This prominent 'stain' on Australian history may appear an unlikely focus for national identity, especially in the eyes of those who, like ourselves, are not Australian-born. Nevertheless it has undeniably played a central role in Australian post-colonial culture. In 1874 Marcus Clarke published his immensely popular work For the Term of His Natural Life, a fictional account of the convict period. In the preface Clarke wrote that his purpose in producing the work was to record the events of the recent past, events that he described as the result of institutional 'blunders' (Clarke 1935 [1874]: iv). Two years later, the theatrical author and actress Eliza Winstanley consciously followed Clarke's theme in her serial paperback novel For Her Natural Life: A Tale of the 1830s (Winstanley 1992 [1876]). Both of these popular melodramatic works were explicitly intended to engender wide Anglo-Australian sympathy for the ancestral felons who had suffered from the flawed British legal system and the brutalities of colonial convict management.


One of the research areas of project management is Project Portfolio Management,which plays an important role to allocate resources rationally and make sure the project to meet the strategic objective.The degrees of the nationality and perfect of RD project management processes are some of the key factors that have great influence on the RD project success.The current situation of RD project management process in enterprises is analyzed.Project Portfolio Management theory is applied to RD project management process based on literature review.RD project management process is put forward in this paper including the whole processes from strategic position,selection optimization,organization implementation to control of enterprises RD Project.


In this paper, hybrid flowshop (HFS) scheduling problems with sequence dependent setup times (SDST) are considered. The objective is to minimise the total tardiness. As these problems were proved to be strongly NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial time hard) type combinatorial optimisation problems, exact methods cannot be used to solve the problems. Hence, many heuristics and meta-heuristics were addressed in the literature to solve the problems. In this paper, discrete version of a recently developed bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm called as discrete firefly algorithm (DFA) is proposed to solve the problems. Extensive computational experiments are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Computational results reveal the success of the proposed algorithm.


Coronary (CAD) and peripheral (PAD) artery disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality, requiring bypass surgery or angioplasty in approximately one million patients/year in the world (MERIT-HF Study Group, 1999). While collateral vessel formation as an alternative pathway for blood supply occurs in some of these patients, many do not form vascular networks adequate to compensate for the loss of the original blood supply (Hirsch et al., 2006). These patients might therefore benefit from stem cell transplantation therapies that would accelerate natural processes of postnatal collateral vessel formation, an approach referred to as therapeutic angiogenesis. On the other hand, recent seminal reports have indicated that the adult heart is self-healing and self-renewing. Specifically, these studies have demonstrated that there is a pool of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that are clonogenic and multipotent and are capable of differentiating into new blood vessels or into new myocytes, and of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) (Marban, 2007). This suggests the possibility of using a therapeutic angiogenesis approach to complement other treatments (e.g., stem cell therapy) that facilitate myocardial repair. Such combined modalities may facilitate myocardial regeneration by inducing endogenous cardiac cells to migrate, differentiate, and proliferate in situ, replacing lost endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes (Urbaneket al., 2005). However, despite recent progress in applying the approaches of regenerative medicine to the treatment of such diseases, valid strategies aimed at repairing the infarcted heart and, in general, at treating end-organ ischemia continue to be elusive. Major obstacles are the difficulty in isolating and delivering stem cells that are specifically effective in myocardial repair, and in stimulating recruitment of endogenous stem cells to the ischemic tissue. To address these issues, there has been increasing focus on novel biotechnologies or pharmacological strategies to enhance the implantation of exogenous stem cells or to boost endogenous regeneration of myocardial tissue. By employing three fundamental "tools", namely stem cells, biomaterials and growth factors (GFs) (Lavik & Langer, 2004; Mikos et al., 2006), such tissue engineering strategies may enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy in several ways: by mobilizing endogenous stem/progenitor cells in vivo; by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation; and by augmenting cell engraftment and survival in the injured myocardium. In general, because of


We introduced and studied GF-regular modules as a generalization of π-regular rings to modules as well as regular modules (in the sense of Fieldhouse). An R-moduleM is called GF-regular if for each x ∈ M and r ∈ R, there exist t ∈ R and a positive integer n such that rntrnx = rx. The notion of G-pure submodules was introduced to generalize pure submodules and proved that an RmoduleM isGF-regular if and only if every submodule ofM isG-pure iffMM is aGF-regular RM-module for each maximal ideal M of R. Many characterizations and properties of GF-regular modules were given. An R-moduleM isGF-regular iff R/ann(x) is a π-regular ring for each 0 ̸ = x ∈ M iff R/ann(M) is a π-regular ring for finitely generated moduleM. IfM is a GF-regular module, then J(M) = 0.


One of the most common hereditary, progressive encephalopathies in children—juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL)—lacks methods for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. A transcervical chorionic villus biopsy was performed at 9 completed weeks in a fetus at high risk of this disease. The syncytiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi contained fingerprint inclusions similar to those observed in various cells from children with this disease. Together with previous reports of second‐trimester diagnosis in a case with late‐infantile NCL (MacLeod et al., 1984, 1985), the presence of typical inclusions in placental tissue sampled at term in the infantile NCL (Rapola et al., 1987) and the lack of pathological alterations in one fetus at high risk of juvenile NCL and without clinical and morphological signs of disease at the age of 15 months (Kohlschutter et al., 1989), our findings strongly indicate that an early prenatal diagnosis of (juvenile) NCL is possible.


The new City of Ottawa, now composed of the Region of Ottawa-Carleton and 11 neighbouring communities has a water distribution system servicing a population base of over 750,000 people. The Region of Ottawa-Carleton had owned and operated the water distribution system in all 11 municipalities since 1969. The potable water systems inventory consists of approximately 2,500 km (1,600 miles) of watermains, 24,000 valves and 14,000 hydrants. The age of the system varies significantly from a very old system, dating back to the 1870s in the core area to relatively new piping in the communities of Kanata, Nepean and Gloucester. The replacement value of the potable system has been estimated to be in excess of $1.5 billion ($1 billion US). The new City's annual budget for conventional watermain replacement is approximately $40 million dollars ($26 million US). Through various methods of investigation, it has been noted that failure due to external corrosion is not as severe on the cast iron pipes. Nevertheless, as the older cast iron mains were unlined, the interior walls of the pipes have been subject to internal build up due to internal corrosion, known as tuberculation, which significantly reduces the hydraulic capacity of the watermains as well as creating red problems.


This cross-sectional, exploratory study uses ClinicalTrials.gov data from trials initiated on or after January 18, 2017, to characterize the use of a new free-text "gender eligibility description" data field; reports the frequency of gender identity terms used; and assesses the correct or incorrect use of the field.


