. obtained as the composition of two rotations of angle z. This fact is used to give an alternative denvation of Hamilton's representation of rotations by great circle- oriented arcs of length u/2 on the unit sphere. Composition of rotations corresponds to addition of consecutive arcs. It is stressed that every rotation can be


arctic Peninsula during the Cenozoic, the sub- ducting process ceased and the continental mar- gin became a passive one. The age of the south- east Pacific basin determined from available magnetic data suggests that the former conver- gent margin extended from the northernmost Antarctic Peninsula to about long 85°W. Owing to the lack of reliable magnetic data west of long 85°W, a former subduction zone along the margin of western Ellsworth Land and eastern Marie Byrd Land can only be assumed, not ABSTRACT Satellite gravity data reveal extraordinary lineations in the gravity field of the western Bell- ingshausen Sea. Major north-south-striking gravity anomalies west of Peter I Island and be- tween the island and the De Gerlache Seamounts raise questions of the deep crustal structure and tectonic events in that part of the Antarctic plate. As part of two cruises in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas with RV Polarstern in 1994 and 1995, we acquired multichannel seismic records and shipborne gravity data across the gravity anomalies. The combined data set shows strong ev- idence for a converging event within the oceanic crust, including a subducted crustal segment and possibly accreted sediments on top of the downgoing basement. West and east of the basement step and diffraction zone, the seismic sections indicate normally developed oceanic crust with moderate basement undulations. The sequence of undisturbed sediments on top of the compres- sional structure suggests a tectonic event between 50 and 13 Ma, while relative motion between the Antarctic-Bellingshausen plate and the Phoenix plate had already begun in the Late Creta- ceous. We suggest that this convergent tectonic structure could have developed as an early Ter- tiary transcurrent plate boundary to accommodate the relative motion between the Antarctic- Bellingshausen plate and the southward migrating and subducting Phoenix plate.


Abstract Organized mentoring has become a principal method in statebuilding. Relying on field work in Afghanistan, the article argues that mentoring represents a new intensified mode of statebuilding, one that goes beyond simple technical reform, focusing on the deeper levels of the Afghan deputies' personalities. The rise of mentoring reflects a turn towards an enhanced focus on the contextualized individual and personal capabilities as well as dispositions. Mentoring produces personal relations that are closer and more intimate than technical assistance programmes, and thereby constitute a new form of interface between donor states and the Afghan state. Consequently, the mentor becomes a new figure in international relations—a new meeting ground between nations that reflects the contextualized and decentred prudence of neoliberal governmentality.


The subject of the research is impact of creatine monohydrate on a mass of swimmers. The test was performed on a sample of 60 swimmers among members of the Academic Swimming Club "22. April" divided into two groups aged between 21 and 25. All respondents are male and in good health. The respondents belonging to this population are at the zenith of morphological and motor development and are well motivated to advance in swimming. The measurement was carried out at the end of May and half of June 2008 at the premises of the Recreation Center Srpske Toplice (water temperature 28°C). The respondents were measured for body mass at baseline and after 21 days of taking creatine. The main objective of the paper is to determine whether taking creatine for three weeks shows significant differences in a mass gain of swimmers. The results of the research show that the differences in body mass between the two measurements have statistical significance.


In this paper, the authors attempt to clarify and explain the mission of Japanese corporate research institutes in the 21st Century. Their discussions focus on the important problem of "experience economy" in the development of new business models, information technology (IT) all companies should have, and the problem of knowledge creation location. They also describe some of the measures introduced by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO) to create the practical knowledge necessary for the company's continued existence in the IT era.


ABSTRACT Single crystals of the underscreened Kondo ferromagnet Yb14MnSb11 were investigated using polarised neutron diffraction and magnetisation measurements. The magnitude and direction of the magnetisation at each of the 9 distinct crystallographic sites was measured using polarised neutron diffraction. A large moment of close to 4.2 μB was found at the unique Mn site. A compensating antiferromagnetic moment of ≈−0.5 μB was found to be distributed uniformly among the remaining Yb and Sb sites, which was not expected from a previous theoretical calculation. The compensating magnetisation, however, is consistent both in size and magnitude with the expected Kondo screening cloud.


OBJECTIVE To study the related influencing factors of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic infections.METHODS Totally 86patients with severe acute pancreatitis and diagnosed,treated in our hospital from January 2010to December 2012were selected as research objects,then the pancreatic infection rate of all patients was analyzed,and the pancreatic infection rate of patients with different disease situation and treatment related situation were compared.RESULTS The pancreatic infection rates of patients with pancreatic necrosis third stage,intestinal dysfunction time5d,organ dysfunction number2,hypoxemia,within 7days of operation,TNP20dand mechanical ventilation were 52.63%,46.43%,55.00%,47.62%,86.36%,55.56%,and 44.44%,and they were higher than 31.58%,34.48%,32.76%,31.82%,33.85%,20.31%,32.35%,and 32.00% of patients with first and second stage,intestinal dysfunction time≤5d,organ dysfunction number≤2,without hypoxemia,without 7days of operation,TNP≤20dand without mechanical ventilation,all the differences were staistically significant(all P0.05).CONCLUSIONThe related influence factors of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic infection mainly include disease itself and treatment measures.


Abstract : The purpose of this research is to review the World War II and Postwar organizations and procedures for unified procurement and to deduce conclusions and recommendations. It can be assumed that in a future war, as in World War II, not only will war be a giant consumer of our industrial resources but also industry will be as vital to victory. And with a production ceiling limiting our supply it behooves everyone to take cognizance of this fact and plan and work for an efficient system of demand from industry. Unified procurement rationally and logically is the first step towards the conservation and efficient use of our industrial resources.


Professionals in all areas of librarianship will find inspiration in the essays collected here - each of them innovative tips for increasing circulation, enhancing collections, and improving flexibility. With extensive experience in the nation's top libraries and media centers, the 73 contributors describe what really works based on their real-world experiences.Organized by subject, the essays offer succinct and practical guidelines for dozens of tasks. Topics include preparing and delivering distinctive presentations; forming a successful grant proposal; creating a traveling multimedia exhibition; organizing effective community partnerships; writing blogs; hosting authors; creating cybertorials; and preserving local culture.


Ganmma rays from the 7.56 Mev level of B/sup 10/ were analyzed with a five-crystal pair spectrometer. Cascade gamma rays were investigated by recording the spectra in coincidence with the 2.40, 0.72, 2.15, and 5.4I-Mev gamma transitions. The branching ratios for the decay of the 7.56Mev level were found to be 76, 9, and 15% for 6.84, 5.4l, and 2.40-Mev gamma rays, respectively. For the 2.I5-Mev level, the respective branmehing ratios for 2 15, 1.43, and 0.41- Mev gamma rays were shown to be l6, 29, and 55%. The partial width (F/sub gamma 3.01/) for the 3.0l-Mev transition was found to be less than I% of the total width ( GAMMA ) of the 5.l6Mev state in B/sup 10. The gamma width of the 5.16- Mev level was found to be 0.5l ev and the alpha wldth 32 < GAMMA /sub alpha / < 500 ev. Although the upper limit for the alpha width oi the 5.16-Mev level was quite small, this result was shown to be consistent with the alpha transition being isotopic-spin-allowed. The conflict between the result GAMMA /sub gamma 3.01// GAMMA < 0.01 and evidence requiring larger relative partial gamma widths may be resolved if the 5.16-Mevmore » state in B/sup 10/ is assumed to be a doublet. (auth)« less


When a witness views a crime, they are often asked to construct a facial likeness, or composite of the suspect. These composites are then used to stimulate recognition from someone who is familiar with the suspect. Facial composites are commonly used in large scale cases e. g. Jill Dando, Yorkshire Ripper, however a great deal of research has indicated that facial composites perform poorly and often do not portray an accurate likeness of the suspect. This thesis therefore examined methods of improving facial composites. In particular, it examined methods of increasing the likeness portrayed in composites, both during construction and at test. Experiments 1 to 3 examined the effectiveness of a new three-quarter-view database in PROfit. Experiment 1 examined whether the presentation of composites in a threequarter-view composite will aid construction. Participant-witnesses were exposed to all views of a target and the results indicated that three-quarter-view composites performed as well as full-face composites but not better. Experiments 2 and 3 then examined whether the presentation of two composites (one in a full-face view and the other in a three-quarter-view) from the same participant-witness would increase performance above the level observed for a single composite. The results revealed that two views were better than one. In addition, experiment 3 examined the issue of encoding specificity and viewpoint dependency in composite construction. All participant-witnesses were exposed to either one view of a target (full-face or threequarter) or all views and they were asked to construct both a full-face and a threequarter-view composite. The results indicated that performance was better when all


Abstract : Altered by the perceptions and "lessons" of the Gulf War, the American way of war largely disregards the concept and importance of forcible entry. However, to a nation with global responsibilities and interests, forcible entry is the CINC's principle tool to gain access, introduce forces and perpetuate influence. From the perspectives of suitability, acceptability and feasibility, only the amphibious forces of the Navy-Marine Corps possess the inherent flexibility, muscle, responsiveness and self-sustainability to successfully execute a forcible entry in a high risk, unpredictable environment. Capitalizing on speed, flexibility and the momentum generated by power protection, the Marine Corps' latest warfighting philosophy, Operational Maneuver From the Sea, adapts the tenets of maneuver warfare to maritime operations. The future feasibility of amphibious forcible entry and OMFTS is predicated upon the ability to overcome tactical deficiencies and re-orient present thinking to embrace operational art. Innovation, insight, investment and vision prevent a very fragile forcible entry capability from becoming the purple lie!


