The Indonesian people had been colonized by the Dutch for 360 years. During that time, many things were done by the Dutch towards Indonesia. The policies issued by the Dutch were much influenced by the advice given by their political advisors. Political advisers (Orientalists) who are quite well known are Stanford Thomas Raffles, William Masrden, and Cristian Snouck Hurgronje. These three political advisors gave accurate advice to the Dutch government in order to influence patterns of social life in Indonesian society. In the field of religion, especially Islam, Thomas S. Raffles and Marsden argue that the teachings of Islam do not give the slightest color to Indonesian culture. Indonesian culture is purely dug out of local customs. Yet in reality, it is the teachings of Islam that characterize the lives of Indonesian people. In the political field, the Dutch were able to conquer the Aceh region on the advice of Snouck Hurgronje who had previously mastered the ins and outs of the Aceh region. In the area of customary law, Snouck with his receptie theory says that indigenous peoples basically only apply customary law; Islamic law can only apply if the norms of Islamic law have been accepted by the community as Adat law. The receptie-Snouck theory, after independence, can be broken by indigenous jurists by proposing their own theories, namely; first, the receptie exit theory by Hazairin. Second, the theory of receptio a contrario by H. Sayuti Thalib, and Third, the theory of existence by H. Ichtijanto SA.


We present the stellar and ionized gas kinematics of 13 bright peculiar Virgo cluster galaxies observed with the DensePak Integral Field Unit at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope in order to look for kinematic evidence that these galaxies have experienced gravitational interactions or gas stripping. Two-dimensional maps of the stellar velocity V, stellar velocity dispersion σ, and the ionized gas velocity (Hβ and/or [O iii]) are presented for the galaxies in the sample. The stellar rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles are determined for 13 galaxies, and the ionized gas rotation curves are determined for 6 galaxies. Misalignments between the optical and kinematical major axes are found in several galaxies. While in some cases this is due to a bar, in other cases it seems to be associated with gravitational interaction or ongoing ram pressure stripping. Non-circular gas motions are found in nine galaxies, with various causes including bars, nuclear outflows, or gravitational disturbances. Several galaxies have signatures of kinematically distinct stellar components, which are likely signatures of accretion or mergers. For all of our galaxies, we compute the angular momentum parameter λR. An evaluation of the galaxies in the λR ellipticity plane shows that all but two of the galaxies have significant support from random stellar motions, and have likely experienced gravitational interactions. This includes some galaxies with very small bulges and truncated/compact Hα morphologies, indicating that such galaxies cannot be fully explained by simple ram pressure stripping, but must have had significant gravitational encounters. Most of the sample galaxies show evidence for ICM-ISM stripping as well as gravitational interactions, indicating that the evolution of a significant fraction of cluster galaxies is likely strongly impacted by both effects.


The need for efficiency improvement of conventional class-AB-amplifiers when used with non-constant envelope modulations has set up interest in introducing switch mode amplifiers in the GHz operating frequency range. In order to be suitable for the amplification of arbitrarily modulated signals, a one-bit modulator is required at the input of the switch mode amplifier. Beside bandpass delta sigma modulation (BDSM), bandpass pulse length modulation (BP-PLM) seems to be a promising approach for this task. Here, the modulator output signal switches with the cycle of the RF-carrier signal frequency itself so that no oversampling is required, thus reducing switching losses in the amplifier. The length of each pulse is varied according to the envelope signal while the phase information is contained in the position of the pulses within the carrier period. We present here the design of a bandpass pulse length modulator circuit, capable of operating at microwave carrier frequencies above 3GHz. Measurement results for a QPSK-test signal show minimum error vector magnitudes of about 1.4 %. The modulator was manufactured in a 250nm SiGe:C-BiCMOS technology at IHP GmbH, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.


The article deals with the results of experimental studies of the load of the cutting structure of rolling cutter bit depending on the errors of its manufacture. The results of field studies of bits indicate a significant decrease in the resistance of the supports of the rollers, the elements of the cutting structure and sinking on the bit with an increase in the height of the rollers. One of the reasons for reducing the resistance of supports and cutting structure in this case is the uneven distribution of the axial load in the sections. We have tested a batch of bits to establish quantitative regularities between the accuracy of bit production and the load of the cutting structure. The difference in height of chosen bits is varied from 0,34 to 1,28 mm. We have carried out the tests on a special stand, which allowed us to determine the value of the axial force acting on the individual crowns of each cutter bit. It is established that with an unfavorable combination of the mutual position of the rollers, even within the tolerance of the difference in height, the axial load acting on one roller can change almost twice. The results of studies allow investigating the appointment of indicators of accuracy of bit production more reasonable.


We study a massless scalar field propagating in the background of a five-dimensional rotating black hole. We show that in the Myers-Perry metric describing such a black hole the massless field equation allows the separation of variables. The obtained angular equation is a generalization of the equation for spheroidal functions. The radial equation is similar to the radial Teukolsky equation for the 4-dimensional Kerr metric. We use these results to quantize the massless scalar field in the space-time of the 5-dimensional rotating black hole and to derive expressions for energy and angular momentum fluxes from such a black hole.


Background. insomnia is a common sleep disorder among older people. it is characterized by difficulty with falling asleep, problems maintaining sleep and/or waking up too early. as a result, patients may complain about physical and mental fatigue and general malaise during the day. Hence, people suffering from insomnia often look for treatment options. Objectives. to assess the frequency of insomnia in seniors; to establish the main predisposing factors and to evaluate the pharmacotherapy. Material and methods. the study was conducted in the group of 298 aged 60+ residents of lodz region, Poland. an anonymous questionnaire concerning lifestyle, sleep disorders, and hypnotics use was conducted by each patient. the athens insomnia scale – a standardized questionnaire to diagnose insomnia was also performed. Patients were allocated into 2 groups: with and without insomnia. Collected data were statistically analyzed with the use of the t-student and chi-square tests. Results. 25.8% of all patients were diagnosed with insomnia, and greater age, female sex, and mental or neurological disorders were found to be associated with insomnia in the elderly. moreover, 22.8% of all patients took hypnotics despite the fact that 41.2% of them did not fulfill the criteria of insomnia. H1-blockers (32.4%) were the most often used. Conclusions. while H1-blockers are not recommended as the first choice insomnia drugs, they are the most frequently used hypnotics. a significant group of patients take these without medical recommendation. the implementation of a simple tool for diagnosing insomnia in everyday practice would be useful.


According to the limits of working band and available volume in actual direction finding system,three typical methods of solving direction finding ambiguity are simply introduced,and the method of spatial baseline which can be used in arbitrary arrays is proposed.The performance and characters of every method are analyzed and compared by simulation.Experiment which based on virtual baseline and spatial baseline was done in actual system confirmed the feasibility of spatial baseline,combined with the simulation results we can see that the settings of baseline is flexible in the method of spatial baseline and the direction finding without ambiguity in very wide band is realizable.


Purpose: To determine the vascularity of moderately and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (mHCC and pHCC, respectively) as observed on and depicted by computed tomography during hepatic angiography and to perform pathological correlation. Materials and Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive patients with 89 hepatocellular carcinomas (61 mHCCs and 28 pHCCs) were surgically resected in our hospital. The degree of contrast enhancement on computed tomography during hepatic angiography of the tumors was classified into high attenuation (H), isoattenuation (I), and low attenuation (L). We also examined hepatocellular carcinomas measuring less than 4 cm in diameter. Pathologically, the number of unpaired arteries in the tumors was determined (×200 magnification). Results: The number of mHCC and pHCC in each degree of enhancement (H/I/L) was 59:1:1 and 19:6:3, respectively. The number of mHCC and pHCC measuring less than 4 cm without portal invasion was 48 and 15, respectively; the number of these tumors in each degree of enhancement (H/I/L) was 47:1:0 and 11:3:1, respectively. The mean number of unpaired arteries was 8.9 ± 4.4 in mHCC and 5.2 ± 4.3 in pHCC, respectively. All results were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the arterial blood supply of pHCC was lower than that of mHCC.


By means of the research methods of literature,field observation and interview,this paper makes an analysis on the situation of Miao nationality sports of time and frequency,participator and content;purposes and result by the case of Shidong town.The results show that the characteristics of original ecology and native are bright,and the effects of traditions and folk norms are obvious,and the features between tradition and modernity and independence and blend are remarkable,and the value pursuits of entertainment and communication are definite,and the traits of concentration and evaporation are apparent.


The subject we researche is, "Does the weekly lesson program affect the language learning?". Our aim is to indicate the importance of the weekly lesson program in learning. And the research we made is for understanding the importance of the curriculum on students' successes. We have choosen questionnaire method and prepared a questionnaire having ten questions that each of them includes five alternatives to be evaluated according to the percentage ratse. We have applied these questions to 57 students who are having the 9 grades (foreign language department) in Ataturk High School in Erzurum.


Pharmacist Michael Migliore turned to alternative medicine when he become a licensed acupuncturist and created Landmark Wellness Center on Staten Island, N.Y.


Summary Effects of air and soil temperatures on the regeneration of roots of P. radiata D. Don seedlings following a single root-pruning was examined under controlled conditions. Root regeneration is favoured by air temperatures in the range 20° to 30°C where soil temperature corresponds to ambient air temperature. When soil temperature is controlled independently of ambient air temperatures, low and high soil temperatures do not favour root growth irrespective of the air temperature. The most favourable temperatures for root growth are similar to those for growth of the seedling as a whole. Root morphology changes markedly with soil temperature, from thick, white, brittle roots at low temperatures to thin, flexible, suberized roots at higher temperatures. The implications of the results to some aspects of silvicultural practice are discussed.