New paleomagnetic results from mid‐Tertiary sedimentary beds in the Santa Monica Mountains reinforce the evidence for large‐scale rotation of the western Transverse Ranges, and anisotropy measurements indicate that compaction‐induced inclination flattening may resolve a long‐standing controversy regarding the original paleolatitude of the rotated block. Previously published paleomagnetic data indicate that post‐Oligocene rotation amounts to 70°–110° clockwise, affecting the Channel Islands, Santa Monica Mountains, and Santa Ynez Mountains. The Sespe Formation near Malibu consists of a lower member dominated by nonmarine sandstone and conglomerate and an upper section, the Piuma Member, which consists of gray‐red sandstone and mudstone interbedded with minor tuff and limestone beds. The Piuma Member has a paleomagnetic pole at 36.6°N, 326.7°E (A95min = 5.0°, A95max = 9.6°), obtained by thermal demagnetization of 34 oriented cores from Oligocene and early Miocene beds. After correcting for plunge of the geologic structure, the data are consistent with significant clockwise rotation (77° ± 7°) of the region relative to stable North America. Rotation of the western Transverse Ranges is generally viewed as a consequence of Pacific–North American plate interactions after 28 Ma, when east–west subduction gave way to northwest transform motion in southern California. Inclinations from the Piuma study indicate a paleolatitude anomaly of 11° ± 7° and are consistent with a mean northward drift that exceeds generally accepted San Andreas fault displacement by a factor of 3. However, sedimentary inclination error may accentuate the anomaly. Anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization indicates inclination flattening of approximately 8°, and correction for the effect reduces the paleolatitude anomaly to 5.3° ± 5.8°. Compaction may explain the inclination flattening in these sedimentary rocks, but the process does not adequately explain lower‐than‐expected inclinations found in previous studies of Miocene volcanic rocks of the western Transverse Ranges.


IN the Proceedings of the Royal Society for February 1886, I published, in conjunction with my friend Mr Bayliss, the results of an investigation, showing that the process of secretion in the salivary glands of the dog and cat was accompanied by definite electrical variations. The following communication contains the results of work carried on during the year 1886, on the parotid of the dog and cat, and the submaxillary of the latter. The results communicated to the Royal Society and elsewhere', summed up shortly, were as follows: In the dog, excitation of the chorda caused a large variation, indicating the surface of the gland to become negative to the hilus; and excitation of the sympathetic caused the outer surface to become positive to the hilus, this variation being neither so rapid nor so great as the chorda effect. In the cat excitation of the chorda, or of the sympathetic caused a diphasic variation. Finally in the parotid of the dog, excitation of the tympanic plexus, caused the surface of the gland to become negative to the hilus, and excitation of the sympathetic caused the surface to become positive to the hilus. It seemed desirable, as these results were very constant and definite, to continue the work, and try to determine if possible, which of the many changes that occur during the activity of these glands, are concerned in the production of the electrical phenomena.


Corn seed was planted on 16 Apr at the Southeastern Branch Experiment Station, Burke County. Soil type was a Marlboro sandy loam. A randomized complete block design was used with 2-row plots × 20 ft long × 38 inch row width with 3 ft alleys and 6 replications. Granules were applied in a 15-cm band at planting. All plants in each plot were examined for southern corn billbug damage on 2, 9, and 16 May. Yield was determined by harvesting all ears in each plot on 4 Sep.


Access to information in general and to environmental information in particular is an indispensable right of every individual. It is instrumental in empowering citizens to fully participate in the operations of their government so as to hold it accountable. With the advancement of technology, mankind is exploiting vast natural resources through both the public and private sector leading to huge environmental degradation. Addressing this environmental concern necessitates raising the awareness of the general public by guaranteeing individuals the right of access to environmental information. This book delves deep into existing international and regional human rights instruments and explore the legal basis for the protection of the right of access to environmental information.


An algorithm has been developed that calculates and obtains information about nonlinear contributions in accelerators. The comparison of the results obtained from this program ''NONLIN'' and HARMON is discussed and illustrated for the SSC-CDR clustered lattices.


Currently in LACETEL, Research & Development Telecommunications Institute, Cuba, it is under development a DTMB tool, built on the hardware of commercial TV receivers. The present work focuses on the development of the needed functionalities over two different hardware platforms. It is covered the main functionalities implemented so far, the monitoring of signal parameters, its presentation on screen and the workflow for statistics processing. Since the result is to transform TV receivers into measuring instruments, it is also described the process followed for calibration and adjustment of the parameters being measured by the tools.


Disclosed is a circuit for enhancing the robustness of a sub-threshold SRAM memory cell. The circuit functions as an auxiliary circuit of the sub-threshold SRAM memory cell, and the output of the circuit is connected to a PMOS transistor in the sub-threshold SRAM memory cell and the substrate of the PMOS transistor within the circuit. The circuit comprises a PMOS transistor threshold voltage detection circuit in the SRAM memory cell and an amplifier having a differential input and a single-ended output. By means of voltage fluctuations of PMOS transistor and NMOS transistor, thresholds induced by a detection technique, the voltage of the PMOS transistor in the sub-threshold SRAM memory cell and of the substrate of the PMOS substrate in the circuit are self-adaptively changed, thereby adjusting the threshold voltage and matching the threshold voltage of the PMOS with the threshold voltage of the NMOS. Noise margin of the sub-threshold SRAM memory cell is thus enhanced, and the robustness of said memory cell is also effectively enhanced.


The present paper shows and discusses some of the results obtained within an experimental campaign carried out on RC beams strengthened in shear by externally bonded FRP sheets. In particular, the objective of the paper is to analyze the influence of the shear spanto effective depth ratio on the behaviour of the strengthened beams. With this aim, the obtained results in terms of strength, cracking distribution and modes of failure, have been compared on the basis of the different slenderness values. Moreover, in order to study the effectiveness of the theoretical formulations proposed by codes, the obtained results have been compared with the theoretical ones deduced by the ACI and the CNR code–format recommendations.


This article introduces development of the power line communication equipment at the digitize time. We put forward stand point to classification, composition, multiplex technology, network mangement and so on, then provide some datum. Our purpose is promotion development of the power line digital communication equipment and establish correlative standard.


PURPOSE: Five bit is assigned to each sub channel of the orthogonal frequency division multiplex by using the signal constellation having used three dimension space lattice type signal constellation the implementation issue is the space lattice type structure for three dimension orthogonal frequency division multiplex apparatus and apparatus thereof. CONSTITUTION: Serial and parallel converter(200) parallel change the serial input signal. Three dimension signal mapping part(210) respectively maps the paralleled input signals as described above to three dimension coordinate points of the space lattice type signal constellation. The reverse furier transform(220) is proceed the inverse Fourier transform by being created two dimension matrix based on the mapped three dimension coordinate points as described above. A parallel-serial converter(230) serially changes the parallel signals which are inverse Fourier transformed as described above.


