alberto–thomistic unity. Albert's proximity to the arts masters is for Flasch evidenced by the number of views he held that were later condemned in 1277 (85). Among those condemned, Flasch finds in Albert the following: 30, 43, 44, 70, 73, 84, and 95 (the numbering here is that of Mandonnet, in Siger de Brabant et l'averroïsme latin au XIIIe siècle). These articles, he says, "deal with the cosmological schema and its metaphysical genesis sympathetically presented by Albert" (85), for example, Article 43: "[T]hat, because intelligences do not have matter, God is unable to make many of the same species" (Mandonnet, 179). Second, Flasch argues that Dietrich of Freiberg followed suit, criticizing his Thomist contemporaries using arguments derived from Averröes via Albert (chapter 4). In particular, Flasch claims that Dietrich opposed the Thomists on the question of spiritual knowledge and the beatitude of the soul precisely because the influence of Albert who in turn was influenced by Averroes. (111). Flasch reaches his core thesis—that there is a relationship between Meister Eckhart and Averroës—in chapter 5. Although the connection between Eckhart and Dietrich has been demonstrated by Loris Sturlese, no one has yet made use of his argumentation in connecting Eckhart with Averroës (120), whom Flasch finds in Eckhart's Commentary on the Gospel of John (In Ioann., LW 3:436). As Flasch notes further about Eckhart, "Plato, Aristotle, the Gospel of John, Augustine's metaphysics of mind (mens), Averroës, Albert, Dietrich—this chain of influence describes the intellectual heritage of the so-called 'father of German speculation.'" He adds, "[Eckhart], to be sure, came from Cologne, but behind him one finds Athens, Hippo, Paris, and, last but not least, Córdoba. The so-called 'German mysticism' is born from the spirit of the greco–arabic philosophy in the . . . interpretation of Dietrich of Freiberg" (121). Flasch closes with two chapters on the role of Avicenna and Maimonides in the teachings of Eckhart, and final chapter arguing that mysticism in Eckhart is not an affective mysticism of the sort found in other medieval German mystics, nor is it the case (here he cites Philip Merlan) that 'mysticism' (if one must use that word) is peculiarly German. Instead, Eckhart's is a thoroughly philosophical mysticism—perhaps more akin to that of Nicholas of Cusa—which depends on the human intellect's recognition of itself as the imago or spark of the divine. In this recognition of itself, the human intellect recognizes that it, too, can become one with the divine mind, just as Christ said in the Gospel of John, "The Father and I are one" (John 10:30). In this sense, the so-called mysticism of Eckhart has more in common with Averroës, but perhaps also—it seems to this reviewer—with that of Mansur al-Hallaj, in that it was an ambiguously nondualistic mysticism. D a n i e l O ' C o n n e l l Ann Arbor, Michigan


Based on China law system and the practice,the existing problems of arranging forestland property system in China are analyzed in this paper.These problems restrict the effective configuration of rural forestland resources and baffle rural economic development.To solve the existing problems of arranging forestland property system in China,firstly,the law and regulation of China forestland property arrangement should be modified and perfected;secondly,China forestry property system reform should be further studied;finally,governmental behaviors should be adjusted,service and supervision should be executed,and market mechanism should be exerted.


A method for forming groups (2) of flat articles (11 to 18) provided in a plurality of supply streams (1.1 to 1.8), where the supply streams (1.1 to 1.8) converge to a stream of groups (3), in which a plurality of superimposed imbricated streams is positioned with distances between the elements imbricated equal and in which areas of the front edges of the objects (11 to 18) of current imbricated overlapping are oriented in the direction of a carriage on other, and wherein groups (2) of objects (11 to 18) are separated in a headend of the group stream (3) by clamping and accelerating zones front edges facing one above other, wherein the supply streams (1.1 to 1.8) are placed overlapping at least at a point of confluence, where in all streams to be combined and which are superimposed, the objects (11 to 18) are oriented parallel ent re another and transversely to the conveying direction, have the same distances from each other and are conveyed with the same speed, wherein projections of the streams to be combined and which are superposed (1.1 to 1.8 and 3) run parallel to each other or They are joined on a parallel to the parallel orientation of the objects (11-18) plane where the projections of the streams to be combined (1.1 to 1.8) converge at an acute angle to a plane transverse to the parallel orientation of the objects (11 to 18) and where the streams to be combined (1.1 to 1.8) are synchronized such that when currents are superimposed, areas of the front edges of the objects (11 to 18) substantially one over orient others.


For a writer whose professed view of man is that of man the voyager, wayfarer, exile and castaway, Walker Percy shows a remarkable concern for places in his three novels. At first it seems ironic, but actually such a concern is motivated by a sense of homelessness and by a need for "a place in the world." As Percy says in "The Man on the Train," the commuter who does feel "at home, seeing the passing scene as a series of meaningful projects full of signs which he reads without difficulty" is unaware of his despair and is in a worse condition than the alienated commuter who at least recognizes his predicament. (1) An alienated homelessness is a controlling concept in much of Percy's fiction, as he admitted to Carlton Cremeens: "Alienation, after all, is nothing more or less than a very ancient, orthodox Christian doctrine. Man is alienated by the nature of his being here. He is here as a stranger and as a pilgrim, which is the way alienation is conceived in my books." (2) It would be unwise to try to define too narrowly the nature of the pilgrimage of Percy's characters, but seeing one aspect of it as a search for a place in the world, a mode of existence, illuminates one of Percy's major themes while at the same time revealing his developing sense of place in his novels. Percy has repeatedly expressed his concern for the concrete place, as in his recent interview with Zoltan Abadi-Nagy: "It is true that I am interested in philosophical, religious issues and in my novels I use the particular in order to get at the general issues. For example, The Moviegoer is about New Orleans, one part in New Orleans, a young man in New Orleans." (3) In an earlier interview with John Carr he directly related his philosophy to his fiction: "As I say, I fell out with philosophy and started to [write] and the philosophy I was interested in was what was then called existential philosophy. Of course, the word no longer means much. It still means a concrete view of man, man in a situation, man in a predicament, man's anxiety, and so on. And I believed that this view of man could be handled very well in a novel, and I was interested in phenomenology, which is very strongly existentialist: the idea of describing accurately how a man feels in a given situation. And that's certainly novelistic." (4) Percy has written no aesthetic statement about place in fiction to compare with that of Eudora Welty, for example, a writer he has called "the best fiction writer in the South." (5) His essays are directly concerned with his philosophy, either existential, linguistic or cultural. Thus he also has not presented us with a piece comparable to Flannery O'Connor's "The Fiction Writer and His Country." But a close look at the use of places in his novels can show us something about his development as a fiction writer. Gaston Bachelard's statement about space pertains to Percy's use of spatial metaphors: "Space that has been seized upon by the imagination cannot remain indifferent space subject to the measures and estimates of the surveyor.... Images do not adapt themselves very well to quiet ideas, or above all, to definitive ideas. The imagination is ceaselessly imagining and enriching itself with new images." (6) Percy is not writing poetry, of course, but the use of places in the successive novels reveals a less cerebral control as his imagination "seizes upon" them. Certainly Percy's view of man is an integral part of each novel's action and resolution, but he has progressed to the point that his philosophy is more successfully integrated into the novelistic form. Places are used in Percy's novels in three ways: as vehicles of his philosophy, particularly of some specific points drawn from Kierkegaard; as illustrations of artificial as opposed to authentic environments, with a heavy emphasis on the former; and finally, in each of the novels one of the structures emerges as a representative metaphor for the mode of existence of the protagonist and the condition of his society. …


Specific Research Instructions and Tools for the field of Biblical Counseling Instructions for finding information to asnwer questions asked of all biblical counseling students


Sprouting, survival and growth of young sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. var. VMC-86-550) treated with the nitrogen-fixing endophyte Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus was investigated. Nine treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three levels of microbial concentration (108, 1010 and 1012 cells mL-1) for the main plot and three methods of inoculation (spraying, soaking and dipping) for the subplot. Inoculated plants showed significant increase in % survival, plant height and shoot/root biomass compared with the uninoculated control at 45 d after planting (DAP). However, no significant differences were observed in % sprouting between inoculated plants and the uninoculated control at 30 DAP. Introduction of the microbial inoculant at 1012 cells mL-1 by means of the dipping method had constantly yielded taller plants with greater shoot and root biomass relative to the other treatments and the uninoculated control. Interaction effects of the dipping method and 1012 cells mL-1 of microbial concentration might have delivered optimum amount of bacteria into the setts, hence, significant improvement in growth parameters of the resulting plantlets. This experiment shows the potential use of G. diazotrophicus in the development of a cost-effective technology in sugarcane production. Key Words: biological nitrogen fixation, diazotrophs, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, plant growth-promoting bacteria, sugarcane Abbreviations: BNF – biological nitrogen fixation, PGPB – plant growth-promoting bacterium


Background: Some antiepileptic drugs have been shown to be clinically efficacious in treatment of neuropathic pain and are being used by clinician.Methods: This study determined the analgesic effect of gabapentin (a conventional anticonvulsant) and levitiracetam (a novel anticonvulsant) in rats in different types of acute and chronic nociceptive test like tail flick and formalin test and compared its potency with a conventional non opioid analgesic diclofenac.Results: Per oral administration of gabapentin produced no any marked effect on early phase response of formalin test but significantly suppressed the late phase response while levitiracetam produced no any type of significant effect in both phases. In tail flick test gabapentin as well as levitiracetam produced no any significant analgesic effect while diclofenac produced significant reduction of pain in tail flick test as well as in both phases of formalin test.Conclusions: Thus, we have observed that gabapentin produced antinociception in chronic pain as second phase of formalin test reflects chronic inflammatory pain while levitiracetam did not produce any type of antinociceptive effect as it could not suppress the pain significantly in both tail flick and formalin test.


