Mathematical modeling of jointless track circuits is proposed in this article for the purpose of determining the broken rail sensitivity in both the physical track length and the joint area. The article also determines the critical ballast resistances and points which correspond to the worst broken rail sensitivity. Based on the proposed mathematical model and equations, a study of the influence of a number of parameters on jointless track circuits were carried out and the results were analyzed.


With the increasing growth of the Internet, the explosion of attacks and viruses significantly affects the network security. Network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is developed to identify these network attacks by a set of rules. However, searching for multiple patterns is a computationally expensive task in NIDS. Traditional software-based solutions can not meet the high bandwidth demanded in current high-speed networks. In the past, the pre-filtering designed for NIDS is an effective technique that can reduce the processing overhead significantly. A FNP- like TCAM searching engine (FTSE) is an example that uses an 2-stage architecture to detect whether an incoming string contains patterns. In this paper, we propose two techniques to improve the performance of FTSE that utilizes ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) as pre-filter to achieve gigabit performance. The first technique performs the w-byte suffix pattern match instead of using w-byte prefix. The second technique finds the matching results from all groups rather than first group. We finally present the simulation result using Snort pattern set and DEFCON packet traces.


Combining with people's requirements on audio frequency power amplifier,starting from the composition of audio frequency power amplifier,it specifically introduces the working principle,accessories selection,and circuit setting of preamplifiers and power amplifier,which has guiding significance for the development of low-frequency power amplifier.


Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of agreement between continuous cardiac output estimated by uncalibrated pulse-power analysis (PulseCOLiR) and intermittent (ICO) and continuous cardiac output (CCO) obtained using a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital intensive care unit. Participants: Twenty patients after liver transplantation. Intervention: Pulmonary artery catheters were placed in all patients, and ICO and CCO were determined using thermodilution. PulseCOLiR measurements were made using a LiDCOrapid (LiDCO Ltd, Cambridge, UK). Measurements and Main Results: ICO data were determined after intensive care unit admission and every 8 hours until the 48th postoperative hour. CCO and PulseCOLiR measurements were recorded simultaneously at these same time intervals as well as hourly. For the 8-hour data set (140


This chapter illustrates the differences between conceptions of royal authority in the Symbol of Normandy and Historia Anglicana . It argues that Thomas Walsingham?s choice to present the Symbol of Normandy as a royalist history was made with his own monastery?s material and ideological concerns in mind, and that the positive view of authority that resulted is consistent with Henry V?s own propaganda. It also discusses the significance of a shift in the conveyed conception of royal authority, in so far as Walsingham's histories relate to the more modern idea of Lancastrian 'constitutionalism'. The Symbol of Normandy avoids justifying popular opposition to royal subsidies unless the primacy of the royal will can be emphasized through the account. Keywords:constitutionalism; Historia Anglicana ; royal authority; Symbol of Normandy ; Thomas Walsingham


Abstract. Quantifying the role of soils in nature-based solutions requires accurate estimates of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Technological advances
allow us to measure multiple GHGs simultaneously, and now it is possible to provide complete GHG budgets from soils (i.e., CO2, CH4,
and N2O fluxes). We propose that there is a conflict between the convenience of simultaneously measuring multiple soil GHG fluxes at fixed
time intervals (e.g., once or twice per month) and the intrinsic temporal variability in and patterns of different GHG fluxes. Information derived from
fixed time intervals – commonly done during manual field campaigns – had limitations to reproducing statistical properties, temporal dependence,
annual budgets, and associated uncertainty when compared with information derived from continuous measurements (i.e., automated hourly measurements)
for all soil GHG fluxes. We present a novel approach (i.e., temporal univariate Latin hypercube sampling) that can be applied to provide insights
and optimize monitoring efforts of GHG fluxes across time. We suggest that multiple GHG fluxes should not be simultaneously measured at a few fixed
time intervals (mainly when measurements are limited to once per month), but an optimized sampling approach can be used to reduce bias and
uncertainty. These results have implications for assessing GHG fluxes from soils and consequently reduce uncertainty in the role of soils in
nature-based solutions.


Reconstruction of three-dimensional images from serial cross-sections is described using structural techniques. Regions derived from seg mentation of cross-sections are linked or grown by application of similarity measures based on geometric properties of image regions. Data structures required for reconstruction and display include the region adjacency graph and region boundary partition.


This chapter focuses on the design of compact planar multiband antennas intended for exist‐ ing wireless services including LTE, GPS, GSM, PCS, DCS, GPS, UMTS, WLAN and Wi‐ MAX bands. The present techniques available in the open literature include the modification of the main radiator via bending, folding, meandering and wrapping. Each approach offers different advantages, depending on the required application. The constraint for the lower band generation is the main challenge in radiator miniaturization. The quarter wavelength radiator that is subjected to miniaturization may suffer from limited bandwidth and low ra‐ diation efficiency. An alternative approach which relies on modifications to the ground plane is a promising technique, which often has been previously overlooked by antenna de‐ signers. The introduction of a ground slot in a finite antenna ground plane can be further extended to include reconfigurable features. Thus, such antennas that are compact and have multiband capability can be promising candidates for many wireless applications.


Assuming a 'hard Brexit,' the article seeks to analyse the impact of the UK's decision to leave the European Union on corporate law in the UK and at EU level, focusing on general trajectories, cross-border corporate mobility and cross-border restructuring.


We calculate the low temperature asymptotics of a function that generates the temperature dependence of all static correlation functions of the isotropic Heisenberg chain.


The asymptotic method of solution of singularly perturbed differential equations have been applied for solving three-dimensional dynamic problems of forced vibrations of orthotropic cylindrical and toroidal shells. The obtained generalized asymptotic solution is illustrated on solutions of particular problems.


some cases whole laboratories, are funded directly by industry, while individual professors have massive stakes in new technology corporations. Gone is the ideal of free research, for even if a laboratory's work is not formally dictated by its sponsor, it is effectively so. Gone too is the ideal of the free dissemination of research results. In some cases university research is now formally commercially classified, and even where it is not so the commercial stakeholdings of the participants provide a strong incentive to treat it as if it were. As Kenney shows, the universities have sought to safeguard their consciences if not their principles, but the pressures to follow the commercial route have been intense and the path, when once entered upon, a slippery one. Kenney's book provides us both with an informative maiden history of the U.S. biotechnology industry to date and with a detailed and thought-provoking chronicle of its impact on university-industry relations. As history it is flawed by a neglect of the strong social, political and economic forces that have been independently driving universities along the route of commercial sponsorship, and by a general lack of critical analysis. The phenomenon is, one suspects, more subtle and complex than has been portrayed, and the new forms of sponsorship are not without their earlier parallels. But as an outline history of a new industry and a chronicle of what have certainly been significant changes in the ideology of educational establishment, it is a compelling and thought-provoking work which deserves of very wide attention.


Just Terms Compensation in Australia is predicated on the principles of placing the dispossessed party in the same or similar position prior to the acquisition of their land. This compensation is based on various statutes and rulings by the courts which have evolved over several decades and have guided the assessment of value and quantum of compensation in the acquisition process. This paper examines the principles that govern the assessment of value and compensation and identifies gaps in the parity of compensation that impact on some parties in the compulsory acquisition process. Compensation quantum and principles that impact on value and the way value is determined have been examined and the methods used are discussed. A survey of dispossessed property owners in New South Wales has been reviewed in measuring the success of the legislation and process in that State. The paper concludes with an analysis of court directives which contribute to the resolution of points of difference in the assessment of value which. These directives are designed to assist the court in expediting compulsory acquisition matters that come before it.


Approaches to the synthesis of Vinoa alkaloids dl-E-homovincanol (I)and dl-E-epihomovincanol(XII) are described. An improved preparation of tryptamine from ethyl malonate and aniline is also reported.Condensation of tryptamine (V) with 5-chloro-2-ethyl-valeric acid methyl ester, followed by Bischer-Napieralski reaction in the presence of POCl3, and Mioheal reaction, gave △4,21-homovincanol-4-ium perohlorate (XI), which was reduced with Zn/HOAc to (I), or with NaBH4 to (XII).


Microglanis leptostriatus n. sp. is described from the middle-upper rio Sao Francisco basin. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: light transverse stripe, located in occipital region between the opercular openings, thin and sinuous; pale region below dorsal and adipose fins mottled with brown spots; and a dark stripe in the axis of gill filaments in alcohol preserved specimens. Microglanis leptostriatus is further distinguished from M. parahybae and M. garavelloi, the closest species geographically, by having the following combination of characters: longer head length [28.3–32.1% of SL (mean = 30.0) versus 25.5–28.5% (mean = 27.2) and 25.2–30.2 (mean = 28.0), respectively], shorter dorsal spine length [11.7–14.9% of SL (mean = 13.6) versus 14.1–18.1% (mean = 16.0) and 11.3–19.0 (mean = 15.5)], shorter pectoral spine length [12.5–19.7% of SL (mean = 17.4) versus 19.4–22.7% (mean = 20.6) and 18.5–26.2 (mean = 22.1)].


Our purpose is to account for the positive changes in individuals who participate in a Gestalt-oriented group. A theoretical model is suggested that attempts to integrate the therapeutic interactions that take place in a Gestalt group with certain internal changes that occur within these individuals. This proposed conceptual model is based on seven general assumptions about the dynamics of individuals interacting in a group. It is field/systems based and suggests six therapeutic vehicles present in a Gestalt-oriented group that make possible specified changes of the internal structures in individuals. Clinical examples are provided to illustrate the model's applications.


