OBJECTIVE
To present the case of an 18-year-old football player who chose conservative treatment for a superior peroneal retinaculum tear and to review alternatives.

BACKGROUND
Superior peroneal retinaculum tears are often mistaken for lateral ankle instability. These tears often do not heal readily by themselves and must be identified so that proper treatment can begin.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Superior peroneal retinaculum tear, peroneal subluxation, peroneal retinacular avulsion, snapping ankle.

TREATMENT
This athlete chose conservative treatment, which may have cost him 4 weeks and the chance to return to his senior season. Surgical treatment can reduce recovery time.

UNIQUENESS
This case history presents an athlete who was thought to have a grade II lateral ankle sprain. After weeks of rehabilitation, pain and effusion diminished, but the athlete was still unable to perform any functional activity without symptoms of pain and catching.

CONCLUSIONS
Making the correct clinical diagnosis and understanding the time frame involved in rehabilitative versus surgical treatment are necessary to return the athlete to play in a timely manner.


The invention discloses a display device and a manufacturing method of the display device. The display device comprises a frame, an organic light-emitting diode panel, a light-transmitting element and a glue material. The organic light-emitting diode panel is arranged in the frame. The light-transmitting element is arranged on the organic light-emitting diode panel. The glue material is arranged between the organic light-emitting diode panel and the light-transmitting element and between the organic light-emitting diode panel and the frame in a filling mode.


CARI-Sonali day-old chicks (437) were investigated to estimate genetic and non-genetic parameters of its grower and layer performance traits. Sex and hatch-differences were significant in the least squares means of chick weight, body weights at different ages, age at first egg and egg production. The regression effects of chick weight and housing weight were significant for body weights, age at first egg and egg weights. The chick weight and housing weight had negative phenotypic correlation (rP) with age at first egg and positive rP with other layer traits. Age at first egg had positive rP with egg weights and negative rP with egg production. This information might be useful for adopting suitable breeding strategy.


Abstract LaNi5 films were deposited on a nickel substrate using a La2Ni7 alloy target with a sputtering power, WS, of 50– 400 W at substrate temperature, TS, of 323–573 K by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering apparatus. The nickel content of the films decreased with increasing WS and increased with increasing TS. At low WS and low TS, amorphous films were deposited. In other conditions, the films were polycrystalline. The films deposited at high WS and low TS exhibited only a (hk · 0) peak in the X-ray diffraction profiles. This indicates that the c-axis of crystalline films was oriented parallel to the substrate plane. At high WS and high TS, the films with columnar structure were obtained. The hydrogen absorption capacity of the films increased with increasing WS. On the other hand, the equilibrium pressure of the films decreased with increasing WS. The films deposited at 400 W represented a pressure plateau on the pressure –composition isotherms.


Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from heterozygous deletion of 22q13.3 with the involvement of at least part of SHANK3 or a heterozygous pathogenic variant in SHANK3. We would like to explore the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic direction of PMS.Methods: We identified a child who harbored a de novo SHANK3 gene mutation and had a speech delay and mental retardation. This pathogenic mutation (c.3679dup, p.A1227Gfs*69) may lead to early termination of protein transcription and is speculated to cause changes in protein function. The gene expression profiles of family members were evaluated by RT-PCR, which showed that SHANK3 expression was significantly lower in the child than in the other family members. The sites of pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations in the SHANK3 gene reported by ClinVar were searched, and the mutation sites were summarized and marked. Results: The relevant literature was reviewed to understand the current state of research progress and possible future treatment directions. Researchers have found that CDPPB is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5. In addition, it is important to further study whether NMD is involved in the expression of SHANK3 and to further investigate PTCs.Conclusions: Genetic testing is essential for children with development delay. It's necessary to do further research about the therapeutic direction.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS (73) Assignee: University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (CA) Scazzocchio (Curr. Opin Microbiol 3:126-131, 2000).* Reyes et al. (Plant Physiol. 134: 1718-1732, 2004).* r Nishiietal. (Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(7): 1402-1409, 2000).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this U.S. Appl. No. 09/934,455, filed Jun. 26, 2003, Luc Adam et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S. Appl. No. 09/729,821, filed Jun. 6, 2002, Ajinomoto Co., Inc. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Bl, Yong-Meietal. Genetic analysis of Arabidopsis GATA transcrip tion factor gene family reveals a nitrate-inducible member important (21) Appl. No.: 11/331,199 for chlorophyll synthesis and glucose sensitivity, The Plant Journal, 2005, pp. 680-692, vol. 44. (22) Filed: Jan. 13, 2006 Reyes, J.C. et al., The GATA Family of Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis and Rice, Plant Physiology, Apr. 2004, pp. 1718-1732,


Team theory is the study of situations in which a set of cooperating agents, called a team, each with access to different data or information, attempt to optimize a common criterion, under rules which restrict communication between agents. Team theory is of interest in theoretical studies in economics, communication and control.

A very simple example of a team situation is the following. Each of the team's n agents attempts to ascertain whether or not a certain random event E of probability ½ has occurred. Agent i must base his decision solely on the observation of random variable Ui and the team's goal is to minimize pI" = n-1 Σpi, where pi is the probability that agent i makes an error. The main result of this paper is to show that when the variables U1,..., Un are independent, this alone places a positive lower bound on pI", no matter what the joint distribution of E and the data {Ui} may be.

For each n the exact lower bound is determined: it is $\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{2}-1$ for n = 2, ¼ for n = 3 and as n goes to infinity it is asymptotic to $$\frac{1}{2} \left1-\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi n}}\right$$


A 10-year retrospective review of pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis showed that 50 of 83 had 132 episodes of exit-site infection (ESI). Thirty-nine episodes were purulent. The most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis was also common, usually occurring in purulent infections. Gram negative organisms were responsible for 23 ESls, with Pseudomonas species being the most common. Age, sex, concomitant primary disease type, length of training, dressing techniques, quality of daily dialysis technique, use of diapers, and pyelostomies did not affect the incidence of ESI. However, 40% of children with a skin infection from other sites had associated peritoneal catheter ESI. Thirty-eight episodes of ESI in 28 patients resulted in peritonitis; the main organisms involved were Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species. Catheters were replaced in 13 patients with peritonitis, but there was no difference in the incidence of ESI before and after catheter replacement.


This paper discusses the challenges to the world trading system presented by the Brexit vote in the UK and the election of Trump in the U.S. It reviews two recent books and several papers that inform our understanding of these issues.


This paper presents an exploratory attempt to use high-resolution radar measurements for face identification in forensic applications. An imaging radar system developed by JPL was used to measure a human face at 670 GHz. Frontal views of the face were measured both with and without a ski mask at a range of 25 m. The realized spatial resolution was roughly 1 cm in all three dimensions. The surfaces of the ski mask and the face were detected by using the two dominating reflections from amplitude data. Various methods for visualization of these surfaces are presented. The possibility to use radar data to determine certain face distance measures between well-defined face landmarks, typically used for anthropometric statistics, was explored. The measures used here were face length, frontal breadth and interpupillary distance. In many cases the radar system seems to provide sufficient information to exclude an innocent subject from suspicion. For an accurate identification it is believed that a system must provide significantly more information.


Calling context profiling is an important technique for analysing the performance of object-oriented software with complex inter-procedural control flow. A common data structure is the Calling Context Tree (CCT), which stores dynamic metrics, such as CPU time, separately for each calling context. As CCTs may comprise millions of nodes, there is need for a condensed visualization that eases the location of performance bottlenecks. In this paper, we introduce Calling Context Ring Charts, a new compact visualization for CCTs, where callee methods are represented in ring segments surrounding the caller's ring segment. In order to reveal hot methods, their callers, and callees, the ring segments can be sized according to a chosen dynamic metric.


ABSTRACT In this study, a spatially separated eight-port box shaped multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (cDRA) is presented which supports quad-directional pattern diversity characteristics. Initially, a cDRA is radiated with the assistance of two different excitation mechanisms to generate decoupled orthogonal modes. This dual-port primary structure is combined with a similar primary structure in a box-shaped manner to yield an eight-port MIMO antenna system. The antenna elements (Dielectric Resonators) are located in such a way that each antenna element can able to excite in diverse directions to achieve spatially separated radiated beams. Two different isolation improvement mechanisms are applied within the structure (i) excitation of decoupled orthogonal modes; (ii) spatially decoupled radiation pattern. With these dual techniques, the presented MIMO antenna can able to deliver better than 20 dB of isolation between the antenna elements without using any extra decoupling structure.


A number of different approaches are available for assessing the effectiveness of medications and other medical interventions. Desirable qualities for a measure of effectiveness include: 1. usefulness for evaluating outcomes across different diseases and interventions, 2. a combination of the impact of treatment and disease on health-related quality of life and survival, and 3. good psychometric characteristics. Preference/utility measures meet most of these criteria, however, they are not without problems. The most important issues are that different preference scaling methods yield different scores; different scaling methods vary in cognitive complexity and subject understanding; and variance in preferences are introduced due to population and contextual factors. Preference/utility measures are less responsive than health status measures to small, clinically meaningful changes. Therefore, the quality-adjusted life years generated in health economic evaluations may not be comparable between studies. Comparability in quality-adjusted life years between studies depends on whether the same scaling methods are used and similar populations produce the preferences/utilities.


The influenle of stochastic dispersion variation on the black soliton propagation is investigated in monomode optical fibers.It shows that the stochastic dispersion variation connected with frequency affects the frequence and the position of the black soliton.