The article deals with a numerical analysis of a composed steel thin-walled beam. The selected construction of the beam will be prepared for an upcoming three points bending test. The cross section of the beam is made of double C-shaped profiles that are connected by the clinching method. The connection is done at several levels along the length of the beam, which should provide sufficient interaction. This type of beam can be used in constructions of light steel thin-walled halls as a column or a roof truss. The article presents the basic information of the upcoming three points bending test of the beam structure. A part of this article is also dedicated to the description of the numerical modeling of the real test. The subject of the numerical analysis is to investigate the functionality of the considered connection as well as the whole structure of the beam. The article also indicates the possibility of identifying the critical locations in the construction.The article deals with a numerical analysis of a composed steel thin-walled beam. The selected construction of the beam will be prepared for an upcoming three points bending test. The cross section of the beam is made of double C-shaped profiles that are connected by the clinching method. The connection is done at several levels along the length of the beam, which should provide sufficient interaction. This type of beam can be used in constructions of light steel thin-walled halls as a column or a roof truss. The article presents the basic information of the upcoming three points bending test of the beam structure. A part of this article is also dedicated to the description of the numerical modeling of the real test. The subject of the numerical analysis is to investigate the functionality of the considered connection as well as the whole structure of the beam. The article also indicates the possibility of identifying the critical locations in the construction.


The technology advancement has envisaged going for near net shape of the produces. Also, near netshapes formed are again cold upset for obtaining a final shape of the Product.In this study a general scheme expressing the factors which affect a workability of Sintering aluminium powder preforms. This work deals with an experimental determination Workability of Sintering Aluminium powder preforms is limited by their density. A standard of rings of ratio 6:3:2 produced under a constant compacting pressure of 240.7 (Mpa) and sintered at 525 ± 10° C, 550 ± 10° C and 575 ± 10° C were tested. Workability determined in compression tests depends strongly on a sintered density, independently of the chemical composition of aluminium powders.A linear dependence between workability and sintered density was found.The results are related to relatively high density values, taken from the range of 0.85-0.96 of theoretical density. The Sintering Preforms were measured using a digital vernier. Graph was established between critical reduction and relative density for different sintering temperature considered. Also graphs between relative density and sintering temperature were established.


The Brillouin scattering spectra of K 2 SeO 4 were observed as a function of temrerature in a ranse from 80 K to 770 K which includes the three successive phase transition points T 1 (745.0 K), T 2 (129.5 K) and T 3 (93.0 K). The Brillouin frectuency shifts Just below the hexasonal-orthorhombic (prototype-normal) transition point T 1 show a softening of the lonsitudinal acoustic (LA) mode propagating along the [100] direction. The index 2 β=0.64 ±0.02 was obtained in a phenomenological treatment of the anomalous part of the elastic stiffness constant C 11 derived from the frequency shift. At the normal-incommensurate transition point T 2 , the LA mode propagating along the [001] direction shows an anomaly of C 33 which is well described in terms of the mean-field theory. Near the incommensurate-commensurate transition point T 3 , the spectra do not show any anomalous temperature dependence.


Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common disease in women of reproductive age. Modern medicine believes that recurrent spontaneous abortion (PTS) caused by prethrombotic state (PTS) is a


In this paper, we provide an overview of best practices in FASD prevention, diagnostic, and interventions and supports. In Canada, people diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) represent a fraction people living with FASD. While social stigma may deter people from seeking an FASD diagnosis, other deterrents include the lack of screening and diagnostic referrals, cost of travelling to a clinic, and lack of clarity of how a diagnosis may improve supports and services. Preventing FASD and improving lifelong outcomes for people living with FASD requires a coordinated approach between prevention, diagnostic, intervention, and support efforts.


Epigenetic modifications are investigated routinely and are one of the most rapidly growing components of molecular biology. Epigenetics has also been implicated in brain and behavior. Psychiatric disorders with complex etiologies have recently been attributed to specific epigenetic alterations in gene expression patterns leading up to behavioral maladaptations. This field has also provided a new angle to the age-old nature-nurture debate by providing a new perspective as to the role of surroundings in behavioral adaptation of an organism. Understanding the epigenetic basis in maladaptive conditions and then correlating it to development of plasticity would provide valuable insight into understanding environment-mediated effects on organisms and its evolution.


In the process of structuring harmonious society, specialty education not only offers students knowledge and skills, but should also help them set up morality and social responsibility. In the education of art design,students are to cultivate designing knowledge and skills as well as the core value of humanity, and concerns for society and environment, which is the conscience education in art design learning. Therefore, the educator should formulate specific target on concept of conscience education, and put it in teaching process. By classical and influential cases the students are to be influenced for conscientious design, and to be encouraged to carry on field investigation to integrate valuable traditional handicrafts into modern designs.


The purpose of this research is to describe and interpret the coexistence of domination orders that appeared in the department of Vichada, Colombia, between 1992 and 2010, in accordance with the three pure types of domination developed by Max Weber. The studied period begins with the issuance of the Constitution of 1991 in Colombia, which generated a new institutional configuration in the public authorities and state agencies of the structure of the state and forced a greater deployment of state institutions in all the national territory and in this particular area of the territory. The period closes in 2010, before the new conditions that started to be observed at the local and national environment, as a result of the negotiations established between national governments with paramilitary forces first and then with the guerillas of the FARC-EP. The explanation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is a presentation of some essential aspects of the problem of domination: how a relationship of domination is maintained and the prerequisite of the legitimacy of domination. The presence of the three pure types of domination (legal domination, domination traditional and charismatic domination) prepared by Max Weber together with its administrative apparatus, built to order social reality and to establish what features characterize a social relationship of domination at a time and certain society is analyzed here. Also a paragraph with the discussion that, about the legitimacy of domination, make other more recent authors in Europe and Latin America are included. An approximation to the notion of state institute of Weber that has the principle of legality as the axis of development in the modern world is included here. Equally well an approximation to the notion of border that has served as a reference for studying analytical marginal regions distant from centers of power, as it is studied in this work, is presented...


Summary form only given. Optical laser diagnostics are widely used for probing Z-pinch plasmas. Measurement of the electron plasma density with regular laser interferometry meets the zero-number fringe issue on the axis of the Z-pinch. From the ablation stage on, the density of the inhomogeneous plasma increases quickly and produces very complicated structures of fringes. Even two-frame interferometry cannot derive the plasma density because it does not include non-perturbed reference fringes, and the plasma near the electrodes and the wires frame the axial area of the pinch. We suggest a new diagnostic to record a continuous history of the interferograms and the individual evolution of the fringes. In this case, the plasma density could be measured by deriving the shift of the fringes on the slit of a streak camera. This diagnostic is based on the Nd:YAG laser with a long probing pulse of 300 ns, at a fundamental wavelength of 1064, Mach Zehnder interferometer, and an optical streak camera. A CW laser at the wavelength of 1064 nm with a power 0.7 W, seeds two multi-pass amplifiers. A Pockels Cell cuts a 300-500 ns pulse from the CW radiation for amplification. A sevenpass amplification provides a total gain >10 s. Faraday rotators are used to prevent self-oscillation in the laser system. The laser pulse at the fundamental frequency will be converted to the second and fourth harmonics. This diagnostic has been developed in order to provide precision measurements of the plasma density during the ablation and the implosion phases in wire arrays.


T here are few guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed malignant glioma, but a study of 565 patients has found that some oncologists are not even following these standards. While the use of radiotherapy does reflect recommendations based on the published literature, for example, other practice patterns such as overuse of prophylactic anti-epileptic medications and the underuse of chemotherapy do go against guidelines, say researchers in the Glioma Outcomes (GO) Project. "Anti-epileptic prophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors is one of the few areas of brain


The utility model discloses a combustion heating system taking biomass as a fuel. The combustion heating system comprises a combustion boiler, a flue gas discharge device and an air supply device, wherein the flue gas discharge device comprises a separator and a convection bank; an economizer, a flue gas primary cooler, a flue gas purifier, a flue gas deep cooler and a chimney are arranged on the downstream of the convection bank; an inlet of a water flow pipeline inside the flue gas deep cooler is connected with a to-be-heated water source; an outlet of the water flow pipeline inside the flue gas deep cooler is connected with water flow pipelines inside the flue gas primary cooler and the economizer after passing through a deaerator; the outlet of the water flow pipeline inside the economizer is connected with a water inlet of a steam pocket; a water outlet of the steam pocket is connected with a water heating device inside the combustion boiler; the water heating device inside the combustion boiler is connected with a steam inlet of the steam pocket; a steam outlet pipeline of the steam pocket is connected with a steam supply pipeline. The combustion heating system taking biomass as fuel is high in heating efficiency, and small in environmental pollution.