Abstract— A backlight unit (BLU) that varies the viewing angle from the top to the bottom surface of a transmissive LCD screen has been developed through the design and fabrication of microstructures on a light‐guide plate (LGP). An array of taper prisms has been designed and fabricated on the back surface of the LGP, which resulted in the variation of 29° in the angular distribution of the luminance of the backlight from the top sector to the bottom sector of its surface. This characteristic is employed to modulate the viewing angle of the LCD from the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen for special applications.


List of figures. List of tables. Preface. Introduction. 1. Retailing: economy and society 2. Marketing and retailing 3. British retailing 4. The geography of supply and demand 5. Shops, shopping centres and the built environment 6. The modern consumer 7. Information and retailing 8. Green retailing. Conclusions. References. Index


This paper studies a wireless network consisting of multiple transmitter-receiver pairs where interference is treated as noise. Previously, the throughput region of such networks was characterized for either one time slot or an infinite time horizon. We aim to fill the gap by investigating the throughput region for transmissions over a finite time horizon. Unlike the infinite-horizon throughput region, which is simply the convex hull of the throughput region of one time slot, the finite-horizon throughput region is generally non-convex. Instead of directly characterizing all achievable rate-tuples in the finite-horizon throughput region, we propose a metric termed the rate margin, which not only determines whether any given rate-tuple is within the throughput region (i.e., achievable or unachievable), but also tells the amount of scaling that can be done to the given achievable (unachievable) rate-tuple such that the resulting rate-tuple is still within (brought back into) the throughput region. Furthermore, we derive an efficient algorithm to find the rate-achieving policy for any given rate-tuple in the finite-horizon throughput region.


Stroke telemedicine, or "telestroke", refers to the diagnosis and treatment of patients using telecommunications technology. Acute stroke care is timecritical and regional hospitals typically do not have ready access to specialist stroke expertise. Stroke reperfusion therapies (thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy) are timedependent (with an increased proportion of poor outcomes associated with delayed therapy delivery1), resourceintense, and potentially hazardous.


The goal of the results section in an empirical paper is to report the results of the data analysis used to test a hypothesis. The results section should be in condensed format and lacking interpretation. Avoid discussing why or how the experiment was performed or alluding to whether your results are good or bad, expected or unexpected, interesting or uninteresting. This document is specifically about how to report statistical results. Refer to our handout, Writing an APA Style Empirical Paper, for details on writing a results section (http://depts.washington.edu/psywc/handouts/pdf/APApaper.pdf)


Proteus syndrome is one of the very rare syndromes with occurrence of cerebriform connective tissue nevus. The aim of the present manuscript was to present a case of Proteus syndrome in an unusual facial location, which to the best of our knowledge, is being reported for the first time. The unusual occurrence further strengthens the mosaical basis of its etiopathogenesis.


D2D( Device- to- Device) communication is an important component of 5 thgeneration(5G)mobile network. D2D devices could directly implement data transmission without any reliance on the base- station,and have the potential to increase the system capacity through reuse of the cell frequnecy resource. In order to encourage cellular users to participate in D2 D communication,network operators need new pricing strategies of D2D communication. This paper firstly describes the basic concepts of D2D and its four main types,then proposes a earning model for D2D devices and operators in terms of DR- OC D2D communication pricing. And simulation is also conducted to investigate the effects of spectrum unit-price and awarded bandwidth on the revenue for devices and operators. Simulations indicate that the operators could balance the revenue for devices and operators by adjusting awarded bandwidth and thus attract more users to participate in D2D communication.


: [Propose/significance] Strategic high technology is an important driving force for national economic and social development. It also embodies the ability of national science and technology innovation. Identifying trends of strategic high technology will provide important references for developing emerging industries of strategic importance, which is vital to foster the growth of a new momentum, speed up the development of the new economy, and occupy the commanding height in international competition. [Method/process] More than 100 experts participated in this research program which was based on the research of "Science & Technology Roadmap to China 2050: Strategic Reports of the Chinese Academy of Sciences". We combined expert judgments and literature analysis, focusing on 10 priority areas including information technology, biomedicine technology, new material technology, advanced manufacturing technology, new energy technology, ecological and environmental technology, space technology, marine technology, modern agriculture technology, and energy resources technology. [Result/conclusion] This paper summarizes the global trends of the strategic high technology, mainly in 10 priority areas above.


The present invention, nodding mirror, rotary electromagnetic drive, rotary optical encoders, and a control circuitry, relates to the optimized scanning system for riders. Rotary electromagnetic drive comprises an arm having a coil yoke incorporating a permanent magnet, and the one end of the arm. As rotational movement of the coil of the nodding mirror in the yoke in accordance with the current, the coil is accommodated in the yoke, the opposite end of the arm is connected to the nodding mirror. Rotary optical encoder, the output signal generated in response to rotation of the nodding mirror, it acts as a feedback to the control circuitry. As the nodding mirror is rotated at the reference scan pattern, control circuitry adjusts the current supplied to the rotary electromagnetic drive in accordance with the output signal.


In this paper, two related types of dualities are investigated. The first is the duality between left-invertible operators and the second is the duality between Banach spaces of vector-valued analytic functions. We will examine a pair ($\mathcal{B},\Psi)$ consisting of a reflexive Banach spaces $\mathcal{B}$ of vector-valued analytic functions on which a left-invertible multiplication operator acts and an operator-valued holomorphic function $\Psi$. We prove that there exist a dual pair ($\mathcal{B}^\prime,\Psi^\prime)$ such that the space $\mathcal{B}^\prime$ is unitarily equivalent to the space $\mathcal{B}^*$ and the following intertwining relations hold \begin{equation*} \mathscr{L} \mathcal{U} = \mathcal{U}\mathscr{M}_z^* \quad\text{and}\quad \mathscr{M}_z\mathcal{U} = \mathcal{U} \mathscr{L}^*, \end{equation*} where $\mathcal{U}$ is the unitary operator between $\mathcal{B}^\prime$ and $\mathcal{B}^*$. In addition we show that $\Psi$ and $\Psi^\prime$ are connected through the relation\begin{equation*} \langle(\Psi^\prime( \bar{z}) e_1) (\lambda),e_2\rangle= \langle e_1,(\Psi( \bar{ \lambda}) e_2)(z)\rangle \end{equation*} for every $e_1,e_2\in E$, $z\in \varOmega$, $\lambda\in \varOmega^\prime$. If a left-invertible operator $T$ satisfies certain conditions, then both $T$ and the Cauchy dual operator $T^\prime$ can be modelled as a multiplication operator on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vector-valued analytic functions $\mathscr{H}$ and $\mathscr{H}^\prime$, respectively. We prove that Hilbert space of the dual pair of $(\mathscr{H},\Psi)$ coincide with $\mathscr{H}^\prime$, where $\Psi$ is a certain operator-valued holomorphic function. Moreover, we characterize when the duality between spaces $\mathscr{H}$ and $\mathscr{H}^\prime$ obtained by identifying them with $\mathcal{H}$ is the same as the duality obtained from the Cauchy pairing.


This atricle studied the differences and similarities between Classical Estimation and Bayesian Estimation with an example.It concludes that Classical Estimation can be derived from Bayes'theory.In special case,Classical Estimation is equivalent to Bayes.


The formulas of Robert E. Hopkins, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, giving resolving power as a function of certain image "energy" diameters have been applied to geometric focal plots of an ƒ/4.7, 36-inch focal length Parabolic Reflector and the Hopkins designed Elgeet Navitar lens for the CZR-1 Bowen Camera. The formula R=605 (de2+dƒ2)-½gives the resolution R in lines/mm; de represents the diameter of the circle containing 30% of the energy in the image, and df is a constant of the emulsion, both expressed in microns. The parameter de was obtained by direct measurements on focal plots of the geometric ray traces, and the resulting resolving powers were confronted with corresponding measured values. The comparison, so far, has been confined to Super XX and reveals the limited nature and over-all conservatism of the method.


INTRODUCTION The submental artery flap has become increasingly popular since its introduction in 1993.1 In head and neck reconstruction, it possesses many advantages of the radial forearm flap in that it is thin, pliable, and a large surface area may be harvested. It may be used for extensive intraoral reconstruction, and when used for external facial defects, it provides a better color match than tissue harvested remotely. Although the submental flap can be harvested for free tissue transfer, it is most frequently used as a pedicled flap and does not require advanced microvascular skills. Several authors cite its final advantage as the ease of harvest and find the dissection safe and reliable.2,3 Although this holds true for the experienced reconstructive surgeon who is accustomed to small-vessel dissection, the submental flap harvest is more hazardous in the hands of a resident in training. Training residents in the art of head and neck reconstruction is a difficult task. Bhaya et al. examined otolaryngology resident training in head and neck reconstruction and found that residents would likely benefit from more complete training in a wider variety of pedicled flaps.4 Such training requires not only exposure to these surgeries, but also the technical skills to perform the necessary vessel dissections. The difficulty arises from trying to teach these skills without jeopardizing the reconstruction. In the classic technique, the submental flap is dissected off the mylohyoid muscle. In this area, the arteries supplying the flap are small and have numerous branches to surrounding structures outside of the flap territory that must be addressed with cautery or ligation. There may be only one reliable perforator off the submental artery that will ultimately supply the flap.5,6 If dissected imprecisely, these maneuvers can jeopardize the arterial supply to the flap that is otherwise robust. Accordingly, we have adopted a modified technique when training a resident surgeon to raise this flap. This involves an early proximal dissection of the submental vessels up to the mylohyoid muscle followed by inclusion of the mylohyoid muscle in the submental flap.