Multi-mode photoluminescence, including enolemission, keto-emission, and aggregate-related emission is achieved in a Zn-II coordination polymer from excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligands. Single-phase white light emission (WLE) and tunable emitting colors can be obtained by varying the suspending/grinding solvent system or temperature, which brings a brand-new model in developing multi-stimuli-responsive WLE materials.


To most non‐Scandinavians Danes and Swedes are very much alike. The same language, the same social and democratic political system, and more or less the same history and culture. But there are differences which may be not observable to outsiders, but certainly are to the people involved. It is not the same managing an organisation in Sweden and Denmark. Based on personality tests data, this article confirm the perceived difference between the two groups. Swedish managers appear more organised, structured, and systematic, as they seek consensus through social processes. The individual strives for power and authority is on the group's terms. The Danes are seen as more undisciplined and impulsive, with a tendency towards the anarchistic, because the individuals strive for power, authority and control more based on the individuals' own terms.


This new access to solve the problem of tympanoplasty attacks the diseased area of the middle ear opening it directly and completely. It offers the absolutely unhindered approach to the most dangerous area of pathology, mainly the "anterior point of danger." The retrotympanic spaces, if not affected, as in the majority of cases, may remain closed. But with the same approach, surgery may be enlarged all over the mastoid without touching the posterior wall of the external meatus. The procedure ends with complete reconstruction of the middle ear and the outer canal. Results in hearing are good. The method is in general use at the Department since 1970.


Thermodynamics of glassy states in a quasi-two-dimensional frustrated magnet Ba$_2$Sn$_2$ZnCr$_{7p}$Ga$_{10-7p}$O$_{22}$ where $p$ is the spin density are investigated experimentally. The system features a triangular network of bipyramids of spins with the quantum spin number $s = 3/2$. The DC magnetic susceptibility measurements on a series of samples with $0.44 \le p \le 0.98$ show a freezing transition with the transition temperature $T_\mathrm{f} \le 1.2$ K. $T_\mathrm{f}$ is found to decrease with decreasing $p$. The low-lying excitations in the glassy state of the system are examined via the temperature dependence of the magnetic heat capacity and are shown to consist of two components: the hydrodynamic Halperin-Saslow modes characteristic of a spin jam and the two-level systems of a spin glass. A continuous crossover between the two glassy states is observed via the varying weights of the two components as the spin density is varied. The $p$ dependence of the spin jam's zero-point entropy determined from the exotic perimeter-scaling behavior combined with the observed zero-point entropy of the samples provides the $p$ dependence of the spin glass's zero-point entropy. The obtained result shows that the correlations between orphan spins begin below $p \sim 0.8$, the limit that was also found using a neutron scattering technique in a previous report on the isostructural compound SrCr$_{9p}$Ga$_{12-9p}$O$_{19}$. The domain size of the spin-jam state estimated from the value of the zero-point entropy for the cleanest sample is approximately $4 \times 4$ bipyramids, about 2.5 times the measured spin correlation length.


Renewable energy such as the Biogas has recently been receiving attention. This may be connected to numerous advantages including energy security, and sustainability. However, several challenges including amount of gas produce, nature of substrate, high cost of production remains a problem. This research aimed at investigating biogas production from sugarcane bagasse, cow dung and co-digestion of the two substrates. In this research, sugarcane bagasse which is one of the most common wastes cellulosic materials was used as substrate to generate gas and to compare the rate of production with the most common substrate use (cow dung). Sample of sugarcane bagasse and cow dung ware obtain from Katsina metropolis. Samples were initially, processed (dried, and ground to powder) before preparing slurry in a specialize bioreactor that was constructed using a 900g tin. Three different sets of biogas were made including reactor containing co-digestion of bagasse with cow dung, cow dung alone and sugarcane bagasse alone. The gas generated was allowed only one passage via a tube and collected by downward delivery. The result shows that the digester containing co-digestion of sugarcane bagasse and cow dung has the highest cumulative biogas generation of 74.00 cm3, followed by the digester containing cow dung only which produces a total volume of 52.00 cm3, while  the digester containing sugarcane  bagasse only has  a  cumulative  biogas generation  of 39.00 cm3 with a pH range of 4.6 – 6.6. It was found that, agricultural wastes such as groundnut shell, rice straw maize cobs and sugarcane bagasse which naturally have been dumped carelessly as domestic waste especially when co-digested can provide an alternative substrate for efficient biogas production.


The invention discloses a Chinese herbal processing process identification method based on a sparse recognition algorithm and a time-of-flight mass spectrometry. According to the method, a time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology is adopted as a detection method and a sparse code compression sensing theory is adopted as a foundation to construct a recognition method, and a pattern recognition technology and a spectrogram analysis technology are combined so as to provide a method widely used for Chinese herbal processing product identification, wherein experiment results show that the method has characteristics of high detection efficiency, high detection sensitivity, and accurate and reliable detection result, and provides important significance for Chinese herbal processing product quality control and clinical medication safety assurance, and an application range is wide.


In the present paper we discuss a density functional approach for nonuniform ionic fluids, which takes into account the existence of ion pairs. The theory is based on a fundamental measure theory of hard-spheres, the theory of Gillespie et al., which leads to a more accurate description of the electrostatic part of the grand potential as well as on Wertheim's association theory. The results of model calculations indicate that the inclusion of the associative term in the grand potential leads to the structure of the double layer, which differs from the structure evaluated by neglecting the association. These differences are important at low temperatures only.


Background: The contamination of food products by Listeria monocytogenes as a pathogen bacterium, threatening public health and raised a global concern for a long time. Dairy and meat products and ready-to-eat foods are recognized as the most common carriers for L. monocytogenes. Methods: The related reports of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in dairy products in Middle East countries from 2009 to 2020 were screened through some of the international databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. While a random effect model was applied to estimate pooled or overall prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used. Results: Results showed severe heterogeneity (84.2%) in studies and estimated the overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes dairy food products from the Middle East region of 3.5% (CI: 2.2–5). The highest and lowest prevalence was associated with Jordan (17.6% CI: 9.8–26.9) and Iraq (1.6% CI: 0.3–3.7), respectively. Based on the type of product, the highest and lowest prevalence of L. monocytogenes was recognized for raw cow milk (5.8% CI: 2.7–9.7) and pasteurized cow milk (1.1% CI: 0–8), respectively. Conclusion: There is no justification for severe heterogeneity (I2) of subgroups as prevalence is heterogenic innately, but Jordan and row cow milk subgroups were found to have a considerable effect on overall pooled prevalence. Thus, they were the reason for prevalence changes.


Based on common understanding that violence is a sociocultural problem determined by the context the person is immersed in and the representation s/he has built of it, an approach to the representation of violence in children was carried out. The objective was to propose a solution to violence through active communication. In relation to this methodology, an intervention proposal has been made considering data from schoolchildren ranging 8 to 12 years old in a low-resource school. Then, a description of how violence takes place was made.


Objectives: Among very-elderly kidney disease patients progressing to end-stage renal disease, there is growing interest in conservative non-dialytic management approaches. However, among those who have initiated hemodialysis, little is known about the impact of withdrawal from dialysis on mortality, nor the patient characteristics associated with withdrawal from dialysis. Study Design: Historical cohort study. Setting and Participants: We examined 133,162 incident hemodialysis patients receiving care within a large national dialysis organization from 2007-2011. Measures: We identified patients who withdrew from dialysis, either as a listed cause of death or censor reason. Incidence-rates and sub-distribution hazard-ratios for withdrawal from dialysis as well as four other censoring reasons were examined across age groups. In addition, demographic and clinical characteristics associated with withdrawal from dialysis therapy among patients in the very elderly age range ( ⩾ 80 years old) was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Incident-rates of withdrawal from dialysis were markedly higher compared to other censoring reasons for each age group. Additionally, compared to the youngest age group, incidence of withdrawal from dialysis incrementally increased across older age groups. Among patients ≥80 years, factors associated with higher odds of dialysis withdrawal included non-Hispanic white ethnicity, having Medicare/Medicaid insurance, dementia, mid-west geographic region, and less favorable markers associated with malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome (MICS) such as high white blood cell counts and low body mass index, albumin, and normalized protein catabolic rate. Conclusion/Implications: Among incident hemodialysis patients, dialysis therapy withdrawal was associated with older age, non-Hispanic white race, dementia, mid-west region and less favorable MICS status. Further studies examining withdrawal from dialysis in elderly patients are needed. Previous shown a between race/ethnicity likelihood of from strata, , , 24 , 25 In our cohort,


Ordered mesoporous carbon was successfully prepared using siliceous MCM-48 as template, p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst, and furfuryl alcohol as carbon source. It was found that under vacuum infiltration condition, PTSA could be introduced deeply into the holes of MCM-48. The suitable volume of furfuryl alcohol was 2.5 fold of the pore volume of MCM-48. The product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. The characterization results indicated that mesoporous carbon exhibited ordered 3-D pore structure, with a mean pore size of 3.1 nm, a pore volume of 0.96 m3/g,and a specific surface of 1 513.6 m2/g. It was also found that thermal stability of mesoporous carbon could be enhanced through re-carbonization of the carbon.


We give large families of Shimura curves defined by congruence conditions, all of whose twists lack $p$-adic points for some $p$. For each such curve we give analytically large families of counterexamples to the Hasse principle via the descent (or equivalently \'etale Brauer-Manin) obstruction to rational points applied to \'etale coverings coming from the level structure. More precisely, we find infinitely many quadratic fields defined using congruence conditions such that a twist of a related Shimura curve by each of those fields violates the Hasse principle. As a minimal example, we find the twist of the genus 11 Shimura curve $X^{143}$ by $\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{-67})$ and its bi-elliptic involution to violate the Hasse principle.


