In the present work, the nonlinear evolution of 3D kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) has been investigated in solar wind plasmas. By taking the adiabatic response of background density the nonlinearity arises because of ponderomotive effects. The dynamical equations governing the dynamics of 3D KAW and whistler are obtained. We have performed the numerical simulation using pseudospectral method to study the evolution of the nonlinear localized structures of KAW in the solar wind at 1 AU. The interaction between 3D KAW and the amplification of weak whistler signal propagating in the localized structures of KAW has also been studied semi‐analytically to have an insight of the localization process. The relevance of the present work to the solar wind turbulence is discussed.


Isomer ratios and mean angular momenta are obtained both for photofission products of Np, U and for nuclei Sb and In. Photonuclear reactions Sb(γ,n)Sb, Sb(γ,n)Sb, Sn(γ,p)In were studied in the last cases. The technique of gamma-ray spectrometry for isomeric ratio determination was used. Target nuclei were irradiated by bremsstrahlung spectrum of microtron M-30. Comparison of isomer ratios calculated by Empire II code with experimental data was performed. Effects of the nuclear structure model parameters on values of isomer ratios are discussed. PACS: 25.20.-x, 25.85.-w, 24.10.-i


This paper surveys what we know about international R&D spillovers, with a particular attention devoted to the business literature that link the R&D internationalization to economic performance. Despite the fact that there is a large literature on the internationalization of R&D at the country level, there are only few studies that examine the implications of international innovation and research activities at different levels of disaggregation. The few studies that exist emphasize the significance of international R&D and R&D offshoring in promoting economic performance. However, the existing literature comes finally with different conclusion as regards the relative importance of international spillovers and, the evidences presented so far with respect to R&D offshoring are still far from being conclusive.


The invention discloses an electrolysis device and an electrolysis method for preparing hypochlorous acid. The electrolysis device comprises a box body provided with an acid inlet and a gas outlet, and an electrode sheet group located in the box body, wherein the electrode sheet group is formed by arranging a plurality of electrode sheets at intervals; an electrode conducting end led out of the box body is fixed on each of the electrode sheets at the head and the tail in the electrode sheet group; and the chlorine gas generated through electrolysis in the electrolysis device is discharged through the gas outlet and mixed with an aqueous solution to obtain a hypochlorous acid aqueous solution. In the electrolysis method, a hydrochloric acid solution is used as an electrolysis solution, the electrode sheets are made from platinum-plated metallic titanium, and the chlorine gas is generated through electrolysis. According to the electrolysis device disclosed by the invention, the electrode sheet group is adopted, the electrode sheets are arranged at intervals, the electrode sheets at the head and the tail are connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of an external power supply respectively, and the electrode sheet arranged at the middle participating in an electrolysis reaction through a weak current in the electrolysis solution instead of being directly connected with electricity. The electrolysis device disclosed by the invention is capable of generating the chlorine gas with an enough amount under a small volume, and hypochlorous acid water with a disinfection effect can be obtained through a reaction between the chlorine gas and water.


: Recently, the interest in marine leisure activities has been growing rapidly with the work-life balance trend. In response to this demand, the Korean government is supporting fostering and revitalizing the relevant industries and facilities. In particular, a marina has been making efforts to change itself into a resort with multiple amenities instead of a simple mooring facility. However, the facilities in a marina for the transport of marine leisure equipment mostly consist of cranes and boat-lifts using ropes, which can result in incidents such as damage and accidents during lifting or movement. This paper proposes the equipment and support system for the safe transportation of marine leisure ships. Aluminum transport equipment was designed by performing a structural analysis to achieve a lighter weight than the existing steel products. In addition, a safety support system with alarms for tilting or obstacles and a slope monitoring system was developed to enhance the safety during operation and transportation. The safety support system developed in this study was implemented and installed in the transport system, and verified through commissioning on land.


This article analyzes two forms of accounting fraud from objective and subjective perspectives.Then,the reasons of accounting fraud are illustrated in five aspects,such as: accountants,business managers,financial management system,inner supervising system and regulations of accounting system. Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions,which from different perspectives like enhancing qualification standards,improving performance appraisals,strengthening inner financial control,completing accounting theory of our country and emphasizing the roles of financial managers both in the company and in the society,were given to solve the problem.


The development of digital technologies in all spheres of public life is an actual issue for states. Globalization processes spawn the need for broad integration, where digital technologies come to the fore on the development of an effective state with law-making that meets modern requirements. The use of digital technologies allows legal monitoring of the legislation system, ensuring the elimination of gaps, duplication, changes in the legislative acts. The article considers the problems of informatization and digitalization of law-making activity in the Kyrgyz Republic. The object of the study is public relations arising in the process of informatization and digitalization of the law-making activity of state authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical problems of the introduction and further development of information and digital technologies in the legislative process of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic to increase the level of adopted regulatory legal acts and the effectiveness of lawmaking in general. While studying the problem, universal and specific scientific methods of cognition were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, historical and comparative. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the activity on the adoption, amendment and repeal of normative legal acts should correspond to a dynamically developing economy.


State-owned forestry farm has particularity.Using the reform method of state-owned industry enterprise and experience of job responsibility system in countryside for reference.In allusion to the particularity,people should handle the relation well between the unemployment and reemployment,pay the reform cost rational and prevent the lost of state-owned assets,get enterprise vigor and strengthen the control of resource,short-term benefit and long-term benefit.Be notice to grasp the critical segment to solve the surplus labor,mechanism transform,the management of state-owned asset,the reform of joint-stock cooperate company and limited responsibility company,and the government should formulate policy to support the reformation of state-owned forestry farm.


Makes good use of the advantages of MatLab in drawing and numerical computing, combining the characteristic of Higher Mathematics and MatLab, illustrates three application of MatLab in teaching of Higher Mathematics.


Efficient payment systems are essential components of well-functioning economies and financial markets, facilitating the exchange of goods, services, and assets.


The paper investigated the effect of climate change on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018. Agricultural sector output was disaggregated into crop, livestock, forestry, and fishery. The selected climate change variables are temperature, rainfall, and greenhouse gas emission. Data were collected from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and the Climate Change Knowledge Portal published by the World Bank. The pre-estimation (unit root and bond co integration) tests revealed the time series are integrated of order 0 and 1 and that a long run relationship only exists among the selected variables in the crop and fishery output models. The study found out that, while temperature had negative impact on crop and fishery production, it had positive results on livestock and forestry production. Secondly, while rainfall had positive results on crop and fishery production, it was found to have negative impact on livestock output. Food security is threatened by climate change in Nigeria. Hence, ministries and agencies of the government must work to achieve some remarkable feat in reduction of climate change in Nigeria. Specifically, government active participation in the crusade to save the environment by policies formulation and affirmative action by supporting agencies like Nigeria Meteorological Agencies, NEMA, and National Orientation agency in their drive for safer environment is highly recommended.


Through history, anecdotes, highlights and quotations, this work recreates for the reader the best of the best, at their best. The author devotes a chapter each to the most memorable seasons of some of Major League Baseball's greatest players, including Christy Mathewson (1908), Ty Cobb (1911), Babe Ruth (1921), Rogers Hornsby (1922), George Sisler (1922), Hack Wilson (1930), Jimmie Foxx (1932), Dizzy Dean (1934), Lou Gehrig (1936), Hank Greenberg (1937), Ted Williams (1941), Bob Feller (1946), Stan Musial (1948), Joe DiMaggio (1948) and Jackie Robinson (1949).


Abstract Introduction Early health profession learners hold stereotypes about their own and other professions. Socialising students through interprofessional education (IPE) early in their training facilitates the development of their beliefs and values surrounding their professional and interprofessional identities. This study evaluates the effect of a 3-week, virtual IPE intervention in early health professional learners. Methods Students reflected on their functioning as an interprofessional team through discussion and written prompts which were coded by two faculty members for themes and trends. Exposure to developing an interprofessional identity and socialisation within an IPE team were measured through pre- and post-intervention surveys containing the Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS). Results Students increased their positive attitudes towards IPE from pre- to post-intervention module as well as socialisation and readiness across all ISVS subscales: self-perception of working together, value, and comfort (all p < .001). Students reflected that 'taking time to get to know each other' (n = 23 teams; 42%) and 'allowing everyone to contribute' (= 17; 31%) were key factors for team development. Individual reflections on what students would work on the next time they worked in an interprofessional team revealed 'communication' as important (n = 87; 45%). Discussion Health profession students who engaged in the module reflected on how their interprofessional team functioned and identified what helped or hindered them to work as a team. The opportunities to reflect on how their own professional identity within the context of an interprofessional team led to evidence of socialising into an interprofessional team. Students who are challenged to socialise into a team early in their education will better understand their beliefs and values surrounding interprofessional collaboration.


216 sedentary women were assigned to an exercise & no diet group (E); an exercise & high calorie diet (HCD) group (2,600 kcals/d for 1 wk at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 9 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks...


Aim:To observe the effects of CD99 gene transfection on the phenotype,cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of L428 cells.Methods:L428 cells were allocated into 3 groups:cells transfected with CD99 gene,those with empty plasmid,and L428 cells without treatment.Immunocytochemistry was applied to detect CD15,CD30,and CD99 expression.Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with the other 2 groups,L428 cells transfected with CD99 showed no expression of CD15 or CD30,but that of CD99.In addition,cell cycle arrested at G2/M(F=24.85,P0.001)and increase of cellular apoptosis was detected in L428 cells transfected with CD99(F=45.30,P0.001).Conclusion:CD99 may play an important role in the occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma.