PSYCHOTHERAPY is an ample topic. It embraces all the therapeutic endeavors in the history of psychiatry. It includes topics as diverse as restraint, diet, medication, pedagogy, mental hygiene, psychoanalysis. The purpose of this discussion is not to consider in detail any special technic. It is much more general-that of outlining the recent developments in this field and of indicating in the fashion of the historian some possible future directions. My task is further limited to a consideration of psychiatric treatment as it is being formulated, especially in this country, and in relation to the mental-hygiene movement and the children's clinic. For our point of orientation, let us take a sample clinic in the year 1920-that of the Illinois Institute for Juvenile Research. Healy, starting in 90o8, had already broken ground for this work. By 1920, the group method of examination was already well developed. The case history was taken by the social worker; intelligence tests were performed by the psychologist, and the physical examination made by the physician. On the basis of the data accumulated from these sources, including special laboratory tests, mental tests, or special investigations if need be, besides his own mental examination, the psychiatrist diagnosed the difficulty and worked out a pro-


Salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in the world. The increasingly widespread salinization of soils and water resources represents a growing threat to agriculture around the world. A strategy to cope with this problem is to cultivate salt-tolerant crops and, therefore, it is necessary to identify plant species that are naturally adapted to high-salinity conditions. In this review, we focus our attention on some plant species that can be considered among the most representative halophytes of the Mediterranean region; they can be potential resources, such as new or relatively new vegetable crops, to produce raw or minimally processed (or ready-to-eat) products, considering their nutritional properties and nutraceuticals. The main biological and agronomic characteristics of these species and the potential health risks due to mycotoxigenic fungi have been analyzed and summarized in a dedicated section. The objective of this review is to illustrate the main biological and agronomical characteristics of the most common halophytic species in the Mediterranean area, which could expand the range of leafy vegetables on the market.


The present invention is the preparation process of liquid polymerized ferric sulfate by means of oxidizing catalyst. The process includes adding ferrous sulfate, water, sulfuric acid and sodium chlorate into reactor successively and stirring for 7-10 min. The present invention features the addition of powerful catalyst potassium permanganate, high concentration of the reactant components, fast reaction speed, high iron content and basicity of the product, low oxidant and water consumption, direct drying without washing, less drying time, low drying cost and high product quality.


To determine the position and anatomic variability of the thyroarytenoid (TA) branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in an Indian population. This study is specifically targeted to aid in identifying the nerve for reinnervation procedures for unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis, as well as denervation surgeries such as TA myoneurectomy and Selective Laryngeal Adductor Denervation and Reinnervation (SLAD‐R) for adductor spasmodic dysphonia.


Two studies examined citizens' perceptions of the criminal jury and their evaluations of 6- or 12person juries operating under unanimous or majority decision rules. Study 1 was a telephone survey of 130 adult citizens in which respondents evaluated alternative jury structures in the abstract. In Study 2, students were asked to evaluate jury structures for a hypothetical trial in which they were either the defendant or the victim in a crime with a mild or serious outcome. In both studies, jury size and decision rule were related to ratings of procedural cost, and the severity of the crime moderated procedural evaluations. In Study 1, juries were preferred to judges and the 12-person unanimous jury was preferred over other jury structures when the crime involved was serious. In Study 2, there were no direct effects due to variations injury structure, but subjects appeared to trade off procedural cost and thoroughness of deliberation as a function of the seriousness of the crime. Procedural fairness emerged as the strongest independent predictor of desirability for jury procedures, and fairness was related to representativeness and accuracy. The role manipulation did not influence subjects' responses. In both studies, respondents were very supportive of the jury as an institution, despite a perception that erroneous jury verdicts do occur.


This article attempts to shed light upon the relationship between Jacques Lacan and Alain Badiou from the perspective of philosophy and antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, the history of Western thought is constituted by the ceaseless dialogue between philosophy and antiphilosophy. It is well-known that Badiou elaborated on his philosophy through the critical dialogue with Lacanian psychoanalysis. In Lacan: Anti-Philosophy 3, Badiou addresses Lacan through the lens of antiphilosophy. According to Badiou, Lacanian antiphilosophy deposes the authority of philosophical truth, discloses the philosophical operation, and presents his analytic act against the philosophical operation. However, Lacan himself used the term "antiphilosophy" only twice in his entire intellectual itinerary. Moreover, he did not leave any systematic discussion about his antiphilosophy. How can one address Lacan's position regarding philosophy and antiphilosophy, then? This article engages with this question. The author first reviews the main points of Lacanian antiphilosophy as presented by Badiou, classifies Lacan's extensive and inconsistent comments on philosophy, and shows how Lacan and Badiou have an interlaced relationship, which cannot be reduced to the simple antagonism "philosophy vs. antiphilosophy." This will not only serve as a critical reading of the Badiouian version of Lacanian antiphilosophy but also contribute to the exploration of the relationship between Lacan and Badiou, philosophy and antiphilosophy.


There are still a number of issues that hinder the TNI AU from realizing the development of the TNI AU's Electronic Warfare capability, among others, the organization that organizes trade operations in the TNI AU's operational units is still not ideal, there are still limited software that regulates the implementation of TNI commerce operations, not optimal. preparation of human resources in the field of trading operations, the need for electronic warfare equipment with the latest technology in all operational units of the Indonesian Air Force, and the lack of availability of supporting infrastructure for trading operations. Efforts to anticipate and deal with threats from weapons systems in the current modern war era and maintain national air sovereignty, it is necessary to formulate appropriate strategies, including realizing the development of the Indonesian Air Force electronic warfare organization through the establishment of an organizational structure for the Indonesian Air Force's operational unit and fulfillment of requirements for validation. perrnika organization, realizing the fulfillment of software needs to support the implementation of electronic warfare of the Indonesian Air Force through revision of operational instructions and technical instructions for operational and maintenance of trading equipment, realizing the readiness of personnel carrying out trade operations through the provision of manning personnel according to organizational needs and organizing education and training, realizing the fulfillment of equipment needs equipment to support the TNI AU's commercial operations through the procurement of new equipment, as well as to fulfill the need for supporting infrastructure for the implementation of Electronic Warfare The Indonesian Air Force through the development of infrastructure for a centralized trading database storage facility.


The generalised Steiner-Lehmus theorem states that if AA' = BB", then the triangle ABC is isosceles (Figure 1). We first provide the essentials of a proof by calculus described in reference [1]. u • , u AA' AB BRAB . Using the sine rule, we have = . = where sinS sinp sin A sin a a = A + Bx, P = Ax + B (0 < x < 1) so that BB" _ sin A. sin (Ax + B) AA' sin B. sin (A + Bx)' sin (Ax + B) Now let/(x) = and suppose that A > B, so that sin A > sinfi JK sin(A + jftc) vv


【Objective】To explore the phylogenetic relationship and evolution degree among various typesof European plum germplasm resources in Xinjiang.【Methods】The pollen morphology characteristics of29 Xinjiang European plum accessions which classified into 5 types were observed and analyzed by scan-ning electron microscope.【Results】The results showed that pollen grain of tested accessions were all iso-polar and actinomorphy single pollen,the germinated organ belonged to N3P4C3 type. The average polaraxis length ranged from 27.70 μm to 41.47 μm,and the equatorial axis length ranged from 14.67 μm to21.34 μm. The polar axis and equatorial axis variation coefficients were 8.88% and 7.51%,respectively.Among 5 European plum types,Tacheng Binzi and Tacheng smoked plum had the same exine ornamenta-tion and mostly belonged to"fringe- perforate"type. The other European plum types,Jiashi smokedplum,introduced European plum varieties and wild European plum mainly belonged to"verrucous-perfo-rate","fringe/cerebroid-perforate"and"wide fringe /verrucous-perforate"types,respectively.【Conclu-sion】The pollen morphology characteristics of Xinjiang European plum had a certain genetic diversity,which were mainly embodied among different types. Cluster analysis showed that Jiashi smoked plum andwild European plum had the near phylogenetic relationship. However,the introduced European plum vari-eties,Tacheng smoked plum and Tacheng Binzi had the near phylogenetic relationship. The evolution degree of Xinjiang European plum types from low to high might be as follow: Jiashi smoked plum,wild Euro-pean plum,introduced European plum varieties,Tacheng smoked plum and Tacheng Binzi.


Through study on anion determined condition such as F-, Cl-, NO2-, PO43-, NO3-, SO42-,the paper shows that anion separability has close relation with leaching degree and proportion of leaching solution and parameter of judging peak index setting.


This paper describes the Professional Renewal Program for Educators (PRPE), a faculty-driven, tripartite effort developed to increase the knowledge and skills of education faculty, arts and sciences faculty, and P-12 classroom teachers in the areas of instructional technology, cultural diversity, and democratic principles in public education. Led by pairs of expert co-facilitators drawn from among their peers, cohorts of educators engaged in a series of inservice sessions spread over three semesters. In order to explore the effectiveness of peer instruction, participants were asked to complete an instrument that self-assessed their knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to diversity, technology, and the National Network for Education Renewal's (NNER's) agenda related to democracy. Results indicated that instruction in the PRPE was effective in promoting participants' growth in knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to diversity, technology, and the NNER agenda. Dividing leadership and responsibility between co-facilitators for each cohort was an effective strategy. (Contains 16 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Documenting and Exploring the Effectiveness of a Tri-Partite Renewal Collaboration Among Arts and Sciences and Education Faculty and P-12 Teachers Paper presented at the annual meeting of American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education March 2, 2001 Dallas Texas


We generate picosecond 6.5-nJ pulses from a single-stage oscillator using carbon nanotube passive mode locker. Evanescent field interaction scheme guarantees high optical damage threshold of the nanotubes. The pulses are monitored for 200 hours.