The shortest integrated polarization converter realized by a fully optical lithography is reported. It uses a single waveguide with one slanted side and one vertical wall. An optical 5x reduction wafer stepper with high numerical aperture (≥ 0.48) is used for exposure at 365 nm wavelength. Specified resolution is 0.4μm and overlay-accuracy is ≤60 nm. Vertical side of the converter is realized by reactive ion etching and slanted side by wet chemical etching. The polarization converter length is 125 μm and conversion efficiency is higher than 95%, which is better than the best known polarization converters on InP/InGaAsP until now.


In this review, a historical perspective, functional and application trends of natural polymers used to the development of edible food packaging were presented and discussed. Polysaccharides and proteins, i.e., alginate; carrageenan; chitosan; starch; pea protein, were considered. These natural polymers are important materials obtained from renewable plant, algae and animal sources, as well as from agroindustrial residues. Historically, some of them have been widely used by ancient populations for food packaging until these were replaced by petroleum-based plastic materials after World War II. Nowadays, biobased materials for food packaging have attracted attention. Their use was boosted especially because of the environmental pollution caused by inappropriate disposal of plastic packaging. Biobased materials are welcome to the design of food packaging because they possess many advantages, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Depending on the formulation, certain biopolymer-based packaging may present good barrier properties, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities Thus, polysaccharides and proteins can be combined to form diverse composite films with improved mechanical and biological behaviors, making them suitable for packaging of different food products.


Objective:To measure the lingual surfaces of the teeth in Chinese young adults with normal occlusion,and to obtain the data for lingual straight wire(LSW) brackets for Chinese patients.Method:With the software of Shanghai Smartee Denti-technology CompanyTM,64 pairs of dental models with normal occlusion were scanned into digital models,then the confirmation of relevant points and the measurement of related parameters were performed.Result:The reference values of the lingual surfaces of the teeth in normal occlusion were obtained,including lingual crown angulation,lingual crown inclination,lingual crown facial prominence(CFP),and lingual offset angles of canines and molars.Conclusion: Those data may be applied to develop a standard form of LSW brackets.


This article aims to offer a valid hyphotesis about the exegesis of Persiles. This study gives an interpretative attempt renewal to the thinking of the time of Cervantes. In this sense, it proposes two objectives: the first, to stand out the importance of the subtitle, Historia septentrional, marginalized or eclipsed by the famous title Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda. The second objective become clear the existence of a deep structure which articulates, according to traditions and certain implicit myths, with the diegesis through the allegorical language.


Raman spectra have been recorded for as-consolidated nanophase TiO/sub 2/ samples with differing grain sizes and on samples annealed in air at a variety of temperatures up to 1273 K. The nanophase samples with the smallest grain size, about 12 nm average diameter, could have 15-30% of their atoms in grain boundaries; nevertheless, the strong Raman-active lines representative of the rutile structure were found to dominate all of the observed spectra, independent of grain size and annealing treatment. These lines were quite broad in the as-consolidated nanophase samples, equally in 12 nm and 100 nm grain-size compacts, but sharpened considerably upon annealing at elevated temperatures. The Raman data give no indication of grain-boundary structures in nanophase TiO/sub 2/ that are significantly different from those in conventional polycrystals. However, defect structures within the grains, which anneal out at elevated temperatures, are evidenced by changes in the Raman spectra. 15 refs., 2 figs.


The three dimensional finite element mode of cement concrete pavement was built with ANSYS finite element software,the cement concrete pavement temperature stress under temperature cycle effect was calculated,the different factors influences rule on cement concrete pavement under temperature cycle was analyzed,which lay a basis for pavement structure analysis.


One task of the social scientist is to take the obvious, the common...sense world and expose its foundations, the rationale, which makes up its sense. What could be more obvious than our desire to protect ourselves from the dangerous, whether an event, or a person? John Pratt takes dangerousness and shows that it is more than a characteristic which can be attributed to particular individuals. It is instead, and despite all the difficulties which have faced those who want to predict its incidence, an object of government. As such it has a history a shifting set of conditions which mean that dangerousness has been the object of changing policy and practice. This is a comparative study principally of common law jurisdictions, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Its sources are the legislation governing the dangerous, the law reports which have been used to great effect in tracing changing practice and ideas, and the very exten... sive criminological literature, usefully gathered in the lengthy bibliography. The complexity of the topic is suggested by the time period the best part of two centuries, during which Pratt argues there has been a succession of changes in the governability of dangerousness. There is nothing obvious at all in the history of dangerousness and Pratt's account must constantly grapple with paradoxes. Chief among them is the contem.. porary contradiction traced in the concluding chapters. While neo... liberalism has loosened the grip of the state on many areas of social life (as the state has retreated from the kinds of welfarism and social defence which marked much of the previous century), we have simultaneously witnessed the re ...birth of laws which deliver some individuals into preventive detention. The rediscovery of dangerousness has helped to 'relegitimate' the prison, argues Pratt, giving new reason to maintain an institu.. tion whose sense was being eroded by earlier critiques of its outmoded status. But there have been other and earlier paradoxes. A striking one is the extraor.. dinary gap between the potential of the laws governing dangerousness, from the late nineteenth century on, and the minimal use of them in most jurisdictions. Part of the explanation in some jurisdictions is the resistance of the judiciary Pratt uses the case reports to show the reluctance of the judiciary over most of the last century to embrace the use of preventive detention as a sentencing option. To understand the contestability of the concept Pratt traces its successive manifestations in the changing penal environment from the 1830s on. He locates the birth of the concept in the nineteenth century's increasing problematisation of the 'habitual criminal', primarily an offender against property, and a type whose threat was the substrate left over from the earlier fear of the 'dangerous classes',


During a taxonomic revision of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) from Ceará state, Brazil, we found that nomenclatural acts were required according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). After analyzing protologues and original material, we have designated three lectotypes for names within Ayapana, Barrosoa, and Dissothrix. Details and discussions are presented for each species.


The integration of religious sites and landscapes has a long history in China.But the protection and utilization of religious tourist attractions is still at the primary stage.The development and renewal of religious cultural tourism has important social value and implication in harmonious society.Through the case study of constructive detailed planning for Tiantong Wulongtan National Park,we hope to explore a new approach to religious cultural tourism.This approach is mainly,through the display of religious and cultural charm,to find new tourism features,and to promote harmonious development of Religious Tourism and Culture.


Abstract : A battery-operated portable combination ratemeter-dosimeter was developed which will measure gamma radiation rate from 0-1000 r/hr in three linear decade ranges. Simultaneously, the integrated dose may be read from a digital display whose range is 0-999.9 r. The least count on the digital register is 0.1 r. The rate may be read with an accuracy of less than !10 percent between -40 and +50 C. The integrated dose from Co60 isotope may be read to 0.1 r or !10 percent, whichever is greater, from -40 to +50 C. Battery life, using two C size nickel-cadmium rechargeable cells is in excess of 40 hr per charge. Package weight, including battery, is less than 3 lb, and size is 4 by 4 by 7 in. (Author)


The utility model discloses a warp beam cage capable of being baked. The warp beam cage comprises a shaft bracket, shaft bodies and an air leakage device. The shaft bodies are arranged on the shaft bracket through first connection portions. The air leakage device comprises cover plates, second connection portions and multiple air leakage openings. The shaft bodies are arranged on the cover plates through the second connection portions, and the air leakage openings are channels which enable the inner side and the outer side of the shaft body to be communicated with each other. By means of the warp beam cage capable of being baked, a new baking device does not need to be bought again, baking of beamed yarn or textile can be achieved, and the warp beam cage capable of being baked can be conveniently applied to industrial application.


Abstract. Recent years have seen a lot of research on modern steels with higher yield strengths. The study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of two different welding techniques - gas metal arc (GMA) and laser beam (LB). The result of this study showed a significant softening effect in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) for both welding techniques, the GMA and LB, resulting from formation of a coarse-grained microstructure during welding. The findings of this study increased understanding and added to the body of knowledge in the rapidly growing field of GMA and LB welding processes of HSLA steels.


1. H+/K+‐ATPases are members of the P‐type ATPase multigene family. The prototypical H+/K+‐ATPase is the protein that acidifies gastric luminal contents. The physiological and pharmacological significance of this pump has led to a detailed investigation of its biochemistry and molecular and cell biology.


Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou Paper : Structural Optimisation as a means for exploring design alternatives. Abstract: In architectural design the utilisation of optimisation methods alongside the designers own process of decision-making can be advantageous in many cases. Generative tools based on optimisation algorithms can become a meaningful source of design inspiration, offering variations which stem from compliance to specified performance parameters. Optimisationbased generation and transformation of form can therefore lead to an efficient design through an explorative design process. It is common in architecture that non-quantifiable aspects of a design are important and therefore need to be maintained through any optimisation process. In other words, forms produced by designers need not always be optimal performancewise; on the other hand, they include unquantifiable traits irrelevant of any performance factor that still need to be maintained. Given the potential of optimisation-based generative and transformative methods, this study will focus on the development of an optimisation environment suitable for the architectural design process, that relies on simple mathematical principles and can produce design variations rapidly, conforming to design traits. The tool that has been developed operates on arbitrary surfaces supplied by the user in the form of a polygonal mesh and produces an enriched egg-crate or dual-surface (sandwich) representation of the structure considering parameters of structural efficiency such as stiffness. The output of the process can be exported for further processing. Case studies as well as evaluations of the tool's efficiency by commercial Finite Element Analysis software will be presented. Topic: Architecture


Politeness strategies refer to communication strategies used by people in interactionor communication to show their good manners and usually consider the faces of theinteracting parties. It is one of the ways a person interacts with others by attending topoliteness strategies to create the efficient, non-antagonistic, and mutually cooperativeexchange of idea, feelings, and usually consider to the faces of the interacting parties. Thereare four types of politeness strategies, they are bald on record, positive politeness, negativepoliteness and off the record.But for this resrearch writer only focuses on negativepoliteness strategies in the movie series of The Lord of The Rings movie.Negative politeness is expression from the speakers to the hearers with minimizingof imposition.Negative politeness is addresser's recognizes and respects the hearer'snegative face wants and will not (or only minimally) interfere with the hearer's freedom ofaction. The speakers can benefit by using the negative politeness,(1), the speakers show therespect and deference to the hearer in return for FTA , (2) avoid incurring a future debt, (3)to maintain social distance, (4) and avoid the threat of advancing familiarity towards thehearer. There are ten strategies of negative politeness according to Brown and Levinson(1987). They are be conventionally indirect, question hedge, be pessimistic, minimizeimposition, give deference, apologize, impersonalize things (Speaker and Hearer), state theFTA as general rule, go on record incurring a debt, and nominalizationIn this research, the writers applied Brown and Levinson's theory (1987) to analyzenegative politeness strategies that is used by the characters in the movie. Negativepoliteness strategies are used to redressing hearer's negative face and emphasize preventionof imposition on the hearer.In other word, negative politeness is addresser's respecttowards the addressee giving him/her freedom to action.The method used in this study is qualitative method.A qualitative method isresearch strategy that indicates the relationship between theory and research a usuallyemphasizes on how theories were generated by using word not numeric (Sudaryanto1993;MilesHplease,sir,andmr. Based on the findings above, the writer found three of negative politeness strategiesthat are often used by characters in the movie, they are; give deference strategy, apologizestrategy, and go on record strategy with different form hedges to maximize the negativepoliteness strategies. There are three form of hedges used to show the negative politenessstrategies, they are; word, phrase, and sentence. The writer also found the hedges thatfunction to maximize the utterances by actors in the movie.The hedges can be seen fromthe conversation which is used by actors in the movie which relate with the context. Theactors used difference hedges to show the negative politeness strategies. In addition, thewriters get the result of category of hedges in the movie series of The Lord of The Ringsmovie.In conclusion, movie is one of media that have many topics that can be analyzed,one of them is negative politeness. Politeness strategy depends on the context influenced insocial interaction. The hearer must know the context to understand what the speaker'sintention. Context is related with situation and condition where the dialogue happened. Inthe movie, there are several context influence the characters in having dialogues.Finally, this research can be used as an inspiration to do the further research aboutpoliteness strategy in interpersonal communication.Keyword: politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, context


Radiation practices among the 4 Carbide Plants at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky, were evaluated, and uniform standards and criteria for handling U, Th, Np, and Pu were developed. Values for the permissible limits of internal and external radiation exposure published in the most current NCRP handbooks and FRC publications were adopted as the basic standards for all 4 plants. On the basis of these standards, the maximum permissible concentrations of U, Th, Np, and Pu in air and action limits for the presence of the 4 isotopes in urine were also established. Also, consideration was given to whether clothing should be furnished by the company for health protection purposes and whether surface contamination standards should be established (P.C.H.)


The paper designs the driving circuit of electromagnetic valve controlled by C8051F040 singlechip,including hardware configuration and software program.The circuit could make the electromagnetic valve open and close fleetly.Using Visual Basic designs the user-computer interaction interface which communicates with F040.This interface realizes the purpose of person and F040 transmitting date,synchronously it can show the voltage' s change of the electromagnetic valve' s center during oil spraying of electromagnetic valve.


3D and dynamic models of wheat and pea were used to study light partitioning in virtual wheat-pea mixtures. Our results showed that architectural parameters defined at plant scale ( e.g. branches, internode length) significantly affect the interception of light by each component species. The modifications performed on the architectural parameters of both models led to asymmetric variations of light partitioning.


The preliminary purification of SOD from goose blood was carried out using acetone precipitation,followed by Sephadex G-100 further purification and SDS PAGE was used to detect the enzyme purity and molecular weight.The results showed that Sephadex G-100 played a good purification role for SOD from goose blood.The enzyme activity of SOD purification increased from 1144.896U/mg to 4226.513U/mg.SDS PAGE gel electrophoresis showed a single band,indicating the isolated SOD reached the electrophoretic purity,and its subunit molecular weight was about 16KD.And the antioxidant activity of the purified SOD to pyrogallic acid performed obviously.


To improve design performance,the design sensitivity analysis (DSA) for the important structures is necessary. The energy variational formulation of structural vibration systems is introduced and the design sensitivity equation is developed using the adjoint variable. The basic DSA theorems are applied to a raft isolating vibration system used in the shipbuilding engineering. To characterize the changes of the raft thickness, displacement design sensitivity is performed and discussed. First the original and the adjoint structural response are computed by current finite element analysis (FEA) software such as ANSYS, then the global design sensitivity results are obtained by post processing FEA codes with numerical integration. The numerical results show that compared with the central finite difference method, this variational method yields accurate analysis results, and explicit relations for design sensitivity are derived in terms of physical quantities, rather than in terms of sums of derivatives of mass, stiffness and damping matrices.


Epizootic study of Metarhizium anisopliae against Larvae Tritip in greenhouse.                            The objective of this experiment to know the effectiveness of the mechanism of transmission of the fungi M. anisopliae  by larvae tritip in greenhouse. The research was conducted in Greenhouse Crops Research Institute for Tropical Fruit Tongkoh-Berastagi. The research used non-factorial completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, which were: control(without infected by M. anisopliae), 5 larvae are infected by (5g, 10g,15g, 20g)/100ml M. anisopliae are transmitted to 5 healthy  larvae. The results showed that the concentration addition  of each suspension fungi M. anisopliae  increased the mortality of larvae infected directly by immersion, mortality is transmitted. The concentration addition of the suspension  fungi M. anisopliae increased transmission between larvae infected directly  immersion method to healthy larvae and can also reduce the intensity of the attacks tritip larvae. The highest percentage of larvae mortality infected directly immersion method was 52,5%. The highest percentage of transmitted larvae  mortality was 32,5% . The highest percentage of entirely larvae mortality was 95% . The highest percentage of larvae  was growed by fungi was 92,5%. The  highest percentage of damage was 59.25%. Key words : Epizootic, biological control, Plutella xylostella L, Metarhizium anisopliae .


The 21 st century globalisation strongly influences the world as a result of highly improved technology and communications which made it possible for everyone involved to have equal access to a global market and information exchange via English. As a result, electronic communication has become part of the present-day multinational professionals of all fields who work daily in front of their digital monitors. At times, these professionals may receive Nigerian 419 scam e-mails in which fraudsters target victims to make  advance  payments for financial gains that do not materialise. In these e-mails, situations in which persuasion techniques are intertwined are well crafted. As a result, the victim who is susceptible to the offer is more likely to respond and be lured into losing money eventually. The present study, consequently, analysed a corpus of 50 Nigerian 419 scam e-mails through a textual analysis to examine language aspects in terms of persuasion strategies fraudsters used as a compelling force to achieve their communicative purposes of lures and deceits. The study has revealed two major types of deceptive techniques which are used in combination, namely framing-rhetoric triggers, disguised as the traditional genre of electronic communications and human weakness-exploiting triggers, intended as incitement of recipients' emotions. Finally, the paper includes not only pedagogical suggestions for business English teachers when implementing classroom activities, but also warnings for either pre-experienced or experienced business professionals in relation to interpreting the unknown e-mails' messages they receive with great caution.


While the autonomic nervous system is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of variant angina, the relationship between disturbed autonomic activity and ischemic episodes in patients with variant angina has not been determined.


Ginsenosides and polysaccharides were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae) by treating at low (60°C, LT), mild (100°C, MT), and high (120°C, HT) temperatures, and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection, and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. The molecular weights of polysaccharides decreased as the processing temperature increased. Ginseng polysaccharides inhibited the HP infection into KATO III cells, but did not inhibit growth of HP and VacA vacuolation of HeLa cells. HT polysaccharides showed the most potent inhibition with IC 50 value of 6.8 mg/ml. Ginseng saponins did not inhibit the infection of HP into KATO cells. However, 20(s)-protopanaxadiol showed the most potent inhibition of HP growth and vacuolation of HeLa by VacA toxin with IC 50 values of 0.05 and 0.067 mg/ml, respectively.


The aim of the research is studying the word-building categories in the Sirkh dialect of the Dargin language, and its importance for determining the Dargin structural-typological model.Methods: retrospective analysis, evaluation and qualitative study of nominal word formations, comparative historical method, the study of the conceptual structure of phrases, structural and semantic analysis of nominal word combinations, empirical research.Conclusions. The Sirkh dialect nouns have their own characteristics and denote the concepts of specific objects, abstract concepts that are thought of independently. On the basis of the analyzed material one can develop the Dargin pupils' philological skills and abilities, interested in having a command of their native language


The purpose of this study is to examine Seonggyungwan's Heunghakchaek after the middle of Yeongjo's reign. Seonggyungwan's Heunghakchaek in the middle of Yeongjo's reign was intended to have Gyeonghwajaje stay together and reinforce the ground of Tangpyeong Policy. To induce Gyeonghwajaje stay in there together, they performed Wonjeomgwa and Dogigangje. But after the Eulhaeoksa, Yeongjo began to take tyrannical policy for control. He valued Ganggyeong as a mean to control Confucian scholars as Gunsa. In Yeongjo's 36th year, he institutionalized Wolsamgang in Seonggyungwan, and after that, under the pretext of encouraging Seonggyungwan Confucian scholars to study as Gunsa, he conducted Yusaengsodae. It was his reaction to Sarim out of power as well as Hyangjeon residing in rural area refusing Tangpyeong which Yeongjo emphasized after initiating chinjeong in his 38th year. Yeongjo attempted to use Seonggyungwan as a way to have them cope with conflicts between factions and strata arising from social fluctuations during late Chosun as Gunsa.


