor
in running water was conducted during 1974-76 at the Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research
Institute, Mandapam Camp.


Sublethal dose effect of imidacloprid on green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) was investigated. Nymphs of green peach aphid newly produced were counted on 4 days after sub-lethal dose treatment of imidacloprid. Numbers of nymph were not significantly different between treatment and untreated control. Their numbers of nymph were 8.8 and 12.7 at and untreated control, respectively. When they were tented at , and . their numbers of newly produced nymph were 6.0, 5.1 and 3.9 and reduction rates were 52.7%, 59.8% and 69.3% at each treatment compare to untreated control. Reduction rates of newly laid nymph were proportional to the concentrations of imidacloprid treated. Repellent effect of aphid to imidacloprid was bigger in dipping than in watering method. Secretion amount had negative correlation with imidacloprid concentration in dipping method and suppression of secretion went up to 96%. In watering method, amount of secretion did not show any difference between insecticide concentration, but suppression, compared to untreated control, was over 97%.


We propose a self-consistant approach to the treatment of nuclear matter as a crystal of solitons in the Wigner-Seitz approximation. Specifically, we use a Bloch-like boundary condition on the quarks at the edge of a spherical cell which allows the dispersion relation for a given radius to be calculated self-consistently along with the meson fields; in previous work some ansatz for the dispersion relation has always been an input. Results in all models are very sensitive to the form of the dispersion relation, so our approach represents a significant advance. We apply the method to both the Friedberg Lee model and the chiral quark-meson model of Birse and Banerjee. Only the latter shows short range repulsion; in the former the transition to a quark plasma occurs at unrealistically low densities.


The purpose of this study is to investigate on usage of korean determiners in the corpus. Firstly, I analyzed the frequency in use of the determiners. Determiners such as '그, 이, 한' are appeared the most frequently. Otherwise these determiners have different combination constraints with the nominals. According to combination constraints, determiners are divided in five constraint types as following: Determiners combining with (1) 'common noun/proper noun/bound noun'('보통명사/고유명사/의존명사' 수식 관형사: 새, 옛, 그깟...), (2) 'common noun/proper noun'('보통명사/의존명사' 수식 관형사: 대, 본, 온...), (3) 'common noun/bound noun'('보통명사/의존명사'수식 관형사: 헛, 어느, 웬, 온갖, 갖은... / 여러, 한, 두, 세, 네, 스무, 반... / 첫째, 둘째...), (4) 'common noun.('보통명사' 수식 관형사 : 순, 장, 주, 정, 동, 모...), (5) 'proper noun'('고유명사' 수식 관형사 : 성, 고). I analyzed the combination constraints of the determiners and the nominals concretely, based on the language corpus. And I will also test the possibility of the application of my findings to the description of Korean Dictionary, the Korean Language Education for foreigners, and etc. I expect that the results of this study might be applied to the Korean Language Education for foreigners, the description of Korean dictionary, and NLP(natural language process) etc.


Cross-border flow of knowledge is fraught with many challenges. The complexity associated with the organization of multinational corporations (MNCs) and the information asymmetry in foreign locations pose particular challenges to knowledge flow. Yet, effective transfer of knowledge is critical for the survival and performance of MNCs. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we present a comprehensive framework to understand the difficulties in the smooth flow of knowledge in MNCs. We argue that knowledge flow in MNCs is affected by the nature and characteristics of the knowledge as well as the interaction between individual actor-specific, firm-specific and country-specific factors. We discuss these factors in the backdrop of two factors that affect the knowledge flows – MNC strategy and the knowledge transfer context. We present our theoretical model and discuss the implications for advancing research in this domain.


Ecolinguistics has been the research interest for many linguists in recent years. However, ecolinguitic researches in Indonesia are still concerned on examining the lexicon in one particular field. For this reason, this study aims to examine the lexicon treasures found in tourism area of Sanur. This is chosen as the object of this research as the tourism area is most at risk of being exposed to globalization due to tourism developments. The flow of globalization due to the development of information technology and tourism can change behavior, social attitudes or social life of the society, and the biological environment of the area as well. Based on the research results, it was found that the lexicons used by the Sanur community are not only lexicons that have a physical form or an activity, but there are also some lexicons that only refer to the concept (abstract) without finding the objects or physical activities referred to by these lexicons. The people of Sanur also feel that in the early development of tourism in the area there was still a balance between the environment and the needs of tourism.


