The paper determines the major development tendencies in folkloristics reflected on the pages of the XIX century Arkhangelsk periodicals. Peculiarities of the initial genre classification of folklore and the basic themes of publications are given, districts and provinces characterized by the folklore material abundance are singled out, researchers and collectors who have made a great contribution to the folkloristics development of the Arkhangelsk province are designated.


Torque teno virus (TTV) is an emerging zoonotic DNA virus that is frequently detected in many vertebrates,including humans and livestock.At present,there is little information available on the prevalence of porcine TTV (PTTV) in China.In order to determine the epidemic status of PTTV in China,detection of PTTV genotype 1 (PTTV 1) and PTTV genotype 2 (PTTV 2) in 191 samples from diseased pigs collected from nine different regions was performed.The results showed that out of these 191 samples,147 (77.0%) were positive for PTTV,131 (68.6%) were positive for PTTV1,103 (53.9%) were positive for PTTV2,and 87 (45.5%) were positive for both PTTV1 and PTTV2.Further analysis revealed that infection rates of PTTV from different farms,different sample types,and different ages varied.Forty-one serum samples from healthy pigs were also detected.The results showed that out of these 41 samples,18 (43.9%) were positive for PTTV,15 (36.6%) were positive for PTTV1,10 (24.4%) were positive for PTTV2,and 5 (12.2%) were positive for both PTTV1 and PTTV2.These results indicate that PTTV has a significantly higher prevalence in diseased pigs than in healthy pigs (P0.01).Whether PTTV plays a role in swine disease or has a synergistic effect with other pathogens should be further studied.


Mindworks is intended for the lay reader. To quote from the Preface, it "is an unusual self-help book in that it tells you what you already know" (p. v). Linden further offers, "Mindworks is an owner's manual for the mind. It will show you a number of techniques, all very simple, for allowing you to make maximum use of the strengths and resources you already have" (p. xi). To this end, she has succeeded admirably. The text is clear, easy to read, and precise, while the entire scope of NLP is covered for the general reader. Clinicians new to the NLP model or those with passing familiarity can also use her text as an introduction or as a refresher. The structure of Mindworks follows the seven presuppositions or premises of NLP, namely:


Atrial fibrillation is the most common abnormal heart rhythm seen in clinical practice. Non-invasive analysis of the rhythm is difficult because the atrial component of the body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is small relative to, and is often masked by, the ventricular component. The presentation will discuss the application of algorithms, including principal component analysis and independent component analysis, for extracting the atrial activity from the ECG. (20 pages)


The progress of information technology (IT) and the need for global distribution of geospatial information and remotely sensed imagery create strong needs for web-based geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing facilities (Tsou and Buttenfield, 1998; 2002; Limp, 2001). This paper introduces a webbased remote sensing application that can provide advanced image comparison and processing functions for natural habitat conservation and environmental monitoring. This project is one of several ARC projects supporting the Environmental Monitoring Focus Area being developed at San Diego State University in response to NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) program at ARC Universities. This program is an infrastructure support project to provide basic operational remote sensing capabilities to a diverse user community of resource managers.


BACKGROUND
Chinese and South Asians are among the fastest growing minority populations in Canada; however little is known about the burden of cancer in these populations.

OBJECTIVE
The objective is to examine survival rates for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in women within these two ethnic populations, as compared to the BC general population.

METHODS
Survival rates were calculated for three time periods in the Chinese, South Asian and BC general populations, using the BC cancer registry. Ethnicity within the registry was determined using surnames.

RESULTS
Survival rates for female breast, cervical and colorectal cancers have improved over time in all three population groups, however general differences were found among the groups. Chinese women had higher survival rates than both South Asians and all BC women for breast and cervical cancer, and intermediate survival rates between South Asians and all BC women for colorectal cancer. South Asian women had the highest survival rates for colorectal cancer, similar survival rates to all BC women for breast cancer, and lower survival rates for cervical cancer.

INTERPRETATION
Differences in the observed survival rates may be explained by variations in screening and early detection, treatment practices, and cancer biology. This is discussed more fully for each cancer site.


Using comparative method on the material of novels "The Serious Game" by Hjalmar Soderberg, "Benny and Srimp" by Katarina Mazetti, "A Winter in Stockholm" by Agneta Pleijel and "Small Yellow Lemons" by Kajsa Ingemarsson the author reveals culturally significant topics: children, family relations and an opposition of city and country. Furthermore, such feature as prepotency of a female perspective on vicissitudes of life, regardless of the fact if a woman is the main character or not, is revealed in the report. Setting a goal to define, what facts of life are forming the Swiss identity, the author comes to the conclusion that they are: women's intellectual supremacy, which is shown in the texts, extreme individualism, painful attitude towards childbearing. The opposition of city and country as a display of gender expression proved to be the most important issue in the novels.


Identifying the knowledge students must learn in order to understand the complex environment of which they are a part is essential.


Two cases of mentally handicapped patients, who developed delusions of passion, are described. The relationship of these cases to de Clerambault's Syndrome, and their pathogenetic features, are discussed.


Ben McFarlane The argument of this chapter is that the distinction between form and substance is crucial to understanding and justifying the distinction between common law and equity and, more fundamentally, the distinction between two different types of legal rule. The terms 'form' and 'substance' are used here in a particular sense: 'form' refers to the type of legal relation arising from the parties' dealings and the application of particular rules to those dealings; 'substance' refers to the effect in practice of such dealings and rules. The argument here is not based on the notion that 'equity looks to the substance not the form'. In fact, this chapter asserts something close to the opposite: the key to understanding much equitable intervention in the law of obligations lies in paying very close attention to the form of the legal relations involved. Three main points will be made. First, in seeking to...


[Objective] To clone and express 2-O-sulfatase gene from Flavobacterium heparinum.[Method] The 2-O-sulfatase gene was amplified with PCR from the genomic DNA of Flavobacterium heparinum,and it was linked into expression plasmid pET-28a after sequencing,then the recombined plasmid was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).[Result] The recombined pET-28a(+)with the PCR product of 2-O-sulfatase which was confirmed by DNA sequencing was successfully constructed.The expression product of the recombined plasmid pET-28a in E.coli BL21(DE3) was tested by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.[Conclusion] The 2-O-sulfatase gene from Flavobacterium heparinum has been cloned and expressed successfully.These findings provide a framework that enables the use of 2-O-sulfatase as a tool for the determination of GAG and its degradation products' fine structure.


Digital rock physics (DRP) has been widely used as an effective approach for estimating the permeability of porous media. However, conventional implementation of DRP requires the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) pore networks, which suffer from intensive memory and underlying uncertainties. Therefore, it is highly significant to develop an approach only based on two-dimensional (2D) cross-sections of parent samples without 3D reconstruction. In this study, we present a novel approach that combines the Kozeny–Carman equation with fractal theory to derive a bridge function that links 2D cross-sectional images and 3D pore structures of parent samples in flow equivalence. Using this bridge function, we predicted the physical properties of the parent samples, including the permeability, bulk porosity, tortuosity, and pore fractal dimension. To validate our model, we performed Lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations on nine carbonate samples and compared the LB simulation results with our model's predictions. We also compared our predicted results with available data on various porous materials, such as sandstone, glass beads, and carbonate, in the literature. Our findings demonstrate that without reconstructing 3D pore networks, our method provides a reliable estimation of sample permeability using 2D cross-sectional images. This approach not only simplifies the determination of sample permeability in heterogeneous porous media but also sheds new light on the inherent correlations between 2D cross-sectional information and 3D pore structures of parent samples. Moreover, the derived model may be conducible to a better understanding of flow in reservoirs during the extraction of unconventional onshore and offshore oil/gas.


Abstract : Nordsieck's Monte Carlo method of evaluating the Boltzmann collision integral made possible for the first time solutions of the non-linear Boltzmann equation for many kinetic theory problems of interest. The paper summarizes an extensive series of numerical calculations directed toward understanding and evaluating the various errors in these solutions. A generally useful method is described that permits estimation of the random or Monte Carlo part of the error in any quantity derivable from the computed values of the velocity distribution function or from the two parts of the Boltzmann collision integral. Some of the systematic errors can be evaluated. The errors in the velocity distribution function, in the collision integral and in moments of each of these function are discussed for two problems of physical interest for which the Boltzmann equation has been solved by the Monte Carlo method on the CDC 1604 computer, namely, for the pseudo-shock and the shock wave. In the solution of the shock problem for a Mach number of 2.5, the random errors in the velocity distribution function and the collision integral amount to 2% or less, and random errors in the moments of these functions range from 0.03 to 2.7%. (Author)


Activated carbon has been prepared from molasses, a natural precursor of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry in Morocco. The preparation of the activated carbon from the molasses has been carried out by impregnation of the precursor with sulfuric acid, followed by carbonization. The adsorption capacity, the BET surface area, and the pore volume of the activated carbon were determined. The micropore volume was assessed by Dubinin- Radushkevich (DR) equation. The activated materials are mainly microporous and show the type I isotherm of the Brunauer classification for nitrogen adsorption. The activation in steam yielded a carbon that contains both micropores and supermicropores. Analysis of the nitrogen isotherm by BET and DR methods established that most of obtained carbons are highly microporous, with high surface areas (≥1200 m 2 /g) and very low mesoporosity.