Daniel M. Knight, History, Time, and Economic Crisis in Central Greece. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2015. 210 pp.Analytical narratives of the "Greek crisis" have been appearing across the board. Anthropological work has focused primarily on the political aspect of this holistic phenomenon. A total social fact of historical proportions, this enduring critical condition in a region favored for decades by ample anthropological attention is now calling for urgent ethnographic, yet historicized, approaches. Such approaches have a burden: the ethnography must be situated in a broader context, appreciating two time lapses. First, the rich intellectual inquiry produced by the anthropological concern in the culture and society of a place caught in much debate over nationalism and migration, violence and patronage, kinship and memory, food and politics; and second, the much discussed temporal fusions that Greeks attempt, bridging different historical divides and bringing forward a vivid depiction of current events in the light of worries, woes, and wounds past.It is in this tradition, and following this need, that Daniel Knight's interesting book is positioned. It provides an account of lived and living memory, as well as a story of shifts, situated in what the author explains from the start as an inquiry that "straddles a period when nearly three decades of prosperity were quite suddenly replaced by austerity and perpetual crisis" (2). Chapter 1 discusses how Greece passed from what Knight sees as a prosperity period to one of crisis. Chapter 2 explains the methods and provides details on the geography of the site, as well as on how ethnography was conducted, while the chapter after that offers a historical overview of land tenure between 1881-1923. Chapter 4 makes connections between current famine discourses and the 1940s Occupation experience, while the fifth chapter argues that Trikalinoi are much less inclined to remember the Civil War that followed the Occupation. Chapter 6 ponders on forms of protest associated with food claims and discourses, and makes references to suicide. Chapters 7 and 8 are concerned with changes, in the move from prosperity to crisis in both the public sphere and private life in Trikala, especially considering social status. The brief final chapter concludes with thoughts on time and crisis.In this context of historical change-and of what has elsewhere been addressed as historically condensed time-the author traces what he calls "cultural proximity," that is, the momentary or persistent conjoining of different points in time in people's perceptions of crisis. The book suggests that the residents of Trikala, a town in the agricultural region of Thessaly, Central Greece, experience the hardships that austerity measures brought about in their material circumstances by evoking past events, and drawing on comparisons and analogies from a temporal setting of uneasiness. The lived memory of the Great Famine during the Axis Occupation (1941) is here a primary point of reference in local understanding. For most people, this memory is transmogrified through the narratives of those more senior. Indeed, most people seem to refer to the peina (hunger) of that semantic period making comparisons with their current conditions of life. Knight draws on these correspondences to suggest that Trikalinoi are "hungry with the same famine" as their erstwhile selves or older relatives had been in the 1940s (64-84). Importantly, these hunger narratives are forged "in the house-thus creating a genealogy of this crisis connected directly to 'the moment'" (72).Memory is selective, however. Knight suggests that the significant decade of the 1940s is not only remembered and relived, but also partly forgotten. The ethnographer claims that the Greek Civil War (1946-1949; or by other accounts, 1944-1949) is a period little pondered by contemporary Trikalinoi, although some of its significant events took place in their town. …


The protection and preservation of the marine environment forms a key part of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS or LOSC). This chapter considers the provisions of the protection of the marine environment from the perspective of the Area by dealing with the concepts of due diligence, precautionary approach, environmental impact assessment (EIA), and cooperation. Where it is relevant, the jurisprudence of the Tribunal will be cited. The degree of due diligence seems to vary from one field to another. Due diligence in ensuring safety requires a State to keep abreast of technological changes and scientific developments. Environmental impact assessment is now considered a requirement under general international law where there is a risk that the proposed activity may have a significant adverse impact in a transboundary context. Keywords:due diligence; environmental impact assessment (EIA); international law; marine environment; UNCLOS


Previous research showed that a RIP like protein from Carica papaya L. leaves was available on 60 – 80% saturation ammonium sulfate fraction. In this research cytotoxicity assay of the protein fractions was carried out on HeLa cell lines. RIP-like protein from Carica papaya L. leaves, isolated leg ammonium sulfat saturation was prepared based on the ability of cleaving double stranded supercoiled DNA. This fraction was then tested its cytotoxicity on HeLa cell lines. The results indicated that fraction at 60% and 80% saturation possessed lower activity with the LC50 of 1,35 mg/ml and 0,936 mg/ml, respectively compared to the crude extracts (LC50 0,623 mg/ml). The higher toxicity level of the crude extract might be caused also by toxicity of other compounds containing in the crude extract. Key word : cytotoxicity, protein fraction, HeLa cell line


Wat Tham Suwankuha in Nongbualumbhu province, originally a part of Lan Chang Kingdom, was built in the reign of King Chaichetthathiraj ( 1548- 1571 A.D.), the Lan Chang King who related with Chiang Mai Dynasty by blood and he had reigned Chiang Mai City for a period of time. The influence of Lanna Art has greatly flown through Lan Chang Kingdom during his reign. Besides influenced from Lanna Art, lion-base of Buddha image and Chedi in Ayutthaya style has also been found at Wat Tamsuwankuha, Nonbbualumbhu. The lion-base here showed the mid Ayutthya style and it was probably came together with squared-lotus Chedi which later had been adapted to the unique style of Lan Chang. The appearance of Ayutthaya art at Wat Tamsuwankuha may have originated in the reign of King Chaichetthathiraj who had close relation with King Mahachakkrapat of Ayutthaya. Based on these conditions, it is reasonable to assume that the stylistic of Ayutthaya art came to Lan Chang around 16th-17th Century as appeared at Wat Tamsuwankuha, Nongbualumbhu.


Stop motion animation has made a comeback this year thanks to profound works like Mary and Max and $9.99 reigniting the imagination of audiences. Rodney Appleyard looks at how Films are blending old and new techniques to revitalise the art form.


Prevalent co-location pattern mining aims to find a subset of spatial features whose instances are frequently located together in geo-space. Sub-prevalent co-location pattern mining attains co-location patterns with richer spatial relationships based on star instance model instead of clique instance model. Further, discovering dominant features in a sub-prevalent co-location pattern is important to reveal the interaction relationship between spatial features and improve the application of the pattern. However, the methods for mining sub-prevalent co-location pattern with dominant feature use a distance threshold to determine the binary neighbor relationship between spatial instances, and ignore the fuzziness of neighbor relationship which can give a rise to the fuzziness of dominance relationship between spatial features. Thus, this paper presents mining fuzzy sub-prevalent co-location pattern with dominant feature by exploring spatial instance distribution based on the fuzzy theory. Specifically, a novel pattern, fuzzy sub-prevalent co-location pattern with dominant feature, is proposed by defining the fuzzy neighbor relationship between spatial instances and the fuzzy dominant relationship between spatial features. Then, an efficient algorithm to mine the proposed patterns is designed by utilizing the anti-monotonicity of fuzzy star participation index and fuzzy star dominance index to prune unpromising patterns. The experimental results show that the proposed patterns are practical and the mining algorithm is efficient.


From agencies big and small throughout the government, the litany at the one-year mark of the Carter Administration is pretty much the same: the problems are worse than we realized, and correctives will take longer than we thought. The ebullience of last January has vanished, replaced by a kind of punch-drunk wariness and puzzlement over why it is so difficult to get things done in the government of the most powerful nation. Among the few exceptions, however, is a most improbable one. It is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), traditionally the leakiest and least navigable scow in the sprawling . . .


The archives of the nature and mission,the decision it has a wide range of social function,namely that it had not only preserve and accumulate riches of the national archives and records information on social media and education,social and economic,political,scientific and cultural aspects of the service function.


Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary net energy content (NE) on performance and carcass traits of finishing barrows fed low-crude protein (CP) diets. Pigs (60.0±1.05kg, Exp. 1, 93.0±1.56kg, Exp. 2) were allotted in a randomized block design to 3 dietary treatments. Exp. 1 had 6 pens treatment-1 and Exp. 2 had 8 pens treatment-1 and all pens had 2 pigs. The treatments were: 199g kg-1 CP and 2566kcal kg-1 NE, 155g kg-1 CP and 2631kcal kg-1 NE, 155gk g-1 CP and 2566kcal kg-1 NE in Exp. 1, and 180g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 NE, 145g kg-1 CP and 2638kcal kg-1 NE, 145g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 NE, in Exp. 2. In Ep.1, except for average daily gain (ADG) there was no effect of dietary CP or NE on any other parameter evaluated. The diet with 155g kg-1 CP and 2566kcal kg-1 NE resulted in greatest ADG. In Exp. 2, the greatest results of ADFI and ADG were obtained with 145g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 of NE. Pigs fed the diet with 180g kg-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 NE had less carcass meat. There was no effect of dietary CP or NE on backfat. The CP diet containing 2566kcal kg-1 NE resulted in greatest ADG of 60- to 95-kg barrows. For 95- to 120-kg barrows the diet with 145gk g-1 CP and 2588kcal kg-1 of NE resulted in greatest ADG and carcass meat.