Among all malignant diseases, lung cancer is the most frequent cause of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). PURPOSE: Analysis of the role of radiation therapy in superior vena cava syndrome caused by lung cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analysed 48 patients presented with superior vena cava syndrome caused by lung cancer, treated with radiation therapy between January 2000 and December 2001 at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia. 23 patients had histopathological diagnosis small cell, 20 squamous cell and 5 adeno carcinoma. Radiation therapy treatment carried out in Linear accelerator energy (E10MeV), and regimes of radiotherapy depended on the performance status, histopathological form and clinical stage. RESULTS 30 patients (62.5%) after treatment with radiation therapy were without SVCS. Survival depended on histological form and clinical stage. CONCLUSION Radiation therapy has its place in the treatment of SVCS caused by lung cancer, in 62.5% in this study and in liturature in 70% of the cases. SVCS dioes not influence survival. Survival depends on histopatological form and clinical stage.


A high degree of interindividual variation in cyclophosphamide (CPA) pharmacokinetics was reported in certain cancer patient groups. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the variation in CPA metabolism, the pharmacokinetics of CPA and its active metabolite 4-OH-CPA were estimated in patients with hematological tumors and related to the genotype of CYP2B6 , CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 . The influence of liver function on CPA metabolism was also evaluated. Twenty-nine patients with hematological malignancies (MM, ALL or NHL) treated with a conventional CPA dose (1 g/m²) were recruited to this study. Blood samples were collected before, during and after CPA treatment. HPLC was used to measure plasma concentrations of CPA and 4-OH-CPA. Patients were genotyped for the CYP2B6 G516T , CYP2C9*2 , CYP2C9*3 , CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles. Serum bilirubin levels were measured before the treatment. Data was analyzed individually and by population pharmacokinetic methods, using non-linear mixed effect modeling. The interindividual variability in exposure to CPA, 4-OHCPA and 4-OH-CPA/CPA was 5.8-, 3.3- and 10.3- fold, respectively. A positive correlation was found between half-lives of CPA and 4-OH-CPA (p CYP2B6 G516T variant allele was about twice the wild type gene while the genotype of CYP2C9 did not influence clearance. A negative correlation was observed between bilirubin level and CPA bioactivation. There is a considerable variation in CPA formation of 4-OH-CPA among patients. The liver function influences CPA metabolism. Presence of the CYP2B6 G516T mutation increases the rate of 4-OH-CPA formation, a substantial variation among patients remain to be explained.


Credit scoring focuses on the development of empirical models to support the financial decision‐making processes of financial institutions and credit industries. It makes use of applicants' historical data and statistical or machine learning techniques to assess the risk associated with an applicant. However, the historical data may consist of redundant and noisy features that affect the performance of credit scoring models. The main focus of this paper is to develop a hybrid model, combining feature selection and a multilayer ensemble classifier framework, to improve the predictive performance of credit scoring. The proposed hybrid credit scoring model is modeled in three phases. The initial phase constitutes preprocessing and assigns ranks and weights to classifiers. In the next phase, the ensemble feature selection approach is applied to the preprocessed dataset. Finally, in the last phase, the dataset with the selected features is used in a multilayer ensemble classifier framework. In addition, a classifier placement algorithm based on the Choquet integral value is designed, as the classifier placement affects the predictive performance of the ensemble framework. The proposed hybrid credit scoring model is validated on real‐world credit scoring datasets, namely, Australian, Japanese, German‐categorical, and German‐numerical datasets.


Selectivity for several classes of competitive reactions is maximized when the feed is located in a highly turbulent region. The usual practice is to feed close to the impeller with a submerged feed pipe. With submerged feeds, however, many mechanical, metallurgical and/or operational problems must be addressed in detailed engineering design. Surface feed remains an attractive configuration, provided byproduct formation can be suppressed. This study reports several promising configurations for surface feed, all of which achieve high selectivity for the third Bourne reaction. In particular, an up-pumping pitched blade turbine (PBTU) located in the upper third of the tank gives very good results. The up-pumping configuration is robust, with little effect of feed configuration or variations in geometry in the bottom of the tank on the selectivity. There is a maximum impeller speed ( N E ) above which air bubbles are entrained into and remain trapped within the tank. A modified form of the Froude number, Fr = N 2 S/g , can be used to identify this critical point ( Fr crit = N 2 E S/g ). When the PBTU is operated at the critical Froude number ( Fr crit ), byproduct yield is equal to the minimum obtained for a submerged feed.


This paper presents a methodology and tool (Power-Profiler) for the optimization of average and peak power consumption in the behavioral synthesis of ASICs. It considers lowering operating voltages, disabling the clock of components not in use, and architectural trade-offs, while also keeping silicon area at reasonable sizes. By attacking the power problem from the behavioral level, it can exploit an application's inherent parallelism to meet the desired performance and compensate for slower and less power-hungry operators.


At first glance, restrictions imposed by the EU and US seem somewhat mechanical. But as Linklaters' Dominic Sanders explains, many questions arise when considered in the context of a transaction


By employing a radar system operating at 23-cm wavelength with the beam directed obliquely, it has been possible to obtain Thomson scatter echoes from the ionosphere in the height range 100–300 km that are free from 'ground clutter' contamination. The measurements obtained with this system therefore supplement earlier results obtained using the Millstone Hill ionospheric radar, which has a vertically directed beam, and make it possible to obtain the electron and ion temperature distribution over the entire height interval 130–800 km approximately. The interpretation of the signal spectrums obtained with the oblique incidence radar requires that an assumption be made about the temperature of either the electrons or the ions, or about the ion composition. In the analysis presented here of the 1964 measurements it was assumed that the ion and neutral temperatures are the same up to a height of about 250 km and that only O+ ions prevail at this height. Thus the ion temperature could be determined for 250-km altitude, and its dependence for lower heights was assumed to follow the same exponential law as in the CIRA 1965 model atmosphere. It was then possible to determine the electron temperature and the ratio of (O+) to (O2+ + NO+) ions in the height range 135–250 km. These results are presented and compared with rocket determinations.


A new mode of solvent-assisted solid-to-solid polymorphic transformation of the first-formed and metastable γ-form into a stable, new α1-form, which occurs during crystallization from individual supersaturated EtOH solutions of a series of (±)-[2-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropoxy)phenylcarbamoyl]ethyl]trimethylammonium p-halobenzenesulfonates [(±)-1], has been found to cause an unusual symmetry-breaking enantiomeric resolution phenomenon called preferential enrichment. This polymorphic transition has been followed by the in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (ReactIR) measurement of the crystallization mixture and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the deposited crystals. The crystal structures with the α1-form have been solved either by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the single crystal or by the direct-space approach employing the Monte Carlo method with the subsequent Rietveld refinement from powder X-ray diffraction data of the powder ...


The objective of this correspondence is to study the singular solutions of the optimal control which minimizes the performance index subject to s et of given conditions.


Electrostatic potential testing is an important parameter for characterization of the electrostatic source. An electrostatic dynamic potential test device based on the principle of "signal virtual shielding-distributed parameter coverage" is proposed for the large sensor volume, complex signal processing and network transmission in current electrostatic dynamic potential tester. The problems of linear distortion and frequency response are solved. The basic principle of electrostatic dynamic potential test is introduced. The design requirements are defined.The hardware and software design and implementation process of electrostatic dynamic potential test device are described in detail. Finally the test verification and application of the device are given.


New-style industrialization means to us e information to bring along the industrialization. New-style industrialization co nstruction needs scientific investment and promotes development by scientific in vestment and speeds up the process of industrialization by exploiting informatio n resources and information industry.


In order to obtain the phenotypic parameters of apple quickly and accurately, which were commonly used as the basis of fruit sorting, a fast estimation method of apple phenotypic parameters based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was proposed in this study. In this study, a three-dimensional model was constructed to estimate the phenotypic parameters of apple, such as volume, height, diameter, and fruit shape index. Firstly, an image acquisition system was built to capture sequence images of fruit with a binocular stereo vision system, and the images were extracted and matched using the Accelerated-KAZE algorithm to create the point cloud data. Secondly, the point cloud data were matched with the algorithm of Iterative Closest Point to establish a whole model of apple, and the surface reconstruction model of fruit was obtained by constructing irregular triangulation network. Finally, the apple phenotypic parameters were calculated by means of segmentation, surface complement and integral of the fruit model. Total of 200 apples were used as samples in the experiment. By this method, the phenotypic parameters of the apples were estimated based on their 3D reconstruction model, and the linear regression analysis was carried out between the estimated values and the real values. The results showed that R2 of the linear regression fitting of each parameter was higher than 0.90. Among them, the fitting of volume was the best with R2 of 0.97. In addition, the average errors of apple volume, height, fruit shape index, maximum diameter D and minimum diameter d were 8.73 cm3, 1.43 mm, 1.28%, 0.90 mm, and 1.23 mm, respectively. According to the Chinese national standard of "fresh Apple", the average error of the estimated result is within the range of allowable error. It indicates that the method of apple phenotypic parameter estimation based on 3D reconstruction has a high accuracy and practicability, and it can be used as the support for fruit sorting.
Keywords: apple, 3D reconstruction, phenotypic parameter, stereo vision system, sequence image, sorting
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211405.6258

Citation: Ma H, Zhu X, Ji J T, Wang H, Jin X, Zhao K X. Rapid estimation of apple phenotypic parameters based on 3D reconstruction. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(5): 180–188.