A high-temperature measurement system capable of performing on-wafer microwave testing of semiconductor devices has been developed. This high temperature probe station can characterize active and passive devices and circuits at temperatures ranging from room temperature to above 5OO°C. The heating system uses a ceramic heater mounted on an insulating block of NASA shuttle tile material. The temperature is adjusted by a simple graphical computer interface and is automatically controlled by the sohare-based feedback loop. The system is used with a Hewlett-Packard 8510C Network Analyzer to measure scattering parameters over a frequency range of 1 to 50 GHz. The microwave probes, cables, and inspection microscope are all shielded to protect from heat damage. The high temperature probe station has been successfully used to characterize gold transmission lines on silicon carbide at temperatures up to 540°C.


No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Everyone is in favor of quality healthcare and improving it. However, to date, initially highly touted quality measures prove to be meaningless metrics in about 5-10 years. That is, when the measures are scientifically studied, they are found to be of little worth. The cycle is then repeated, i.e., new and highly touted measures are again selected and found to be useless in 5-10 years. The latest in this cycle may be the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid's (CMS) Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). The theory underlying MIPS has been that paying for quality rather than quantity will incentivize healthcare providers to improve quality. As part of the deal creating the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) MIPS was established as a pay for performance system which promised to improve healthcare while reducing costs. However, healthcare costs have continued to rise (2). Data on improvement in quality has been lacking. Now, Bond …


The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices was proposed standards to Porto Alegre (RS) children. The sample was composed by 779 children from Porto Alegre state public schools, aged from 4 years and 9 months to 11 years and 9 months. It was found a progressive increase in average scores as age increased and it was not verified differences between boys and girls. Comparing average scores between children from Sao Paulo and Porto Alegre public schools we found that the average scores from Porto Alegre children was higher, but they were lower than the scores from Sao Paulo private schools children. Percentile ranks were obtained to each age level with range of six months. Research results show the need to establish specific norms to different Brazilian regions, mainly concerning intelligence tests.


As more knowledge becomes available, positive solutions to the complicated dental care problems that have emerged in this new field will be reached, and, eventually, health care practitioners will be able to fulfill the requirements of a complete health delivery system in our correctional institutions throughout the country.


In this manuscript the authors have studied interprofessional work model for dementia care in hospitals for community-based care. As present situations and problems of dementia patients in hospitals for community-based care, 8 core categories (19 categories) were extracted and as actual situations of interprofessional work for dementia care, 8 core categories (13 categories) were obtained. The authors examined a function of interprofessional work model and practice contents using these categories. The results revealed that better interprofessional work can be expected by six specialists of nurses rehabilitation specialists, MSW, pharmacists, dietitians and care workers developing dementia care based on "Family handling function" "ADL maintenance and improved function" "Staff member education and empowerment function".


The conflicts law is the branch of the law system to designate the exercise of territorial jurisdiction by courts in different states.The traditional conflict of laws finds its conventional doctrines of application of laws are narrowly efficient to settle disputes rising from e-contracts on line.This thesis holds that,it is feasible to achieve a convention on application of laws to e-contracts,the unified criterion to settle e-contractual disputes drawn up by all states,which is the accessible approach to the issue of application of laws to e-contracts.


Financial statements provide significant information about the financial position and performance of an enterprise. In the global world, it is necessary that the information is comparable at the in...


In a remanufacturing reverse supply chain consisting of a manufacturer with random yield and a recycling business with uncertain supply, a Stackelberg game problem was studied, where recycling business determines the selling price before uncertain supply was realized, and the Manufacturer determines the order quantity. The existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium were proved, and some properties were obtained, including the manufacturer's order quantity does not depend on the recycling business's uncertain supply, and the Manufacturer 's shortage risk are larger than that with no supply uncertainty. At last, a numerical analysis was given.


A safe trajectory planning for on-road autonomous driving is a challenging problem owing to the variety and complexity of driving environments. The problem should involve the consideration of numerous aspects such as road geometry, lane-structured roads, traffic regulations, traffic participants, and vehicle physical limitations. Furthermore, dynamically changing movements of surrounding vehicles make the problem more challenging. It requires the planner's ability to react to the changes in the driving environments in real time. To solve this problem, sampling and numerical optimization-based trajectory planners were introduced. However, these methods have their own limitations in generating a safe trajectory in these dynamic scenarios. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid trajectory planning scheme to integrate the strength of the sampling and optimization methods. With the sampling method for a lateral movement, the planner can deal with various trajectories with multiple maneuvers. This helps the planner to generate a reactive trajectory in a dynamically changing environment. The numerical optimization of a longitudinal movement enables the planner to adapt to diverse situations without restriction of predefined patterns for specific driving purposes. The proposed method was implemented with an embedded optimization coder and C++ environment. Based on this, its performance was evaluated through simulation and real driving tests in various on-road dynamic scenarios.


A number of cultural theories identify, or call for the elaboration of, deeper cultural patterns that both disallow cultural invariance and constrain cultural variation. Grid-group theory identifies four cultures: hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism and fatalism. This article, which measures grid-group theory's four cultures by means of cultural biases, (1) explores the neglected relationship between sociodemographic correlates and cultural biases, and (2) tests the theory's hypothesized effects of cultural biases, controlled for sociodemographics, on attitudes toward nature, technology and human nature, and on geographical belonging and trust in institutions. The test draws on three independent surveys of the general public in Norway in the 1990s. The empirical results show that cultural biases are significantly explained by sociodemographics, and whereas convergent validity of cultural biases on selected attitudes and beliefs was acceptable, discriminant validity was weaker and more inconsistent.


Emblica officinalis (EO) a native plant of India is used in a variety of conditions and to treat a host of ailments besides being a rich source of Vitamin C. The efficacy of this fruit powder administered orally in lead induced toxicity was investigated in rats. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of lead induced and treated rats were studied in liver and kidney. The changes observed in toxic conditions were reverted to near normal values in the tissues under study thereby confirming the potential antioxidant effect of EO fruits against lead induced toxicity.


The invention relates to a hanging bracket for pouring bridges and cantilevers, in particular to a trackless hanging bracket with a traveling truss. A bearing girder of the hanging bracket is assembled by a bailey truss, and the hanging bracket adopts a right-handed pressing wheel machine for traveling. The hanging bracket is anchored by a three-anchor hydraulic anchor device. An external mould issupported, moved and adjusted by an external mould lift system and an internal mould is supported, moved and adjusted by an internal mould lift system. The hanging bracket does not need to balance weights, does not need traveling tracks and features lighter dead weight, lower cost, easy and simple operation, low labor intensity and high efficiency. The longitudinal girder of the hanging bracket is changeable in length. For the bridge, a top block of a bridge pier of which is short in length, the hanging brackets at two sides of the bridge pier can be assembled into a connected hanging bracket, so that a 1# block does not need to separately adopt brackets for construction.


The effects of the use of tannery sludge as soil amendment material on the heavy metal content in sorghum and millet crops in the Challawa Industrial Estate (CIE), Kumbotso L.G.A. Kano State, were studied. Five farms (each 0.25 ha in size) on which both millet (Ex-Borno) and sorghum (Kaura) crops were cultivated and fertilized with tannery wastes for a period of five years were used for the study. The farm plots were designated TS1, TS2, TS3, TS4, and TS5. Samples (shoots and grains) were collected from these farms for two consecutive years and analysed for the following metals: Cr, Cu, Co, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ni. Results show that millet crop exhibited higher concentrations of Co, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu than sorghum, indicating that with repeated applications of tannery wastes as soil amendment material, millet crops could accumulate heavy metals to toxic levels. The heavy metal content of the soils when matched against standard values, were found to be below the tolerance levels and hence posed no danger to man and livestock. Sorghum would be the most appropriate crop to be grown on tannery sludge fertilized lands as it accumulates less heavy metals than millet.


The MVDR algorithm is used to determine the initial weight vector.In view of the DOA of the other signals attained from the weight vector of the algorithm the steering vectors matrix of the interference signals are established.According to the orthogonal projection theory the steering vector of the expected signals is projected to the null space of the interference signals.The validity of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by the computer simulation.


e20652 Background: The patient-perceived usefulness of IT in oncology and the current utilization by patients could be strong predictors for the success of a coordinated care pathway (patients, cancer center, primary care) relying on IT. According to the literature, some patient characteristics could influence the responses. The goal of this study was to identify which of them had an impact to adjust the pathway according to patient preferences. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in June 2013, over seven days within seven outpatient departments of Gustave Roussy, a comprehensive cancer center near Paris (≈160 000 consultations yearly). The sample was representative of the outpatient population. We computed descriptive statistics and performed correlation analysis to investigate patients' IT usage and attitudes in relation to age, gender, socioeconomic status, social isolation, and place of living. We conducted multinomial logistic regressions using R. Results: The participation level was ...


soil conditions, including soil physicochemical composition, fertility levels, and pH values. Actinomycetes isolated from extreme habitats are able to produce biologically active substances not only under neutral conditions but also in saline, alkaline and acidic environments, which determines their importance in the biopreparations, being developed for plant protection. This study is the first to report the Streptomyces sp. strain K-541 antibiosis against the causative agents of several cereal fungal infections under various environmental conditions and the identification of the antibiotic produced. Streptomyces sp. strain K-541 isolated from extreme ecosystems of Kazakhstan was cultured under neutral (pH 7.0) and alternative growth conditions at 25.0 g/l NaCl (pH 7.2) or 2.5 g/l Na 2 CO 3 (pH 8.0). Antifungal activity was determined in agar block diffusion experiments and under paired co-incubation with phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., F. oxysporum Schlecht., F. heter- osporum Nees, F. sporotrichiella Sherb., Piricularia oryzae Cavara, Alternaria triticina Prasada & Prab-hu, A. alternate (Fr.) Keissl., Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, and Aspergillus niger van Tieghem. For antibiotic A-541 production, the strain was cultured on an orbital shaker (180-200 rpm) for 120 hours at 28  С. The antibiotic was extracted with organic solvents and analyzed using thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. The studies have shown high antifungal activity of K-541 against all the phytopathogens examined. After 72 hour incubation at 25  С the growth inhibi- tion zones were 20-56 mm in diameter depending on growth conditions which simulated different ecological niches. In co-culturing the strain K-541 and the phytopathogenic fungi, the fungal colo- nies decreased 1.8-2.7 times in diameter indicating the possibility of K-541 introduction into soil biocenoses for biocontrol of cereal fungal pathogens. High inhibition of growth was also observed under saline (2 % NaCl) and alkaline (0.2 % Na 2 CO 3 ) conditions. The antibiotic produced by strain K-541 was classified as a member of polyene group, a subgroup of the hexaenes. So strain K-541 is recognized as promising for the development of a new biopreparation with fungicidal activity against causal agents of cereal fungal infections under different environmental conditions.


