According to the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (Schacter & Addis, 2007), both remembered past and imagined future events rely heavily on episodic memory. An alternative hypothesis is that observed similarities between remembering and imagining reflect the influence of broader factors such as descriptive ability, narrative style, or inhibitory control. We attempted to distinguish between these 2 hypotheses by examining the impact of an episodic specificity induction on memory, imagination, and picture description in young and older adults. In Experiment 1, participants received the specificity induction or a control induction prior to the memory, imagination, and description tasks. Older adults provided fewer internal (i.e., episodic) and more external (i.e., semantic) details than young adults across the 3 tasks irrespective of induction. Critically, however, the specificity induction selectively increased internal but not external details for memory and imagination in both age groups compared with the control induction. By contrast, the induction did not affect internal (or external) details for picture description. Experiment 2 replicated these results in young adults using a different control induction. Our findings point to a dissociation between episodic processes involved in memory and imagination and nonepisodic processes involved in picture description.


BACKGROUND
This study compared the efficacies of two methods of teaching breast cancer screening to primary care trainees.

METHODS
Fifty-one nurse-practitioner students were assigned by class section and 47 medical residents by practice site to receive a lecture-demonstration class or individual/small-group instruction from a standardized patient. Prior to instruction and one year later, participants took a written test to assess knowledge and standardized patients evaluated their skills.

RESULTS
Overall, the participants improved their breast cancer screening skills.

CONCLUSION
The standardized patient teaching method was of greater benefit to the nurse-practitioner students.


From the perspective of sustainable development of the mining industry,the role of corporate culture is clarified in this paper.We point out some of the problems that existed in the process of mining enterprise culture construction in the past,and give the ideas and methods of building new corporate culture of mining enterprises in the context of the scientific development.In the end,we come up with some ways to build a new mining enterprise culture in the context of scientific concept of development,such as shaping the core spirit of enterprise,emphasizing enterprises humanistic culture,focusing on quality culture,building brand,strengthening construction safety culture,improving the capability of technological innovation.


As global population grows and modernizes, demand for mineral resources is expanding (Kesler, 2007). At the same time, existing orebodies are being exhausted, while the frequency of new discoveries of exposed or partially exposed deposits diminishes. Demand for mineral resources must therefore be met through the discovery and development of buried or concealed mineral deposits. Although mineral resource extraction supported the core of the Canadian economy for more than a century—currently contributing $56 billion to Canada's GDP and providing 19% of its goods exports (The Mining Association of Canada, 2018)—its ability to do so relies on continued discovery of mineral deposits that may be concealed by overburden. Finding these mineral deposits beneath exotic overburden consisting of glacial and preglacial sediments remains a fundamental and widespread challenge to mineral exploration in Canada (Anderson et al., 2012; Ferbey et al., 2014).


Seed persistence is a trait that is difficult to observe or measure and, consequently has remained 34 conceptually obscure for 40 years since Grubb's influential description of the regeneration niche. 35 Seed persistence is the ability of seeds to persist in a viable state post-dispersal and is relevant 36 to current research in plant community dynamics and conservation. However, categorisations of 37 seed persistence as transient, short-term or long-term persistent do not acknowledge the variation 38 in persistence times as a result of deterministic processes and are difficult to apply in a predictive 39 capacity. Consequently, a more robust understanding of seed persistence is needed in niche 40 descriptions that are temporally explicit and in predicting the distributional changes of species in 41 the current and future climate. We surmise an alternative to the categorizations of seed 42 persistence on the basis of seed bank type and argue that it is best expressed as a continuous 43 variable. We review the methods available for estimating seed persistence in situ and provide a 44 number of testable hypotheses to contribute to the development of this important research topic. 45 We maintain that seed persistence has not been incorporated adequately into niche theory and 46 highlight that it can make several contributions including properly defining metapopulation niche, 47 population growth definition. This holistic approach by integrating seed persistence into niche 48 theory would allow us to better predict the survival of plants in a changing environment. 49 estimated persistence ability of seeds for various purposes, not limited to, but including ecological restoration, community ecology, threatened plant conservation, species distribution and 476 community co-existence, weed management, seed pathogens effect, seed loss via soil erosion, 477 responses to changes in flooding and the impacts of subterranean animals on soil seed banks. 478


Summary form only given. Due to the commercialization of the Internet its traffic as well as content being transmitted requires suitable mechanisms, which enable a service provider to charge for the traffic or content. This tutorial provides an overview of the key aspects, technology, and related work being essential for an effective and efficient approach to account for respective data, which may be used for the charging process. This includes on the technology side a discussion of accounting systems as well as on the economic side an overview of applicable pricing schemes. The problem of single- and multi-provider scenarios is addressed and an outlook on future areas of research and interest given.


A method and apparatus for wireless multi-hop relay network resources scheduled for the mobile terminal under the jurisdiction of a relay station. The mobile terminal detects the signal quality of a downlink signal from the network device. If the signal quality satisfies the predetermined condition, the mobile terminal transmits a first notification message to the network device. Free radio resources based on the total amount of network resources to the dominant wireless device and the total amount of idle dominated relay station, the network device is assigned resources for the mobile terminal. If the signal quality does not satisfy a predetermined condition, the mobile terminal transmits a second notification message to the network device. Network device based on the dominant wireless relay station resource, the relay station notifies its dominant use of radio resources allocated resources for the mobile terminal.


In analogy with Moore's founding question to metaethics, the central problem of a metatheory of meaning is the meaning of 'meaning'. In answering the latter question, Gibbard's Meaning and Normativ-ity retains far-reaching Moorean ambitions about the main semantic concept: it applies classical metaethical arguments, strategies and distinctions to reach inviting, non-naturalistic conclusions about the concept of meaning. At the outset, Gibbard interprets the normativity of meaning in two senses. On the weak reading, 'means' implies 'ought', understood in a Moorean, non-naturalistic sense. On the strong reading, however, any 'means' entails 'ought' and the concept of meaning can be fully defined in normative and naturalistic terms. After the introductory chapter, outlining the main concepts and aims of the project, Chapters 2 and 3 go on to discuss the weak normativity thesis. The starting point is Kripke's classic work on Wittgenstein, which is interpreted as defending the thesis. As often discussed in the literature, in arriving at his non-naturalistic conclusion, Kripke attacks a rather weak dispositional account. However, if Gibbard is right, Kripke could have taken a different route by both keeping the weak normativity thesis and retaining a naturalistic, dispositional account of meaning. To this extent, Gibbard proposes more refined dispositional theories of the solipsistic and communitarian type: the former claims that meaning is entirely in the head, whereas the latter contends that it is in part inherent in the community. The key to reconciling dispositional accounts and the weak nor-mativity thesis is to distinguish between properties and concepts. Like Moore, Gibbard locates normative dimension in the latter: while both the brain property and the community property are natural , the concept of meaning is normative. No contradiction arises, for the former tells us something about the world, the latter about our thinking about the world. The two dispositional views are substantive theories of meaning and disagree about the correct naturalistic rendering of the meaning


While recognizing human actions and surrounding scenes addresses different aspects of video understanding, they have strong correlations that can be used to complement the singular information of each other. In this paper, we propose an approach for joint action and scene recognition that is formulated in an end-to-end learning framework based on temporal attention techniques and the fusion of them. By applying temporal attention modules to the generic feature network, action and scene features are extracted efficiently, and then they are composed to a single feature vector through the proposed fusion module. Our experiments on the CoVieW18 dataset show that our model is able to detect temporal attention with only weak supervision, and remarkably improves multi-task action and scene classification accuracies.


The direct methods origin-free modulus sum function [Rius (1993). Acta Cryst. A49, 406–409] includes in its definition the structure factor G( ) of the squared crystal structure expressed in terms of , the set of ' phases of the normalized structure factors E's of the crystal structure of unit-cell volume V. Here the simpler sum function variant SP = P H E H R V P, ( )exp(i2 Hr) dV extended over all H reflections is introduced which involves no G's and in which the P, function corresponds to P = FT 1{(EH hEi)exp[i'H( )]} (where FT = Fourier transform) with all values smaller than = 2.5 P equated to zero ( 2 P is the variance of P calculable from the experimental intensities). The new phase estimates are obtained by Fourier transforming P, . This iterative phasing method ( recycling) only requires calculation of Fourier transforms at two stages. Since M ' P/2, similar arguments are valid for M = FT [(EH hEi)exp(i'H)] from which the corresponding SM phasing function follows.