ABSTRACT High-frequency coastal radars (HFRs) have proved to be excellent tools for monitoring coastal circulation, providing synoptic, high spatial and temporal resolution surface current data in real time. They may also give detailed information on the surface wave field of coastal areas. An HFR has been operating in the Gulf of Naples (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) since 2004. In this paper we show the results of their utilisation in the study of the Gulf dynamics and sea state, with a focus on potential applications in the context of operational oceanography.


Cape gooseberry growers association (ASOPROCIEN) has been created in Cienega – Boyaca with fifty members. All fruit is sent to Andes Export Company without a postharvest handling and 20% of the production is returned to ASOPROCIEN because of the fruit cracking. A marmalade production line is being proposed during this study under a sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis, in order to obtain an innocuous product and in this way, take advantages of the production which is not freshly commercialized.


This study assessed the pesticidal activities of Phytolacca dodecandra extracts in controlling Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum pests in stored maize grains. The study was conducted at ambient conditions (25–30°C and 65–70% relative humidity) and designed in a completely randomised design with 8 treatments in triplicate. Contact toxicity, percent mortality, feeding deterrence and grains weight loss were assessed using developed procedures for 21 days and first filial generation progeny was assessed for 42 days of post-pest introduction. Both ethanolic root and leaf extracts of P. dodecandra demonstrated significant bioactivities against both S. zeamais and T. castaneum, with the leaf extract being more active than the root extracts. P. dodecandra leaf extracts killed 98% of S. zeamais and 99% of T. castaneum at concentration of 150 mg/mL on day 3. Similarly, P. dodecandra leaf extracts reduced grain damage to 0% and had moderate repellence of 57% and 66% to S. zeamais and T. castaneum, respectively. Hence, after biosafety studies this plant-based products can be included in the Integrated Pest Management strategies and can be recommended as an alternative remedy in treating maize storage pests in subsistence agriculture. Further isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive ingredients in the plant species are recommended and are underway.


This article begins with the affirmation that the man is a «zoom politikon» and from there makes a comparative analysis of the Greek democratic experience and the liberal democratic experience; it also analyzes the conflictive implications the ambiguity and ambivalence of the usage of the language in the political actions. Finally, it proposes some basic criteria to understand the political issues and the politics in globalization times to re construct the praxis-morality of the rationality in the current society.


The 5-HT4 receptor is a seven transmembrane spanning, G-protein coupled receptor, that, in all tissues studied to date, positively couples to adenylate cyclase. The receptor exists in two isoforms (5-HT4S and 5-HT4L), that differ in their distribution in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Pharmacologically, the 5-HT4 receptor is defined by several selective agonists and antagonists, some with good bioavailability in a number of species. Selective radioligands are now available for the receptor and these have facilitated the mapping of 5-HT4 distribution in the brain. Based upon the anatomical location and activity of selective ligands in animal models, emerging data suggest that 5-HT4 receptors play a role in learning and memory formation. In the periphery, several lines of evidence indicate that the receptor modulates gastrointestinal motility and secretion, increases heart rate, enhances steroid secretion from the adrenal gland and augments bladder emptying. A number of 5-HT4 receptor agonists...


The kinetics of the atrazine oxidation in aqueous solution by ozone was studied under different initial pH conditions and in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger at pH 2.8. It was verified that the process took place mainly through radical reaction, even in acid medium. Therefore, a relatively high value of 26.4 L/(mol.s) for the rate constant of the direct reaction between molecular ozone and atrazine was found. After 10 minutes of oxidation, the degradation of the herbicide was more effective for pH 10.30 than for pHs 6.25 and 2.80. The mass transfer of ozone from the gas phase to the liquid phase was strongly affected by the oxygen flowrate and to a lesser extent by the stirring speed.