Rapid and accurate analysis of element concentrations in aluminum alloys is crucial due to their widespread use in modern industry. This paper proposes a one-point and multiline calibration fiber-optic laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (OP-MLC FO-LA-SIBS) for the quantitative analysis of elements in aluminum alloys. The experimental system utilizes a compact fiber laser as the laser-ablation source and spark discharge to enhance the atomic emission. A portable multichannel fiber spectrometer is used to quickly collect spectra in the nongated mode. The concentrations of four elements (Mg, Cr, Cu, and Mn) in four aluminum alloy samples were calculated using the simple and efficient OP-MLC method, which involves taking another sample with a similar matrix as the standard sample. The average relative errors (AREs) for Mg, Cr, Cu, and Mn were 6.38%, 28.09%, 21.92%, and 18.97%, respectively. When the certified concentrations are greater than 0.02 wt.%, the ARE is only 13.04%. The OP-MLC FO-LA-SIBS system is compact, features simple spectra processing, and offers effective measurement, providing a convenient method for rapid and efficient quantitative analysis of elements in aluminum alloys in industrial production.


Idiopathic renal hematuria is diagnosed in situations where the cause of hematuria is not clear, even after ruling out all possible differential diagnoses. A 14-year-old female Cocker Spaniel with continuous hematuria as the only clinical sign for two months. Concomitant changes were ruled out by blood tests, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasonography. It was evidenced that hematuria originated from the left kidney through ureteral catheterization and the diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was determined by excluding other possible causes of renal hematuria. Idiopathic renal hematuria is a rarely reported disease but has great importance as a differential diagnosis in cases where the main clinical sign is hematuria.


The principal paper on human anatomy in this part is one by Mr W. Roger Williams on " The Anatomy of the Quadriceps extensor cruris." The writer maintains that of the two heads of the rectus femoris, the reflected or acetabular head is the main tendon, the straight or iliac head being nothing but an accessory band of condensed fascia. In the fcetus, at the sixth month, only the reflected head can be distinguished, the straight cannot be discriminated from the fascia of the part. It is also asserted that the crureus is


CLAUDIA WAHRISCH-OBLAU [*] ON PRAYERS FOR THE SICK AND THE INTERPRETATION OF HEALING EXPERIENCES IN CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN CHINA AND AFRICAN IMMIGRANT CONGREGATIONS IN GERMANY Let me begin with some personal remarks: When I was asked to present a paper to the working group on "Healing in Pentecostal/Charismatic/Independent Churches and Movements", [1] I was somewhat surprised. First of all, even though I have been deeply challenged and influenced by many Pentecostal friends and colleagues, I do not consider myself a charismatic or Pentecostal in a denominational sense. I can therefore not write from, but only about a charismatic or Pentecostal perspective on faith and healing. Secondly, most of my research has been about healing prayers and healing testimonies within the "official" Protestant churches in China. While few of these churches are Pentecostal in a denominational sense, [2] prayers for the sick and "miracle" healing experiences are common in all of them. I found that prayers for healing and faith healing experiences were considered "normal" expressions of faith even in churches where "charismatic" phenomena like speaking in tongues would be severely frowned upon, and were interpreted in what I termed a "pre-modern" paradigm rather than what I thought was Pentecostal thinking. Since then my involvement with immigrant Pentecostal churches in Germany has caused me to re-evaluate what I had seen and heard in China. I now believe that the development of grassroots churches in that country must be interpreted as a truly Pentecostal movement, not in a denominational but in a broader theological sense. [3] In how far this development has been influenced by the worldwide Pentecos tal movement in the past as well as the present is impossible to gauge [4] and anyhow not of concern for this paper. The Pentecostal nature of the grassroots churches is not easily discerned by the outside observer, as they do not call themselves Pentecostal. Furthermore, as they are moving into the realm of the local and provincial Christian councils, they become -- at least superficially -- "evangelicalized" [5] through the many training programmes run by these organizations. [6] In my work with African charismatic and Pentecostal immigrant churches in Germany, [7] I found that prayers for healing are as important within congregational life as they are in China. Despite the enormous cultural differences, my Chinese experiences helped me to relate to what I observed among African Christians, and my experience with African Christians led me to reinterpret what I learned in China. This is why I decided also to include some observations about African immigrant churches in this paper, even though they can only be of a very preliminary nature. There are enormous differences in faith practices and theology between African Independent Churches and neo-Pentecostal ministries, but very little research has been done about any of these churches in Germany, [8] and my own experiences are, of course, limited. I hope that my observations will encourage further research to either prove or disprove my assumptions. I have written this paper because the practices and testimonies of both my Chinese and my African sisters and brothers have been important for my own faith journey. Furthermore, I firmly believe that the practices of prayers for the sick and the experiences of healing testified to in both Chinese and immigrant African churches constitute a challenge for mainline churches that we ignore at our own peril. As mainline churches have delegated healing to medical professionals, prayers for healing to hospital chaplains and political advocacy to public health specialists, our faith in the healing power of the Holy Spirit tends to become a mere dogmatic statement no longer testified to by our congregational life. African and Chinese Christians can help us to win back a holistic perspective that will also reform our practices. …


Where treatment allows, children do better at home than in hospital.1 The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Melbourne has a hospital-in-the-home (HITH) programme that provides acute medical care to children at home (eg, intravenous antibiotics for cellulitis, pneumonia). However, there is a risk of 'out of sight, out of mind' for clinicians.2 We aimed to increase the visibility of children treated at home by piloting mobile telemedicine for patients on HITH. Objectives were to assess the acceptability and feasibility of acute medical review by telemedicine and to explore the technology's uses.

We undertook a prospective pilot study from February to June 2013. Several hardware solutions were assessed for weight, data transfer method, videoconferencing specifics, compatibility with departmental software and price. The Acer Iconia tablet was selected, …


We present a comprehensive study of the emission spectra from accreting sources. We use our new reflection code to compute the reflected spectra from an accretion disk illuminated by X-rays. This set of models covers different values of ionization parameter, solar iron abundance, and photon index for the illuminating spectrum. These models also include the most complete and recent atomic data for the inner shell of the iron and oxygen isonuclear sequences. We concentrate our analysis on the 2–10 keV energy region and in particular on the iron K-shell emission lines. We show the dependency of the equivalent width (EW) of the Fe Kα on the ionization parameter. The maximum value of the EW is ∼800 eV for models with log ξ ∼ 1.5 and decreases monotonically as ξ increases. For lower values of ξ, the Fe Kα EW decreases to a minimum near log ξ ∼ 0.8. We produce simulated CCD observations based on our reflection models. For low-ionized, reflection-dominated cases, the 2–10 keV energy region shows a very broad, curving continuum that cannot be represented by a simple power law. We show that in addition to the Fe K-shell emission, there are other prominent features such as the Si and S Lα lines, a blend of Ar viii–xi lines, and the Ca x Kα line. In some cases, the S xv blends with the He-like Si radiative recombination continua producing a broad feature that cannot be reproduced by a simple Gaussian profile. This could be used as a signature of reflection.


ABSTRACT This research was conducted on learning Mathematics at SD Negeri 18 Kampung Pansur including (1) low student learning outcomes. (2) Lack of student interest in learning mathematics. (3) The learning method used by the teacher is conventional, the teacher speaks more and students listen. (4) Learning media used is not effective and interesting. This study aims to "Describe Increasing Student Interests and Learning Outcomes in KD Mathematics Learning Summing and Subtracting Numbers up to 20 in Class I Students of SD Negeri 18 Kampung Pansur". This research was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of one meeting. Results of the study (1) Teacher's performance on KD Mathematics Learning addition and reduction in the application of the number card media learning model in cycle I was 61.23% which increased in cycle II which was 84.61%. (2) Student Interest Sheet in Mathematics learning KD Summing and Subtracting Numbers to 20 Students in Grade I SD Negeri 18 Kampung Pansur applying number learning model of number cards in cycle I is 80.26% increasing in cycle II which is 94.73%. (3) Student learning outcomes in KD Mathematics learning Summing and Subtracting Numbers up to 20 Students in Grade I SD Negeri 18 Kampung Pansur in cycle I is 71.05% increasing in cycle II, namely 78.42%.


The HIL simulation model of high-pressure CR oil injection system and engine model are established respectively.Series of experimental researches are carried out,and results show that within the control system accuracy satisfaction,our test bench meets fairly well the electronic injection diesel engine's performance requirement,reduces the development cycle and cost,paves the way of high-pressure CR system matching and testing work,which is of great engineering importance.


Background: Decitabine (DacogenTM) is a cytosine analogue that promotes hypomethylation of DNA. Although decitabine has been extensively studied in Phase II and III trials in patients with MDS, relatively limited pharmacokinetic (PK) data is available in this patient population. Recently, a Phase III trial of decitabine in advanced MDS demonstrated that decitabine administered as a 3-hour infusion of 15 mg/m2 every 8 hours for 3 days (cycles repeated every 6 weeks) results in a significantly higher response rate and improves time to AML or death compared to best supportive care (J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(suppl 16S):570s). Methods: The PK of this dosing regimen was evaluated in twelve patients (8M/4F, age 50–87 yr) with MDS (n=6, IPSS ≥ 1.5) or relapsed/refractory AML (n=6). Patients were treated with the same dose and schedule as the Phase III trial, with a second cycle repeated six weeks after the first. Plasma samples were obtained pre-dose and during the first 8-hour dosing interval on each dosing day during cycle 1, and at pre-dose and just prior to the end of infusion during cycle 2. PK samples were assayed for decitabine by a sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method. Results: Day 1 cycle 1 PK results (mean±SD) from ten patients are shown in the table below (data from two patients excluded due to dosing error). In plasma, decitabine did not accumulate during three days of dosing, and CLp remained unchanged. For the 5 patients who have received decitabine for two cycles, Cmax values for cycle 1 (49.0±22.2 ng/mL) and cycle 2 (62.7±45.2) were comparable, indicating unchanged PK during both cycles. This regimen of decitabine was generally well-tolerated. Serious adverse events included neutropenia and fever (2 patients) and infection (one patient with gram positive bacteremia and pneumonia). In addition, one patient died of sepsis, and two died of progressive AML. Of four patients who have been assessed for response after 2 cycles of decitabine, one patient with MDS had a complete response, one patient with MDS had hematologic improvement, and two patients (one MDS, one AML) had no response. Conclusions: We conclude that repeated administration of decitabine does not result in systemic accumulation of the drug, and PK remains unchanged from cycle to cycle. It will be of interest in future studies to correlate pharmacokinetics of decitabine with pharmacodynamic changes in CpG island methylation and clinical responses.