Boardman and Hart (1965) reported no response to indomethacin in four females with gout, but the two females in the group under study responded in a manner quite indistinguishable from that of the males-again the difference in response may be one of dosage. It would seem that the higher the dosage used the more rapid the response and the greater the proportion of patients responding. The factors limiting dosage then become the cost and the incidence of side-effects. Reports of the use of indomethacin in other joint diseases (Hart and Boardman, 1965; Smyth, 1965) have included a high incidence of headache, giddiness, nausea, or vomiting. The incidence seemed to depend largely upon the daily dose of indomethacin administered, ranging from 30 to 80% with daily doses of 100 to 200 mg. This trial has therefore been unusual for the low incidence of side-effects found. Boardman and Hart (1965), using doses which sometimes reached 600 mg. daily, found a 30% incidence of side-effects in their gouty patients ; they also commented that these were not severe. Their lower dosage was therefore not associated with any reduction in the incidence of side-effects, though they thought that sideeffects were less severe in younger patients. It seems possible that patients with acute gout, who are relatively young and otherwise healthy, may be more tolerant of the side-effects of indomethacin than patients suffering from a chronic debilitating disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Summary


Objective: To observe the effect of electro-scalp acupuncture on glucose metabolism of cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy people. Methods: A total of 6 cases of volunteer healthy subjects (3 males and 3 females) ranging in age from 22 to 36 years were subjected to this study. Changes of cerebral glucose metabolism before and after electro-scalp acupuncture were observed by using positron emission tomography (PET) and semi-quantifying analysis method. Electro-scalp acupuncture stimulation (50 Hz, 2 mA) of Middle Line of Vertex (Ding zhongxian,顶中线,MS5), Middle Line of Forehead (Ezhongxian, 额中线,MS1) and bilateral Lateral Line 1 of Forehead (Epangyixian,额旁一线,MS2) was administered for 30 minutes. Then cerebral regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen and their average glucose metabolism levels (radioactivity of 18 fluorine deoxyglucose) were analyzed. Results: After administration of electro-scalp acupuncture, the glucose metabolism levels in bilateral frontal lobes and bilateral caudate nuclei, left cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum increased significantly in comparison with those of pre stimulation (P0.05). Conclusion: Electro-scalp acupuncture of MSI, MS2 and MS5 can increase the glucose metabolism of certain cerebral regions involving mental activity in healthy subjects.


In this paper, lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, PZT) thin films were fabricated on 8-inch multilayer substrates (Buffer/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si) via RF magnetron sputtering. We investigate the impact of varied Ar/O2 flow ratios on the residual stress and the surface morphology in PZT thin films. The experimental results show that the average residual stress in PZT thin films first increases and then decreases as the Ar/O2 flow ratio decreases. Under the sputtering atmosphere with an Ar/O2 flow ratio of 2.5:0.13, the Ra surface roughness of the PZT thin films reaches the optimum value of 5.55nm. Moreover, the average residual stress and residual stress standard deviation of PZT thin films are 23.39MPa and 0.71MPa, respectively, which indicates that the films have a more uniform residual stress distribution. This is of great reference significance for optimizing the residual stress of PZT thin films and improving the electrical properties of thin films.


Jointing of titanium alloy and stainless steel is very often in the fields like aviation,chemical plants etc.The combination of materials has the advantages of both titanium alloy and stainless steel and will reduce the consumption of titanium resource.The phase transformation diffusion bonding of TA17 titanium alloy to 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel are carried out on Gleeble-1500D.The effcet of maximum thermal cycle temperature,the tensile strength,the fracture surface and microstruture of the joints are investigated.The results show that TiFe and TiFe_(2) intermetallics and some solid solutions are formed along the interface,when maximum thermal cycle temperature increase,the area proportion of intermetallics in the fracture surface increase,which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the transition joints.


Use of a visible laser in an Aminco "Rotochem" centrifugal analyzer enables light-scattering measurements to be made with this instrument. The modification is technically simple, inexpensive, and requires no fundamental changes in basic instrument design. The laser-modified analyzer has been applied to the measurement of IgG in serum. A two-point kinetic analysis is used to quantitate IgG from a standard curve: protein concentration vs. change in intensity of the scattered light during a fixed time interval. Fourteen 20-µl samples can be simultaneously determined in 1.9 min. No sample blank corrections are required. Within-run precision studies, based in each case on 56 replicate measurements, yielded coefficients of variation of 3.8% and 4.8% for normal and abnormal pools, respectively.


This work was to evaluate the effects of different forage levels in the diet on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for maintenance and weight gain, and the requirements of ME, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and metabolizable protein (MP). Forty-four pure Holstein bulls calves, 60 days old with initial average live weight (LW) of 78 kg were used. Eight reference animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the feeding trial. The remaining 36 animals were allotted in the treatments in a complete randomized experimental design, in four groups of nine animals, in function of forage levels in the diet: 10, 25, 40 and 55%, on the DM basis, using chopped coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon) grass, ground corn and soybean meal, which constitute diets with approximately 16% CP. Five animals from each treatment were slaughtered with 190 + 10 kg LW and four with 300 + 10 kg LW. The net energy (NE) contents of rations and the efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance and weight gain were calculated. The efficiencies of ME for weight gain were estimated by regression analysis, between net energy for weight gain in function of dietary ME. The daily requirements of ME, TDN and MP were estimated. ME requirements for 1 kg of empty body weight (EBW) gain increased with the EBW of the animals. The efficiency of EM utilization for weight gain were estimated as: .45, .40, .40 and .39, respectively for EM concentrations of 2.98, 2.76, 2.64, and 2.53 Mcal/kg of DM, obtained for the diets with 10, 25, 40, and 55 % of forage in the diets. The mean requirements of ME and TDN for animals with 100, 200 and 300 kg LW were 10.06, 14.45, and 18.12 Mcal/day and of 2.79, 4.00 and 5.02 kg/day, respectively. The efficiency of ME utilization for weight gain was greater for diets with low levels of forage.


Objective To study the function and expression of TR6 in breast cancer and its clinicopathological significance. Methods The protective effect of proliferation in breast cancer cell line MDA435 was studied by Elisa-like and 3H-TdR incorporation methods. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect TR6 expression in 29 cases of breast carcer, 20 cases of the cancer metastases in lymphnode and 4 cases of breast benign lesion. Western blot was used to detect TR6 expression in 5 cases of breast cancer with available fresh tissue and breast cancer cell lines ML-20 and MDA435. Then the relationship between expression and clinicopathological features was analysed. Results Addition of Fas-L and TR6 had enhanced effect on proliferation of breast cancer cell line, while using TR6 antibody to neutralize TR6, the effect of proliferation was decreased. Immunohistochemistry showed that benign breast lesions did not express TR6 (0/4), and the expression of TR6 was detected in 18 in 29 cases (62%) of primary breast cancer, in which primary breast cancer without lymph node metastasis expressed TR6 in 4/9 (44%) cases, and that with lymph nodes metastasis in 14/20 (70%); and TR6 expression was detected in 16/20 cases (80%) of metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion TR6 has significantly enhanced effect on proliferation of MDA435 breast cancer cells line. One of the main mechanism may be that TR6 blocks the Fas-L-induced apoptosis. In comparison with benign lesion, there is more expression in primary and especially in metastasis of breast cancer tissue. TR6 may be a new target for early diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer.


It has been argued that concepts of independence and care are often interpreted differently and more restrictively for older adults. Services are typically more concerned with issues of safety than with enabling participation or inclusion. Whilst the rhetoric of housing and care for older adults tends to be underpinned by ideas about independence, privacy, dignity and choice, there appears to be a paradox between these concepts and the goals of regulatory policy with its emphasis on safety, performance, and monitoring. Care homes exemplify this paradox where an imperative for 'homely values' contrasts with the application of safety regulation designed to protect people 'at work' from harm. This study offers a new and original qualitative data set providing an empirically grounded and context based understanding of how important social and regulatory policy has been translated into local policy, applied by staff and ultimately experienced by residents. The research design comprises qualitative semi-structured interviews, observation and the evaluation of documentary sources positioned within an eight care home case study framework. The primary sources of data are care home inspection reports and semi-structured qualitative interviews with residents, staff and home managers. The analytical framework includes thematic analysis within a system oriented Grid and Group typology designed to elucidate how the different case study homes apply regulation, interpret risk, and subsequently how this shapes participant experience.


(1) It shall be the duty— (a) of the Secretary of State as respects every maintained school; (b) of every local education authority as respects every school maintained by them; and (c) of every governing body or head teacher of a maintained school as respects that school; to exercise their functions (including, in particular, the functions conferred on them by this Chapter with respect to religious education, religious worship and the National Curriculum) with a view to securing that the curriculum for the school satisfies the requirements of this section.


Abstract Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are one of the most important ectoparasites of many kinds of terrestrial vertebrates. Between September 2019 and June 2021, we captured a total of 99 wild mammals belonging to 22 species, 14 genera, nine families, and four orders in order to investigate the presence of tick infestations from 14 different locations of 10 provinces in Turkey. Overall, 351 ticks (181 larvae, 156 nymphs, 6 females, and 8 males) were collected from 46 out of 99 wild mammalian species. Ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi (5 males), Haemaphysalis parva Neumann (3 nymphs), Hyalomma marginatum gr. (16 nymphs), Ixodes kaiseri Arthur (1 nymph), Ixodes redikorzevi Olenev (167 larvae, 128 nymphs, and 2 females), Ixodes ricinus (L.) (12 larvae, 1 nymph, and 1 male), Ixodes trianguliceps Birula (2 larvae, and 4 nymphs), and Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev (3 nymphs, 4 females, and 2 males). Of which, I. trianguliceps was reported in Turkey for the first time. Furthermore, we reported many new tick-host associations for Turkey.


The aim of the LE- PAROLE project for what concerns its corpus activity, was to produce an initial set of publicly accessible/available harmonised corpora for the main European languages. The corpora produced for each language are made up of 20 million words. They will become the nucleus of reference corpora for their languages since they are intended to provide full information about a large variety of text types in the language. The design and composition of these monolingual corpora comply with some general demands: Harmonization; Reuse of existing resources; Composition of the corpora; Reusability; Encoding; Morphosyntactic tagging. Each partner of the project had the possibility to design, mark up and tag the corpus using its own software package, considering that the compatibility and interchangeability of the various corpora is ensured by the adoption of common criteria for composition, encoding and linguistic tagging.


