A new strategy for synthesis of 3-diaryl indoles (4a-c) was developed through FeCl3 as Lewis acid catalyzed three-component azaFriedel-Crafts reactions of aldehyde (1) tertiary aromatic amines (2) and indole derivatives (3a- c) in one-pot. A simple and efficient synthesis of compounds (5a-d) were achieved via Schiff's base reaction of 3-diaryl indole (4b) with various aldehydes namely benzaldehyde, hydroxylbenzaldehyde, isonicotinaldehyde and furoaldehyde respectively. Compounds (6a-c) were obtained by the reaction of compound (4c) with different halide compounds namely 3-bromoprop-1-ene, iodoethane and benzyl chloride respectively. The reaction of cyclohexyl isocyanide (7) with aldehyde (1) and indole (3c) has given compound (8) in one step. While, the reaction of cyclohexyl isocyanide (7) with aldehyde (1) has given compound (9) which reacted with indole (3c) yielded compounds (10). Five selected indole derivatives 4a, 4b, 5b, 5d and 6a were subjected to a screening system for investigation of their antitumor potency against breast (MCF7) and liver (HEPG2) cell lines. Moreover, the biochemical effects of the selected indole derivatives on some enzymes such as aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in addition to albumin, globulins, creatinine, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and bilirubin in serum of mice were studied in comparison to 5-Flurouracil and Doxorubicin. The antitumor activity results indicated that most of the selected indole derivatives showed moderate growth inhibition activity against liver (HEPG2) cell line. Moreover, compound (6a), showed anti-proliferative activity against both breast and liver cell lines.


The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed an emerging threat to global public health and brought challenges to policy-makers. Concerns are rising about the potential mental distress among frontline health-care workers, patients infected with COVID-19, and the public during the epidemic. We aimed to share a Chinese perspective through a social psychiatric lens to better respond to public emergencies. The Chinese government has implemented a number of mental health care measures, including an issue of national guidance on the COVID-19 response in mental health management. We propose that the government should set up a national platform for remote psychological services, increase the number of psychological rescue personnel, and built a joint psychosomatic rescue system for disasters, accidents, and epidemics. Establishing a psychological service system and developing a pool of multidisciplinary mental health service teams are essential to improve the capacity for crisis intervention. Strengthening the interactive system of popular science and health education may mitigate potential negative psychological impacts. We suggest priorities the needs of vulnerable groups with developing mental illness, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in longer-term strategic programs.


In order to have the optimum hydraulic design for a bulb tubular pump system of Huaiyin No.3 pumping station in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the numerical simulation for 3D flow pattern in the bulb tubular pump system is conducted.The mathematical models of the geometrical molded line of both bulb front-positioned and rear-positioned tubular pump system are built up according to the recommended structural configuration of the pump unit of the station at the stage of initial design.Numerical simulations of 3D turbulence flow in the two types of pump systems were respectively completed successfully,from which the internal and external hydraulic performances of the bulb tubular pump systems were found out.The main characteristics of flow patterns in the inlet and outlet of both bulb front-positioned and bulb rear-positioned tubular systems were discussed.The simulation results signify that it is realizable to apply numerical calculation to study 3D flow pattern and its hydraulic performance in a bulb tubular pump system.The energy characteristic of the bulb tubular pump system of the initial design of Huaiyin No.3 pumping station is not satisfied for the requirements of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.However,it is possible to obtain higher efficiency of the pump system by the way of further optimum calculation.bulb tubular pump;system;3D flow;numerical simulation


A series of microstructured FeNi/SiO2/FeCoSiB striped multilayers and FeNi/SiO2 /FeCoSiB continuous multilayers were fabricated on a Si(111) substrate by magnetron sputtering and ultraviolet photolithography. High-frequency permeability spectra have double resonance peaks, and the higher resonance peaks can be adjust from 2.5 GHz to 4.8 GHz. The results may be applied to new devices that require controlled, high-permeability resonance bands.


The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship of CSR practice–asymmetry information and ESG performance–asymmetry information. We conjecture that there might be a particular role where the disclosure of non-financial information is deemed useful in truncating the level of asymmetry information. Using the data from two different countries, Indonesia (Asia) and Portugal (Europe), we extracted 37 companies with time period of observation ranges from 2012 to 2016. To manifest the empirical test, we use CSR report (CSR_Rep), CSR committee (CSR_com), CSR assurance (CSR_ass) and GRI adoption as the proxies of CSR practice, while the proxies of ESG performance are represented by Environmental (ENVscr), Social (SOCscr), and Governance (GOVscr) pillar scores as obtained from Thomson Reuters ASSET4 database. Bid-ask spread is used as the surrogate indicator of asymmetry information. The empirical test reveals that only variable GRI and SOCscr show negative and significant association with bid-ask spread. Whilst, the remaining variables of CSR practice (CSR_rep, CSR_com, CSR_ass), and ESG performance (ENVscr and GOVscr) are negatively associated with asymmetry information (Spread) but statistically insignificant. Our results suggest that CSR practice and ESG performance are weakly associated with asymmetry information, in which most of CSR practices and ESG performance need a time lag to allow them to be value relevant information in mitigating the level of asymmetry information.


1. INTRODUCTION = 1
 1.1 Lactobacillus spp. = 1
 1.2 Microbial stress responses = 2
 1.3 Involvement of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor E (rpoE) in various environmental stresses = 4
2. OBJECTIVES = 7
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS = 8
 3.1 Bacteri


We highlight the cases of three AGN with unusually strong big blue bump components. E1346+266 (z=0.92) has the strongest ultrasoft X-ray component identified to date and pushes accretion disc models to their high-T, high-luminosity limits. RE J1034+396 also has a very hot BBB (kTbrem∼400 eV) but its luminosity is 3 orders of magnitude lower; its hard X-ray spectrum is relatively weak and the optical/UV continuum appears to be dominated by a non-thermal component. The BBB of the third AGN, RE J2248−511, is cooler but is unusually strong nonetheless and appears as a 'true soft X-ray excess' over a normal optical to X-ray continuum.


We prove that every Salem number can be realized as the first dynamical degree of an automorphism of a complex simple abelian variety. Also by using the similar technique, we prove that the set of first dynamical degrees of automorphisms of complex simple abelian varieties except 1 has the minimum value when fixing the dimension of complex simple abelian varieties. Moreover, we prove that there is an automorphism of a complex simple abelian variety, whose first dynamical degree is as close as possible to 1. These results are inspired by the work of Nguyen-Bac Dang and Thorsten Herrig.


Project report from the the Creative Interventions project, which was a result of the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme project strand initiative funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and managed by the Higher Education Academy.

The project examined creative arts student experiences of work-related learning (WRL) activity in the public and third sectors. It set out to explore how such experiences contribute to students' employability skills, how these are identified by the students and how the activities are valued by students, the higher
education institution (HEI) and the external partners involved.

This report is primarily written for academics (both within the creative arts and other disciplines); the Higher Education Academy (HEA); employability support workers (e.g. careers staff); and employability policy-makers. Its findings may also be of interest to employers in the public and third sectors; student union volunteering staff; and those researching WRL generally.

The project took place between 2008-2010, and was a collaboration led by the University of the Arts London (UAL), in partnership with the Arts University College at Bournemouth (AUCB) and the Surrey Centre for Excellence in Professional Training and Education (SCEPTrE) at the University of Surrey.


The topic of securing the independence of official statistics was discussed in an invited paper session at the WSC 2017 in Marrakech under the heading "Does the production of official statistics need to be a separate brach of government or should it remain within the executive branch of government?" The session was organised by Andreas V. Georgiou, former President of the Hellenic Statistical Authority, ELSTAT, the national statistical institute (NSI) of Greece. The session included papers given and presented by Andreas V. Georgiou, Jean-Luc Tavernier, the DG of INSEE (the NSI of France), Dennis Trewin, former Australian Statistician and head of the Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS, and Pali Lehohla, Statistician General of South Africa. Gerry O'Hanlon, former Director of the Central Statistical Office, CSO, of Ireland acted as discussant. I chaired the session. All the papers presented at the session appear here below. The preamble to the session states that there are no more important issues in official statistics than their independence, impartiality and objectivity. These issues, it is argued, may be at risk when the production of offical statistics is carried out within the executive branch of government as official statistics are partly compiled for monitoring the operations of government and outcomes of government policies. Hence, a case can be made for the production of such information being kept outside of the government executive. Otherwise, the information may not fulfill the conditions of being impartial and objective. The risk of conflict may, however, be mitigated by a framework of legal and institutional safeguards and in many countries the autonomy of the main producer(s) of official statistics is supported by the prevailing culture, traditions, and good practices. But it is uncertain if the traditions and institutional settings are robust enough to ensure sustainable statistical independence when official statistics are part of the executive. These issues are likely to be viewed differently in different countries; in some cases the situation may be considered robust and sustainable, in other cases there may be a need for strengthening the safeguards for the independence of the NSI and other main producers of official statistics, perhaps even to the extent of moving the official statistics out of the government executive. In that case, it will have to be shown clearly what would be the net real gain of having the official statistics produced outside of the government executive. Or indeed if there would be a real difference between these two situations, bearing in mind that the funding of the official statistics would still be depen-


This paper studied the changes in physicochemical properties,microstructure and textural properties of fresh carp( Cyprinuscarpio L.) muscle during steam cooking using analytical chemistry methods,light microscopy and TPA analysis method. Protein loss in juice was studied by SDS electrophoresis. The results showed that as heating prolonged,the weight loss rate,water loss rate and p H value raised gradually,myofibrillar protein extraction rate decreased rapidly within 2 min,and then slowly declined after 2 min. After steaming,the water-soluble protein,mainly sarcoplasmic proteins were decreasing. Microstructure of muscle tissue changed significantly with the extension of heating time. The gap between muscle fibers gradually increased until fibers broke up. Hardness,chewiness,resilience and shear forces decreased during the first 4 min but no big change were observed after that. Based on the results,4 min. steaming is required for1. 5 cm3 thick carp ue to ensure its nutritional value and sensory properties.