In the recent past, there has been a series of security incidents leading to increasing concern regarding the trust model currently employed by public key infrastructures. One of the key criticisms is the architecture's implicit assumption that certificate authorities (CAs) are trustworthy a priori. This work proposes a metric to compensate this assumption by a differentiating assessment of a CA's individual trustworthiness based on objective criteria. The metric utilizes a wide range of factors derived from existing policies, technical guidelines, and research. It consists of self-contained submetrics allowing the simple extension of the existing set of criteria. The focus is thereby on aspectswhich canbe assessedby employing practically applicable methods of independent data collection. The metric is meant to help organizations, individuals, and service providers deciding which CAs to trust or distrust. For this, the modularized submetrics are clustered into coherent submetric groups covering a CA's different properties and responsibilities. By applying individually chosen weightings to these submetric groups, themetric's outcomes can be adapted to tailored protection requirements according to an exemplifying attacker model.


One of the most important components of counteracting small unmanned aerial vehicles is their reliable detection. You can use propeller noise to detect such objects at short distances. An energy or harmonic detector is used to receive unmanned aerial vehicles acoustic emission. At low signal-to-noise ratios , which is most common in practice, the harmonic detector provides a higher probability of detection compared to energy. The principle of the harmonic detector is based on spectral analysis of acoustic signals. A mathematical model of the acoustic signal of an aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. It is shown that at short time intervals (tens of milliseconds) such signals can be considered as stationary and for its analysis can be used known methods of spectral estimation. Nonparametric, parametric and subspace methods of spectral estimation are considered for processing of acoustic emission of unmanned aerial vehicles. To conduct a comparative analysis of different methods of spectral estimation, a statistical quality index was used, which can be calculated as a variation of the estimation of power spectral density. This index characterizes the method of spectral estimation in terms of frequency resolution and the ability to detect harmonic components of the signal into noise and not create interference that exceeds the amplitude of the signal. As a result of researches it was established that at high signal-to-noise ratios parametric methods are more effective in comparison with nonparametric. However, such a statement will be valid only if the correct order of the model. It is shown that the use of spatial methods is impractical for the analysis of acoustic signals of unmanned aerial vehicles. The use of the value of the statistical quality indicator as a threshold for deciding on the presence or absence of the acoustic signal of the unmanned aerial vehicles in the adopted implementation and its further processing should be used at SNR values greater than 5 dB.


Status epilepticus is a life threatening condition. Unorthodox cultural practices and late presentation in hospitals often result in increased morbidity and mortality in our environment. The objective of this work is to determine the aetiology, home management and outcome of status epilepticus in children. Data from twenty-six patients with status epilepticus out of 1995 admissions into the Children's Emergency Unit (CHEU) of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) over a two year period between May 2006 and April 2008 were analyzed. Information such as age, gender, duration of seizure and treatment administered at home; clinical features, duration of hospitalization and outcome on discharge were extracted from records. Of the twenty-six patients with status epilepticus, 20(76.9%) were males and six(23.1%) females; twenty-three(88.5%) had seizures associated with fever. A total of 15(57.7%) patients received unorthodox regimens at home; 11(42.3%) were given palm kernel oil, 3(11.5%) herbal concoction and 1(3.8%) had onions juice instilled into the eyes. Malaria was found responsible for 19(70.3%) cases of status epilepticus. Duration of hospitalization ranged from less than 24hours to 50days with a mean of 10.8days. Five(19.2%) of the patients died while on admission. Mortality and morbidity were significantly associated with duration of seizure before presentation in the hospital(p=0.04). Preference for traditional method of care in life threatening conditions such as status epilepticus is common in our environment. This is dangerous in view of ignorance of aetiological factors of these conditions. Massive health enlightenment campaign against use of these harmful home remedies is advocated.


We conduct an impact evaluation of the minimum wage legislation for domestic workers introduced in four states in India over the period of 2004-2012. Combining the matching and difference-in-difference estimation strategies we estimate both the short-run and the long-run impacts of the legislation on real wages and on employment opportunities. Our results show a positive impact of the legislation on real wages in the short-run. However, the legislation seems to have no impact on real wages in the long-run. Further, the legislation did not seem to have had any impact on the extensive margin in terms of employment opportunities or the probability of being employed as a domestic worker in both the short and the long run. Our conclusion is that minimum wage legislation for domestic workers need not improve the living standards of workers unless accompanied by strong enforcement mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at quantitatively evaluating the impact of minimum wage legislation for domestic workers in India.


The present study seeks to outline the role of marketing automation (MA) in measuring the return on marketing activities and the challenges associated with reaching accountability in marketing.,To investigate the objective of the study, the authors adopted a qualitative approach, conducting an exploratory study among ten key informants located in Portugal.,Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, a conceptual framework is proposed, which includes both strategic- and operational-level factors with the goal of creating a value-based agenda. In this agenda, executives such as the Chief Marketing Officer emerge as value creators, fostering business scalability, and further arguments are provided to justify budget allocation to MA activities.,Through careful research of the elements that characterize the phenomenon under study, the present paper ultimately contributes to a better understanding of MA and accountability within the current business paradigm.


A monolithic, 2 mu m CMOS constant-fraction discriminator (CFD) was developed for use with moderate time resolution (about 4 ns FWHM) scintillation detectors such as BGO. The circuit was fabricated through the metal-oxide-semiconductor implementation service (MOSIS) using a double-metal, double-polysilicon digital process. The measured CFD walk is 1.4 ns total for input signals of -200 to -2000 mV with risetimes of 20 ns. The measured CFD noise jitter is 70 ps FWHM for -200 mV, 20 ns risetime signals. Measured timing performance of the CFD circuit with a BGO scintillation detector shows good performance for detectors with timing resolutions in the 4 ns FWHM range. A general-purpose comparator, included on the same die as the CFD for separate evaluation, has measured response times of 32 ns for a 50 mV overdrive input and 23 ns for a 500 mV overdrive input. Both the CFD and the general-purpose comparator have application in large multichannel systems, including positron-emission tomography (PET), where circuit size and power consumption are limited for each system channel. >


Image processing is always an interesting field as it gives enhanced visual data for human simplification and processing of image data for transmission and illustration for machine preception. Digital images are processed to give better solution using image processing. Techniques such as Gray scale conversion, Image segmentation, Edge detection, Feature Extraction, Classification are used in image processing. In this paper studies of different image processing techniques and its methods has been conducted. Image segmentation is the initial step in many image processing functions like Pattern recognition and image analysis which convert an image into binary form and divide it into different regions. The technique used for segmentation is Otsu's method, K-means Clustering etc. For feature extraction feature vector in visual image is texture, shape and color. Edge detector with morphological operator enhances the clarity of image and noise free images. This paper also gives information about algorithm like Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Mechanism used for image classification. The image is categorized into the receptive class by an ANN and SVM is used to compile all the categorized result. Overall the paper gives detail knowledge about the techniques used for image processing and identification.


This study was done in green house of college of Agricultural engineering sciences during the season 2019-2020 to study the effect of the foliar spray with yeast suspension, nutrition solution (Foliartal) and their interaction on some leaf nutrients contents of (citrus limon L.) lime seedling was produced from the tissue culture lab. Studied factors were three level (0,7 and 10) g.L-1 and (0,3 and 5) ml.L-1 of yeast suspension and foliartal nutrient respectively treatments were distributed in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two replicates the test LSD used in order to compare between means at 0.05% probability. the results showed that treatments 10 g.L-1 of yeast suspension gave the highest values (1.57, 0.24, 1.48, 7.44 and 0.53,)% and (19.31, 114.63, and 28.42)mg.kg-1 for N,P,K,C, Mg, Mn,Fe and Zn respectively the foliar nutrient at 5 ml.L-1 gave significantly increased in all this characters which (1.5, 0.28, 1.44, 7.10 and 0.52)% and (18.64, 115.35 and 29.33) mg.kg-1 for characters respectively, also the interaction between yeast suspension10 g.L-1 + foliartal nutrient 5 ml.L-1 gave the highest increment was (1.77, 1.62, 7.91 and 0.56) % and (20.89, 131.69 and 33.12) mg.kg-1 respectively except phosphor percentage was highest value 0.29 % with (10 g.L-1 +3ml.L-1) while the control treatments (0 g.L-1 + 0 ml.L-1) gave lower number of leaf mineral contents.


We describe an algorithm for synthesizing resource invariants that are used in the verification of concurrent programs. This synthesis employs bi-abductive inference to identify the footprints of different parts of the program and decide what invariant each lock protects. We demonstrate our algorithm on several small (yet intricate) examples which are out of the reach of other automatic analyses in the literature.


This is part of a series of guides that have been updated with permission from 4-H National Council. This resource guide is designed to be used by Extension professionals and after-school providers to deliver positive youth development programs in underrepresented areas or with underrepresented populations. It includes information on identifying underserved or underrepresented audiences and potential challenges to their participation in 4-H programming. Written by Vanessa Starr Spero, and published by the 4-H Youth Development Department, UF/IFAS Extension, May 2023.