His chief work was in connection with nerve action. Since Galvani's time, it was known that the nerve impulse was electrical in nature. Loewi, however, demonstrated that chemical phenomena were also involved. In 1921, working with nerves attached to frog's heart, he showed that chemical substances were set free, when the nerve was stimulated. The fluid containing the substance could be used to stimulate another heart directly, without nerve activity. It is said, that the idea for the experiment occurred to him at 3 a.m. on two successive nights. The first night, he wrote it down and went back to sleep. In the morning, he could not read what he had written. The second night, he went straight to the laboratory and got to work. By 5 a.m., he had established the point. Loewi called the substance he had discovered, vagusstoff (vagus material), because he had obtained it by stimulating vagus nerve. Dale soon showed the material to be acetylcholine and as a result, the two of them shared the 1936 Nobel Prize, for Medicine and Physiology.


One of the unsolved problems of the young scientific field cultural geography is the development of of integral cultural and geographical zoning technique. The article presents an overview of zoning methods developed in different sub-disciplines of cultural geography. Particular attention is paid to the schemes of historical and ethnographical, cultural landscape and historical-geographical zoning of Russia. It is necessary to mention that existed zoning schemes of Russia do not fully reflect all the achievements in the framework of this research direction. The purpose of this article is to provide a new approach to cultural-geographical zoning, followed by its approbation at Russia. A new approach to zoning involves, on the one hand, taking into account principles and methods of zoning used in traditional sub-disciplines of cultural geography, and on the other hand, is based on the results of a new technique testing for identifying the virtual (mental) regions of Russia. We can identify seven major cultural and geographical districts in Russia: North Russia, Central Russia, South Russia, the Urals, Siberia, North, South (Russian) Far East and Siberia. Every major cultural and geographical district of the country is divided into several sub-districts, including ethnic territories, roughly corresponding to the historical and ethnographic regions. There are allocated 25 subdistricts as parts of the major cultural and geographical regions of Russia.


Bending the benefits of polyunsaturates We have often heard that it is beneficial to eat polyunsaturated fatty acids. We also know that some organelles such as synaptic vesicles are extremely rich in polyunsaturated lipids. However, what polyunsaturated lipids do in our body is unclear. Using cell biology, biochemical reconstitutions, and molecular dynamics, Pinot et al. show that polyunsaturated phospholipids can change the response of membranes to proteins involved in membrane curvature sensing, membrane shaping, and membrane fission. Polyunsaturated phospholipids make the plasma membrane more amenable to deformation; facilitate endocytosis; and, in reconstitution experiments, increased membrane fission by the dynamin-endophilin complex. Science, this issue p. 693 Certain membrane lipids adapt their conformation to membrane curvature, facilitating membrane deformation and fission. Phospholipids (PLs) with polyunsaturated acyl chains are extremely abundant in a few specialized cellular organelles such as synaptic vesicles and photoreceptor discs, but their effect on membrane properties is poorly understood. Here, we found that polyunsaturated PLs increased the ability of dynamin and endophilin to deform and vesiculate synthetic membranes. When cells incorporated polyunsaturated fatty acids into PLs, the plasma membrane became more amenable to deformation by a pulling force and the rate of endocytosis was accelerated, in particular, under conditions in which cholesterol was limiting. Molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical measurements indicated that polyunsaturated PLs adapted their conformation to membrane curvature. Thus, by reducing the energetic cost of membrane bending and fission, polyunsaturated PLs may help to support rapid endocytosis.


Purpose: The action taken is that lending and borrowing are not accompanied by the existence of an item that the debtor guarantees. However, in reality, in banking, there is a provision of a facility from the bank for its customers who do not lend to the debtor without including a guarantee.Methodology: The research method conducted by the author is normative research. The formulation of the problems that will be discussed includes 1. What is the responsibility of the PPAT towards the cover note stating that the Mortgage will be installed? 2. What is the creditor's position in bankruptcy because the mortgage right is not installed by the PPAT? The responsibility of a PPAT for a cover note that has stated the installation of mortgage rights is a criminal responsibility in which the right leads to individual responsibility.Findings: There is an imposition of sanctions either dishonorably dismissed or imposition of an institution for an action carried out by the PPAT and the existence of civil responsibility that provides direction in compensating creditors with the loss of the certificate of ownership.Implication: Judging from the position of a creditor in bankruptcy because the mortgage right is not installed by the PPAT, it is a creditor's position in the event of bankruptcy if it is based on the position of creditors with an equal or equal position. The granting of equal rights from the results of a bankrupt boedel execution has been adjusted to the amount of each bill.


Face detection is important in the field of computer vision. It is widely used in many applications such as security control, human system interaction, interactive games and intelligent user interface. Face detection is one of the major problem in areas such as cluttered scenes, color variation and illumination variation. To overcome this several existing techniques have been used. Recently a new technique introduced is the hybrid feature extraction using the combination of several local transform features including local binary pattern that are robust to illumination changes and local gradient pattern that are robust to intensity changes. This hybridization improves the detection performance and provides accurate face detection even under any uncontrolled illumination variation .This literature survey discusses all the existing methods available for face detection.


The aim of this paper is to construct a full spread  K of length 17 such that  ( V , G , K ) F 2 is a Baer triple of type 2, where G isomorphic to 2^2 .


Edestus is a Middle Pennsylvanian chondrichthyan possessing symphyseal tooth whorls in both the upper and lower jaws. The curvature of the tooth whorls prevents most of the crowns of the opposing whorls from occluding with each other. For that reason, it has recently been hypothesized that the tooth whorls were used to slash prey with a vertical motion of the anterior part of the body, not to cut prey caught between them. A tooth of Edestus minor having a truncated, smoothly worn apex has been reported previously. Here, a partial tooth whorl of a different species, Edestus heinrichi, is described. The apices of the crowns are worn, so that the crown heights are reduced by about one third. The more labial (older) of the two preserved crowns shows more wear than the more lingual (younger) one. In contrast to the previously reported E. minor tooth, wear is observed to the serrations as well as to the apices of the crowns. The observed wear on both the E. minor tooth and on the E. heinrichi tooth whorl supports the recent hypothesis on the function of the tooth whorls. In both cases, the apices might have been abraded by attempted predation on or scavenging of large fish having skin covered with denticles or scales.


The invention provides a mobile terminal intelligent upgrade method and device, and electronic equipment. The mobile terminal intelligent upgrade method includes: acquiring a current version identity corresponding to an application program of a mobile terminal; determining a latest version identity corresponding to the application program of a server; judging whether the current version identity is identical to the latest version identity or not; if not, acquiring an application program corresponding to the latest version identity of the server; sending the application program corresponding to the latest version identity to the mobile terminal. Due to the fact that the current version identity of the application program of the mobile terminal is judged whether to be identical to the latest version identity of the application program of the server and the application program corresponding to the latest version identity is determined whether or not to be sent to the mobile terminal according to a judging result, the application program of the mobile terminal can be automatically upgraded, operation steps for users to update application software are reduced, users' time is saved, and operating experience of the users is improved.


Background Community screening to guide preventive interventions for acute aortic disease has been recommended in high‐risk individuals. We sought to prospectively assess risk factors in the general population for aortic dissection (AD) and severe aneurysmal disease in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Methods and Results We studied the incidence of AD and ruptured or surgically treated aneurysms in the abdominal (AAA) or thoracic aorta (TAA) in 30 412 individuals without diagnosis of aortic disease at baseline from a contemporary, prospective cohort of middle‐aged individuals, the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. During up to 20 years of follow‐up (median 16 years), the incidence rate per 100 000 patient‐years at risk was 15 (95% CI 11.7 to 18.9) for AD, 27 (95% CI 22.5 to 32.1) for AAA, and 9 (95% CI 6.8 to 12.6) for TAA. The acute and in‐hospital mortality was 39% for AD, 34% for ruptured AAA, and 41% for ruptured TAA. Hypertension was present in 86% of individuals who subsequently developed AD, was strongly associated with incident AD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.64, 95% CI 1.33 to 5.25), and conferred a population‐attributable risk of 54%. Hypertension was also a risk factor for AAA with a smaller effect. Smoking (HR 5.07, 95% CI 3.52 to 7.29) and high apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.73 to 3.54) were strongly associated with AAA and conferred a population‐attributable risk of 47% and 25%, respectively. Smoking was also a risk factor for AD and TAA with smaller effects. Conclusions This large prospective study identified distinct risk factor profiles for different aortic diseases in the general population. Hypertension accounted for more than half of the population risk for AD, and smoking for half of the population risk of AAA.


multiple systemic symptoms, constellation of ambiguous GI complaints, fever, neurologic deficits and renal failure. As well as the mentioned symptoms, unexpected atypical symptoms related to small vessel occlusion could be complicated. In this case, multifocal cerebral infarction and non-territorial cardiac ischemia was noted. Surgery-related TTP is not common and needed to differentiate from surgery-related complications. We reported orthopedic surgery-related clinical vignette of TTP treated by plasmapheresis and the related literature would be reviewed.


Abstract This paper describes a simple method for residue analysis of oxolinic acid and flumequine in fish tissues by HPLC and fluorometric detection. The quinolones were extracted with ethyl acetate, purified with hexane and then analyzed using a RP-8 Lichrosorb reversed phase column. The method was validated with satisfying results. The high sensitivity of the fluorometric detection allowed to reach a quantification limit of 2 μg oxolinic acid and 5 μg flumequine/kg fish tissue and an absolute detection limit of 20 pg and 50 pg respectively. Medicated fish as well as commercial cultured fish samples were analyzed with the described method. Oxolinic acid and flumequine were detected in both of them.