Dynamic in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of poly(vinyl alcohol)−poly(acrylic acid) (PVA−PAA) composite films are presented. Thin films immobilized on glass substrates were conditioned over time in aqueous media. Dynamic measurements consisted of thickness (swelling ratio) and optical constant changes in time. The films displayed anomalous diffusion that was characterized by fast initial swelling followed by a much slower thickness reduction. A simple mechanism based on polymer network relaxation was proposed as the likely explanation for thickness reduction. A diffusion/relaxation formalism was used to quantitatively model measured data. From this modeling the diffusion coefficient of water and the network relaxation rate constants were estimated for three different types of composite films that differed in the degree of cross-linking. The diffusion Deborah number was estimated to be a high value ((DEB)D ≈ 5 × 103) which suggested elastic diffusion and non-Fickian behavior. Slow polymer network ...


This letter investigates a metamaterial composed of ring resonators that are randomly distributed in space both in their positions and their orientation. Such metamaterial behaves as an amorphous material with isotropic response. The main problem of the fabrication of this material is the spread of resonant frequencies of particular planar ring resonators. This spread is caused by tolerances of the fabrication process of planar resonators. Simulation shows that there is a limit of the dispersion of resonant frequencies allowing the metamaterial to behave as metamaterial with negative effective permeability. The amorphous metamaterial with negative permeability was fabricated, and measurement verified the simulation.


Summary Major changes worldnwide suggest that Australian agriculture has a major economic role to play in supplying food to meet the worldis needs. We should anticipate there will shortly be increasing demand for our primary products which will contribute significantly to Australiais wealth. The reasons for this prediction include: i World population pressures i An increasing awareness in the developed world of the pollution of land, air and water, necessitating a downnturn in fuel, fertilizer and chemical use, particularly in Europe and North America


We derive a generalized version of the work fluctuation theorem for nonequilibrium systems with spatio-temporal temperature fluctuations. For χ 2-distributed inverse temperature we obtain a generalized fluctuation theorem based on q-exponentials, whereas for other temperature distributions more complicated formulae arise. Since q-exponentials have a power law decay, the decay rate in this generalized fluctuation theorem is much slower than the conventional exponential decay. This implies that work fluctuations can be of relevance for the design of micro or nano structures, since the work done on the system is relatively much larger than in the conventional fluctuation theorem.


Geotectonically the Fengyang and Zhangbaling regions belong to the North China craton and the Dabie-Sulu orogene, respectively. Neo-Archean gneiss and amphibolite and metamor-phosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks are the main outcrops in the two regions, respectively. The Zhangbaling terrane strike-skipped along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in Mesozoic and Cenozo-ic eras and got close to the Fengyang terrane. Mesozoic Yanshanian intrusions occur broadly in the two regions. Gold-bearing quartz veins occur in the metamorphic rocks in the Fengyang region and in the granodiorite and metamorphosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks in the Zhangbaling region.Generally, the formation of the auriferous quartz veins involved three stages. At the first stage, gold-poor sulfide quartz veins were formed; at the second stage gold-rich quartz sulfide veins were formed; and at the third stage gold-poor barite and/or carbonate veins were formed. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating plateau ages of the first-stage and the second-stage quartz aggregates from the Zhuding, Maoshan and Shangcheng gold deposits range between 116.1 + 0.6 Ma and 118.3 + 0.5 Ma and are pretty close to their least apparent ages and isochronal ages, respectively. All plat-eau, least apparent and isochronal ages range between 113.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 118.3 ± 0.5 Ma,which are considered as the formation age range of the quartz. It is reasonable and reliable to take the 40Ar/39Ar age range of the quartz as the formation age range of gold-bearing quartz veins on the basis of spatial relationship between gold-bearing quartz veins and their country rocks. The gold deposits in the two regions were formed in Aptian, Cretaceous, when the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone moved as a normal fault with slightly right-lateral strike-skip, was extensional and expe-rienced very strong magmatic process. It is shown that the magmatic hydrothermal fluid is a very important part of the gold ore-forming hydrothermal fluid in the Fengyang and Zhangbaling re-gions. The formation of the gold ore d


Post-diving tubular pump is always used in large-discharge & low-head irrigation or storm drainage pumping station, its impeller and motor share the same shaft. Considering diving tubular pump system's excellent hydraulic performance, compact structure, good noise resistance and low operating cost, it is used in Chinese pump stations. To study the hydraulic performance and pressure fluctuation of inlet and outlet passage in diving tubular pump system, both of steady and unsteady full flow fields are numerically simulated at three flow rate conditions by using CFD commercial software. The asymmetry of the longitudinal structure of inlet passage affects the flow pattern on outlet. Especially at small flow rate condition, structural asymmetry will result in the uneven velocity distribution on the outlet of passage inlet. The axial velocity distribution uniformity increases as the flow rate increases on the inlet of passage inlet, and there is a positive correlation between hydraulic loss in the passage inlet and flow rate's quadratic. The axial velocity distribution uniformity on the outlet of passage inlet is 90% at design flow rate condition. The predicted result shows the same trend with test result, and the range of high efficiency area between predicted result and test result is almost identical. The dominant frequency of pressure pulsation is low frequency in inlet passage at design condition. The dominant frequency is high frequency in inlet passage at small and large flow rate condition. At large flow rate condition, the flow pattern is significantly affected by the rotation of impeller in inlet passage. At off-design condition, the pressure pulsation is strong at outlet passage. At design condition, the dominant frequency is 35.57Hz, which is double rotation frequency.


Purpose - – This paper aims to examine the impact of a reduction in tick size on the information content of the order book by using data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). Design/methodology/approach - – To estimate the information content of the order book, the modified information share proposed by Hasbrouck and extended by Lien and Shrestha is used in this paper. Findings - – The empirical results show that the limit order book is informative. Furthermore, the results indicate that a reduction in tick size will decrease the information content of the order book and the decrease in the information content of the order book is positively related to the thinner order book. Originality/value - – This paper suggests that, in order to enhance the information content of the order book, the TWSE should disclose the full limit order book.


In this report various Kalman filtering algorithms as applicable to the problem of13; target tracking are discussed. The constant gain alpha-beta-gamma filter is also13; discussed. Some results of performance comparison using MATL 3O are given in13; this report.


Relates to: (Sequential Lateral Solidification SLS) The present invention relates to a method for the crystallization to induce the continuous lateral growth of silicon crystal grains (grain) in the silicon crystallization method using a relates to a method of crystallizing silicon, in particular a laser beam (laser beam). An object of the present invention is to remove the shot marks (shot mark) caused by discrete regions of the crystal occurring when holding a crystallization process, x- direction. To this end, the time to configure a continuous lateral growth crystal Purification mask (mask), and hold the slit (slit), the length of the mask, unlike the prior art, and the width (parallel to the width and the crystal grain growth direction) is shortened configuration, the crystallization after the x-direction when going in progress the crystallization by moving the size of the mask, it characterized in that it does not move in the y direction of the progress of crystallization in the -x direction reverse again. In this case, it is necessary when moving the first mask in the reverse direction, time laser shots to stop without being briefly surveys necessary. That is, the moment that is required to re-triggering conditions (triggering) has stopped, and a further feature of the present invention to control it via the control device. The same method described above, a discontinuous area of the crystal who occurs in the x direction does not occur there is an advantage which is not observed shot marks (shot mark) on the screen.