And a display panel array substrate includes a scanning line, a data line, a thin film transistor, a first transparent electrode, the transparent protective layer and the second electrode. Interlaced scan lines and data lines to define a pixel area. The gate dielectric layer are a thin film transistor and the data lines and the scan lines overlap, and extends over the pixel area. Above the gate dielectric layer having a first region, second region and third region. The first region corresponds to at least a portion of the semiconductor layer in the thin film transistor. A third region corresponding to at least a portion of the pixel region. A second region connected to and located between the first region and the third region. The second region and the third regions of different thickness. A first transparent electrode disposed on and covers the upper portion of the gate dielectric layer of the pixel region. The protective layer is provided and covers the thin film transistor on the first transparent electrode. A second transparent electrode disposed on and covers the upper portion protective layer.


Objective: The monthly mean precipitation over India is used to investigate natural periodic wave characteristics using a novel technique of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD).
Methods: These two methods empirical mode decomposition and ensemble empirical mode decomposition are interesting approach to decompose the signals into locally periodic oscillations.
Result: The Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), will easily Identify the Embedded structures, even with those smaller amplitudes. Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition is better performed than the Empirical Mode Decomposition technique. The Empirical Mode Decomposition method was observe the mode mixing of two signals in Intrinsic Mode Function, but Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition found the distinct and clear peak of each periodic signal in each Intrinsic Mode Function.
Conclusion: In Empirical Mode Decomposition method has 11 Intrinsic Mode Functions and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition has 10 Intrinsic Mode Functions, it is due to the Noise-assisted method to reduce the Intrinsic Mode Function numbers. The decomposed oscillations in Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition are above confidence interval and significant, it has 515 iterations than Empirical Mode Decomposition method has 740 iterations. We observe the computational time is lesser in Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition than Empirical Mode Decomposition method.


Objective To investigate the intervention therapy of Jinshuibao capsule can reduce the malignant tumor chemotherapy drugs cisplatins-induced renal injury.Methods 100 cases of malignant tumors with chemotherapy regimen containing cisplatins were randomly divided into two groups,50 cases of each group,the treatment group at pre-chemotherapy,chemotherapy and the gap period, taking Jinshuibao capsule 0.99 g three times per day,compared with the control group chemotherapy patients who did not with interfere treatment, and analyze the renal function, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen,creatinine clearance,hematuria or proteinuria and quality of life situation in two groups.Evaluation of survival quality was consulted by Karnofsky(Kps).Evaluation of toxicity response was consulted by NCICTC 3.0 version.Results Abnormal renal function after chemotherapy in the treatment group was 8 cases(16%),according to renal function classification,4 cases in class Ⅰ group(8%),2 cases in class Ⅱgroup(4%),1 cases in class Ⅲ group (2%), 1 cases in class Ⅳ group(2%),and there were 10 cases(20%) with hematuria or proteinuria in the treatment group.And there were 18 cases(36%) with abnormal Renal function after chemotherapy in the control group, Ⅰ group,Ⅱ group,Ⅲ group,Ⅳ group was respectively 8 cases(16%), 5 cases(10%), 3 cases(6%), 2 cases(4%), and there were 30 cases(60%) with hematuria or proteinuria in the control group. The average improvement of KPS score for the treatment group and control group was 10.Conclusion Intervention treatment of Jinshuibao capsule can significantly reduce cisplatins-induced renal injury, while at the same time improve the quality of life and found no serious toxicity.


Written by Charlotte Gunawardena, Casey Frechette, and Ludmila Layne, and contributed to by Damien M. Sanchez and Linda Barril, this book explores the WisCom instructional design model that aims to create and maintain a culturally inclusive wisdom community in online learning environments. The model mainly consists of seven components: wisdom community, communication, technology, distributed co-mentoring, learner support, the collaborative inquiry cycle, and transformative learning. The details of all the components related to the model, the learning theories that the model relies on, and other related issues such as the development, implementation, assessment, research, and evaluation processes, are discussed. Accordingly, the explanations are divided into four sections. In the first section, some theoretical foundations of the WisCom model and the culture and wisdom concepts of the model, are discussed comprehensively. In the second section, the WisCom model and its seven components are explained in detail. Comprehensive descriptions of the assessment and evaluation methods of the WisCom model are presented to the reader in the third section, including the presentation of a variety of methods, techniques, and research examples about learning in the wisdom community. The final section covers topics such as the needs analysis, learner assessment and evaluation, design and development to create online wisdom communities among cultures, and the development of this model.


Costumer feature selection is one of the core issues of Costumer churn prediction in telecom industry. This paper proposes a hybrid two-phase feature selection method which can effectively reduce feature dimension and promote predicting performance by using both traditional expertise approach and Markov blanket discovery technique. Empirical results of a branch of a Chinese wireless telecom company show that it is a feasible and superior method for telecom costumer feature selection. The results also show better performance of our method than the method based on traditional expertise approach.


A collective, macroscopic signature to detect radiation friction in laser–plasma experiments is proposed. In the interaction of superintense circularly polarized laser pulses with high density targets, the effective dissipation due to radiative losses allows the absorption of electromagnetic angular momentum, which in turn leads to the generation of a quasistatic axial magnetic field. This peculiar 'inverse Faraday effect' is investigated by analytical modeling and three-dimensional simulations, showing that multi-gigagauss magnetic fields may be generated at laser intensities > 10 23 W cm − 2 .


This study is about the social meaning and the character of story of animal extermination, chosing the 45 extermination stories in yadamjib such as Chungguyadam, Euooyadam, Chunyaerok, Dongyahyujib, Gyuesuyadam, Kimoonchongwha, Dongparaksong, Chungyadamsu, Kumguepildam so that I study the extermination stories of animals in yadamjib. The target objects of this aminal extermination stories are tigers, foxes, snakes, eagles, wild boars, and cats. This stories vary in their subjects and manners. The tools for animal extermination are usually iron arrows without arrowheads, magic words, fires, knives, trees, stones, bamboo spears, and irons. Also the subjects are usually the popular people or animals in that ages. The people who exterminate the animals are Jeongbookchang, Jeonggooak, Seowhadam, Leebokyoung, Leesoogi, Shinhyun, Parkmyunghyun, Leewoo, Parkyup, Leeduckjae, Kanggamchan, Minchanghyuk, and the amimals are cranes, beasts, tigers, weasls, snakes, mice, hawks. 7 works are about the extermination of animals, and 38 works is the case that are exterminated by people. The story that exterminate the tigers is the most frequently treated, that is 25 works, the 13 snake works, the 5 fox works, 1 wild boar work, 1 eagle work, and 1 cat work. The objects of each extermination stories are the existence that could be a harmful for the subjects of stories, and they must be killed in that story. For example, tigers can hurt human ; kidnap the children, threat a virgin, kill father. Snakes can also hurt human directly or indirectly. Snake is famous for prosperity and fecundity, but in yadamjib, snake is a symbol for disaster and extraction. It could be the symbol of extraction to the people who earn a living by fish-breeding. Also, it could be the symbol of disaster because it is often changed to the son of man. The being of snake is not only the object of simple threat, but also the competitors for survival. In addition, the snake which eat the son of hawk is the being not only to break the silence of family, but also to be at the top of food chain. Foxes are the similar case as snakes, to be the object of extermination. The fox with 9 tales, not controled even by God, is always with disaster, eating blood and the five biscera of excellent man and telling all particular magic words. The fox that cajoled human as the human being didn't follow the rule of God, and also could be the symbol of disaster. Many characters to be exterminated in yadam are similar as the symbol of evil. Evilness is always the object to be exterminated and blamed by every human being. In yadam, they are also the object to be exterminated, and through real extermination, the people can find peace and well-being. The result from extermination differs from each works, but it is same to exterminate disasters. The traditional thoughts in old literature, rewarding the good and punishing the wicked, are also applied to yadams. The stories about animal extermination have the same contents as the traditional story, exterminating tigers, snakes, foxes of evilness. The traditional contents are valuable in seeking social rightness and human respect as well as rewarding the good and punishing the wicked. Furthermore, "extermination" can make the opportunity to let the people distract the poor and diseases by exterminating their disaster. Exterminating the symbol of disaster, like tigers, snakes, foxes can make the people peaceful and prosperous. The people must be exhausted just from living day by day. They must have been suffered from that disasters. However, we can assume that the people would feel indirectly satisfied with the fact that they can be rescued and the evil must be punished. Yadam, delivered orally and established as the written literature, already make the people feel satisfied and have hope. The story of animal extermination in yadamjib was not just for fun. It provides the opportunity to know that society situation, and the development of the interesting story can make the studier forget the boringness of the study. The works in yadamjib can stimulate the interest of students, considering the reality that manage the interesting curriculum, and it could be a good material to develop our superiority of literature and have a great sense of values.