In visual recognition, sub-categorization has been proposed to deal with large intraclass variance of samples in a category. Instead of learning a single classifier for each category, discriminant sub-categorization approaches divide a category into several subcategories and simultaneously train classifiers for each sub-category. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for discriminative sub-categorization. Our method jointly trains the exemplar classifier for each positive sample to address the intra-variance of a category and exploits the low rank structure to preserve common information while discovering sub-categories. We formulate the problem as a convex objective function and introduce an efficient solver based on alternating direction method of multipliers. Comprehensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in both sub-category discovery and visual recognition.


Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has received wide attention in the past several years as one of the next generation RTK technologies. PPP can offer great flexibility and cost-saving to field positioning work as it can eliminates the need to deploy base stations. Centimetre to decimetre accurate positioning accuracy has been widely demonstrated for PPP using a dual-frequency GPS receiver. The requirement of a dual-frequency GPS receiver in PPP is for the elimination of the ionospheric effect, currently the largest error source in GPS measurements. Considering the fact that the majority of GPS receivers in use are single-frequency type, it is beneficial to investigate methods and algorithms for PPP using only a single-frequency GPS receiver. The emergence of precise ionospheric products has also pushed for research work on this direction. The major objective of this paper is to describe the development of a real-time single-frequency PPP system and test results under road and marine conditions. The paper will begin with an outline of the real-time singlefrequency PPP system including the observation and positioning models and error mitigation strategies which are essential to achieve the best position accuracy possible. Due to significant horizontal gradients in ionospheric densities, ionospheric gradient has been taken into account in the position determination and can be estimated in addition to zenith ionospheric parameters. Road testing of the real-time single-frequency PPP system has been conducted to assess its performance. The road environments include signal attention, blockage as well as multipath which represent real application environments. The marine tests were conducted independently by a third party under operational conditions. Both test results have demonstrated decimetre to sub-metre accuracy which is very encouraging since so far only accuracy at sub-metre to several metres has been demonstrated for point positioning using a single-frequency GPS receiver.


Given $r$-uniform hypergraphs $G$ and $H$ the Turan number $\rm ex(G, H)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free subgraph of $G$. We study the typical value of $\rm ex(G, H)$ when $G=G_{n,p}^{(r)}$, the Erdős-Renyi random $r$-uniform hypergraph, and $H=C_{2\ell}^{(r)}$, the $r$-uniform linear cycle of length $2\ell$. The case of graphs ($r=2$) is a longstanding open problem that has been investigated by many researchers. We determine $\rm ex(G_{n,p}^{(r)}, C_{2\ell}^{(r)})$ up to polylogarithmic factors for all but a small interval of values of $p=p(n)$ whose length decreases as $\ell$ grows.
Our main technical contribution is a balanced supersaturation result for linear even cycles which improves upon previous such results by Ferber-Mckinley-Samotij and Balogh-Narayanan-Skokan. The novelty is that the supersaturation result depends on the codegree of some pairs of vertices in the underlying hypergraph. This approach could be used to prove similar results for other hypergraphs $H$.


Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) is an innovative technique which permits the rapid and reliable procurement of pure cell populations from heterogeneous tissue sections. After LCM, RNA isolated from pure cell populations was amplified to generate adequate amounts of antisense RNA (aRNA) for hybridization, and the differential gene expression profiles were analyzed between two experimental groups.


A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the release of molten solder from a module via the introduction of acoustic pressure waves to the module and/or molten solder wave. The acoustic pressure waves may be created by a transducer where the waves are transferred to the module and/or solder wave through the air or reduced oxygen atmosphere. The acoustic pressure waves impinge on the molten solder and the module to reduce solder skips, bridges and icicles. The acoustic pressure waves are directed at the module/molten solder boundary to apply pressure to the boundary causing a shearing action. The shearing action causes the excess molten solder to fall, with the aid of gravity, into the molten solder bath.


Translating Cultures: Which strategies for the translation of untranslatable terms in African literary works?
Among the problems that surface in the field of translation, untranslatability is one of the most acrimonious to deal with. It is not only a question of terms that are not translated, but of terms that are retranslated over time, and which divide authors and translators. Sometimes, this leads to the omission of important terms that convey messages which are keys to the understanding of the works. We notice the plurality of African works aiming to defend their language-cultures and whose authors adopt a heterolingual language composed of their native languages and Western languages. This creates untranslatable terms that challenge the most skilled translator. Since these languages are not standard languages, many questions arise, such as whether all the untranslatable terms are rendered in the target language? If not, how do translators handle these untranslatable terms? Are there specific approaches to render them? These are the different questions we will address in our article. First, we will present the different cases of untranslatable terms in African literary works. After, we will talk about the cultural wealth they represent. Finally, we will propose some translation approaches that would make it possible to translate cultures without obstructing the knowledge they contain.


This article is one of a series on the UK monetary policy process. It discusses how the assessment of money and credit data fits into the Bank's quarterly forecast round.


This paper summarizes the algorithm of water-simulation based on the sinusoidal waves and in-troduces the usage of GPU programming for real-time water simulation and rendering.This method pro-vides programmatic properties and powerful computing power.In addition,it can draw a third dimension of water and meet the speed requirements for real-time shade.


Cardiovascular disease is the highest rate of mortality in the world; Self-care behaviors in patients with chronic diseases, is critical im- portance to improve patient quality of life. The aim of this study determined self-care behavior and associated with social support and quality of life between the sample of cardiovascular patients in Ekbatan hospital in Hamadan County, the west of Iran. This cross- sectional study was conducted between 326 cardiovascular patients. Data collections based on interview and were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using bivariate correlations, t-test, and One-way ANOVA statistical tests at 95% significant level. Our result showed the main score of self-care behavior was 33.41 (SD: 8.57). We found the correlation between sex, education, and cardiothoracic surgery with self- care behavior among the participants (P<0.05). Take medication as prescribed, and rest during the day were more self-care behavior adherence. Our findings indicated the self-care behavior among cardiovascular patients was low it is necessary to attention this issue in patient's education program.


Selecting world natural heritage site, Golden Lake in Taining County, Fujian Province, both the world geological parks and national AAAAA grade scenic spot, as a typical sample, the author adopts principal component analysis (PCA) in analyzing water quality changes in Ganlu Temple section, and then establishes mathematical model to measure the tourism capacity within the environmental limits of acceptable change (LAC). The results show that as World Heritage Site, Golden Lake water quality the tourism activities should be controlled below 294,160 passengers per yearis required to meet National Standard of Surface Water Environment Quality Class II and even Class I, therefore, the maximum tourism capacity should be limited below 294,160 passengers per year. However, tourism activities of 500-600 thousand people each year over last few years have produced great pollution into the lake and has seriously affected the water quality. In order to construct a virtuous cycle of scenic tourism destinations and effective use of tourism resources, the management should pay more attention to the main pollutant of NH 3 -N, COD Mn , and fecal coliform, take measures to control pollution.


School Operational Assistance (BOS) is a government program to provide funds for non-personnel education units, primary and secondary costs as a means of implementing the 9-year compulsory education program. BOS funds are intended to alleviate all forms of education costs for all students. BOS management is currently still using a manual system, and thats no exception at Al Hasanain Beraim Vocational School. This manual management errors and hassle because the BOS revision must go to the Education Office.
Information System (SI) the management of BOS funds was built to facilitate schools. This SI contains an activity plan submission and a one-year budget, and a general cash book for BOS funds that is carried out every semester. This system is built using by PHP language and MySQL database the system development life cycle (SDLC) development method.
This information system can help the school in the process of planning school fund activities (RKAS) every year and preparation of real funds in the form of general cash books (BKU), makes it an easier for administrators to check operational of school assistance funds that have been budgeted for the country's financial statements that produce data accurate and complete and timely.


Ongoing gradual uplift of the Pacific watershed of Peru results in water table subsidence. As a mechanical consequence, the form and use of embankment-bound fields evolve through a series of distinct stages. Conflicting interpretations arise as a consequence of different investigators having addressed field structures in different stages of evolution.


Evaluating performance of a measurement method is essential in metrology. Concepts of repeatability and reproducibility are introduced in ISO 5725 series including experiments (usually collaborative studies) to obtain these precision measures. ISO 5725 series mainly describes managerial part on how to run an experiment, but there is only a little guidance on statistical aspects of the experimental design. In such an experiment, accuracy of these precision measures is important, and the experimenter should be aware of biases and precisions of these precision measures. The objective of such an experiment is not limited to simply estimate the precision measures but to obtain these measures with intended accuracy. This paper proposed how to design a measurement precision experiment from statistical point of view. This paper first investigated the bias and precision of the precision measures based on their distributions and then proposed how to design an experiment with the desired accuracy.


ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of investor trading behavior and investor sentiment on futures market return. We find that the spot investor trading behavior, futures investor trading behavior, spot market sentiment, and futures market sentiment all have positive effects on daily futures returns in Chinese financial market. More importantly, we show that the effect of (spot) futures investor trading behavior has better explanatory power than (spot) futures market sentiment on futures returns. Further supporting our results, high investor trading behavior and high investor sentiment strengthen the positive relation between sentiment-returns and behavior-returns.