Background/Context In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, Florida's Mockingbird Public Schools (MPS) received approximately 3,500 students from Puerto Rico. The response to the displacement of Puerto Rican families involved quick decision-making by several stakeholders about how to receive students experiencing trauma and housing insecurity, and whose parents were under- or unemployed. How students experiencing displacement are integrated into their receiving districts is critical to their subsequent educational success and, given increases in extreme natural disasters, we need a better understanding of what care looks like in post-displacement contexts. Purpose Using a care framework, and drawing from interviews with district administrators, school personnel, high school students, and their caregivers, we examine the ways in which MPS enacted care toward Puerto Rican families as well as the ways in which families received such care. Research Design We conducted semi-structured interviews with a variety of MPS stakeholders. These included district personnel (10 interviewees), school personnel (38 interviewees), and families (40 interviewees among students and their caregivers). Analyses were conducted by four research team members by applying a constant comparative approach using NVivo software. Findings/Results Findings show that care was most successfully enacted and received when addressing families' immediate needs, in contrast to supports for mental health needs, which were seen as insufficient by most stakeholders. Furthermore, we found supports for academic success were inconsistently deployed and unevenly received by students and their families, thus shaping students' access to educational opportunities. Conclusion As educational disruptions and climate-related displacement becomes more common, it is important for receiving districts to develop policies and practices that facilitate displaced families' access to quality education. MPS enactment of care was shaped by the local communities' perceptions of themselves as caring individuals and organizations that felt compelled to aid people fleeing devastation in Puerto Rico. Yet, as Gay indicated, benevolence is not enough; displaced children need educational spaces willing to interrogate and disrupt socio-political and economic injustice in service of students' personal, academic, and professional well-being. In MPS, we saw the limits of such benevolence reflected in deficit-oriented narratives about Puerto Rican students' language proficiency and academic preparation, some personnel's unwillingness to support Spanish-dominant Puerto Rican children, and on the pushback against relief efforts experienced by district and school personnel. As a result, these truncated views on caring led to divergent experiences of caring across families, and inconsistent access to rigorous curricula and high academic expectations.


Lattice constants and temperatures corresponding to maximum dielectric permittivity were investigated for compositions in the barium titanate-rich portion of the system barium titanate–barium stannate–strontium titanate. Substitution of tin for titanium increases the lattice constant at room temperature, and substitution of strontium for barium decreases this parameter. Both types of substitution decrease the Curie temperature; tin is about twice as effective as strontium in this regard. Properties of bodies containing both tin and strontium are intermediate between those of bodies containing either alone.


A new separation medium, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐g‐poly(ethyleneoxide) (PNIPAM‐g‐PEO) solution, used for double‐stranded (ds) DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. This type of grafted copolymer has a good self‐coating ability for quartz capillary tubing and a slightly temperature‐dependent viscosity‐adjustable property, making it easier to use. One bp resolution was achieved within 12.5 min by using 8% w/v PNIPAM‐g‐PEO in 1 × TBE (Tris‐borate‐ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid) buffer with an effective column length of 10 cm and an applied electric field strength of 200 V/cm. The PNIPAM‐g‐PEO solutions had a high sieving ability for relatively small sized DNAs with the relative standard derivation for the first 10 runs being less than 0.9% by using the same polymer solution. With 8% w/v PNIPAM‐g‐PEO solution in a 1.5 cm column and 2400 V as the running voltage, ΦX174/HaeIII digest could be clearly separated within 24 s.


The thesis deals with relationship among the personality dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R), alexithymia (measured by Toronto Alexithymia Scale – TAS-20), depression (measured by Beck Depression Inventory – BDI-II) and anxiety (measured by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale – SAS). The aim of this research study is to investigate these relationships in Czech 18-year-old adolescent sample (N = 252), the participants in longitudinal study ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). In terms of gender differences, girls scored higher in Reward Dependence, Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, as well as on the anxiety scale (SAS), whereas there were no significant differences in neither of the other personality dimensions nor alexithymia and depression scale. Furthermore, we found positive correlations between Harm Avoidance and alexithymia (r = 0,303, p < 0,01), depression (r = 0,465, p < 0,01) and anxiety (r = 0,447, p < 0,01). On the contrary, there were negative correlations between Self-Directedness and alexithymia (r = -0,399, p < 0,01), depression (r = -0,467, p < 0,01) and anxiety (r = -0,406, p < 0,01). Finally, a typology based on cluster analysis of Cloninger's personality dimensions was introduced and particular types were compared in terms of their alexithymia, depression and anxiety.


Education for all, what does it mean? For me, that all children have the right to education and are given possibilities to obtain this right. Though, is that the reality for all children in practice? Several reports, national as well as international, indicate that this is not the case for undocumented children in Sweden, despite their right to actual enjoyment of the rights protected in the Convention of the Right of the Child.

The Convention provides detailed guidance as to how the right is to be enjoyed. Sweden have through an amendment in the Education Act given undocumented children a legal right to education. However, it is not enough to adhere to the rights on paper if this is not given effect in practice.

The aim of this thesis is to clarify what the obstacles are for these children to obtain their right to education in Sweden. I have identified several obstacles that have to be overcome in order to achieve and improve availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability in education. In addition to not providing access to individual fundamental rights of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the right to education will continue to be limited for this group of children in Sweden.

I have evaluated the actions taken by Swedish authorities in order to give undocumented children right to education. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the obstacles are severe and that these children's enjoyment of the right is dismal. Sweden's legislative and administrative measures for implementation of the right to education in the Convention on the Rights of the Child have not given effect. Undocumented children do not enjoy the right in practice, despite their de facto legal right in the Education Act. However, children's rights cannot only be rights on paper; they have to consist of actual enjoyment.

In the final chapter of my thesis I have four recommendations on how the Government and Riksdag need to act in order to fulfil its obligations of the Convention and achieve a positive outcome concerning the right to education for undocumented children. The recommendations are:
- Make the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law.
- Change the police legislation and prohibit the police to collect or search for undocumented children in or in direct adherence to school.
- Strengthen the Right to Information concerning undocumented children's right to education.
- Facilitate support on distance in the child's mother tongue.

The above recommendations will fulfill the obligations under the Convention and realize undocumented children's right to education. This will include them in the concept education for all.


The invention provides a television screenshot method and a television. The method comprises the steps of judging whether a physical signal source is inputted to the television after a screenshot request is received; if yes, then acquiring a display image of the physical signal source, and a window level range of at least one application in the screenshot request; acquiring a screenshot of the display image, and acquiring an interface screenshot of the application according to the window level range of the application; overlaying the screenshot of the display image and the interface screenshot of the application, and acquiring a first overlaid interface screenshot; or else, acquiring a window level range of a plurality of applications in the screenshot request; respectively acquiring the interface screenshot of each application according to the window level range of the applications; and overlaying the interface screenshot of each application and acquiring a second overlaid interface screenshot. The television screenshot method provided by the invention can obtain an interface screenshot overlaid by an application interface and a display image interface, and an interface screenshot overlaid by a plurality of application interfaces.