Aim To explore the effects of injected compound ammonium glycyrrhizin(CAG) on blood glucose,electrolytes in normal mice and coagulation in tumor-bearing mice.Methods CAG was administered by intravenous injection for 14 days,blood glucose was detected by indicator paper,and electrolytes were investigated.Tumor cells were injected in axillary fossa of mice,and CAG was administered for 14 days from the next day on.Prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplatin time(APTT),and thrombin time(TT) were determined.Results CAG could decrease blood glucose on the fifth day,but had no obvious effect since.Na+、K+、Cl-values did not change significantly compared with the normal group.PT and TT values decreased in tumor-bearing mice,and CAG could not reverse these changes.Conclusion CAG could decrease blood glucose temporarily and have no obvious effects on electrolytes.CAG could not reverse these changes of PT and TT.


Today, we are in a fast progressing world where development has no bounds and technology changes every now and then. Life has become complex and busy. Man utilizes nature's resources for his selfish development and for every step he puts ahead and looks back, he hears is nature's cry. In the anxiety of development, the world is rupturing nature. It is true that human societies cannot remain static and the aspirations and expectations that comprise a part of the needs constantly shift, but that development should not be for some or few, rather it should be for the wholesome development of all. It is also universally recognized that for global economic development, exploitation of natural resources and pollution of environment are inevitable. But, we cannot achieve one at the cost of the other. With this background, an attempt has been made in the present paper to analyze the ongoing trend and evaluate the concept of sustainable development according to the needs of the present day society, and its relevance in the field of environmental law with contribution from the Indian and International Courts to implement it. This paper also aims at exploring the new trend on sustainable development by reviewing the current state of the environment, and identifying policy issues which prevent its real growth and tries to change the world from 'enviromyopicity' to 'envirosensitivity.'


Intelligent transportation system (ITS) procurement for New Zealand Highways has typically been conducted on a project by project basis. The result is a lack of uniformity in ITS infrastructure, with multiple systems performing similar or the same functions. This in turn creates operational issues as well as adding costs. A fresh approach is required to deliver consistent ITS solutions. While mainstream information and communication technologies (ICT) operates in a "plug and play" environment (where virtually any device can be connected by plugging in to a computer or computer network); the same is not yet true for ITS. This paper focuses on New Zealand's ITS standards and specifications framework. The framework aims to deliver fit for purpose specifications to support procurement processes; transform current technical knowledge into a semantic and recursive set of ITS standards and specifications; support consistency, while delivering value for money, safety and productivity outcomes.


Introduction and Selection of Photoperiod Sensitive Sorghum Genotypes for Agronomic Fitness and Biomass Composition. (August 2012) Leo Hoffmann Jr., B.A., Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; M.S., Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. William L. Rooney In 2007, U.S. Congress created the "Energy Independence and Security Act" with primary goals focused on increasing the knowledge in production of renewable fuels, increasing the percentages of renewable fuels in the transportation sector and decreasing the emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel sources. To achieve these goals, many species have been pointed as sources of feedstock for the biofuel industry. Photoperiod sensitive (PS) biomass sorghum for the lignocellusosic based conversion is one. In this study, three main objectives were addressed regarding the relative performance for biomass yield and biomass composition of PS biomass sorghum. First, genetic and environmental variation effects on the biomass yield and biomass composition, and usefulness of pre-classification of genotypes by biomass lignin content were evaluated. On the set of genotypes and locations tested, the environmental effect had the largest influence on the biomass composition, yield and its components. Although smaller, the genetic variation effect was significant for most of the traits, some traits had significant genotype by environment GXE interaction. The


. Although the oesophageal appendages in the four enchytraeids Enchytrueus crypticus, Fredericia strinta, Buchholzia appendiculata, and Achaeta sp. are quite different from one another in shape and position, their histology and ultrastructure are basically the same. These are intestinal appendages, the lumina of which distally end blind and proximally open into the oesophagus. Almost all of the few cells in their single-layered epithelium have a microvillous, cilia-free border at the apex, facing towards the lumen, and basally comprise an extremely extensive labyrinth. The presence of the latter, composed of very thin cell processes, and of numerous mitochondria identifies the organs as energy-producing and -consuming, transport-active structures. Their possible function as a food-moistening organ or osmoregulatory organ is discussed, and they are compared with other intestinal appendages in enchytraeids and other oligochaetes.


Environmental pathway analysis provides the link between qualification of source emissions and assessments of receptor exposure (eg. human exposure) through estimation of the ambient concentrations of contaminants in the various environmental media.Two basic techniques can be employed to investigate environmental pathways: analytic sampling programs & mathematical fate modelling. Sampling programs are costly to design & implement, therefore, computerized mathematical models of environmental processes are frequently used to generate information unavailable by other means or to estimate data (i.e. environmental conc.) that would otherwise be costly to obtain.


A description is given of an operator training system on which simulation-based restoration training could be conducted and its operating environment. Included is a discussion of the restoration strategy on which it is based. Two restoration case studies on which the simulator was tested are presented. They concern the blackstart and resynchronization of two islands and blackstart of a hydro generating station. Some preliminary results of using the simulator for restoration training are highlighted.<<ETX>>


This article outlines a case for architects and designers to be more involved in discussions of innovation in construction and engineering and more generally in discussions of virtualities including style, community, market, and brand which characterize wealth creation in knowledge societies. The virtual is a strategic topic which is a common aspect of both design and innovation and is approachable through design methodologies.


A brief description of types of information on the environment used in the USSR (cartographic, statistical, aerial and space data) is given. Soviet scientists' concepts of complex environmental monitoring are discussed. The system of monitoring in the USSR is described, as well as the project of establishing the Unified Information System of Environmental Control.


We present our calculations for the $I$ = 1/2 and 3/2 $K-\pi$ s-wave scattering length with physical quark masses, extracted from the interaction energy of Euclidean two-point functions. We use the domain wall fermion action with physical quark masses at a single lattice spacing. We are specifically interested in the systematic effects due to around-the-world terms on the overall determination of the scattering length. We present our progress and discuss the various systematic effects in our preliminary results.


A plurality of holographic recording media (104) is a data set on the other substrate disposed on the light, and comprises a common, such as still or moving images or text, which means writing binary data. A plurality of memory address access media (106) are alternately interposed between a plurality of holographic recording media (104). Memory access of a pair of light-generating medium interference pattern at particular hologram recording medium layer, the layer is read. By scanning the beam in space interrogation interference pattern or by scanning the interrogating beam wavelength to select a specific memory access media layer.


Throw out opium, which tL· creator himself seems to prescribe; for we see the scarlet poppy growing in tL· cornfields, as if it were foreseen that wherever there is hunger to be fed there must be pain to be sooûied; throw out a few specifics which our art did not discover and is hardly needed to apply; throw out wine, which is a food, and the vapors which produce tL· miracle of anesthesia, and I firmly believe that if tL· whole materia medica, as now used, could be sunk to tL· bottom of tL· sea, it would be all the better for mankind—and all the worse for the fisL·s.


The concept of design changes with the times. Design made to enhance the quality of human lives is closely related to social values. In the 20 th century, design in the so-called industrial society was regarded as a form of 'problem-solving.' Functionalism led the departmentalization of design into specific parts such as commercial design, product design, fashion design, environmental design, etc. In the 21 st century, advanced digital technology influences industry, and it has sufficiently satisfied human desires. Under the new circumstances, the subject of design is no longer restricted by functional issues, and so design has begun to concentrate on human-centered values. The new movement has led to the development of differential concepts in design: eco-design, sustainable design, experiential design, human sensibility ergonomics in design, etc. For this reason, design today demands new perspectives and a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of this paper is to analyze multidisciplinary design within the framework of semantics, and to explore how semantic thinking might contribute to the integration of other disciplines. A study of multidisciplinary design with an emphasis on semantic analysis is followed by a process that includes: 1) understanding the chronological changes in design thinking and semantic design. 2) analyzing multidisciplinary design and its point of view. 3) carrying out case studies of institutes which are currently engaged in design projects using a multidisciplinary approach.