Drawing upon interviews of 183 people who have survived accidental residential fires, this study adopted the basic concepts (human, agent, environment) of the Haddon Matrix to organize factors associated with survived accidental residential fires where there was no fire death or serious injury with extended hospitalization involved. Human activities during a fire were also identified, including how people first alerted to the presence of a fire and how they attempted to extinguish a fire. Electrical failure and unattended cooking were found to be the leading causes of survived fires. Kitchens and bedrooms were reported as the main rooms of fire origin. The study revealed four important new findings. These new findings are: 1) people's knowledge of fire safety and awareness of unsafe fire behaviours was extremely limited; 2) an overwhelming majority of hosts had previous fire experiences at the time of the survey; 3) risk factors that are documented elsewhere to be highly related to fire fatalities were found not to be closely related to survived fires, such as alcohol, drugs, smoking, and being asleep; and 4) the majority of hosts took proactive actions when facing a fire, such as calling fire brigade, attempting to extinguish a fire, and trying to alert others. The Haddon Matrix was found to be a useful tool for organizing a wide range of relevant accidental residential fire variables, with the current paper presenting important new information about the frequencies of such variables where no fire death or serious injury has occurred.


A 27-year-old man with a background of alcohol excess presented to the surgical assessment unit (SAU) with abdominal pain. On clinical examination, he was tender in his epigastric and left-upper quadrant. The blood results of note were a white cell count of 21×109/L, C reactive protein 332 mg/L and amylase 812 U/L. He deteriorated quite quickly on the SAU with agitation, type 1 respiratory failure and hypotension. He required intubation and ventilation, and to be started on vasopressors. A CT of his abdomen and pelvis showed features in keeping with necrotising pancreatitis with a collection in the lesser sac (figure 1). He was managed conservatively in the intensive care unit with vasopressors, intravenous fluids, nasogastric feeds and antimicrobials.

Figure 1
CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showing features of necrotising pancreatitis.

On day 2, he developed increasing abdominal distension. His intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured via his urinary catheter and was found to be 13 mmHg. A diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) secondary to acute pancreatitis was made. …


example, Weber identifies within formal rational law the types of features – including the need for predictability and stability – that Christophers highlights as being critical to the levelling function of the law vis-à-vis capitalism. At one stage, he speaks of 'the competition-law worldview and ... its calculative and legislative practice' (p. 103), calculability being one of the key characteristics identified by Weber in his analysis of the type of legal system required by economic agents. Thus, while Christophers' conceptual understanding of A/C and IP law, and their dialectical relation, is grounded in Marx, for this reviewer his rich, nuanced historical analysis in Part II of the book owes at least as much, if not more, to Weber's sociology of law and its intricate, wide-ranging explanation of the relationship between law and capitalism. A final observation relates to the faith that the argument can sometimes be seen to place in the remedial functions of the law (at one point, Christophers says that 'law once again came to the rescue'; p. 196). Law, in Christophers' narrative, is characterised as a solver of problems, tackling crises in capitalism by reining in excessive competition/ monopoly via the deployment of IP or A/C law. Law's function is to restore balance between the two – to level, in Christophers' phrase. But what of law's possible role in the production of the crises Christophers argues it is designed to tackle? If an excess of, say, monopoly power ultimately results from a situation in which IP law has been applied to redress excessive competition, to what extent might the law itself be complicit in creating capitalist crises or imbalances in the monopoly–competition dialectic? Thus, is law's role in this context solely to be equated with the great leveller; or does the inextricable, reciprocal link between law and political economy that Christophers advocates potentially result in law operating to create the very imbalances in the monopoly–competition dialectic that it seeks to redress? The foregoing observations are simply that and do not detract in any way from what is a very interesting, impeccably researched, and important book that makes a significant contribution – both theoretically and empirically – to the literature on law's relationship to capitalism.