The present invention relates to a positioning system and method that allows a roving position receiver can determine its own position. It includes - (hereinafter referred to as Device positioning) positioning system positioning another specific transceiver that receives at least one reference positioning signal from the device unit, and / or other qualified reference positioning signal source. Each of the received positioning signal preferably comprises a carrier component, a pseudorandom code component, and data component. The Positioning-Unit Device in response to the received reference positioning signals and their known locations to generate a unique positioning signal. Unique positioning signal is a chronologically synchronized to one or more pseudo-random code components of the chronologically synchronized to one or more of the carrier components of the received reference positioning signal carrier component, the received reference positioning signals, a pseudo-random code component, and the received reference positioning signal of the data element has a chronologically synchronized to one or more data elements. Once a Positioning-Unit Device is chronologically synchronized to when the reference transmitter, other Positioning coupled to the network-unit devices can be used as a positioning signal based on its unique positioning signal transmissions. The positioning synchronization with these chronological-geographical distribution of Unit Device positioning signal time of passing a reference time base for a significant geographical area - and generates a synchronous network. Positioning system also includes a roving position receiver. The roving position receiver is synchronized to the received timeline pseudorandom code and the data element by a range measurement for each of the code-range for each of the can to create a point positioning, synchronized to the received timeline carrier component-based single It may generate a single-point-based positioning-carrier by the measurement. The roving position receiver code and carrier - can be calculated based on a single-point solution can be calculated both on its own and further his position without the need for time and accuracy in the differential correction network. The roving receiver, positioning and location, the transceiver


Artificial sweetener sucralose was utilized for preparation of flavoured milk with a view to optimize the level of it for preparation of flavoured milk. The experimental treatments viz., No addition of sucralose (T0), addition of 100 ppm sucralose (T1), addition of 150 ppm sucralose (T2) and addition of 200 ppm sucralose (T3) and 6 % sugar (for control)were finalized on the basis of sensory evaluation. The experimental samples were evaluated for sensory, chemical and microbiological qualities. The standard methods were followed for analysis. The flavoured milk samples were chemically analysed for fat, protein, lactose, total solids, acidity and pH. The samples were enumerated for SPC, YMC and coliform counts. The sensory attributes i.e. colour and appearance, consistency, flavour and overall acceptability of the product significantly (P< 0.05) influenced due to addition of sucralose. It was observed that there was significant (p < 0.05) differences in the total solids content, fat, lactose, acidity and pH of the product due to addition of sucralose. The SPC counts of flavoured milk due to addition of sucralose significantly (p < 0.05) influenced. There was no of yeast and mould counts observed in flavoured milk samples on day 0 but the range was 1.14 x 10-2.16 x 10 cfu/ml from 3 to 5 day of storage .The better quality flavoured milk can be prepared by addition of 150 ppm sucralose.


years scientists have investigated the potential of multiple electrode arrays in electromyography recording and analysis, and whilst many systems remain rather complex, the technique of small surface electrodes arranged at specific distances has shown potential as a means of non-invasively assessing changes in muscle morphology and function. This project investigates the use of double-differentiated evoked surface electromyography recordings in lambs during the early postnatal period to assess the development of m. Longissimus dorsi and m. Biceps femoris. Findings are discussed in terms of parameters that have been shown to predict muscle fibre composition and in relation to meat quality indicators.


•  What is the central question of this study? In some cultured cells, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is required for activation of Akt by insulin. However, this is not the case in other cell or tissue types, including skeletal muscle. Furthermore, it is not known whether ATM plays a role in skeletal muscle insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) signalling. •  What is the main finding and its importance? We found that IGF‐1 caused autophosphorylation of ATM in skeletal muscle. However, IGF‐1‐stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, p70 S6 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (but not insulin receptor substrate 1) was impaired in C2C12 myotubes with reduced ATM expression and/or muscle from ATM‐haploinsufficient mice. These findings demonstrate activation of ATM by IGF‐1 and a role for ATM in IGF‐1 signalling downstream of insulin receptor substrate 1.


The familiar model of a nucleon as a Dirac particle with Pauli anomalous magnetic moment is used to obtain cross sections for antiproton annihilation into two photons, two electrons, or two muons. The two-photon lifetime of the $n^{1}S_{0}$ state of the proton-antiproton atom is $\ensuremath{\approx}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}{n}^{3}$ sec.


Connective tissue neoplasms or soft tissue tumours as they are popularly called are mesenchymal neoplasms that affect any part of the body. They occur frequently in all organs including the head and neck region and the oral cavity is no exception. The frequency of their occurrence contributes to 15 - 20 % of all head and neck neoplasms and neoplasms of oral cavity form 1 - 4 % of the reported lesions,1,2 representing 2.2 % of all lipomas.3 In a study by Moreno SE et al. in 2016 the most frequently affected sites were the buccal mucosa followed by the lips, tongue, palate, and other areas of the oral cavity.4Here we are documenting a case occurring in the buccal mucosa.


A brief introduction and overview is given of the complexity that is possible and the challenges its study poses in many-body systems in which spatial dimension is irrelevant and naively one might have expected trivial behaviour.


Motile cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells show photomovement with respect to the light stimulus. Under lateral irradiation, Synechocystis displays a phototactic gliding movement toward the light source by a twodimensional random biased walk. Under vertical irradiation, Synechocystis decreased the frequency of mean vectorial gliding speed dependent on the applied fluence rate, whereas the deviation distribution width of the speed increased. This strongly suggests the involvement of photokinesis. Evidence for the cyanobacterial photokinesis was discussed in the previous report (Choi et al., 1999. Photochem. Photobiol. 70, 95-102) demonstrating that the gross scalar speed of vertically irradiating cells increased by about 50% compared with that of dark-adapted cells. In the visible wavelength range, Synechocystis cells showed a maximal photokinetic activity at 420 nm and a second maximal activity at 680 nm. The threshold action spectrum for the photokinesis resembles the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll with major differences in the phototaxis action spectrum at 560 nm and 660 nm. We postulate that the cyanobacterial photokinesis is powered by the energy-generating chlorophyll pigments.


Introduction: The term Leukoaraiosis (leuko, white, and araiosis, rarefaction) was introduced in 1987 by Hachinski to define areas appearing white matter Hypodense computed tomography (CT), later identified as hyperintense areas in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in T2 sequence, called white matter lesions related to age, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Clinical symptoms are usually associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, motor deficits, headache, urinary disturbances and cognitive impairment. Its prevalence varies between 24 and 33% in individuals over 65 years of age and rarely occurs below. Case report: MAS, 19, male, black, diagnosed with type 1 DM since childhood, illegal drug use, alcohol use since 12 years and without adequate nutritional follow-up starts at 16 intense daily headache frame, holocranial, pulsatile without drug improves and evolves with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (TCG) six months after the onset. Passes the course with repeated admissions for acute episodes of misunderstood speech, headache and unmotivated laughter, with progressive motor impairment in left hemisphere, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence, always being released without diagnosis. Presented then seizure TCG, evolving to eat for a month. In diagnostic research, MRI showed areas of encephalomalacia in both brain hemispheres, suggesting chronic ischemic insult. At biopsy, suggesting necrotizing encephalitis glioma or pseudotumoral toxoplasmosis. For immunohistochemistry, the absence of evidence neuoplasica and negative for toxoplasmosis. Discussion: considering the evolution, chronic ischemia visualized on MRI, diagnostic differential exclusion and underlying disease decompensated as strong risk factor, the patient was diagnosed with microangiopathic leukoencephalopathy. The lack of appropriate treatment of MD and diagnostic investigation led to the delay in diagnosis and worsening the patient's prognosis.