Objective To assess the clinical valus of sentinal node(SLN) biopsy in Ⅰ/Ⅱ a breast cancer.Methods 33 cases of stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ a breast cancer were enrolled. 99m Tc-DX technique was used to develop the SLN,and the skin of body was labeled.During surgery,the SLN biopsy was done before the radical mastectomy.Results 30 cases had SLN development,video rate was 91%(30/33).12 cases had SLN positive and 11 cases were found positive node in axillary lymph node(ALN) biopsy.There were two cases ALN positive in 18 cases SLN negative.SLN prediction accuracy rate was 90%(27/30).Conclusion SLN idcntification has clinical valus for early breast cacer.It is a new technology,which gives small injury and high accuracy in prediction of ALN metastasis.


The surface resistance of superconducting lead at 2.868 GHz was determined from a measurement of the unloaded Q of a TE011 cavity. The results were compared to the analytical expression for the surface impedance of pure superconductors in the Pippard limit, which was worked out by Abrikosov et al. Adequate agreement was found by writing the reduced surface resistance in the form of r=A rAGK+r0, with r0 being a residual resistance and A a constant. The best fit was obtained for A = 3.0, r0=2.2×10−5 and the gap parameter Δ(0)=1.97kBTc.


A suit of granitic gneiss was recognized in the Jitang rock group from Leiwuqi area in the East Tibet.Cameca U-Pb zircon analyses suggest that the granitic gneiss was dated at 246.3±0.8Ma,suggesting the metamorphic granite was formed in the Early Triassic.The metamorphic intrusive rocks are characterized by high SiO2(68.21%~74.82%),K2O(K2O/Na2O1) and low P2O5(0.26%).ACNK are ranging from 1.01 to 1.19,belonging to aluminous-peraluminous rocks.They are enrichment of Rb,Th and U,and strong negative anomalies of Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P and Eu,with variable eHf(t)(-1.3~+3.7) and ancient tCDM(1.0~1.4Ga).These features suggest that the granitic gneiss is similar to collision type granite.The Leiwuqi granitic gneiss was most likely formed at post-collision setting in the Lancangjiang belt.They were probably generated by highly fractional crystallization of parent magma,which mixing with melts from remelting of ancient crust materials induced by mantle-derive magma underplating and mantle-derive magma melts,product of collisional orogenesis.The results indicate that magmatic growth in Lancangjiang suture during Early Triassic,and had entered a continental collision stage by the Early Triassic(~ 246Ma) in the Leiwuqi area of the east Tibet.


Previous works published by Sudo (1941) and by the present writer (1949) on sterility in barley indicate that the leading cause is non-pollination depending on the abnormal dehiscence of anthers, which resulted from their functional weakness at the flowering time. The present work dealing with the residual antumn habit has been designed to obtain an information on the mechanism of this functional weakness in flowering from the physiological point of view. When winter barley variety is sown in spring, provided completely with the necessary conditions for cancellation of autumn habit by chilling for more than 30 days at 1°C before sowing, the flowering takes place normally, , resulting in fewer occurrences of sterility. However, if the necessary conditions are not given sufficiently, that is, duration of chilling is in the range of 20 to 30 days, the flowering delays for about 2 weeks compared with that of the completely verbalized, and sterility occurs in considerably high percentage as shown in Fig. 1. [graph] Moreover, when the chilling period is shortened to less than 20 days, the plants sown in spring fail to reach ear formation in that season and the formation of leaves and tillers is extremely promoted without setting any flowers, the plants remaining the "rosette" stage. As seen from this "rosette" phenomenon, it will be obvious that vegetative growth and reproductive growth belong respectively to the essentially different phases in plant growth : The former includes the leaf growth and tillering, while the letter includes elongation of culm after the ear formation and the growth of spike. In the early stages, as the reproductive organs involving culm and eat have little, if any, ability to produce carbohydrates and other materials necessary for their growth in quantity by themselves, the materials employed for their growth are drawn from the vegetative organs consisting of leaves and roots. Then the amount of dry weight of the reproductive organs is plotted against days curves represented by Fig. 2 are obtained. The circles represent the 40 days treatment, the crosses, 20 days treatment. These curves show S figures on the whole, but nearly straight lines before and after flowering time. So the increment in dry weight per day, dWc/dt, is easily obtained by calculating the regression coefficient. In the 40 days and 20 days treatment, these values are 92.4 and 51.8 in mg. respectively. The photosynthesis is, in general, proportional to leaf area, consequently to leaf dry weight. Therefore, the quotient, dWc/Wl, where dWc and Wl denote the increment in dry weight of the reproductive organ per day and the leaf dry weight present at the measuring time of dWc respectively, comes to indicate the "transloca- [graph] tion efficiency". Indicating this quotient as percentage, 9.5 % and 4.0 % are obtained in the 40 days and the 20 days treatments respectively at the flowering time as shown in Table 1. The culm weight divided by the leaf, C/L or C. L ratio, is considered to be the mean values of translocation efficiencies which are seen in every stage of growth period between the time of estimation of this ratio. [table] C. L ratio is, for the most part, of the same meaning as the formula of BAKHUZEN'S "structural efficiency", and is of equal value to the translocation efficiency as a criterion of efficiency indicating the intensity of material migration from the vegetative organs to the reproductive ones. It is likewise a more convenient method from the point of view of experimental procedures. 1.1395 and 0.7542 are, as C. L ratios, obtained in the 40 days and 20 days treatment respectively, and they correspond fairly well with the translocation efficiencies and are as parallel with the tendencies of sterilizing percentage as the translocation efficiencies. In the present experiments, it should be noted that this C. [the rest omitted]


Actualistic taphonomy can elucidate aspects of the fossil record that would otherwise be uninterpretable. Investigation of taphonomic alteration patterns in modern cyanobacteria permits evaluation of preservation biases and decomposition timescales in the Precambrian rock record. In this study, a method for assessing alteration of filamentous cyanobacteria was developed, and cyanobacterial decomposition was evaluated during short-term (days to months) experiments. Results indicate that extracellular sheaths are more likely to be preserved than are trichomes, and that rates of decomposition are variable among cyanobacterial taxa. The effects of oxygen, temperature, and desiccation on taphonomic alteration were also investigated. Desiccation of cyanobacteria produces cell shriveling, a feature that may be diagnostic of evaporitic environments. Short-term decomposition of cyanobacteria by heterotrophic bacteria under anaerobic and aerobic conditions did not produce systematically different degradation patterns; thus, alteration patterns are of limited utility for constraining the oxygen content of depositional environments. Rapid rates of decomposition suggest that in order to achieve excellent morphological preservation, heterotrophic activity must have ceased within days to weeks of deposition. These results provide constraints on the timing of lithification for comparable Precambrian lagerstdtten.


Objective To investigate the current situation of myopia and its influencing factors in the pupils in Guiyang county of Chengzhou area so as to formulate relevant policies to prevent myopia.Methods A general survey was carried out of the 3145 pupils' eyesight of a primary school.Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 13.23%,and the myopia positive rate of female pupils(16.59%)was higher than that of male pupils(10.76%),with a significant difference(P0.01) and the myopia positive rate of the higher grade pupils was higher than that of the lower grade ones,with a significant difference(P0.01)(the myopia positive rate of Grade One was 7.23%,7.80% for Grade Two,10.25% for Grade Three,12.63% for Grade four,19.04% for Grade Five and 25.73% for Grade Six).Conclusion Heavy learning task is one of the factors inducing myopia and boys and lower grade pupils are protective factors.


Based on multiyear INTEGRAL observations of SS433 in 2003-2011, a composite IBIS/ISGRI 18-60 keV orbital light curve is constructed around zero precessional phases psi_{pr}= 0 at the maximim accretion disk opening angle. It shows a peculiar shape with significant excess near the orbital phase phi_orb= 0.25, which is not seen in the softer 2-10 keV energy band. The 40-60 keV orbital light curve demonstrates two almost equal humps at phases \sim 0.25 and \sim 0.75, most likely due to nutation effects of the accretion disk. The nutational variability of SS433 in 15-50 keV with a period of 6.290 days is independently found from timing analysis of Swift/BAT data. The change of the off-eclipse 18-60 keV X-ray flux with the precessional phase shows a double-wave form with strong primary maximum at psi_{pr}= 0 and weak but significant secondary maximum at psi_{pr}= 0.6. A weak variability of the 18-60 keV flux in the middle of the orbital eclipse correlated with the disk precessional phase is also observed. The joint analysis of the broadband 18-60 keV orbital and precessional light curves confirms the presence of a hot extended corona in the central parts of the supercritical accretion disk and constrains the binary mass ratio in SS433 in the range 0.5>q>0.3, suggesting the black hole nature of the compact object.