Acknowledgments xi Maps xiii Prologue: Why Delphi? 1 Part I: Some are born great 1: Oracle 9 2: Beginnings 31 3: Transformation 51 4: Rebirth 71 Part II : Some achieve greatness 5: Fire 93 6: Domination 119 7: Renewal 139 8: Transition 163 Part III: Some have greatness thrust upon them 9: A New World 183 10: Renaissance 203 11: Final Glory? 223 12: The Journey Continues 245 Epilogue: Unearthing Delphi 269 Conclusion 285 Guide: A Brief Tour of the Delphi Site and Museum 291 Abbreviations 303 Notes 309 Bibliography 375 Index 401


Introduction Introduction of exotic resources is (and even more significantly, was) a wide-spread practice in almost every European country with a forestry tradition. It is especially so for the host country of this meeting, Great Britain, where introduced conifers play a predominant role in forestry (e.g. Samuel et al. this volume). The examples I will use in this paper, however, will be mostly drawn from French ecosystems and forests. They should be considered as models or case studies of a general European situation. I will very often use data from studies performed on Cedrus atlantica Carr. at INRA Avignon, France. An introduced resource can be defined as a resource voluntarily or involuntarily brought by humans into an area where it was not present before. The introduction of forest trees is often the result of a voluntary germplasm (seed, cutting, graft) transfer. A forest resource can be considered introduced at several taxonomic levels-the most common levels considered are species and subspecies. The species Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was introduced to Europe from North America, the subspecies Pinus nigra subsp. laricio var. corsicana Hyl. was introduced to continental Europe from Corsica. The notion can be extended to further taxonomic levels. Plant material that comes from very different regions of provenance, new improved varieties or any plant material that presents identifiable genetic differences with the native populations of the same species, would qualify as introduced resources. The concept of introduction should also be approached with space and time perspectives. Within a single country or region, resources can be both introduced and native. In France for example, Larix decidua Mill. is native in many mountain ecosystems, although its lowland forests are made of progeny introduced from the Sudeten and Poland. Pinus pinaster Aiton is introduced in the inland part of the Landes region (19th century plantations), and native to parts of its coastal dunes. As for time, the further we are from the actual introduction, the more we tend to consider a resource as native. At the scale of the last 15 000 years, almost no forest tree is native to its current distribution area in Europe. At human scale, it seems that a few human generations are sufficient to accept an exotic species as part of the natural landscape, and consider it as native. The acceptance threshold might be when we have no more direct contact with, or no immediate memory of, the people who were responsible for the introduction. There is evidence that Cupressus sempervirens L. and Pinus pinea L. were introduced by the Romans in southwestern Mediterranean Europe (Thirgood 1981), where they are definitely considered as native today. Cedrus atlantica was introduced into southern France during the second half of the 19th century. It is now often considered as a natural part of the landscape by city people who enjoy walks under its now closedcanopy forests, although at the same time it is considered as invasive by local natural land managers. Thus, most conifer resources should be considered as introduced exotics in Europe. Seeds of forests species, such as Larix decidua, Picea abies Karst., Pinus nigra Am., P. sylvestris L. and P. uncinata Ramond ex DC are known to have been moved over thousands of kilometres in huge quantities across the whole of Europe at the end of the 19th century and during the 20th century (see Bartoli and Demesure-Musch (2003) for France). In the following discussion, I will mostly consider introduced forest trees at species and subspecies levels. I will focus on the most recent and massive introductions that occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries.


The present application discloses a UHV series compensation combined lifting platform four pillars apparatus, comprising: four columns, four column base connected to the chassis; four columns in a column for each of two groups, each group of two between the uprights through the connecting rod is connected, at each of the opposite side of the link column disposed lifting frame, the lifting frame for lifting the mounting jig lifting platform UHV series compensation; each of the lower end of the column lifting device is provided driving means, one end of the hoisting rope drive means connected to the lifting device and the other end connected to the lifting jig, lifting equipment and driving means for controlling the electrical control cabinet to enhance the connection UHV series compensation platform. Combined application of the present application embodiment a lifting device provided UHV series compensated lifting platform, may not affect the structure of the original series compensation platform and secure the joint lifting equipment design, versatility, easy to install and dismantle, without being series compensation platform affect the work space, it will not take up a lot of space.


Primary cancers of the vagina are rare, comprising 1 – 2% of all gynaecological malignancies, and occur predominantly in older women (Merino 1991). Little is known about the aetiology of cancer of ...


Dudhwa National Park (DNP), important conservation areas of India supporting the full range of threatened faunal and floral species. The Barasingha, swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) considered as vulnerable, one of the flagship species. The satellite imagery of 1995, 2016 and 2017were used for Habitat Suitability Analysis (HSA) using multi-criteria analysis. The other primary and secondary data were also incorporated to generate habitat suitability model. Raster imageries of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 were used to create various themes (variables) such as forest density, land use land cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) along with topographic details. The result indicates that out of total geographical area approximately 2.000000-2.100000(20-21%) is highly suitable, 1.900000(19%) is appropriate, 1.800000(18%) moderately suitable, 1.700000(17%) less suitable and 1.500000-1.600000(15-16%) area is least suitable. However, the study strongly advocates that the DNP is suitable landscape and grassland were noticed as one of the best habitat class for the conservation of swamp deer.


Making buildings more energy efficient while keeping thermal comfort has been an important topic in last decades, including improving efficiency of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. One approach to this goal is to use better control methods. This paper presents a review of methods which have been researched in scientific papers in last couple of years. Most papers focus on one of the following trends: improving "classical" control methods; use of predictable control based on models; use of intelligent control methods.


An optimization algorithm is proposed by means of integrating the generalized ant colony optimization (GACO) with progressive optimal algorithm (POA), and is applied to the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs. This integrated algorithm possesses large scale search capability of generalized ant colony algorithm and better local search capability of progressive optimal algorithm at the same time. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring global convergence, high quality optimization solution can be searched quickly by the proposed algorithm. In order to increase the rapidity of convergence, initial ant colony is generated stochastically in an automatic way constrained by water mass balance equation. And a penalty function is utilized to handle the boundary conditions and other non-equality constraints. A case study is given to show the effectivity and practicability of the algorithm.


In order to study the concept of deep learning, in particular the substitution of multilayer perceptron on the corresponding network of deep confidence, computer simulations of the learning process to test voters was carried out. Multi-layer perceptron has been replaced by a network of deep confidence, consisting of successive limited Boltzmann machines. After training of a network of deep confidence algorithm of layer-wise training it was found that the use of networks of deep confidence greatly improves the accuracy of multilayer perceptron training by method of reverse distribution errors.


Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) uses surface-emitted Secondary Electrons (SE) to produce grayscale level images. From these SEM images, an observer can mentally represent the topography of the imaged object. Numerical techniques can additionally provide a quantitative assessment of the topography, which is one of the major challenge in the today microelectronics industry for advanced nodes and more-than-moore devices. In this paper, we propose and validate a non-destructive, fast 3D metrology strategy for microscopic object. Various microlens-like 3D structures are patterned on 300 nm wafers by grayscale i-line lithography. The lenses are imaged by a SEM tool with a four-quadrant SE detector, and also measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which serves as 3D reference metrology. Both, AFM and SEM data are co-registered and background is removed. An analytical SEM model is used both for SEM detector calibration and parametric reconstruction. First, we observe that this model poorly describes the entire SEM images of the device under test, partly due to electron screening and reemission effects. Secondly, by weighting the image depending on the quadrant orientation, we show that this model can still be used for both calibration and parametric reconstruction. The parametric reconstructions of microlenses with different footprints and heights match well the reference geometries.


A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS Pragya Garg 1 1Research Scholar, ShriVenkateshwara University, Gajrola, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Umesh Chandra Kapri 2Research Guide, Assistant Professor, Gold Field College of Education, Faridabad, Haryana, India. Emotionally intelligent teachers can produce emotionally intelligent citizens. A teacher who is able to carry out reasoning with regard to emotions and uses emotions to enhance reasoning will succeed in developing the emotional intelligence of pupils. An emotionally competent teacher is the heart and soul of any educational programme. A comparative study was conducted on 240 teachers selected randomly from 16 Secondary schools located in Faridabad district of Haryana. The data were collected with the help of Teacher's Emotional Intelligence Inventory developed By Shubhra Mangal. This inventory consists 200 items of four factors awareness of self and others, professional orientation, intra-personal management or self-regulation and inter-personal management. The data collected was analysed by using statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and t-test. The study revealed that there is no significant difference between the male and female teachers' emotional intelligence working in secondary schools but there is significant difference between the emotional intelligence of the teachers working in Private and Government Secondary schools located at Faridabad district of Haryana state.