Disparities that exist for racial and ethnic minority groups in healthcare status and access are compounded in the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent improvements in the diagnosis and care of persons with AD need to be paralleled in minority communities with early recognition and timely evaluation. Innovative information technologies can help reduce health disparities. A qualitative study was conducted with 48 participants: to understand how cultural values influence responses to signs of memory loss and to critique a CD-ROM memory loss educational program for the purpose of tailoring it to better meet the needs and preferences of African American and Chinese American users. Traditions of close family relationships, respect for elderly and the commitment to care, central to both groups, provided the basis for the frequently parallel recommendations for a revised program. Principles of adult education and web-based program design proved essential in developing a culturally relevant program.


Production and Injection rate target optimization plays an important role in waterflooded field management in order to ensure hydrocarbon recovery. In line with ADNOC Digital transformation and waterflood excellence initiatives CRM and Optimization technology has been progressed to maximize opportunities in oil recovery increase. The optimization means that producing well delivers a maximum amount of oil with minimal water production along with maintaining proper Voidage Replacement Ratio (VRR) to support reservoir pressure. To reach such goal, the optimization procedure needs to run multiple rate scenarios to calculate the objective function value. The conventional way is to perform multiple runs on simulation model, which can be very time-consuming. The data driven approach described in this paper suggests faster and convenient methodology to solve this problem.
 The process applied to this approach consists of data preparation/ data cleansing stage, CRM (Capacitance Resistance Model) and optimization procedure based on the objective function with a penalty to imbalanced VRR at the pattern level. The CRM algorithm can calculate fraction of injection distributed from each injecting well to connected producing wells at any timestep. These calculated injection allocation factors are considered in the rate optimization procedure in order to define optimal injection and production rates along with balancing of VRR at the pattern level. The method also considers 3-phase flow across wells and reservoir intervals. The objective function calculates overall profit from oil production, costs for water and gas handling, and the penalty for the production injection difference at the producing well level. At the end, the output of this optimization process is to recommend production and injection rates targets for each well and short term forecast of the production based on fractional flow model.
 The data driven approach shows quite good efficiency in terms of time and efforts, the injection allocation factors based on CRM model are comparatively same as it is calculated in streamline simulation model but with better granularity at the pattern level. The optimization procedure works quite fast, and the results have shown decrease of water production rate and increase of recovery factor due to maintaining VRR close to the target level.
 The data driven approach described in the paper implements a new way to apply CRM in fields with waterflooding and gas injection with the enhancement of managing 3-phase flow. The in-house developed optimization function and its implementation is a novel approach in terms of practical application to the fields in Abu Dhabi area.


An unusual biota of reef-building organisms occurs in biohermal limestones of Virgilian age in the Sacramento Mountains. Some are organisms not known before from this area, and the reef-building potentialities of others have not previously been recognized. Tubular unchambered Foraminifera (Paleonubecularia and Calcitornella) together with algae (Girvanella and others) form extensive (several square feet) flat to hummocky "pavements" and large "heads." A distinctive tabular siliceous (?) sponge (Stereodictyon Finks, 1960) occurs as fragments of three-dimensional reticulate meshwork up to 18 inches long and 1½ inches thick. Stromatoporoids have been considered to be rare in Pennsylvanian rocks, perhaps only because the Pennsylvanian reef facies is not well known: one genus (Parallelopora) occurs here as large hemispherical colonies and as encrusting masses and fragments. Branching stems and tabular to domal crusts composed of cellular tissue and cone-shaped radiating tubes are tentatively referred to a Russian genus of hydractinoid ( aleoaplysina Krotov; Riabinin, 1955). In addition to several varieties of stromatolitic algae and algal plates, there are finger-like masses made by a filamentous alga (Girvanella), nodular algal masses (Ortonella), and a branching encrusting alga (Tubiphytes Maslov, 1956). Dark-colored fibrous radiate calcite resembling the problematic Stromatactis of lower Paleozoic reefs occurs in tabular encrusting masses with smooth bottom surfaces and botryoidal upper surfaces. These limestones were described by Plumley and Graves (1953) as a "cryptozoon stromatolitic reef." Wray (1959) and Konishi and Wray (1961) ascribed these biohermal buildups to the sediment trapping and binding effect of an erect-growing leaf-like calcareous alga (Eugonophyllum) similar to Ivanovia and Anchicodium. Neither the stromatolitic algae nor the leaf-like algal plates appear to be capable of constructing these bioherms by themselves. More effective reef-builders are present: frame-builders (tubular foram "heads," stromatoporoid, and Stromatactis); sediment-catchers (tabular sponge); detritus-binders (hydractinoid, Tubiphytes); and sediment-binders (tubular foram and algal "pavements"). These and the small but significant amounts of reef-debris deposits indicate that these were true reefs growing above wave base. End_of_Article - Last_Page 274------------


Efficient doubling of femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked Yb:KYW laser in periodically poled and aperiodically poled KTP is reported. Second-harmonic conversion efficiencies of up to 58% have been achieved and 354-fs pulses generated at 522 nm.


Abstract : Teflon fabrics were bonded to various elastomers to impart low surface frictional characteristics to the laminates. Bond strengths of between 20 and 48 lbs. per inch width were obtained between the fabric and elastomer. The fabric surface has a dry coefficient of friction comparable to that of neoprene rubber covered with sheet Teflon or lubricated with silicone oil. (Author)


During the validation and test phases of a Payload Data Ground Segment development for an Earth Observation satellite mission, the need often arises to perform long-standing test scenarios, feeding the ground segment with simulated telemetry for one or more weeks, in order to replicate as closely as possible the mission's operational scenario. Performing such tests using the actual Acquisition Station could be very demanding in term of human resources involved. Furthermore, a large amount of simulated data must be prepared in advance, a task not always feasible due to the complexity of satellite and payload simulators and the huge computing resources required for such a task. To circumvent those limitations, a novel approach has been proposed for the ADM-Aeolus Payload Data Ground Segment validation phase, which involves the development and use of an Acquisition Station Simulator tool, able to simulate the data link between the Satellite and the Acquisition Station, and the dissemination of automatically generated simulated telemetry data to the processing facilities and other users in a fully configurable way.


'Golek' show is a typical Sundanese art that had been built for generations by the convention (golek as a puppet made from wood that can moved). Convention as the reference in the performance golek set to 'standar' or 'tetekon'. Standard be 'rules' or 'code' in the making and golek play. Previously, the golek show was held in open spaces and performed at night until early morning. Nowdays, staged golek becomes shorter only take place within 2-3 hours. Since the television media increasingly showing its existence; and as well as the emergence of other entertainment stage such as 'dangdut', pop music, 'Malay orchestra', or 'solo organ'.In such condition, there was emergence of Golek Stage by Asep Sunarya. He creates breakthoughs by designing many tricks in his wayang-golek show: character smoking, dancing 'jaipongan', doing material arts pencak silat, or spewing noodle. Asep's wayang golek-performance can regain the attention of the people (mosly Sundanese). On the top of that, Asep style becoming new inspiration for other dalang. The evolving of Asep's golek show, then attracted television industry. At this point, the show becoming more entertaintment than before. In television, golek show perform new encoding, like advertizing code, interaactive broadcasting code, and digital visual effect code.The aim of this study is to reveal the convertion of traditional-golek visual code to modern-television visual-code. The methodologies used are structural visual code, and also ethnometodologi approach. Ethnometodologi method used observation's in-depth interview, and unstructural interview upon selective omnicient informants.


Traditional diagnosis in TCM implements syndrome differentiation based on visual observation and experience of doctor where diagnosis accuracy is impacted due to restriction in preference and experience accumulation of doctor and current environmental factors and lack of objective indexes, difficult for repeated demonstration. Therefore, objective and digital four-diagnosis and regular differentiation are urgently required in development of TCM.


Abstract : This report describes an efficient numerical scheme developed for investigating secondary flows, and outlines the design of an experimental set-up for obtaining detail in channel three dimensional secondary flow measurements. The analysis applies to inviscid internal rotational flow fields and leads to a very efficient numerical scheme for predicting the secondary flow phenomena. The analysis is applied to the rotational flow in a 90 deg bend with rectangular cross-section and then compared with the experimental data. It is concluded from the comparison that the physics of the secondary flow problem are well represented in the analysis. The analysis can be adapted with some modifications to variable area ducts, and turbomachinery passages. (Author)


Spline is a nonparametric regression model that become the center of attention in statistical modeling. Spline has several advantages, including flexible, have good statistical interpretation, according to data over that have no particular pattern, and very useful for modeling data that have changed pattern in sub-sub-intervals. The pattern of data between age and weight of infants in Surabaya (Indonesia) tends to change at a certain age. At less than 4 months of age, infants' weight rise very quickly. At the age of 4 months to 14 months their weight remained increased but not as fast as less than 4 months of age. Whereas in more than 14 months of age infants' weight rise slowly. Infants' weight growth in Surabaya has unequal variance. The more rise of age of infants, the heavier weight of infants is obtained. Based on such of this pattern, weighted spline model is designed to model the relationships between infants' weight and the age of infants in the city of Surabaya. Weighted spline model obtained is very suitable and has a coefficient determination of 99.56%. Index Term-Nonparametric Regression, Weighted Spline, Infants, Surabaya, Indonesia.