We show the existence of expanding solitons of the G$_2$-Laplacian flow on non-solvable Lie groups, and we give the first example of a steady soliton that is not an extremally Ricci pinched G$_2$-structure.


A pilot project to screen 1000 woman aged between 18 and 30 years for genital chlamydia infection in the Nova Gorica region of Slovenia is underway.


Abstract Collective memory is an important source of social stability, allowing human beings and political communities to integrate new experiences into existing narrative frameworks. In addition to sustaining individual and group identities, remembrance can also maintain cycles of hatred. Building on Arendt's political theory, I present an alternative interpretation of memory as a resource for political change following historical ruptures. This constructive reading focuses on the ability of communities to create new futures out of the shattered pieces of the past. For Arendt, the experience of totalitarianism was a caesura that made nationalist histories, and the nation-state that came with these interpretations of the past, untenable. Following such breaks, communities must reconstruct the past into new narratives. Arendt's unexpected early support for European integration—despite its supranational, technocratic, and economistic qualities—is an example of how memory can function as a resource for political transformation in the aftermath of historical ruptures.


As their numbers at university grow, we need to gain a better understanding of the different ways in which working-class students negotiate their potential outsider status in what is often considered an essential middle-class institution. Based on data from a four-year longitudinal, qualitative study of working-class students at a Canadian university, I argue that their acceptance of the ends and means of both the academic and social demands of university contributes to the development of different student roles, which in turn affects their likelihood to succeed academically. Drawing on works by Bourdieu and Bernstein, I present four case studies of students who lived through university committed, alienated or in transition toward either commitment or alienation. I show that despite similar working-class backgrounds, study participants' reaction to university was anything but predictable. Instead, prior socialization, clear and realistic career goals, and chance encounters at university played an important role in their approach to university life.


Our instructions for authors request that you should set the level of your type I and type II errors when appropriate. "P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant" appears in nearly all JMRI article Methods sections. In practice, most JMRI authors choose a type I error of 0.05, and then have a variation of "there was no significant difference" or "there was a difference between groups (P < 0.05)" later in the Results. Statistical significance has been a contentious issue for decades, largely with its use as the measure of evidence against the null hypothesis, and as editors we should be on guard for the ready misinterpretation. Responsible interpretation of statistical evidence requires context, and simple statements on statistical significance should not be accepted in isolation. Despite the ubiquity of P-values in the biomedical literature, statisticians and journal editors have questioned its common usage. The recent statement by the American Statistical Association attempted to clarify the purpose and limitations of the P-value, and we encourage JMRI readers to familiarize themselves with that material; we provide some context below. Figure 1 shows several scenarios from a simple study comparing an outcome across two groups using a t-test. These scenarios highlight that claiming statistical significance in isolation is inadequate. The formal definition of the P-value of 0.04 from Scenario A is that under the assumption of the null hypothesis (that there truly is no difference between groups), 4% of repeated studies would result in a t-statistic as large as or larger than 2. What is confusing is that the P-value does not refer just to the mean group difference of –2.6 (although that is how most would interpret it), but also reflects the standard error of 1.3 (which is driven by sample size). This confounding of the P-value is why a smaller P-value can be associated with a smaller, less important, group difference (eg, Scenario B vs. C). The null hypothesis is part of the definition and that is why we should not interpret the P-value as the overall chance of random findings. Scenarios A and D have conflicting interpretations, although both have the same two-sided P-value. Scenarios B–D are statistically significant, with similar P-values, but these are not necessarily interpreted the same way, because D suggests a larger group difference than B, albeit with a wider confidence interval. Confidence intervals are not free of misuse. Construed loosely they suggest a range of results for interpretation; however, the 95% does not imply a useful probability. Familiarity with the literature on P-value functions demonstrates that there is no meaningful demarcation of values just to the left or just to the right of arbitrary cutoffs. Values outside the 95% interval are not incompatible with values inside the interval. The result is statistically significant in Scenario D and not in F, and the lower confidence limits of Scenarios D and F are on opposite sides of the null value of zero. Looking at the entire confidence intervals, however, these results are practically the same. The reasonable interpretations of D, E, and F are that they indicate equivalent evidence. The nonstatistically significant finding in F (P > 0.05) does not prove, let alone lend strong support, for there being no true group difference. To provide reasonable support, the lower and upper confidence limits would have to straddle zero and both be close to zero, with assurances about the absence of bias in the study. The entire interval in Scenario F is mostly suggestive of a positive group difference, despite not being statistically significant. The use of confidence intervals in this way highlights both the arbitrary nature of 0.05 and why some authors unfortunately use phrases such as "approaching statistical significance," "a trend towards," or "borderline" (eg, Scenario E). The interpretation of results from statistical testing should be tied to clinical importance, because P < 0.05 offers little insight on its own. For example, a difference of 2 degrees in kyphosis following treatment may be statistically significant in a large study but is unlikely to be of any clinical import, whereas a difference of 2 for K would be enormous, even if not statistically significant. Probability statements with exact P-values (eg, "P 5 0.04 means a 4% chance the result is due to random chance") should be considered incorrect, although more subtle interpretations are possible from a Bayesian framework, while being mindful of strong background assumptions. Results, especially from something as simple as a ttest, should be considered with alternative interpretations in mind; for example, a low P-value could indicate a real group difference, but it might also occur when the statistical model is not ideal, or there is bias from selective participation and recruitment, or bias from unaddressed confounding, or bias from measurement errors. The P-value itself is silent as to which of the above is most likely. That a single statistic can provide a proof of truth is attractive but wrong. P-values do not provide a shorthand for verity. For the toil, time, and money invested in our research studies, discussion of results demands thoughtful context. Providing insightful interpretation in the Discussion section is a necessary accompaniment for any meaningful


In this paper, the performance of a distributed intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-aided communication system is investigated. To this end, the optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achievable through the direct and reflected channels is quantified by controlling the phase-shifts of the distributed IRS. This optimal SNR is statistically characterized by deriving tight approximations to the exact probability density function and cumulative distribution function for Nakagami-$m$ fading. Thereby, the outage probability and achievable rate bounds are derived in closed-form, and they are validated via Monte-Carlo simulations. Our numerical results reveal that the distributed IRS-aided communication set-ups can boost the outage and rate performance of wireless systems.


With the development of the society, the new method of payment is emerging. Because Commercial prepaid card has adapted to the development of information technology and the objective need of market innovation about micropayments service, it is becoming a new means of payment. In real life, there are more and more disputes between merchants and consumers which are caused by the prepaid card contract. The clear requirements of both parties' rights and obligations about the prepaid card contract have become more and more urgent. This paper mainly adopts the methods of empirical investigation and comparative analysis. By comparing the internatinal regulation of commercial prepaid card, we investigate the contract practice of commercial prepaid card in real life and explore the issues about contract law of the commercial prepaid card.


This paper seeks to investigate the potential of video games – particularly indie games – as a medium that can provide affective cognitive experiences towards the player/interactive agent constitutive elements and working dynamics; experiences that until recently were restricted to other media, such as literature, film and visual arts. In order to develop its arguments, this work will dialogue with a myriad of authors, from fields such as game studies, interactive media, cognitive science and communication.


Geostationary communications satellites relaying television pictures around the world have now become an accepted part of everyday life. The present type of system uses low power satellites in orbit transmitting to large earth receiving stations, the signal then being reformed and transmitted onward to the domestic television set through the existing network of ground transmission and repeater stations. It must be remembered that these existing satellites are primarily telephone links and that the ground receiving stations are operated by the national post office or telephone company who let circuits to the television companies. This system is viable where a network of repeater stations exists, but in very remote and mountainous areas the cost of providing enough repeater stations is prohibitive.


Abstract : Surface Raman spectra of a silver electrode contacting with an acidic solution containing triethylenediamine (DABCO) and sodium iodide showed some new Raman peaks, which were neither the peaks of dissolved DABCO species nor of iodide. These were ascribed to diprotonated DABCO polyiodide crystal, formed and attached onto the laser-irradiated site of the silver electrode. Several facts implied that laser illumination used for the Raman measurement promoted the growth of the crystal; the possibility of photoinduced electrochemical crystal formation was suggested. The mechanisms for this local crystal growth of diprotonated DABCO polyiodide on the silver electrode was examined, as to its dependence upon the solution composition and applied potential. Keywords: Laser-induced crystal growth.