This study involves a major appliance manufacturer and one particular product out of many that it provides on a private label basis to a large retailer. The manufacturer employs a group of individuals whose responsibilities are related to sales forecasting. Their short-term forecasts are the basis for determining production schedules and for controlling inventory levels (since the manufacturer, not the retailer, warehouses the product in question). Given the somewhat conflicting demands of product availability and a company-wide program for inventory cost reduction, accurate sales forecasts clearly are desired. The product involved herein is a 21 cubic foot refrigerator. Within this product class, there are six different production models: tree different shelving types (wire, glass, and deluxe) times two icemaker conditions (factory installed icemaker absent or present). The wire shelf models sell for about $75 less than the glass shelf models, which in turn sell for about $50 less than the deluxe model. The icemaker option costs about another $100. Further product differentiation by color or by door-opening direction is not relevant for forecasting purposes, as these factors are rather stable and easily adjusted for, if necessary. The data analysis described below was conducted by the author while spending a sabbatical leave with the forecasting group at the manufacturing firm. Two problem areas were addressed: improving forecast accuracy for both the overall 21 cubic foot refrigerator sales series, and for the mix, or share, percentages of the six models that comprise the product category. OVERALL SALES: THE SUPERIORITY OF SUBJECTIVE FORECASTS The overall monthly sales series exhibits a strong seasonality component, with sales tending: to be highest in the summer. At the time of the study, there were 34 observations available for model fitting purposes; another six holdout observations were used for testing forecasting accuracy. While the overall monthly mean is about 11,000 units, sales of the individual six models range from roughly 1000 to 4000 units per month. Time Series Forecasts Several univariate time series methods were considered to capture the behavior of the overall sales series. The best results were obtained with a seasonal Box-Jenkins model. Accordingly, this model was used for forecasting and for comparison against the predictions that the firm had generated. Subjective Forecasts The firm's forecasts for the overall sales are primarily selective in nature; no mathematical model is used at all. While the individual who generates the forecast may on occasion check to see what a smoothing model or a seasonally adjusting technique such as the X-11 program might suggest, the forecasts appear to be almost if not entirely subjective -- they are based on the individual's past experience, knowledge of upcoming advertising promotions, and on conversation with sales representatives that service the private label account. Fitting and Forecasting Results Since past subjective forecasts had been saved on the firm's data base system, it was possible to compute the forecast error for each of the 34 month periods that were investigated in Box-Jenkins model fitting. The average absolute subjective forecast error was about 1500 units; for the Box-Jenkins model it was about 2800 units. When one-month-ahead forecasts were computed for the six months with the Box-Jenkins model, the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) came to 16.8%. This compares with MAPE of 8.3% for the company's subjective forecasts. These overall sales forecasting results indicate the superiority of "experts" over a time series model. This is not an unprecedented outcome. Other researchers have also found that subjective forecasts of managers or experts can outperform those of mechanical models. SUBJECTIVE FORECASTS OF DIFFERENT REFRIGERATOR MODELA The firm uses a "top-down" approach to forecasting. …


An interaction of a quantized-driven field mode with a two-level atom inside the structured reservoir is considered with the help of the collective operator method. It is shown that the atom-field bound state created via the interaction with the reservoir could be monitored by interaction with the mode. The Markovian damping of the quantized mode does not destroy the atom-field bound state; its existence significantly influences the dynamics of the mode.


A new algorithm for ECG (electrocardiogram) signal compression based on local extreme extraction, adaptive hysteretic filtering and cubic interpolation is presented. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated using a MLP classifier whose inputs were normal and pathological (right and left bundle branch block) classes of original and reconstructed heartbeats respectively


In this paper, we present an analysis of the performance of three predictive fine granular SNR-scalable coders and compare them with their non-scalable version. In our study, we assume an exponential model for the quantization noise and the use of linear prediction. Coders efficiency is assessed through the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of rate (SNR(R)) and the mean SNR. Validity of our analysis is tested by comparing theoretical results with simulations of the encoding of realizations of first order autoregressive processes. Results show that the use of coders which tolerate some prediction drift provides better results than other conventional scalable schemes.


Native corn starch(NCS) was acetylated by a microwave-assisted method using vinyl acetate(VAc) as an acetylating agent and potassium carbonate K2CO3as a catalyst. Acetylated corn starch(ACS) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The physicochemical properties, adhesive properties and biodegradability of ACS were systematically investigated. The results show that the physicochemical properties of ACS were improved compared with NCS: the hydration capacity raised, solubility, swelling power and paste clarity increased; the intrinsic viscosity, apparent viscosity decreased, rheological property were improved; the syneresis decreased, anti-retrogradation were enhanced. The adhesion to polyester/cotton fibers of ACS was enhanced, which compensated for the insufficient adhesion to hydrophobic fibers of native starch. BOD5/CODcrvalue of ACS was outclasses that of PVA-205.


Generic language (e.g., "Birds fly") conveys generalizations about categories and is essential for learning beyond our direct experience. The meaning of generic language is notoriously hard to specify, however (e.g., penguins don't fly). Tessler and Goodman (2019) proposed a model for generics that is mathematically equivalent to Bayesian belief-updating based on a single pedagogical example, suggesting a deep connection be- tween learning from experience and learning from language. Relatedly, Csibra and Shamsudheen (2015) argue that generics are inherently pedagogical, understood by infants as referring to a member of a kind. In two experiments with adults, we quantify the exchange-rate between generics and observations by relating their belief-updating capacity, varying both the number of observations and whether they are presented pedagogically or incidentally. We find generics convey stronger generalizations than single pedagogical observations (Expt. 1), even when the property is explicitly demarcated (Expt. 2). We suggest revisions to the vague quantifier model of generics that would allow it to accommodate this intriguing exchange-rate.


In recent years, students have shown growing interest in mobile learning and the use of mobile devices for learning English as a foreign language (EFL). However, it appears that further research needs to be undertaken to identify students' use of mobile devices and their attitudes towards them, especially in developing countries. To achieve this aim, three instruments, i.e. questionnaires (n = 345), in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 128), and non-participant observations (50 sessions), were employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The results indicate that Iranian EFL students are generally positive about mobile learning and the use of mobile devices for learning EFL. The perceived benefits of mobile learning comprised opportunities for ubiquitous learning and access to the Internet, use of multimedia in the classroom, and portability. On the contrary, the findings suggest that students might be discouraged from the use of mobile devices due to several perceived impeding factors. The analysis of the data illustrated that Iranian EFL students mainly use mobile devices for non-academic purposes. The majority of students own smartphones and laptops and prefer to use tablet PCs, smartphones, and laptops for language learning. The findings of the observations suggest that even though some Iranian EFL teachers favor the use of mobile devices in the classroom, some of them prevent students from such use. In light of students' proposed strategies to implement mobile learning, the study suggests guidelines to integrate mobile learning in the EFL context of Iran and other similar contexts.


A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRDUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSC) DEGREE IN POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA


Laser velocimetry measurements were taken in a double volute/single discharge centrifugal pump (0.60 specific speed, 1583 US units) with symmetrical volute halves. Blade-to-blade radial and tangential velocity profiles at the impeller exit are presented and compared to data for a similar single volute pump. Flow rates ranged from 40% of design flow to the design point. The blade-to-blade profiles were more uniform than for the single volute pump. Also, the average circumferential variations for the double volute pump were more symmetric than for the single volute pump. For the double volute geometry measurements indicate that radial inward flow (recirculation) was only present for flow rates below 60% of design flow, compared to 80% of design flow for the single volute pump. Velocity data was also used to determine volute losses, slip factor, and momentum contributions to the impeller radial forces. Volute losses were quantified and shown to increase for flow rates below 80% of design flow and were approximately 10% of the developed head at 40% flow. The efficiency in the double volute compared to the single volute shows decreased performance for flows above 55% of design flow, which is attributed to increased boundary layer friction; at low flow rates increased performance is ascribed to better control over the recirculation regions. Slip factors were symmetric around the volute but were lower than for a single volute pump. Finally, momentum contributions to the total impeller radial load were shown to be maximum at the design point, contributing 40% of the force developed by the pressure distribution; the significance diminished at lower flow rates and the contribution was negligible at 40% of the design flow.


A waste drilling fluid treatment technique was presented to deal with the heavy waste drilling fluids from Sichuan gas field.The treatment included the following steps:breakdown by acidification,solids-liquid separation,oxidation by Fenton,Neutralization with CaO,and degradation by microorganism.The experimental results showed that good separation can be achieved when the pH value of the waste drilling fluid is less than 5.An optimum catalytic oxidation with Fenton can be obtained when:the initial pH value of the drilling fluid is 3~4,H2O2 concentration is 0.5~0.6 mol/L and the reaction time is longer than 2.5 hours.Flocculation with CaO can further reduce the CODCr value.In microorganism degradation reaction,the selected,cultured microorganism in the active sludge had a remarkably improved oxidation and degradation performance in the treatment of the organic wastes and the leachate had a stable CODCr value less than 100 mg/L.This water drilling fluid treatment technique can help achieve the real innocent treatment of waste drilling fluids and is cost effective.


The compilation of high‐level languages to general‐purpose execution platforms poses some challenges when it comes to debugging. Typically, abstractions that are not natively supported by the execution platform must be emulated with intermediate data structures and function calls. Unfortunately, the details of the emulation are visible in the execution stack, and this unwanted information greatly reduces the effectiveness of debuggers. This paper presents a general method for constructing a virtual view of the stack, in order to mask intermediate function calls that were generated to emulate high‐level abstractions, or even to recover logical frame information that was lost during the compilation process. In particular, virtual views enable the visualization of two disjoint code representations (e.g. native code and interpreted code) as a single unified stack. We illustrate this method by showing how to handle the compilation of Bigloo, a dialect of the Scheme programming language. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Three separate but related streams of productivity research have recently appeared in the accounting and distribution literature. One stream has been concerned with the conceptual approach to developing productivity measurement systems. A second stream has argued that accounting‐oriented information systems have been ineffective in meeting the productivity reporting requirements of the marketing and distribution functions. The third stream has applied the conceptual approaches of the first stream to the problems cited in the second to produce a more effective distribution productivity measurement and reporting system. This article is a continuation of the third line of research. Specifically, the article describes a methodology for measuring productivity changes in distribution with the use of specific management accounting tools.