Early diagnosis and timely treatment of diabetic neuropathy in patients with diabetes is a factor in the quality of life for patients , as well as the issue of prevention of severe complications such as diabetic foot, reducing the percentage of disability.


1,3-diphenyl nitrilimine reacts with C{sub 60} yielding a novel dinitrogen heterocylce-fused C{sub 60} (1:1). Characterization of the product by mass spectrometry, IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, and mathematical structural modeling are reported. 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.


This paper examines the ability of the family to perform both its economic and institutional functions in today's economy. We argue that individual and family choice with respect to paid and unpaid labor is severely limited. This lack of alternatives in work is generated by three social forces that shape the economic landscape: (1) a tradition rooted in patriarchy; (2) the market system; and (3) the social policies of the state. We create a framework within which the work of families can be analyzed over the past two decades. The analysis is based on data from three waves of the PSID: 1972, 1983, and 1992. Three family types—dual-earner, male-earner, and female-earner family structures—are examined for the nature and intensity of the work effort, the change in labor commitment over time, changes in real income and hourly earnings, and the effect of the increasing encroachment of the market on the family's distribution of labor between the two spheres. Finally, the work of families is examined within the context of the social policies of government, including a review of the institutional difficulties of providing family friendly policies in the current social environment.


The problem of liquid sloshing in tanks of liquid cargo ships has increasingly been attracting the attention of researchers.For three dimensional large amplitude sloshing,the low filling height and harmonic excitation frequency were taken as the conditions of forming resonance frequency,and a Youngs-VOF method based on finite difference method was adopted to reconstruct a free surface;the effect of surface tension was considered because of air entrapment,and then 3-D violent sloshing phenomena such as merging and air entrapment were numerically simulated.Finally,pressure time histories were predicted.Comparison between numerical and experimental results about the deforming phenomena of liquid surface in the large-amplitude sloshing shows that the Youngs-VOF method can effectively simulate violent sloshing phenomena,and calculational and experimental results of the impulsive load are in good agreement.In addition,the analysis of the impact of surface tension on impulsive pressure shows that surface tension must be included in the moment equation when considering impulsive pressure.


Since due to tremendous advancement that is being made in sequencing and phylogenetic organisms, wet research techniques single-handedly cannot keep up with the influx of genomic information therefore need of bioinformatics tools such as MEGA is a need. It is user friendly bio-computational software for sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction for exploration evolutionary relationships among species or populations.


Introduction: The RFQIMT (Esaote-Italy) is a method of new generation for real-time measurement of intima-media thickness of the supra-aortic trunks. It is based on the direct radio-frequency analysis of the signal that allows to obtain data at high spatial resolution and thus improve the standard of a measure which has proved as surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease. The absolute values of IMT, indicated as standard ones by current literature and measured by the method recommended by the guidelines of the Italian Society of Vascular Diagnostics (accepted as European Guidelines) do not take into account of independent variables such as age, sex and race that may influence the correlation of this index at any level of vascular and cardiac damage. The aim of our study was to compare the values of intima-media thickness measured by the above method compared to those obtained by the method of radio-frequency taking into account the variables mentioned above. Materials and Methods: We submitted 250 patients examined in succession in our hypertension centre to measure the intima-media thickness with conventional method (3 measurements at the level of common carotid artery, 1 cm from the carotid bifurcation) and RFQIMT. Patients had a mean age of 52.5 ± 22.5, 118 were males and 132 females, and all Caucasians. Patients had the following comorbidities: 210 patients were hypertensive patients, 126 dyslipidemic, 87 patients with diabetes, 14 patients with CAD, 72 patients with carotid plaques and 93 patients smokers. Results: 123 patients had RFQIMT above the normal values and IMT among limits, 56 had normal both RFQIMT and IMT and 71 had both RFQIMT and IMT above the normal values. Conclusions: When we take into account the value of RFQIMT compared to IMT, the index of cardiovascular risk linked to intima-media thickness increased significantly in more patients: 123 with RFQIMT increased compared with 71 with IMT increased. This preliminar evidence changes the correlations with the co-morbidity and makes the measure that uses radio-frequency more accurate and reliable.


This paper introduced the parts of excitation system for Large pumped storage units,addressed the different of large pumped storage units from large conventional unit,introduced the condition of the state and analyzed the oneself characteristics of excitation system for large pumped storage units.


Signal peptidase functions to cleave signal peptides from preproteins at the cell membrane. It has a substrate specificity for small uncharged residues at -1 (P1) and aliphatic residues at the -3 (P3) position. Previously, we have reported that certain alterations of the Ile-144 and Ile-86 residues in Escherichia coli signal peptidase I (SPase) can change the specificity such that signal peptidase is able to cleave pro-OmpA nuclease A in vitro after phenylalanine or asparagine residues at the -1 position (Karla, A., Lively, M. O., Paetzel, M. and Dalbey, R. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 6731-6741). In this study, screening of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based peptide library revealed that the I144A, I144C, and I144C/I86T SPase mutants have a more relaxed substrate specificity at the -3 position, in comparison to the wild-type SPase. The double mutant tolerated arginine, glutamine, and tyrosine residues at the -3 position of the substrate. The altered specificity of the I144C/I86T mutant was confirmed by in vivo processing of pre-β-lactamase containing non-canonical arginine and glutamine residues at the -3 position. This work establishes Ile-144 and Ile-86 as key P3 substrate specificity determinants for signal peptidase I and demonstrates the power of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based peptide library approach in defining the substrate specificity of proteases.


If a quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor via tunneling contacts, each contact hosts a Majorana zero mode in the limit of zero transmission. Close to a resonance and at a finite contact transparency, the resonant level in the quantum dot couples the Majorana modes, but a ground state degeneracy per fermion parity subspace remains if the number of Majorana modes coupled to the dot is five or larger. Upon varying shape-defining gate voltages while remaining close to resonance, a nontrivial evolution within the degenerate ground-state manifold can be achieved. We characterize the corresponding non-Abelian holonomy for a quantum dot with chaotic classical dynamics using random matrix theory and discuss measurable signatures of the non-Abelian time-evolution.


A method for manufacturing a laminated substrate is provided to offer a buffer structure to reduce an expansion portion formed in a peripheral region such as a substrate. A method for manufacturing a laminated substrate includes the following steps of: stacking a metal foil having a resin on a core substrate(3) as facing a resin-layer side of a metal foil to a side face of the core substrate(3); contacting a metal plate of a buffer structure formed by stacking a flat metal plate and a flat buffer member(9) with a surface of the metal foil(5a); and pressing the metal foil(5a) having a resin for the core substrate(3) by applying a pressure on the buffer member(9). And, the flat buffer member(9) is placed on the resin on the metal foil(5a) in the state that a long side face and the short side face of the metal foil(5a) having the resin are aligned to a long side and a short side of the buffer member(9).


A rotary anode type X-ray tube (100) having a non-evaporable getter according to the present invention includes a hollow bulb structure (110); a cathode concentration pipe module (120) mounted at the top of the bulb structure (110); a rotary anode module (130) disposed at the lower side of the cathode concentration pipe module (120); a support structure (140) to support the rotary anode module (130) and to close the open bottom portion of the bulb structure (110); a metal cylinder (150) disposed inside the bulb structure (110); and a non-evaporable getter (170) coated on a surface of the metal cylinder (150) and an inner surface of a metal bulb (111). The metal cylinder (150) is spaced apart from an inner surface of the bulb structure (110) by a first spacing distance (d1). The non-evaporable getter (170) has a porous structure formed of a material having a getter property and is coated on one surface or both surfaces of the metal cylinder (150). The present invention sufficiently represents absorption by the non-evaporable getter while high power is applied to a gas generated from a filament and a cathode concentration pipe even if normal power is directly applied upon operation of an X-ray tube, thereby preventing rapid increase of pressure due to gases and accordingly maintaining high vacuum necessary to operate the X-ray tube in a state that the X-ray tube is sealed.


We prove some Schur positivity results for the chromatic symmetric function $X_G$ of a (hyper)graph $G$, using connections to the group algebra of the symmetric group. The first such connection works for (hyper)forests $F$: we describe the Schur coefficients of $X_F$ in terms of eigenvalues of a product of Hermitian idempotents in the group algebra, one factor for each edge (a more general formula of similar shape holds for all chordal graphs). Our main application of this technique is to prove a conjecture of Taylor on the Schur positivity of certain $X_F$, which implies Schur positivity of the formal group laws associated to various combinatorial generating functions. Second, we introduce the pointed chromatic symmetric function $X_{G,v}$ associated to a rooted graph $(G,v)$. We prove that if $X_{G,v}$ and $X_{H,w}$ are positive in the generalized Schur basis of Strahov, then the chromatic symmetric function of the wedge sum of $(G,v)$ and $(H,w)$ is Schur positive.


Engaging a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with 141 Mexicanmigrant smugglers, this paper proceeds from the following research question: Alliances between Mexican migrant smuggling networks and foreign terrorist groups could be established so that members of terrorist organizations could enter surreptitiously into the United States. This paper indicates that there is not a nexus between Mexican migrant smugglers and foreign terrorists. The control exercised by the drug cartels over much of the Mexican territory constitutes an obstacle and not an opportunity for terrorists to enter the United States.