Effective management and exploitation of multimedia documents requires extraction of the underlying semantics. Multimedia analysis algorithms can produce fairly rich but imprecise information about a multimedia document. In this paper, a multimedia reasoning architecture is presented using the fuzzy extension of expressive SHIN, f-SHIN. First a segmentation algorithm generates a set of over-segmented regions and a classification process is employed to assign those regions with semantic labels. A semantic-based refinement of the segmentation is follows and this information initializes the ABox of a fuzzy-knowledge that is used for multimedia reasoning. The proposed approach was tested on outdoor domain and shows promising results.


In this paper, the equation of GWs was obtained by a new method in terms of scale factor and Hubble parameter. Also the power spectrum from these waves are compared .The method used to solve the GW equations is different from the ones~\cite{ mirza04, Beyond 20018, Yuki 2006}. In this way the equations describe the evolution directly from the beginning of the universe up to the present time in terms of scale factor.


Walter Gam Nkwi recounts the impact of returning Cameroonian soldiers from Spanish Guinea on the Cameroon Grassfields after the end of the First World War in 1919.


This dissertation focused on the phenomenon of grandparent caregiving within a small town in Pennsylvania. The following descriptor was used to define grandparent caregivers: Grandparent caregivers are grandparents who have gained full or part-time guardianship of one or more school-age grandchildren and co-reside with their grandchildren. Increasingly, grandparents in the United States have been thrust into the role of primary caregiver of their grandchildren (Harnett, Dawe, & Russell, 2014). The wellness of grandchildren raised by their grandparents dominates the scholarship regarding grandparent caregiving. This study aimed to uncover the ways in which grandparent caregivers of school-age children, describe how they navigate various support systems.
This study was phenomenological in nature and consisted of a series of two in-depth and face-to-face phenomenological interviews with each of the seven study participants. A modified version of Bronfenbrenner's (1977) ecological systems theory was used to illuminate the intricate support pathways that exist within the lives of those who took part in this study. Findings reflect a positive correlation between the relative happiness of grandparent caregivers with the depth of their interpersonal support systems. Further, all of the grandparent caregivers who took part in this study relied upon relationships found within the microsystem e.g. school district personnel, friends, biological parents, and other kin. Grandparent caregivers from five of the seven grandfamilies utilized relationships found within each system of the modified version of Bronfenbrenner's (1977) ecological systems theory, i.e., the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
The implications of this study cast a light on the successful journeys undertaken by a group of rural Pennsylvania grandparent caregivers. School district administrators and faculty will benefit from studying the quality of the interactions throughout the modified version of Bronfenbrenner's (1977) ecological systems theory. Moreover, school district stakeholders who read this study may feel compelled to include grandparent caregivers in the creation of enhanced professional development opportunities and more inclusive district policies.


Potassium permanganate in acetone is shown to be a useful reagent for the oxidation of perfluoro-and chlorofluoro-olefins to the corresponding carboxylic acids.


ABSTRACT Given the need to provide increased opportunities for busy managers to learn, but their reduced availability to attend formal on-campus classes, management students and corporate employers have turned to Distance Education (DE) provision as an alternative to face-to-face (FtF) programmes. Providing flexible delivery, however, does not guarantee that the learning requirements of management students will be met, and needs to be considered in terms of the limits and enhancements to learning that different flexible methodologies support. DE comes in many forms and pedagogics, uses a variety of media, and tends to be designed with the individual learner in mind, whereas the demand for work-relevant management skills requires Management Education (ME) programmes to include collaborative as well as individual modes of learning. Managers require integrative knowledge, emotional intelligence, and complex social and perceptual skills and attitudes that increasingly reflect ethical and values-oriented behaviour. At issue in the shift from FtF to DE is the need to provide opportunities for the ongoing social and interpersonal skills development that would normally occur within the classroom. For DE to add value to management learners it needs to offer flexibility that supports quality work-relevant education. In this paper the author explores whether print-based DE combined with Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies provides a solution. CMC is a networked electronic medium; used in conjunction with print-based DE it can provide opportunities for group interactivity and collaborative learning. Since the skills required for effective CMC participation are also synergistic with the socio-cultural and technical skills required of today's 'networked manager', the author suggests that there are further advantages to including CMC as part of the ME curriculum. From a review of the literature, the author concludes that there is much benefit in combining the two methodologies provided that: • appropriate pedagogy is designed into the combined media • the flexibility and educational needs of management learners are met • educators and learners learn how to learn by the new media.


Slow Dynamics is a peculiar property exhibited by many sedimentary rocks and was first reported in the mid 1990s. Slow dynamics refers to the process of changing the elastic state of a rock, softening its macroscopic stiffness with application of an AC acoustic drive. What makes slow dynamics unique is that the elastic state of the rock recovers as log(time) once the acoustic drive is turned off. Many creep-like mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effect, notably it resembles recoverable/reversible DC creep. The most common explanation is due to the effects of water, or a form of it, in the spaces between grains. However, it has been exceedingly difficult to pin down the real physics. One experiment with Berea sandstone at high vacuum and temperatures showed that slow dynamics still persists even at these conditions. Followup experiments are in progress, using a pure quartz Fontainebleau sandstone to avoid any effects of clays. Another experiment is planned which will mimic conditions on Mars where water in any form is of great interest to planetary geologists. [Work supported by the Office of Basic Sciences, DOE and by Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding.]


While prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening protocols vary, many clinicians have anecdotes of screened men with low PSA levels that rise significantly and are associated with high‐risk prostate cancer (PC). We sought to better understand the frequency of high‐risk cases that appear suddenly in a screened population.


The utility model discloses a horizontal numerical control double-head stator curve grinding machine, which comprises an X axis guide rail (2) and an X axis servo motor (4), wherein the X axis guide rail (2) and the X axis servo motor (4) are arranged on a grinding machine frame body, and the X axis servo motor (4) is connected with a fixture (6) and a roller dresser (5) through a first ball screw(3). A C axis servo motor (1) is arranged on the grinding machine frame body and is connected with the fixture (6). The utility model is characterized in that a Z axis guide rail (11) and a Z axis servo motor (10) are arranged on the grinding machine frame body, and the Z axis servo motor (10) is connected with dual grinding heads (7, 8) through a second ball screw (9) to form the mechanical partof the grinding machine; and optical grating rulers are arranged on a C axis and an X axis to form a full-closed loop control system together with the numerical system of the grinding machine. The utility model has the advantages that the machining efficiency is greatly improved, the loss of the grinding material is reduced, the control precision is effectively improved and the curve precision ofthe ground workpiece is guaranteed.


This Article highlights three developments in criminal justice in 2012 that marked the move toward more gender-inclusive anti-violence movements: the FBI's adoption of a gender-neutral definition of rape; the debate regarding the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA); and the promulgation of new Department of Justice (DOJ) regulations under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA). These recent developments reveal a growing movement towards more gender-inclusive conceptions of rape and intimate partner violence. The change to a more gender-inclusive approach will have many implications for criminal justice policy and institutions. One critical project is to ensure that courts and prosecutors adopt competent and fair practices in cases involving same-sex intimate partner and sexual violence.


INTRODUCTIONThe history of fossils during fossilization has been a subject of palaeontologicalinterest for the last two centuries. Studies about fossilization have emphasized twoaspects of fossils: 1) the diverse environments and detailed processes that occurredduring fossilization and 2) their chronological order. As referred by many authors,important events in the history of a given fossil are: death and biogenic productionof remains or traces, burial and discovery. Taking into account different criteria, seve-ral scientific disciplines concerning processes and phases or stages of fossilizationhave been proposed during the last century (Fig. 1). Consequently, the meaning oftaphonomic disciplines, as well as the quantity and the limits between them, havebeen modified in different senses by different authors mainly over the last fortyyears.Biostratinomy and fossildiagenesis are two taphonomic disciplines, having theirown concepts, subjects, application fields, goals and methods, but the limit betweenthese disciplines is not clearly established. The aim of this paper is to analyse thediverse meanings of the terms "biostratinomy" and "fossildiagenesis", determiningthe most appropriate limit between the application fields of these disciplines in orderto solve the current ambiguity.


The termination of the substantia nigra pars reticulata efferents in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus was studied in the rat by using the anterograde tracer Phaseolusvulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L). Both large and small injections of PHA‐L in various portions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata labeled varicose fibers in the ipsilateral and contralateral nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, subnucleus dissipatus as well as in the ipsilateral nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, subnucleus compactus. However, the bulk of the nigral fibers appeared to terminate in the medial two‐thirds of the ipsilateral subnucleus dissipatus of the pedunculopontine nucleus and exhibited a discrete dorsoventral topographical pattern. The terminal plexus displayed patches of uneven density, which was partly due to the numerous fiber bundles passing through the pedunculopontine nucleus, but also to an obvious preference of nigral fibers for some cells. Electron microscopic examination confirmed that nearly all of the varicosities observed in the light microscope contained synaptic vesicles and represented either terminal boutons or boutons en passant. The labeled boutons were elongated (average length: 1.5 μm) and consistently contained a prominent group of mitochondria.