An improved SPIHT algorithm is presented,by which redundantly scanning some significant coefficients is avoided,a smaller initial subset of root nodes is used,and excursion processing is made to original image.These measures obviously improve coding efficiency.Experimental results show that compared with SPIHT algorithm,the improved algorithm can increase PSNR of reconstructed images about 0.3db to 6db at different rates.


In order to realize accurate tracking the sun by a pyrheliometer,a full-automatic solar tracker has been developed.The tracker has two tracking modes,one is to calculate the sun moving and the other is to control the solar displacement.This paper introduces the principle of two tracking modes,and realizes the high-precision automatic sun tracking of all weather by switching automatically and cooperation with each other.The track error is within the rang of ±0.14°on the basis of experiments for 18 months.Putting pyrheliometer and pyrameter on the tracker,it can improve the measurement accuracies of direct radiation and total radiation,which solves signal wire of pyrheliometer intertwist and achieves full-automatic measurements of direct radiation,sunshine duration and diffusive radiation.


Abstract : A simple and computationally efficient algorithm for solving the unsteady three dimensional boundary layer equations in a time accurate or relaxation mode is presented. The algorithm is used to compute the separated flow over a 6:1 ellipsoid at angle of attack and the transonic flow over a finite wing with shock induced separation. These results are compared to available experimental data. A method of using the boundary-layer algorithm to accelerate a Navier Stokes computation is also presented. Example computations indicate that a boundary-layer algorithm can be used to improve both the accuracy and efficiency of a Navier Stokes algorithm.


The fact that deep learning models are surprisingly fragile – yielding drastically different outputs upon small changes in input – has been well studied in the image recognition space, but this property is shared across other input modalities. In the audio domain, minor perturbations to a waveform impact speech-to-text translation and allow an attacker to arbitrarily change a recognized phrase while remaining barely noticeable to an outside listener. We demonstrate that that these perturbations can also be used for good – by applying simple learned perturbations to audio signals, we are able to prevent successful transcription in speech-to-text systems; our approach defends against malicious eavesdropping and mass transcription of private audio content while still maintaining human interpretability of the signal. Furthermore, our learned perturbations, including a fixed universal perturbation, do not require optimizing towards a specific audio sequence or having the full audio recording available in advance. These perturbations are simple to apply in real-time and provide a step towards ensuring greater privacy in largely unmonitored digital environments.


AP P E A L E D to by the E d i t o r to f i l l a vacancy at short notice, I remembered some Syriac hymns of w h i c h I had made a rough translation several years ago ; and i t struck me that perhaps they might be of sufficient interest to find a place i n the DOWNSIDE R E V I E W . T h e y were published i n Syr iac i n 1865 by J . J . Overbeck, i n a volume enti t led 5. Ephraemi Syri . . . aliorumque Opera selecta (Oxford) ; but they have not, to my knowledge, been previously translated. I f they are really by the authors to w h o m they are ascribed i n the manuscripts ( w h i c h I do not doubt) , these hymns are of a fair ly early date, coming from about the first quarter of the fifth century. T h e y were intended especially for use i n the C h u r c h services—though i n wha t offices precisely they were used I do not know ; and they must have been constantly sung at Aleppo and Edessa, and probably i n other churches where Syr iac was the language of the common people. O f their poetical mer i t I do not venture to judge ; and i t may be that i t does not rise to a high level . B u t they are w o r t h consideration at least as expressions of the re  ligious ideas and devotional sentiments of their t ime and place ; and even as regards their composition they w i l l at least compare favourably w i t h some of our own vernacular hymns.


The paper is devoted to intersubjective texts as the basis of text centered approach while teaching a foreign language to form lexical skills of professional speaking, the significance of texts as the main teaching element, the necessity of authentic texts as well as their meaning from relative sciences' point of view dealing with teaching a foreign language.


There are many tourist places in Malaysia, and still many to be discovered. The Internet is an agent to find web documents describing a place or a location. The precise location or place is always connected to the geotagging process. However, a limited geotagging approach is applied in Malay documents. Hence, a geotagging application is developed using the name-place entity recognition approach. A geotagging algorithm is developed for tagging geographic information in Malay documents. The algorithm performs word filtering and name-place extraction from both the MyGazetteer resources and tourism web resources. An application is built to demonstrate the tagging of geographic information onto each web document. The geotagging prototype (MyGeo-NER) allows users to edit tags of existing web documents, add new ones, and search for documents containing the names of places or locations they have entered.


Aims: Investigate the prevalence of hepatitis A, B and C and use of infection control procedures by dental health care workers. Methods: 284 dentists were submitted to hepatitis prevalence serologic analysis and answered a questionnaire about infection control practices. Results: three dentists were anti-HAV IgM positive. Anti-HBc was positive in 19 dentists, and one was positive for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Three were Hepatitis C positive without co-infection with hepatitis B. Seventy-three (5.7%) had anti-HBs lower than 10UI/L. Infection control procedures: 144 dentists (50.7%) used eyes wear protection. Most frequent sterilization method was dry heat (77.1%), followed by autoclaves (62.7%). Only 11.2% had sufficient number of hand pieces to allow sterilization between patients. Conclusions: This study indicates a need for interventions in order to improve safe work in dental practices, hepatitis A and B vaccination programs, HBV post-immunization serology tests and use of protection equipment. Key words: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, blood-born viruses, control infection practices.


Abstract : This paper describes a Nonhydrostatic Unified Model of the Atmosphere (NUMA) based on a spectral element, or high-order continuous Galerkin (CG) spatial discretization utilizing 3D hexahedral elements. The nonhydrostatic dynamical core, based on the compressible Euler equations, is appropriate for both limited-area and global atmospheric simulations. In this paper we restrict our attention to 3D limited-area phenomena; global atmospheric simulations will be presented in a follow-up paper. A suite of explicit and semi-implicit time-integrators is presented. Domain decomposition and communication algorithms utilized by our distributed memory implementation is presented, allowing efficient evaluation of the the direct stiffness summation (DSS) operator. Numerical verification of the model is performed using four test cases: 1) 2D inertia-gravity waves, 2) flow past a 3D linear hydrostatic mountain, 3) flow past a 3D nonlinear mountain and 4) 3D buoyant convection of a bubble in a neutral atmosphere; these tests indicate that NUMA can simulate the necessary physics of a dry numerical weather prediction dynamical core. Scalability for the explicit dynamical core is demonstrated for 12288 cores on TACC?s Ranger cluster, while the semi-implicit core is shown to scale to 4096 cores on the same architecture.


The local structures of Br- in ion-exchange resins are studied with XAFS at the Br−K edge. Br--form anion-exchange resins having different ion-exchange groups, i.e., tertiary ammonium (R-3) and quaternary ammonium ion (R-4), are examined after being soaked in water, methanol (MeOH), and some polar aprotic solvents. The resins soaked in aprotic solvents give almost the same spectral features as dry resins, indicating that Br- is tightly bound by the ion-exchange sites. Br- is entrapped inside the tripod composed of three equivalent methyl groups of the ion-exchange group in the R-4 resin, while it strongly interacts with the ammonium hydrogen of the ion-exchange group of the R-3 resin. In the latter case, the scattering from methyl and methylene carbon atoms in the ion-exchange group also contributes to XAFS spectra. In contrast, characteristic features are confirmed when the resins are soaked in water and MeOH. Detailed analyses of XAFS spectra imply that two species, i.e., solvated Br- and that bound on ...


Vibratory transport and technological machines (VTTM) are widely used in the various spheres of the industry: for transportation of the friable and separate particles, their dosed supply, sorting and realization of various technological processes.One of the factors that has an influence on the process of vibratory transportation is elasticity of the working member bottom of a vibratory transportation and technologic machine.This problem is less studied in theory of vibratory transportation [1, 2].A system vibratory drive – rigid frame of the vibratory member – elastic bottom of the working member – friable load" is considered in the report and dynamical and mathematical models of their interaction are worked out.A systematic approach to the study of influence of the working member elastic bottom on the technologic process is used and some results of the research are presented.It has been established with the help of developed models that at coincidence of phases of vibrations of the working member frame and elastic bottom rigidly fastened to it a speed of transportation of the friable material (load) rises significantly. On the bases of the mentioned result a new construction is developed.


We cloned a novel mouse cDNA,CORS26 (collagenousrepeat-containing sequence of26-kDa protein), encoding a secretory protein by suppression subtractive hybridization between transforming growth factor-β1-treated and untreated C3H10T1/2 cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of CORS26 consists of 246 amino acids with a secretory signal peptide and contains a collagenous region (Gly-X-Y repeats) at the NH2terminus and a complement factor C1q globular domain at the COOH terminus. CORS26 is structurally similar to C1q and to adipocyte-specific protein Acrp30. Transfection analysis suggested that CORS26 is a secretory protein. Northern blot analysis revealed thatCORS26 mRNA was present at high levels in rib growth plate cartilage and at moderate levels in kidney of adult mice.CORS26 mRNA was not detected in NIH3T3 cells, BALB/3T3 cells, C3H10T1/2 cells, or osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In situ hybridization of mouse embryos between 13 and 15 days postcoitus revealed relatively high levels of CORS26mRNA in condensed prechondrocytic cells of cartilage primordia and developing cartilages. However, CORS26 mRNA were undetectable in mature chondrocytes. Furthermore, overexpression ofCORS26 enhanced the growth of C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. The present findings suggest that the CORS26gene may play an important role in skeletal development.