A mathematical, 2-sex, stable-population model that treats sex and age simultaneously was developed. The birth function is expressed in the form of an integral formula which when solved yields the intrinsic growth rate. Some of the concepts involved include the intrinsic sex ratio, the intrinsic age-specific birthrates, and the gross and net reproduction rates for both sexes. The new model demonstrates that both sexes can coexist in a stable population, whereas in the 1-sex model the intrinsic rates are internally inconsistent in regard to sex. 7 forms of the model are discussed and applied to data for the United States from 1963.


In order to increase the transmission efficiency of OFDM system, this paper present a local adaptive multi-scale wavelet least squares support vector regression (MWLS-SVR) formulation specifically adapted to a pilots-based OFDM signal, and proposes a new method for channel estimation with pilot assisted symbol modulation expectation. The simulation result shows that the new method can reduce the complexity, and it has also still lower BER compared to traditional method.


PARP inhibitors (PARPis) represent a great advancement in the treatment of ovarian cancer, yet these drugs often fail after a few months due to emerging drug resistance. A recent clinical trial in prostate cancer showed that evolutionary-inspired, adaptive drug scheduling significantly delayed time to progression. This approach adaptively skipped treatment to maintain a pool of drug-sensitive cells that suppressed resistant cells through competition. Here, we present results from a combined modelling and experimental study in which we investigated whether adaptive therapy could delay resistance to the PARPi olaparib in ovarian cancer.We performed a series of in vitro experiments in which we used Incucyte Zoom time-lapse microscopy to characterize the cell population dynamics under different PARPi schedules. Leveraging these data we developed an ordinary differential equation mathematical model of treatment response, and used this model to test different plausible adaptive treatment schedules. Our model can accurately predict the in vitro treatment dynamics, even to new schedules, and suggests that treatment modifications need to be carefully timed, or one risks losing control over tumor growth, even in the absence of any resistance. This is because multiple rounds of cell division are required for cells to acquire sufficient DNA damage to induce apoptosis. As a result, adaptive therapy algorithms that modulate treatment but never completely withdraw it are predicted to perform better in this setting than strategies based on treatment interruptions. Subsequent experiments confirm this prediction in vivo. To conclude, we present preliminary work aiming at investigating the scope for clinical translation of our results by confronting our model with longitudinal CA-125 data from 53 ovarian cancer patients receiving olaparib at Moffitt. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of scheduling on treatment outcome for PARPis, and showcases some of challenges involved in developing adaptive therapies for new treatment settings.
 Citation Format: Maximilian Strobl, Mehdi Damaghi, Alexandra Martin, Samantha Byrne, Mark Robertson-Tessi, Robert Gatenby, Robert Wenham, Philip Maini, Alexander R.A. Anderson. Integrating mathematical modelling and wet-lab experiments to examine the scope for adaptive treatment scheduling of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B009.


This dissertation analyses the philosophical content of Walter Pater's The Renaissance. Since the book's publication in 1873 there has been a marked distinction between critics who have interpreted it as a work of serious philosophic import and those who have valued it more as a literary achievement. However, whilst many critics have attempted to decipher Pater's philosophical vision, few have subjected the text to a sufficiently searching and evaluative reading. This dissertation offers such a reading. Scrutinising the controversial 'Preface' and 'Conclusion', this study discovers beneath a veneer of philosophical profundity, a shy desire to evade philosophical analysis. The dissertation then progresses to examine the correlation between Pater's general statements of belief and the more particular intellectual content of his writing. Lastly, this study analyses the minutiae of Pater's writing style, arguing that his desire to avoid philosophy is written into the smallest details of The Renaissance.


Social and economic change in the built environment is increasingly driven by processes of datafication. These often find expression through smart phone apps and private platforms that seek to upset the status quo by mediating consumer and producer interactions, and by monetising the data these produce. This paper uses the practice-oriented concept of 'disruptive data' to draw attention away from specific technologies and towards the broader political economic logics that underlie them. In so doing, disruption is reframed as a capitalist strategy for creating and capitalising on uncertainty. The rapid change to Dublin's taxi industry over the past decade illustrates these dynamics. By following how ride-hailing apps, most notably Hailo, were introduced into and effected the city, the importance of regulatory context but also wider flows of data and capital are stressed. Data disruptions occur not at the level of the app or platform, but at the economic relations in which they are embedded. By paying attention to the historical details of data disruption, the specificities of change processes are revealed without losing track of their broader economic function.


Abstract A critique of the structural unit model is presented. It is shown that the predictive capacity of the model is severely limited when it is applied to boundaries with relatively-high-index rotation axes. Recent computer simulations suggest that 'high index' means 〈221〉 and above. A new approach to grain boundary structure is needed for mixed tilt and twist boundaries.


In this paper we want to study the non-Kodaira fibres in a smooth equidimensional elliptic threefold. If the morphism to the Weierstrass model of the fibration is crepant, then we can locate the non-Kodaira fibres and give a description of their structure. In particular, they lie over the singular points of the (reduced) discriminant of the fibration and are contraction of a Kodaira fibre, whose type can be predicted using Tate's algorithm.


This article argues that although there is no contradiction as such between radical commitment and practical politics, the demands of modern party and electoral politics present a challenge to radical parties. The case of the German Greens, Europe's most successful ecology party, is examined in this context, as they have faced this dilemma since their take-off into mainstream politics in the 1980s. This article assesses their response to the radicalism versus realism challenge over the past two decades, as well as considering its impact on the organizational structure of the party, its electoral strategy, ideology and policy agenda.


Objective To investigate the effects of morphine added into spinal anesthetic solution on cytokines in patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods Thirty patients undergoing selective cesarean section were allocated randomly into two groups of Ⅰ (n=20)(0.75% bupivacaine 1.8ml+morphine 0.2mg) and Ⅱ (n=10) (0.75% bupivacaine 1.8ml).Interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in peripheral venous blood were detected before anethesia (T0),at completion of surgery (T1),24h (T2) and 72h (T3) after operation.Results Compared with T0,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly decreased at T1 [(0.17±0.01) vs. ( 0.19±0.01)ng/ml and (30.91±5.86) vs. ( 36.48±7.63)ng/ml] (P0.05 and P0.01) in group Ⅰ,and IL-6 was decreaed at T1 in group Ⅱ(P0.05).IL-10 was lower in group Ⅰ than that in groupⅡ at T3 [(33.40±2.23) vs. (29.25±7.65)ng/ml ] (P0.05).Conclusion Small dose of morphine added into spinal anesthetic solution has a slight effect on cytokines in patients undergoing cesarean section.


CV. XYZ is a company engaged in trading goods and services. Employee performance in the organization refers to the ability of employees to carry out the overall tasks that are their responsibility. The importance of employee quality in improving company performance, especially in trade and services, encourages management to always provide coaching and development of existing human resources through training and work motivation to all employees, which are the main variables in improving the quality of their performance. This study aims to determine the application of work discipline in improving the performance of CV employees. XYZ. The method used in this study is a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques by interviewing and observation. It can be concluded that the application of employee discipline CV. XYZ is still not good because employees are still late for work, play games during working hours, and always procrastinate. The lack of responsibility of employees occurs due to a lack of awareness of each employee.


FIELD: oil and gas production. SUBSTANCE: one of the said versions includes a) performance of endothermal reaction of gasification with reagent from biomass at a temperature less or equal to approximately 750 K with synthetic gas obtaining, note that the temperature is ideal for synthetic gas disposal or for carbon-carbon bonds formation reaction; b) performance of exothermal reaction of synthetic gas disposal or reaction of carbon-carbon bonds formation with synthetic gas of stage (a) without any intermediate processing of synthetic gas of stage (a) at a temperature less or equal to the temperature of reaction of gasification performed at stage (a), where the reaction generates C 2 -C 36 linear and branched hydrocarbons or oxygen-containing hydrocarbons and heat; c) use of heat generated at reaction of synthetic gas disposal or carbon-carbon bonds formation reaction of stage (b) in endothermal reaction of gasification of stage (a); d) performance of stage (a) and stage (b) with the use of only one layer of catalyst; and e) simultaneous performance of stage (a) and stage (b) with the use of one layer of catalyst, note that catalyst layer includes the mixture of catalysts or one catalyst that have dimensions and are composed to catalyse the reactions of both stages (a) and (b). EFFECT: effective way from the point of energy to obtain fuel and chemicals from renewable resources of biomass. 38 cl, 19 tbl, 8 ex, 7 dwg


Audit evidence is the information used by the auditor to issue the conclusions on which the auditor's opinion is based. They include both the information contained in the accounting records, financial statements and other relevant information. An essential step in the audit mission is the collection of audit evidence. This research has described the audit procedures to obtain audit evidence for auditing tangible assets. At the same time, the author has classified the audit evidence required for the audit of tangible assets in dependence of their credibility. Taking over the experience of other researchers, the author has formulated some solutions to obtain qualitative audit evidence.