TIME and again group therapy outcome has proven to be a quagmire for clinical researchers. Reviews of evaluation studies have served primarily to underscore the pitfalls involved, which include not only all those encountered in individual therapy evaluation but several idiosyncratic to group therapy. 1-3 Satisfactory outcome measures have not been developed; numerous studies have indicated that many prepost psychometric tests, of value in individual therapy outcome studies, do not accurately reflect the changes undergone by group therapy patients. 4,5 Often improvement in the group (group maturation, increased cohesiveness) or improvement of the patient's group behavior has been erroneously equated with patient improvement. 6 Clinical studies in which the group therapist evaluates the outcome of his own patients suffer from observer bias. Another obstacle is the high attrition rate in group therapy, which has forced many investigators into the untenable position of conducting short-term follow-up


In order to evaluate the shear deformation characteristics, the direct shear tests for the rock-like specimens with regular sawtooth were carried out in the laboratory. The different asperity angles and different normal stress conditions were considered and the dilatancy characteristics and the corresponding failure modes were analyzed accordingly. The uncommon asperity angle of 25°, 40° and 55° have been selected to compare with the common angles, which can study the differences in detail. Studies show that when the normal stress keeps constant, the peak shear strength increases first and decreases with the increasing asperity angle afterwards. It is because the force causing sawtooth damage under tensile failure is less than the force under shear failure. When the asperity angle keeps constant, the greater the normal stress, the greater the peak shear strength. The larger the normal displacement of dilatancy angle and dilatancy are caused by larger asperity angle. According to the verification, the test results are in good agreement with the analytical results. It should be noted that the analytical results presented locate below the test result curves, which is due to the small values of c and m in the formula. The sliding failure is usually induced when the asperity angle or the normal stress is small. On the contrary, the tensile damage normally occurs while the asperity angle is large enough.


Using the Gross Regional Domestic Product data for 10 East Asian countries, this study shows that East Asia as a whole tends to converge to each other in terms of per capita income. If Northeast Asia is separately considered, there is far stronger evidence in favor of real growth convergence. This result suggests that the prospect for furthering economic and monetary integration in East Asia is not so gloomy. Despite such convergence trend, however, there are still relatively wider income disparities among regions and nations in East Asia than within Europe, suggesting that a common effort to reduce the income gap is needed for deeper integration.


The article brings forward an Internet-based remote fault diagnosis system. This system not only can be used for local diagno- sis, but also can be used for remote diagnosis, combining the knowledge system with experience of expert. This article focuses on the technologies of network and Web database, to realize the share of resource, improve the efficiency, low down the cost, and suit the need of the development of modern manufacture.


A study of 186 specimens of Poecilobothrus regalis was conducted in order to examine intraspecific variability of wing shape. The wing shape variation was analyzed using geometric morphometrics analyses. Significant differences in the structure of wing were found both between sexes and between populations. Differences between sexes were observed in the structure of the medium portion of wing. The first extracted canonical variate of geographic variation showed a moderately linear association with latitude and average temperature of February and March. The second canonical variate was correlated with longitude and values of average wind flow velocity. Allometric relationships were weak both between populations and sexes.


Recent studies reveal that the body's circardian rhythm may affect normal physiological function including blood pressure, cardiac output, gastric acid secretion, enzymatic activity, blood flow, body temperature. Thus these vital functions are regulated by transient release of active drug or substance at specific time and site. Pulsatile drug delivery systems are designed according to circardian rhythm of the body. These systems deliver the drug at specific time and specific site as per the pathophysiological need of the disease. In view of emerging chronotherapeutic approaches, pulsatile drug delivery systems are gaining a lot of interest now days. Floating Pulsatile drug delivery system (FPDDS) concept was applied to increase the gastric residence time of the dosage form having lag phase followed by burst release. To overcome limitation of various approaches for imparting, buoyancy and lag controlling were prepared by floating Pulsatile delivery system, for which time controlling system like rupturable membrane, erodible coating, capsule shaped system or multiparticulate system are primarily used in the control release.


Sea surface height variabilities during 1986–1988 in the tropical Pacific Ocean are described, based upon the Geosat altimeter data and a tropical Pacific Ocean general circulation model (OGCM) simulation forced with observed winds from Florida State University. Both data sets are validated against in situ sea level measurements at 12 selected sea level stations in the equatorial Pacific and were found to be in good agreement with these measurements with correlation coefficients (averaged over the 12 sea level stations in the equatorial Pacific) of 0.69 for Geosat and 0.71 for OGCM. Both the Geosat data and OGCM simulation capture significant amounts of variance of in situ measurements with standard deviations (averaged over the 12 sea level stations) of 7.7 cm for Geosat and 7.1 cm for OGCM as compared with that of 9.8 cm for in situ measurements. The Geosat altimeter data, given their uncertainties, are capable of describing sea surface height variabilities during 1986–1988 in the tropical Pacific Ocean, in particular the seasonal cycle, the 1987 El Nino and 1988 La Nina episodes, and the December 1986 equatorial Kelvin wave event. The OGCM-simulated surface dynamic height is found sensitive to different surface wind products: The standard deviation of the surface dynamic height simulated by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) 10-m wind product is only 5.5 cm.


Assimilated development in colleges and universities is embodied as identity in the guiding principles of running universities and setting up goals,in the structuring of majors and disciplines,and in the mode of training talents.This phenomenon is the result of planned economy,unified management of social organizations,and the orientation in resources allocation.The government should promote classified development of the universities,establish diversified yet harmonious systems for higher education,integrate the function of macroeconomic control with the function of financial allocations and university assessment,and guide universities to find their own strengths and make the best use of their resources:to be themselves and to create their own brands characteristic of their own features.


Sigmoid volvulus occurred in an 11-year-old girl, an entity rarely reported in children. The volvulus was successfully reduced with a rectal tube after failure of reduction by barium enema. The ideal method of treatment is unknown because of the scarcity of reported cases. The basic underlying anatomical defect that predisposes to sigmoid volvulus is congenital: a long redundant sigmoid with a narrow base. The apparent rarity of sigmoid volvulus in infancy and childhood may be due to failure to diagnose an incomplete intestinal obstruction secondary to a partial sigmoid volvulus, which then undergoes spontaneous detorsion.


This paper presents a novel technique referred to herein as MNM for efficient iterative solution of MoM matrices over a broad frequency range. It utilizes a combination of techniques to reduce the number of iterations required to generate the solution including a special choice of the initial guess, and efficient preconditioning. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the application of the MNM to representative microwave circuit analysis problems.


UML state machines provide an operational view of the behavior of software systems. However, properties of the execution history of state machines cannot be expressed modularly. This often leads to model elements addressing the same concern scattered all over the machine. We present an initial approach to aspect-oriented state machines, which show considerably better modularity in designs of history dependent behavior than normal UML state machines.


The Soviet ruling elite, the nomenklatura, used both cooption and political repression to encourage loyalty to the communist regime. Loyalty was critical both in defusing internal opposition to the rule of the nomenklatura and in either deterring or defeating foreign enemies of the Soviet Union. We assume that the nomenklatura determined the extent of cooption and the intensity of political repression by equating their perceived marginal benefits and marginal costs. We use this assumption to construct an account of the historical evolution of policies of cooption and political repression in the Soviet Union.


One of the issues that arises in BOT contracts are hazards and risks of the project. Governments tend to give responsibility of risks to investors as much as possible and among BOT benefits for governments and their motivation to use the BOT is to transfer project risks to the project company. In practice, this is a relative matter, and the project company is usually unable to manage project, control and accept all risks of the project, and depending on which country it invests in, it tries to transfer some risks and dangers to the Government or donor state company and other participants in the project in different ways including construction contractors, operators, suppliers of raw materials, product and service buyers and Data Transfer and cover other risks by insurance and in fact take some risks ability which can be controlled and managed.


Beginning with the 1982 protest over the siting of a hazardous waste facility containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a predominantly black neighborhood in Warren County, North Carolina, the movement for environmental justice has highlighted and critiqued industrial and regulatory practices that place poor communities and communities of color at disproportionate risk of exposure to toxic pollution. One of the most important advocacy tools utilized by local environmental justice groups is the toxic tour, an activity typically involving a community member leading a group of interested outsiders on a walking or riding tour through a polluted neighborhood in an effort to make the sights, sounds, smells, and feelings of everyday life in the at-risk neighborhood more palpable, more ''real'' for those making the trip. In Toxic Tourism, Phaedra Pezzullo provides an in-depth examination of the toxic tour as a central persuasive element of the environmental justice movement. Pezzullo develops theoretical concepts from rhetorical theory and cultural studies and applies them to three different toxic tours: a bus tour of ''Cancer Alley'' in Louisiana, a walking protest of Breast Cancer Awareness Month in San Francisco, and a video tour of unhealthy working conditions along the U.S. Mexico border. The book concludes with a consideration of how toxic tours fit within the rubric of public participation in environmental decision-making, and form part of the larger fabric of community-based democratic action. The result is a beautifully written piece of rhetorical-critical scholarship that is a must-read for students of environmental advocacy and public communication. The book is filled with moments of personal reflection and insight. Why has the environment, and more specifically the environmental justice movement and the toxic tours presented within that movement, captured the author's attention over so many years? Pezzullo begins by describing how the kitchen window of the house on a hill where she grew up afforded her four different views of her surroundings: her mother's bird feeder, the township dump, the swimming pool at the local high school, and the skyline of Philadelphia. ''Some days,'' she writes, ''I think that location shaped me as much as anything else in my life'' (xi). Just as these personal experiences led Pezzullo to think often about ''the proximity of these interrelated scenes of nature, waste, education, and culture,'' she asks her readers to think about their own geographic location and resultant perspective on environmental issues.


The successful ways in which families have conducted their businesses decade after decade have drawn scholars' attention to what the mainstream ideas are when it comes to making sustainable decisions. This article focuses on the main drivers behind sustainable decisions made by family businesses with respect to three pillars: economic, environmental, and social. In this context, the authors' aim is to present a statistical model for forecasting companies' future revenue in the next financial year by analyzing the relationship between the main internal drivers of family businesses and their corresponding financial objectives. Additionally, the analysis of the long-term strategy and the short-term actions indicates an understanding of environmental awareness. Reaction time in investment decisions represents a challenge for the sustainable performance of family companies. Human resources with good operation management in family businesses contribute to the assurance of long-term business stability and high returns on investments. The results will contribute to the literature on economic sustainability of family businesses.