As medical records and research data are increasingly stored electronically, data standards permitting the integration and analysis of such information have become necessary. Progress is being made in developing and disseminating a common data format.


Spatially resolved excitation temperatures and electron densities in the direct-current plasma (DCP) have been measured as a function of the amount of water introduced to the plasma. Both the excitation temperature and the electron density increase with the quantity of water introduced. The increase in these parameters is large for very low water introduction rates, but slows as the amount of water introduced is increased. A plateau is reached where the amount of water introduced no longer affects the electron concentration or excitation temperature. This plateau is reached at a water introduction rate significantly less than that normally used for routine analytical work.


Superior <italic>Jc</italic>-<italic>B</italic>-<italic>T</italic> characteristics of 10-μm-thick MgB2 films on copper plates were obtained. The <italic>Jc</italic>-<italic>B</italic>-<italic>T</italic> properties were measured at a temperature range from 5 to 20 K and at an external magnetic field range from 0 to 17 T. At <italic>B </italic> = 6 T, <italic>Jc</italic> were 54 200, 30 840, 9900, and 820 A/mm2 at <italic>T</italic> = 5, 10, 15, and 20 K, respectively. The high <italic>Jc</italic> suggest that MgB 2 film is a promising candidate for next-generation superconducting tape conductors and coils.


In accordance with related rules of 《Archives Law》,the disposal of electronic archives should be managed by archives department in centralized way.There are many similarities and differences between electronic archives and traditional archives.It is of great significance to hold the characteristics of electronic archives management and make clear its differences from the traditional archives management.


By analyzing the information technology application in library,this paper puts forward the aim of change management,a new business process,management mechanism.and some basic principles for selecting digital management system.


A mechanical impact test has been used to improve the production reliability of plugin circuit packages for a Bell System electronic switching system. Mechanically unstable components which could cause intermittent electrical failures in system operation are located by monitoring the electrical output of the package during the test.


The rectangularization of human survival curves is not a myth but a reality although it appears to have slowed down or in some cases to have reversed itself in recent decades. Based on the empirical measures proposed here rectangularization is seen to be closely related to the compression of mortality (as measured by the distribution of ages at death in the life table). Data for 3 countries demonstrate that rectangularization or compression is characteristic of the long-term trend in human mortality during the past century or more. Preliminary theoretical models demonstrate that this rectangularization may have been due primarily to increasing probabilities of survival to adulthood and to decreasing risks of background mortality in adulthood. On the other hand the contribution of a decline in senescent mortality appears to be negligible. Unlike humans higher e0 appears to be associated with less rectangularity in the survival curves of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) although this finding may be due to genetic variability between the lines of flies examined rather than to an intrinsic difference in the mortality patterns for the two species. (authors)


The double diffusive convection near a permeable horizontal cylinder of elliptic cross section with uniform wall temperature and concentration in a fluid-saturated porous medium are numerically studied. A coordinate transformation is employed to transform the governing equations into nondimensional nonsimilar boundary layer equations. The obtained boundary layer equations are then solved by the cubic spline collocation method. The influence of the transpiration parameter and the eccentricity on the heat and mass transfer characteristics near a permeable horizontal cylinder of elliptic cross section in a fluid-saturated porous medium is examined as the major axis of the elliptic cylinder is vertical (slender orientation) and horizontal (blunt orientation). Increasing the transpiration parameter tends to decrease the boundary layer thickness and thus enhances the heat and mass transfer rates between the fluid and the wall. Moreover, the heat and mass transfer rates of the cylinder with slender orientation are higher than those of the cylinder with blunt orientation.


In this paper, we investigate the issues of QoS multicast routing in ad hoc wireless networks. Due to limited bandwidth of a wireless node, a QoS multicast call could often be blocked if there does not exist a single multicast tree that has the requested bandwidth, even though there is enough bandwidth in the system to support the call. In this paper we propose a multicast routing scheme by using multiple paths or multiple trees to meet the bandwidth requirement of a call. Three multicast routing strategies are studied, SPT (shortest path tree) based multiple-paths (SPTM), least cost tree based multiple-paths (LCTM) and multiple least cost trees (MLCT). The final routing tree(s) can meet the user's QoS requirements such that the delay from the source node to the furthest destination node shall not exceed the bound and the aggregate bandwidth of the paths or trees shall meet the bandwidth requirement of the call. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance. The simulation results show that the new scheme has three major advantages: 1) it greatly reduces the system blockings; 2) multicast routing is in a fully distributed fashion; 3) the proposed routing protocol follows the format of existing on-demand multicast routing protocols for ad hoc networks, which makes it easy to be incorporated into the existing on-demand routing protocols


An efficient encoding algorithm (or encryption algorithm) is essential for mobile devices since their resources such as computation power and battery capacity are very limited. This study is to propose an efficient encoding scheme for protecting mobile music. In the proposed scheme, server distributes each music file in a shuffled form or an encrypted one, then only authorized consumers can play the music after un-shuffling or decrypting it. We show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme by implementing and evaluating the prototype system on WIPI emulator. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve much better performance than the standard encryption algorithm of OMA DRM.


We proposed a gradient phononic crystal-Helmholtz cavity structure for simultaneous noise and vibration reduction. By simplifying the structure into a typical Helmholtz cavity and a phononic crystal, we derived the resonance frequency of this structure. Next, we use COMSOL software to calculate the transmission loss and transmissibility. Results of our analysis confirmed that the structure can successfully simultaneous reduce noise and vibration within 2500 Hz, and the range of the reduction frequency is close to 500 Hz. We also show different structures to realize the adjustability of the band gap and improve the practical of noise and vibration reduction. Graphical abstract This is the simulation diagram of phononic crystal-Helmholtz cavities. From the perspective of multiple physical fields, vibration reduction belongs to solid mechanics fields, while noise reduction belongs to pressure acoustics fields. In our paper, we both studied these two fields, the results show that this structure can simultaneous reduce noise and vibration within 2500 Hz, and the range of the reduction frequency is close to 500 Hz. In addition, the relationship between reduction frequency and the change of gradient is further studied. Results show that the frequency of the bandgap decreases with the number of unit cell increased. The center frequency of the bandgap decreases from 2000 to 1400 Hz, and it becomes stable at about 1400 Hz eventually.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mediating effect of supply chain agility (SCA) in the relationship between absorptive capacity (AC) and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use data from 231 Spanish firms and test the hypothesis by structural equation modelling.

Findings

SCA mediates the relationship between AC and firm performance.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional survey and the use of managerial perceptions may need to use longitudinal and real measures in future studies to validate causal relationships.

Practical implications

SCA may contribute to explain why AC improves firm performance. Firms with more agile supply chains may benefit more from their efforts in AC to improve firm performance.

Originality/value

A conceptual framework has been developed to explain the relationships of the main constructs of the study (AC and SCA) with firm performance and whether SCA mediates the relationship between AC and firm performance.


FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS, FLORida State University in Tallahassee has been gunning for a world-class reputation. It established the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; lured high-powered faculty,...


Statistical process control (SPC) charts are useful in monitoring a process. However, the typical Shewhart control charts are insensitive in detecting small process shifts. This would require more samples to detect the process disturbances. Consequently, the search for the root causes of the disturbances may need more time, and the process improvement may take longer. One useful solution for this difficulty is to identify the change point of the process in real time. Once this identification is correctly made, the root causes of the disturbances would be easily determined. This study is motivated to integrate SPC charts and neural networks to quickly identify the change point of the process. The concept of the integration mechanism is discussed, and the fruitful results are also demonstrated.


The Mon Tasiek dialect of Acehnese (Indonesia) was analysed by Lawler 1977 as having a passive in which the verb agrees with the initial, or underlying, subject. His argument was that the preverbal NP in Acehnese has the expected properties of a surface subject, but that verb agreement was controlled by the underlying subject-which, in 'passive' clauses, is not the preverbal NP. This analysis was based on limited and unrepresentative data. In the light of more extensive data, Lawler's claim that the preverbal NP in Acehnese acts as a final subject does not hold. The most obvious-and, for syntactic theory, the least problematic conclusion-is that the so-called 'underlying' subject is in fact a surface grammatical relation; Acehnese has no passive, and its verbal agreement is a surface phenomenon.*


Technology principle,characteristics,technical structure,performance requirements of outer-wall external thermal insulation based on rock wool board with steel network are introduced,the construction process and application in the future of this technology was analyzed.Outer-wall external thermal insulation based on rock wool board has good fire performance,the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall is 0.35 to 0.50 W/(m2 ·K),and the insulation effect is good.Fixing the rock wool board in the steel network can address the fall of the rock wool board.The tensile strength,integrity and durability of the system are good,and the service life can be up to 25 years.During the engineering practice in future,special attention should be paid to the market supply of rock wool board,tile gap cracking,rock wool board water absorption problems and the impact of rock wool processing and construction on the people.