Ground vibration is one of the most unfavourable environmental effects of blasting activities, which can cause serious damage to neighboring homes and structures. As a result, effective forecasting of their severity is critical to controlling and reducing their recurrence. There are several conventional vibration predictor equations available proposed by different researchers but most of them are based on only two parameters, i.e., explosive charge used per delay and distance between blast face to the monitoring point. It is a well-known fact that blasting results are influenced by a number of blast design parameters, such as burden, spacing, powder factor, etc. but these are not being considered in any of the available conventional predictors and due to that they show a high error in predicting blast vibrations. Nowadays, artificial intelligence has been widely used in blast engineering. Thus, three artificial intelligence approaches, namely Gaussian process regression (GPR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) were used in this study to estimate ground vibration caused by blasting in Shree Cement Ras Limestone Mine in India. To achieve that aim, 101 blasting datasets with powder factor, average depth, distance, spacing, burden, charge weight, and stemming length as input parameters were collected from the mine site. For comparison purposes, a simple multivariate regression analysis (MVRA) model as well as, a nonparametric regression-based technique known as multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) was also constructed using the same datasets. This study serves as a foundational study for the comparison of GPR, BPNN, ELM, MARS and MVRA to ascertain their respective predictive performances. Eighty-one (81) datasets representing 80% of the total blasting datasets were used to construct and train the various predictive models while 20 data samples (20%) were utilized for evaluating the predictive capabilities of the developed predictive models. Using the testing datasets, major indicators of performance, namely mean squared error (MSE), variance accounted for (VAF), correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R2) were compared as statistical evaluators of model performance. This study revealed that the GPR model exhibited superior predictive capability in comparison to the MARS, BPNN, ELM and MVRA. The GPR model showed the highest VAF, R and R2 values of 99.1728%, 0.9985 and 0.9971 respectively and the lowest MSE of 0.0903. As a result, the blast engineer can employ GPR as an effective and appropriate method for forecasting blast-induced ground vibration.


The characteristics of grain inhibitors in grain-oriented silicon steels are introduced with the theory of grain inhibiting,and the present research of the most common grain-inhibitors such as MnS and AlN is reviewed.The slab heating temperature and the energy consumption costs can be reduced by the selection of grain inhibitor with lower solid solution or precipitates temperature,which can realize low-temperature slab heating technology.


Multiple channels of light can propagate through a multimode fiber without interfering with each other and can be independently detected at the output end of the fiber using spatial domain multiplexing (SDM). Each channel forms a separate concentric ring at the output. The typical single pin-diode structure cannot simultaneously detect and demultiplex the multiple channel propagation supported by the SDM architecture. An array of concentric circular pindiodes can be used to simultaneously detect and de-multiplex the SDM signals; however, an all optical solution is generally preferable. This paper presents simple architecture for an all optical SDM de-multiplexer.


Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 1, pp 26-888 S864 Methods: This study uses SPSS19.0 for comparative analysis and change analysis of research data. Results: The depression scores of the experimenters before and after viewing are shown in Figure 1.


Land subsidence is a severe geologic hazard threading the lowlying coastal areas worldwide. Monitoring land subsidence has been significantly improved over the last few years by space borne earth observation techniques based on SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Interferometry. Within the INLET Project, funded by Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia – Venice Water Authority (VWA) and Consorzio Venezia Nuova (CVN), we have used the Interferometric Point Target Analysis (IPTA) to characterize the ground displacements within the Venice Lagoon. IPTA measures the movement of backscattering objects (point targets, PT) at the ground surface which persistently reflect radar signal emitted by the SAR antenna. For this study 80 ERS-1/2 and 44 ENVISAT scenes recorded from 1992 to 2005 and from 2003 to 2007, respectively, have been processed by IPTA. High reliable land subsidence data have been detected for thousands of PT located on the lagoon margins, along the littorals, in major and small islands, and on single anthropogenic structures scattered within the lagoon. On the average, land subsidence ranges from less than 1 mm/year to 5 mm/year, with some PT that exhibit values also larger than 10 mm/year depending on both the local geologic conditions and anthropogenic activities. A network of few tens of artificial square trihedral corner reflectors (TCR) has been established before summer 2007 to monitor land subsidence in the inner lagoon areas where natural reflectors completely lack (e.g., on the salt marshes). The first interferometric results on the TCR appear very promising.


[Objective] To study the marine bacteria associated with marine microalgae used in aquaculture in the extensive culture process.[Method] Five strains of culturable marine bacteria were successfully separated by plating method.16S rRNA genes of these bacteria were obtained by PCR amplification with universal primers.The obtained PCR products were sequenced and blasted in GenBank.Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences,a phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the taxonomy of these bacteria.[Result] The five marine bacteria were divided by two categories: α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria,and identified as Porphyrobacter sp.,Devosia sp.,Ponticoccus sp.,Marinobacter sp.,and Roseobacter sp.based on 16S rRNA gene sequences,respectively.According to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of their closest species,it was inferred that these bacteria associated with marine microalgae played an important role in the decomposition of microalgae extracellular product to provide microalgae with inorganic nutrients and the secretion of growth factors to promote the growth of microalgae.[Conclusion] It should be noted to retain these beneficial bacteria in the culture process of microalgae feeds.


If an excited nucleus is bound in a crystal, the recoil of a deexciting quantum may lead to the excitation of lattice vibrations, whereas with a probability f i phonons are created and/or absorbed. Thus, the shape of the 7 spectrum is determined by the dynamics of the lattice. The analogous consideration is valid for the resonant absorption of the 7 radiation. Soon after the discovery of the M6gbauer effect, Vissher [13 proposed to use the narrow M/513bauer line (i=0) of a y source to investigate the phonon spectrum of a resonant absorber. Since f is related approximately to the Debye Waller factor (DWF)f0 ( l n f0 ) i by f~ =fo ~ , for this investigation only 7 sources


If the sensational heroines shocked the critical establishment because of their passionate character or of their murderous drives, they were also criticized for the way they fashioned their bodies, using artificial aids to appear seamless beauties. This paper aims to study the way the sensation novels play upon images-from paintings to fashion plates-which display the extent to which modern femininity is artificial. In Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1861-62), the detective must learn to read pictures, from a Pre-Raphaelite portrait to books of beauties, so as to unveil the identity of the eponymous heroine, discovering in the process the way consumer society breeds female duplicity.


Background The SD Bioline Strep A Ultra (SD, Yongin, Korea) is a recently developed rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for diagnosing bacterial pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococcus, We evaluated the performance of SD Bioline Strep A Ultra, using the number of colony forming units and color intensity. Methods Three throat swabs each were taken from 343 children with pharyngitis who visited pediatric clinics. We evaluated the performance of SD Bioline Strep A Ultra and compared its positive rate with the number of colony forming units, using the Fisher exact test. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (95% confidence interval) were 97.4% (94.0–99.1%), 90.8% (85.0–94.9%), 93.0% (88.5–96.1%), and 96.5% (92.0–98.9%), respectively. Positive rate significantly differed by number of colony forming units (P=0.021). ROC plot for color intensity showed 0.938 of AUC (area under curve). Conclusions SD Bioline Strep A Ultra showed excellent performance, and its positive rate differed by the number of colony counts. This RADT could be used as a sensitive and semi-quantitative method detecting bacterial pharyngitis.


Classical results of the Hartman–Wintner type lead to the asymptotic integration of certain types of linear, non-autonomous systems of differential or difference equations. Here, we show how to extend such results to linear dynamic equations on time scales having bounded graininess, using both averaged as well as pointwise dichotomy conditions.


The success of Big Data relies fundamentally on the ability of a person (the data scientist) to make sense and generate insights from this wealth of data. The process of generating actionable insights, called data exploration, is a difficult and time-consuming task. Data exploration of a big dataset usually requires first generating a small and representative data sample that can be easily plotted and viewed, managed and interpreted to generate insights. However, the literature on the topic hints at data scientists only using random sampling with regular sized datasets and it is unclear what they do with Big Data. In this work, we first show evidence from a survey that random sampling is the only technique commonly used by data scientists to quickly gain insights from a big dataset despite theoretical and empirical evidence from the active learning community that suggests benefits of using other sampling techniques. Second, to evaluate and demonstrate the benefits of other sampling techniques, we conducted an online study with 34 data scientists. These scientists performed a data exploration task to support a classification goal using data samples from more than 2 million records of editing data from Wikipedia articles, generated using different sampling techniques. The study results demonstrate that sampling techniques other than random sampling can generate insights that help to focus on different characteristics of the data, without compromising quality in a data exploration.


Collateral growth (CG) is impaired by aging, but the impairment is reversed by antioxidant treatment. The aim of this study was to determine if NADPH oxidase (Nox) mediated the age‐related impairment of CG. CG (% luminal expansion) and Nox expression were assessed with an established model of ileal artery ligation in young (2–3 mo; Y) and retired breeder (10–12 mo; RB) Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, as well as RB treated with p22phox siRNA (RB+siRNA) or the Nox2 peptide inhibitor Nox2ds‐tat (RB+dstat). CG capacity at 7 days post ligation was restored in RB+siRNA (49.2±8.3%, p<0.001 vs. control) and in RB+ds‐tat (26.6±4.5%, p<0.003 vs. control), verifying the role of Nox in CG impairment. Measurement of Nox subunit basal mRNA expression with qPCR showed that Nox4 and p47phox, but not Nox2, were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to Y WKY. Nox1 expression was too low for quantification. Changes in RB collateral artery Nox expression at 1, 3, and 7 days relative to same‐animal control arteries are shown in the table. The results suggest an important role for specific Nox isoforms/subunits in age‐related CG impairment, and the inhibitor data implicate the Nox2 isoform as a primary mediator of CG impairment. Support: HL092012


Recommender systems for implicit data, e.g., browsing data, have attracted more and more research efforts. Most existing approaches assume the implicit data is i.i.d. which ignores the fact that the real-world data is generally correlated with each other. To cope with this issue, this paper proposes the correlated Wasserstein autoencoders (CWAEs) model to capture data correlation to enhance recommendation peformance. Particularly in the proposed approach, we first formulate correlated data via an undirected acyclic graph and then generalize the undirected acyclic graph to an acyclic graph by averaging all its' maximum acyclic subgraphs. To further enhance model performance, we introduce negative sampling strategy. Experiments are evaluated on Epinions dataset. The widely adopted evaluation criteria, i.e., CRR and NCRR, are adopted to evaluate both baseline models and our proposed approach. Experimental results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed models.