The invention discloses a method for drying honeysuckles. The method includes placing screened fresh honeysuckles into color-protecting solution; laying the honeysuckles on stainless steel screen cloth after the color-protecting solution on the honeysuckles is drained, and placing the stainless steel screen cloth in a drying chamber of a heat pump drying machine; setting the temperature of the drying chamber at 40-60 DEG C, setting an air speed of the drying chamber at 1-2.5m/s and setting the concentration of oxygen in the drying chamber at 5-21%; filling the drying chamber with nitrogen for 3-5 minutes at intervals of 20-30 minutes in drying procedures, keeping the required concentration of the oxygen in the drying chamber unchanged, and drying the honeysuckles for 6-10 hours to obtain the honeysuckles which are dried by the aid of heat pumps; placing the screen cloth with the honeysuckles into a microwave generator after the honeysuckles are dried by the aid of the heat pumps, and drying the honeysuckles by the aid of microwaves until the moisture contents of the honeysuckles are lower than or equal to 12%; spreading the honeysuckles in cool, clean and ventilation positions to temper the honeysuckles; loading the honeysuckles in compound zip-lock bags, and filling the insides of the bags with nitrogen so that the concentration of oxygen in each bag is lower than or equal to 5%. The drying chamber of the heat pump drying machine is preheated for at least 30 minutes before the stainless steel screen cloth is placed in the drying chamber. The method has the advantages that a manufacturing process is simple, the cost is low, and the quality of products are stable; a brightness value L of the honeysuckles manufactured by the method is larger than 60, the total phenol content of the honeysuckles is higher than 0.5%, a chlorogenic acid loss rate is lower than 20%, and the method has obvious merits, an important application prospect and high popularization utilization value.


Online courses are gaining popularity because they provide extensive and varied course material, information, knowledge, and skills, whilst also creating an effective educational online community. This research adopts a case study approach to focus on the teaching method and the manner in which a strategic commitment to eLearning provides scope for the development and implementation of top quality educational online fully accredited programs. Entrepreneurship focuses on developing businesses that add value and create wealth and prosperity in our societies. Therefore, entrepreneurship is a key area of learning for graduate students seeking to set up and operate their own SME organizations. It can serve as a benchmark for the teaching of other graduate subjects that require a sound correlation for the correlation of concepts and theories to the challenging complexities of the real world. The program was developed on the basis of the implementation of a state-of-the-art eLearning platform that allowed for a combination of varied self-learning and collaborative learning elements and activities within a single platform. This enabled students to access the online content material efficiently and effectively. It allows for the development of a program based on the flipped classroom teaching methodology. The underlying concept of the flipped classroom methodology is that effective eLearning should comprise both synchronous and asynchronous learning activities. This combination of self-learning and collaborative learning calls for careful planning by the tutor to ensure that the learning objectives are clearly defined for each activity and that the relevant deliverables are monitored. The content material for each subject course module was designed, developed, produced, and presented by the different project partners in a holistic manner structured to motivate participants to learn. The results of our analysis have shown that students were able to learn, discuss their projects, and cooperate during an online course in an effective and participant-focused manner with their tutors. The feedback given highlights the importance of ongoing communications between students and the tutors who often need to act as mentors to retain student engagement.


It is well known that some nonlinear phenomena in thermo-acoustic system can't be explained by using linear thermo-acoustic theory. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the nonlinear solution of the thermo-acoustic system. The nonlinear time periodic solution of a thermo-acoustic system was found by using Gaierkin' low spectrum mode and solving the ordinary differential equations, in this paper. A technique called phase space analysis was employed to depict the evolutionary characteristics of a thermo-acoustic system in phase plane, and the phase space analysis method is a powerful tool in the investigation of open systems. These phase diagrams of the pressure signals and the temperature signals were plotted in phase planes by means of reconstructing pressure and temperature trails. The results show that the stable solution for a thermo-acoustic system is a stable nonlinear periodic oscillation with a limit cycle. The results obtained herein may be useful for understanding the mechanism of thermo-acoustic effect.


Two ring-type conductance meters were manufactured to measure void fraction and its propagation speed in slug flow. The signal of conductance meter with two rings depends on liquid temperature. Therefore a conductance meter with separated probe designed by Coney (1973), which is independent of liquid temperature, was used and experimentally proved. The manufactured conductance meters showed a good repeatability and agreement with the analytical solution by Coney (1973). From time lag between two conductance meter, we could calculate the propagation speed of void fraction.


Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays penetrate the dermis, influencing the function of different cells, including mast cells, able to produce angiogenic factors. We investigated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release and gene‐expression from mast cells (MCs), after UVA irradiation in vitro. The release of VEGF‐A by Human MCs‐1 (HMC‐1) was induced by calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (PMA). Half of the cells received increasing doses of UVA (5, 25 and 50 J/cm2), the unirradiated HMC‐1 served as controls. VEGF release and VEGF's messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were detected respectively by enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. Results showed a UVA dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on VEGF‐A release from HMC‐1. In particular, the release ability was reduced by 71.2% with 5 J/cm2; 85% with 25 J/cm2 and 86.3% with 50 J/cm2.


In this work we will focus on the causal character of Carter Spacetime (see [2], [10]). The importance of this spacetime is the following: for the causally best well behaved spacetimes (the globally hyperbolic ones), there are several characterizations or alternative definitions. In some cases, it has been shown that some of the causal properties required in these characterizations can be weakened. But Carter spacetime provides a counterexample for an impossible relaxation in one of them. We studied the possibility of Carter spacetime to be a counterexample for impossible lessening in another characterization, based on the previous results. In particular, we will prove that the time-separation or Lorentzian distance between two chosen points in Carter spacetime is infinite. Although this spacetime turned out not to be the counterexample we were looking for, the found result is interesting per se and provides ideas for alternate approaches to the possibility of weakening the mentioned characterization.


This paper introduces a method of high speed transmission data with FX2LP implementing between the computer and FPGA,which implements high speed transmission data.CY7C68013,made by Cypress company,is FX2LP;XC3S400,made by Xilinx company,is FPGA.


Efforts to integrate mindfulness meditation into existing Western psychoetherpay models are commonplace. While mindfulness techniques may work in concert with other models successfully, the richness of the mindfulness model of encountering the world is often lost. Using Beckerman and Sarracco's case study as an example, this paper explores some of the ways in which a more full integration of the mindfulness model might inform EFT practice.


The education on developing the undergraduates' ability of self-regulated learning is not only the focus attracting attention world-wide in the field of higher education,but also has important and profound significance in carrying out the strategic decision on learning society development in China.In the process of developing the undergraduates' ability of self-regulated learning,it is necessary to properly manage the different relationships between teaching and education,teachers and students,student work and teaching work,individual student and other students,freedom of learning and self-discipline of learning.


mal splenomegaly without hepatomegaly and a very mild pattern of interstitial lung disease. Neither neurological nor ocular manifestations were detected. Biochemical tests showed normal liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed the presence of an infiltrate of macrophages laden with blue staining pigment granules. May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining identified blue-staining foamy macrophages referred to as sea-blue histiocytes ( fig. 1 ). Cytogenetics did not reveal any abnormalities. The analysis of sphingomyelinase activity showed below normal enzymatic activity determined in both leukocytes (15% of normal values) and fibroblasts (0.4% of normal values). These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) [2] . The sequencing analysis of SMPD1 using Sea-blue histiocytosis in bone marrow is a morphological finding that has been described in the setting of high rates of intramedullary cell death due to lipid storage diseases or hematological diseases, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative disorders, lymphomas, chronic immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune neutropenia, or β-thalassemia major [1] . We report a case of sea-blue histiocytosis in a 57-yearold female admitted for evaluation of thrombocytopenia incidentally discovered a year earlier. Her blood examination showed a platelet count 85 × 10 9 /l, normal hemoglobin and a white blood cell count with normal differential. Peripheral blood smear confirmed thrombocytopenia without other morphological alterations. Both physical examination and imaging studies revealed miniReceived: July 10, 2014 Accepted after revision: July 27, 2014 Published online: November 20, 2014


Dynamical phenomena in dilute lyotropic solutions are investigated. We consider the case when lyotropic molecules form a system of membranes determining the main peculiarities of these systems. We are interested in the effect of fluctuations of the membranes on dynamical characteristics of the systems. A membrane possesses two soft degrees of freedom associated with its bending deformations and with variations of the surface density ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$ of molecules constituting the membrane, which we term elastic deformations. Bending fluctuations are governed by the Helfrich module \ensuremath{\kappa} whereas the elastic fluctuations (variations of ${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$) are governed by the ``internal'' compressibility of the membrane which we characterize by an elastic module B. Correspondingly, there are two characteristic surface modes where the motion of the solvent is localized near the membrane. In the linear approximation these modes prove to be overdamped. Due to the softness of these modes, dynamic fluctuation effects related to nonlinear interaction of the modes should be taken into account. To investigate these effects the Wyld-diagram technique is used. It is constructed on the basis of nonlinear equations describing the dynamics of a membrane immersed into a liquid. We have shown that bending fluctuations are most important. Our investigation is performed in the framework of the perturbation theory in g\ensuremath{\simeq}T/\ensuremath{\kappa} which is believed to be a small dimensionless parameter, describing the ``strength'' of the bending fluctuations.