To explore the real‐time effects of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on hippocampus and amygdala functional connectivity (FC) in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).


The effect of several paramenters on PCR amplification for RAPD in condonopsis lanceolata were studied.The results showed that bands were clear in following conditions: Approximately 20ng of genomic DNA volume and 10 pmol primers;annealing temperature was 39.1 ℃ or 41.3 ℃;40 cycles. In results of using above PCR condition,primers that formed polymorphic bands from genomic DNA of codonopsis lanceolata among 49 primers were 20,and formed 77 number of bands, there were appeared well as the higher(average 66.5%) GC content.


The author discusses the problem of incorporating the concept of sexual pleasure into sex education. She suggests acknowledging that the concept exists acknowledging the pleasure of risk including art and literature to help explain pleasure and embracing pleasure as an all-American value.


and normal teenagers, physiological maturity of. A. S. Henderson . . . . . . . . .. Adolescents, suicide behaviour in twenty. Stephanie M. Leese . . . . . . .. —¿ , delinquency etc. and see also Young patients Adrenocortical responsiveness during courses of electroconvulsive therapy. A. Elithorn et al. Affective constitution, biochemical correlates of, among Edinburgh business executives. A. Anurnonye .. .. —¿ disorder, effect of lithium carbonate on electroencephalogram of patients with. S. R. Platman and R. R. Fieve..


In the published scientific literature one seldom finds a paper describing a failure. However, occasionally some new experimental effect is presented in a respectable scientific journal (i.e. it has passed the scrutiny of strict referees) and later on, in the light of repeated and improved experimental evidence, the claimed effect has turned out to be non-existent (i.e. the claim was 'false'). I do not intend to discuss the epistemoligical implications of such claims, but will present, in outline, a few typical cases from a broadly 'sociological' point of view. This is a very preliminary essay for a larger work in preparation. I will refer only to published material, and will only describe 'important' experiments. There are innumerable cases in the measurement of, say, atomic, nuclear and subnuclear particles, where several groups measure the same parameter and their results differ by more than the stated limits of error: thus, one or more of the measurements must be 'wrong'. But usually not much fuss is made about this. With the refinement of methods, the results more and more converge towards an accepted common value, and the problem quietly solves itself. If not all 'false' publications provoke response, it may be because they are 'unimportant': that is to say, they are not pertinent to any fundamental theory, law or model. By this definition, important 'pseudo-effects' cannot go unnoticed. On the contrary, they immediately stir up a controversy, with several groups involved: and, as we shall see later, they are typically dealt with in a relatively short time (up to two or three years). One purpose of this Note is to indicate how the physics community behaves in such cases. I have chosen examples from the quite recent history of physics. Although I thus deny myself the benefit of lengthy hindsight, I will look at a more relevant and accessible portion of history, whose witnesses are still with us. The types of 'false' effects are chosen in order to exemplify various interesting situations: (a) an attack on a well-established modern theory (special relativity); (b) discovery of a predicted new force (gravitational waves); (c) indirect attack on the basis of modern quantum electrodynamics;


(In 1950 only II received treatment; in 1949, one; and in 1940 to 48, none.) There seems general agreement that medical and psychiatric treatment offers little more than a palliative and contributes nothing to the control of addiction, so steady is the influx of willing victims. At Lexington, Kentucky, a Federal Hospital is maintained for the treatment of addicts, but 40% of all "cured" addicts returned as a result of relapses-and the percentage of recidivists is likely to be even greater, for many do not apply for treatment. Education of youth, useful diversion of interests, firm control and strict punishment will all help to restrict the illicit sale of these drugs, but only a tightening of imports and of production restrictions can stop the dope racket-and this must be on a Federal level to be effective. Though the main sources of opium are, as of old, Mexico, Iran, India, Turkey, Thailand and China, Italy is the new menace in the more dangerous heroin trade. Italy, Japan and Turkey manufacture enough heroin to supply the illegal market with 90 million caps per annum, and America finds her customs men form a very thin line indeed when spread along her 5,000 mile coastline and faced with the world's vast maritime personnel. The problem is, indeed, a tough one.


Enough vocabulary is a basis in language skills,vocabulary teaching is one of the main contents in college English teaching.However,vocabulary learning is almost becoming an insuperable barrier for every university student,the conceptual metaphor theory in cognitive linguistics brings many beneficial inspirations to vocabulary teaching.This article discusses how to put this theory into college English vocabulary teaching from the perspective of cognitive metaphor,and the author points out that we should focus on the basic vocabulary,understanding multiple-meaning words through metaphor,paying attention to the cultural differences,and using metaphor to master new words.The purpose is to improve students' metaphor ability and promote students to learn vocabulary efficiently.


In the theoretical framework of corporate governance, this article studies the efficiency of the control exerted by the ownership structure and the board of directors on managers for the purpose of privileging investment in R&D. This efficiency is sensitive to national systems of governance. Tests realized on a sample of 531 U.S., Japanese and French firms with the canonical method corroborate the existence of positive relationships between concentration of ownership, the internal administrator dominance and the non-dual structure on the one hand, and the investment in R&D, on the other.


This paper focuses on the thrust ripple reduction in permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLMs), which are applied to laser cutting machines. To meet the high-precision performance requirements of laser cutting machines, a novel auxiliary suppression device, tuned viscoelastic damper (TVD), is designed to reduce the thrust ripple of PMSLM. First, TVD is designed with the structure and motion characteristics of PMSLM. The PMSLM with TVD is an integrated structure. Then, the equivalent magnetization method is used to analyze the PMSLM thrust, which is the excitation of TVD. Under the excitation of the PMSLM thrust, the damping force of TVD is expressed by the Kelvin model and validated by finite-element analysis (FEA). Subsequently, the thrust of PMSLM with TVD is obtained by adding the PMSLM thrust and TVD damping force. Finally, the thrust ripple rate is selected as a performance index of TVD in reducing the thrust ripple. Simulation is performed to confirm the theoretical analysis. A prototype of PMSLM with TVD is manufactured and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed auxiliary suppression device.


Sir, A 62‐year‐old hypertensive male, known case of Parkinson's disease was found to have a suspicious aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery (AcoA) region on magnetic resonance imaging brain. We performed cerebral angiography using biplane fluoroscopic guidance (Axiom Artis Zee; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) which revealed dysplastic aneurysm (6 mm × 5 mm × 4.8 mm) in the AcoA associated with double fenestration of proximal A2 segment of left ACA. In view of dysplastic broad neck aneurysm with multilobed morphology, we planned endovascular stent‐assisted coiling. Distal landing zone of the Neuroform Atlas Stent (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, USA) was in the A2 segment of left ACA distal to the fenestration. Stent was deployed through the medial limb of fenestration and proximal up to the A1 segment across the neck of the aneurysm. Stent placement through the medial‐most limb of the fenestration was done to provide good apposition of the stent across the aneurysm neck. On final check angiography, there was near‐complete occlusion of aneurysm with stasis of dye in the teat in late arterial phase [Figure 1a‐d]. There was also associated infraoptic course of anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Left ACA (A1 segment) had a low origin below the ophthalmic artery with horizontal and medial course from the origin. Left ophthalmic artery was arising from the internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation [Figure 2a‐d]. The patient was discharged without any neurological compromise and was advised 6 months follow‐up check angiography. The uniqueness of our case is that it is the first case report of infraoptic course of ACA with its coexistence with extremely rare anomaly of double fenestration of dominant A2 segment of ACA with associated dysplastic aneurysm.


A method for direct observation of the panel (10a) of the image produced by a digital micromirror device (10b), a digital micromirror device (10b) to the open or closed position by tilting tiny mirror elements (11) to generate an image. Panel (10a) has a number of parallel and closely spaced to each other with an optical fiber (12). The top and bottom surfaces fiber end faces (12) of the panel (10a) of. Each fiber (12) of the two end faces an open position with a root angle of the mirror element (11) is to be determined separately. This only by those mirror elements in an ON state, the light to propagate down the optical fiber (12), and reflected back to the observer.


ground was a desirable location for the new homes of elite families, and the ruins of the fort quietly disappeared in the early twentieth century. Elsewhere, commercial development has covered much of the area where the fight for Knoxville took place, but Hess documents what evidence remains. For example, he notes that a house with bloodstained floors that served as a hospital is well preserved, "nestled behind a Taco Bell fast-food restaurant" (288). The Knoxville Campaign is a valuable contribution to Civil War scholarship and accessible to a general audience. The engaging writing is enhanced by more than twenty maps and more than thirty photographs and illustrations. Additionally, supplemental materials at the end of the book include detailed orders of battle to the regimental level and another appendix describing the Union defensive works at Knoxville. The book is a useful guide for those wishing to visit the scenes for themselves, as well as a striking reminder of both the fragility and durability of Civil War memory. Paul E. Coker University of Tennessee


*We would like to acknowledge Professor Emeritus Mavis Mann Reeves of the University of Maryland for her contributions this program and for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. 1. The doctoral student participants in this program are referred to as "Fellows" to distinguish them—in skill level and focus—from the undergraduate and M.A.-level interns that abound in state and local government agencies, and particularly in state legislatures. 2. Of the five students in the program every year, from one to three have already earned their M.A.S. 3. Fellows are paid by the University, not by the office in which they are placed. Because the office does not have financial responsibility, the imperative to "responsibly" (e.g., fully) use the available talent may be minimized. 4. There is also a third option in which the Fellow works on a primary project and assumes additional staff responsibility. This approach has proven to be successful in allowing student both to have specific responsibilities and to be integrated into the organization. The caveat here concerns workload. Because the student has responsibilities that are not relevant to determining the workload of other staff members (e.g., coursework), the Fellow and the program director must take care to insure that the student will not be overloaded by responsibilities. A hybrid approach to onsite learning offers the most opportunity to the student, but it is likely to be a demanding experience, and must be carefully considered by all involved parties. 5. Which is not to say that tasks are not completed. Indeed, without exception, the Fellows have all accomplished the tasks set out in their discussions with their mentors, and have all received glowing on-site evaluations. Many have been asked to continue their duties for compensation after completing their Fellowships. 6. See Brace and Jewett (1995) for a fuller discussion of this literature. 7. Qualitative research is generally understood to mean "case studies." Indeed, the opportunity to develop any one of several different types of case studies (including the illustrative case study, the exploratory case study, and the program implementation and/or effects case study) is notable. See GAO (1990) for more on the various types of case studies. It should be noted, however, that experiential education also provides substantial opportunities for other types of qualitative research that may be useful to the political science researcher, including oral histories and ethnographies.