This paper observed a specific phenomenon with respect to the characteristics of 'irrealis'-sentences in German texts. The 'irrealis'-sentences mean the sentences which have a logical relationship between 'condition and consequence', although they do not contain a wenn-clause. Lots of German grammarians have studied this phenomenon, namely focused on the 'condition-consequence' sentence, but they have dealt with it just in isolated sentences and ignored the contextual conditions. That is the reason why they did not explain and describe its characteristic completely. Taken the awareness of such methodological problems as a starting point, this paper tried to explain the 'irrealis'-sentences without a wenn-clause in view of the concerned contexts. The following factors of these sentences were treated: the conditions of their realization, the formal construction and the contextual structure.


In this report we present all activities realised during the oceanographic cruise named SICILY09, carried out from October 30th November 23rd 2009, on board the R/V URANIA in the central and western Mediterranean basins. CTD, SADCP, LADCP, marine microbic microbiology and baxo corers have been carried on for the following objectives: 1. Water masses characteristics and biological structures from the definition of the main paths of the circulation and the physicalchemical-biological properties (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, primary production, etc) of the water upper, intermediate and deep central (Sicily Strait) and western (Tyrrhenian sea, Sardinia Channel) Mediterranean water masses. Check of the diffusion of the new deep waters found during a cruise in 2005 in the same areas; 2. Validation of numerical models by measurements used to validate four numerical circulation models implemented at IAMC-CNR in Oristano (SCRM32, SCRM48, WMRM, BONIFACIO/LA MADDALENA) and at ISMAR-CNR in La Spezia (box model); 3. Methodological developments • Measurements of velocity profiles by Lowered ADCP; • Periodical maintenance of currentmeters moored in the Sicily Strait and Corsica Channel; • Comparison of different methods for the quantification of Chlorophyll and calibration of the fluorometer coupled with the multiparametric probe through several photochemical techniques.


Rule extraction from artificial neural networks (ANN) addresses the need for symbolic representations to explain an ANN's decisions. The ANNSER rule extraction approach extracts rules from feedforward ANN that are used for classification. The quality of the ANNSER rules reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the ANN and indicates those classes over which the ANN did not generalize well. This paper introduces a new approach to ANN training in which two or more ANNSER learners co-exist in a cooperative multiagent learning environment. The ANNSER learners cooperate by using one another's high quality rules to generate new training instances. In this way, the generalization of the ANN are improved, leading to a set of high quality rules that describe the knowledge embedded in the trained ANN.


Recently many violent and moral degradations occurred in Indonesia have affected most of the youth. The moral degradation symptoms are indicated by the increase of drug abuse, free sex, crime, violent act, and many other disrespectful behaviors. The source of this multidimensional crisis and the nation's downturn is the identity crisis and the failure in developing the nation's character education. The IPS (the social studies) lesson is, in fact, aimed at improving the personal, social, and intellectual competences. Therefore, it is the time to integrate the character education with the school's lessons, particularly in the social studies or IPS in the level of junior high school. In this case, the lesson is expected to be a tool and opportunity for students to develop various good characteristics such as religious, honest, integrited, tolerant, discipline, independent, hard worker, creative, patriotic, and friendly qualities.


The watertightness of solid masonry walls is generally based on the concept of buffering and afterwards drying out the absorbed rainwater. In cavity walls, on the contrary, the air layer provides a capillary break between the inner and outer leafs allowing drainage of rainwater and preventing infiltration to the interior wall surface. For assessing moisture-related risks, heat, air and moisture models have proven to be a valuable tool, but in the case of cavity walls two problems arise: the degree of water infiltration into the cavity is unknown, and no consensus is available on the method that should be used to implement these infiltrations in a simulation. For example, for the existing buildings, it is worthwhile to investigate whether injecting cavity wall insulation induces an increase or decrease in moisture-related pathologies, in contrast to adopting a fixed performance criterion for assessment. However, to complete a thorough analysis of a brick cavity wall, it is first useful to review the hygrothermal behaviour of cavity walls as it has been previously described in the literature. As such, this article provides a summary of experimental water infiltration results for cavity walls as described in the literature, discusses experimental results of four test walls subjected to four test protocols and extracts from these results the water infiltration rate for implementation in heat, air and moisture models. Finally, several methods for implementing the infiltrations in heat, air and moisture simulations are presented and evaluated based on different damage criteria. In general, the new modelling approaches are considered to provide realistic results. Nonetheless, an in situ investigation on whether mortar bridges occur in the cavity due to poor workmanship remains crucial to understanding the hygrothermal response as mortar bridges are found to have a dominant impact on the risk of mould growth at the interior wall surface.


We consider a thin accretion disc of half-thickness H, vertically threaded by a magnetic field. The field is due to contributions from both the disc current and an external current (giving rise to a uniform external field). We derive an integro-differential equation for the evolution of the magnetic field, subject to magnetic diffusivity η and disc accretion with radial velocity v r . The evolution equation is solved numerically, and a steady state is reached. The evolution equation depends upon a single, dimensionless parameter D=2η/(3H|v r |)=(R/H)(η/ν), where the latter equality holds for a viscous disc having viscosity ν. At the disc surface, field lines are bent by angle i from the vertical, such that tan i=1.52D −1


This project aimed to model the microstructure evolution during and following hot deformation using a cellular automaton approach. The flow curves, softening kinetics and final microstructures were used as the input data for the post-deformation simulation to elucidate the effect of dynamic recrystallization on the post-deformation softening.


Fifteen years ago, Mike Gazzaniga founded the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. This year, Mike has decided to step down as Editor-in-Chief and pass on the torch. From the humble beginnings of putting together JOCN in his garage, Mike has transformed JOCN into the leading voice of cognitive neuroscientists, and a journal on steep upward trajectory. This is a tough act to follow and these are big shoes to fill. With the start of JOCN, and a few years later the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Mike launched a scientific discipline. As the new Editors and I undertake the enormous responsibility of carrying on Mike's tradition of handling the publication of JOCN with innovation and integrity, we thought it would be appropriate to begin a our first issue with a few words from Mike himself. As you will see, we have asked him some difficult questions, and as usual, Mike's answers are not only remarkably insightful but will undoubtedly guide and inspire us regarding our direction over the next fifteen years.


Fake news detection aims to distinguish disinformation from social media. The existing fake News detection model, namely Factual News Graph (FANG), is a novel social context representation and learning framework for fake news detection. Focusing on representation learning, this inductive model is superior to conventional contextual models for its efficiency, scalability, and robustness. However, we find that the framework does not take inner/inter variants into consideration. Specifically, this method treats each news item as an independent individual and ignores the latent relationship among them, which may inevitably limit the accuracy. In order to improve the discriminative power, we propose a new model called Discriminative-FANG, which enhances the discriminative power of the model on fake news detection. By means of adding a discriminative regularization term, our model finds deep feature centers of every class and minimizes the distances between all the features and their class centers simultaneously. Thus, it leads to better learning inter-class dispersion as well as intra-class compactness. Moreover, experiments are carried out on several popular Fake News Detection datasets, which verify the better performance of our model than other popular baselines by a large margin.


at A\allsendl. The growtli of this busy centre of sllipbuilding and enigineering is coinicident witlh bis life in the district. It is reflected in hlis associatioli witl tlle public health service. Oni the establishment of tlle Wallsencl Board of Healtlh lhe was appointed part-time miiedlical officer. Later, on the form-iation of tlle urban district counicil, lie was retainled as the miiedical officer, aind more recelntly, wlhen WVallsend becamle a borouglh, he olntinuedl as medical officer to tlC towln counlcil. It is only a little over a year ago that lhe -esigned, and was succeeded by a full-timlle officer. The value( advice, lhowevei-, of Dr. Wilson was still available, for lie was appointed consUlting meedical officer. It will tlhtus be seen that he passed tlhrouglh every phase of the public hlealtli service uip to the timue of his deatlh. Dr. Wilsoli s activity and energy wvere always in evidence; lhe was an ilndefatigable worker, both in hlis public service and in his private practice. From-i the latter he retired about foturteen years ag,o. He was the senior medical referee in the coutntry for the Prudential Insurance Company. At one time he was an active politician and was a staunch Conservative. In hiis later years the tuirmoil of party politics ceased to hiave any charmii for hlimt. He was a devout and devoted member of the Church ef lEngland. He took great interest in the affairs of the British Medical Association, and for mnany years regularly attended the annual mieetings. Dr. Wilson's wife died thLree years ago. H-Ier father, grandfather, and great-grandfatlher were miiedical practitioners, as were several other meiimbers of lher familv. His two sons and fouxr dauiglhters are all living. They are: Dr. Alfred Wilson, who carries on tlle Wallseud practice, anid Dr. Tlhomas Wilson, niow in practice at Gilgandra, New Soutlh Wales; the eldest daughter married Dr. Drury, of Halifax the second, Mr. Artlhur Swordy, of N-ewcastle; the thlird daughter, Dr. Donald Breminer 'Waters, of Walkeringlgam ; and tlle yotlingest, Dr. Williamrl Stuart Milne (Yederated 'Malay State Medical Service). The ftunieral took place at tlle ,Jcsmond Cemetery on Monday, October 20tlh.