Recent studies using orienting tasks (Hyde & Jenkins, 1969, 1973) suggest that a subject's encoding operations are best characterized as a directed or selective process. Inferences about encoding from these experiments, however, are based on quantitative differences in recall performance. It was felt that more sensitive tests of the nature of information stored as the result of hypothetical encoding operations were necessary. In a recognition paradigm, critical items were presented in the context of meaningful modifiers or in the context of nonsense, rhyming modifiers to encourage subjects to selectively encode specified sets of stimulus attributes. The effectiveness of the manipulation was evaluated in terms of the false alarm errors to either semantically related distractors, or non-semantically related distractors. Despite indications of an effective encoding manipulation, no recognition performance differences to unrelated control items were obtained. Some implications for the levels of processing theory of Craik & Lockhart (1972) were discussed.


INTRODUCTION Prior to the introduction of the flexible bronchoscope by Ikeda in 1968,1 otolaryngologists relied on rigid endoscopy under general anesthesia to evaluate patients presenting with complaints referable to the tracheobronchial tree such as chronic cough, possible foreign body aspiration, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and stridor or wheezing. Although once considered the gold standard, rigid bronchoscopy carries with it certain major risks associated with general anesthesia,2,3 as well as the possibility of iatrogenic injuries to the upper aerodigestive tract or tracheobronchial tree. The advent of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has largely eliminated the need for general anesthesia, instead relying on conscious sedation and topical anesthesia. Only recently has the pulmonology literature supported FFB without sedation. Patient cooperation and comfort are usually not enhanced with sedation,4 which carries its own small risks of major complications.3 At the same time, shifting trends in medical economics and the aging population have popularized alternative officebased procedures, which may avoid trips to the operating room, among both endoscopists and patients.1 Many patients with suspected upper airway pathology will be referred to a pulmonologist. If an interventional procedure such as biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage is planned, sedation may be justified. However, a subset of patients requiring diagnostic bronchoscopy for suspected tracheal or bronchial pathology present to an otolaryngologist, rather than a pulmonologist.5 Many of these patients presenting to an otolaryngologist have vague respiratory complaints with a long list of differential diagnoses, and diagnostic bronchoscopy may be valuable in ruling out tracheobronchial disease, identifying pathology needing further workup, or in directing treatment by either the otolaryngologist or another specialist. Additionally, many patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma may require either staging or surveillance bronchoscopy. Indeed, these patients may represent a subset who are more likely to be appropriate for awake FFB. Whereas interventional bronchoscopic procedures may justify sedation and monitoring, diagnostic bronchoscopy alone is both safe and comfortable without sedation in most patients.3–5 In many cases, this procedure can be accomplished in the otolaryngology clinic, without specialized instrumentation. We report a simple technique for unsedated FFB in the clinic, where this procedure has been safely performed by junior residents, with attending supervision, and well tolerated by patients.


We have updated our measurement of the cross section for e^+e^- -> psi(3770) -> hadrons, our publication "Measurement of sigma(e^+e^- -> psi(3770) -> hadrons) at E_{c.m.} = 3773 MeV", arXiv:hep-ex/0512038, Phys.Rev.Lett.96, 092002 (2006). Simultaneous with this arXiv update, we have published an erratum in Phys.Rev.Lett.104, 159901 (2010). There, and in this update, we have corrected a mistake in the computation of the error on the difference of the cross sections for e^+e^- -> psi(3770) -> hadrons and e^+e^- -> psi(3770) -> DDbar. We have also used a more recent CLEO measurement of cross section for e^+e^- -> psi(3770) -> DDbar. From this, we obtain an upper limit on the branching fraction for psi(3770) -> non-DDbar of 9% at 90% confidence level.


The determination of magnesium by atomic absorpare described, and the results are discussed with regard to reproducibility, accuracy and sensitivity. It is minations can be made with the same ease and rapidity as flame-photometric determinations of sodium and potassium. (auth)


I n many cultures there is the belief that photography is a medium that captures one's soul. Spirit can become frozen in time and space, often robbed of animation. Edward Sheriff Curtis's images of early 20th-century Native Americans and their traditions somehow preserve the essence of each person regardless of the fear of this loss. The photographs are recordings of a founding presence in this country, forces to be reckoned with; the encountered Other. These people from communities throughout North America had deep relationships with earth and nature as echoed through such names as "Cloud Bird," "Weasel Tail," and "Running Rabbit." Pride, strength, wisdom, and intelligence are lines etched in their facial landscapes. In a haunting way, though stilled through art, these portraits breathe and remain alive. From 1904 to 1930, Curtis sought to document Native Americans from more than 80 tribes with over 40,000 photographs. His portfolios represent a people that stood their ground, continued rituals of healing and prayer, and followed the seasons—in contrast to the "settling of this continent by the white man." We are indebted to the beauty of his work and the depth of his anthropological interests. They are traces of the rich roots of our nation.


For the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) change detection, the traditional pixel-wise methods have poor performance in terms of regional consistence and noise resistance, especially for the greatly heterogeneous aeras (e.g., built-up areas). In this article, a change detection method based on superpixel-wise likelihood-ratio tests are presented. Firstly, assuming that SAR pixel values follow a Gamma distribution, we derive the superpixel-wise probability density function of SAR images. Secondly, we conduct the likelihood-ratio test (LRT) to test the equity of two superpixels' parameters. Thirdly, by observing the statistical properties of superpixel aeras, we simplify the calculation of LRT. Finally, we perform binarization on the LRT results according to Wilk's Theorem to acquire the change maps. In the experiment, this method is successfully applied to flood extraction on Sentinel-1 data, showing its superiority over those traditional pixel-wise methods.


As cities are facing environmental and societal challenges, including climate change, rapid urbanization, and the COVID-19 pandemic, scholars and policymakers have recognized the potential of small-scale urban green infrastructures (UGI), such as rain gardens and street trees, to support important ecosystem services (ES) during periods of crisis and change. While there has been considerable research on the design, planning, engineering, and ecology of small-scale UGI, the governance modes of such spaces to support ES and manage ecosystem disservices (EDS) have received significantly less research attention. In this article, we provide a systematic review to evaluate how different modes of governance support different ES in small-scale green infrastructure. We evaluated governance in six types of small-scale green infrastructure: small parks, community gardens, vacant lands, rain gardens, green roofs, and street trees. Our review examines the different characteristics of four new governance approaches, including adaptive, network, mosaic, and transformative to understand their bottom-up nature and applicability in governing ES/disservices of small-scale UGI. Each governance mode can be effective for managing the ES of certain small-scale UGI, given their associations with principles such as resilience thinking, connectivity, and active citizenship. Our synthesis highlights knowledge gaps at the intersection between governance arrangements and ES in small-scale UGI. We conclude with a call for further research on the environmental and contextual factors that moderate the linkages between governance modes and ES/EDS in different types of UGI.


In this paper, analyze the effects of trust and self-efficacy with TAM(Technical Acceptance Model) for intended mobile internet use. Trust is a belief that one can rely upon a promise made by another.Self-efficacy, an individual characteristic, is reflective of confidence in one's ability to perform...


Subroutines for several algorithms for the computation of the discrete W transform and the discrete Hartley transform are implemented in a YNC-M240D computer for testing of their time efficiency. Results show that the subroutines for the fast W transform algorithm reported recently are more efficient than subroutines for radix-2, radix-4 and the split radix fast Hartley transform algorithms.


Abstract The photo-induced reaction between CpNb(CO)4 and Ph2P(CH2)2PR(CH2)2PPh2 (L; R = Ph, Cy) yields the chelated five-membered ring complexes cis-[CpNb(CO)2L] (two isomers in the case of R = Cy). The uncordinated PPh2 group reacts with CpNb(CO)3THF to form CpNb(CO)2(μ-L)CpNb(CO)3. IR, 31P and 93Nb NMR spectra are discussed and compared with corresponding data of the analogous vanadium complexes.


PURPOSE
To date, only a few studies have evaluated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, the German CLL Study Group assessed HRQOL in younger patients with advanced CLL receiving first-line chemotherapy with fludarabine or fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide (FC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Three hundred seventy-five patients younger than 66 years with advanced CLL were randomly assigned to receive either fludarabine alone (fludarabine 25 mg/m2/d for 5 days intravenously [IV], repeated every 28 days) or FC (fludarabine 30 mg/m2/d for 3 days IV plus cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m2/d for 3 days, repeated every 28 days). Six courses of treatment were planned to be administered. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 was sent to all patients at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months.

RESULTS
Eighty-nine percent of 362 included patients completed at least one questionnaire (163 fludarabine- and 158 FC-treated patients). Comparing the baseline levels of 249 CLL patients with the general German population, significant differences in nearly all HRQOL scales were assessed between the two groups. A multivariate analysis showed no significant differences in all HRQOL scales between both arms. In both treatment arms, symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and appetite loss improved to lower levels after the end chemotherapy. Except for lower physical status, no significant difference in HRQOL between male and female patients was evaluated.

CONCLUSION
Fludarabine-based treatment seems to improve HRQOL little to moderately in younger patients with advanced CLL. No significant difference between fludarabine- and FC-treated patients was observed.


With rapid growth in the construction industry, Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) is playing a key role in offering high-quality customized concrete to contractors and builders. The workability of concrete involves early stage operations of concrete: placing, compaction, and finishing. Since RMC is manufactured at a plant and transported to the construction site, loss of workability is of prime concern due to the considerable time interval between mixing and placing of concrete. Workability of concrete is measured using a slump test to evaluate the life of the concrete during its transportation phase and the uniformity of the concrete from batch to batch. The proportions of cement, fly ash, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, water, and admixtures in the concrete govern its workability or slump value. In this study, an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) learning from past examples gathered from a RMC plant were used to model the functional relationship between the input parameters and the slump value of concrete. The ANN model provided promising results compared to first-order and second-order regression techniques for modeling the unknown and complex relationships exhibited by the design mix proportions and the slump of concrete. The neural network synaptic weights that control the learning mechanism of ANN were further used to compute the percentage of relative importance of each constituent of RMC on the slump value, providing insight into the composite nature of concrete. The technique presented in the study will enable technical staff to quickly estimate the slump of RMC based on its design mix constituents without having to perform multiple design mix trials in order to achieve a customized slump value.