This paper revisits a fundamental problem in statistical inference from a non-asymptotic theoretical viewpoint—the construction of confidence sets. We establish a finite-sample bound for the estimator, characterizing its asymptotic behavior in a non-asymptotic fashion. An important feature of our bound is that its dimension dependency is captured by the effective dimension—the trace of the limiting sandwich covariance—which can be much smaller than the parameter dimension in some regimes. We then illustrate how the bound can be used to obtain a confidence set whose shape is adapted to the optimization landscape induced by the loss function. Unlike previous works that rely heavily on the strong convexity of the loss function, we only assume the Hessian is lower bounded at optimum and allow it to gradually becomes degenerate. This property is formalized by the notion of generalized self-concordance which originated from convex optimization. Moreover, we demonstrate how the effective dimension can be estimated from data and characterize its estimation accuracy. We apply our results to maximum likelihood estimation with generalized linear models, score matching with exponential families, and hypothesis testing with Rao's score test.


Feature descriptors have been playing an important role in many computer vision problems, such as image matching and object recognition. While classic descriptors using texture or shape as a single cue of descriptive information have been proved to be successful, recently, several approaches have been proposed introducing the combination of multiple cues to increase descriptive power and robustness. In this paper, we review the methodology of the most recent and popular multiple cues descriptors, and evaluate them with respect to their application and robustness to the variance of conditions.


The article analyzes the relationship between political reality, theory and discourse. Political reality must be distinguished from political facts. Political facts appear only with the appearance of political theory. Increasing the number of theories we always increase the number of facts. The key moment in relationships between theory and facts is that theories "cover" only a very small number of  facts. A source from which we draw facts is reality. Reality is incomprehensible, infinite, inexhaustible etc. that is it is something like medieval philosophers' God. Due to political theories origin, in particular, their close relationship with their creators' personalities and their principal, essential normativity such theories can exist, to a certain extent, in parallel, independently of political reality. Theories serve as a source of words for political discourse and models for political institutions arrangement. The relationships between theory and discourse are best described using the metaphor of producing. That is, discourse is not just a simplistic or distorted version of a theory: it has its own nature. The theory makes consensus on political institutions possible because it provides a limited set of alternatives for such institutions. Regardless of how these alternatives are understood by politicians, their, alternatives, limited number, as well as the fact that any political discourse must be based on political theory, leads to the fact that sooner or later the agreement on one of these alternatives arises.


The purpose of this study was to explore the early treatment potential of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries using artificial juxtacrine stimulation by photo‐immobilization of a growth factor. A photo‐reactive epidermal growth factor complex (EGF‐Az) was synthesized by conjugating EGF with N‐(4‐azidobenzoyloxy) succinimide followed by immobilization onto polystyrene culture plates using UV irradiation. ACL cells from human tissues (1 × 105cells, 100 µl/well) were cultured as follows: control, no EGF; 50 µl native EGF; 50 µl EGF‐Az immobilized; and 100 µl EGF‐Az immobilized. The ACL cells were cultured long‐term and evaluated for possible differences in their responses to EGF. An in vitro wound closure assay was developed to enable examination of cellular proliferation and migration. ACL cell proliferation was most evident in the photo‐immobilized EGF culture group and was seen to increase in proportion to the amount of added EGF. In the in vitro wound closure assay, the lesioned area at 72 h after culture initiation was indistinguishable in the photo‐immobilized cultures, but remained clearly visible in the controls. We conclude that photo‐immobilized EGF induced rapid proliferation of ACL fibroblast cells by artificial juxtacrine stimulation and speculate that similar EGF immobilization onto bioabsorbable material (e.g., polyglycolic acid or polylactic acid) might contribute to a new therapy for the treatment of ACL injuries. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:73–80, 2007


This article investigates the contribution of labour and capital reallocation from the farm to the nonfarm sector to Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Growth (TFPG). We find that if labour reallocation is hypothetically suppressed in economies experiencing rapid structural transformation, that is, South Korea and Taiwan, the annualized long-term TFPG rate can be reduced by more than 0.8 percentage points. Such an effect is significant.


A survey was made of 16 avocado groves planted with rootstocks which are tolerant to root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. All groves sampled were infested with P. cinnamomi. Eleven rootstocks were evaluated for performance. All Phytophthora-tolerant rootstocks performed better than Borchard, a Phytophthora-susceptible rootstock. Thomas gave the best overall performance, followed closely by D9 and Barr Duke. Duke 7 exhibited moderate tolerance to Phytophthora but provided a standard with which to rate other tolerant rootstocks. G755 did not perform well and many trees exhibited leaf chlorosis, thin canopies and poor fruit set. Duke 7 performance could be correlated with soil Mn, and G755 performance could be correlated with soil Fe. All rootstocks exhibited low amounts of P, Cu and Zn in their foliage, indicating that certain nutrient sprays may assist in the establishment of Phytophthora- tolerant rootstocks. Phytophthora root rot of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is the limiting factor for avocado production in many areas of the world (Zentmyer, 1980; Pegg et al., 1982; Kotze and Darvas, 1983; Coffey, 1987a, 1991). In California it affects 60 to 75% of the groves and loss in 1987 was estimated to be approximately $30 million (Coffey, 1987a). The best long-term solution for controlling avocado root rot is the use of Phytophthora- tolerant rootstocks. Zentmyer began the search for Phytophthora-resistant rootstocks in the 1940's and 1950's and this led to the selection of Duke 6 and Duke 7 varieties (Zentmyer, 1963). In 1975, Duke 7 became the first Phytophthora-tolerant rootstock to become commercially successful. Since then extensive screening, selection and breeding by Zentmyer, Coffey, and Gabor has led to a number of new and promising varieties (Zentmyer, 1978; Coffey, 1987b, Gabor, 1990). Many of these varieties have now been in the field for 10 to 20 years. The purpose of this study was to survey existing groves of Phytophthora-tolerant rootstocks growing in Phytophthora-infested soil and to note their long-term performance. Furthermore, an attempt was made to correlate Phytophthora-tolerant rootstock performance with various soil factors.


The European UNI EN 689:1997 standard, annexed to Legislative Decree 81/08, is a complex statutory law thatis continuously being subjected to relevant changes. Furthermore, National Occupational Hygiene Associationsand  international  commissions  such  as  the  European  Chemical  Agency  (ECHA)  and  the  Health  and  SafetyExecutive (HSE) has supported the process for updating the guidance documents in the controlling of the risk atworkplaces. In the recent years, there has been a focus on the assessment of occupational exposure to chemicalagents and the relative compliance with health and safety laws including the occupational exposure limit values(OELVs). The aim of this investigation is to show how a correct procedure of sampling and analysis could workmore effectively if qualified by preliminary studies. A case study, reported in detail in this communication, pro-vides a sort of guidance and tools to help "appraisers" understand what they need to do to evaluate correctly theUNI EN 689 requirements.


Architecture has held the first place among the arts all over the world. It renewed itself, like the sister arts, at the turn of the century; however, while these still depend more or less On the "old men" who laid the foundations of this development after 1900, in the field of architecture, following the high point reached in the nineteen twenties, a generation has arisen which, although it represents perhaps pupils of the great masters, has further developed their ideas and added some of its own.


Based on the relation between the ratio of evapotranspiration and evaporation from water surfaces ETa/ E0 and the average soil moisture content of root zone,and by the soil moisture and evapotranspiration data of reed experimental plot in Aksu water balance experimental station of Chinese academy of sciences,a calculation model of reed evapotranspiration of arid zone was established and verified with the evapotranspiration directly measured in the experimental plot.The result revealed that the model had high precision with its relative error ranging within 4%and could be used to calculate the evapotranspiration of reed of arid zone.


Accurate inductance calculations are critical for the design of both digital and analogue superconductive integrated circuits, and three-dimensional calculations are gaining importance with the advent of inductive biasing, inductive coupling and sky plane shielding for RSFQ cells. InductEx, an extraction programme based on the three-dimensional calculation software FastHenry, was proposed earlier. InductEx uses segmentation techniques designed to accurately model the geometries of superconductive integrated circuit structures. Inductance extraction for complex multi-terminal three-dimensional structures from current distributions calculated by FastHenry is discussed. Results for both a reflection plane modelling an infinite ground plane and a finite segmented ground plane that allows inductive elements to extend over holes in the ground plane are shown. Several SQUIDs were designed for and fabricated with IPHT's 1 kA cm − 2 RSFQ1D niobium process. These SQUIDs implement a number of loop structures that span different layers, include vias, inductively coupled control lines and ground plane holes. We measured the loop inductance of these SQUIDs and show how the results are used to calibrate the layer parameters in InductEx and verify the extraction accuracy. We also show that, with proper modelling, FastHenry can be fast enough to be used for the extraction of typical RSFQ cell inductances.


The article deals with the issues of semantics and functioning of the comparative categories in the Kumyk and the English languages. The phraseological units that express comparison explicitly/implicitly are examined. Differences and similarities in the means of expression of comparative relations are also identified.


The effect of 200 MeV Ag ion irradiation on the temperature and field dependence of critical current density (JC) of high quality MgB2 thin films is studied. Substantial increase in JC is observed over a certain field range for the film irradiated at a dose of 1012 ions/cm2. Our analysis suggests that columnar defects are not formed under irradiation conditions used in these studies, which correspond to an electronic energy loss of about 16 keV/nm. Defects clusters are likely to be responsible for the observed improvement in JC.