Caustic and sintered magnesia are the main products of magnesite thermal treatment. Caustic magnesia is generated by decomposition of MgCO3 to MgO and CO2. Sintered magnesia is generated at high temperatures at which a liquid phase is produced. Caustic magnesia is broadly used product. Because of high basicity, MgO is very convenient for reduction of water and environment acidity. The production of caustic magnesia is currently performed in rotary and multistage furnaces. The production in rotary furnaces comes with a high quantity of flue-dust - up to 35 %. The flue-dust consists of calcinated and partially calcinated particles and of magnesite dust particles with a high proportion of MgO. The flue-dust generated by current technology is captured in dust chambers, cyclones and fiber filters. The captured material is partly used for sinter magnesia production. Rest of the material is commercialized as waste with adequate low prices. In the developing technology, dust is separated from flue-gas and is directly treated in the microfluidic furnace. In the present development stage, the mathematical model of microfluidic furnace based on elementary balance method was created. A model adequacy was carried out on experimental furnace. The pilot microfluidic furnace was developed based on the simulations. The experiments of the flue dust calcination of rotary furnace were executed.


Vaccination of pregnant women for their protection and the protection of the fetus and the child is not common. Health professionals' prejudices about immunization of pregnant women increase the concerns of women and their families. Such behavior is not supported by scientific data. The literature describes the harmlessness of the vaccine for mother and child in the case of seasonal, pandemic or meningococcal flu, pneumococcus, tetanus, acellular pertussis, human papillomavirus, cholera, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, smallpox, yellow fever, mumps, measles and rubella, typhoid fever, inactivated or attenuated polio vaccines, and Bacillus Calmétte Guerin vaccines.
 Many scientific studies show the beneficial effects of the flu vaccine for mother and baby and the pertussis vaccine for the baby. Staff of Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, family doctors and midwives should include vaccinations in their standard clinical care.
Strategies are needed that are effective in reducing parents' reluctance to vaccinate. Every pregnant woman should be aware that the lack of vaccines before pregnancy does not preclude the use of some of them during pregnancy.


Geography education has faced numerous problems in Hungary lately: students’ diminishing interest in Geography, lack of creative and engaging textbooks and educational materials, decreasing weekly lessons, and conservative teaching practices. The MTA-SZTE Research Group on Geography Teaching and Learning set out to change the current circumstances. Our research group aims at laying the foundations for the methodological renewal of Geography education by developing activity-based and problem-oriented educational tools and IT innovations.

One of our central goals is to develop and prepare worksheets for students which concentrate on the geographical characteristics, processes, and problems of some typical Hungarian landscape units as well as cities, and villages. The worksheets, which will be accompanied by a handbook for teachers, are intended to be used from Grade 8 to Grade 13 both in primary and secondary schools. Each worksheet focuses on individual study areas (typical landscapes or regions) and settlements. They all have the same size (4 pages per worksheet) and follow the same structural principles: a short and informative text on the study area, which is followed by activity-based exercises and projects, all of which make use of various challenging and creative exercises comprising of maps, charts, pictures, newspaper articles, blogs, games, and QR codes linking to additional interactive websites.

Our research group also developed the items and the interface of an online survey with which we measured the efficiency and the applicability of the worksheets with the help of volunteering students and teachers who agreed to test them in class. The worksheets were tested in the primary and secondary schools that are affiliated with the research group. The 114 students and 5 teachers who tested the worksheets had to fill in an online survey, and evaluate the worksheets on a 5-point agreement scale, where 1 was the worst and 5 was the best score.

Preliminary results show that the content suitability of the worksheets, with respect to the target age groups’ cognitive abilities, scored low (2.85 average points). The clarity of the subject requirements for the students has the lowest average score (2.75 points). These results can be explained with the main characteristic of the worksheets, i.e. problem-solving thinking. Activities based on problem-solving are very new methods for Hungarian Geography teachers, therefore the teaching goals of this worksheets are is not clear for them.

However, according to the teachers’ responses, the concept of student worksheets is very innovative and adaptable to the needs of the present education (4.65 points), and frees from racial, gender, ethnic, religious prejudice (4.9 points). The teachers also have very positive (4.65 points) opinion about the diversity of the illustrations (pictures, diagrams, graphs, schemas, maps, etc.).

According to the students, the worksheets are very useful for group- and pair-work (4.04 points). The types of questions and exercises are very diverse (4.16 point). Most of the students (57%) visited almost every additional websites of the worksheets with the QR codes.


The interaction potential between neutral magic sodium clusters (consisting of 2, 8, 20, and 40 atoms) is calculated within a two-center jellium model for the ionic cores. The results extend the long-range van der Waals potentials for these systems as determined by Pacheco and Ekardt [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3694 (1992)] to smaller cluster-cluster separations.


Tannic acid, as a surroguate of natural organic matter (NOM), were used as model compound. A study was conducted to evaluate the main disinfection byproducts of sequential use ozone and monochloramine to disinfection in the presence of tannic acid. Results of Disinfection byproduct formation potential show that the main disinfection byproduct include TCM (trichloromethane) and DCAA(dichloroacetic acid). Smaller anounts of TCAA(trichloroacetic acid) were also found. The production of TCM and DCAA increase significantly with the increase of disinfectant dosage(ozone and monochloramine)and temperature. From pH 7-8, more disinfectant byproducts are produced.


The energy recovery ventilator exchanges the heat between exhaust air and outdoor air. Therefore occupants get not only fresh air, but also energy benefit the heating/cooling load. However, when exchanging the energy in the winter season, condensation or frost could occur the outdoor air side or exhaust air side in energy exchanger. These problems harmful to occupants health, and damage the energy exchanger. The preheat coil, which is installed at the outside of energy exchanger, could prevent the condensation, so energy exchanger could be maintained the effectiveness of heat exchange. In this study, we determine the condensation cause of occurrence, the frost threshold temperature of an energy recovery ventilator, and preheat coil capacity to prevent the condensation.


In one example, the device includes one or more processors, one or more processors, the manifest file for the media content, that the media content indicates that comprises a first period and a second period, the manifest file shows that the first period and the second period is continuous, and the first period and advertisement media data for insertion between the second period is determined to be available , based at least in part on signaling properties with respect to the first adaptation set, selecting a first adaptation sets in the first period, based on the selection of the first adaptation set, the first adaptation set Remove the media data, remove the advertisement media data, the first a Based on the selection of up station set, configured to retrieve the media data of the second second adaptation set in the period associated with the first adaptation set, store media data retrieved in the memory .


The dynamic topology of Mobile ad hoc Network {MANET) allows nodes to join and leave the network at any point of time. This dynamic property of MANET has rendered it vulnerable to passive and active attacks by malicious nodes. In this paper we propose a new trust based relationship among the nodes to combat the packet dropping attack. In our scheme we considered the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol for simulation due to its common usage and flexible nature. Simulation results are used to draw conclusions regarding to the proposed scheme and compared it with the standard DSR protocol. Conducted experiments showed that the proposed scheme outscores the traditional DSR protocol in all aspects. Furthermore, the proposed trust enhanced dynamic source routing protocol provides the solution for the possible packet dropping attack in an ad hoc network.


Abstract A method is developed for the design of experiments with mixtures in which the mixture components are categorized (acids, bases, etc.), and each category of components contributes a fixed proportion to the total mixture. The number of categories of mixture components is general (q < ∞), and each category is represented in every mixture by one or more of its member components. The experimentation is to be performed in an ellipsoidal region chosen by the experimenter, subject to the constraints placed on the components. A transformation is made to a spherical region in order that rotatable response surface designs and polynomial models can be used for estimating the response.


In recent years, many articles have promoted uses for "Benford's Law," claimed to identify a nearly ubiquitous distribution pattern for the frequencies of first digits of numbers in many data sets. Detecting fraud in financial and scientific data is a suggested application. Like the Normal and Chi-square distributions, Benford's appears to offer an appealingly clear-cut, mathematically tractable, and widely applicable tool. However, similar to those other models, writers may "assume" the model meets all the assumptions needed for hypothesis testing, without properly examining whether those conditions hold. This paper examines a diverse set of real-world data sets to demonstrate that while Benford's-like patterns are indeed common, Benford's per se is not a unique and universal template for all cases of interest to fraud investigators. This reminds us of how, in general, distributional assumptions can sometimes be overlooked or fail to be critically questioned.


Advances in femtosecond lasers are extending the exploration of multiphoton interactions well into the strong-field regime, the physical situation in which the external field is greater than an atomic unit ( e / a 0 2 ). The performance projected for ultraviolet rare-gas halogen technology is cur rently being realized,1-11 and new near-infrared solid-state systems, such as Ti:Al2O3, are under vigorous development. Both technologies12 should reach a field strength of ~100 e / a 0 2 with instruments that produce an output energy of ~1 J.


This paper presents the results of an oral history project on transsexual and transvestite artists in the Canadian city of Montreal, 1955-1985. Through interviews and archival research, I examine the working conditions of these artists in the city's post-war cabarets and nightlife. Theoretically and methodologically, this research parts ways with current studies of transsexuality, as well as lesbian/gay oral history projects. My research illustrates the centrality of work to an adequate historical understanding of the emergence of transsexuality in Quebec. As such, I argue for the integration of a labour analysis in both historical and contemporary considerations of transsexual lives.