ABSTRACT
Faiz, M Rifqi. 2010. Textual Meaning in Man and Woman's Language (a Study of Debate between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, Los Angeles, January 31, 2008). Final Project. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. Semarang State University. First Advisor: Widhianto, S.Pd., M.Pd. Second Advisor: Dr. Djoko Sutopo, M.Si
Key words: Textual meaning, theme, man and woman's language, debate, discourse analysis.
This study is about the textual meaning in man and woman's language. The aim of this study is to describe the difference of Textual meaning in man and woman's language. In order to gather the data, the writer designed a qualitative research. I conducted this research by using Textual metafuction approach which is based on Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (1985).
The data of this research are the transcript of the debate that were obtained from the official website of CNN and the video of the debate which are taken from Internet, Youtube. The transcript of the debate is the main data for the analysis. Man's language is represented by Obama's speeches and woman's language is represented by Clinton's speeches.
The analysis of the data used the following steps: First, each type of Theme in Textual metafunction was coded. Second, the transcript was divided into man's language which is represented by Obama's speeches and woman's language which is represented by Clinton's speeches. Third, their speeches were analyzed by using Textual metafuction approach and then the frequency of each type of Theme that they used was counted. Last, the frequency of Theme that was used by both candidates was compared to find out the difference between both of them in using Theme in their utterances.
The result of this research showed that Obama tends to use Marked Ideational Theme in his utterances and Clinton tends to use Adjunct Interpersonal Theme in her utterances.
In this study, the writer suggests good speaker in the debate should always enhance their knowledge and speaking skill, debate should always in the curriculum especially in English subject and last the writer suggests further research in order to get more knowledge about debate and generally Metafucntion in text.


According to the rules of thermodynamics, the data of literature are collected and chosen, and a database of the thermodynamic property of is est ablished. Through this library, the customers can do something about thermodynam ic property and data such as inquiry, index and dynamic protecting. In terms of thermodynamic property data of this database,the calculation and analysis about the thermodynamic balance of metallurgical reaction process has been carried ou t.


The thesis is focused on bio-based self-healing concrete. The aim of this method is to ensure durability of concrete structures, which is significantly affected by the microcracks formation. The manual remediation of cracks is time consuming and financially challenging, thus research of the self-healing potential is a promising topic. The basic principle of the biological method is to fill the cracks with calcium carbonate, which is the product of metabolism of specific microorganisms, when they are supplied with appropriate nutrients and a source of calcium. The first part of the thesis consists of a research of previous studies focused on the bio-based self-healing concrete. It describes various principles of metabolic production of calcium carbonate, gives an overview of suitable microorganisms, nutrients and other compounds, and determines the necessary measures which need to be followed in order to achieve an effective self-healing process. The experimental part of the thesis deals with cultivation of the selected microorganism – Bacillus pseudofirmus, determinates its survival and viability in various difficult conditions simulating the production and final environment of the cementitious material and examines different possibilities of encapsulation of bacteria in protective carries, namely polyvinyl alcohol nanofibres and lightweight ceramic aggregates.


The agricultural sector is a vital source of human well-being that provides the necessities of daily life. A variety of farming systems are utilized in agriculture, such as a wide range of tillage options, no-till, agroforestry, precision farming, organic farming, cover cropping, crop rotations, etc. Each of these farming systems has unique challenges, and nanotechnology has successfully improved on many of them. Agricultural applications of nanotechnology include nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors, nanobiotechnology, and nanoremediation. This study focuses on the application of nano-farming technologies to different farming systems. Suggested practices include nano improvement of soil quality, crop nano-protection under biotic stress, nanoremediation of polluted soil and water environments, nanomanagement of agro-wastes, nano-agrochemicals, nano-precision farming, and nanobiotechnology for modern farming. This review also addresses expected problems that may occur due to over application of nanomaterials to farming systems, such as nanopollution and nanotoxicity of agroecosystem compartments. Several dimensions are emphasized in this study, such as green energy, sustainable development, the circular bioeconomy, land biodegradation, pollution, and the one health approach, as essential for the global goals of sustainable development. Nanofarming presents both benefits and obstacles to human life. The exact balance between these benefits and challenges needs more study.


: Based on IoT technology, smart home owners can access smart devices remotely and enjoy convenient and efficient services. However, sensitive data collected by smart devices are vulnerable to attacks such as eavesdropping and impersonation when transmitted over untrusted channels. The security of resource-constrained smart devices is low, and attackers may use the controlled devices to further execute malicious behaviors. In order to solve the above existing security problems, a lightweight remote mutual authentication scheme is designed in this paper, which can be applied in resource-constrained smart home environments. Compared with related schemes, this scheme has lower computation overhead and communication overhead.


On April 14th, 2010, a large earthquake (Ms=7.1) shocked the Yushu county in the Qinghai Province at western China. It caused severe damages and fatalities. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the building damages caused by the earthquake based on pre and post earthquake ALOS SAR data. The distribution of the buildings in the Yushu city was extracted from the intensity images of the SAR data. Phase coherence between two scenes of SAR data were calculated to assess the building damages. The results show that the buildings close to the surface rupture caused by the earthquake are broken severely. The further to the surface rupture, the less damages of the buildings. It indicates that avoiding the potential rupture zone in the urban planning is necessary to mitigate the earthquake hazards.


Extensive literature from the past 40 years accuses brain amyloid as one of the causal factors of senile dementia. Amyloid is considered, together with intracel lular inclusions of τ-protein, as the originator for a specifi c Alzheimer's dis ease. After be ing dependent for many decades on amyloid detection only in autopsy specimens, the application of radioactive ligands us ing positron emission tomography (PET) cur rently achieves highly informative in vivo fi ndings. The recognition of relations between mental acuity and the intensity of amyloid deposits has thus obtained a new dimension. We are provid ing a review of methods and their conclusions which shed light onto the mechanisms of brain ageing: histological properties of amyloid, techniques and the yield of its detection in PET, relation of amyloid density to that of neurofi bril lary tangles, its relation to tis sue metabolism and atrophy, dynamics of amyloid presence accord ing to age and cor relative studies between amyloid and mental eff ectivity. The given interpretation puts doubt on the causal role of amyloid in the psychic deterioration of seniors and thus also on one of the pil lars of the so-cal led Alzheimer's dis ease. Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. The authors declare they have no potential confl icts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE "uniform requirements" for biomedical papers. P. Kalvach1, K. Kupka2, M. Vogner1 1 Neurologická klinika 3. LF UK a FN Královské Vinohrady, Praha 2 Ústav nukleární medicíny, 1. LF UK


Abstract —The rapid advances in virtual technology has led to great improvement in educational tools. The benefits of using augmented and virtual reality to assist teaching are increased student motivation, better learning experience, interaction with peers through internet and interaction with real world objects. Increased investments in virtual technologies, enhanced user experience and benefits of using virtual technology for teaching makes augmented reality one of the leading technologies for future of education. This project aims at developing a wearable headset based augmented reality application to assist teaching HVAC systems to students. The application has a guided walkthrough of the HVAC system as well as a manipulatable 3D hologram. Unity3D Game Engine has been used to develop the application while Microsoft HoloLens has been used as the platform for implementing the augmented reality application. The application has been implemented and tested to receive feedback.


The electronic band structure of solid krypton has been calculated by a combined tight-binding and orthogonalized plane wave approach first introduced by Knox and Bassani. The crystal potential, constructed as a sum of quasiatomic potentials, contains an exchange potential which has been made to approximate closely the crystal Slater exchange potential. Spin-orbit splittings have been computed, and effective masses have been obtained at points of high symmetry in the Brillouin zone. The smallest computed gap between valence and conduction bands is "direct," is located at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\mathrm{k}=0)$, and has a magnitude of 11.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 eV, in agreement with the direct gap of 11.8 eV inferred by Baldini on the basis of optical absorption data. Computed Wannier exciton absorption lines at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ are also in agreement with Baldini's results.


Prox Dynamics has developed the first operational Nano Unmanned Aircraft System (NUAS), the PD-100. This system uses a 16 g helicopter capable of flying in winds and gusts up to 20 knots. When operating within these conditions it is extremely important to position the helicopter with respect to the wind to allow control to be maintained and stable imagery to be obtained. This paper present the algorithm that Prox Dynamics has implemented on the PD- 100 to estimate the aircraft's local wind field. As the PD-100 does not directly measure airspeed, the algorithm uses a prediction of the airspeed estimated from its dynamics and aerodynamic model. The resulting airspeed is processed to produce a smooth estimate of both the local wind field and platform airspeed. An operational example has been included to show both the implementation and value that this system provides.


is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Transportation Research Board is distributing this Circular to make the information contained herein available for use by individual practitioners in state and local transportation agencies, researchers in academic institutions, and other members of the transportation research community. The information in this circular was taken directly from the submission of the authors. iii Preface he mechanical behavior of concrete materials depends to a great extent on structural elements and phenomena which are effective on a micro-and nanoscale. The ability to target material modification at the nanostructural level promises to deliver the optimization of material behavior and performance needed to improve significantly the mechanical performance, volume change properties, durability, and sustainability of concrete. This synopsis is written to assist in the identification of promising new research and innovations in concrete materials using nanotechnology that can result in improved mechanical properties, volume change properties, durability, and sustainability. This publication was developed both for the practitioner who wants a general knowledge of how nanotechnology can shape—and is shaping—the future and for the academician who is interested in a compilation of the latest research including detailed references related to nanotechnology in concrete. Parts 1, 3, and 4 are on a level that can be comprehended by a reader who has no background in nanotechnology. Part 1 is a general overview for practitioner and academician alike. Part 3 highlights some of the current implementation case studies, and Part 4 identifies some of the challenges and sets a course for future direction. In Part 2, at the front of each of the main sections is a general description for the practitioner. The body of the section details the state of the art in research and technology in nanotechnology. This synergy of practical needs and future vision will change the future of concrete construction in the transportation industry.