Six species of felids are distributed across Mexico and all are affected to a greater or lesser extent by the national highway network (377,660 km in length), but the magnitude of its impact on these species is unknown. Part of the issue is the scarce information available spread across the scientific literature, mammal collections records, environmental consultancies, and the local press. This work compiled the information available on road-killed felids in Mexico and organizes it systematically to identify potential data trends. We conducted a systematic search for records of verified felid roadkill events across Mexico reported in the scientific literature, mammal collections, online news and emails addressed to mammal -- particularly wild cat -- management/conservation specialists. First, felid roadkill records were entered and classified according to origin, i.e. source of information, and then classified according to the state where the event occurred. This information was used to explore the potential correlation between felid roadkill frequency and road density per state. Roadkill events were reported for all felid species, with a total of 115 records in 25 states: Herpailurus yagouaroundi, 21; Leopardus pardalis, 20; L. wiedii, 11; Lynx rufus, 50; Puma concolor, 5; and Panthera onca, 8. Most of the information came from mammal collections (40 records), followed by personal communications (25), and publications in local media (19), citizen science websites (10), peer-reviewed journals (9), non-governmental organizations (7), and government agencies (5). We found a significant correlation between road density and number of roadkill events recorded per state. Road density alone is insufficient to explain some geographic bias in felid roadkill data, which might instead be related to the appeal of a species, and to being recorded by people (scientists or otherwise) interested in this issue in a particular location. Acknowledging road mortality as an issue for felids in our country might contribute to identify and apply methods to improve data collection (citizen science) to develop preventive measures in our highways (wildlife crossing structures), particularly in wildlife high-risk areas.


Civil engineering lecturers need to develop effective early emphasis and educational challenges in order to prepare the current students with in-depth fundamental principles, applicable technical knowledge, and realistic appreciation on challenges faced by practicing civil engineers. In view of its importance, the use of past civil engineering projects as case studies have been integrated into the existing civil engineering curriculum at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus. In order to enhance our undergraduate students' understanding, cognitive learning desire, and overall learning experience, an additional module has been incorporated in the past five years to investigate major past civil engineering projects. Students are free to choose any of past projects as their case studies and are required to find, sort, synthesize, and present critical elements that contributed to the overall success of the past projects in the form of discussion essays. In this paper, the universal consensus between the lecturers and the students on the effectiveness of past civil engineering projects as case studies to enhance students' lifelong learning desire and aspiration towards ethical practice are investigated. The lecturers' and students' views on the extent of coverage of the key elements and the preferred disciplines from the past projects are furthermore evaluated. The outcomes indicate that the use of past projects as case studies enhanced students' educational experiences that conduce for cognitive learning desires (73% of lecturers & 81% of students), motivated for future ethical practice (82% of lecturers & 86% of students), and reassured aspiration (100% of lecturers & 97% of students) in becoming practicing civil engineers upon graduation. A common view derives from this study is that the curriculum needs to further its extent of coverage on the industry practices.


Audio-visual language is a core curriculum of digital media technology major. It is not a genuine language since it is composed of lights and sounds, namely audio-visual images instead of words or symbols. But the practice of this course is lack. The traditional theory way of teaching, has been far from meeting the needs of the whole teaching system. In our paper, we propose a new innovation of audio-visual language course which teach the students to grasp the theory knowledge and practice, more direct combination of theory and practice, finally master the audio-visual language of curriculum knowledge. The result showed that the using of new teaching method and curriculum are effective in audio-visual language teaching.


A satellite communication system is provided with: a communication station (4) that comprises an allocation request generation unit (42) that generates a line allocation request for requesting the allocation of a satellite communication line (2) with a partner communication station (4), a control communication unit (41) that uses a satellite control line (3) to transmit the line allocation request, and a satellite line communication unit (43) that communicates using the satellite communication line (2) that is allocated in response to the line allocation request; a plurality of terrestrial stations (5) that comprise a satellite system reception unit (52) that uses the satellite control line (3) to receive the line allocation request from the communication station (4) and a terrestrial system transmission unit (51) that uses a terrestrial network (6) to transmit the line allocation request that is received by the satellite system reception unit (52); and a line control device (7) that comprises a line control communication unit (71) that determines whether the line allocation requests that are received from the plurality of terrestrial stations (5) by the terrestrial network (6) are the same and a satellite communication line allocation unit (72) that allocates one satellite communicate line (2) in response to line allocation requests that are determined to be the same.


In the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) of non-linear system, the mathematical model and the noise statistics are essential; this limitation was settled by adaptive algorithm. The adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and adaptive unscented filter (AUKF) were proposed to solve the filtering problem of the system with unknown mathematical model or noise statistics in information fusion. The simulation result shows that the adaptive algorithm in EKF and UKF can improve the performance of filter and decrease the computing time.