Abstract Purpose To quantify microvascular vessel density in the optic disc using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS); to determine whether there is a difference in values between patients and controls; and to correlate the OCTA measurements with disease activity, damage risk, and drug usage. Methods Patients aged 20 – 76 years who were followed up after a diagnosis of SS and age- and gender-matched controls. The patients underwent RTVue-XR AngioVue OCTA imaging in this cross-sectional observational study. Results A total of 61 eyes of 61 consecutive SS patients and 60 eyes of 60 controls were investigated. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients and control groups regarding the average RNFL (retinal fiber layer) and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD) measurements (p = 0.35, p = 0.25, respectively). As the antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer increased, RNFLsuperior (p = 0.01, r = − 0.327), RPCwhole (p = 0.029, r = 0.279), RPCperipapillary (p = 0.037, r = − 0.267), RPCsuperior (p = 0.003, r = − 0.371), and RPCinferior (p = 0.02, r = 0.297) values decreased with statistical significance. The RPCinside values were lower in anti-Scl-70-positive patients compared to patients negative for anti-Scl-70 (topoisomerase I) (p = 0.021). The RNFLnasal (p = 0.03, r = − 0.278) value decreased as the years of disease increased. The RPCinside value was higher in patients using hydroxychloroquine and calcium channel blockers than those who did not use them (p = 0.021 and p = 0.027, respectively). The RPCwhole, RPCperipapillary, and RPCnasal values were higher, with statistical significance in corticosteroid users than in those patients who did not use corticosteroids (p = 0.043, 0.030, and 0.033, respectively). Conclusion There was no significant difference between the patients and control groups regarding the average RPC VD measurements. However, since this is the first study to analyze optic disc vessel density in SS patients, optic nerve blood flow changes in scleroderma with OCTA could be studied.


We provide a novel solution to the problem of robot tool path generation to uniformly cover the surface area of a curved surface with varying curvatures by using a circular, flat finishing tool. We first develop a local contact shape descriptor using tools from differential geometry to estimate the contact shape and its area between the finishing tool and the workpiece surface under an applied normal force. Based on this varying contact area as the tool moves on the surface, we describe a tool path planning strategy that provides full and uniform coverage of a free-form or curved surface with the least amount of overlap. As opposed to fixed spacing paths with point contact in most existing approaches, we provide a novel path generation method where the interval spacing between neighboring path segments is determined by the contact area, which is position-dependent and varies along the surface in accordance with its principal curvatures. An efficient bisection method is employed in the proposed off-line path planning strategy. Numerical studies were conducted for ruled and general curved surfaces to compare the contact areas and coverage of the resulting path with paths generated using two other approaches from the literature. Real-time surface finishing experiments with a six degree-of-freedom robot equipped with a surface finishing tool were also conducted for both these surfaces to validate the proposed approach. Results from the numerical studies and experiments are presented and discussed.


We find pp wave solutions in string theory with null-like linear dilatons. These provide toy models of big bang cosmologies. We formulate matrix string theory in these backgrounds. Near the big bang 'singularity', the string theory becomes strongly coupled but the Yang-Mills description of the matrix string is weakly coupled. The presence of a second length scale allows us to focus on a specific class of non-Abelian configurations, viz. fuzzy cylinders, for a suitable regime of parameters. We show that, for a class of pp waves, fuzzy cylinders which start out big at early times dynamically shrink into usual strings at sufficiently late times.


The steam-gasification of coal in a fluidized-bed or a packed-bed chemical reactor is considered using an external source of concentrated thermal radiation for high-temperature process heat. The energy equation that couples heat transfer with the chemical kinetics is solved by means of a numerical model that incorporates the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique for nonisothermal, nongray, absorbing, emitting, and scattering media. The reaction kinetics are described by Langmuir−Hinshelwood type rate laws. Validation is accomplished by comparing the numerically computed temperature profiles, product gas composition, and reaction extent with the experimentally measured values using a tubular quartz reactor directly exposed to high-flux irradiation. For the packed bed, the temperature increases monotonically because the internal radiative exchange approaches a conduction-like heat transfer within the bed. For the fluidized bed, the temperature increases rapidly in the first one-quarter of the bed and then reach...


A small commercial SEM had been successfully shielded for examining radioactive materials transferred directly from a remote handling facility. Relatively minor mechanical modifications were required to achieve excellent operation. Two inches of steel provide adequate shielding for most samples encountered. However, samples reading 75 rad/hr ..gamma.. have been examined by adding extra shielding in the form of tungsten sample holders and external lead shadow shields. Some degradation of secondary electron imaging was seen but was adequately compensated for by changing operating conditions.


For given matrix A, by applying the Moore-Penrose inverse expression of the generalized inverse A_(T,S)~(2),we present some rank equalities and inequalities related to A_(T,S)~(2) As the speacial cases, similar results for the weighted Moore-Penrose inverse, Moore-Penrose inverse, Drazin inverse, Drazin inverse and group inverse are derived.


The moth Homoptera glaucinans Gn. now known as Pericyma glaucinans Gn. is one of the caterpillar pests, noted to do considerable damage to Sesbania aculeata. It belongs to the family Noctuidae of the Order Lepidoptera. Recent observations have indicated that this insect has to be reckoned as a major pest of this crop, always occurring side by side with the geometrid Semiothisa pervolgata Wlk.


ABSTRACT Private brands have become a worldwide marketing phenomenon. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of private branding from a global viewpoint, with two main goals. The first is to explain the course of events that turned the private brand into an integral part of today's business world. This paper identifies five main historical eras in the history of private brands beginning at the middle of the 19th century. The second goal of this paper is to examine the private brand's position mainly in North America and Europe but also in several geographical areas. A major finding in this respect is the substantial differences in private brands sales shares, favoring developed countries over developing countries. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that despite the cultural-business differences between developed and developing countries, it is expected that the market share percentage of the private brand in developing countries will reach that of developed countries.


Killing vector fields in three dimensions play an important role in the construction of the related spacetime geometry. In this work we show that when a three-dimensional geometry admits a Killing vector field then the Ricci tensor of the geometry is determined in terms of the Killing vector field and its scalars. In this way we can generate all products and covariant derivatives at any order of the Ricci tensor. Using this property we give ways to solve the field equations of topologically massive gravity (TMG) and new massive gravity (NMG) introduced recently. In particular when the scalars of the Killing vector field (timelike, spacelike and null cases) are constants then all three-dimensional symmetric tensors of the geometry, the Ricci and Einstein tensors, their covariant derivatives at all orders, and their products of all orders are completely determined by the Killing vector field and the metric. Hence, the corresponding three-dimensional metrics are strong candidates for solving all higher derivative gravitational field equations in three dimensions.


In this paper, a novel synthesis method is presented to design of a class of multi-section ultra-wideband (UWB) Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs) with an arbitrary power ratio. The proposed UWB-WPD topology consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cascaded asymmetric coupled line sections (ACLSs) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> isolation resistors. Through even- and odd-mode analysis, the proposed synthesis method is demonstrated with a few unique novelties as summarized: (1) It is for the first time proved that the first kind Chebyshev equal-ripple performance can be exactly realized by the cascaded transmission-line transformer without Hansen's approximation; (2) It is also for the first time revealed that all the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameters (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{31}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{22}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{33}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{32}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of proposed WPD can achieve controllable in-band equal-ripple performance. To verify the effectiveness of proposed synthesis method, several design examples are presented and designed for demonstration of varied equal-ripple responses. Finally, two WPD circuits with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N = 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are fabricated, and the measured results well validate the predicted ones from proposed method.


The field of information security is receiving greater attention in recent years. It is well-known that Social Engineering attacks exploit psychological manipulation techniques to trick people in providing private information without being aware. Robots are entwined in our daily lives and humans tend to trust them more and more. This leads to a kind of "overtrust" in robots that in turn may expose humans to security, fraud and privacy issues. This paper aims to provide insights into how interaction with Social Robots could be exploited for the purpose of Social Engineering. In particular, the paper presents the ability of robots to gather information during an interaction/conversation with humans and how this information could be integrated and enriched with Emotion Recognition techniques. Authors show some preliminary experimental results that are encouraging since the interaction between the robot and the users resembles a humanto-human conversation. In particular, for Emotion Recognition has been obtained two different results: an accuracy of 74.38% fusing two biometric traits (voice and face) and a tolerance of 5 bpm to estimate heart-rate.


After reading the first article in this series, you may have come to the conclusion that knowing something about management and business could be beneficial to your career whether you want to remain purely technical or migrate into management or start a business. Certainly it is nice to have the flexibility to make career moves to optimize productivity and, if necessary, avoid technical obsolescence.


Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been found in a variety of physiological processes; however, the role of TRIM proteins in host defense to viral infection is emerging in recent years. TRIM proteins have been shown to restrict viruses at various stages of viral life cycle through common and distinct mechanisms. TRIM proteins restrict viral infection by directly interacting with viral proteins. Furthermore, TRIM proteins regulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity to impede viral infection. To subvert host defense, viruses also evolve a new evasion strategy by targeting TRIM proteins. In this review, we highlight recent advances which deepen our understanding of the role of TRIM proteins in host defense and the diverse antiviral mechanisms of TRIM proteins.