Here, I show a possibility that the geo-electrochemcal systems in the early-ocean hydrothermal vent environments worked as an effective means of precipitation and concentration of zero-valent forms of the transition metals (e.g., Ag0, Cu0, Fe0, Pb0), thereby provided catalytically favorable conditions for the chemical evolution of life.


Assessing patients clinically through taking the history and performing a physical examination provides the basis for safe and effective clinical practice. Doctors new to general practice can find it difficult to undertake an effective clinical assessment in under 10 minutes, while not missing serious illness. This article outlines strategies for assessing patients in a focused yet patient-centred way and discusses areas that can be particularly difficult.


Further enhancements to Monte Carlo and Self-Consistent Field Theory Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) simulation capabilities implemented in GLOBALFOUNDRIES are presented and discussed, along with the results of their applications. We present the simulation studies of DSA in graphoepitaxy confinement wells, where the DSA process parameters are varied in order to determine the optimal set of parameters resulting in a robust and etch transferrable phase morphology. A novel concept of DSA-aware assist features for the optical lithography process is presented and demonstrated in simulations. The results of the DSA simulations and studies for the DSA process using a blend of homopolymers and diblock copolymers are also presented and compared with the simulated diblock copolymer systems.


Upper Sind River basin is one of the important river basins for agricultural dominant activities in India. Due to the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change Upper Sind river basin facing water scarcity. A Semi-distributed model SWAT was selected for effectively manages the water resources. Model calibration and uncertainty analysis were performed with Sequential Uncertainty Fitting of SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programme. Results showed that pfactor was 0.73 and r-factor was 0.42 in calibration period (1992-2000) while pfactor was 0.42 and r-factor was 0.36 in validation period (2001-2005). When values of p-factor and r-factor are accepted, further goodness of fit quantified by the coefficient of determination and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient between observed and final best simulated data. Results indicated that R 2 was 0.82 and NS was 0.80 in calibration period, while R 2 was 0.96 and NS was 0.93 in validation period.


Exclusive semi-leptonic transitions of {ital D} and {ital B} mesons are investigated within the relativistic quark model approach. The formfactor dependence of decay rates and spectra in semi-leptonic transitions is studied with emphasis on polarization effects in {ital B}{r arrow}{ital D}*{ital l}{bar {nu}} and {ital D}{r arrow}{ital K}*{ital l}{nu} decays.


Haploid green shoots from long term subculture were used to study the effects of colchicine on diploidization of haploid green shoot clones. The results indicated that: (1 )When the haploid green shoots were shooked with sterile colchicine solution at concentration of 500 mg/L for 48 hours, the frequency of diploidization was 60% ~ 75%. The longer the treatment time or the greater the concentration of colchicine solution was used, the gnater the frequency of diploidization was reduced; (2)The frequency of diploidization at callus stagecould be as high as 96% ~ 100%. However, the frequency of diploidization of green shoot callus could be 74%; (3 )The frequency of diploidization in Indica rice increased from 3.3% to 6.6% with MET(2.5 mg/L)solution.


This paper presents an overview of ongoing research into the development of an integrated framework aimed at adaptive co-ordination of emergency response to dynamic, fast evolving and novel events on a large-scale. The framework consists of (i) a decision support system, supported by rapid adaptive search methods, to enable the real time development of tailored response plans including emergency responder team composition and task allocation to these teams, and (ii) an agent-based simulation of emergency response to large-scale events occurring in real geographical locations. The aim of this research is to contribute to understanding how better agent-based simulation coupled with decision support can be used to enable the effective co-ordination of emergency response, involving the collective efforts and actions of multiple agencies (ambulance services, fire brigades, police forces and emergency planning units), to rapidly evolving large-scale unprecedented events.


HPLC was used to determine of β-sitosterol in edibile oil with β-sitosterol as the standard. The sample was saponified in KOH-EtOH at 70℃ for 1h. The remains, removed from (n-hexane) in heated water and then dissolved in methyl alcohol, was analyzed with HPLC. The recovery was in 95.5%~104.5% .Our results indicated that β-sitosterol could be separated satisfaction within 10 minutes.The method is accurate and efficient.


In this chapter an attempt has been made to discuss the human development status of SC and STs in Mysuru district of Karnataka. The objective of the chapter is to examine the status of the Human Development among SC and STs in Karnataka and Mysuru District. Against this background, the chapter has been discussed the status of SC and STs in the human development indicators such as education, health and income in the state. This picture mapping of the global, national and state has been made by utilizing the available secondary data collected from various sources like Census of India 2011, Mysuru District Human Development Report 2014, UNDP Reports 1990-2011, Economics Survey of Karnataka 2011-12, India Human Development Report 2011: Towards Social Inclusion (HDR 2011), Zilla Panchayath and different line departments of the state administration.


This paper calls for the standardization of the speech communication basic course at large universities where many sections are taught a semester by graduate students and adjunct faculty. The paper discusses the faculty vision for a standardized basic communication course and suggests that standardization is one, of the ways that communication faculty can ensure that speech communication as a discipline can become known for its substantive, integral nature. The paper offers a rationale for standardizing the basic course and discusses what constitutes a standardized course, i.e.: (1) a syllabus designating a minimum number of required chapters from a text/workbook; (2) activities with criteria for grading; (3) tests created by a director or combination of faculty; (4) a teacher-training seminar; (5) feedback from instructors; (6) analyzed statistics regarding attendance and grades; (7) director-analyzed results of instructor and student quantitative and qualitative evaluations; and (8) a central testing center with tests given on approximately the same dates. Arguing that the public must be educated about the discipline, the paper calls for a continued active and high-profile view of communication from its professional organizations. The paper concludes with some predictions and projections. (TB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *..,**************************************************************** PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY )11/f21: TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER ERIC).. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Olhce oI EducehonaI Resesith end Unpoovernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Vcnis document has been reproduced as received horn the Dation Or otganaatton originating it Minor changes have been made lo improve reproduction quIllity Points& sue,* or opinions slated in this docu ment do not necessarily reprellent Official OERI posthon 01 pottcy *Issues in Standardizing the Basic Course in Communication: Faculty Visions Versus Administrative Realities Now and in the Future Lynda Dixon Shaver, Ph.D. Assistant Professor in Speech Communication Indiana University South Bend PO Box 7111, 101 Northside Building South Bend, Indiana 46634


A new national quality assurance agency is about to commence operations. This article looks at the background to the new agency and at its immediate agenda, in which the recommendations of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education ('The Dearing Committee' are likely to bulk large. The article suggests a number of issues which the new agency will need to resolve if it is to prove more durable than its predecessors, the Higher Education Quality Council and the Quality Assessment Divisions of the English and Welsh Higher Education Funding Councils.


We revisit the age and typological character of "Pox Pottery" that was reported in the 1960s by Charles Brush who considered it to be uniquely early (~2440 BC). Investigating the same two sites in coastal Guerrero where Brush excavated, we recovered Early Formative ceramics, some with the "pox" attribute. Here, we report potsherd frequencies for these deposits at both sites according to regional ceramic typologies, as well as AMS 14C dates used to establish a Bayesian stratigraphic chronology for each site to better constrain the age of these Early Formative period deposits. We argue that "Pox Pottery" is not a ceramic type per se and that the "pox" attribute occurs in multiple Early Formative period ceramic types. The earliest pottery is similar to other Red-on-Buff ceramic traditions from the Central Mexican Highlands and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Our chronological work demonstrates that these ceramics date between 1820 and 1400 cal BC, consistent with other recent studies indicating an early age of Red-on-Buff ceramics and suggesting shared cultural traditions distinct from the contemporary Locona interaction sphere that emerged in parallel.


This study involves an assessment of subsoil parameters necessary for design of building foundation and to determine the bearing capacity of the area. Two (2) number boreholes were drilled to a maximum depth of 20m below the existing ground level. The soil stratigraphy encountered in the area revealed a near surface stratum of soft reddish brown lateritic clay to a depth of 10.0m below the ground surface. Between 4.0 and 6.0m below the existing ground level, the clay soil becomes gravelly, and sandy between the depth of 7.0 and 10.0m. Below 10.0m, the lithology changes to a loose sand formation. This loose sand increases in density with depth to become medium dense sand at a depth of 17.0m below the existing ground level. This medium dense sand formation continues to the final depth of the investigation. The laboratory analysis showed that the near surface lateritic clay has undrained shear strength between 43 and 72 kPa with a mean value of 58 kPa. The sand stratum has SPT (N) value between 4 and 27. Ultimate bearing capacity of between 350 and 450kPa was calculated for raft foundations founded at depths between 500mm and 1.0m, hence allowable bearing capacity of between 110 and 150kPa using a safety factor of 3. It is recommended that the estimated settlement from the raft foundation is expected to be within acceptable limits.