The IEEE 34-node radial test feeder is a benchmark circuit for validating results from existing and novel load-flow algorithms. This paper discusses the addition of overcurrent protection (OCP) to the test feeder using off-the-shelf protective devices. The OCP scheme includes a recloser near the substation and fuses at the laterals. These OCP devices represent the conventional types present in most distribution systems. DIgSILENT Power Factory 13.1 was used to conduct the load-flow analysis, customize the OCP devices, and perform overcurrent protection studies on the test feeder. Recloser-fuse and fuse-fuse coordination tests were conducted. Results from the coordination studies showed that the assigned OCP devices provided adequate trip coordination for all fault types on the test feeder. The short-circuit results and overcurrent protective device data provided in this paper may serve as an extension to the test feeder's existing load-flow data.


Introduction. The article addresses issues related to the thermal interaction of sewage pipelines (with complete and incomplete filling) with soils characterized by deep seasonal freezing up to three or more meters in areas with severe climate. Sewage pipelines represent one of the main elements of the water disposal system, determining its reliability and efficiency. To reduce the costs for the construction of sewage pipelines, it is proposed to reduce the depth of pipe laying, i.e. to lay pipelines in a layer of frozen soil. The conducted experimental studies of the interaction between a pipeline and frozen soil revealed conditions under which it is possible to lay pipes in a layer of frozen soil. Methods. The purpose of this study was to determine experimentally the size of the talik around a pipeline laid in frozen soil, with heated water passing through, with the pipeline filling of 0.5 where the water flow covered the full cross-section. To determine the size of the talik, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out. The paper provides a description of the corresponding experimental setup. Results. The authors present results of the laboratory experiments aimed to determine the size of the talik around a pipeline operating with different degrees of filling. They established that in a pipeline where the water flow covers full cross-section, the contours of thawed soil are close to a circumference; in a pipeline with the filling h/d = 0,5, the talik is egg-shaped. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the talik sizes obtained experimentally and by calculations, the actual talik sizes exceed the calculated values by 10–16%.


The main aim of this short communication is to consider the general fractional properties of gravitational field based on the modified generalized Kim-Srivastava left-sided Erdelyi-Kober fractional integral approach that is generated by a fractal distribution of particles. We found that the gravitational field force could be modified at large distances without the presence of extra-dimensions or any source of dark energy.


ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to investigate hospitality managers' perceptions of the skills and knowledge of hospitality students and compare them to U.S. hospitality management undergraduate curricula. The responses of 206 surveyed managers who rated the importance of 19 skill/knowledge items were used for the analysis. To identify program skill/knowledge sets, we selected curricula from 20 leading U.S. hospitality programs and compared them to the survey results. The curriculum inquiry indicated that all programs primarily focused on teaching professional skills for various hospitality concentrations. The results suggest that the emphasis on essential competencies of communication skills and higher learning skills such as critical thinking and problem solving should remain. The current study developed a model summarizing the type of skills/knowledge that are needed from hospitality students to meet the needs of entry-level management. The content analysis results fill the gap between the hospitality education and industry on curriculum and industry requirements.


This paper aims to determine the function of village legislative at post-reform. Based on historical data as well as critical analyzes of UU No. 22/1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, UU No. 32/2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, and UU No. 6/2014 tentang Desa, it can be concluded that the function of village legislative at post-reform is ups and downs. BPD 1999 has such a dominant function, so that the village government is unbalanced. The function of BPD 2004 is stripped down, so that the village executive can run his will without any supervision. The BPD 2014 is equipped with control function, so that the expected mechanism of checks and balances in village governance can be realized. Thus, it can be said that the function of BPD 1999 is dominant, the function of BPD 2004 decreased, while the function of BPD 2014 is placed in a matched.


In this paper we discuss the role of certain features observed in physical tasks used to measure the knowledge growth. The model we used was the model of knowledge growth by repetition. We present several experiments aimed at measuring of physical tasks difficulty. By the analysis of these experimental results we will attempt to describe the influence of both the number and nature of the features on the progress of individual learning curves. We explore the change of learning curve caused by the change of the number of observed features during the experiment, the shape of the learning curve in the case of increasing number of features in tasks, and evaluation of learning curves of tasks, where more features simultaneously were observed.


This essay provides a case study of the speech that marks Aung San Suu Kyi's emergence as a leader of the pro-democracy opposition in Burma. I trace how she weaves together collective memory and an ethic of care to achieve political ascendancy and to create a space for nonviolent democratic revolution. The study contributes to progressive care theorizing by examining the construction of a care ethic in an authoritarian regime in the midst of revolution.


communications internationales 2012 Lister vos communications internationales (en donnant l'URL) communications internationales 2012 1 H. Zeroug, T. Leulmi, M.M Lograda, and N. Tadrist, "Design and Development of IGBT Resonant Inverters for Domestic Induction Heating Applications", article publiee dans proceeding PEMD2012, March-April 2012. Bristol, UK. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org 2 Kenza BOUHOUNE, Krim YAZID (...)


Empowerment of women and girls is firmly on the political agenda in many countries around the world, including the UAE. This paper evaluates public policy to date with a focus on the extent to which historical and cultural factors have helped or hindered progress towards gender equality, and how contemporary influences are serving to advance or impede its progress. It begins with a review of the various composite indicators used for international comparisons and the risks of over-reliance on a single index number as a 'catch-all' measure of gender equality. This leads into a comparative case study analysis of the journey of the UAE alongside that of Rwanda, one of the highest-ranking countries in the world for gender equality. The main contribution of the paper is to propose six guiding principles for evaluation of public policy on gender equality that are consistent with the promotion of a sustainable society.


Although power differentials are commonly believed to be central to sexual harassment experiences, prior empirical investigations have found no clear association between a perpetrator's organizational status (as an index of his power) and perceptions by the victim that the perpetrator's behavior constitutes sexual harassment. A model to explain this pattern as the result of two opposing mediators is forwarded and tested. Specifically, it was found that a harasser's organizational status affects perceptions of his power, which increase a victim's perceptions that the perpetrator's behavior is harassing; however, it also was found that a harasser's organizational status simultaneously affects perceptions of his social dominance, which decrease perceptions that his behavior is harassing. Thus, these mediators cancel each other, yielding a null finding when their effects are ignored. This finding supports both sociocultural and evolutionary models of sexual harassment perceptions and suggests that each can contribute to an understanding of sexual harassment experiences.


Governance should extend out from the board in three directions: conformance, performance, and rapport (CPR). These three dimensions are a necessary part of good governance because governance, properly construed, cannot be just about mitigating risks, about avoiding the pain of lack of compliance with regulatory authorities (conformance). No business would survive that had as its sole governance focus the avoidance of risk and pain. What all businesses must do is go towards gain (performance) in financial and other relevant dimensions, while conducting itself in such a way that good relations (rapport) are maintained with relevant stakeholders. The three-part CPR framework of governance applies to all parts of the corporation, because corporate departments—finance, manufacturing, marketing, sales, engineering, Information Services, etc.—must conform to relevant regulatory authorities and perform financially and in other ways, and do so in a way that maintains rapport with relevant stakeholders. The CPR framework for governance highlights the importance of employing robust governance mechanisms. This article addresses a few such mechanisms—the balanced scorecard (BSC), CobiT (control objectives for information and related technology), and ITIL® (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)— to illustrate how one might employ them to contribute to the implementation of the three dimensions of governance. The case of the information technology (IT) function and IT governance is used to further illustrate how the CPR framework can be employed. In so doing, we hope to extend Schumann and Chinoy's August 2004 Directors Monthly article on IT governance.


We reported a broadband terahertz (THz) plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) phenomenon owing to asymmetric coupling in between the bright-and-dark resonators in meta-molecules (MMs). Each MM contains a cut-wire resonator and a couple of identical size and gap opposite-directed U-shaped resonators in mirror symmetry. An upside displacement of cut-wire induces an asymmetric deviation of cut-wire away from the X-axis in the MMs. Then, the PIT effect occurs due to the asymmetric coupling of dark resonators. The width of the transparency window extends monotonically with the deviation increasing. A picosecond-scale group delay of the THz wave is found at the transparent windows. The distribution of surface currents and electric energy reveals that the asymmetric coupling between cut-wire and U-shaped resonators results in an energy transfer from surface plasmon (SP) oscillations to the inductive-capacitive (LC) oscillation due to the local symmetry breaking in structures of MMs. A couple of counteract SPs cause the transparency window, while the LC resonance gives rise to the side modes in the THz frequency spectrum. Furthermore, the LC oscillations of side modes take place in between the cut-wire and the local area of the U-shaped resonators, which leads to a magnetic dipole momentum. The displacement of cut-wire leads to an asymmetric distribution of magnetic momentum in MMs, which extends the width of the transparency window. Our experimental findings present a new approach to develop broadband slow-light devices in the THz frequency range.


For universal usage of Internet and Chinese enry into WTO that challenges our periodicals,our perioclicalers have to realise themselves predicaments and missions so that they can make good preparations in culture in dependence,public opinion independence as well as in periodical market nurture,periodical industry development.Meanwhile they can make good preparations in periodical development in defferent forms united with digitalization.


At this stage of the manifestation of irregular warfare conflicts becomes porous, bottom to top and back. The security of states depends on a weak shield vulnerable to unforeseen terrorist actions. This will not come labeled by a single identity but multiplied their masks, may be a timid bystander who walks the streets at noon sweater dress with a teacher dressed and slow. The security policy imposes severe restrictions on basic freedoms, including perhaps most importantly, individual privacy or family.