The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in both the clinical manifestations and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As a mucosal surface, the GI tract serves as an important barrier between pathogens in the external environment and the body's sterile internal environment. The tight epithelial junctions and the local immune system of the GI tract protect against pathogenic organisms. However, in the face of HIV infection, normal defenses are disrupted, leading to a wide range of clinical and pathogenic consequences. Gastrointestinal symptoms are reported by 50% to 70% of persons with HIV infection, with even higher percentages among those residing in the developing world. Diarrhea, the most common GI complaint, can occur during both acute HIV infection and advanced disease. Within days of HIV infection, an intense infiltration of virus-laden lymphocytes is present within the bowel wall and may manifest as diarrhea during seroconverting illness.4,5 Over time, chronic changes ensue with diminution of the protective mucosal barrier. Opportunistic infections may occur as the CD4 T-cell count falls below 100 to 200 cells per microliter including a myriad of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens (Fig. 1).2,5,6 Beyond the risk for opportunistic pathogens, HIV itself alters the structure and the function of the GI tract. In 1984, Kotler et al noted histological changes in the GI tracts of patients with HIV in the absence of other defined infectious or malignant etiologies and termed the condition HIVenteropathy. The diagnosis of HIV enteropathy is one of exclusion, requiring a thorough workup of all other potential causes (Fig. 1). The pathogenesis of HIVenteropathy is the result of both direct and indirect effects of the virus: gp120 negatively affects tubulin depolymerization, and induction of local cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor) causes altered epithelial ionic balances and enterocyte apoptosis.1,8,9 These changes result in both structural and immunological abnormalities. On histological sampling of the small intestine and the colon, villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, epithelial hypoproliferation, and CD4 (CD4CD45RA-CD69CCR5) depletion within the lamina propria are seen.5,10,11 The associated inflammation, increased permeability, and malabsorption (of bile acids and vitamin B12) all contribute to the diarrhea that can occur with HIV enteropathy. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), opportunistic etiologies, along with HIV enteropathy, dramatically decreased. Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves not only the systemic immune system but also the local cellular immunity of the GI tract. Hence, HAART became the cornerstone for both the prevention and the treatment of opportunistic GI infections and HIV enteropathy. The case described by Ebama et al highlights this important point; despite therapeutic trials with antimicrobials and nutritional support, diarrhea persisted until HAART was begun. Studies have demonstrated that HIV enteropathy frequently improves within a week of HAART initiation. Why then are we still discussing diarrhea among persons with HIV infection in the HAARTera? Although HAART has clearly reduced the impact of some GI conditions, diarrhea remains an important EDITORIAL COMMENT


In this paper we study the behaviour of solutions of Navier-Stokes equations with adherence to the bottom and traction by wind at the surface when the aspect ratio = depth=lenght of the domain tends to 0. Precisely, we prove that when wind is moderate, a variational solution converges to the solution of a vertical diffusion model. This model is either quasistationary or nonstationary, according to the characteristic time. 1. Introduction This paper is devoted to the solutions of Navier-Stokes equations with Coriolis force, traction by wind at the surface and adherence to the bottom in a thin domain. Their behaviour when the aspect ratio = depth=lenght of the domain tends to 0 is investigated. At first we prove the existence of a variational solution for a fixed , without regularity assumptions on the surfaceO. We only assume that the depth h is continuous onO and that the force f due to the wind is such that h 1=2 f2 (L 2 ((0,T )O)) 2 . Next we prove that a conveniently normalized variational solution of Navier-Stokes equations con- verges as ! 0 when Reynolds and Rossby numbers satisfy Re ! 0a nd 2 Re=Ro ! e. These assumptions may be considered satisfied in some lakes and seas when wind is moderate, see (3, Sec- tion 11). The limit problem is quasistationary when the characteristic time allows water renewing, that is at the climatic scale; it is nonstationary at a shorter scale. The limit problem is hydrostatic, that is, the vertical component of the momentum equation reduces to @Z p = 0. In the quasistationary case, the limit potential p = p(x) is uniquely determined by a 2D degenerated elliptic equation on the surface, and the velocity is explicitely known in terms of Z and rxp(x), see (1). The equation on p degenerates on the shore because the depth h vanishes on it. In the nonstationary case a similar reduction of dimension can be performed on a semi-discretizated in time approximation (work in preparation).


Summary and Conclusions Abnormal embryos and chicks, with relatively short bones, were frequently produced in eggs laid by birds which received diets lacking in some factor or factors present in wheat germ, liver, and whey. The activity, amount or utilization of this factor or these factors was augmented by permitting the birds access to direct sunlight and green range.


A Sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons, and are essentially hardened calcifications of the tendon itself. The largest sesamoid bone in the human body is the patella, which lies suspended in between the quadriceps tendon above and the patellar tendon below. They are found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect, The presence of a bone serves to hold the tendon slightly further away from the centre of the joint this increases its movement, and stops the tendon from flattening into the joint. This differs from menisci, which are made of cartilage and rather act to disperse the weight of the body on joints and reduce friction during movement. There are two sesamoid bones in the thumb, within the adductor pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis tendons, and one in each forefinger and one in each wrist. Each foot also has two sesamoid bones in the ball of the foot, at the base of the big toe, both located within the flexor hallucis brevis tendon. About 2% of the population have a congenital condition in which each sesamoid bone is separated into two parts this condition, known as bi-partite sesamoid bones, can also be caused by trauma, such cases are rare. 2 The tendency to form sesamoids may be linked to intrinsic genetic factors. Evolutionary character analyses suggest that the formation of these sesamoids in humans may be a consequence of phylogeny, observations indicate that variations of intrinsic factors may interact with extrinsic mechanobiological factors to influence sesamoid development and evolution. 3 The sesamoid bones are primarily made of trabecular bone, also called cancellous bone or spongy bone.


Nowadays,group events have become a prominent problem affecting social stability.As a product of the process of social development,the group events change along with the evolution of the ever - changing patterns of social development.The changes in quality and quantity of group events indicate that the group events have more and more effect on the social stability,unity and harmony in our country.Therefore,in the new period of historic transforming in our country,government bodies should take measures and actions in policy and regulation to prevent and deal with group event effectively.


We report a new hemoglobin (Hb) variant, found in a North-East Italian family living in the city of Treviso. The proband, a non anemic 60-year-old male with a history of chronic rhinitis, allergy to Parietaria and suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, was referred for blood gas analysis. Determination of the oxygen affinity revealed a p50 of 32.5 mmHg (control 27.5 mmHg) indicating a moderate decrease in oxygen affinity. An abnormal pattern compatible with an α Hb variant was observed on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); direct sequencing revealed a transition at codon 91 of the α2 gene (HBA2: c.274C>T) changing leucine into phenylalanine. Characterization and phenotype studies are reported.


An apparatus that allows urine collection from female cattle is described. A vinyl bag, which fits over the vulva, has a hose attached at the bottom to direct urine flow to a collection bottle. The bag deflects faeces into collection trays, thus preventing urine contamination. The bag is attached to the animal with 'Velcro' strips glued on with contact cement. The main advantages of this device are the lack of a cumbersome harness, its lightness and the ease of detachment and replacement (if required).


Purpose: Children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) are often excluded 28 from physical education (PE). Opportunities exist to enhance the competence of trainee teachers, 29 thus preparing them for the demands of inclusive PE (IPE). In this study, we examined the effect 30 of IPE training workshops on trainee teachers' self-efficacy for including SEND children within 31 PE. Method: Data was collection from 366 trainee teachers across 44 workshops (63% females; 32 57% primary-school trainees; age, 23 ± 5 y, mean ± standard deviation; age range 18 – 53 y). A 33 pre-post design was used to assess the effect of the workshop and possible moderating factors. 34 Data were analyzed using mixed modelling. Results: IPE training had a large beneficial effect on 35 trainees' self-efficacy (1.61, ±0.21; standardized effect size, 99% confidence limits). Mixed 36 modelling revealed substantial differences in the mean outcome between workshops. The standard 37 deviation (SD) representing this variation between workshops was moderate-sized (SD=0.30, 38 ±0.30). We also found that trainees with an above average sense of self-efficacy at baseline (mean 39 +1SD) were likely to benefit more. Workshop size (0.35, ±0.42) and trainees' perception of 40 workshop quality (0.39, ±0.19) were substantial moderators of changes in self-efficacy. Other 41 moderators with possible substantial effects were trainee specialization and completion of a 42 school-based placement. Conclusion: This study supports the viability of embedding IPE within 43 teacher training. Attention should be paid to trainees' starting points prior to scheduling training. 44 The size of workshops and quality of delivery should also be considered when developing IPE 45 competencies within trainees.


The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of body fat distribution in Japanese young women of various somatotypes. Subjects were 300 female university students who were living in a dormitory. They were classified into the following six groups according to their BMI and percentage of body fat: low-weight group, sham low-weight group, normal group, pre-masked obesity group, masked obesity group, and obesity group. Their body weight, the amount of total and regional body fat, and the level of visceral fat were measured by BIA. The data showed that as the somatotype of the subjects became obese, the ratio of their body fat in the lower part of the body to that of the upper part of the body was significantly high. The percentage of the body fat of their arms and trunk against the total amount of the body fat was significantly high as well. In contrast, the percentage of the body fat in their legs against the total amount of the body fat was significantly low. These results showed that there was a difference in the distribution of body fat according to one's somatotype. As one's somatotype became obese, the body fat tended to distribute in the trunk, while as the somatotype became low-weight, the body fat tended to distribute in the legs.


The survival rate among extremely preterm babies — those born at 24 to 27 weeks of gestation — is about 75%, and there is a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems. Reducing the rates of complications and death among these infants is a key research area. Traditionally, extremely preterm babies have been treated with intubation and ventilation soon after birth. However, these interventions may contribute to lung injury. Many infants breathe adequately but not normally at birth, and some can be assisted with the less invasive strategy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and receive ventilation and surfactant only if . . .