Histochemical investigation of lectin-binding sites was carried out on basal cell epithelioma (BCE) and carcinoma (BCC) cells obtained from human skin lesions. The HRP-conjugated lectin technique was employed (Con A, for detecting glucose and mannose; RCA-1, for Gal; PNA and SBA, for Gal and GaiNAc; DBA, for GalNAc; UEA-1, for fucose; and WGA, for GlcNAc and NANA). Irrespective of histologic variation in BCE and BCC, the tumor cells exhibited rather weak binding to lectin conjugates, and the tumor cells adjacent to keratinizing epithelia in keratotic BCE displayed stronger lectin staining as compared to those in non-keratinized tumors. Some of the desquamated tumor cells found in cystic spaces of cystic BCE had the strongest reaction for the PNA conjugate. The cytochemical distribution of lectin conjugates in BCE and BCC was usually confined to intercellular materials and surface of the tumor cells, but the lectin staining was not strong. No major difference was found between tumor cells of BCE and BCC with respect to lectin-binding.


After data collection, exploratory data analysis cleans and – if necessary – preprocesses the data. This exploration stage also offers guidance on the most suitable algorithm for extracting meaningful market segments. At a more technical level, data exploration helps to (1) identify the measurement levels of the variables; (2) investigate the univariate distributions of each of the variables; and (3) assess dependency structures between variables. In addition, data may need to be pre-processed and prepared so it can be used as input for different segmentation algorithms. Results from the data exploration stage provide insights into the suitability of different segmentation methods for extracting market segments. To illustrate data exploration using real data, we use a travel motives data set. This data set contains 20 travel motives reported by 1000 Australian residents in relation to their last vacation. One example of such a travel motive is: I AM INTERESTED IN THE LIFE STYLE OF LOCAL PEOPLE. Detailed information about the data is provided in Appendix C.4. A comma-separated values (CSV) file of the data is contained in the R package MSA and can be copied to the current working directory using the command


We propose a scheme to maintain a robust radiative ground state in semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotubes. For that purpose, we employ a microcavity operating in the regime of strong coupling between the confined electromagnetic mode of the cavity and the excitonic resonance in an ensemble of carbon nanotubes. A high value of the interband dipole matrix element in nanotubes makes the light-matter interaction extremely efficient and enables the achievement of the ultra-strong coupling regime. Radiative excitonic states become dressed by cavity photons and form polariton states which experience a huge vacuum Rabi splitting. The energy of the lower polariton moves downwards and can go beneath the energy of the dark exciton, and thus the ground state of the system becomes radiative. This leads to the radical enhancement of luminescence and opens new prospectives for potential optoelectronic applications of carbon-nanotube-based structures.


This article extends the conclusions of "A Japoniste Friendship in Translation: Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty (1878–1890)" (Journal of Japonisme, 6:1, 2021), an essay dedicated to the translation and analysis of a set of French letters documenting the friendship between Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty. The present article focuses on a second set of letters sent from Hayashi to Burty while on a trip to the United States in 1887 during which he sold fourteen French paintings for Burty. Hayashi's descriptions of transatlantic voyages, the tastes and practices of American clients, and his personal reflections on travel, religion, and the tensions among French and American japonistes provide valuable insights into his character, the art market, and the social and aesthetic situation of Japonisme in 1887.


Distribution according to the contributions of production factors is associated with a series of managerial theories and methods. This paper, on the basis of the managerial requirements, identifies different entities that share the income and discusses several current salient issues of distribution. The paper analyzes how these production factors make contributions to enterprises in the perspective of risk undertaking, and discusses how income is distributed on the basis of these elements and the principles of design relevant to the incentive schemes.


Power electronics used for HVDC converters will stress a cable with a DC voltage with overlaid transients. The effect of these transients on the performance of the polymeric cable insulation is yet not known and the main purpose of this work has been to investigate the effect of this kind of voltage stress on XLPE cable insulation in water without metallic shield. Laboratory experiments were performed on a 12 kV XLPE cable aged wet at power frequency for one year at 36 kV - 6U0 before tested at DC with an overlaid transient simulating the voltage stress from a HVDC converter. During the experiments the active part of the cable samples was kept in water. The cables were examined for water tree growth. The results show an increase in the maximum length of water trees detected as a function of aging. One of the test samples broke down during the ageing.


Analysis of the design of switched-reluctance motors indicates that the significant deficiencies of switched-reluctance drives are due to the motor structure and cannot be eliminated. A promising switched-reluctance motor based on purely electromagnetic torque creation is proposed.


Turks have a lively creation that has migrated to many parts of the world. The Turkish language, by taking its share from these migrations to different parts of the world, affected and was influenced by the languages in the migrated regions in terms of vocabulary and structure. In the historical process, some words have fallen into archaic status and left their place to other words, both for linguistic reasons and by the effect of languages in interaction. One of these words is the word budun / bodun / bodan, the oldest testimony of which is found in the inscriptions using the old Turkic script (runic / runiform) from the 8th century, and includes the meaning of 'folk'. Although the meaning of the word 'people' is fixed, there are differences of opinion on the form of formation, the suffix it contains and how it should be read. In this study, it will be tried to clarify the obscure and controversial aspects of the word budun / bodun / bodan. From a methodological point of view, the structure of the word will be analyzed through the meaning it represents. In order to achieve this, there will be plenty of sample testimonies from the word sea of Old Turkic. In addition, the words related to the concept of 'folk', which are seen in the vocabulary of Old Turkic, will be emphasized in order to be seen the meaning world of the word more clearly. Then, with the guidance of semantic images, the structural explanations of the word will be passed. Afterwards, suggestions will be made on the phonological and phonetic status of the word, taking into account the characteristics of the alphabets in which the word is written. In the study, the development paths of the related word in the historical process will be followed diachronically. In addition to all these, which words were used to meet the meaning of 'folk' in Old Turkic will also be discussed simultaneously.


Objective To evaluate the method and effects of cool-tip radio-frequency ablation (RFA) in combination with portal vein embolism (PVE) in treatment of hepatocarcinoma. Methods From July 2001 to February 2002, 30 patients with hepatocarcinoma were treated with percutaneous and ultrasound-guided cool-tip RFA in combination with PVE in our hospital. After treatment, the main symptoms, AFP level and liver function were observed. Meanwhile, ultrasonography, CT scanning and biopsy were performed. Results Lipidol deposition in the edge of tumors treated cool-tip RFA in combination with PVE where remaining cancer cells were confirmed by biopsy was found in 10 patients. The abdominal pain vanished in 21 patients. In 26 patients with abnormal AFP level, the AFP level dropped to normal in 16 within 1 month after the treatment. The lesions significantly decreased in size in 26 patients and partially or completely liquified in other 10. Conclusion Cool-tip RFA in combination with PVE is a safe, effective and congenerous treatment for primary hepatocarcinoma.


The paper has two goals. First, to find out whether majority rule or a unanimous decision rule would facilitate more task conflict. Second, to develop several operational measures of task conflict. The study used an experimental design using 18 groups. The group discussions were tape recorded and coded using the valence coding system (Hoffman & Maier, 1964, 1967). Eight operational measures of task conflict are presented and used to test the main hypothesis. The results indicate that in unequal power groups an assigned majority rule facilitates more task conflict than an assigned unanimous rule or no assigned decision rule. The eight measures of task conflict are shown to be useful but require additional refinement.


PurposeNew Zealand building code may be serving its purpose to an extent, there is still a need to develop a framework to improve the use and application of building code for better building performance and services. This study aims to validate the identified parameters in the developed framework to improve building code practice in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachSubject matter experts interview was conducted with key stakeholders that use building code, standards and other associated compliance documents.FindingsThe findings from this study establish the importance of improving the building code, and the efficacy of validated framework helps to identify the areas with the most pressing needs within the building regulatory system. All the subject matter experts unanimously agreed on educating and training the building code users. Besides, the validated framework will enable the policy decision-makers in the building regulatory system to promote the use of building code and the utilisation of its potentials in reducing disaster while increasing the built environment resilience. The study concludes that the designed framework will create more robust strategy implementations to enhance innovative solutions embedded in performance-based building code.Originality/valueThis study originality centres on the practical application of an evidence-based framework for performance-based building code, standards and other related compliance documents.


Either the exhaust (20) and / or (b) intake air (11) of (a) an engine (9), the feed to the hydrogen generator with diesel fuel (18) (22), (c) a catalytic converter (28) main fluid and be mixed in the exhaust gas supplied to, or for either or reproducing (d) is a pair of NOx adsorbent traps (35, 36), hydrogen and carbon monoxide (26) produced, thereby reducing the nitrogen oxides (NOx), it is possible NOx is 0.20 g / bhp less than / hr and non-methane hydrocarbon is less than 0.14 g / bhp / hr system for supplying the exhaust (29). Water recovery device (52, 63) is withdrawn water from any effluent NOx trap even from the exhaust, intake air (11) for mixing with the fuel may be humidified. Intake air (11), the NOx trap effluent may be humidified in the bubble humidifier receiving water from the condenser to cool (76) (72) using the intake air.


The invention relates to the technical field of metal wires, in particular to an anti-bacterial anti-static composite copper fiber. The anti-bacterial anti-static composite copper fiber comprises a fiber body which is formed by winding of a red copper fiber, a brass fiber and a nano-silver fiber. The surfaces of the red copper fiber, the brass fiber and the nano-silver fiber are coated with activator anti-static agents . The anti-bacterial anti-static composite copper fiber has following beneficial effects: strength and hardness of metal fibers are effectively improved; due to anti-static agents in the kind of activators on the surfaces, antistatic performance of metal fibers is significantly enhanced; and meantime, sterilization and deodorizing effects are effectively exerted so that the anti-bacterial anti-static composite copper fiber is used for manufacturing multiple metal fiber products.