Abstract Numerical simulations of upstream propagating disturbances generated through the interaction of an inviscid, nearly two-layer flow past a two-dimensional obstacle are discussed. The experimental configuration is an appropriate one for flow past ice keels–the inverted ridges of submerged ice found in frozen seas. In the first series of simulations, a steady inflow is specified and properties of upstream propagating bores are compared with the predictions of hydrostatic theory. While the comparison shows a generally good agreement with theory, a dependence of the response an the height-to-width aspect ratio of the obstacle is identified. For obstacles with relatively large aspect ratios, bore amplitudes and propagation speed are overestimated by the theory as the Froude number becomes large. Conversely, bore amplitudes are slightly underestimated for obstacles with small aspect ratios. In a second series of simulations, flow past the obstacle is modulated at the M2 frequency over one-half tidal cyc...


The child-friendly district policy is introduced as an example of dedication to the fulfillment of children's rights because children are seen as a sign of optimism for the nation's future and are considered to attract positive attention, so they must be protected and their rights fulfilled. In this study, the objectives to be achieved are to analyze and describe the implementation of Banyuwangi regional regulation number 7 of 2018 concerning the implementation of child-friendly districts, especially the fulfillment of children's rights in the special protection cluster in the Banyuwangi Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method based on Tachjan's thinking. The results of this study indicate that the implementing agent: The Banyuwangi Regency Government has implemented the child-friendly district policy, especially in the case of special protection. Although in general, the implementation of the implementor is good, on the other hand, the commitment and responsiveness of several related institutions still need to be maximized. On the program aspect: various programs have been provided by the Banyuwangi Regency Regional Government as a forum to support the design to implementation, to support these programs, there is a budget, Human Resources (HR), and facilities for the community have been cooperated by the Banyuwangi Regency Regional Government. In the target group aspect: the community has responded well to this policy and has participated. However, some still do not care and do not understand the existence of this policy, which causes them to tend to be less active. Based on this, communication in the form of socialization with the community needs to be maximized.


"Alle bise clerkes", quod I Po, "Pat [o]n crist leuen Seyen in hir Sermons )at neiter Sarsens ne lewes Ne no creature of cristes liknesse withouten cristendom woro saued." "Contra!" quod Ymaginatif Poo and comsed to loure, 280 And seide, "Saluabitur vix lustus in die ludicij; Ergo saluabitur", quod he and seide na moore latyn. "Troianus was a trewe knyght and took neuere cristendom And he is saaf, sei4 be book, and his soule in heuene. [Ac] Per is fullynge of Font and fullynge in blood shedyng 285 And Poru3 fir is fullyng, and )at is ferme bileue: Aduenit ignis diuinus non comburens set illuminans c For Deus dicitur quasi dans [eternam vitam] suis, hoc est fidelibus; Et alibi, si ambulauero in medio vmbre mortis. The glose grauntep vpon Pat vers a greet mede to truPe." [Piers Plowman B 12.277-94]


The development of a balloon-borne buoy based measu r ment system which aims to find a more cost effective method to be able to characte rize offshore winds is assessed. The buoy measurements taken are compared to meteorological t ower and Galion lidar data. Data were collected from several field studies located in Iow a, New Mexico, and Texas throughout 2013 and 2014. A look at balloon-borne buoy based wind measurement system that were developed and used in this study will be explained. Findings show that wind speeds correlate well, while wind directions did not correlate as well. An algo rithm developed to verify the heights at which the modules were flying at through use of the hypso metric equation will be examined. Spectral analysis is used on data taken during the February 10 field study in the Gulf of Mexico. The study provides an encouraging outlook on assessing offshore winds moving forward, by displaying the ability for the system to operate au tonomously for a brief period of time in the Gulf.


When working out, it is necessary to perform the same action many times for it to have effect. If the action, such as squats or bench pressing, is performed with poor form, it can lead to serious injuries in the long term. For this purpose, we present an action dataset of squats where different types of poor form have been annotated with a diversity of users and backgrounds, and propose a model, based on temporal distance matrices, for the classification task. We first run a 3D pose detector, then we normalize the pose and compute the distance matrix, in which each element represents the distance between two joints. This representation is invariant to differences in individuals, global translation, and global rotation, allowing for high generalization to real world data. Our classification model consists of a CNN with 1D convolutions. Results show that our method significantly outperforms existing approaches for the task.


The space rotation invariance hypothesis is examined. The basic space-time properties and the physical object description from this point of view are considered. An $\omega$-invariance as an approximation of the space rotation invariance hypothesis is introduced. It is shown that on frames of the $\omega$-invariance it is possible to describe the ``wave'' properties of elementary particles and to get the basic quantum mechanics equations, such as Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations. The correlation between the space rotation objects and models of the elementary particles, quarks and even nuclei is found. The problems of metrics and gravitation from the space rotation invariance point of view are discussed. The introduced hypothesis may be a foundation of the theory of the Unification.


Electron diffraction and resistance methods are used to study the recrystallization process in nickel films. Recovery process, initial, and secondary recrystallization are observed in films in annealing. Unlike bulk deformed materials the distortions in films are produced in the process of their evaporation. The duration and sequence of stages of recrystallization are determined by the temperature of substrate in obtaining films and by the temperature of subsequent annealing. At temperatures of substrate above 150°C the reflexes due to recrystallized grains are observed just after evaporation of films. Temperature intervals of initial and secondary recrystallization of nickel films are calculated at temperatures of substrate equal to 130°C and 200°C.

Correlation between the width of diffraction line, depending on the degree of lattice distortions, electrical resistance, measured at temperature of annealing and the number of recrystallized grains is noted. For reasons given it can be concluded that electron scattering in films takes place in lattice distortions in the crystallite and in their boundaries.

The results obtained are of great interest in choosing optimum conditions for preparing films with given characteristics.

[Russian Text Ignored].


A newly isolated moderate thermophilic strain 1-7 producing alkaline and thermostable lipase previously was identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, which was isolated from the soil collected from bay of Bohai in China. The lipase showed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and high thermostability. The lipase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 1-7 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The molecular mass (Mr) of the lipase was estimated to be 30 kDa using SDS-PAGE.


The puzzle of Feldstein and Horioka (1980) stems from the early eighties: the authors identified the correlation between a country's savings-to-GDP and investment-to-GDP ratio as a measure of international capital mobility. By using a cross-section analysis they concluded that the long-awaited capital mobility was not significantly present. The puzzle rose from the fact that the seminal article inspired a vast amount of literature with different research methods and data samples, but without a real wide consensus. We argue that the last 30 years brought a dramatic change in capital mobility as trade liberalization and information technology leaped forward, and it's this evolution which may have caused the mixed research results in the literature. We therefore suggest using time varying parameter (TVP) models which allow us to control on the structural change which possibly took place during the second half of the last century.In the literature there are more suggested ways for identifying a TVP model on the savings-investment puzzle - we try to estimate all of them and also have a new own idea to try out. When taking the time dimension of savings and investment data into account, the Feldstein-Horioka question can be interpreted simply as a cointegration problem between the two variables. One TVP method naturally arises: let's make directly the elements of the cointegrating equation (CE) time-varying (as used in Arisoy, 2010). Another, maybe more sophisticated solution is to have a constant CE but make the error correction term (ECT) time varying (as in Papapetrou, 2006). Both share the feature that they do not connect the estimations on different countries. Our idea is to build a model which identifies a common component in the degree of capital mobility among the analysed countries, and thus it will be estimated on all countries at once. In all cases we use latent variable state-space model setups and estimate them with the Kalman Filter and Maximum Likelihood which also gives us confidence intervals to the estimated sequences.Our hypothesis is that the degree of capital mobility has risen significantly in the last 50 years, possibly with an acceleration around the turn of the century. However, because of a high dispersion among specific countries, we expect this result to hold only on averages.


Mathematical formulations and numerical solution techniques are presented for the uniform torsional and constrained warping stress analyses of a composite and anisotropic circularly curved structural member. The cross-sectional geometry can be arbitrary. The formulations are based on the theory of elasticity using both stress function and displacement (warping) function approaches. Numerical results are obtained with the finite element method.


The basic operational parameters of a simplified Pico hydropower system were investigated using five locally fabricated turbines with 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 splined blades in conjunction with a vertical penstock of diameter 0.0762 m and nozzle of diameters 0.0158, 0.0212, 0.0266, 0.0343 and 0.042 m. Water from an overhead reservoir 6.95 m high was discharged through the penstock to the turbines one after the other and recycled to the overhead reservoir using a 1.11 kW pump. For the on-load tests, a 3.9 kVA generator was linked to the system by a 6:1 pulley ratio belt drive. The mean rotational speeds of the shafts of each turbine and generator, volume of water displaced in the reservoirs and electrical quantities were measured for each nozzle diameter, while the shaft power, flow rate and efficiency were then computed. Dimensionless flow, head and power coefficients, and specific speed were computed and a functional characteristic relating them developed. The turbine with 11 blades developed a maximum voltage of 238 V with the largest nozzle diameter and a minimum voltage of 2.3 V with the smallest. The corresponding estimated power output computed using the manufacturer's specification on the generator were 1765.96 W and 7.613 mW respectively. The mean maximum and minimum efficiencies based on the estimated power output were 0.8797 and 0.0007 respectively. This basically indicates that the larger nozzle diameters combined with the higher number spline blades favour good operation of the system. These show that the system has the potential of being a simple, environmentally friendly and decentralized small power generation system that could potentially contribute to the improvement of the Nigerian energy crisis.