Determining the reliability of the reception wave from the transducer, if the reliability is judged to be inadequate, selecting a different method from the current method. Determining reliability determines a value indicative of reliability of the received wave, this value is determined at or smaller or not than a predetermined set value. If the value is less than the set value, the reliability is judged to be insufficient. As is indicative of the reliability of the reception wave value, the amplitude of the received wave, the amplitude and the predetermined measurable ratio between the amplitude value of the received waves, the power spectrum and the ratio of the predetermined power value, the transmit and receive wave amplitude the ratio of the maximum amplitude of the wave, the reception wave obtained by Fourier transform, such as the ratio between the power spectrum and a predetermined power value of the transmission frequency contained in the received wave is used.


Methods are presented for the optimization of the design of an absorber, incorporating combined spring and damper elements of polymeric material, and coupled to a complex main system. These methods, which involve rapidly convergent iterative procedures, utilize directly the experimentally measured characteristics of both the absorber element material and the main system.Butyl rubber is found to be a convenient and effective absorber element material, reducing the response of a model complex main system, with damping of a level typical of engineering structures, by a factor of approximately four.


Cell fractionation techniques include some of the most important and widely used analytical tools in cell and molecular biology, and are essential for the development of cell‐free assays that reconstitute complicated cellular processes. In addition to simple gradient systems, this unit discusses the immuno‐purification of organelles, in particular endosomes. As antigens, purification can be achieved using endogenous or ectopically expressed proteins, provided that appropriate antibodies are available. Alternatively, tagged proteins can be used, when combined with anti‐tag antibodies. Now that sequencing of the genomes of several organisms has been completed, biochemical strategies, and in particular fractionation and in vitro transport assays, are more necessary than ever to study the numerous protein and protein complexes that are being discovered.


Objective To compare the cytotoxic effects and the oxidative damage caused by micro- and nano- calcium carbonate particles in human ileocecal adenocarcinoma HCT-8 cells in vitro. Methods Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Induction of the oxidative stress was assessed by determining the level of intracellular ROS,SOD,GSH and MDA levels after exposure of cells to increasing concentrations of either micro- or nano- calcium carbonate particles separately. Results Both micro- and nano-particles dosedependently reduced cell viability and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species( ROS) followed by a significant depletion of GSH,SOD activities and accumulation of MDA. But at the same dose level nanoparticles are more cytotoxic and caused more severe oxidative stress than microparticles. Co-treatment of cells with calcium carbonate particles and the antioxidant vitamin C increased cell viability and mitigated the oxidative stress,suggesting that oxidative stress may be one of the causes of the cytotoxic effect of calcium carbonate particles.Conclusion The cytotoxic effect of calcium carbonate particles on HCT-8 cells is dose- and size-related. Oxidative stress is possibly the underlying mechanism by which calcium carbonate particles caused cytotoxicity.


This research highlighted the effects of conducive school learning environment on academic performance with reference to student gender and parent literacy status. Multistage stratified sampling technique was adopted to portray information on Likert scale. Chi square, Kendall's Tau-c tests and Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the level, direction and strength of association among variables. Academic performance was found significantly and positively associated with cooperation among students (P=0.000 and T c =0.377), accessibility to learning material (P=0.000, T c =0.189) and no physical punishment at school (P=0.003, T c =0.056). Moreover, respondent's gender and parent literacy status explained variation in children academic performance with conducive learning environment. Logistic regression model highlighted that improved academic performance is more likely to occur when the child gain maturity in age (EXP (B) =2.365), parental literacy status (EXP (B) =2.097) and with promoting conducive learning environment (EXP (B) =2.971). Furthermore, boys, children of literate parents' and a unit increase in age grouping from ( below 15 years age to 15 years and above) with conducive school learning environment were more liable to score high grades.


The article presents a note on a teaching case study about Qualcomm's presence in the growth of the Chinese cellular telephone industry in 2000. The article describes two cases that were developed for the case study, the first being a study of the company's technological strategy for 2nd and 3rd generation digital cellular networks, and the second being a look at Qualcomm's efforts in China and the structure of the cellular telephone industry. The article states that the case studies could be used for competitive strategy, government/business policy, and international business classes.


Energy can be reused or saved instead of simply wasted by implementing strategic planning. In commercial building, energy consumption varies due to various factors such as building design, climate, load usage, type of electrical appliances, and management. Since each room in a building is designed to accommodate certain number of occupant, the room capacity is also considered as one of the factors that affect energy consumption. However, by placing inappropriate number of occupants in a room, the optimum use of energy cannot be achieved. For an example, energy may be wasted if the room that is designed for 200 occupants is only occupied by 98 people. In response to this concern, energy saving can be made by shifting or reconfiguring the number of occupant to make more suitable room. This strategy is called as a class shifting method. It can minimize electricity usage by simply shifting occupants into an appropriate room which is design nearly for that amount of capacity. This paper presents evaluation on class shifting strategy in term of its ability in reducing energy consumption. The study was conducted on selected building in Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) by using Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) reading as a baseline in determining how much energy is being wasted as well as being saved. The result from the application of shifting method showed a significant number of energy saving that can be made.


The team's CubeSat propulsion idea focuses on a water-electrolysis propulsion system. By zapping H2O with electricity, the bond between hydrogen and oxygen can be overcome, decomposing the liquid into a gaseous mixture that readily combusts.


The development of the InSb MIS technology and associated CID imaging arrays has progressed rapidly. At present, high-sensitivity line arrays and operating two-dimensional arrays have been fabricated. Photon-noise-limited performance has been achieved in line arrays, all the noise sources of the device have been identified and modeled, and the results compare favorably with the theoretical values. For background photon flux levels higher than mid-1012photons/sec-cm2, the device performance is practically background limited (BLIP). In the lower background region at 77°K, however, the shot noise associated with the thermally generated dark current limits device sensitivity.


The regulation of pyelonephritis‐associated pili (pap) pilin gene transcription has been examined using two operons (pap‐17 and pap‐21) isolated from the pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli strain C1212. DNA sequence analysis and E. coli minicell analysis were used to map two genes (papB and papI) within the pilin regulatory regions of both pap‐17 and pap‐21, and the protein products of these genes were identified. Pilin transcription, initiated at the papBA promoter, was monitored by constructing single copy operon fusions with lacZYA in E. coli K‐12. Inoculation of E. coli (pap'‐lac) strains onto solid M9 minimal medium containing glycerol and the Lac indicator X‐gal (M9‐Glycerol) yielded both Lac+ and Lac‐ colony phenotypes. The Lac+ ('phase on') and Lac‐ ('phase off') phenotypes were heritable since reinoculation of M9‐Glycerol with bacteria picked from Lac+ colonies gave rise to a much higher fraction of Lac+ colonies than reinoculation of M9‐Glycerol with bacteria picked from Lac‐ colonies. Measurement of phase transition rates for E. coli (pap17′‐lac) inoculated onto M9‐Glycerol showed that the Lac(‐)––Lac+ transition frequency (1.57 X 10(‐4)/cell/generation) was reduced 35‐fold when cells were inoculated onto minimal medium containing glucose (M9‐Glucose). However, the Lac+––Lac‐transition frequency obtained using M9‐Glycerol (2.60 X 10(‐2)/cell/generation) was 1.4‐fold lower compared to results obtained with M9‐Glucose. In contrast, lowering the incubation temperature of E. coli (pap17′‐lac) cultures from 37 degrees C to 23 degrees C caused all cells to shift to the Lac‐ state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


We determined the electrical junction (EJ) locations in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTS) solar cells with ~20‐nm accuracy by developing scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) applicable to the thin‐film devices. Cross‐sectional sample preparation for the SCS measurement was developed by high‐energy ion milling at room temperature for polishing the cross section to make it flat, followed by low‐energy ion milling at liquid nitrogen temperature for removing the damaged layer and subsequent annealing for growing a native oxide layer. The SCS shows distinct p‐type, transitional, and n‐type spectra across the devices, and the spectral features change rapidly with location in the depletion region, which results in determining the EJ with ~20‐nm resolution. We found an n‐type CIGS in the region next to the CIGS/CdS interface; thus, the cell is a homojunction. The EJ is ~40 nm from the interface on the CIGS side. In contrast, such an n‐type CZTS was not found in the CZTS/CdS cells. The EJ is ~20 nm from the CZTS/CdS interface, which is consistent with asymmetrical carrier concentrations of the p‐CZTS and n‐CdS in a heterojunction cell. Our results of unambiguously determination of the junction locations contribute significantly to understanding the large open‐circuit voltage difference between CIGS and CZTS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the past days,when planning a new Computer Date Center,Some power enterprise user had been accustomed to focus on the power-electronic level,viz.if the capacity of IT equipment and the processing speed of Computer can meet enterprise's requirements;if the UPS can output a high quality utility,etc.thereby seldom to consider all different parts of a date center as a total system,base on the above issues,this article give some highlight on UPS and cooling system's application.when planning a Computer Date Center.