This study aims to analyze the deflection behavior of the sheet pile through experimental testing and numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The Laboratorium scale test on a Tub with length of 1500 mm, width of 600 mm, and height of 1500 mm, and Steel Plate 3.2 mm with dimensions of 1400 mm x 590 mm was used as a model of the sheet pile wall. The subgrade material is clay soil and embankment material in the form of Sirtu which passes the No. sieve. 40. Physical and mechanical testing of soil and gravel materials is carried out with reference to ASTM standards. The measurement of the value of the strip load (q) and deflection was carried out using a load cell with a capacity of 100 kN and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The deflection of the sheet pile was using was analyzed using Plaxis 8.2 software of the FEM method. The results of laboratory tests show that the pile wall collapses at a load of 74 kN/m2, with a deflection of 24.56 mm, while the FEM analysis shows that the pile wall collapses at a load of 71 kN/m2 with a deflection of 21.29 mm.


The fundamental thought of our methodology is to inspire client inclinations communicated in text-based audits, an issue known as opinion investigation, and guide such inclinations onto some evaluating scales that can be perceived by existing CF calculations. One significant errand in our rating deduction system is the assurance of wistful directions PSWAM and qualities of assessment words. It is because surmising a rating from an audit is chiefly done by separating assessment words in the survey, and afterward accumulating the PSWAM of such words to decide the predominant or normal notion inferred by the client. We played out some primer examination on film audits to research how PSWAM and qualities of assessment words can be resolved and proposed a relative-a recurrence-based technique for performing such assignments. The proposed technique tends to a significant impediment of existing strategies by permitting comparative words to have distinctive PSWAM. We additionally created and assessed a model of the proposed structure. Fundamental outcomes approved the viability of different assignments in the proposed system and suggested that the process doesn't rely on a large preparation corpus for working. An accelerated algorithm based on the Naïve Bayes approach is used to solve the PSWAM and a parallel algorithm based on FISTA is incorporated to further improve the efficiency. The result is a graph representing opinion target and opinion word candidates before and after extraction further helping users simplify the task of analysis.


The invention provides a tracking method of a moving object. The detecting and tracking method of the object includes the following steps: S1, obtaining a video streaming image of a monitored domain; S2, obtaining a background frame image through a background modeling method, and comparing a current frame image with the background frame image to obtain a motion domain; S3, performing gray histogram operation on pixels in the motion domain; S4, searching sub-domains with the same area of adjacent frames to obtain a sub-domain which has the highest matching degree with gray histogram operation results through combination of the central point distance of the motion domain; and S5, performing immediate updating on central point information of the sub-domain, storing the information in a storing device, and obtaining a tracking result of the moving object through calculation of track information of the central point of the sub-domain in the monitored domain. Moving objects can be tracked by using the tracking method in indoor and outdoor complex environments, and the tracking efficiency and accuracy for the moving objects can be improved effectively.


An approach of multi-document summarization based-on shallow analysis is presented.It analyzes the structure information of the single document and statistical information of multi-document,and dynamically computes the contribution of a sentence to the summary and reduces the redundant information with improved MMR method.Then the summary outputs with a timeline.The automatic evaluation of the English summaries with n-gram score shows the system's effectiveness and feasibility.


Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) or inflammatory pseudotumor is a tumoral lesion which can be seen in all age groups and in all internal organs. It is in  differential diagnosis with some important neoplasms such as Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Sarcomatoid carcinoma.  Differentiation between these tumors requires a special diagnostic tool such as Immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study aimed to identify Immunohistochemical characteristics of  inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Methods: 19 cases included in this cross-sectional study. All cases with diagnosis  of :" Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor" or " Inflammatory pseudotumor" at pathobiology laboratories of Kermanshah university, Tehran Imam Khomaini Hospital and Institute of Cancer were selected and studied by using IHC stains   for CK, EMA, SMA, MSA, Desmin, P53, ALK and Vimentin . Results: Mean age of cases was 40.4 year . 52.6% were male and 47.4% female. Most frequent affected organs were; Stomach (4 cases), Urinary Bladder (3 cases), Small Intestine (3 cases), Lung and Mediastinum (3cases), Omentum (2 cases), Retroperitoneum (1 case), Cervix(1 case), Urethra(1 case) and gluteus Maximus Muscle (1 case), . Vimentin (94.7%) , MSA (57.9%) and SMA (47.4%) were the most frequent expressed IHC biomarkers in diagnosed tumors  respectively. Conclusion: CK is a reliable marker for differentiation between these lesions and Sarcomatoid carcinoma. For differentiation from Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma and Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule, using Desmin is a useful biomarker. It is recommended that "IMT"  be used for those lesions that express ALK and/or those that cytogenetic studies reveal a fusion of introducing genes. Other lesions should be classified and reported as "Inflammatory Pseudotumor.


Two recent decisions by English courts have established that the man who gave birth to his child should be registered as the 'mother' of that child. The courts found that, despite the fact that the Gender Recognition Act provides that a person who had changed sex and received 'a full gender recognition certificate' is considered 'for all purposes' to be a person of 'the acquired gender', this person still has to be registered on his child's birth certificate as belonging to the opposite sex. This article describes and evaluates the reasons for these decisions, and compares the English position to those of a number of jurisdictions, including that of South Africa. It argues that the legal context in this country provides for a more pragmatic and equitable approach to the rights of both trans parents and their children.


The paper deals with frame approach to the analysis of the concept Jealousy. The fact that the character of slots – finite centers of the frame structure of the concept – is determined by the specific character of the sphere of concepts is disclosed. Script showing the action development from the perspective of a third party is given. Chain of situation development conditions is settled.


A cDNA (DtNDK1) encoding a nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase with a putative mitochondrial targeting signal sequence was previously isolated from the halo‐tolerant green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the processed DtNDK1 enzyme was specifically localized to mitochondria. The present study reports several biochemical characteristics of the mitochondrial NDP kinase from D. tertiolecta. The mature protein was expressed as either N‐ or C‐terminal hexahistidine‐tagged protein and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromato‐graphy. Native gel electrophoresis and sedimentation velocity in sucrose density gradients showed that the active enzyme consisted of a hexamer. The enzyme, with a pH optimum of 7, showed the highest specificity to dCDP (Km= 50 μmol/L) and the highest turnover towards the synthesis of UTP (up to 140‐fold higher). The present study also provides evidence that purified DtNDK1 proteins are capable of transferring a phosphate group to another protein.


Amathematical model is developed for the simultaneous treatment of PLGA degradation and erosion and diffusive drug release with autocatalytic effects and nonconstant effective diffusivity of the drug. A mechanistic reaction-diffusion model with pore evolution coupled to hydrolysis and related to the effective diffusivity through hindered diffusion theory is proposed. Experimental background motivating the attention to the size-dependent effects of autocatalysis on drug release and a brief review of related mathematical models are presented. The model equations are derived, solved numerically with a computational code developed for this work and described in detail, and compared to the analytical solutions to the model in limiting cases. The model performance for the case of drug release from microspheres of different sizes is presented to highlight the capability of the model for predicting size-dependent, autocatalytic effects on the polymer and the release of drug.


The present invention is an input terminal (201), LTP analysis block for forming LTP parameters on the basis of properties of the audio signal by performing a LTP analysis to the frames of the audio signal (209) for inputting frames of an audio signal, and an encoder including a first excitation block 206, and the second excitation block 207 for performing a second excitation for frames of the audio signal for performing a first excitation for at least a frame of the audio signal to be involved. Encoder the first excitation block 206, and the second to perform here for the frames of the audio signal on the basis of the parameter analysis block (202), and the parameter analysis for analyzing said LTP parameters this further comprises the excitation selection block 203 for selecting one excitation block among the blocks 207. the The invention also relates to devices, systems, methods, modules, and computer program product.


The invention relates to a microwave measurement technique and discloses a dielectric constant measurement device. The device comprises a measurement cavity and a measurement instrument, wherein the measurement cavity is a sealed metal cavity of an axially-symmetric structure, the metal cavity is formed by an upper portion and a lower portion in a butt joint mode, the upper portion of the metal cavity is a frustum used for installation of a probe, the lower portion of the metal cavity is a column body or a frustum used for holding measured dielectric, symmetric axes of the upper portion and the lower portion are overlapped, the probe is installed at the top end of the upper portion and is arranged on the symmetric axis of the metal cavity, the probe stretches into the metal cavity, the probe is of a coaxial line structure, the probe is an inner conductor of a coaxial line structure, an outer conductor of the coaxial line structure is connected with the metal cavity, the probe is connected with the measurement instrument through a transmission line to be used for transmitting microwave test signals, the measurement instrument is a vector network analysis meter, and the dielectric constant of the measured dielectric is calculated through an S parameter. According to the device, a non-contact measurement method is adopted, and accordingly measurement errors caused by high temperature can be effectively eliminated.


Microorganisms have been extensively used in supplementing the nutrient demand of the crop, thereby reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. Rhizospheric microorganisms maintain a close relationship with plants and help stimulate plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous and improve mineral nutrient uptake and enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Glomus fasciculatum, G. macrocarpum, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, G. constrictum were recovered from the roots of almost all the plants in present study. G. fasciculatum was the dominant one. The percent colonization occurred to the maximum extent with tomato crop at all the sites. Spore population of AM fungi was found highest in case of tomato and lowest for okra plants.