Long silver nanowires with a high aspect ratio of up to 2000 could be obtained from Ag-containing matrix with NASICON structure by electron beam irradiation.


Gold–palladium (Au–Pd) bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts supported on MIL-101(Cr) with Au : Pd mole ratios ranging from 1 : 3 to 3 : 1 were prepared through coimpregnation and H2 reduction. Au–Pd NPs were homogeneously distributed on the MIL-101(Cr) with mean particle sizes of 5.6 nm. EDS and XPS analyses showed that bimetallic Au–Pd alloys were formed in the Au(2)Pd(1)/MIL-101(Cr). The catalytic performance of the catalysts was explored in the selective 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation at 30–80 °C on a continuous fixed bed flow quartz reactor. The bimetallic Au–Pd alloy particles stabilized by MIL-101(Cr) presented improved catalytic performance. The as-synthesized bimetallic Au(2)Pd(1)/MIL-101(Cr) with 2 : 1 Au : Pd mole ratio showed the best balance between the activity and butene selectivity in the selective 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation. The Au–Pd bimetallic-supported catalysts can be reused in at least three runs. The work affords a reference on the utilization of a MOF and alloy nanoparticles to develop high-efficiency catalysts.


Diacetoxyiodobenzene combined with NaBr was found to be an efficient, mild and practical reagent for the oxidative methyl esterification of aldehydes.


This paper describes the design and implementation of the communication interface of the anti-gravity casting mould filling process test system based on USB 2. 0. The system uses Cypress' s EZ-USB FX2 series devices CY7C68013A as the main controller which support USB 2. 0 high-speed transmission,to construct peripheral data acquisition circuit structures for fast transmission of data collection. And compared to the communication interface methods using standard serial interface,the system has advantages of high data transfer rate,real-time and high accuracy.


Shape set control system is a very important part of the automatic shape control system,and it determines the accuracy of strip head profile and flatness.The structure and function of shape set control system are described.The venture of online programming,debugging and running of shape set control system has been reduced by plenty of offline simulation,and the accuracy of control system has been validated by measured data.The results of online application show that the control system has a high accuracy,as the hit rate of the strip head profile and flatness can be increased by 16% and 10%.Up to now,the system runs stably in Anshan Steel 2150 hot strip mill,and it has also been widely used in many domestic hot tandem rolling mills.


The multi-element development of the education of TV University certainly set higher requirement for the meaning construction.The key points for meaning construction of the university include improving the quality of teachers,providing good teaching resources,regulating the education management and completing corresponding management organism and operation system.


Suspensions of washed bovine sperm (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h with pyruvate-3-14C and in some cases, with oxaloacetate. Oxygen consumption and 14CO2 evolution were measured. Radioactive citrate, malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, and oxaloacetate were found following incubation. The latter two compounds were positively identified by melting-point and specific-activity determinations of their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. The results indicate citric acid cycle activity in bull sperm. Oxygen consumption and the evolution of 14CO2 from pyruvate-3-14C tended to decline when oxaloacetate was added to the sperm suspensions.


This talk will give an overview of our recent work on two-dimensional (2D) materials and devices. Particular focus will be placed on high-field transport, device self-heating, and fundamental aspects of thermal (phonon) transport in 2D materials including graphene and MoS2.


Karen Yeates and associates,[1][1] in their article on the management of hyponatremia, use the terms "serum osmolality" and "tonicity" interchangeably, a common practice. Although there is not a major difference in meaning, it is important to differentiate these terms in this context.


This article presents a new application of microwave microscopy as a diagnostic of the painted lightning strike protection (LSP) mesh used in composite aircraft skins. A new flexible probe is presented. This probe can sweep over the surface of the composite skin and detect breaks in the LSP lying underneath. It is demonstrated that shielding of the probe feeding line leads to better balancing, and consequently highly improved immunity to the presence of nearby objects. With this new approach, it is possible to localize faults as small as one cut strand under the paint. Also, this technique features the possibility to measure the paint thickness with a resolution on the order of micrometers.


The present invention relates to a method, load (12) and display device (10) where an output parameter value (V) of a power supply (14) coupled to a separate load (12) is regulated. The load (12) demands at least one such parameter value (V) from the power supply (14). The power supply (14) delivers the output parameter value (V) to the load (12). The load (12) comprises a control signal-setting unit (16), which receives information relating to the output parameter value (V) and is connected to the power supply (14) for delivering a control signal (VC). The control signal (VC) includes information relating to the output parameter value (V) and is used by the power supply (14) for regulating the output parameter value (V). This makes the control signal-setting unit (16) part of a feedback loop. The parameter value is preferably an output voltage, the load a plasma display panel and the display device a television set. Memories (27,18) are present for storing reference values related to the output parameter value (V) and to the control signal for enabling a start-up of the power supply (14) with the correct parameter value (V).


An optical illusion mesmerizes us with its ability to look entirely different depending on our perspective. Our patients can challenge our perceptions, too. Many people are familiar with the famous illusion of Rubin's vase; the picture can appear to be two faces in profile or simply a vase. With someone pointing the way, viewers can learn to see both images, but without a guide, viewers may falsely conclude that they are seeing the full picture when they miss another interpretation. Similarly, we believed that our training and experience over the last 10 years with hundreds of patients with cancer had provided us with a sufficiently broad perspective to understand and detect patients' concerns, fears, and traumas. Yet when we met Mary, heard her story, and witnessed her pain, we learned to see cancer care procedures through her eyes, and our own eyes were opened.


Maximum velocity of particles and specifying pattern for energy radiation and nature of frequency as a result of explosions is regarded as most important criterion for evaluating dangers as a result of trembling earth. Based on researches it is indicated that these parameters may indicate possible damage. Until now different relations are offered for calculating these parameters by researchers but none of them has application in all of the fields and each of them in accordance with regional conditions including geology, tectonic and rock mechanics may have application at that special region. In these studies by registering and processing seismographs related to seismic data as a result of 20 explosion at Jamishan reservoir dam located at Sangher the status of vulnerability of diversion tunnel and cutoff wall of dam and also adjacent village was studied and the results are analyzed based on received data and comparing with available standards and the best method of boring and level of explosive materials for preventing from possible damages are offered. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INF O Articl e h istory: Received: 17 May 2014; Received in revised form: 10 November 2014; Accepted: 19 November 2014;


Limited health resources make people's lives around the landfill vulnerable to the risk of various diseases. The problems of housing, cleanliness, water sources, social security, education, health and survival of vulnerable groups such as children, women, and the elderly are the main problems that require special attention for the landfill area. This study aims to identify the risk of health problems for mothers and children in the TPA Air Dingin, Padang City. The research design was cross sectional with accidental sampling technique, where each respondent who met the research criteria was taken as a sample, so that a sample of 30 mothers of children under five was obtained, with 2 pregnant women, and 29 children under five. Data collection by interviewing mothers and direct examination of toddlers. Data were analyzed by computerization. It was found that 50% of pregnant women experienced 5 L, continuous nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, high fever, severe headache and felt itching in the vulva; a small proportion of toddlers were obese, 1 toddler was stunted, a small portion do not visit the posyandu routinely, a small portion do not receive complete basic immunizations and have not received vitamin A. Education is an important point in future posyandu activities so as to help increase public understanding of the issues that occur at the moment.


The death cause in 15 desi chicken (aged 56–78 days), presented for postmortem examination in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, B.S. College of Vety. Medicine & Research Centre, Bikaner was investigated. After recording clinical history, birds were necropsied and specimen collected from intestinal lesions for isolation and identification of causal agent. Tissue samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histopathology. The birds had clinical history of severe depression, diarrhoea, reluctance to move, ruffled feathers and sudden death. Carcasses were severely dehydrated and emaciated. Mid intestines showed ballooning with foul smell, abnormally thick mucosa with yellowish brown diphtheritic membrane and varying degrees of haemorrhage. Histopathological study showed necrosis of enteroepithelial cells with marked desquamation, increased cellular infiltration in lamina propria and fibrin mixed with cellular debris adherent to intestinal mucosa. Gram positive, anaerobic bacilli were isolated which produced inner zone of hemolysis and outer zone of partial haemolysis when incubated at 37°C on blood agar medium. On biochemical character-ization, bacterial cultures were indole-and catalase-negative, fermented dextrose, lactose and sucrose with acid production but not mannitol. The deaths were established due to necrotic enteritis caused by clostriadial infection.


The dye decoloration of methylene blue (MB) solution treated by nonthermal plasma advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been investigated using a pin to surface configuration plasma system at atmospheric pressure. A homemade flyback transformer was utilized to power up this gas-phase plasma system and its electrical characteristics were presented in the form of voltage amperage waveforms. UV/Vis analysis was employed to monitor the influence of plasma treatment time on the decreasing of MB concentration as well as to measure the decoloration efficiency. It was found that the decoloration efficiency of MB solution can reach 93% after 120 minutes of plasma treatment to result in transparent water. Furthermore, FTIR analysis was performed to recognize the differences in MB organic functional groups before and after plasma treatment and to confirm the mineralization process that was occurred during plasma irradiation. During plasma irradiation, the interaction between hydroxyl radicals and other various reactive species transforms the organic pollutants into the harmless sediments through complex chemistry reactions. Due to all of the plasma treatments were carried out without the addition even a single chemical; it can be conclude that nonthermal plasma system may potentially become one of the competitive environmentally friendly techniques in destruction and decoloration of an organic polluted solution such as textile wastewater.