This paper presents an argument for performing economic conductor analysis during utility planning, and presents an approach to developing relatively simple software which can be used to efficiently evaluate alternative conductor sizes and construction types for new or rebuilt lines including a no action alternative. The paper will describe how multiple variable inputs into the software will allow for alternatives to have different initial costs, variations in future operation and maintenance expenses and different levels of future loss costs. The body of the paper will describe how such a tool can allow an end user to quickly and efficiently evaluate different conductor sizes, changes in number of phases, different types of line construction (i.e., underground versus overhead) as well as evaluating "what if" cases using different purchased power cost and maintenance escalation rates. It will also discuss how a user might choose to report the results using a simplified single result, matrix or visual comparison. The paper will conclude by illustrating how this or similar types of software can expedite complex engineering and economic evaluations to assist management in making decisions regarding system improvements.


The strategy theory is the prime part of Sun Tzu's theory. In this work, with the analysis of its concept establishment, its strategic target, its strategic plan, its strategy of complete victory and its military strategy, the strategy idea of Sun Tzu was proved to be extensive and profound. And the strategy theory of Sun Tzu has great influence on contemporary strategy research.


Mobile media applications are on the rise due to the explosive popularity of mobile devices. Advances in mobile media cloud (MMC) make it a promising solution to serve those huge multimedia applica...


The rivalry between Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, the U.S. scientists who each developed an efficient polio vaccine, is legendary. In a Science & Society Essay, [Blume and Geesink,][1]. examine the pressures that prompted the United States to switch from the Salk inactivated polio vaccine to the Sabin live-attenuated oral vaccine in the 1960s. This move was followed by most of the world but not by the Netherlands, where exclusive production of the Salk vaccine was continued and, indeed, improved upon. The points the authors raise are particularly pertinent because the year 2000 sees the United States switching back to immunizing children with the Salk vaccine.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5471/1593


The reviews for this issue include a seminar as well as th e standa rd book commentaries. In addition, the reviews were written by people other than the book review editor — a practice which calls for involvement from SIGBDP members . Any member who has read material related to SI G activities is welcome to send us their views , for publication. With the multitude of professional seminars available an d attended by members, I would hope that, as professionals , we could share the general results with each other. In th e same p lanner; I am open to suggestions on improving thi s column and any ideas for enhancing our profession among collegues. Send your ideas, suggestions, and material to : At a time when the application development backlo g within many corporations ranges from two to seven years , when users are beginning to experiment with applicatio n development tools and personal computers, and when th e data processing organization is seeking new, innovativ e methods for designing systems, a comprehensive text i n systems analysis and design is essential background for bot h the manager and the systems analyst. James Wetherbe's text, Systems Analysis and Design, provides an excellen t introduction to systems analysis and design, to the information systems organization, and to the issues of constructing management decision support systems. After introductory material on the nature of systems , informations, and organizational processes which are fundamental concepts for an understanding of systems analysi s and design, Wetherbe focuses on the practical process o f systems development, including problem definition, analysis , design, and implementation. Within the systems analysi s section, he includes techniques such as Critical Success Factors and Business Systems Planning which link the manag-er's goals with information requirements. These framework s relate the concerns of the manager — how to control production , how to market new products, and how to monito r project costs to information systems requirements. I n essence, these approaches make sure that the right system s are being built. Wetherbe's description of structured tools and technique s for systems analysis and design focuses on another impor


Due to the increasing number of catastrophic floods around the world, creation of an effective system to protect against natural disasters became particularly relevant. The paper investigates introduction of the basalt fiber to reinforce the composite sheet piles. Influence of the reinforcing fiber interlacing type on the nature of plastics destruction was established. Results of the work prove that basalt plastic (BP) exhibits higher climatic resistance than the fiberglass plastic (FGP). After post-curing, strength characteristics relative to the second year were decreasing by 15% with BP and by 22% with FGP in extension, and the strength limit in bending was decreasing by 12% with BP and by 47% with FGP. It was experimentally shown that under a long-term stationary thermal and humidity effect of 23°C/68RH, diffusion was observed on the basalt and fiberglass plastics consisting of two stages. The first stage had a satisfactory statistical error and was adequately approximated by the Fick's diffusion model and the relaxation model. The second stage had an unsatisfactory statistical error for approximation and was of the spasmodic nature, while the jump in FGP was the largest indicating that the FGP was more susceptible to destruction exposed to the influence of long-term temperature and humidity regime of 23○С/68 RH, than the BP.


Among socio-economic, technological and managerial reasons, ineffective transfer of farm technology is important causal factors for poor performance of agriculture. Transfer of technology has been the major obstacle in achieving the targets in past. Present study deals with level of adoption of modern agricultural technology, access and quality of modern technology, outreach of agricultural extension institutions and problems faced by extension officials in transfer of farm technology in Bihar. Study is based on primary data obtained through survey of farm households, agricultural scientists and extension officers in Bihar. Study revealed the coverage of agricultural development programmes limited to few villages, and line departments still dominating technology transfer arena. Institutions like ATMA and KVK were limited to few activities only. Adoption level of artificial insemination is comparatively high due to active participation of co-operatives and private sector, but less than one fourth of farmers could adopt advanced horticulture and modern crop seeds in Bihar. Small size of land holding and fragmented land emerged as main constraint to adoption of modern horticultural technology in Bihar. While analyzing use of modern varieties of principal crops, comparatively high level of adoption on small and medium farms was observed. Dissemination of information about modern agricultural development projects/ schemes is a necessary factor for adoption of modern technology. ATMA and KVK have performed better in dissemination of the information, however, inadequate staff, infrequent supervision and lack of conveyance facility are most important constraints faced in transfer of technology in Bihar.


Bladder cancer is well known to preferentially afflict men. However, women are significantly more likely to die of the disease even when corrected for stage, tumor characteristics, and age. Although delays due to misdiagnoses and late urology referrals can certainly result in more advanced disease at the time of presentation and subsequent worse outcomes, the survival fissure among the sexes appears to be most apparent in patients with stage IV disease. In this issue of Cancer, Rose and colleagues highlighted concerning disparities in bladder cancer treatment and outcomes between the sexes. Citing little evidence in the literature to explain these varied survival outcomes even when matched for stage, Rose et al hypothesized that the lower use of chemotherapy in women was responsible for the survival gap. Indeed, with analysis of close to 24,000 patients with stage IV bladder cancer identified in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), the authors found that women were significantly less likely to receive systemic chemotherapy than men (45% vs 52%; adjusted relative risk, 0.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-0.94]). In addition, their median overall survival was nearly 2 months lower (8 months vs 9.8 months; P<.001), which is a significant difference for patients who on average survive <1 year after the diagnosis of metastatic disease. However, when Rose et al controlled for the different rates of systemic chemotherapy, the higher risk of death in women persisted (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.15]), suggesting additional contributors to the outcomes gap between the sexes. Beyond their primary focus of sex disparities, there were noteworthy differences across the cohort in that, similar to women, being black, poor, and less educated correlated with receipt of less chemotherapy and a higher risk of death (Table 1). Throughout the literature, a host of precipitating factors have been proposed to account for these variable outcomes between men and women with bladder cancer. These include differences in tumor biology; sex hormones; genetics or epigenetic regulation; pharmacokinetics; metabolism; carcinogen exposure; or societal factors such as undertreatment related to access, patient preferences, or, most concerning, physician biases. Retrospective analyses are fraught with uncontrolled variables that can impact outcomes. Although useful for questions that cannot be answered prospectively, databases such as the NCDB or Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) lack a level of fine detail with regard to the nuances of the personal choice of the patient or physician bias, specific chemotherapy type and dose, and direct functional status. Rose et al argued that sex is not prognostic in clinical trial populations, which supports disparities in treatment access or application in the less controlled, real-world setting as a possible explanation for the observed differences. Access to care and degree of informed care is a recognized issue that can lead to bias. For example, the low uptake of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which has been proven to enhance survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, underscores this issue. Similarly, in other solid tumors such as colon cancer, geographical barriers such as distance from the treatment facility significantly impact the likelihood of receiving optimal adjuvant chemotherapy. The measure of chemotherapy used in the study by Rose et al was a relatively blunt instrument. The authors adjusted for the receipt of "any" chemotherapy but could not account for quality or quantity, which could have


Background Water displacement is considered to be the gold standard for measuring foot volume; however, it is time-consuming and infrequently used in clinical practice. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a home-made water displacement device is a reliable and time-efficient method for determining foot volume. Methods Thirty participants with no foot pathologies were enrolled and had their foot volume measured in two home-made water volumetry devices (Preski and PreskiLite). The participants' foot volumes were measured on two occasions on each of two different days. Results All measurements were achieved in less than 90 seconds. Within-day reliability was high (intraclass correlation [ICC]=0.997–0.999) with the minimal detectable change (MDC) at the 90% confidence level (MDC90) of less than 25 ml for both devices. Mean differences in volume displaced between days were small (range 0.6– -5.4 mls). For between-day measures on the same leg, the mean coefficient of variation ranged from 0.6...