A novel nature inspired algorithm ant lion optimizer (ALO) is recently developed which is motivated from the hunting mechanism of ant lions .Inherit steps of hunting prey such as the random walk of ants, building traps, entrapment of ants in traps, catching preys, and re-building are simulated to find the optimal solution of real life problems . Intelligent and Optimization techniques based on evolutionary computing, metaheuristic,biological base,nature inspired, search method establish their applications in the area of electrical economic power dispatch planning(EEPDP) to reach global optimal solution for this multi scale, multi-decision, multi-objective combinatorial problem subjected to different constraints.An application of ALO to solve non linear electric economic power dispatch problem(EEPDP) is proposed in this paper. Efficient and optimal planning of economic electrical power dispatch problem is an integral part of economic electrical energy generation planning and it is the need of time for the electrical engineers to browse this area in multi-scale planning scenarios.. The performance of s ant lion optimizer (ALO) to solve electrical economic power dispatch problem is tested on three and six unit system.Test results are compared with other techniques grey wolf optimization(GWO),cuckoo search(CS),artificial bee colony(ABC),firefly algorithm(FA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),shuffled frog leap (SFL) ,bacteria foraging algorithm(BFO),harmony search(HS) applied in literature. Simulation results proved that the ALO technique is better as compared to other nature inspired,heuristic,metaheuristic techniques to find global minima and maintain the solution quality in terms of low fuel cost.


This study investigated how online interaction supports reflective practice in preservice teachers through a mailing list. Three groups of preservice teachers in the fourth year of a teacher training program (N=34) were studied using a mixed methods approach: individual and group interviews and an online questionnaire. Results indicate that online interaction plays a secondary supportive role for reflective practice in preservice teachers. However, preservice teachers who got involved in online interaction showed evidence of several functions of reflective thinking and overall reflection on quality. Online interaction also appears to exercise the equally beneficial social and psychoemotional functions. It therefore plays a secondary but positive role in supporting reflective practice in preservice teachers.


A 5-10% reduction of body mass by caloric restriction (CR) has been effective in normalizing SBP in hypertensive patients. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibitors lowered SBP in spontaneous hypertensive rats and are considered a therapeutic alternative to patients with T2DM concomitant with hypertension. However, these potential benefits have not been fully addressed in a model of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by multiple factors. Lean LETO and obese, insulin resistant OLETF rats from 2 independent studies were divided in the following groups (n=7): 1) ad lib LETO, 2) ad lib OLETF, 3) LETO 50% CR (10 d at 15 wks of age), 4) OLETF 50% CR, 5) LETO 30% CR (14 d at 12 wks of age), 6) OLETF 30% CR, 7) OLETF SGLT2i (Luseoglifozin 10 mg/kg/day x 4 wks at 10 wks of age), and 8) OLETF SGLT2i + 30% CR. SBP was measured weekly by tail-cuff plethysmography.SBP increased 19% (23 mmHg,
 P
 =0.002) consistently in OLETF compared to LETO (124 mmHg), but neither the CR-induced reduction in body mass nor the supplementation of SGLT2i modified the strain-associated increase in SBP (Fig. 1). Mean body mass in OLETF decreased by 18% with 50% CR (409 to 334 g) but decreased only 7% (34 g) with 30% CR and 8% (38 g) with SGLT2i and CR (454 g control). Serum Na
 +
 remained unaltered by 50% CR. Urinary Na+ excretion also was unchanged in 30% CR. While the CR treatments induced profound changes in body mass (and adiposity, not shown), they were not sufficient to alter Na+ balance and SBP. Furthermore, the addition of SGLT2i did not reduce SBP suggesting that in the OLETF model of metabolic syndrome factors beyond adiposity and impaired glucose regulation contribute to the maintenance of elevated arterial pressure.


Abstract JENSEN et al. (1958) presented evidence of an unidentified factor in yellow corn and in certain other feedstuffs necessary for maximum egg weight. A level of 70% corn or 3% crude corn oil in the diet increased egg weight. Further studies by Shutze et al. (1958) showed that when corn oil was oxidized, the factor was inactivated or destroyed, and that the factor was in the saponifiable fraction and stable to heat. Another series of experiments has been undertaken to determine the influence on egg weight of linoleic acid, methyl linoleate and natural oils which are generally high in linoleic acid. PROCEDURE Three experiments were conducted with Single Comb White Leghorn pullets maintained in individual cages. The treatments were randomly assigned to groups of six birds. Egg weight change was determined by calculating the difference between the average egg weight at the end of a 4–8 week depletion period…


A new species of the snakefly genus Inocellia Schneider, 1843 from Taiwan is described: Inocellia rara sp. nov. It represents the third species in the family Inocelliidae and the first record of the Inocellia fulvostigmata species group from Taiwan.


OneAnd one. Always. This is how it starts. Then somewhere the hand comes into it. As she feels carefully for the shape of her own body, considering its substance, And the eyes. Some hand has made what the eyes see, rest upon, remember.This is a story about a man and a woman. It begins with the woman, alone in a room. The room is dark and empty. She stands at the window, silent, immobile. She pretends not to hear him come in.She doesn't look but she knows he is tall and beautiful. He is more beautiful than she is but she is beautiful too. She breathes automatically, without moving. The TV's off. The phone's not ringing. The city is dark. Everywhere there are sleeping people who want desperately to be free. "Hello," he says, "What's new?" And she turns at last to look at him and answers, "Nothing. What's ever new with me?"They eat. They argue. Sex is almost impossible and yet.Their sex is an apology for the words they use to wound each other. They want to find a way to say I still love you, as if it mattered, as if there was, after all, some more to anticipate, to lose touch with. Delight. He kisses her forehead, her breast. She holds his cock. His finger up her ass. Made by hand. It seems the gestures are contrived to ensure the sex: she is a woman; he is a man.Afterwards, there is a mirror. The lights are on again. When they stand at the window, as if to see something, they see themselves, each other, the surfaces of objects which also reflect light. Everyone outside wakes up. They look across the street and they can see in, see the man and the woman seeing themselves as if they can't tell yet that anyone else can see them. They are concerned with each other and with themselves and with the mirror which is careless, could not care less about them. It is full of things that appear as a function of physics, made up without reference to the man or the woman, memory or will, nature, culture, imperialism. Chairs, fruit, records, the woman's dresses, the man's books, looks of concern, restlessness. Though nothing is hollow either. Except the dresses. Furniture in particular is full of stuff. Inside the fruit there is sweet pulp, perhaps insects. They apologise. He's sorry. She's sorry too.They know, it's not their fault. It's enormous. It's bigger than they are. He might even say this: It's not you, it's something else. And it is.She knows it. What to describe? From where she stands to look out the window there is a lot to see of it. Death. Torture. Anger. Impotence. And so on. Everyday life. Sports. News. Mealtimes. No matter which way she turns she sees it rest in the perfection of surfaces.Sometimes, when she feels bad about it, she stands at the window watching. The view barely hides the city that is actually there, ready to split. There is nothing to see yet. Cars, houses, nature, the blockade keeping them quiet keeping an eye out for other cars, houses, nature, having really nothing to do with it. Oh no, says the TV. Keep watching. Keep working, he says She does not.There, at the edge of the window, she can see, look back at it. Going on as if she's not there, but she knows better. She decides. She's not going out anymore. She's not talking. She has nothing to say.TwoThe couple. They are a man and a woman. But they are not the same as everyone else. She wants him to know this: that there are ways to be otherwise, not all too human, that they might find and destroy the automatic moments of touch and response, of one and one that so locate them. She dreams she is sucking a cock, not his, but someone else's. A boy who is shy and laughing, while the sperm flows from him warm and sweet like blood.She wants to be alone. Sometimes she is breaking. And sometimes she is raw with wanting. She is bent upon the other like a bow.So far, the story goes like this: There are two characters, a man and a woman. No one else has come into it. Though the mirror comes into it at the beginning. …


There was the simple introduction: "This is the girl from New Orleans I told you about, Tom." It seemed a passing thing--an evening spent--another-and then I almost forgot it. He was struggling to the top of his vision, my life concerned with art not quite so high. Then--was it weeks--months later--Time and its way--that he must have remembered? Scraps of paper--sometimes initialed--more often not--began appearing under my door--my door and his hotel not many steps apart. When there was no response to his ring, "Why don't you ever stay home?" "This is the third time I've come." "The beer is getting warm." "I'll be back in twenty minutes." Twenty minutes! Twenty minutes from when? Nothing to tell what time, what minute, or even hour! Did I know him well? A little? Perhaps just a little, but he passed my way. There were light things, serious things, with no thought beyond a careless, unplanned evening, street noises drowned in the louder noise of a neighbor's radio, a flower man with a wagon gay with his wares--"auer!"--"auer!"--easier called than "flowers"-- "Let's have a flower. I'll go out and buy one." A red geranium in a pot--"Do you like the color? It doesn't seem right in here--it should be--" He ran back into the street, shouting after the wagon, gone so long I thought he wasn't coming back--then, waving a pink one twice as big as the other, he dashed in, roaring with laughter--the flower man--a character beyond imagination, speaking Brooklynese with an Italian accent--and his life's story--the wife who didn't love him, the twelve-year-old son with intentions to become a bank robber, a daughter who ran away with the circus, and the twins--the twins--and he was sure one of them wasn't his because it looked just like the postman. It was almost dark when we finished with that, an undecided-looking [lizard] (7) creeping along skimpy vines we made bets--a nickel--on which way the lizard would go. Light things--serious things--"was Lao-Tze really an old man complete with flowing beard when he was born--let's go to Peter's Back Yard--was it ever proven that Homer was the first European poet and do you know why the Iliad and the Odyssey were divided into twenty-four books and is the Iliad more dramatic than the Odyssey and who says so and how many translations have you read (one, said I) and what about those sandwi[c]hes I put in the ice box and let's take a ride in a carriage through the park and there's no greater living writer than William Faulkner." Many things. Many times. And once there was this in the garden: "One time I wrote a poem and you must tell me if you've ever heard it. It goes like this: 'The great drums of the world may beat, And the trumpets of earth may blare, But, beneath the thunder of the feet, Silent, I shall not care Or stir, unless you come, my sweet, With lilac or rose in your hair And twice in pain, and thrice again, The earth may be cloven through, And my [statue] may get down and walk From its place in the avenue. I shall not know. I shall not care! But I shall know if you Should stir the grasses over me With feathery, airy tread, Should pass with the rustle of scented silk Above my earthy bed; And one of my bones would stand erect, To show you I am not dead.'" (8) The ailanthus tree moved its leaves in the silence. "Have you ever heard it? Do you like it?" "I have never heard it. It's beautiful, but I don't like it." "If you think it's beautiful, why don't you like it?" Almost angrily the words came out. "Why don't you like it?" "Because it means you are dead." His tall figure bent over: "You're sweet. You're sweet like a child." Then he went away and for a long time I did not see him again. Our worlds divided--his into greatness, mine into the lesser places. …