Polycrystalline <100 nm thin CdS films deposited by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method are used as n-type window layer in high efficiency heterojunction CuInSe_2, Cu_2ZnSnS_4, and CdTe solar cells. The major shortcoming of the CdS films is its stability and high sub-bandgap absorption. In the present work, an alternative window layer for the heterojunction solar cells based on cadmium oxysulfide Cd(S,O) thin films formed by the CBD method is described. The ∼100 nm thin Cd(S,O) films formed by co-deposition of CdS with CdO show high >85% optical transmittance over 550-1000 nm region compared to 70% transmission in CdS films. Cd(S,O) film formed with highly conformal coverage showed as direct optical band gap of 2.19-2.09 eV depending on the CdO fraction in the film. The CBD growth of CdS is via controlled release of S^2- and Cd^2+ ions in an alkaline medium through complexing to prevent CdS or Cd(OH)_2 as colloids in the solution phase. In the present method, by altering the substrate conditions we carried out controlled Cd(OH)_2 deprotonation reaction to form CdO over the substrate concurrently with CdS to deposit Cd(S,O) films. These films are polycrystalline having wurtzite structure identified by (002), (110) and (112) x-ray diffractions. Formation of Cd(S,O) phase is confirmed by Raman spectra which besides the characteristic CdS 1LO and 2LO modes at 300 and 600 cm^-1, also showed Raman lines from CdO at 1094 cm^-1 and 943 cm^-1 assigned as overtone of 2LO phonon modes at the L or Γ points of the Brillouin zone of CdO.


We consider the conservative H enon mapping, which is the one dimensional model of a FODO cell with a sextupole nonlinearity. We analyse the well known problem of estimating the dynamic aperture of such a model with analytical tools. A complete solution can be found by drawing the stable and unstable manifolds which emanate from the xed point of the map; the envelope of these manifolds exactly reproduces the boundary of stability of the model. Some numerical examples are given.


We present an approximation algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem when the vehicle is constrained to move forward along paths with bounded curvature (Dubins' vehicle). A deterministic algorithm returns in time O(n3) a tour within (( 1 + max { 8πρ Dmin , 14 3 }) log n ) of the optimum tour, where n is the number of points to visit, ρ is the minimum turning radius and Dmin is the minimum Euclidean distance between any two points. A randomized version returns a tour with an expected approximation ratio of (( 1 + 13.58ρ Dmin ) log n ) . This very simple algorithm reduces the Traveling Salesman Problem for Dubins' vehicle to an Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem on a directed graph.


Abstract : A generalized theoretical analysis of the anisotropy transformer and similar devices is developed. A transform-analog technique for the determination of optimum physical configurations for realization of mutual capacitance and voltage gain and for the determination of equivalent-circuit parameters is employed. The open-circuit voltage gain of the anisotropy transformer is shown to have an upper limit of unity under linear operation conditions and this demonstration is extended to include the general class of such devices. Since a linear-mode greater than unity is impossible, the non- linear properties of multi-terminal dielectric materials (specifically Rochelle salt) and their application as nonlinear elements in dielectric amplifier configurations is investigated. The use of Rochelle salt as a nonlinear element proves to be impractical and feasibility of nonlinear anisotropic coupling techniques in other oriented ferroelectric crystals is found to depend on poorly understood aspects of the macroscopic consequences of the mechanism of polarization reversal.


Thermal Infrared (TIR) remote Sensing is important for many terrestrial changes. There are number of applications documented on thermal infrared observation includes soil moisture, land surface emissivity, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, climatology, agronomy, hydrology and ecology. In order to provide the significance of thermal infrared remote sensing in various land and atmospheric process modelling- a book "Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Sensors, Methods, Applications" is edited by Dr. Claudia Kuenzer, and Prof. Stefan Dech. A review of the above-mentioned book is presented in this article.


Objective To investigate the psychological health in 122 newly appointed officers and research their psychological characteristic at special time and particular environment and provide basic data for psychological health management in newly appointed officers.Methods To test with SCL-90 for 122 newly appointed officers from certain army in first field training,compared the results between officers from different sources and positions,and compared the results in first field training with the norm of Chinese serviceman.Results(1) In 2010,the results in first field training with the norm of Chinese serviceman: the total score and factorial score were significantly lower than the norm of Chinese serviceman,the difference showed statistical significance(P0.01);the total score,the number of somatization,depressed,anxiety,terror and hostility,psychotic were significantly higher than its in 1 month of reposting,the difference showed statistical significance(P0.01 or P0.05).(2) The difference of SCL-90 score and factorial score between national defense students and high school cadets has no statistical significance(P0.05).The compulsion and interpersonal sensitivity scores in soldiers military academy cadets were lower than that in national defense students,the difference showed statistical significance(P0.05).The total score,the number of somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depressed and other factors were lower than that of high school cadets,the difference showed statistical significance(P0.05).(3) The compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity and other factors scores in non-infantry group were higher than in infantry group,the difference showed statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion The mental health condition of newly appointed officers declined in first field training.The targeted mental intervention should be given based on psychological stress response characteristics.


We have prepared by electrodeposition Ni80Fe20/Cu multilayered nanowires into the pores of polymer membranes and performed giant magnetoresistance (GMR) measurements in the current perpendicular to the layer planes geometry. GMR ratios as high as 80% have been obtained at 4.2 K. Two types of structure have been studied: conventional Ni80Fe20/Cu multilayers and multilayers composed of Ni80Fe20/Cu/Ni80Fe20 trilayers magnetically isolated by long Cu rods. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.


Carborane cages are interesting materials for electronics because of their pseudoaromatic, wide-band-gap molecular structures. We have observed that p-carboranes tethered to gold by thiolate linkers form polycrystalline monolayers which are incommensurate with the Au(111) substrate. The incommensurability results from the strong interactions between adjacent p-carborane cages (1.6 eV/molecule) and from the adlayer lattice spacing, which is defined by the cage diameter. The high ionization potential of the carborane structures results in a significant shift in the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of p-carborane (4.3 eV below the Fermi level) compared to the HOMO of oligophenylene derivatives (2.1 eV below the Fermi level). These findings suggest the combination of p-carboranes with established aromatic π-systems as a new design strategy for molecular electronic devices.


Social work emphasized"people in the situation",social work laboratory shall use and creating context under the theory of situated cognition.It should be used of Internalization the conciousness of cognigion experiment to the professional teachers、opening experimental course、opening laboratory and laboratory becoming social sevice agencies.


For more than 25 years the Zulpich Papier GmbH, a producer of corrugating medium and testliner, has been operated under complete effluent free conditions and is regarded as a pioneer in process water closure. However, the accumulation of organic compounds as well as the increase of salt content, water hardness and the concentration of volatile fatty acids had negative effects on the paper quality and the vapour exhaust of the paper machines. To keep up the system closure, a biological treatment plant was integrated in the closed water circuit. An internal anaerobic/aerobic combination was installed. A part of the total process water stream is purified in the treatment plant and reused as process water. Within a few weeks after start-up, the inline process water treatment plant reached the forecast efficiency with very positive effects on the characteristics of process water, paper and the exhaust of the paper machines.


The use of scheduling algorithm in virtual channel multiplexing in CCSDS AOS affects the channel utilization of AOS space communication system. According to the traffic characteristics in AOS, the system model is established by using stochastic network calculus and Fractal Brown Motion (FBM) model which takes consideration into the self-similar characteristics of traffic. According to the characteristics of the FBM model, from the angle of delay performance and backlog, to compare first-come-first-serviced, static priority and Round Robin scheduling algorithms are focused and their influence on the performance is investigated. The results shed new insights for further research on virtual channel scheduling performance of AOS CCSDS spatial data systems, and have potentially significant and practical value to study the scheduling algorithm of traffic with strong self-similarity and burstiness in AOS space communication systems.


Masonry structures should be treated as discontinuum structure with mechanical behavior which is different from continuum structures. The discontinuous structures are represented as the assemblage of discrete blocks. The discontinuities should be treated as boundary conditions between blocks, and large displacements along discontinuities and rotations of blocks should be allowed. To solve these problems, this study presents the discrete element method. This study presents modelling technique and structural analysis method of masonry stone pagoda in Gameunsa temple site.


Soildrones is a set of integrated services which seeks to innovate in the field of agriculture in Colombia integrating new technologies such as drones and image recognition. Soildrones focuses on one of the most important processes in agriculture that is "soil analysis" in which we currently work in a very traditional way and this entails certain variations and inaccuracies in the results that are collected. Soildrones to attack this problem offers a service of sampling of high precision, together with an accompaniment of personnel expert in the subject and a web platform that allows the user to have a traceability over the time of the evolution of their lands.