China's impact on world politics, national economies, and financial markets means that the questions emerging around its commitment to continued liberalization and to the preservation of harmonious relations have global urgency. The speed of urbanization and modernization alone create a range of issues for China. For outsiders, speculations about the transparency and stability of its political culture and the censorship of its media are as enduring as the conflicting forecasts about what its new political leadership is likely to signify for the rest of the world. Can China's rapid growth and opening up continue, and what are current party political attitudes to 'the market', geopolitical influence, structural reform, and democratization? The call for this collection of papers, simply titled China, invited submissions on the dynamics of external and internal relations, a theme timely and relevant for 'China watchers' and the journal's regular readers. Singly and together, the articles in this issue provide fresh insights into China's diversity and vitality, and the contradictions and challenges of the momentous change it is undergoing. They make rarely accessible topics available for western academics not located in Asian, international or political studies. China's pragmatism in the making of common ground internally, and with other countries, is prominent in discussions in this selection. This emphasis is not only present in the themes highlighted by contributors but also in what the reports themselves reflect about 'doing' research on China, and on partnerships more generally. All but two of the articles are the result of research collaborations. The collection includes articles directly addressing China's soft power and cultural diplomacy; and others dedicated to understanding how increased popular access to communication technology and social networking are affecting the modus operandi of centrist power. The two themes converge: as power shifts of an unprecedented kind are shown to be emerging in China, the developing uses of the Internet by Chinese citizens can also be regarded as exercises in soft power.


ABSTRACT Child-Centered Group Play Therapy (CCGPT) has been shown to be an effective, developmentally appropriate, and efficient mental health treatment for young children. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore six play therapists' perceptions of conducting CCGPT in four elementary schools. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: Internal Responses During Clinical Experiences, Perception of CCGPT (subthemes: Benefits, Challenges, Comparison to Individual PT), and Observed Change (subthemes: Client Change, Shift in Therapist Perception of CCGPT). Results support the use of CCGPT in schools and highlight the need for counselor training in CCGPT.


During the Costello era, Australian Budgets under-estimated tax receipts for the upcoming fiscal year on 11 out of 12 occasions. The Swan–Hockey era saw over-estimates of tax receipts for eight fiscal years in a row. In this way, the last two decades have seen substantial serial correlation in the errors of Budget revenue forecasts, revealing an inefficient forecasting process. We improve the efficiency and accuracy of Budget forecasts of tax revenue by incorporating National Accounts data on household saving behaviour. In particular, the adjusted R2-statistic is substantially higher. Household saving behaviour also helps to predict nominal gross domestic product growth.


Objective:Maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy involves enormous changes.The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the maternal cardiovascular hemodynamic,structural and functional changes during the course of gestation by echocardiography.Methods:142healthy pregnant women were studˉied by echocardiography in left lateral decubitus position,synchronously recording EKG.Results:CO and HR increased in early pregnancy,peaked in the last weeks of pregnancy.Strike volume began to increase until midpregnancy,and remained elevated afterward.TPR decreased during all three trimesters of pregnancy,which were1044.85±318.95,992.95±174.51,926.24±170.98and853.15±187.40dynes/(sec·cm -5 )(P0.01).Conclusions:CO increases in early pregnancy,initially as a result of increased HR,followed by an inˉcreased stroke volume.There is a high-flow,low-resistance hemodynamic state during normal pregnancy.The LV contractility seems to be increased during midpregnancy,but remains in the normal range.


The microcomputer installation and maintenance is a strong practice and real-time course. In view of the current teaching status, it must be done to integrate course contents, introduce new teaching model, strengthen practical teaching link, set up rich teaching resources, break through traditional examination way, realize the teaching goal of training highly skilled talents, and then meet the demand of computer repair business for professionals.


The rootstock is the hidden (and often forgotten) half of the tree. It supplies water and minerals, and through hormonal interactions participates in overall root : shoot : fruit controlling mechanisms. Tree vigour is strongly influenced by the rootstock, with increasing evidence for effects on fruit quality and even anthracnose tolerance. Selected clonal rootstocks in particular adapt the tree to soil stresses, the most important of which are Phytophthora root rot, poor soil aeration and high acidity in the humid subtropics, and salinity and calcareous soils in drier environments. The over-reliance of the South African industry on the Mexican germplasm clonal rootstock 'Duke 7' is a cause for concern, so that the commercial release of 'Merensky 2/ Dusa' (also Mexican) by MTS is to be welcomed. Breeding and selection programmes in California, Israel and South Africa are briefly reviewed, and Whiley's newly started Australian programme outlined. A case is also made for selected Guatemalan germplasm (e.g. 'Velvick') in the humid subtropics. A range of 4 to 5 elite rootstocks, with potential for ameliorating more than one soil stress, while having commercial resistance to root rot and enhancing horticultural attributes of scion cultivars, should be our target over the next 10 to 15 years. This should ideally involve more than one partner (currently only the important MTS breeding, importation, selection and evaluation programme). Realistically however, rootstock research is longterm, expensive, not always popular with growers and funding agencies, and reliant on commitment and assured funding.


The problem of underwater passive TMA is discussed in this paper by methods of PLE(pseudo-linear estimation)and MLE(maximum likelihood estimation)using azimuths?elevation and frequency which gained from sonar.We assumed in the paper that source and observer move in two different horizontal planes in oceanic environment.Analysis of the performance demonstrates that both methods are effective to TMA in such circumstance by using information from three aspects.It shows that the nature of performance is also improved by the computer simulink.


In the presence of different cations, reactions of [SbBr6 ]3- and I2 result in a new family of diverse supramolecular 1D polyiodide-bromoantimonate networks. The coordination number of Sb, as well as geometry of assembling {Ix }n- polyhalide units, can vary, resulting in unprecedented structural types. The nature of I⋅⋅⋅Br interactions was studied by DFT calculations; estimated energy values are 1.6-6.9 kcal mol-1 . Some of the compounds showed strong photoconductivity in thin films, suggesting multiple feasible applications in optoelectronics and solar energy conversion.


Objective An inter‐shift nursing handoff report is the exchange of patient care information for evidence‐based nursing and midwifery from one nurse to another, and is a universal procedure used in hospitals to promote continuity of care. The objective of this review was to appraise and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence pertaining to the nursing handoff report at the time of shift change and make recommendations that can enhance the transfer of information between and among nurses, and by extension, improve patient care. Inclusion criteria The review considered qualitative studies that drew on the experiences of nurses at the time of inter‐shift nursing handoff in acute care hospitals, and included designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, action research, ethnographic or cultural studies.5 Search strategy The search strategy sought to find both published and unpublished research papers. An initial search of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence‐Based Nursing and Midwifery, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed's Clinical Inquiry/Find Systematic Review database was conducted. Following this, an extensive three stage search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, HealthStar, ScienceDirect, Dissertation Abstracts International, DARE, PsycINFO, BioMedCentral, TRIP, Pre‐CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, ISI Current Contents, Science.gov, Web of Science/Web of Knowledge, Scirus.com website. Included was a hand search of reference lists of identified papers to capture all pertinent material as well as a search of relevant world wide websites and search engines, such as Google Scholar and the Virginia Henderson Library of Sigma Theta Tau International. Methodological quality Each paper was assessed independently, by two reviewers for methodological quality prior to inclusion in the review using the critical appraisal instrument QARI (Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument) developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery. Results A total of 21 qualitative papers were included in the review of the 42 papers retrieved. Twenty‐one were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Findings were extracted and a meta‐synthesis conducted using JBI‐QARI. Three syntheses about the process of handoffs at the time of inter‐shift nurses' reports in acute care hospitals were derived: 1) An embedded hierarchy exists that influences the conduct of inter‐shift nursing handoffs; 2) Participating in inter‐shift nursing handoffs are a way of becoming acculturated into the nursing unit's norms, expectations and rituals; 3) The nurse is the gatekeeper of information handed off that is used for subsequent care decisions. Conclusion There is evidence to support that the current process of inter‐shift nurses' reports serves several purposes in addition to transfer of information, including the development of group solidarity. It is apparent from this review that the nurse is the gatekeeper for the flow of information regarding patient care and chooses what information to impart and act upon. Multiple ways of transferring information are recommended for the inter‐shift nursing handoff as a way to manage information decay or funneling and to address potential communication gaps due to in congruencies between the medical record, verbal handoff report and actual clinical condition. Implications for practice A consistent guideline is a prerequisite to formulating an optimal shift report given the findings of this review that the quality of information transferred is unpredictable. The guideline needs to take into consideration, not only the exchange of information, but that nurses handle patient information in personal ways. To that end, a one‐page report pre‐populated with patient demographics, recent vital signs, laboratory results, and other information which can be accessed and printed at point‐of‐care at the time of change of shift is recommended. Implications for research As external agencies continue to call for hand‐off standardization that may not, in and of itself, reduce risk, further research is needed to determine the associations between inter‐shift nursing reports and patient outcomes. Practice model initiatives, such as SBAR (situation‐background‐assessment‐results) need to be investigated to determine if these methods can prevent information loss, particularly in those areas where information decays quickly, such as the Intensive Care Unit. As well, the current shortage of nurses make the composition of the nursing team less stable with more temporary and part‐time workers resulting in a decrease in the cohesiveness and social interaction necessary to becoming acculturated in a nursing unit This could present a barrier to communication of important information and contribute to information loss that needs to be investigated.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and side effects of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). METHODS The patient with advanced NSCLC were treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin. Gemcitabine was given at a dose of 1.2/ m 2 on days1 and 8, Cisplatin 25mg/ m 2 on day 2 to 4. The schedule was repeated every 21 days ,with at least two cycles.RESULTS 43 of all the cases could be evaluated. CR 1 case ,PR 19 case, NC 20 case , PD 3 case ,the overall response rate was 46.5%(CR+PR). The main toxicity and side effects were myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting.CONCLUSION Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is safe and effective therapy for patient with advanced Non-small-cell-lung cancer.