We prove $L^p$, $p\in (1,\infty)$ estimates on the Hilbert transform along a one variable vector field acting on functions with frequency support in an annulus. Estimates when $p>2$ were proved by Lacey and Li in \cite{LL1}. This paper also contains key technical ingredients for a companion paper \cite{BT} with Christoph Thiele in which $L^p$ estimates are established for the full Hilbert transform.


With its seven chapters, the latest book by Gilberto Lonardi proposes a personal miscellany and some unpublished works. The fil rouge is an element that has interested the author for a long time, as the centre of a series of publications that occupied over ten years. According to Lonardi's studies, the poetry of Homer and, with it, the whole aesthetic dimension of the ancient world, represent an inalienable presupposition of Leopardi's literary identity, continuing to interact with a poetry that constantly has to re-consider itself.


In order to discuss the regular absorption rules for ammonium with natural zeolite,the authors took the natural clinoptilolite occurred in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu as an experimental sample.Its mineral composition and chemical composition were tested.Their adsorption characteristic for ammonium was studied under batch experiment,and its adsorption isothermal lines were established.It is concluded that the adsorption isothermal lines met the formula Langmuir,and its adsorption capacity for ammonium was determined through mathematic analysis.


To the Editor: TNP-470 is a new inhibitor of angiogenesis that has shown potent antitumor activity in preclinical studies.1–4 We performed a phase 1 study of this drug in patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.5 One of the patients in the study was a 49-year-old woman who had presented in 1992 with stage IIIA, poorly differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix. She was treated with a combination of external and intracavitary radiation therapy. The side effects of this treatment included recurrent episodes of small-bowel obstruction, requiring surgical exploration and intestinal resection. Pathological examinations of multiple biopsy . . .


The relative contributions of apoptosis and necrosis in brain injury have been a matter of much debate. Caspase-3 has been identified as a key protease in the execution of apoptosis, whereas calpains have mainly been implicated in excitotoxic neuronal injury. In a model of unilateral hypoxia-ischemia in 7-day-old rats, caspase-3-like activity increased 16-fold 24 h postinsult, coinciding with cleavage of the caspase-3 proenzyme and endogenous caspase-3 substrates. This activation was significantly decreased by pharmacological calpain inhibition, using CX295, a calpain inhibitor that did not inhibit purified caspase-3 in vitro. Activation of caspase-3 by m-calpain, but not μ-calpain, was facilitated in a dose-dependent manner in vitroby incubating cytosolic fractions, containing caspase-3 proform, with calpains. This facilitation required the presence of some active caspase-3 and could be abolished by including the specific calpain inhibitor calpastatin. This indicates that initial cleavage of caspase-3 by m-calpain, producing a 29-kDa fragment, facilitates the subsequent cleavage into active forms. This is the first report to our knowledge suggesting a direct link between the early, excitotoxic, calcium-mediated activation of calpain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and the subsequent activation of caspase-3, thus representing a tentative pathway of "pathological apoptosis."


Analytical solutions to the zone melting problem are obtained for any initial distribution of solute for the case of two geometries. One is the infinite straight bar and the other the re‐entrant annular ring. The former is particularly interesting because under certain conditions the semi‐infinite bar may be treated as infinite. The annular ring calculation provides, among other applications, a means of giving quantitative answers to questions arising in the zone leveling process.


The rare syndrome of acanthocytosis was first described in 1950 by Bassen and Kornzweig (1) and two years later by Singer, Fisher, and Perlstein (2). The principal manifestations reported were steatorrhea, "atypical" retinitis pigmentosa, progressive neurological deficits, and "thorny" red cells. The most complete case reports to date are those of Meir, Schwartz, and Boshes (3) and Rey (4), who well review the clinical aspects. The erythrocytes of affected individuals have characteristic, spikelike excrescences, a normal or decreased life-span, probably normal osmotic fragility, normal acid fragility, increased susceptibility to mechanical trauma, and an increased rate of destruction in lysolecithin hemolysis tests (2-5). Recently, it has been demonstrated electrophoretically, immunologically, and by ultracentrifugation that beta or low-density lipoproteins are absent or very low in acanthocytosis (4, 6, 7), thus explaining the low levels of plasma total lipid, cholesterol, and phospholipid noted earlier (3, 8, 9). Striking vacuolization of the intestinal absorptive cell has also been described, and histochemical techniques have shown lipid in these vacuoles (4, 6, 7). On the basis of these findings, it has been suggested that acanthocytosis is primarily a disease of lipid or lipoprotein metabolism and that the principal clinical manifestations (neurological, hema-


This is a simplified version of the New Keynesian model of bond market segmentation that appears in Ikeda et al. (2020) and is based on Chen et al. (2012). The economy consists of two types of households. A fraction ωr of type 'r' households can only trade long-term government bonds. The remaining 1− ωr households of type 'u' can purchase both short-term and longterm government bonds, the latter subject to a trading cost ζt. This trading cost gives rise to a term premium, i.e., a spread between long-term and short-term yields, that the central bank can manipulate by purchasing long-term bonds. The term premium affects aggregate demand through the consumption decisions of constrained households. This generates an unconventional monetary policy channel. The transmission mechanism of monetary policy is obtained from the equilibrium conditions of households and firms in the economy. Households choose consumption to maximize an isoelastic utility function and firms set prices subject to Calvo frictions. These give rise to an Euler equation for output and a Phillips curve, respectively. Equation (1) in the paper can be derived by combining those two equations. I will derive the Euler equation in some detail in order to illustrate the origins of the QE channel. The Phillips curve derivation is standard and is therefore omitted. Up to a loglinear approximation, the relevant first-order conditions of the households' optimization problem can be written as


Noble metal behaves as an excellent reversible electrode, notwithstanding that H+ and other cations of various basic metals are contained considerably in the electrolyte solution together with the cation of this electrode metal. Hence it was devised to compose an accumulator, in which an anode reacts reversibly to anion, and cathode of metal plate reacts reversibly to cation. The following constitution of a battery was designed and examined CujCuSO,. H,SO,jPbSO'.PbO,.Pb The electromotive force of this cell was confirmed about 1.43 V as is expected from calculation. As long as the solution has a' tinge of Cu++, the cathode shows fine surface as that of a copper coulometer, avoiding deposition of other cations and hydrogen. A lead peroxide electrode of a usual storage battery was utilized as the anode. Existance of SO, --in the solution as a constituent of CuSO, prevents remarkably sulfation from encroaching on the anode, when the cell is left in a discharged state On charging, this battery yields only small amount of gas from the anode; and when it is left in a charged condition, self-discharge is very litle, almost no gas being liberated. 1n addition to the above mentioned small quantity of gas, this battery seems to have a prospect of ful五llingthe requirement to be improved into a convenient and compact type as a recent Cd-alkaline cell


The purpose of this research is to examine relationship between ego-resilience and stress management of collegiate students to achieve fundamental data for future studies. To achieve this purpose, 6 Universities in Seoul were selected by convenience sampling and frequency analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. The results of this research were as follows. Ego-resilience of collegiate basketball club participants effects on Stress Management. Collegiate student's basketball club participation improves stress management, emotional stability, sociality and interpersonal relationship. For more participation to other sports activities, more chances and facilities are needed.


The degradation of cyclodextrin derivatives by K. oxytoca M5a1 was investigated. In comparison to cyclodextrin that can be metabolised easily by this microorganism, the modified cyclodextrins tested can only be partly degraded. Analysis of the degradation products showed that the microorganism thereby exhibited a common pattern. It was able to hydrolise modified cyclodextrins only if they carried less than 3 substituents. Failure of the degradation could be based on the fact that these compounds can not bind to the periplasmic binding protein, CymE, and are not transported into cytoplasm. Key words: cyclodextrin derivatives, cyclodextrinase, cyclodextrin derivativeA¢â'¬â"¢s degradation


A method of and an apparatus for drying a wafer using the Marangoni effect quickly forms an isopropyl alcohol layer on a cleaning liquid in which the wafer is submerged. The isopropyl alcohol is first heated and then supplied in a fluid state onto the cleaning liquid. The isopropyl alcohol liquid thus diffuses rapidly to form the isopropyl alcohol layer. The wafer is thoroughly dried by removing it from the cleaning liquid through the isopropyl alcohol while only supplying more of the heated nitrogen gas into the ambient above the cleaning liquid.


A firm energy market for Colombia is presented. Firm energy - the ability to provide energy in a dry period - is the product needed for reliability in Colombia's hydro-dominated electricity market. The firm energy market coordinates investment in new resources to assure that sufficient firm energy is available in dry periods. Load procures in an annual auction enough firm energy to cover its needs. The firm energy product includes both a financial call option and the physical capability to supply firm energy. The call option protects load from high spot prices and improves the performance of the spot market during scarcity. The market provides strong performance incentives through the spot energy price. Market power is addressed directly: existing resources cannot impact the firm energy price


TiO2-based transparent conductive oxide film is a new TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) materials, which is studied in recent years. The article summarized and analyzed the reseach progress and trend of transparent conductive TiO2 Oxide Films from some aspects ,such as the different doping elements, preparation methods and so on. In this paper the existing problems and deficiencies in the study are discribed , and some suggestions for future research and development of TiO2 Oxide films are proposed.