The Sympson and Hetter (SH) (1985) method is the accepted method of probabilistic item-exposure control in computerized adaptive testing. However, setting its control parameters to admissible values requires an iterative process of computer simulations that has been found to be time consuming, particularly if the parameters have to be set conditional on a realistic set of values for the examinees' ability parameter. Several formal properties of the method are given that help us explain why this iterative process can be slow and does not guarantee admissibility. In addition, some alternatives to the SH method are introduced. The behavior of these alternatives was estimated for an adaptive test from an item pool from the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). One of the alternatives showed particularly attractive behavior and converged smoothly to admissibility for all items in a relatively small number of iteration steps.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the tonal structure of narrow focus signalled by accentual means in English and in Catalan. In particular, it analyses the status of the F0 valley in the H(igh)-L(ow) movement observed after the focal constituent. In both languages, the H is interpreted as an H* pitch accent given its alignment within the accented syllable of the focal word. However, the nature of L is unclear since it can be analysed as the trailing tone of a bitonal accent (H*+L) or a phrase accent (H*L-). The status of L is investigated in words with different stress distributions (oxytones, paroxytones, and proparoxytones) in subject and verb focal positions. An examination of the timing of L with respect to the accented syllable demonstrates that in Catalan the L corresponds to a phrase accent since it is anchored at the end of the word irrespective of the number of post-accented syllables. In English, on the other hand, the L is better interpreted as the trailing tone of H*+L, due to its fixed distance with respect to the accented syllable. These results confirm the assignment of focus at phrase final position in Romance languages as opposed to Germanic languages.


Early antibiotic administration in sepsis improves patient survival. Treatment with antibiotics should cover potential pathogens and should avoid overusing broad-spectrum antibiotics. We have to identify patients who have high risks of infection with drug-resistant organisms. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify potential risk factors associated with bloodstream infections with drug-resistant organisms to help the choice of empirical antibiotics in the emergency department. Adult patients with bloodstream infection diagnosed by blood culture in the emergency department in the period of 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 were included. Clinical features including chronic medical illnesses, clinical presentation and severity, and patients' outcomes were identified in the electronic medical records. Bloodstream infection with drug-resistant organisms is defined as positive blood culture with bacteria resistant to either (1) amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid AND ceftriaxone or (2) amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid or ceftriaxone PLUS amikacin or levofloxacin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the study outcome. Among 105 patients with bloodstream infection, 17% were caused by drug-resistant organisms. Multivariate analysis showed that age is a risk factor associated with bloodstream infection with drug-resistant organisms (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.08, p = 0.03). In conclusion, age is a significant risk factor for drug-resistant bloodstream infection in emergency department patients. Further research may be needed to find out the relationship between frailty and infection with drug-resistant organisms.


Flagellate skin eruptions are characterized by "whip-like" linear or curvilinear streaks, most frequently occurring on the trunk and usually erythematous or pigmented. Common underlying causes include drugs (e.g. bleomycin; peplomycin), diet (e.g. undercooked Shiitake mushrooms), or diseases (e.g. dermatomyositis; adult-onset Still's disease).1,2 We describe a unique case of flagellate purpura associated with the AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S) COVID-19 vaccine.


There are two causes of shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS), first described by Neer: the primary cause being the narrowing of the interarticular space due to soft tissue infection or bone growth and the secondary cause being the upward movement of the humeral head because of the weakness of the muscles or the imbalance of the force What Humeral Position is Better to Prevent Shoulder Impingement during Arm Elevation?


Melanie Ilk and Jeremy Smith, eds. Soviet State and Society Under Nikita Khrushchev. London: Routledge, 2009. xii, 216 pp. Bibliography. Index. $135.00, cloth.The title of this collection is illustrative of both its strengths and weaknesses. A strength is that the volume covers a lot of ground, providing new information about a period of Soviet history that has only recently been receiving careful scrutiny. The case studies range from an examination of the Moscow youth festival to an exploration of the Soviet military. A weakness is that the analytical rubric uniting the chapters - state and society - is so broad that the book is diffuse and the analytical contributions uneven. The volume addresses some important questions, but it does not answer as many as might be hoped.Many of the chapters discuss the extent and the limits of Khrushchev-era reforms. Alexander Titov explores the Utopian promises of the 1961 Party Programme and the popular disillusionment that followed when its promises went unfulfilled. Titov's analysis of the Party Programme is stronger than his discussion about popular opinion; more work is left to be done to flesh out what remains here a broadly descriptive story about public opinion based in part on recent polls and memoirs, evidence that Titov himself labels as problematic and "dubious" (p. 1 8). In the next chapter, Mark Smith also tells a story of failed political promises, in this case that of the Khrushchev housing campaign, but his nuanced, thought-provoking analysis describes rash promises about the communist future coexisting, and occasionally colliding with, professionalism, careful calculation, and "cool, rational judgments" on the part of government authorities (p. 32). Smith's article steers us away from binaries and emphasizes complexities and ambiguities. Pia Koivunen's chapter on the 1957 Moscow Youth Festival also focuses on ambiguities in her description of the "partial openness" of the Soviet Union in 1957: the regime permitted unprecedented number of foreigners to travel to the Soviet Union while simultaneously warning Soviet people about the dangers of "harmful" foreign influences. The article includes interesting information about the history of the youth festivals and the decision to hold one in Moscow. Like Titov, however, Koivunen struggles somewhat when discussing popular opinion. On the one hand, getting at "real" popular opinion in the Soviet Union is notoriously difficult. On the other hand, recent work like that by Susan Reid on public perceptions of the American National Exhibition in 1959 shows us what careful and imaginative use of available sources can contribute to our understanding of public opinion.Societal response to state action is another key theme in the volume. Laurent Coumel presents what appears at first to be a micro-history of government officials, academics, and pedagogues engaged in decision-making processes about educational reform. If the questions appear small to begin with, however, the conclusions are large. …


—Entities, generally, represent real-world concepts, such as a person (writer, singer, etc.), a product (book, camera, etc.), a business, etc. In large data-intensive websites, sections related to an entity in a given vertical domain consist of a thousands of data-rich pages, each displaying attribute values for one instance of the given entity. Ideally, to build a rich repository of entity instances that serves the unlimited search needs of Web users, data aggregators aim to collect all the possible instances available for that given entity and apply data extraction for its attributes. A manual approach would be costly in time and effort. In this work, we propose a system that automatically discovers new large websites publishing pages about a conceptual entity, by exploiting the large amount of overlap on the Web among sources in the same vertical domain. Starting with information from one training site, specific queries are generated and results returned by search engines are analyzed and filtered. The sources retained from these search results undergo then a semantic, syntactic, and structural evaluation to detect data-intensive pages for the domain entity. Semi-structured attributes location is also identified on the discovered entity pages. Our approach can thus be exploited by vertical search engines in pre-processing to enhance web page crawling, as well as in data extraction.


ABSTRACT Introduction Untreated Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cortisol normalization is a key goal to treatment. Pituitary surgery remains the first-line approach for Cushing's disease, but sometimes it is impracticable, unsuccessful, or complicated by recurrence. Medical therapy has been historically considered a palliative. However, in the latest years, interest on this topic has grown due to both the availability of new drugs and the reevaluation of the old, commonly used drugs in clinical practice. Areas covered In this article, we will discuss the current options and future directions of medical therapy for CS, aiming at fitting best patients' features. An extensive literature search regarding already approved and investigational principles was conducted (PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Available drugs include inhibitors of ACTH secretion, steroidogenesis inhibitors, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists; drugs acting at different levels can be also combined in uncontrolled patients. Expert opinion Since there is still no standardized pharmacological approach and the superiority of one drug over another has not been established yet in the absence of comparative studies, each time clinicians' choices should be patient-tailored. Age, gender, tumor features, severity of hypercortisolism, comorbidities/complications, rapidity of action, side effects, drug–drug interactions, contraindications, availability, patients' preferences, and costs should be all considered.


At the top level, mostly by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, young people are being involved in consultations on topics that concern youth, but there is no law regulating this. The consultation by other Ministries is very limited, according to the director of the National Youth Council. The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport is now focussing on youth participation at local level so that measures or policies can be proposed if needed. Because of the decentralization of the social domain including youth policy and services, all municipalities are responsible for their youth consultation. But the degree of attention for youth participation in decision-making processes varies between municipalities.


April June 2017 963 JCPS Volume 10 Issue 2 Chemotherapeutic effect of Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles on DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis S. Mirunalini*, V. Arulmozhi and S. Isabella Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608 002 *Corresponding author: E-Mail:email@example.com, Tel: 91 4144 238343, Fax: 91 4144 238343 ABSTRACT We aimed to scrutinize the effect of EA@CS-NP on DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch tumorigenesis. To determine the inflammatory proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, angiogenic proteins and apoptotic proteins (intrinsic and extrinsic) by investigating some important regulators involved in the above mentioned signalling pathways. The histological microphotographs of DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) showed squamous cell carcinoma with the keratin pearl formation with an increased Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferative protein (Ki-67). Supplementation of EA@CS-NP to tumor bearing animals disclosed the dysplastic lesions with a decreased staining pattern of EGFR and Ki-67 expression. The protein appearance pattern such as, fas, fasL, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, PARP, Bax was found to be down regulated, perhaps the expression level of p53, Bcl2, cox-2, VEGF & cyclin D1 were markedly unregulated in DMBA induced positive control group. However, supplementation of EA@CS-NP altered the above mentioned protein expressions to near normal. Taken together, our results suggest that supplementation of EA@CS-NP inhibited the progression of HBP tumorigenesis by triggering both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.