This bachelor thesis focuses on economic crises, especially the Great Depression and the mortgage crisis. The theoretical part discusses the possible causes and consequences of economic crises. Also the course of the Great Depression and the mortgage crisis is discussed. The practical part sees into a comparison of the course of the Great Depression and the mortgage crisis, their causes and consequences.


Lymphatic research has rapidly accelerated and evolved over the last few decades with more clinicians and basic scientists appreciating the huge impact of this vasculature.1 The lymphatic system, with its network of vessels and interconnected nodes, returns interstitial fluid to the blood circulation and is central in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, immune surveillance, and uptake of dietary lipids.2,3 The development of cuttingedge genetic models and imaging tools to manipulate and visualize lymphatic vessels, coupled with bioengineering approaches applied to the fundamental physiology of lymphatic vessel function, has significantly impacted our current understanding of the critical roles played by lymphatics both during development and in pathophysiological conditions across a plethora of disease states. This Special Topic Issue showcases a collection of primary research and review articles that highlight the diverse roles of lymphatics in disease pathogenesis that could potentially be leveraged to develop novel targeted approaches for therapeutic interventions. The primary research articles in the issue take various approaches to manipulate or target lymphatic vessel growth and function in disease. For example, the study by Michalaki et al.4 describes the therapeutic potential of engineered human mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), as an autologous cellbased therapeutic treatment, for alleviation of lymphatic dysfunction associated with secondary injury mediated lymphedema. The study by Mahamud et al.5 shows that transcription factor GATA2 promotes blood/lymph separation through platelets and that while lymphovenous valves are the only known sites of interaction between blood and lymphatic vessels, more unidentified sites of interaction possibly exist between blood and lymphatic vessels. Steinskog et al.6 used a rat model mimicking acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with cannulation of efferent lymphatic vessels from the spleen and liver and subsequent proteomic profiling. Their findings revealed a differential response in AMLcell infiltrated spleen and liver, indicating that interstitial fluid and efferent lymph can provide unique information about the specific microenvironment responses that are variable in target organs during AML progression. In the work by Jo et al.,7 the effects of five different components which comprise Goreisan, a traditional herbal formulation (used as a therapeutic in Japan to alleviate lymphedema symptoms), were investigated for their effects on mesenteric lymphatic pumping in rats. They showed that that acute exposure of two components of Goreisan decreased lymphatic pumping in isolated rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics while oral administration of Goreisan induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), in these lymphatic vessels. Jablon et al.8 describe the development of an innovative technique for routine isolation, culture and characterization of primary lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from specific collecting vessels of mice, rats, and monkeys that maintain the endothelial functional phenotype. The study by Si et al.9 describes the effects of one of the most abundant venom components in the North American viper venom, crotamine, and reports that crotamine alters physiological behavior of LECs and lymphatic transport function. This work thus identifies how lymphatics are a major contributor to the pathology of snakebite both in the context of venom distribution and the resultant massive edema. The three review articles in this issue focus on innovative modeling and bioengineering approaches to study lymphatic function and pathology. The article by Suarez et al.10 focuses on describing and comparing lymphangiogenic outcomes and metrics between various in vitro and in vivo studies, with special emphasis on studies where both validation methods are used and identify pathological conditions where robust correlation is obtained. The review by Kraus and Lee11 provides a collective view of the evidence of the role of lymphatics in rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology, and also enumerates existing attempts to replicate the synovium or lymphatics in vitro and how these elements may be synergistically applied. In a comprehensive review by Selahi and Jain,12 a broad range of ex vivo and in vitro engineered models are highlighted and compared, based on the major lymphatic function they model such as contractile function, inflammation, drainage and immune regulation, lymphangiogenesis, and tumorlymphatic interactions. The authors also provide a detailed overview on existing microfluidic devices and in vitro platforms that are used to study different facets of lymphatic functional crosstalk with the surrounding stromal cells, tumor cells, or immune cells in a specific tissue microenvironment. Collectively, the articles in this Special Topic Issue, cover a very broad range of research emphasizing potential future approaches aimed towards manipulating lymphatic vessels to lessen or ameliorate disease pathogenesis. This work represents the promising trajectory and growth of lymphatic research and underscores the fact that the lymphatics have finally garnered the attention that such an important part of the circulatory system deserves, given its involvement in critical physiological functions. We are indebted to all the authors for their contributions and efforts in highlighting this rapidly evolving frontier of microcirculation research.


A study of Europe during the Dark Ages, centering on the late ancient and early medieval Mediterranean world. The author binds together the distant past and the immediate present, tracing the roots of Western distinctiveness to Asia Minor during the fourth century.


Delivering instruction at a distance over television presents many of the challenges one encounters in a traditional classroom, as well as some that may be unique to the medium. This article describes some considerations for designing instruction for interactive television and discusses strategies for teaching using it. The development of a course for distant learners begins with a systematic approach to designing instruction that consists of four phases: design, develop, evaluate and revise. Instructional activities are sequenced within each lesson to benefit the distant student. A successful televised lesson capitalizes on the use of visuals to maintain interest and to illustrate key concepts and relationships. An effective lesson also uses appropriate interactive techniques to actively involve students in the learning process.


A few previous studies have suggested that physicians are overly optimistic in predicting survival (see JW Aug 15 1999, p. 127, accession number


Hydroacoustic surveys were conducted in eight fjord-lakes of Québec-Labrador in order to analyse their Late-Quaternary geomorphological and stratigraphic record of glaciation, paleoseismicity and postglacial environmental changes. This large morphostratigraphic dataset provided a unique opportunity to establish a conceptual model of the evolution for fjord-lakes in relation to deglaciation, glacio-isostatic rebound, sediment fluxes and paleoseismicity. The analysis of the morphology and distribution of many morainic deposits into the fjord-lakes (hummocky moraines, morainic sills and morainic complexes) allows relating their formation to the glacial erosion potential, as well as to climatic and topographic controls. During past glaciations, a topographic sill was left uneroded at the opening of valleys due to the decrease in the glacial erosion potential associated with the lateral extension of the glacier down-ice; this bedrock sill created in turn an anchoring point to the ice during deglaciation. Hummocky moraines were documented at the outlet of five fjord-lakes that are located within the deepest and narrowest valleys of the studied systems. Based on our analysis of these sublacustrine landform-sediment assemblages, fjord-lakes constitute distinct sedimentary systems that should be differentiated from typical fjord system (i.e., in marine waters). The large-scale landforms contained in the fjord-lakes of Québec-Labrador (i.e., esker, moraines, gullies, lateral banks, turbidity channels and circular cavities) are inherited from their past subglacial, glaciomarine and paraglacial conditions, while only small deltaic bedforms (i.e., sediment waves and crescent-shaped bedforms) were formed in postglacial times. The present-day hydrological regime of fjord-lakes of Québec-Labrador is considered river-driven, except for the lakes located near active seismic zones where widespread postglacial mass-movements are documented.


In supporting the maritime economy as the backbone of Indonesian economy, shipping and marine transportation companies should increase their performances. This research aims to analyze efficiency-profitability mapping of Indonesian shipping and marine transportation companies using efficiency-profitability matrix. This research uses Return on Assets (ROA) as profitability proxy and Data Envelopment Analysis for the measurement of efficiency (overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency). The results of this research show that not all of the technically efficient shipping and marine transportation companies are scale efficient. This research also finds that not all of the companies that have high profitability are also having high efficiency. Some companies are efficient but still make less profit because they are in the dog quadrant. Some companies are included in the Sleeper quadrant and should improve their management. However, most of the companies are included in the Star quadrant, means that most of the companies have high efficiency and profitability. The results of this research show that it's important for to the shipping and marine transportation companies to increase their efficiency in order to have higher profitability. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s5p230


Abstract : Basic research in the field of hydrology, meteorology and oceanography is conducted in the Soviet Union by a combined hydrological and meteorological service under the direct control of the Council of Ministers. In this way, the needs of the various economic sectors can be equally served. The general organizational scheme is represented in Diagram 1. A characteristic feature of this organization is the confining of scientific research to a separate hierarchically organized group represented by a number of specialized institutes. Until recently the hydrological service also owned establishments for the production of measuring equipment and other auxiliary units (for example, a printing house). Recently, within the framework of general reorganization of the Soviet Union's national economy, these production units were transferred to operate directly under the regional management of the National Economic Councils, still working, however for the hydrological service.