In this paper, we propose mobile ad hoc network configuration and its autonomous network construction method for efficiency and scalability of media streaming for mobile smart devices. To provide scalable network configuration for streaming traffic distribution, an IEEE 802.11 infrastructure network and ad hoc networks are hierarchically built. The proposed method autonomously configures a hierarchical streaming network by competition based on performance and states of devices and the wireless network, not depending on any specific nodes. Finally, we conduct performance measurement for the proposed configuration and analyze the experimental result. 논문 15-40-03-12 The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences '15-03 Vol.40 No.03 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.3.516 516 ※ 본 연구는 미래창조과학부 및 정보통신산업진흥원의 IT/SW 창의연구과정의 연구결과로 수행되었고(NIPA-2013-H0502-13-1099), 교 육과학기술부와 한국연구재단의 지역혁신인력양성사업으로 수행된 연구결과이며(2012H1B8A2025942), 2012년도 정부(교육과학기 술부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(2012R1A1A2006331). First Author : Keimyung University, Department of Computer Engineering, email@example.com, 학생회원 ° Corresponding Author : Keimyung University, Department of Computer Engineering, firstname.lastname@example.com, 종신회원 * Keimyung University, Department of Computer Engineering, {heegoang0426, email@example.com, 학생회원 논문번호:KICS2014-09-362, Received September 26, 2014; Revised January 2, 2015; Accepted February 17, 2015 논문 / 모바일 스마트 기기들 간의 확장성 있는 미디어 스트리밍을 위한 자율적인 Ad hoc 네트워크 형성 기법


RESULTS: Of 267 patients with PD who met the study inclusion criteria, new-onset gambling or hypersexuality was documented in 7 (2.6%). All were among the 66 patients (10.6%) taking a dopamine agonist. Moreover, all 7 (18.4%) were among 38 patients taking therapeutic doses (defined as 2 mg of pramipexole or 6 mg of ropinirole daily). Behaviors were clearly pathologic and disabling in 5: 7.6% of all patients taking an agonist and 13.2% of those taking therapeutic doses. Of the 5 patients, 2 had extensive treatment for what was considered a primary psychiatric problem before the agonist connection was recognized.


Two simulation models were used to predict species changes in three deciduous forest cover types in New England. A fixed—rate simulator, employing differences among species in birth/death rates, was used for stands approaching a steady—state condition. A density—related simulator, using birth and death rates related to both species and population size, was applied to stands in dynamic condition. Predicted and actual changes over a 25—year period were reasonably consistent. See full-text article at JSTOR


The digital terrain model is an important aspect in mobile robot technology research. Based on the object-oriented method, this paper presents an object-oriented digital terrain model for the mobile robot navigation, and discusses the extended symbolic projections and the method of spatial reasoning for topological relations in this model. The digital terrain model introduced in this paper has been used in our terrain database and path planning system that has been developed. Mobile robots, digital terrain model ,object-oriented method, symbolic projections


Dimensioning and assessment of a specific wind turbine imply iterative steps for design optimization, as well as load calculations and performance analyses of the system in various environmental conditions. However, due to the complexity of wind turbine systems, fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic codes are indispensable to represent and simulate the non-linear system behavior. To cope with the large number of simulations to be performed during the design process of a wind turbine system, automation of simulation executions and optimization procedures are required. In this paper, such a holistic simulation and optimization framework is presented, by which means iterative simulations within the wind turbine design assessment and development processes can be managed and executed in an automated and high-performance manner. The focus lies on the application to design load case simulations, as well as the realization of automated optimizations. The proper functioning and the high flexibility of the framework tool is shown based on three exemplary optimization tasks.


Incorporating women/gender into courses on early modern France is largely a matter of including women in state building. Thirty years of social and cultural history notwithstanding, most Old Regime French history courses still deal with politics, according to my own, informal Web survey. State building, not the wielding of power per se, is the focus. ''The growth of the state,'' ''the centralization of the monarchy,'' and ''the consolidation of rule'' remain the descriptive phrases most often attached to courses titled ''France: 1450–1789.'' The triumph of monarchy is still the story most often recounted to juniors and seniors across the land. Of course, other narratives are possible: the decline of the nobility, the uneven course of French economic development, the emergence of an oppositional public sphere, the first signs of a French national identity—these are often themes woven into the basic political narrative. Politics means more now than it did thirty years ago, so most French history courses go beyond Richelieu's machinations or Louis XIV's battles. Norbert Elias's notion of court society and its ''civilizing'' mission usually finds a place on the syllabus, as does some discussion of New France and French imperial adventures. But the growth of the monarchy is still the principal fare. Consequently, political history is my sole concern in this essay, and my definition of politics is narrow and limited to involvement in the


In addition to its important implications for federal civil procedure, the Supreme Court's decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal put the imprimatur of the Supreme Court on a troubling narrative of the excesses carried out by the Bush Administration in the name of fighting terrorism. In this "few bad-apples narrative," harsh treatment of detainees - especially in the immediate wake of the attacks of September 11th, but also years later in such places as Afghanistan, Iraq, the Guantanamo Bay detention center, and elsewhere - was the work of a small number of relatively low-ranking military and civilian officials who went beyond the limits of the law. The actions of these few bad apples, the narrative goes, were regrettable but not the result of official policy. Actions and statements by both the Bush and Obama Administrations promulgated the few bad-apples narrative. Careful parsing of both the complaint and the Supreme Court opinion in Iqbal shows that in dismissing allegations that high-ranking officials in the Bush Justice Department ordered discriminatory abuse of detainees, the Court accepted that flawed narrative.


It is well established that social relationships influence individuals' psychological well-being by providing love, intimacy, reassurance of worth, tangible assistance, and guidance (e.g., Rowe & Kahn, 1998; Sarason et al., 1990). Across the life span, lacking high quality relationships is associated with negative physical and psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and poor health (Cohen & Syme, 1985; Duck, 1983; Rowe & Kahn, 1998). Despite this evidence that social relationships are importantly related to well-being, comparative, cross-cultural work is rare; most of the research in this field has been conducted on White, middle-class Americans, making it ill-advised to generalize findings beyond this population (see Adams, 1989; Adams & Blieszner, 1994). What individuals think, value, and do in relationships is influenced by the cultural contexts in which these relationships are embedded. The present study compares associations between social relationships and well-being in the United States and Japan.For several reasons, Japan is a particularly interesting country to compare with the United States. Although these two countries have economic and technologic similarities, there are many historical, demographic, philosophical, and political differences between them (Rothbaum et al., 2000). Furthermore, researchers have proposed a broad distinction in societies according to whether they are independent/individualistic or interdependent/ collectivistic (e.g., Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Triandis, 1989). Societies such as the United States have been characterized as independent, emphasizing personal goals and autonomy, whereas societies such as Japan have been characterized as interdependent, emphasizing connections and roles in social groups (but see Mouer & Sugimoto, 1986, for an alternate perspective). Takahashi and her colleagues (2002) have argued that although the independent/ interdependent framework may prove useful in forming cross-cultural research questions, empirical data show both commonalities and differences in social relationships between the United States and Japan. Furthermore, although half of their hypotheses derived from the independent/interdependent framework were empirically supported by the data, the other half were not (Takahashi et al., 2002). Thus, although the independent/interdependent framework is an overly simplistic way of understanding a construct as complex as culture, this distinction may still provide a useful framework for making cross-cultural comparisons. As a working hypothesis, given the emphasis on group harmony and integration in interdependent societies, one might expect social relationships to be more strongly related to psychological well-being in these countries than in countries that primarily emphasize independence and differentiation from the group. The main goal of the present study was to examine whether associations between positive characteristics, negative characteristics, and anticipated instrumental aid in social relationships and inner feelings of depressed affect, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were moderated by culture, using country (Japan vs. the United States) as a proxy for culture.Social interaction should not be equated with social support because social interactions may involve disputes, envy, invasion of privacy, broken promises, and other negative aspects in addition to positive emotions such as affection, satisfaction, joy, and contentment (Antonucci et al, 1998; Pagel et al., 1987; Rook, 1984). Negative interactions violate norms of trust, respect, and reciprocity expected in close relationships (Rook, 1989). Positive and negative affect experienced in the context of close relationships appear to be two distinct dimensions rather than opposite poles of a single continuum; therefore, it is important to consider both positive and negative characteristics of social relationships in investigations of their effects on well-being. …


In the learning environment, individual learner requires flexible and suitable learning processes. Online learning should be able to recommend appropriate learning objects (LOs) to an individual in real-time. Most of the existing approaches of online learning recommendation systems are based on collaborative filtering methods. Such methods have a limitation on realtime adaption and require the prior knowledge of students and LOs. Therefore, this study proposes a real-time recommendation method which is suitable for flexible and complex environments. The proposed method is based on Reinforcement Learning problem. The method is able to explore the environment to get information and exploit the information to make a decision. We evaluate the proposed method with the real world data. We vary e-greedy, the learning rate, and the discount rate for a tradeoff between the exploration and exploitation.