Data center presented in this paper, has a high requirement on the power supply system, that needs emergency power supply, SVG compensation device, large diesel generator set, two lines of mains large capacity UPS and other electric equipments. And there are some differences between data center and conventional power system in many aspects,such as in the nature, quantity, the load requirements, the related electrical equipment configuration, load, power supply mode, connection,and so on.


For the cellulose crystals I and II, the spacings and intensities of some typical X-ray reflections were measured over a range of temperature from room temperature to 200°C. The spacing vs. temperature curve for each reflection exhibited a distinct break at about 150°C for Cell I and at about 100°C for Cell II. The thermal expansion coefficients estimated from this curve for the (101) reflection of Cell I were 5.1×10−5 K−1 below 150°C and 1.6×10−4 K−1 above 150°C. The intensity vs. temperature curve for each reflection also exhibited a break at the same temperature as that for the break of the corresponding spacing vs. temperature curve. The reason for the appearance of these breaks is not yet clear.


Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of oral and IM vitamin B12 in patients with low serum vitamin B12 concentrations who met criteria for replacement therapy (cut point of 180 pmol/l [240 pg/ml] for vitamin B12 deficiency). Studies of patients with primary folate deficiency or end stage renal disease or on haemodialysis, as well as studies of vitamin B12 for prevention of cardiovascular disease, were excluded. 2 researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of individual studies based on publication bias, selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, and detection bias.


The results of 3D modeling of a new class of cavity resonance systems - double gap quasi-fractal resonators (DGQFR), promising for use in multi-beam klystrons are presented. They contain inside the cylindrical body a tree-like structure of N self-similar resonant elements formed as a result of applying a finite number of iterations to the selected fragment (polygon). Studies have shown that by selecting the optimal parameters of the quasi-fractal it is possible to effectively control the frequency of the main π-mode. Thus, by introducing a perturbing edges in the volume of the resonator to adjust the frequency of the π- mode within wide limits without significant effect on the frequency of π- mode. This makes it possible to implement frequency multiplicity modes (F2/F1=2, F3/F1=3) in one resonator. The use DGQFR in high-efficiency MBK operating in the microwave range allows to reduce the size of these devices. It is shown that the obtained research results intended for use in the microwave range, can be transferred to the area of millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Possible variants of the three-dimensional structure of the defect for the double gaps quasi-fractal photon resonator are proposed.


We calculate the temperature distribution with depth at the Dome C ice divide, East Antarctica, for a number of vertical strain rate functions; assuming two-dimensional flow. To solve the heat equation, we use the Dome C oxygen isotope profile and radar data to specify the surface and basal boundary conditions, respectively. Two different sets of simple, monotonie polynomials are used as strain rate test functions. For a net surface warming of about 9°C through the Wisconsinan-Holocene climatic transition, we find that the best agreement to the measured 800-m Dome C temperature profile results from a vertical strain rate of the form (1 - z/H)p, with H the ice thickness and p≃2.5. Using dated horizons in the oxygen isotope profile obtained by cross correlation with a marine sediment core, we find virtually no change in accumulation rate at Dome C since the end of the Wisconsinan glacial.


Deterministic and stochastic methods of three‐dimensional hydrogeologic modeling are applied to characterization of contaminated Eocene aquifers at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The results address several important issues, including the use of multiple types of data in creating high‐resolution aquifer models and the application of sequence‐stratigraphic constraints. Specific procedures used include defining grid architecture stratigraphically, upscaling, modeling lithologic properties, and creating multiple equiprobable realizations of aquifer stratigraphy. An important question answered by the study is how to incorporate gamma‐ray borehole‐geophysical data in areas of anomalous log response, which occurs commonly in aquifers and confining units of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and other areas. To overcome this problem, gamma‐ray models were conditioned to grain‐size and lithofacies realizations. The investigation contributes to identifying potential pathways for downward migration of contaminants, which have been detected in confined aquifers at the modeling site.


We construct spherically symmetric and static solutions in F(R)$F(R)$ gravity coupled with electromagnetic fields. The solutions include new types of black holes with electric and magnetic charges. We show that the higher‐derivative terms make the curvature singularity much softer than that in the charged black holes in Einstein's general relativity. We calculate some thermodynamical quantities of the obtained black holes like entropy, Hawking radiation, and quasi‐local energy and we confirm that the black hole solutions satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Finally, we study the stability analysis using the odd‐type mode and show that there are stable black hole solutions and the radial speed of the parity‐odd mode is unit, that is, the speed of light.


Potential energy surfaces (PES) for Na(2S, 2P) interacting with a tungsten surface partially covered with sodium ions are computed within the framework of the diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) method. A small number (1 to 10) of adsorbed sodium atoms are considered explicitly, the effect of the rest being taken into account through the fragment matrix elements in the DIM formulation. A physical model proposed previously to account for the experimental observation of Na+ and Na ions is supported by these calculations and, in addition, a new pathway to Na products is identified. The effect of including extra adsorbed atoms is discussed in terms of the molecular wave functions and a sensitivity analysis.


Introduction People with tetraplegia have poor respiratory function due to: 1) intercostal paralysis causing reduced tidal volume (VT) and 2) abdominal paralysis reducing cough peak flow (CPF). These problems may cause respiratory failure during both the initial admission and subsequent intercurrent illness. We hypothesised that electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles during expiration may improve respiratory function by increasing VT and CPF. Methods Sixteen-year-old male injured at C4 level. One year post-injury. The subject breathed spontaneously but with reduced lung volumes and cough peak flow. We stimulated rectus and transversus abdominis bilaterally using surface electrodes and four channel stimulator. The muscles were stimulated at the onset of expiration. The trigger signal for stimulation was provided by a plethysmographic belt which measured changes in abdominal girth in the respiratory cycle. To increase VT the stimulation was controlled in a closed loop system to trigger stimulation in time with the onset of natural expiration. To increase CPF the stimulation was manually triggered at the onset of expiration by the investigator. We designed control software to allow the subject to speak without inappropriate triggering of the system. We measured breath by breath lung volumes during quiet breathing forced expiratory volume (FEV) cough peak flow before and during stimulation. Results The subject tolerated five minutes of stimulation without discomfort or other adverse effects. The subject could speak normally without inappropriate triggering of the stimulation. quiet breathing: VT increased from 0.35l to 0.55l forced expiration: FEV increased from 1.3l to 1.5l coughing: peak flow increased from 0.73l/sec to 1.31l/sec. Discussion This proof of concept technique may have potential use in both acute and established tetraplegia to increase minute ventilation and to improve cough clearance of secretions. Once applied, the closed loop system allows operators to leave the system running automatically. There may be application for the technique in other causes of respiratory neuromuscular weakness.


as JoLLows. The deformation resistance oj zone refilled heat with the lowest impurity cOlltent iJ .from 23 to 13 kg/mm2 in the lem/Jerature rallge oj 850 to I 300 C. Increasing the interstitial elements such as C and N in the vacuum-melted heal raises the deformation resislallce in any hot-working lem/Jeraillre. H owever, the contents oJO up to 0 .2°0' S up 100.1 0 0 , Mn IIJJ 10 2~", S i and !\ I up to 0 .5° ° have /lot any significall t ejJect 011 the de./rJnllatioll resistance . The heats oj more than 0.0 17° () C reveal intercl:vs taLLine fracture Jrom above 1 200 C. The crack initiations due to tlte cluster oj alumina or chromium oxide inclusion are also observed. It is ascertained that the globular ty/Je inclusions found in Ihe vacuum and Ca refined hea ts consist main(y oj calcium aluminate, and tlteir tensile strengths are a/JProximate/y 45 to 65 kg/mm" witlt elongations oj 28 to 35"" at room tem/Jerature 72° alld 120' C, and the ductile Facture with a fille dimple /)(Itlem is ob.ff.rved.


The tensile property of A5082 and A6060 aluminium wrought alloys was investigated, in terms of the strain rate sensitivity on alloy conditions by heat treatment and bake hardenability on pre-strain prior to strain ageing. The tensile test was carried out in a range of strain rate of 4.17 × 10 s ~ 4.17 × 10 s in room temperature and the nominal range of pre-strain was 3.0 ~ 10.5%. The tensile deformation of A5082 alloys is characterized as typical case of dynamic strain ageing with negative strain rate sensitivity for all conditions, and the tensile strength indicates a similar level regardless of alloy conditions, except only in full annealed condition. The stress-relief annealing on A6060 alloys can induce practical decrease in strength level of over approximately 100 MPa without any ductility loss, compared to as-rolled condition, while a full annealed and aged condition leads remarkable strengthening effect with the decrease of tensile elongation. Additionally, the bake hardenability of A5082 alloy by strain ageing indicates a negative dependence upon the increase of pre-strain, while A6060 alloy exhibits a positive sign even in low level relatively compared with conventional SPCC. (Received May 27, 2020; Revised June 10, 2020; Accepted June 16, 2020)


Thomas C. Westfall, PhD, is the William Beaumont Professor and Chair Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction Over the years it has been customary at many medical schools in the United States and Canada to conduct live animal exercises or demonstrations (dogs, cats, pigs, etc.) to illustrate the physiological and pharmacological actions of autonomic and cardiovascular drugs. In fact several generations of medical students have learned practical aspects of autonomic and cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology from such traditional exercises. During these exercises, students would spend three to four hours injecting drugs, monitoring responses such as blood pressure, heart rate and respiration and discussing the various possible mechanisms of their observations. Although these exercises were thought to be very valuable and were of high educational impact numerous reasons have caused most medical schools, including Saint Louis University, to discontinue such live animal labs. These have included increasing costs of animals and equipment, shortage of qualified demonstrators and concerns about animal welfare issues. Over the last six years in the Principles of Pharmacology Course at Saint Louis University we have substituted such live animal demonstrations with the use of high fidelity human simulators in an operating room setting to illustrate, describe and discuss the physiological and pharmacological actions of cardiovascular and autonomic drugs. These exercises have been extremely popular with the students, carry a high educational impact and represent an exciting substitute to live animal exercises.