In A New Republic, one of America's most respected historians offers a major statement on the nature of our political system and a critical look at the underpinnings of our society. American democracy, says John Lukacs, has been transformed from an exercise in individual freedom and opportunity to a bureaucratic system created by and for the dominance of special groups. His book, first published in 1984 as Outgrowing Democracy, is now reissued with a new introduction, in which Lukacs explains his methodology, and a new final chapter, which sums up Lukacs's thoughts on American democracy today. Reviews of the earlier edition "A rich, subtle, and often ingenious argument ...an eloquent, provocative, but disturbing book."--Edwin M. Yoder, Jr., Washington Post Book World "Mr. Lukacs is an original and subtle historian, and [this book] is an engaging intellectual surprise party...I was continuously enchanted by the play of his ideas--by the sharpness of his distinctions and the acuteness of his descriptions."--Naomi Bliven, New Yorker "It has been a long time since Americans were offered such a provocative interpretation of their historical predicament...We would be foolish not to examine it closely. "--Laurence Tool, Society


In order to select a cyanide-resistant and anti peach crown gall biocontrol bacterium.Antagonistic Actinomycetes were isolated by the different concentrations of KCN in culture medium and screened by punching assay.Cyanide-resistant and antagonistic Actinomycetes strain G-19 was screened for the bioactivity using Agrobacterium tumefaciens(At) as a target strain through the plating confrontation culture method.The fermentation broth of G-19 had a high inhibitory effect on At with an inhibition ring at 21.66 mm in diameter.The bacteriostatic action mainly shown in follow aspects: the crude extract reduced the growth logarithmic phase of At,and maintained the mycelium density in a low level.Moreover,the cell wall was curving,wizening,followed by the structure rupture,cytoplasm condensate to the margin,the center etherealized,even formed a cavity;the membrane permeability increased and cause cellular inner substance of At to release;no damage however on DNA of pathogenic bacteria was seen.Therefore,it can be adjudged that the inhibitory effect mechanism of G-19 against At was to destroy the structure of cell wall and to increase the permeability of cell membrane.


Four compounds were isolated from Coleus carnosifolius. They were identified as betulic acid, betulin, oleanic acid and beta-sitosterol by spectral analysis and comparison with authentic samples.


One of the compulsory courses of Real Work From Home in increasing community participation in universities, which is implemented by PGRI Wiranegara University as an obligation of community service and service to the community is also one of the government programs. This form of devotion is an effort to reach the wider community amid the limitations and ferocity of the covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the purpose and purpose of this devotion is done to provide knowledge and insight to high school students who will graduate and want to continue to the level of higher education. Not only that this devotion also has another goal that is to support government programs in preventing the spread of the crona virus which to this day has not disappeared. The support is manifested in the socialization of health protocols to high school students as equals. This devotion is done with an online system or commonly called the internet network so that it can meet virtually.


rightly avoids introducing prime matter here, but unnecessarily supposes that ei ti esti to horizomenon in 1029a 18 is an unfulfilled condition. On either view it should be important to answer these questions: (a) What is said to be impossible in 1029 a 27 ? Is it impossible for matter to be identical to substance, or for matter to be included in substance at all? (b) Does mallon tes hides in 1029 a 30 mean' form and compound, rather than matter, are substance', or 'form and compound are substance more than matter is'? S says that form and compound are 'better candidates' (p. 16), which does not remove the ambiguity in the Greek. (c) What is claimed in 1029 a 30-3? Aristotle dismisses both the compound substance and matter as clear, and says he must examine 'the third'. 'The third' must be the third substance; hence matter is one of the three types of substance. S does not discuss this question (p. 16). But if Aristotle ends Z 3 by agreeing that matter is included in substance, that should make some difference to our account of the aim and argument of Z 3, and to our view of the conditions for substance developed later in the book. Here S's views are obscure. First S suggests that Z 3 derives 'unacceptable conclusions from improper treatment of hule subsequently corrected (esp. in Z 7-9)' (p. 11). The exact source of the impropriety is not clear. But presumably this suggestion underlies the later claim about Z 7-9 (by Owen): ' By reimporting hule in tractable form they get beyond the (either negative or at best ambiguous) treatment in Z 3' (p. 52). The different remarks Aristotle makes on matter are not discussed fully enough to show how each of S's suggestions might be defended; in particular we may not be convinced that anything said in Z 3 needs to be retracted or qualified later. On 1035a 1 S comments: 'Some surprise was expressed that hule is still in the running, despite Z 3, unless monen (1029 a 13) is to be stressed-but this seems too weak an interpretation of Z 3'. The surprise is puzzling, since 1035a 1-3 simply repeats the conclusion of Z 3. The question raised in 'unless...' is well worth further attention, which S unfortunately never gives it.


In this paper, the stretching-stress relaxation properties of polyester/viscose and regenerated bamboo fiber/cotton blended yarns are studied. Based on the Boltzmann superposition principle, the stretching-stress relaxation process of the yarns is analysed using the standard linear solid model. Theoretical equations of the stretching-stress relaxation process are deduced. Stretching-stress relaxation experiments were made under two different conditions, that is, the yarns were stretched to a definite strain at different rates of straining and to different strains at the same strain-rate. Regressive equations of stress relaxation and correlation coefficients of the yarns are calculated. Theoretical expectations display very good agreement with the experimental observations, indicating that the standard linear solid model can be used to describe the stress relaxation properties of yarns under lower strain conditions. It can also be found from the experimental and theoretical results that the higher the strain-rate and larger the maximum strain, the lower the relaxation time.


Aims. The solar decimetric radio emission of fiber bursts was investigated searching for the "drifting tadpole" structures proposed by theoretical studies. Methods. Characteristic periods with the tadpole pattern were searched for in the radio flux time series by wavelet analysis methods. Results. For the first time, we have found drifting tadpoles in the wavelet spectra of the decimetric radio emission associated with the fiber bursts observed in July 11, 2005. These tadpoles were detected at all radio frequencies in the 1602-1780 MHz frequency range. The characteristic period of the wavelet tadpole patterns was found to be 81.4 s and the frequency drift of the tadpole heads is -6.8 MHz s -1 . These tadpoles are interpreted as a signature of the magnetoacoustic wave train moving along a dense flare waveguide and their frequency drift as a motion of the wave train modulating the radio emission produced by the plasma emission mechanism. Using the Aschwanden density model of the solar atmosphere, only low values of the Alfven speed and the magnetic field strength in the loop guiding this wave train were derived which indicates a neutral current sheet as the guiding structure. The present analysis supports the model of fiber bursts based on whistler waves.


Previous developments of Biris technology for road inspection application sled to the birth of a very rugged high power 3D sensor using a three-line laser projector. In this hostile environment where shock, vibration, dust and dirt are constantly present, 3D ranging must comply with very severe demands. Resolution, precision and reliability are strictly observed. The new approach keeps the same data density but uses high frame rate image capture and feature extraction. With high speed capture, the number of actual laser projections can be reduced to one, without having to decrease the number of measured profiles per second. This eases the data processing by keeping the same characteristics for the projected line from one acquired profile to the next and over the whole acquisition sequence. The data rate achieved maintains the maximum 10 cm profile spacing for the road surface sampling up to speeds of 72km/h. Range measurements and intensity I, are obtained for each measured point. The field-of-view and depth of field for this sensor are very important characteristics which are adapted for the application. However this solution implies a new sensor design and an optimized image capture geometry. Triangulation and defocusing are used to improve the signal to noise ratio and to provide immunity to false measurements.


The article reports on the effect of addition of H2 into a mixture of Ar + O2 on the process of dc reactive magnetron sputtering of oxides and the electrical conductivity of transparent oxide films. Four systems were investigated: (i) InSnO (ITO), (ii) TiO2, (iii) TiYO, and (iv) ZrO2 films. It was found that the addition of H2 into Ar + O2 sputtering gas mixture results in: (i) decrease in the magnetron discharge voltage Ud, (ii) strong change of the dependence , and (iii) dramatic decrease of the electrical resistivity of sputtered transparent oxide films; here and are the partial pressure and flow rate of oxygen, respectively. These results are described in detail.


This article is focused on issues of concrete behavior under high temperatures. The aim of this work is to verify the influence of the addition of organic fibres on the fire resistance of concrete. Emphasis is placed on describing the possibility of using recycled fibres from PET or cellulose due to the positive ecological impact. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that it is possible to use fibres to increase fire resistance even from sources that do not come from primary production.


Let G be a graph with the edge set E(G), let Om(G) be the number ofmaxcliquesin G, and 9¥(G) be the minimum number of maxcliques of G by which E(G) is covered. We say that a maxclique Q of G is non-properiffor every edge e of Q there is at least one another maxclique Q such that e J E(Q'). If G contains at least one non-proper maxclique, then 91(G) < em(G). In this note we determine the structure ofnon-proper maxcliques order?つ- 1 in r-regular graphs, and characterize any?'-regular graphs G with 9¥{G) < Om(G) for r - A and 5.


An effective tunable optical beam deflection device based on a periodic gradient refractive index (GRIN) profile is reported, which is capable of achieving a 5° beam deflection with an angle resolution of 0.5°. The operation voltage is around 6 Vpp, and the maximum operation frequency is 2 kHz. The GRIN beam deflection device is induced by periodically varying liquid crystal orientations. A highly resistive and patterned polymer film with a resistivity of 11 GΩ/sq is deposited to achieve a linear potential distribution between the two addressing electrodes in every unit cell. The resulting electric field pattern across the device is sawtooth-like. Both the device fabrication and the driving interconnection circuit are very simple. The advanced materials and the techniques used in this device are also applicable to other tunable optical and photonic components (such as adaptive lenses and light intensity modulators) by adapting the electrode design and the voltage signals.