The unitary irreducible representations of the universal covering group, SL¯ (3,R), of the SL (3,R) group are analyzed by means of the methods developed by Harish−Chandra and Kihlberg. We have found a single closed expression for the matrix elements of the noncompact generators for an arbitrary unitary representation of the SL¯ (3,R) group. The irreducibility of the representations is achieved by using the little group technique and the scalar product for each irreducible Hilbert space is explicitly given. Contraction (in the Inonu and Wigner sense) of the SL¯ (3,R) unitary irreducible representations to the corresponding representations of the T5 σ SU (2) group is discussed.


Animals can adapt to fluctuating food conditions by accumulating energy reserves and so reduce unfavourable effects of low food supply on their growth and survival. However, within the Hymenoptera, several parasitoid species have been shown to be unable to store excess energy in lipid reserves. This proposal addresses the question why these species forego the possibility to accumulate lipid reserves as an adult and what the underlying mechanism is? We propose that the lack of lipogenesis in parasitoids is not confined to adults, but has resulted from selection for lack of lipogenesis in the larval stage. Lipogenesis is energetically very costly and parasitoid larvae could energetically benefit from lack of lipogenesis if they are able to obtain compensatory lipids from their host either directly or through manipulation of the host metabolism, which is not possible for herbivorous or carnivorous larvae. To test the idea that lack of lipogenesis is unique to parasitoids because of their parasitic larval life style and to understand how parasitoids avoid detrimental effects on basic cell processes the proposed research aims at answering three research questions:


Specific topological features of the Voronoi-Dirichlet division of the crystal space M 3 , in which the symmetry of the regular point system is given by one of the space groups of the orthorhombic system, have been studied. The criteria of the occurrence frequency of space groups suggested earlier are refined. A rule is formulated according to which the topology of the space M 3 would not hinder packing of soft or hard structural groupings. The principle of close packing of structural units suggested by Kitaigorodsky is complemented with the principle of loose covering. The advantages of the suggested structure model of a crystal as a packing of deformable spheres are considered for some examples.


© 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common cause of retinal vascular disease [1]. It affects males and females equally. This disease occurs most frequently between 60 and 70 years of age, and most commonly occurs at arteriovenous crossings, where the artery and vein share a common adventitial sheath [2–4]. Patients often complain of sudden onset of blurred vision or visual field defect. Fundus reveals intraretinal hemorrhage, retinal edema and, often, cotton-wool spots in a sector of retina drained by the affected vein. The most common site is at the superotemporal quadrant [5–8]. The vision-limiting complications include macular edema, macular nonperfusion, and vitreous hemorrhage from neovascularization [9–12]. The degree of macular involvement determines the level of visual impairment. Previous treatment for this condition included anticoagulant therapy [13], sheathotomy [14,15], or grid argon laser photocoagulation [16]. Anticoagulant therapy in the management of BRVO only produced limited effects and many complications during systemic administration. The therapeutic effect of sheathotomy for BRVO is still controversial and under investigation. Currently, the Received: December 28, 2005 Accepted: April 11, 2006 Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr WenChuan Wu, Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH MACULAR EDEMA DUE TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION


Urine sample for bacterial identification and quantification of microbial systems e.g., comprising: 1) for receiving a centrifuge tube comprising a volume of 1ml pipette tip, the second volume pipette 0.5ml of the optical head and four disposable cup or cuvette several member disposable cartridge; 2) for receiving a disposable cartridge and a sample treated urine sample processor, comprising the treated urine sample was transferred to the optics cup; and 3) and means for receiving a disposable cartridge configured to analyze the urine sample type and number of microorganisms optical analyzer. A disposable cartridge comprising an optical cup or cuvette member of a sample processor, and the optics cup containing the treated urine sample or for an optical analyzer cuvette, in order to identify and quantify the presence of the treated type microorganisms in the urine sample.


Yield spatial variability in our experimental field depends on
a lot of various factors. Variable rates in site-specifics
zones, topography and nutrition content are ones from the most
important. Each from variables mentioned is influenced with one
another. Our experiments began five year ago. The crops and the
site-specifics zones changed during the years according to
yield and soil nutrition content. In the year 2006 there was
oat in this experimental field. Variable rates of nitrogen
amount (76 kg N/ha, 38 kg N/ha, 57 kg N/ha) were applied into
site-specifics zones created according to last year's winter
wheat yield. The aim of chosen variable rates was to uniform
the yield of the oat in the whole field. Nevertheless the oat
yield wasn't uniform in the end. The topography influence and
disparity in our experimental field was demonstrated by this
experiment.


Bovine frozen semen were thawed and capacitated in vitro by heparin and caffeine for 1h. The ultrastructrual changes of sperm after capacitation were observed under transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows (1) Both of the bovine sperm acrosome inner membrane and outer membrane were double layered; (2) There were various patterns of acrosome viscularization after sperm capacitation, such as fusion of plasma membrane and acrosome outer membrane, self fusion of the double layered acrosome outer membrane, invagination of acrosome outer membrane or extrudation and fusion of double layered acrosome inner membrane; furthermore several vesicularization patterns could be seen in the same sperm acrosome reaction; (3) After capacitation, the post part of the sperm head nucleous membrane without acrosome covered expanded and fused with expanded plasma membrane; (4) After capactiation, the tail membrane expanded, and the mainpiece of the plasma membrane was much more expanded than that of the midpiece part, which may be related with hyperactivation.


In allusion to the defect that the high-impedance grounded fault cannot be detected by current main protection for HVDC transmission lines, based on the detection of the first peak time of fault current(FPTFC) a new protection principle for HVDC transmission lines is put forward. Firstly, the varying characteristics of FPTFC of two polar DC buses are analyzed and simulated to obtain their common varying regularity under fault occurred inside/outside the protection zone. Based on the obtained regularity, the FPTFC of another polar DC bus in local converter substation is taken as the characteristic value of the protection for the new type of protective relaying installed on one of the two polar DC buses, thus the affect of transition resistance on protection performance can be eliminated. The function of the proposed new protective relaying is realized by two protective sections: the section I is used to identify the fault occurred inside the protection zone and its protection range is about 70% of the full length of the HVDC line connected to the polar DC bus installed with the new protective relaying; the section II is used to identify the fault occurred at the end of the HVDC line or the fault occurred outside the protection zone, thus the full length of the HVDC line can be protected by the combination of section I and section II. The validity and practicality of the proposed new protective relaying are verified by results of simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC environment.


The Biofluids Laboratory at the University of Akron has used Fluent [Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA] for image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of physiological flows since the lab's inception in 2008. Recently our group has focused on modeling of pathophysiological problems in cerebrospinal fluid motion and air flow in the trachea, in addition to past work in cardiovascular problems.© 2012 ASME


INTRODUCTION: After analyzing SEM photomicrographs from a study of initial lesions of canine OA and being unable to interpret their morphology, this research group initiated an extensive literature search on the superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage (AC), began a histochemical and immunohistochemical dissection of the SZ matrix, chemically isolated the SZ, and initiated an ultrastructure study. Great interest in the articular surface was shown by one person in the late sixties to the mid-seventies. In the mid-seventies, several scanning electron microscopists studied the structure. In the midnineties, investigators in Japan, U.S. and now in Wales have been investigating various aspects of the SZ. It appears that this global interest is warranted since the SZ may possess the key to the health, durability and possibly the regeneration of adult articular cartilage.


Young coffee plants were grown in nutrient solution from which the following elements were omitted, singly or in several combinations: nitrogen, potassium, boron and zinc. The choice of these elements was basee on the high frequency of occurrence of their deficiencies under field conditions in Brazil. The effect of single or multiple deficiencies was studied under several aspects, namely: growth, visual symptons, mineral composition. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) symptons of deficiency of nitrogen, potassium, boron and zinc can be identified even when occurring simultaneously; (2) the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, boron and zinc is markedly influenced by their supply in the substrate, as well as by the concentration of other elements in the medium; (3) cases of multiple deficiency should be taken into consideration when interpreting results of leaf analysis.


Objective To investigate the relationship between abnormal expression of costimulatory molecule CD28/CD152∶ CD80/CD86 on lymphocyte subpopulations and the immune dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Methods The expression of costimulators CD28 /CD152∶ CD80/CD86 on lymphocyte subsets in patients with AS was determined by flow cytometry.The serum levels of IgG,IgA,IgM,C-reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by rate nephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The CD3+ CD4+T cells and CD4+/CD8+ in AS patients significantly increased comparing with controls(P0.05),but the CD3+ CD8+T cells significantly decreased(P0.05).The CD28 expressed on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells,the CD152 expressed on CD4+ T cells,CD80 and CD86 expressed on CD19+ B cells in AS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(P0.05);But CD152 expressed on CD8+ T cells significantly decreased(P0.05).The serum levels of IgG,IgA and CRP and IL-6 in AS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(P0.05).Conclusions The abnormal expression of CD28/ CD152∶ CD80/CD86 on peripheral blood lymphocytes may play an important role in immune dysfunction of AS patients.