In the daily price market, effective price forecasting in presence of the noisy data and intricate load features are important in deregulated power system. This paper presents a novel method of wavelet transform (WT) with data pre-filtering a prediction network based on time series time delay artificial neural network (TSDNN), and an error predicting algorithm based on TSDNN to forecast electricity prices of AEMC market for 2015. Filtered price is decomposed into various components at various frequencies using wavelet decomposition, seperate neural networks (NN) are applied to record individual components, finally results are then combined for final forecasts. Zero phase filter (ZPF) is applied to remove the delay. Error Prediction is shown through the box-plot distribution. Furthermore, low values obtained for the root mean square error (RMS) and mean absolute error (MAE) shows high accuracy of the proposed model. Numerical comparison signifies the effects of data pre-filtering and the accuracy of wavelet neural networks (WNN) based on a data set from AEMC Australia Market.


With the more and more popularized network today,more and more students access to the Internet a long time,use the QQ space to chat and play more and more.By using the C++ Builder 6.0 programming to draw the students class time,Internet time and the time of rest,and comparing the post time and the curriculum schedule,this paper analyzes college students' time spent online,and the degree of online addiction can be understood and judged intuitively,thus it may help the tutors to know their students and do their management work more properly.


1 Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3 Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam, 4 Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam, Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 7 Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore


Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), a Chinese herbal medicine, was cultivated under three conditions of selenium enrichment. Fifteen trace and minor elements were determined in different tissues of the plant by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry after microwave digestion. The goals of this work were to investigate the concentrations of trace elements in Danshen and determine whether the element concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu exceeded the safety standards; to compare the concentrations of fifteen elements in roots, stems, and leaves of Danshen under the same selenium enrichment level; to compare the concentrations of fifteen elements in the same tissue of Danshen under different selenium enrichment levels; and to compare the translocation factors after selenium enrichment. The results showed that the concentrations of elements As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu in roots were lower than the specified values. In general, under the same selenium enrichment conditions, the elemental concentrations in roots were lower than those in stems and leaves. Furthermore, most element concentrations in leaves were higher than those in stems. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg in roots decreased while other elemental concentrations increased after selenium enrichment. Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg were primarily transferred to stems and leaves when cultivated under selenium enrichment.


One of the most active research areas for computer science and telecommunication researcher is the wireless sensor networks. Usually after the deployment of sensor nodes in the hazardous, hostile or remote areas, these nodes work on their own. These sensors nodes will have to perform their function with scare and none replenish able power resources. One of the main design objectives for these networks is Energy efficiency. This paper presented the obstacle and challenges in the design and development of power aware medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks.


Objective to explore the characteristics of common upper gastrointestinal diseases.Methods Statistical analysis was performed on 9283 cases of upper gastrointestinal disease diagnosed by Gastroscopy.Results Among 9283 cases of upper gastrointestinal disease, the ratio between male and female is 2.91:1.The chronic gastroenteritis was the most often seen and peptic ulcer was common.Then the sequence were tumor、oesophagus/fundus of the stomach varicosity、prolapse of gastric mucosa、Mallory-weiss syndyome、diverticulum、parasite and so on.Among peptic ulcers,the duodenal ulcer was common(14.22%),subsequently followed by gastric ulcer(4.79%)and compound ulcer(2.01%).The vulnerable parts to duodenal ulcer were anterior wall(57.35%)、greater curvature(20.15%)、lesser curvature( 11.59% )、posterior wall(9.39%)、postbulbar ulcer(1.52%)as sequence;The vulnerable parts to gastric ulcer were sequentially gastric angul(42.25%)、gastric antrum(35.28%)、gastric body(11.24%)、pyloric canal(7.42%)、gastric cardia and fundus (3.82%).There were 55 cases of disease of abnormality in the duodenal descending part.Conclusion The incidence of upper gastrointestinal disease is high among male and the common disease are chronic gastroenteritis、peptic ulcer、tumor and so on.The duodenitis have a significant correlation with the duodernal ulcer.The examination for the duodenal descending part could be operated as routine gastroscope examination.


In the emerging Internet of Things (IOT), lookup service or discovery service plays a critical role, however, current lookup services and discovery services of IoT have not been widely adopted due to some drawbacks or bottlenecks, as well as the item-level lookup service is still missing, moreover, enhancing security and privacy protection does not get enough attention. Therefore, based on the object discovery service architecture (ODSA) a distributed serial number level object discovery service architecture using Chord for the IOT, a security-based application level lookup protocol was provided to enhance the overall security and privacy protection for ODSA. Additionally, some analysis and discussion were given to validate and evaluate our solution. The results show that our solution is available.


The United States is well placed to remain the leading power in the twenty-first century, but it will have to learn to work with other countries to share the leadership role. Washington should adopt a strategy of providing global public goods analogous to the role the United Kingdom played in the nineteenth century, and it will need to combine its 'soft-power' and 'hard-power' resources into a 'smart-power' strategy. The paradox of American power in this century is that the largest power since the Roman Empire cannot achieve its objectives by acting alone.


T he panel chair, Glen Gabbard, opened the two-day panel with some reflections on the place of mentalization theory in psychoanalytic discourse. Although in recent years we have had few new paradigms, mentalization theory appears to be a genuinely new model of psychoanalytic developmental and clinical theory. This model extends the clinical observations of object relations theory and calls to mind Fairbairn's assertion that the libidinal motivation of the infant is primarily "object seeking." Mentalization theory provides models both of early childhood psychological development and of psychotherapeutic practice. The fundamental therapeutic application of mentalization to psychodynamic technique lies in the observation that adult patients may experience corrective developmental experiences "when the patient finds himself in the eyes of the therapist."


The construction of the large size radiotelescope for the millimetre wave range requires measuring the line deformation of mirror's surface and the angle deviations of the mirror axles. Following issues dealing with this problem are described in this article: 1) the design of the angle deformation measurement system on the base of the autocollimation method; 2) the autoreflection scheme as the new type of the optic-electronic autocollimator; 3) the design of the line deformation measurement system on the base of the triangular method. The great attention during the research was paid to the experimental approval of the theoretical results. The parameters of the experimental setups are: infrared emission diode AL107B by power 15 mWt as sources of radiation; the objective by the focal length 500 mm as aperture of receiver video-camera, the CMOS matrix receiver by type OV05620 Color CMOS QSXGA with 2592*1944 pixels and one pixel size (2.2*2.2) μm2 produced by OmniVision as image analyzer. The experimental error of the angle measuring system is 1.6 arc. seconds at the angular region 16 arc. minutes for 22 m distance. The experimental error of the line measurement is 0.15 mm at the range 30 mm on a working distance 18 m. This result allows the practice measuring of the construction deformations for the new large rotateable radio telescope RT-70 Suffa.


Mental capacities are an essential basis on which people give moral concern to nonhuman animals. Hence, it is important to investigate public perceptions of animal mind and the factors underlying these perceptions. Although research into citizen beliefs in animal mind has been increasing, population-based studies utilizing multivariate methods have been scarce. In this article, public perceptions of animal mind are investigated with a nationwide survey in Finland ( n = 1,824). Eight animal species positioned differently in cultural categorizations are included in the analysis. Dogs were ascribed the most capacities, followed by cows, pigs, wolves, and elk. Citizens expressed a low belief in the mental capacities of chicken, salmon, and shrimp. Classifying animals as companions, food, and threat influences the perceptions of animal mind. Young age, having a companion animal, valuing societal equality, and concern for animal welfare and for animal utilization are connected to a greater belief in animal mind.