A novel adamantane-containing epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-adamantane (DGEBAda) was successfully synthesized from 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)adamantane by a one-step method. The proposed structure of the epoxy resin was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, 1H-NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and epoxy equivalent weight titration. The synthesized adamantane-containing epoxy resin was cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and dicyandiamide (DICY). The thermal properties of the DDS-cured epoxy were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric properties of the DICY-cured epoxy were determined from its dielectric spectrum. The obtained results were compared with those of commercially available diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), a tetramethyl biphenol (TMBP)/epoxy system, and some other associated epoxy resins. According to the measured values, the glass-transition temperature of the DGEBAda/DDS system (223°C) was higher than that of the DGEBA/DDS system and close to that of the TMBP/DDS system. TGA results showed that the DGEBAda/DDS system had a higher char yield (25.02%) and integral procedure decomposition temperature (850.7°C); however, the 5 wt % degradation temperature was lower than that of DDS-cured DGEBA and TMBP. Moreover, DGEBAda/DDS had reduced moisture absorption and lower dielectric properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007


Three cases of anaphylactic reactions to patent blue used during sentinel lymph node biopsy are presented. One of the cases was serious. We also give recommendations for treatment of this complication.


OBJECTIVE — Discordances between HbA 1c and other measures of glycemic control are common in clinical practice and remain unexplained. We developed a measure of discordance between HbA 1c and fructosamine (FA) (glycosylated serum proteins) to conduct a systematic evaluation. We termed this the glycosylation gap (GG) and sought to determine its relationship to diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — Measurements of HbA 1c and FA on the same sample in 153 people were used to calculate GG, defined as the difference between measured HbA 1c and HbA 1c predicted from FA based on the population regression of HbA 1c on FA. RESULTS — GG had a broad distribution (range, Ϫ3.2% to 5.5%); 40% of samples had values indicating major differences in prediction of complications risk by the measured versus predicted HbA 1c. GG was highly correlated (r ϭ 0.81) between measurements repeated in 65 patients 23 Ϯ 2 weeks apart, indicating that the discordances are reliable and not explained by differences in turnover of underlying proteins. In 40 patients with type 1 diabetes of Ն15 years' duration, an increase in GG by 1% was associated with a 2.9-fold greater frequency of increasing nephropathy stage (P ϭ 0.0014). GG was Ϫ0.8 Ϯ 0.2% in subjects with no nephropathy, Ϫ0.3 Ϯ 0.2% with microalbuminuria/hypertension, and 0.7 Ϯ 0.3% in subjects with protein-uria or renal dysfunction (P Ͻ 0.05). GG correlated better with nephropathy than did either HbA 1c or FA alone in this population. CONCLUSIONS — The glycosylation gap may be a useful clinical research tool for evaluating physiologic sources of variation in diabetic complications beyond glycemic control. H bA 1c is regarded as the gold standard for measurement of glycemic control and is invaluable in the treatment of diabetic patients. It is a pre-dictor of diabetic complications, and in-t e r v e n t i o n s t h a t r e d u c e H b A 1 c correspondingly reduce the risk of complications (1– 4). Whereas the overall utility of HbA 1 c is beyond question, discordances between HbA 1c and other measures of glycemic control are commonly encountered (5–7) and are important because of the millions of yearly HbA 1c measurements. Discordances between HbA 1c and other clinically used biochemical measures of glycemic control have often been attributed to inadequacies or poor reliability of glucose self-testing and reporting or artifacts (5– …


Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions. Based on historical tracks it is estimated that Hinduism began to flourish in 5000 BC, located in the valley of the Sindhu River India. The development of Hinduism in India has been linked with the Aryan Nations traveling across Central Asia to India, settling in the territory of the Sindhu River, or more popularly known as the Indus area. In line with the progress of civilization Hindu religion also experienced the development or dissemination to some other countries outside the country of India. Indonesia is one of the countries that became the area of dissemination or development of Hinduism. Bali is one of the archipelago areas that became the central point of the development of Hindu religion in the archipelago. The development of Hinduism in Bali has a strong suggestion of local cultural systems and customs. Therefore, the teachings of Hinduism in Bali have their own characteristics when compared with the beliefs of Hinduism in other countries.Based on this background, three problems can be formulated: (1) What are the backgrounds and factors inhibiting the maintenance and preservation of the three heavens in Tegal Darmasaba Traditional Village? (2) What is the communication strategy that should be done by village counselors in the preservation of the three heavens in Tegal Darmasaba Traditional Village? (3) What are the communication implications of indigenous village customs in the preservation of the three heavens in Tegal Darmasaba ?. The purpose of this study is to solve and find solutions to a problem, also has the potential and effective power in achieving the goals and support the success of research conducted. This type of research is qualitative research with data collection techniques used are observation, interview, literature and documentation. Data analysis is presented in descriptive qualitative.This study aims to develop a concept or develop an understanding of an emperis phenomenon, in this case the phenomenon of preservation parhyangan, and the role of prajuru Desa Pakraman especially Tegal Darmasaba Village in preserving Dua Kahyangan Tiga. This research can be concluded to be 3 that is: 1) inhibiting factor in maintenance and preservation of three heavens in Tegal Darmasaba custom village in the form of burden of kahan, burden of cost, and difference of understanding. 2) communication strategy of customary village in the preservation of two heavens in Tegal Darmasaba traditional village of persuasive communication, interpersonal communication, group communication, organizational communication and mass communication. 3) The communication implications of customary village counselors in the preservation of the three divisions in Tegal Darmasaba customary village are the implications in the social field, the implications in the religious field and the implications in the field of village weakness.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decline in the economic level of the people. This requires universities to quickly take concrete steps in helping their students. The purpose of this study is to assist the tertiary institution in determining who are eligible students to get a single tuition relief (UKT) using the KNN and SAW methods. The results of the UKT relief test show that this decision support system produces the same output as a manual calculation performed with Microsoft Excel. A further development that can be done is the addition of criteria by the situation and conditions of the relevant agencies.


examining the of major and other in suggest adults age 50 and older, a greater risk for Furthermore, to as a risk factor for mental health in older the that the in to be their This this a study of the rates and correlates of depressive symptoms among primarily Black and Latino adults age 55 and older residing in a large urban subsidized housing development in Northeastern USA. Further, as loneliness has been defined as a major public health problem, a par-ticular interest was exploring the prevalence and association of loneliness to depression in this population. In-person interviews were conducted in English and Spanish in 216 residents' homes. Results revealed a significant percentage of residents age 55 and older experienced loneliness (28%) and depression (22%). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore correlates of depression, including demographic characteristics, environmental factors, health status, and loneliness. The analysis found that perceived loneliness was a significant factor in understanding depression even when other factors were statistically controlled for. The findings underscore both the importance of mental health screen-ing and community-based interventions to strengthen social connection and engagement of older residents in subsidized housing developments. Trail-Making studies using systemic inflammation superimposed on animal models of aging, accelerated aging, or neurodegenerative disease. Causative agents of systemic inflammation employed by these studies include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), live infection or surgery. Our search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE and identified 79 studies, including 65 studies using aged animals and 14 studies using diseased animals. In 46 studies animals were challenged with LPS, 7 studies challenged animals with a live infection, and in 26 studies animals underwent a surgi-cal intervention. Outcomes of behavioral assays from animal studies were compared to features and symptoms that can be demonstrated in delirious patients. We found that some surgery models and the ME7 model of prion disease mimic several features of delirium including acute, fluctuating, and transient cognitive dysfunction and disturbance of psycho-motor behavior. However, the key neuropsychological fea-ture inattention has not been demonstrated in these models yet. Therefore, further refinement of these model systems is an important priority for future research. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neurological brain disorder. Inflammation and immune alterations have been linked to AD, suggesting that the peripheral immune system plays a role during the asymptomatic period of AD. NK cells and neutrophils (PMN) participate in innate immune surveillance against intracellular pathogens and malignancy but their role in AD remains controversial. We have investigated changes in peripheral NK cell and PMN phenotypes and functions


The present research seeks better understanding of "impact of gender, education and age on impulsive buying behavior and moderating role of consumer emotional intelligence". In developing countries, understanding impulsive buying in customers is now considered a key to success for organizations operating in the current competitive environment. The design of this research is quantitative in nature. The study population consisted of Pakistani citizens mostly graduate students. A convenience sample of 191 customers was chosen for statistical analysis. Result showed that gender, education and age have significant impact on impulsive buying behavior. The study is of great importance for marketing managers of manufacturing firms, especially for industries in chemical sector while formulating their marketing strategies.


This research was conducted to utilize natural resources in the form of zeolite and waste oil palm plantation in North Sumatera. Palm waste in the form of oil palm trunk is produced by replanting of oil palm plantations that are in the range of 20-25 years old. Oil palm trunk used is derived from 22-year-old palm trees which isplantedin the village Pematang Jaya, the sub district of Langkat province in North Sumatera. Oil palm trunk starch is extracted by the extraction process and then precipitated and modified using disodiumtetraborax(DSTB). The zeolit used comes from the Sarulla, the sub district in North Tapanuli province, North Sumatera. Adhesive produced from oil palm trunk starch was filled by nanozeolite to increase adhesion strength. The metode used to produce the adhesive is blending. Zeolitwas milled with grinding process using ballmill. The result was 232 nm. The result of nanozeolite covers the entire surface of the adhesive so that the adhesives appear by having no cavities/pores.