The purpose of this study was to determine: anatomy character (density, length, and width of stomata), chlorophyll content index, and alkaloids content of plant cashew leaves ( Anacardium occidentale L.) planted on gold post-mining soil Bombana with variation dose of cow manure. The experimental research use completely randomized design with four treatments, namely without cow manure (S 0 ), and treatment of cow manure 100g 10kg -1 soil (S 1 ), 125g 10kg -1 soil (S 2 ), and 150g 10kg -1 soil (S 3 )  in repeated 3 times. Anatomy of leaves Cashew plant parameters observed were the levels of density stomata, length stomata, width stomata, and the physiology were chlorophyll content index and alkaloids content. Test data using Anova and continued with LSD (density stomata), and BJND (chlorophyll content index) level of 95%. The results showed that cow manure of the treatments S 3 gives the highest value of density stomata (16,98 mm 2 ), length stomata (122, 24 µm), width stomata (109, 97 µm) and chlorophyll content index is (42,81 CCI) while on treatments alkaloids content highest S 0 is (0,005 g). Cow Manure is significantly influence of stomata density  and chlorophyll content index, but no significant effect on the stomata length, stomata width and alkaloids content. Keywords : Stomata, Chlorophyll Content Index , Alkaloids Content, Cow Manure, Plant Cashew  Gold Post-Mining Soil .


This introductory article outlines the importance of the subject discussed in this edition of UNISA's Latin American Report, the Group of 77+ China. It seeks to locate this discussion at the centre of the search for an alternative world to one that remains haunted by colonial legacies and new imperial designs. It makes the point that the G77 is born into an evolving pursuit of a dream for a world in which former colonies realise fully their aspirations for a future that is good for all. It shows that the G77 has played a crucial role in this, while it also poses questions about the Group's ability to implement what it works so hard to reach consensus on.


Using technology of remote sensing and geographical information system,the paper analyzed four remote sensing images of Tetraena mongolica distribution area in different periods(1977,1990,2000,2005)to study the dynamic changes of landscape composition in the study area.Through some substitutive indexes of climate fluctuation and human activities,the paper analyzed the variation characteristic of driving factors on landscape dynamics at time scale.On this basis,the method of Principal Component was applied to analyze the influence and the contribution rate of different factors to landscape dynamics of T.mongolica's habitats.The results showed that the landscape composition of T.mongolica's habitat has been changed largely and the population inhabited area of T.mongolica has been decreasing while farmland,urban and industrial land,desertified land and else vegetations increased largely.The temperature,the mean wind velocity and the gale days had a process of rising continuously while the precipitation in the distribution region of T.mongolica had a process of reducing from the 1980s.The disadvantageous change of climate had a disadvantageous impact on T.mongolica's growth and reproduction.Meanwhile,with population growth,industrial development and rapid urbanization,the survival entironment of T.mongolica becomes more serious.There were consanguineous relationship between the dynamic changes of landscape composition and the trend of drought and human activities.From the contribution of the information of Principal Components,the contribution rate of human activities was 55.66%,and that of natural factors was 44.34%.Therefore,human activities were the main reasons for the decrease of T.mongolica population area and the changes of landscape structure in its habitat.


By using of the novel self-inoculation preparation method of the semi-solid slurry of AZ91D alloy,the rheo-diecasting process of AZ91D semi-solid slurry was investigated and the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry and die castings was analyzed.The results indicate that semi-solid slurry with much finer and uniformer primary phases is gained by the method,and the average diameter of the grains is 70.4 μm.No entrapped liquid is found in the primary α(Mg) phase after the semi-solid slurry is held for a short time at the temperature of semi-solid range.The rheo-diecasting semi-solid castings with improved microstructure and good properties can be obtained when the pressurization reached 180 MPa,the injection speed is in 2-5 m/s and holding at 585 ℃ for 10 min.


Cloud computing provide services as a service, platform as a service, and software as a service. If the client needs the resource, get price list from each provider separately. So it will take long time to get resource.The cloud cache analysis the resource, which provider having that resource and find the price for the resource. Finally the cache gets the price list from all providers. The minimum price details send the order provider. The other provider checks the query and dynamically changes the price. Optimal pricing is achieved based scheme that adapts to time changes. This study proposes a novel price-demand model designed for a cloud cache and a dynamic pricing scheme for queries executed in the cloud cache. The pricing solution employs a novel method that estimates the correlations of the cache services in a time-efficient manner. The experimental study shows the efficiency of the solution.


Objective To study the method and effect of the skin adhesive-EPIGLU in the emergency treatment for otolaryngologieal trauma.Methods Skin adhesive-EPIGLU was applied to the nasofacial wounds of 80 cases.For 50 cases with deep wounds,the soft tissue was sutured with 5-0 absorbable suture before the application of EPIGLU.EPIGLU was applied to directly conglutinate the wounds in 30 cases with superficial wounds without suture.All the patients were followed up for 30 days and the concrescence of wounds was observed.Results Seventy-nine cases healed without any sequelae such as needle holes and scar formation. One case got keloid due to scar habitus two weeks after treatment.Conclusion Due to reliability and effectiveness in the emergency treatment for otolaryngological trauma,the use of tissue adhesive-EPIGLU is worthy of being popularized.


Sarcocystis is a cyst forming intracellular protozoa with an obligatory two-host life cycle. The prey-predator relationships may result in muscular sarcocystis in intermediate host and intestinal sarcocystis in definitive host. The study on the parasites was conducted in abattoirs in Perak with the aim to detect the existence of sarcocystis in small ruminant from the slaughtered carcasses by digestion method and histological examination. A total of 90 fresh muscle samples from 30 goats were randomly collected commencing from March to August 2016. The result shows 23.33% (7 out of 30) of the animals were positive with sarcocystis microcyst with 20.00% (6 out of 30) and 13.33% (4 out of 30) by digestion method and histological examination, respectively. Most of the positive samples were detected from the thigh muscles by both diagnostic techniques. Among the positive animals, 14.29% (1 out of 7) of the animals were heavily infected in which microcyst were detected in the heart, esophagus and thigh muscle samples. No sarcocystis macrocyst were detected upon observation. Even though sarcocystis in small ruminant in this study was reported less than quarter of the samples, the presence of the parasites could not be ignore as it may infect the carnivorous animals. Provide thoroughly cooked meat to the animals will reduce the potential infection of the disease.


During the winter quarter at RIT a group of professors implemented the initial Game Design course using ideas from Lee Sheldon's book "The Multiplayer Classroom". At the end of the course my students took a survey and provided direct feedback about how well they thought the course had gone. Overall, the students had a positive view of the experience, however they did provide some surprising observations on what needed to be changed and on what they felt were serious concerns. In addition, they also listed a number of good ideas for improving courses being done using this format. This paper will cover the main issues we encountered and a selection of the ideas students provided for improving this type of course format.


A Schiff base has been prepared by the condensation of 4amino -3,5-dimercapto, 1,2,4-triazole with 2,4-diaminobenzaldehyde. The ligand has been used for complexation with Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions. The complexes have been characterized by their elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, IR spectra and electronic spectra. The very low value of molar conductivity of complexes shows their non-electrolytic nature. The comparison of IR spectra of complexes with that of free ligand reveals that the ligand is coordinated through azomethine nitrogen and deprotonated thiol sulphur forming five membered heterochelates. The magnetic moment values and electronic spectral bands clearly indicate the octahedral geometry around metal ions in complexes


This paper proposes a new approach based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) relaxations to address the problem of H∞ output-feedback control for positive uncertain discrete-time linear systems. Compared with most of the existing robust control methods, that employ LMI conditions based on change of variables and impose structural constraints on the optimization variables to compute an output-feedback gain, the main novelty of the proposed technique is to deal directly with the control gain as an optimization variable through an iterative procedure. This innovative strategy is specially advantageous in the context of robust control for positive systems, since the positiveness of the closed-loop matrices can be assured without constraining other optimization variables. Therefore, robust H∞ static output- or state-feedback control design can be handled in a straightforward way. Moreover, structural constraints such as decentralization or bounded entries in the control gain, in general not treated by the existing methods, can also be considered. Some relaxation strategies and the feasibility of the initial conditions adopted in the iterative procedure are also discussed. The flexibility and advantages of the proposed approach are illustrated by means of numerical examples borrowed from the literature and in a problem motivated by a practical application.


The advent of microscopy provided an expressive progress on the knowledge of the biological world. Particularly important was the development of the electron microscopy at 1930s, making possible to find out a universe of unimaginable dimensions. Its great highlight is the much shorter wavelength of the electron that increases the resolution power of the equipment (Lee, 1993). Currently the electron microscopy is considered a specialized field of science (Bozzola and Russel, 1999). Although electron microscopy is useful to answer important questions about the ultrastructure of biological materials, it is also represent an additional tool that may be used as an ally in several research fields.


A technique is presented for salving the discrete version of the multidimensional Wiener-Hopf equation by spectral factorization. This equation is derived to establish a need for spectral factorization and to determine the requirements of the factors of the spectral matrix. The method of factoring the spectral matrix of continuous systems, developed by Davis, is then extended to discrete systems. More specifically, a matrix H(z) must be found such that the matrix of the spectra of the input signals equals the product of H(z^{-1}) and H^{T}(z) . A technique for finding this matrix is presented. The nonanticipatoriness as well as the stability of the elements of H(z) and H^{-1}(z) must be and is guaranteed. It is then shown that the solution to the discrete Wiener-Hopf equation is unique.