The present invention relates to a forwarding mode automatic conversion method of a mobile communication terminal, to determine the current external illuminance and the noise level through the illumination and noise detected, check the embodiment fitness of each incoming modes preset according to an external illuminance and the noise level of the confirmation to determine the first phase to the current user's calendar that, to determine the current position coordinates with the second stage and the GPS (Global Positioning system) receiving device to determine the embodiments fit of the incoming mode previously set in accordance with the confirmed schedule , the check for the third step and the use history of each of the destination mode of the current prior to verify the identified location coordinates a certain distance range time rate, each incoming mode was used for all modes in the originating from the, above-identified by estimating the use history statistically, comprising: a fourth step of detecting individual-mode by the called embodiments fit to the current, And calculating the first step, second step, third step and the integration degree suitable embodiment each forwarding mode in at least one of the step 4, the mobile communication terminal characterized in that it applies to the reception mode with the largest value by the use of the called automatic mode conversion method, the most appropriate destination mode in consideration of the current situation of the user it can be automatically provided. Forwarding mode, the mobile communication terminal, mobile phone, ambient conditions, automatically convert


A strained Ge-on-insulator (GOI) structure with a 7-nm-thick Ge layer was fabricated for applications to high-speed transistors. The GOI layer was formed by thermal oxidation of a strained SiGe layer grown epitaxially on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. In transmission electron microscopy measurements, the obtained GOI layer exhibited a single-crystal structure with the identical orientation to an original SOI substrate and a smooth Ge/SiO2 interface. The rms of the surface roughness of the GOI layer was evaluated to be 0.4 nm by atomic force microscopy. The residual Si fraction in the GOI layer was estimated to be lower than the detection limit of Raman spectroscopy of 0.5% and also than the electron energy loss spectroscope measurements of 3%. It was found that the obtained GOI layer was compressively strained with a strain of 1.1%, which was estimated by the Raman spectroscopy. Judging from the observed crystal quality and the strain value, this technique is promising for fabrication of high-mobilit...


Influenza A virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and remains to be medically important throughout centuries. Recent emergency of avian H5 influenza in Southeast Asia highlights the unpredictability of this pathogen. In particular, these incidences have raised serious concerns on the possibility of the emergence of a new pandemic strains to humans. In last two pandemics, beyond acquiring the glycoproteins as designated, the pandemic strains H2N2 in 1957 and H3N2 in 1968 possessed also a polymerase subunit from their avian counterparts. Whereas the properties of the viral trimeric polymerase complex formed by polymerase basic 2 (PB2), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), and polymerase acid (PA) were suggested to play part in adaptation and virulence of H5N1 in mammalian species (Gabriel et al., 2005, Hatta et al., 2001, Salomon et al., 2006). Better understandings on the compatibility between influenza polymerase subunits from different stains would therefore be extremely important for influenza pandemic preparedness. Recombinant viruses with single polymerase genes swapped up between H1 and a H5 strain were generated by a plasmidbased reverse genetics system (Hoffmann et al., 2002). All studied polymerase recombinants were viable however with a diverse phenotype and growth kinetics. The luciferasereporter based polymerase transcriptional activity analyses and primer extension studies revealed that polymerase constellations associated with their functions. Furthermore, investigation on the virulence of these mutants in small animal is currently undergoing. Results from this study revealed that the compatibility between avian and human viral polymerase subunits could be complex. This studied model might allow elucidating the prerequisites for the reassortment of polymerase genes from different strains. Further efforts will be made to identify the cause of this alternated function, which might help to identify the requirements for an avian influenza polymerase in achieving an effective function in mammalian species, which may help to predict the possibility of an avian H5N1 viral polymerase to fully adapt in humans.


How to sustain our world for future generations has perplexed us for centuries. This book uses systems thinking to understand the dominant forces that are shaping our hope for sustainability. It first describes a mental model - the bubble that holds our beliefs - that emerges from preponderant world views and explains current global trends. The model emphasizes economic growth and drives behavior toward short-term and self-motivated outcomes that thwart sustainability. The book then weaves statistical trends into a system diagram and shows how the economic, environmental, and societal contributors of sustainability interact. From this holistic perspective, it finds leverage points where actions can be most effective and combines eight areas of intervention into an integrated plan. By emphasizing both individual and collective actions, it addresses the conundrum of how to blend human nature with sustainability. Finally, it identifies primary three lessons we can learn by applying systems thinking to sustainability. Its metaphor-rich and accessible style makes the complex topic approachable and allows the reader to appreciate the intricate balance required to sustain life on Earth.


We investigate the frequency conversion in a waveguide by dynamically modulating the real and imaginary parts of permittivity, namely, the complex modulation. A single frequency of incident light could convert into many discrete frequencies with equivalent intervals, which is analogous to discrete diffraction in spatial waveguide arrays. We develop a coupled mode theory to analyze the frequency conversion process and show the complex modulation results in a complex-valued coupling coefficient between adjacent frequency channels. The coupling strength can be flexibly tuned by controlling the modulation amplitudes. Moreover, the complex coupling becomes asymmetric with increasing the modulation phase difference between the real and imaginary parts of permittivity. The capability to control the complex coupling leads to new features in discrete diffraction in the frequency dimension, including the unidirectional transport and equalization of light intensities at different channels. The study may find interesting applications in frequency comb generators and frequency controllers.


The laminar forced convective heat transfer in plane microchannel has been investigated numerically. The parallel plates making the boundaries are kept at constant, but different temperatures, which differs from the literature available. The heat transfer in plane Microchannels exposed to a thermal asymmetry are useful to improve the heat dissipation of electronic devices and give a good guidance for the size of the microchannel or nanochannel. The energy equation is solved by separation of variables. Velocity slip condition, temperature jump condition, axial heat conduction are included. The analytical expressions of temperature field and Nusselt number are achieved. Simulation of heat transfer in parallel plates is conducted and it is reveled that in the fully developed region the Nusselt numbers become one. The plane microchannel has larger ability of heat transfer in the thermal entrance region; The length of the entrance increases with the Peclet number. In developing region, the Nusselt numbers of the bottom wall become zero and might experience discontinuities thereby jumping from one to infinite negative. The results when we set the wall symmetry temperature is in good agreement with the results of the classical theory which the Nusselt numbers become 7.54.


With the passage of years, structural work with pancreatic ribonuL.:ase has been carried out by an increasingly large group of investigators. It will be impossible in the space available here to be particularly comprehensive in dealing with so much work or, for that matter, fully to do justice even to those aspects with which I am most familiar. The present is nevertheless an appropriate time to attempt a brief summary of the current status of the problem posed by the structure of ribonuclease; from this summary it may be possible to discern certain trends in future work. It is appropriate to begin this recapitulation by reminding ourselves that the advances now being made in the chemical investigation of protein structure are the logical outgrowth of the fundamental studies made almost twenty years ago in the laboratories of A. J. P. Martin and R. L. M. Synge, and of F. Sanger, in Cambridge, England. The original and far-ranging investigations of these workers were responsible for the introduction of what by now have become standard methods of approach and procedure in the polypeptide field. It was the dramatic success, attained through the application of these methods by Sanger and his colleagues, particularly H. Tuppy and E. 0. P. Thompson,la2 in the elucidation of the amino acid sequences of the polypeptide chains in insulin, that stimulated and encouraged others to undertake structural studies with larger polypeptides. Particularly noteworthy successes have since then been attained with the establishment of the structures of a number of polypeptide hormones, notably the corticotrophins,3e4V5 glucagon,6 and the melanocyte stimulating hormones.' *8.9 When the present studies with ribonuclease were initiated in 1954 several considerations had influenced the selection of the protein for structural work. Ribonuclease had long been recognized as an enzyme of exceptional stability. Indeed it was this attribute that led to its discovery in pancreatin by Jones in 1918.1° The fundamental work of Kunitz" on the isolation of ribonuclease from acid extracts of bovine pancreas made this enzyme a readily accessible material with which to conduct structural studies. RothenI2 had demonstrated that the crystalline enzyme isolated by Kunitz possessed a molecular weight of approximately 14,000 or roughly twice the molecular weight of the insulin monomer. The choice of ribonuclease therefore represented a reasonable advance up the molecular weight scale of proteins. The analytical studies of Brand and his associates" had established the fact that the crystalline enzyme, like insulin, does not contain tryptophan, an amino acid of exceptional lability to acids and oxidizing agents, which made its absence a desirable feature in structure work. Ribonuclease was one of the first proteins to be chromatographed successfully.13J4 A convenient procedure was therefore available for assessing the homogeneity of the material used for structural studies.


We develop a model of rational bubbles, based on the assumptions of unknown market liquidity and limited liability of traders. In a bubble, the price of an asset rises dynamically above its steady-state value, which must be justified by rational expectations about possible future price developments. The higher the expected future price increase, the more likely is the market potential reached, in which case the bubble will burst. Depending on the interaction of uncertainty about the market liquidity, fundamental riskiness of the asset, the compensation scheme of the fonds manager, and the risk-free interest rate, we give a condition for whether rational bubbles are possible. Based on this analysis, several widely-discussed policy measures are investigated with respect to their effectiveness to prevent bubbles. A modified Taylor rule, long-term compensation, and capital requirements can have the desired effect. Caps on bonuses and a Tobin tax can create or destroy the possibility of bubbles, depending on their implementation.


A capability to couple NASA production CFD code, Loci/CHEM, with CFDRC's structural finite element code, CoBi, has been developed. This paper summarizes the efforts in applying the installed coupling software to demonstrate/investigate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between pressure wave and flexible inhibitor inside reusable solid rocket motor (RSRM). First a unified governing equation for both fluid and structure is presented, then an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is described to satisfy the interfacial continuity requirements. The features of fluid solver, Loci/CHEM and structural solver, CoBi, are discussed before the coupling methodology of the solvers is described. The simulation uses production level CFD LES turbulence model with a grid resolution of 80 million cells. The flexible inhibitor is modeled with full 3D shell elements. Verifications against analytical solutions of structural model under steady uniform pressure condition and under dynamic condition of modal analysis show excellent agreements in terms of displacement distribution and eigen modal frequencies. The preliminary coupled result shows that due to acoustic coupling, the dynamics of one of the more flexible inhibitors shift from its first modal frequency to the first acoustic frequency of the solid rocket motor.