Finite element method(FEM) was used to optimize design of magnetic flux leakage testing(MFLT) equipment for oil pipe.According to the structural parameters and testing requirement of oil pipe,the finite element model of MFL field of defect was modeled.Parameters of the exciters were optimized to determine the operating point in saturation curves,and obtain the optimal signal-to-noise ratio.Two improvement methods were proposed,which decreased greatly the end effects and increased testing sensitivity of Hall sensors,respectively.The improvement effects were validated by experimental data as well.The research results have been used in developing new MFL equipment.


Observations of the crescent moon are studied to determine why the illuminated portion does not extend to a 180-deg arc. The observations are discussed in terms of optical aids, seeing effects, and cusp brightness to examine possible explanations. Hapke's (1984) model is employed to measure lunar surface brightnesses for the present observations and those of Danjon (1932, 1936). The crescent tends to get narrower and dimmer as the moon gets closer to the sun; a model is proposed in which the visible arc length varies as a function of a particular sun-moon angle. Scatter is also predicted for the model which depends on the varying observer sensitivity and other effects. The predictions of the model are found to match all the observational data effectively. An important conclusion is that the crescent moon will be invisible when the moon is within 7 degrees of the sun.


A common goal of all dyers is to achieve the correct shade as early as the first dyeing. However, the disperse dyeing process is very complex, being characterized by the diffusion-controlled sorption of dyes that depends on several physicochemical parameters such as dye concentration and temperature of dyebath solution. The literature reveals no equation that expresses the influence of experimental and measurable parameters on the diffusion coefficient value. Thus, a mathematical model describing the evolution of this diffusion coefficient for disperses dyes as a function of time, initial dye concentration, temperature and the nature of the dyebath (finite, infinite) is proposed. This model applies to the dyeing of conventional polyester fibers and microfibers with disperse dyes. The critical discussion is developed dealing with the possibility of the model industrial application and its effectiveness.


A method for chemically attaching ultra thin polymer films through the self assembly of end silane terminated polymer is provided in this article.End trimethoxysilane functionalized polystyrene (PSt) was first prepared through radical chain transfer reaction and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).The coincidence of the calculated molecular weight of the prepared end silane terminated PSt from both GPC and NMR proved high end functionalized ratio.The self assembly behavior on silicon wafers of the obtained polymer was studied by measuring the contact angle,film thickness.The chemical characteristics and the nano scale morphology of the film were investigated with FTIR,X ray photoelectro spectroscopy (XPS),atomic force microscopy (AFM).It was found that homogeneous and complete polymer film could be formed only when the polymer concentration exceeded 1?mg/mL.The root mean roughness of the complete polymer was below 1?nm.The tribological properties of the prepared PSt film were investigated using a static dynamic friction precision measurement apparatus.The friction coefficient of self assembled PSt film against steel ball at a load of 0 5 N was in the range of 0 08~0 1 which was much lower than that for bare silicon wafers in the same experiment conditions (0 7~0 8).Self assembled PSt modified silicon wafers exhibited excellent friction reduction and anti wear behavior comparing with their bare counterparts.According to this investigation,self assembled polymer films have the prospect for friction reduction and wear resistance.


In this article, we will examine coaching leadership in connection to pedagogical leadership, the role of time in it, and the influence of both coaching leadership and time in leading educational organizations. Special interest will be given to the opportunities coaching leadership offers. Coaching has changed Finnish leadership significantly. Through coaching, people have started to have to give up their old leadership practices. The new practices are constructed on leadership based on the principles of coaching. Coaching leadership in part makes use of shared leadership whose opportunities have improved leadership further. As with other approaches of leadership, time seems to remain as an essential challenge for successful leadership also concerning coaching leadership.


A large sample of carbon enhanced metal-poor stars enriched in s-process elements (CEMP-s) have been observed in the Galactic halo. These stars of low mass (M � 0.9 M� ) are located on the main-sequence or the red giant phase, and do not undergo third dredge-up (TDU) episodes. The s-process enhancement is most plausibly due to accretion in a binary system from a more massive companion when on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase (now a white dwarf). In order to interpret the spectroscopic observations, updated AGB models are needed to follow in detail the sprocess nucleosynthesis. We present nucleosynthesis calculations based on AGB stellar models obtained with FRANEC (Frascati Raphson-Newton Evolutionary Code) for low initial stellar masses and low metallicities. For a given metallicity, a wide spread in the abundances of the s-process elements is obtained by varying the amount of 13 C and its profile in the pocket, where the 13 C(�, n) 16 O reaction is the major neutron source, releasing neutrons in radiative conditions during the interpulse phase. We account also for the second neutron source 22 Ne(�, n) 25 Mg, partially activated during convective thermal pulses. We discuss the surface abundance of elements from carbon to bismuth, for AGB models of initial masses M = 1.3 – 2 M� , low metallicities ([Fe/H] from 1 down to 3.6) and for different 13 C-pockets efficiencies. In particular we analyse the relative behaviour of the three s-process peaks: light-s (ls at magic neutron number N = 50), heavy-s (hs at N = 82) and lead (N = 126). Two s-process indicators, [hs/ls] and [Pb/hs], are needed in order to characterise the s-process distribution. In the online material, we provide a set of data tables with surface predictions. Our final goal is to provide a full set of theoretical models of low mass low metallicity s-process enhanced stars. In a forthcoming paper, we will test our results through a comparison with observations of CEMP-s stars.


Antibiotic contamination has become a serious global problem due to abuse and misuse. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient detection method to monitor the rational use of antibiotics. In this study, fluorescent gold nanoclusters with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid as ligands (MUA-AuNCs) were synthesized by a one-step method firstly. Rare earth ions (Re3+) can enhance the fluorescence of MUA-AuNCs through inducing the aggregation of MUA-AuNCs, but antibiotics decrease the fluorescence of the Re3+-MUA-AuNCs to different degrees through coordination with Re3+ and competitive absorption with AuNCs. Therefore, a sensor array was obtained on the basis of the above mechanism, which can detect and discriminate six different antibiotics with a detection range from 40 to 300 μM. A 100% correct classification was achieved. The fluorescent sensor array showed high selectivity for tetracycline antibiotics and good anti-interference performance was demonstrated. Combined with pattern recognition methods, the proposed sensor array can be used for the discrimination of different antibiotics and binary antibiotic mixtures. Furthermore, the excellent performance of this sensor array in quantitation and blind sample recognition further validates its potential for practical applications.


This paper presents a synopsis of key methodological strands, focal points and positions in scholarly discussions on digital anthropology, virtual ethnography or internet ethnography, as they have ...


THE purpose of this brief note is to relate some points I made in an earlier discussion of this subject' to R. Dangel's 'Der Kampf der Kraniche mit den Pygmaen bei den Indianern Nordamerikas' in Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni, 7 (1931), 128-35. A footnote referring to this article was accidentally omitted from my discussion when it was printed. Dangel briefly discussed variants of the Pygmy tale among the following North American Indians: Qatlk'ltq, Tlatlasik'oala, Tsimshian, SitkaTlingit, Blackfoot, Gros Ventre, Crow and Zunii.2 He also summarizes a Central Asiatic version of the tale: 'In einer Geschichte der Karagassen kommt ein Mann am Rand der Welt zu einem Volk, das auf Hasen reitet; es sind also Zwerge; wie auch daraus hervorgeht, dass sie von ihren Feinden, den Zobeln, getotet werden. Der Mann totet einen Zobel und erringt dadurch ihre Freudschaft' (p. 133). On the same page Dangel goes on to assert that the Pygmy tale originated in Central or North Asia 'von wo es einerseits in den Lebensraum der antiken Kultur, anderseits nach Nordwestamerika gewandert ist'. Y. H. Toivonen, in his 'Pygmaen und Zugvogel' Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 24 (1937), reviewed Dangel's North American Indian evidence (pp. 112-15) without offering an alternative to Dangel's theory about the geographical area in which the tale might have originated and its possible avenues of dissemination, but he correctly observes (p. 126) that D's theory is not proven. It would indeed be an attractive hypothesis that posited the spread of the tale from Central Asia to the Far East and from there to the north-west Pacific coast of America, perhaps via Bering Strait. However, one apparently isolated Central Asiatic variant is clearly insufficient to support such a theory, and, as I explained on page 123f of my article, the earliest Chinese variants of the tale situate the action of their respective narratives in the area of the Mediterranean (Roman Syria) which in itself strongly suggests a line ofdiffusion from West to East. Dangel's Central Asiatic variant is therefore probably only one more link in this chain of variants stretching from (Homeric) Greece to China.3