With forecasts of algorithmic futures, concern about the disappearing nature of craft, an increasingly pressured art/design HE environment and a geopolitical crisis, this talk questions the shape and purpose of graphic design (education). It seeks to challenge our role as educators, question our ambitions for our students and discuss what it means to provide 'learning for an unknown future' in such a rapidly changing context. The talk demonstrates the importance of a value-led, rigorous and inclusive approach to graphic design and makes a passionate case for diverse 'communities of practice' within design education.


Ayurveda is indigenous system of medical science offers various therapeutic modalities for the management of healthy living. Ayurveda not only emphasized curative approaches for health management but also suggested some preventive measures as. Panchakarma is one of them which come under Shodhana Chikitsa of ayurveda system; it play crucial role towards the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Panchakarma offers calming and detoxifying effect, it improves circulation, balances mood & behavior, regulate metabolic activities and boost muscular tone therefore recommended for various diseases related to the disturbed pattern of life style such as; obesity, thyroid, diabetes, sleeplessness, headache, depression and anxiety. Different approaches of Panchakarma therapy like; Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya, Raktamokshana, Shirodhara and Abhyanga may be utilized effectively for the management of above mentioned life style disorders. Present article summarized therapeutic importance of Panchakarma therapies for the management of diseases which occurs due to the in disciplinary life style pattern.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Diabetes, Depression and Anxiety.


The relationships among urban transportation,land use and urban spatial structure are always the key topics in the studies of urban geography,urban planning and urban transportation. With the emergence of the issues such as urban sprawl,low efficiency of land use and traffic jam,it has become more and more important to study how to coordinate land use and urban transport in the planning of city development. As we all know,public transportation is not only one of the elements of urban lives,but also a driving force of urban spatial devolvement. TOD(Transit Oriented Development) is an urban development model under the guidance of New Urbanism,which emphasize the innovation of transport technology and the recognition of humans themselves. TOD integrates a mass transit system into the urban spatial structure,i.e.,residential areas and commercial areas,at the macro-level,and neighborhoods develop around the transit stations or stops at the micro-level. TOD encourages high density development in an appropriate scale,mixed land use,comfortable environment for pedestrians and a good public transit system,to harmonize land use and transport,and finally enables the urban spatial structure to develop compactly and orderly. This paper analyzes TOD's mechanism on urban land use and urban spatial structure,and has found that TOD plays an important role in urban land use by influencing land use density,land use structure,and land value. Meanwhile,TOD influences the urban spatial structure by unique road structures,urban scale and urban spatial distribution. Further study indicates that the construction of mass transit makes the curves of urban rental and land development density show "multi-peaks" characteristics,following the principle of "decreasing from the city center with the increase of travel time". Although there are differences between China and other countries in urban population density,mixed land use,land property and public transport service,this paper attempts to build a suitable TOD model for the cities in China. The TOD model is built in three parts(steps): gross urban development,urban spatial structure and design of TOD unit,which results in a hub-and-spoke urban structure,with mass transit routes as corridors and the TOD node as a hub. Based on the types of public transportations,a TOD can be classified as a BRT-oriented TOD or a Rail-oriented TOD. Each city can choose the type suitable to its urban population,GDP,financial capacity and traffics along the transit lines. Design of TOD units should consider land use principles including distance,density,diversity and design,and adopts a special land use strategy. Finally,this paper puts forward a series of measures,policies and suggestions to ensure a successful TOD implementation,with time and location as two major impacting factors. Generally speaking,when a city is developing and expanding its urban areas rapidly,construction of mass transit will greatly influence its spatial distribution; conversely,when a city is developing slowly or has already reached its mature period,the effect of mass transit on land use is relatively small. In a word,TOD emphasizes the integration of local efficiency and overall efficiency and is a suitable model for urban development in China.


Malaria is prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has been associated with some haematological changes. This study determined the effect of malaria infection on haematological values amongst children in north-western Nigeria. Materials and methods: Fifty-eight malaria-infected children, aged 1–12 years, and 58 age-matched uninfected children were studied between September and December 2011 at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Blood samples collected were analysed for full blood count using a Swelab Alfa 3-part analyser and malaria parasite test using the field staining technique. Results: There were significantly lower values of haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, and platelet count of 29.0 ± 4.7%, 10.0 ± 1.7 g/L, and 195.9 ± 111.9 × 109/L in malaria-infected children compared to 32.3 ± 2.8%, 11.1 ± 1.1 g/L, and (287.4 ± 92.6) × 109/L, respectively, in uninfected control subjects (P 0.05). Parasite densities had no significant influences on haematocrit, haemoglobin, or white blood cell counts (P > 0.05), but showed influence on platelet count (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Changes in haematological values in malaria-infected children are associated with anaemia and thrombocytopaenia irrespective of their sex. It is recommended that platelet count be determined as it could assist in the diagnosis of malaria infection.


-Peripheral blood leucocytes from chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in remission were tested for inhibition of migration in presence of solubilized membrane antigens from leukaemic cells in 15 cases. Eight out of 9 autochthonous combinations (88*8%) and 35/49 allogeneic combinations (7144%) showed inhibition of migration. Antigens prepared from relapse leukaemic cell samples in 4 cases showed inhibition of migration of autochthonous as well as allogeneic remission leucocytes. The same batch of CML antigens inhibited migration of normal leucocytes at the level of 22.2%. The difference between inhibition of migration shown by remission leucocytes and normal leucocytes in presence of CML antigens was statistically significant. Solubilized antigens, similarly prepared from normal leucocytes, showed inhibition of migration of remission leucocytes to the extent of 15% only. The difference between the reactivity of CML remission leucocytes to normal and CML antigens was also statistically significant. No enhancement of migration of remission leucocytes was seen with CML antigens.


Inthis paper, wepresent newresults regarding stability andradio capacity inUMTS system. We examine both uplink anddownlink cases. Weparticularly give anupper boundofsystemstability intheuplink according to activity andinter-to-intrace llular interference factors. We showthat iftheentire system isnotveryloaded andthe activity islow,andiftheSINRtarget ishigh, the probability thattheuplink transmit powerexceeds the maximumallowed valueisaround5%0.As forthe downlink, we examinetheimpactoftheusers' distribution intheradio capacity aswellasthesystem stability. Simulation results proved thatthedownlink radiocapacity canbelessened byalmost thethird according totheusers' distribution inthecell. More importantly, thesystem canreach theasymptotic capacity in20%ofthecases because ofusers' location inthecell.


Research and development organizations are constantly evaluating new technologies in order to implement the next generation of advanced applications. At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, agent technologies are perceived as an approach that can provide a competitive advantage in the construction of highly sophisticated software systems in a range of application areas. An important factor in selecting a successful agent architecture is the level of support it provides the developer in respect to developer support, examples of use, integration into current workflow and community support. Without such assistance, the developer must invest more effort into learning instead of applying the technology. Like many other applied research organizations, our staff are not dedicated to a single project and must acquire new skills as required, underlining the importance of being able to quickly become proficient. A project was instigated to evaluate three candidate agent toolkits across the dimensions of support they provide. This paper reports on the outcomes of this evaluation and provides insights into the agent technologies evaluated.


tarting from the history of Hakkas branch,based on Wang Dong′s viewpoint that"language formation"is the symbol of formation of Hakkas(he considers that Hakkas formed in the mid-term of Ming dynasty),it divides the history of Hakkas women′s costume into three periods,and summarizes its costume style and characteristics of each period.The first period starts from the mid-term of Ming dynasty and comes to end at the late Qing dynasty during which the Hakkas women′s costume forms and the costume style shows basically the same character with central plains and has some similar characters with the minorities of South China.The second period is between late Qing dynasty early Republic of China when Hakkas women′s costume becomes matured and Hakkas traditional costume style and culture have formed basically.And the third period originates from early Republic of China and ends in the middle of 20th century when Hakkas women′s costume gradually dies out and the traditional costume coexists with the modern costume.


Background: The most complicated type of open bone fracture is a tibia-fibula diaphyseal fracture and an average of twenty percent mid-age with eight % affection of elderly. Depending on the size of the wound, bony injury and the level up to contamination, Gustilo and Anderson assigned Compound fractures grading it into 3. The standard treatment approaches used daily are Open reduction with internally or externally fixate, as well as intramedullary nailing gathering momentum to speed up early recovery and resuming normal functioning here are some techniques covered in this article. After a road accident, a 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed on x-ray with a compound Grade IIIB right mid-shaft tibia and fibula fracture with soft tissue destruction, compound grade 3B proximal phalanx fracture of great toe right side, traumatic amputation of 2nd toe right side, and nail avulsion of index finger right side, which required open reduction and external fixation. Pain, restricted ranges for the right lower extremity with the inability of weightbearing on the same were some of the specific chief complaints informed by the patient. Following surgery, the patient received physiotherapy for 10 weeks, which included exercises, electrotherapy, proprioception training, and gait training, and resulted in pain relief, increased mobility and improved functional activities. Conclusion: The case study demonstrates that a traditional surgical approach combined with early structured physical rehabilitation resulted in a significant and progressive improvement in functional goals, which is an important factor in a successful recovery.