This paper aims at answering the question of Keller with regard to the relations between the geographic effects and channels or mechanism of international RD spillovers with 42 countries from 1996 to 2011 as samples.The results show that international knowledge spillover is characterized by geographical localization that declines with distance.A comparative research on the impact of four main RD spillovers channels is conducted,finding that the import and export spillover channels do not have a consistent influence on the international RD spillover elasticity,while inward and outward FDI have a significant as well as a weak positive effect on the elasticity.The results also demonstrate that developing countries are relatively at a better advantage than developed countries in the face of international RD spillovers.The paper concludes with several policy recommendations.


as a vehicle, as noted above. Awareness of old "pagan" Greco-Roman literature on the part of poets represented in this book was nil; for if one resembles Alcaeus, others Theognis or Pindar (and they do), or they write in an "Anacreontic" or "Horatian" vein, like the Persians Rudagi or Khaqani, their circumstances and feelings are autonomous. They are parallel rather than derivative: No one needs to learn to love wine or to love love from reading about them, or how to praise or vilify a more powerful personage. On the other hand, complex intertextuality within Arabic-Islamic culture is clearly involved. Several of the poets establish personae as convincingly as Sappho or Catullus did. Or more coyly, like playful Ovid. If any current of "foreign" influence is involved, it flows not to these poets but from them to Christian poets in a contemporary western Mediterranean cultural continuum that comprised Spain, Languedoc-Roussillon, and Sicily. Infidels then carried Arabic-derived forms northward when from about 1200 CE literate vernaculars developed. Iberian Arabic verse models of rhetoric, amatory poetry, encomium, and self-assertion (which comes through clearly in Lewis's versions) as well as of assonance and rhyme (which Lewis does not attempt to imitate) affected those lands and spread from them northward. Through transliterated quatrains from all four languages a very short appendix does approximate their sound, though idiomatic accents of rhythm and tone cannot be discerned. Nor, of course, can any associated calligraphy. Some elegant script does appear in the B&W illustrations to the book; but these do not demonstrate what was so splendidly done with Arabic verses both sacred and secular as, of course, with the Qur'an. Calligraphic composition and imitation of poems in this tradition, if perhaps not as dominant as in East Asia, has remained an exalted art. The written word has nowhere been more revered, and violence to a sacred book as book is a mortal offense; perhaps only the biblical Hebrew "jot and tittle" have been equally sacrosanct, and in like manner prompted artistic writing in expression of an aniconic faith. But seldom, if ever, was it so elaborated as with Arabic. The aforementioned illustrations, generous in number, only make the reader-viewer wish for full color such as the front cover shows. Keeping a book's price attractively low is a noble aim; yet a few examples of such book-art in brilliant color would have been a literally illuminating enrichment. Lewis offers very few notes on the poems themselves, though following the translation sections he provides an informative section "About the Poets"—sixteen pages on fifty-five of them—with their dates and personal information. From their writing one would have inferred that Suhaym (seventh century) and Nusayb ibn Rabah (d. 726) were Blacks of African origin; while of late-eighth century Arab Rabi'a al-'Adawwiyya and the Turk Mihri Hatun (d. 1506) their self-referential words are recognizably feminine. That anelegiac Arab mourner of a heroic warrior was his kinswoman (Al-Khansa', early seventh century) could not be so easily guessed. The sex of addressed or described beloved persons can be ambiguous, as Walter C. Andrewes and Mehmet Kalpakli show in The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society (2005). This price-worthy book can be recommended to a very wide variety of readers, lay and academic, interested in poetry and poetics or in the periods, places, and overlapped cultures represented here. Lewis's controversial historical views and political analyses on the conflicts in the Middle East are nowhere in evidence; his decision to include eleventhto late-thirteenth-century Hebrew material by Iberian Jews certainly ought to provoke no one.


Dealing with patients with both multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory rheumatic disorders (IRD) is not uncommon for a rheumatologist, as there is a statistical association between spondyloarthritis and MS. As several central nervous system demyelinating events have been reported in patients treated with TNFi, the pre-existing demyelinating disease was considered a contraindication for TNFi. However, this contraindication is mainly based on a randomized controlled trial in MS and not on large epidemiologic studies. According to the last epidemiologic studies, TNFi might not be inducer of MS. Moreover, there are no clear recommendations on the use of the other DMARDs in patients suffering from an IRD and MS. In this review, we summarize the link between MS and the IRD and the impact of DMARDs on MS, especially TNFi. We also look at the impact of disease-modifying drugs for adults with MS on IRD.


Empathy in Architecture is not an option but remain a choice by most architects and architecture students as one of the factors in design considerations. According to WHO, more people (comparing with which duration) lives beyond world average life expectancy of 81years old and occurs in all society. This presentation aimed at capturing the facts of Ageing and Aged as natural phenomena of living for all humans and the need for architecture, as a noble profession, to address these needs as a second nature in design. Case studies of Malaysian scenario from a demographic profile, good and bad practices - through facilities by example and design guidelines provision are discussed and presented. As we aged, we realised how much we depend on the empathy of the present architecture to empower the ageing generation, some independence with dignity, and thus will not burden the next generation of our incapability. The future is indeed now and always.


The oceans of large icy outer planet satellites are prime targets in the search for extraterrestrial life in our solar system. The goal of our project has been to develop models of ice convection in order to understand convection as an astrobiologically relevant transport mechanism within icy satellites, especially Europa. These models provide valuable constraints on modes of surface deformation and thus the implications of satellite surface geology for astrobiology, and for planetary protection. Over the term of this project, significant progress has been made in three areas: (1) the initiation of convection in large icy satellites, which we find probably requires tidal heating; (2) the relationship of surface features on Europa to internal ice convection, including the likely role of low-melting-temperature impurities; and (3) the effectiveness of convection as an agent of icy satellite surface-ocean material exchange, which seems most plausible if tidal heating, compositional buoyancy, and solid-state convection work in combination. Descriptions of associated publications include: 3 published papers (including contributions to 1 review chapter), 1 manuscript in revision, 1 manuscript in preparation (currently being completed under separate funding), and 1 published popular article. A myriad of conference abstracts have also been published, and only those from the past year are listed.


Abstract:The small but meaningful presence of animals in writings by major Bloomsbury figures Virginia and Leonard Woolf and E. M. Forster signals a number of covert presences in these authors' texts and lives. They embody partially repressed individual emotions or desires, unresolved social issues, and a sense of mystical and cosmic sacredness and interspecies relationality that secular Bloomsbury overtly rejected. The presence of these animals can thus be aligned with Julia Kristeva's idea of the abject and Hélène Cixous's concept of the 'abominable' -- unstable elements of the self that are cast out in order to achieve a stable identity, keeping such elements present but at bay as the members of Bloomsbury explore aesthetic and intellectual realms.


In Reply.— In response to Dr Walter's letter, we would like to emphasize that numerous aspects of our investigation were not described in detail because of constraints on the length of our manuscript. Therefore, we elaborated only on the specific issues that we, the manuscript reviewers, and the JAMA editors believed were most relevant from a clinical and laboratory perspective. This investigation involved extensive laboratory and veterinary support and expertise, as demonstrated in the acknowledgments section of our article. Eleven different laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and laboratories at the Minnesota Department of Health and Department of Agriculture participated in the microbiological investigation. Our microbiological studies are continuing at this time. In addition, during the first three months of our investigation we convened a panel of 12 consultants from academic institutions nationwide, who have diverse expertise in the microbiology and clinical aspects of diarrheal diseases, to assist us


Defined by the IEEE 802.16 standard, WiMax system is also called broadband wireless metropolitan area network. It supports real time and non-real time services. There is no packet-scheduling algorithms defined, which was need for the requirement of quality of service (QoS) supporting for real-time services. Normally, the service station (SS) requests for bandwidth from the base station (BS), The BS then allocates the bandwidth to SS according to priority-based request. In this paper we propose an adaptive bandwidth scheduling strategy for real time polling services (rtPS), the SS estimate the arrival of rtPS packets prior to the arrival and requests the BS for bandwidth in advance, based on the SS's request and the actual bandwidth request by past. The analytical model and simulation show that, this adaptive algorithm provided better results with respect to the number of packets waiting at SS and average delay as compared to the widely accepted weighted scheduling algorithm and other adaptive bandwidth request mechanism.


We propose a protocol to disentangle the electro-vibrational structural coupling contributing to the intrinsic tribologic properties of layered MX2 transition metal dichalcogenides (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) under load. We employ ab initio techniques to model how changing the interlayer distance affects the electronic distribution and the vibrational properties of the system. We analyze the electro-vibrational coupling features by combining orbital polarization and mode Gruneisen parameters analyses with the recently developed bond covalency descriptor and the lattice dynamic metric named cophonicity. We find that intralayer charge distribution depends on the interlayer distance, determining, in turn, a shift of specific vibrational frequencies. We finally suggest a route to control the frequency shift, thus the bulk response to the load, in transition metal dichalcogenides through a proper selection of the atomic type.


A method for correcting the grey values of images from a digital infra-red camera including a two-dimensional detector, wherein correction co-efficients K j for each picture element j are stored in a memory of an image processing system and the correction co-efficients K j are constantly improved with the aid of a dynamic correction process. The detector and the image on the detector are also subjected to microscan which prevents static objects having a high spatial frequency from affecting the correction co-efficients.


Today, the administrative courts in Iran resolve important part of the disputes of the government and citizens and their qualification includes the significant items and affect the fundamental rights of people. The administrative court of tribunal is one of the most important courts resolving the litigations between the government and citizens as the public court of the complaints against the government and governmental employees. The present study evaluated the tribunal hearing and studied the open hearing as one of the important principles of fair hearing in this court. The present study found that the hearing of administrative court of tribunal is not enjoying high quality based on the principles of hearing transparency and it is better that the law maker by revising the rules on the tribunal and ratification of a comprehensive law on administrative hearing in Iran eliminates the problems.