Estimates of dichloromethane evolution rates from the bed of a field-scale rotary kiln are provided during several modes of operation. The calculations of evolution rates are based on stoichiometry and combustion measurements; assumptions that are necessary due to practical limitations imposed on the experiments are discusscd in detail in the paper. A sensitivity analysis of the calculation procedure is also discussed. Mass closures have been shown to range from 65 to 110% depending on the operating condition. Given the uncertainties associated with field-scale testing, these closures are quite remarkable


WE LIVE in an era of tremendous advances of science and technology, and almost every month brings some exciting new development. The progress of scientific research is accelerating from year to year, and the number of persons involved in scientific inquiry increases correspondingly. Our big telescopes search into the far corners of the stellar universe, bringing us invaluable information about its present and its past. Our giant multibillion-volt atom smashers help us solve the secrets of the elementary particles from which all material bodies are made, and advanced methods of modern biological studies bring us to the verge of solving the mystery of all mysteries: the nature of life.


Facing the fact that China will become a member of WTO soon and meet a tremendous pressure from the foreign banks with their global networks of business,Chinese commercial banks will meet great challenges in their traditional business of deposits and loans.Chinese commerical banks should renew their ideas and learn the ideas of service and management of foreign banks,grasp every new business opportunity to develop intermediate business of the bank,to create new space of development and to face the competition and challenges.


To estimate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Junduqing oral liquid for chicken respiratory disease,the chickens were artificially infected by Haemophilusgallinarum.In our study traditional Chinese medicine Wenduqing was set as the control drug.The chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups,which contained four therapeutical groups of 2.0%,1.5%,1.0%and 0.5%Junduqing in water,and three control groups of 1.0%Wenduqing in water,positive control group and negative control group.The water with drug was drunk freely in every group for seven days as a course of treatment.The results showed that the cure rates of the four therapeutical groups were 69.23%,77.78%,81.48%and 62.96%respectively,and Wenduqing control group was 78.57%.The effective rates of these 4 groups with Junduqing were 88.46%,88.80%,94.81%and 81.48%respectively,andWenduqing was 89.29%.There was no significant differences in cure rate and effective rate between 4 Junduqing therapeutical groups and Wenduqing control group.However,there had significant differences between these five groups and the positive control group(P0.05).The experiment demonstrated that Junduqing was an effective traditional Chinese medicine preparation for avian infectious coryza and was better than Wenduqing in same dosage.


Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ◦C). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ◦C and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin. © 2018 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/


This paper reports the study of the charging of a large dielectric plate antenna in space. The work presented here consists of three parts. First, the surface charging of the large dielectric plate antenna and its effects due to aurora precipitate electron. The antenna surface could charge to kV magnitude because of its thick dielectric plate, and the charging rate of the wake surface is nearly two times of the ram surface. Second, a spacecraft charging test equipment with a plasma source and an electron source was used to simulate the charging environment of the antenna components, and discharge was observed. Finally, in order to minimize risks associated with antenna surface charging, a tin oxide (TO) coating based on kapton was applied. It could control surface charging potential below 100 V and the insertion loss of the film was less than 0.1 dB. TO coating on both sides of kapton can be used to minimize the internal charging level.


The idea of hydrogen production by water electrolysis from renewable sources is one of the most obvious methods. It could not only lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, but also to increase the security of energy supply due to the method of clean storage. In this paper, we have borrowed a new method for hydrogen production by adapting the electrolysis to a photovoltaic (PV) source, in order to produce the maximum of hydrogen. The electrolysis is considered as well as an electrical load connected to the photovoltaic system via a DC/DC buck converter, having a system control tracking of maximum power point MPPT P&O, which allows the maximization and control of the power transferred to the electrolysis. Furthermore, this study shows that the maximum hydrogen production is not related to the quantity of water to be electrolyzed, but the need to control the water flow which enters electrolysis according to variations of the power arising from weather changes. The overall results show that for constant power, water flows are simulated by injecting constant resistive loads.


P benzodiazepines (BZDs) for patients receiving opioid agonist therapies is controversial (1). Little has been reported on the regional variation of this practice, a possible marker of clinical uncertainty. We examined regional variation in BZD prescribing for opioid agonist therapy patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) for fiscal year 2010. The sample included 5,409 methadone maintenance patients and 5,690 buprenorphine maintenance patients, representing all VHA patients with an opioid use disorder in maintenance therapy. Medication exposure was determined by fill dates and days' supply, except for methadone maintenance prescriptions, which arenot recorded inVHA administrative data. To be included in the sample, methadone patients had at least two visits to a VHA opioid maintenance clinic and no buprenorphine prescriptions. Concurrent BZD exposure was defined for methadone patients as a BZD prescription and amaintenance clinic visit in the same 30 days; for buprenorphine patients, it was defined as overlapping BZD and buprenorphine prescriptions. Regions were based on the 21 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs). We excluded VISNs in which fewer than five patients were prescribed BZDs or in which the 95% confidence intervals (CI) around the proportion with concurrent BZD prescriptions were greater than 610% (four and two VISNs, respectively, for the methadone analysis only). A comparison of CIs indicated that ten of 11 VISNs with BZD prescribing of #15% for methadone patients and all 16 VISNs with #25% for buprenorphine patients differed significantly from the one VISN with the greatest BZD prescribing within each opioid agonist type. Considerable variation was found in BZDprescribing between the 21 VISNs included for the buprenorphine and the 15 included for the methadone analyses: range for methadone patients, 6.7%– 24.2%; for buprenorphine patients, 11.0%238.5% (Figure 1). Median BZD prescribing was 13.3% for methadone patients (interquartile range [IQR]5 10.0%217.5% ) and 20.2% for buprenorphine patients (IQR515.3%224.3%). BZD prescribing for patients receiving opioid agonist therapy was not uncommon and varied regionally. This variation in practice may reflect prescriber uncertainty. However, research on the reasons behind it and whether it affects outcomes is warranted.


The realization of serial communication programming between a master computer and a slave computer by using TComm control with Delphi in windows environment is introduced together with some specific programs. This method is simple, reliable, practical, easy to transplant, and useful for programmers.


Such frustration will doubtless lead to further Interest in constitutional matters as Martin Smith predicts. His comments on the importance of considering the impact of uninterrupted Conservative rule on our state and its administration are telling ones as are the points about the departmental nature of British government which may be highly inappropriate to deal with the complex interrelated policy issues of the years leading up to the next century.


Review(s) of: The View from a Ninetieth Birthday, by Ernest G. Moll, La Jolla Poets Press, 1992, $10; Spiral, by Marguerite Varday, Medal Poets, 1992, $7; Gravel Corners, by Geoff Page, Angus and Robertson, 1992, $14.95; Secretary to Praise, by Peter Gebhardt, Webber's Publishers, 1992; Lost Things and Other Poems, by Warrick Wynne, Butterfly Books, 1992, $11.95; Australian Alphabet, by Timoshenko Aslanides, Butterfly Books, 1992, $11.95.


The purpose of the study was to determine traffic noise levels by main roads in some built-up areas and to develop a method for calculating these levels from the measurements. The following factors are shown to have a significant effect on the traffic noise: number of vehicles, percentage of heavy vehicles, distance (measured from the centre of the road), speed, height of the observation point, view into the road, wind component perpendicular to the road, humidity, temperature and the use of studded tyres. (TRRL)


World economic crises express the tensions of a system of accumulation impossible to resolve through the normal functioning of the system. The crash of 1929 was followed by a depression definitively overcome through the enormous cost of the Second World War. Following the post-war expansion, the crisis of the 1970s registered an inflection point. From then on successive crises were repeated periodically for the next four decades, with short lapses of recovery, until the outbreak of 2007. This paper reviews the present crisis in the light of those 40 years, analyzing the relevant cycles and structural conditioning, the changes in economic thinking and interests at play, the regularities and divergences of the crises since 1929, the main forces in conflict and the future trends now being fuelled.


In this work we describe a method for measuring the pore size distribution of collagen sponge, which involves image processing of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs. The processing program measures the total area of the pores and calculate its proportion to the total scanned area. A threshold value was set to divide the image into dark areas assumed as pores and bright areas. The porosity of the layer is defined by the ratio between the total volume of the pores to the volume of the entire layer. We compared the porosity obtained by the classical method with the one obtained by SEM image.


The best and most recent study of the history and the future possbilities of revivalism that I know of is W. W. Sweet's Revivalism in America (Scribners, 1944). It is an indispensable book for anyone who would thoroughly explore the potentialities for today and tomorrow of this method of evangelism.* Dr. Sweet seems quite certain that the old type of revivalism can no longer meet religion's needs as it once did, especially among the larger and long established denominations. The only notable exception to the decline of the power of revivals among such groups says the Chicago professor is the Southern Baptist Convention. Undoubtedly he is right. Revivalism, for the present at least, for good or for bad, is on the wane except among the innumerable revivalistic sects and in the Southern Baptist Convention—and there are some signs in some sections that even among us "protracted meetings" are dicountenanced.