Despite that remarkable improvement on the mobility of the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has been achieved during the past decades, the uniformity in electrical performance remained ambiguous, impeding their implantation in organic integrated circuits. The coefficient of variance (CV) in mobility of reported OFETs were typically larger than 8%, which was not adequate for building medium-to-large scale integrated circuits. In this work, we showed that utilizing single-domain molecular monolayer crystals as the active channel can largely enhance the uniformity of OFETs. Benefiting from the sole molecular layer with long-range ordering, the OFETs exhibited uniformities in both channel transport and charge injection, thereby giving rise to a high average mobility of 11.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and CV of only 2.57%. Statistical transmission length method evaluation was conducted, covering channel length from 3 to 21 μm, channel width from 90 to 170 μm, and a total OFET number of 370. The low contact resistance of 79.00 ± 7.00 Ω·cm and high intrinsic mobility of 12.36 ± 0.45 cm2 V-1 s-1 were acquired with very high accuracy and reliability. As such, this work provides a practical way to enhance the uniformity of OFETs by a single-crystalline layer-controlled active channel, towards their applications in integrated circuits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We study the performance of distributed turbo-coded cooperative networks with multiple dual-hop relays over both identical and non-identical Nakagami-m slow fading channels. All the relays are equipped with error detection capabilities and only the reliable relays retransmit to the destination. In this paper, we derive the union bounds on the bit-error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme using the transfer function bounding and the limit-before-average techniques. Moreover, through the derived pairwise-error probability (PEP), we analyze the asymptotic behavior of this system at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is noted that the achievable diversity order depends on the number of cooperating relays and the fading parameters. Finally, performance evaluation of the proposed scheme is presented via error bounds and Monte Carlo simulations.


In order to overcome the subjective limitation in traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the weight value is modified based on the differential degree of evaluation indexes between different techniques, a new model for comprehensive evaluation——entropy weight comprehensive evaluation model is established by using the concept of "entropy" in information engineering science. The kernel techniques for oil and gas drilling are evaluated with the model, the results contrasting with that of traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is more consistent with the result concluded at expert conference, scatter properties between evaluation results are better with high separation degree. Thus the model is more effective and feasible.


Hitherto, the behaviour of belted occupants of subcompact cars, when such cars collide head–on with compact cars at equal speeds in mixed traffic, have been examined using scale models (Morisawa and Sato, 1983–84). In this paper, this behaviour, served using same–scale models, is compared with that of each car's occupant in a barrier impact. The principal factors influencing the behaviour of a subcompact car's occupants are thus made clear, and it is found that the effects on such behaviour in car–to–car collisions can be estimated to a certain degree from each car's behaviour in a barrier impact.


Abstract Rat brown adipocytes express mRNAs for Uncoupling Proteins (UCP) 1, 2 and 3 and the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPAR) α and γ. We have examined the effects of selective PPARα or -γ activation on changes in UCP-1 and UCP-3 mRNA levels in cultured fetal rat brown adipocytes (FBA). Rosiglitazone (1.0 μM), a selective PPARγ agonist, elicited 5- and 3-fold increases in UCP-1 and UCP-3, respectively. The PPARα ligand, Wy14643 (10.0 μM) increased UCP-3 tenfold, but decreased UCP-1. A synergistic effect on UCP-3 expression (30-fold increase; P


The article gives the systematization of the approaches to the analysis of axiological elements of any phenomena including legal ones. The author points out that value mustn"t be equated with utility since value is not practical but symbolic phenomenon. The existence of dual system of value assessment is acknowledged. The author gives her own definition of legal values.


Genetic predisposition to carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) had been reported in several Southeast Asian populations, but not in Myanmar. Previous studies had so far reported more than 70% of CBZ-induced SJS/TEN cases positive for HLA-B*15:02 allele. Myanmar, as the second largest country in Southeast Asia with a population of 54.5 million, has high HLA-B*15:02 carrier frequency in its general population (27.349.1%). We investigated the association of HLA-B alleles and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN in Myanmar population. HLA-B*15:02 was detected in 3/3 (100%) of cases and 6/53 (11.3%) of tolerant controls, and HLA-B*15:02 is significantly associated with CBZ-SJS/TEN in Myanmar population (OR 51.2, 95% CI 2.36-1106.95, p=0.003).


This paper presents information on the behaviour of moored ships under the combined action of waves and current. This information was developed mainly through a program of hydraulic model testing, conducted as a part of engineering studies for a proposed oil terminal in the Bay of Fundy, in which the effect of strong tidal currents and waves from the open Atlantic, to which the site was exposed, were realistically simulated. The mooring lines on the ships and the fenders were modelled to incorporate their non-linearities, and the site wave records were used to develop the wave excitation in the model basin. The results showed that the combined action of waves and current was not just the sum of the separate effects but a complex relationship dependent upon wave spectra, wave periods and current direction. For currents running nearly head or stern on, the yaw motions of the ship were amplified compared to wave action alone. For currents at an angle to the ship, all mooring forces and ship motions could be strongly amplified compared to wave action alone. For the particular site considered, the analyses and model tests pointed to the use of a medium soft mooring system (wires with nylon tails and compatible fenders) as the best means of simultaneously minimizing the ship motions and the mooring line forces.


ABSTRACT This is really a third edition of the authors' previous volume Shock Treatments, Psychosurgery and Other Somatic Treatments in Psychiatry, last published in 1952. They consider this a new book because it opens with a new section of 118 pages devoted to pharmacotherapy. This runs the gamut of the phenothiazines, Rauwolfia alkaloids, other nonbarbituate tranquilizers, psychoanaleptic drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, stimulant drugs, and psychomimetrics. This is an excellent encyclopedic summary of the literature on each drug, which includes the chemistry, physiological and pharmacological properties, clinical effects, psychological effects, dosage, indications, contraindications, side effects, and complications. The latter should be carefully studied because the side effects are numerous and many drugs potentiate others. Some are very toxic to the liver.For the more severe psychotic reactions, especially those depressions which do not respond to pharmacotherapy, the authors still advise the use of electric convulsive therapy. Complications of ECT are minimized.


Best known for her novels depicting the stifling conformity and ceremoniousness of the upper-class New York society into which she was born, Edith Wharton also wrote brilliantly in many genres: essays, travel pieces, memoirs, and a variety of short stories. This unique collection provides a fresh look at Wharton's genius by including a generous sampling of her short stories, along with nonfiction, letters, excerpts from the novels "The House of Mirth," "The Reef," and "The Age of Innocence, and Summer," reprinted in its entirety. Also included in this volume is an introduction by Linda Wagner-Martin, who examines the life and literary accomplishments of Edith Wharton, a chronology, notes, and bibliography. Edited with an introduction by Linda Wagner-Martin.


Intermittency represents the essential difference between an energy flux resource such as solar energy, whose incidence is beyond the user's control, and the stored energy resource of fuels. The stochastic or random character of solar variability accounts for much of the uncertainty, even controversy, about utilization and cost of the sun's energy. Present assessments of the solar resource account for intermittency only in its effect upon average value of incidence at a given location. Other research has emphasized enlarging the network of sites at which solar data are available and increasing the size and accuracy of the data base; however, there is still a gap between available data and the data requirements of users, especially for systems involving storage. This paper discusses the concept of an ideal system as a device for determining the usable solar resource. The ideal system is defined in terms of a loss-free collector area and storage capacity per unit of system demand. The portion of incident energy (termed ''recoverable resource'') delivered by the ideal system represents an upper bound on the performance of any corresponding real system at the same location. The recoverable resource is shown to vary consistently with ideal system size in manymore » diverse locations; implications for collecting solar resource data are discussed. Distributions of frequency, duration, and severity of resource deficiencies are illustrated; rare but lengthy shortfall occurrences comprise a surprisingly large portion of total resource shortfall. Total costs of using solar energy include possible costs of having reduced energy supply during worst-case solar deficiencies as well as capital and fuel costs. Lower limits to these costs can be assessed easily using the ideal system and recoverable resource concepts.« less


This text covers advances in understanding the molecular biology of hepatitis viruses. The advances have contributed insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in replication of genetic information and in gene expression, and have translated into diagnostics, prevention and development of antiviral drugs.


With the increased industrialization in the last two decades in Egypt, many milk processing factories have been established. Milk wastes are adding a new problem to the industrial waste problems in this country. As yet there is no standardized method for the treatment and disposal of milk wastes to prevent stream pollution. In this connection an economical and efficient method for the disposal of milk wastes has been sought. Since the suspended solids content is not an important factor in the pol lution load of milk wastes, very little reduction in pollution load can be effected by primary treatment consist ing of plain sedimentation of these wastes.


The study aimed to document the pattern of changes in the digestive enzyme activities of carbohydreases such as α-amylase, CM-cellulase, agarase, laminarinase and in protease. Results showed that the digestive enzyme activities extracted from the crystalline style of Pholas orientalis exhibited a semi-diurnal pattern. In a 24-h period, two peaks of digestive activities were generally observed, one at daylight and another at nighttime. Amylase, CM-cellulase, agarase and protease activities showed two peaks at 0800 and 2000 h while laminarinase activity showed peaks at 0800 and 2400 h. This pattern of enzyme activities might be related to their feeding rhythmicity and influenced by tide. It could also suggest that the Angelwing clam probably fed in a semi-diurnal pattern.


This study was based on the use of fluorescence quenching and differentiation between static and dynamic quenching, as well as energy transfer for distance measurements. The interactions of human serum albumin with phenothiazine drugs, i.e. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, perphenazine and promethazine, were studied and extrapolated important information on quenching mechanism, types of interaction force, binding-site number and distance between Trp214 in HSA and the bound drugs. This study has great significance in methodology and understanding the protein-drug interaction mechanism.