Introduction: The aging process reflects the conditions and quality of life of the
population. Projections indicate by 2060 the number of seniors aged 80 and over
may exceed 19 million. This increase in life expectancy is accompanied by changes
in the health profile of the population and the predominance of diseases, associated
with this is sarcopenia. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and prevalence of
sarcopenia in elderly women participating in the Waist Extension project of the
Federal University of Pernambuco / Academic Center of Vitoria (UFPE / CAV).
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with elderly women participating in the
waist extension project, UFPE / CAV. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric
and physical fitness data were collected. Prediction of skeletal muscle mass, muscle
strength and physical performance were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Results:
Thirteen elderly women over 60 years of age participated in the study, with a higher
prevalence between the ages of 60 and 79 (84.6%). There was a predominance of
brown race (46.1%), widows (69.2%), education less than 8 years (69.2%) and per
capita income greater than a minimum wage (61 .5%). Regarding the lifestyle
variables, there was a superiority of those who never smoked (61.5%) and never
consumed alcoholic beverages (61.5%). As for comorbidity, there was a supremacy
of systemic arterial hypertension (53.8%). According to nutritional screening, 84.6%
presented adequate nutritional status; however, regarding body mass index, there
was a prevalence of overweight (61.5%), but eutrophic when evaluated by arm
circumference (53.8%), Arm muscle (92.3%) and calf (100%). Regarding
cardiovascular risk, the prevalence of risk was very high (waist circumference)
(61.5%), and the risk was increased by waist-hip ratio (76.9%) and waist height ratio
(84.6%). The taper index identified increased metabolic risk in a greater number of
elderly women (92.3%). Evaluating the body composition of the elderly, 84.6% had
high fat percentage and 92.3% reduced skeletal muscle mass. Regarding the degree
of sarcopenia, there was a prevalence of pre-sarcopenic (69.2%) and of those that
did not present sarcopenic obesity (69.2%). When the physical fitness of the users
was observed, 61.5% had good results in the strength tests and 84.6% in the
physical performance. As to the knowledge about sarcopenia, 84.6% had never
heard of it, none knew what it was, 61.5% believed it to be a disease and 92.3%
believed that adequate nutrition and physical exercise help in prevention and 84, 6%
assumed they did not have sarcopenia. Conclusion: We observed a higher
percentage of overweight and pre-sarcopenic elderly women.


Cooperation has become the leading strategy adopted by business and other organizations. It is taking on new forms that are adapted to changing market expectations and technological possibilities in the rapidly evolving business environment. This new edition of Cooperative Strategy provides a comprehensive view of the practical and theoretical literature concerning cooperative strategies, and the alliance and network organizational forms that are the enablers of these strategies. It takes the reader through the stages of developing a cooperative alliance, from choosing a cooperative form and selecting partners, to establishing an alliance and managing the process of cooperation. It examines cooperative strategies in different sectors as well as internationally, and discusses performance criteria and evolution of cooperation over time. With insights from internationally recognized experts on cooperative strategy, this book presents extensive research on the topic while also addressing practical issues of alliance management. Echoing the words of the famous social psychologist Kurt Lewin that "there is nothing so practical as a good theory," the authors provide a sound understanding of the theory and research on cooperative strategy so as to inform its practice. In this respect, this new edition follows its predecessor as an essential resource for both students and managers alike.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic

inflammatory lung that causes discouraged wind current from

the lungs. Indications join breathing difficulty, hack, bodily fluid

(sputum) creation and wheezing. Although COPD is a reformist

sickness that deteriorates over time, COPD is treatable. With

authentic organization, a considerable number individuals

with COPD can achieve extraordinary appearance control and

individual fulfillment, just as decreased danger of other related

conditions.


Advances in modern thyristor phase-controlled AC induction motor drives have recently been applied to a steep-grade, counter-balanced funicular railway. While similar in many respects to large elevator drive systems, the specialized requirements of a commercial funicular or aerial cableway drive are apparent in the duty cycle, load variations and regeneration capability. Shown is the adaptation of standard, low-cost phase-controlled AC drives for use in large counterbalanced drive systems intended for public transport. A mathematical treatment of the controller induction motor dynamics is also presented.


Deaf education originated from Europe and developed quickly in the United States.Since the last decade in the end of 20th century,deaf education in western countries has set about facing the reality of low achievement in education which should have been treated seriously earlier because of the deaf student movement,progress in audiological technology,and influence of inclusive education.Based on this context this paper presents several new trends of deaf education in western countries in recent years:more and more researchers pay attention to how to improve the deaf children's academic achievement,the impact of cochlear implant on deaf children's development,and explorations in inclusive education according to the special needs of deaf children.


The Palladium Hotel Cala Llonga is located at the end of the road of Cala Llonga in a quiet and peaceful area next to the sea, 5 km from the leisure harbor of Santa Eulalia, 4 km from a golf course and 17 km from San Antonio. There are souvenir shops..


Abstract The Agulhas Current is much the strongest western boundary current in the Southern Hemisphere transporting about 65 Sv of warm water along the southeast coast of Africa. South of Africa, it retroflects back into the South Indian Ocean and flows east as the Agulhas Return Current. Large amounts of heat are lost to the atmosphere from the warm waters of the southern Agulhas Current, its retroflection, and the Return Current particularly during winter and the transition seasons. It is thought that this large exchange of heat may have a significant influence on the regional atmospheric circulation, the tracks and intensity of transient weather disturbances such as extratropical cyclones, and on rainfall received over large parts of neighboring southern Africa. In an attempt to investigate the potential influence of the Agulhas Current on the regional atmosphere, two ensembles of year-long integrations of an atmospheric general circulation model are analyzed. In the first ensemble, the sea surface tem...


This article examines the ways in which rural families prepare their children for lives off the farms. Data from two villages in Turkey are analyzed to illustrate strategies of household decision-making.


A 3-year study of evapotranspiration from aspen clearcuts 1 to 14 years of age indicated the following: (1) The annual evapotranspiration from 1to 5-year-old clearcuts ranges from 0 to 143 mm less than a mature forest on the same site. Evapotranspiration is highly dependent upon the amount of precipitation. (2) These effects can vanish in as few as 2 years with low precipitation (300 mm) or persist for 40 to 45 years with high precipitation (600 mm). These results were confirmed by data from the Spring Creek experimental watershed. Simulated water yield increase from the harvested catchment averaged 16 mm, compared with 16.3 mm estimated from the paired watershed data. In planning harvesting scenarios on flood-prone watersheds, full hydrologic recovery should be assumed to occur 45 years after harvest. Harvesting sequences designed using this approach should not cause a measurable increase in flooding levels or flood frequency.


The transition of dental ceramics and glass-ceramics (for fixed all-ceramics and metal-ceramics restorations and prostheses) from laboratory to clinic requires the materials to pass through a series of tests following the protocols and requirements discussed in the standard ISO 6872:2015. However, the literature reveals that the researchers in the dental ceramics community usually do not adhere to the ISO standard's specifications when measuring their materials' flexural strength, assuming that these deviations from the protocols exhibit minimal or no impact on the materials' strength. Therefore, the present study aims to fill that gap by elucidating the impact of the following experimental protocols – (i) polishing, (ii) edge chamfering and (iii) adhesive tape on the non-tensile side – on three-point flexural strength of lithium disilicate based glass-ceramics. The result reveals that polishing increases flexural strength and tends to introduce edge or corner flaws in the specimen. Though edge chamfering of specimens did not help remove the edge defects in our study, it leads to a tighter flaw distribution, increasing the reliability of the flexural strength results. The application of adhesive tape (on the compressive side) exhibits an insignificant impact on the glass-ceramic specimens' flexural strength. Accordingly, revisions have been suggested in the ISO 6872 standard. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


: The loss of insulin-producing β -cells is the central pathological event in type 1 and 2 diabetes, which has led to e ff orts to identify molecules to promote β -cell proliferation, protection, and imaging. However, the lack of β -cell speci fi city of these molecules jeopardizes their therapeutic potential. A general platform for selective release of small-molecule cargoes in β -cells over other islet cells ex vivo or other cell-types in an organismal context will be immensely valuable in advancing diabetes research and therapeutic development. Here, we leverage the unusually high Zn(II) concentration in β -cells to develop a Zn(II)-based prodrug system to selectively and tracelessly deliver bioactive small molecules and fl uorophores to β -cells. The Zn(II)-targeting mechanism enriches the inactive cargo in β -cells as compared to other pancreatic cells; importantly, Zn(II)-mediated hydrolysis triggers cargo activation. This prodrug system, with modular components that allow for fi ne-tuning selectivity, should enable the safer and more e ff ective targeting of β -cells.


ABSTRACT In this work, we prove the inequalities, and where is an operator concave function and A, B are complex matrices. First inequality is matrix version of the inequality for complex numbers and second extends the well known Rotfel'd inequality,


The utility model discloses a seal detection device for a valve. The seal detection device comprises a test piece installation seat, a seal press head and a transparent observation tube, wherein the seal press head is arranged by being corresponding to the test piece installation seat and by means of lifting; channels capable of being mutually conducted are formed in the seal press head and the test piece installation seat respectively; and the channel in the test piece installation seat is communicated with the observation tube. When the valve seal detection device disclosed by the utility model is used for detecting, water is placed in the observation tube, the valve is closed and then placed on the test piece installation seat, and the seal press head is lowered and pressed on the inlet end of the valve at first, and then a gas is input in the valve via the channel in the seal press head; if a leakage phenomenon exists in the valve, the gas enters in the observation tube via the channel in the seal press head, the valve, and the channel in the test piece installation seat; if water in the observation tube generates bubbles, then the seal performance of the valve is bad, and if water in the observation tube does not generate bubbles, then the seal performance of the valve is good. The valve seal detection device disclosed by the utility model is convenient and fast to detect, install and detach, simple to operate, good in universality, and intuitive in observation for a detection result.