The expression of the HTL resumed gluon propagator in the light cone gauge is derived. In the real time mechanism, using the Mandelstam Leibbrant prescription of $(n\cdot K)^{-1}$, we calculate the transverse and longitudinal parts of the gluon HTL self-energy and prove the transverse and longitudinal parts do not have divergence. We also calculate the quark self energy in the HTL approximation, and find it gauge independent. We analytically calculate the damping rates of the hard quark and gluon with this HTL resumed gluon propagator.


ABSTRACT The failure of the Arab Spring has frequently been explained by the inability of the rebels not only to formulate their grievances in a language other than their own but also to take over a political system and its institutions. This is usually contrasted with earlier revolutionary movements. However, this essay, contrary to this assumption, states that two of the most powerful revolutionary ideologies of the 20th century, Marxism and Baʿthism, did not have any precise ideas about these very institutions. Using the al-Baʿth-party as an example, it is demonstrated that this lack of institutions is to be understood as an expression of a romantic longing to charge a political entity with deeper contents of human search for meaning. This overburdening with meaning reflects institutions inadequately and is thus to be understood as an essential basis of authoritarian self-privilege with power.


On December 7, 1999, the new BJP government passed the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act. This Act repealed the monopoly conferred to the Life Insurance Corporation in 1956 and to the General Insurance Corporation in 1972.


Purposes: To evaluate the effectiveness of using ultrasound-guided renal access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: Between January 2016 and April 2017, at Saint Paul hospital, 130 patients were treated, 88 men and 42 women, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 11.5 years and a mean stone size of 30.82  11.47mm. All stones were located in the renal pelvis with mild to moderate hydronephrosis seen on ultrasound or uroscanner. A ureteral catheter was inserted cystoscopically, and saline was injected for more ANALYSIS 24(104), July August, 2020 Medical Science ISSN 2321–7359 EISSN 2321–7367


The main goal of this article is to reflect upon the relationship between creativity and urban transformation. it stems from the assumption that creativity has a paradoxical nature as it is simultaneously used for the production of the neoliberal city and by those seeking to challenge it and build alternative urban realities. first, we put forth a critical review of the creative city narrative, focused on richard florida's work, as it progressively became fundamental for the neoliberal city. afterwards, and contrasting with that dominant narrative, we describe a trajectory of Reclaim the Streets that provides the basis for our discussion of the protestival (protest + carnival) as its main creative force of urban transformation.


Corrosion protection of installed transmission pipelines is mainly achieved by isolating the pipeline from the environment through the use of applied coatings. In areas where coating damage (e.g., holidays) exist, cathodic protection (CP), often by impressed current, is used to protect any bare areas. The amount of current output required for CP tends to increase as the damaged area (e.g. holidays, cracks) progresses over time. Although CP is necessary to protect any bare areas, it can also enhance coating disbondment. Likewise, the extent of cathodic disbondment (CD) could increase as the current from the rectifier is augmented to compensate for the extended damage.

In the United Stated approximately 50 % of the transmission pipelines are coated with coal tar enamel (CTE), many of which have been in service for more than 50 years. The extent of the coating damage (in the form of holidays, open disbondments, cracks and tears) requires incremental increases in CP levels to be applied over time. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of CP levels on the growth of CD of CTE coated pipes. The CD extent at under protected CP levels was investigated as well. Additionally, the effect of surface contaminant (chloride) on CD of the CTE coated pipes was evaluated.


Medicines on Holiday Q.-What medical precautions and preparations would you advise for a family summer holiday in Brittany (including children aged 6 and 4) ? A.-It is unwise to lay too much emphasis on the medical preparations for such a holiday. Most parts of Brittany are quite as safe as the average British holiday resort, and an attitude of extreme caution will only spoil the enjoyment. T.A.B. inoculations are unnecessary (they may be advisable for those whp propose visiting Spain or southern Italy). Nevertheless, minor gastro-intestinal upset might occur during the first few days, and it would be reasonable to take a supply of mist. kaolin. and one of the non-absorbed sulphonamides. It is usually safe to drink piped water, but if there is any doubt about the origin or quality of the water there are plenty of pleasant alternatives readily available for children and adults. It would be wise to boil milk for the younger child, and a small stove which burns meta fuel is indispensable for this and many other purposes. Soft-skinned fruit and lettuce should be thoroughly washed before eating, and ice-cream should be brought only in shops or cafds. It would be useful to make up a small first-aid kit before setting out. This might contain simple dressings, iodine, calamine lotion, and a reputable barrier cream against sunburn. In addition a bottle of aspirin, an antihistamine, and a preparation for motion sickness might be included. Oral penicillin is an excellent insurance against septic infections, but the increasing tendency to include the latest broadspectrum antibiotic should be firmly resisted.


Human embryos and phoetus are actually exposed to high levels of estrogens, that origines serious disorders in the male reproductive tract, and is connected
too with the high proportion of male sterility. The increasing levels of estro gens in prenatal
environment answer to severa! causes: diet, oral anovulatories and chemical wastes in the
environment. The author thinks over the probability that the exposition to high levels of
estro gens in the prenatal phase presidsposes to breast cancer in the adult age.


Abstract Difficult-to-cut material, i.e., AISI D2 tool steel, has been widely adopted in metalworking industries to manufacture dies for piercing, blanking, drawing and thread rolling due to its excellent wear resistance and non-deforming properties. This article attempts an experimental study to determine the effect of cryogenic coolant (liquid nitrogen) on the grindability of AISI D2 tool steel as work material and its results are compared with the conventional dry and wet grinding methods. The effects of the cryogenic coolant on force components (i.e., tangential force, Ft and normal force, Fn ), specific grinding energy (u), force ratio, surface roughness parameters (Ra and Rz ) and microstructure were observed. The comparison results indicate a significant reduction in grindability indices such as 64% and 44% in Ft , 54% and 34% in Fn , 46% and 30% in Ra and 40% and 34% in Rz , respectively under cryogenic grinding at higher downfeed as followed to dry and wet grinding. The grinding performance in Ft , Fn , u and Ra was also improved with an increased delivery pressure of the liquid nitrogen (LN2). From the results, it is concluded that cryogenic coolant offers an influential method to improve grinding performance and surface integrity of AISI D2 tool steel.


Telecardiological consultancy, enabling distant consultation between cardiologist and the general practitioner in the presence of the patient and relying on a technological infrastructure, is a new medical working practice. This article proposes a practice-based approach in order to study it as an object emerging from a local ecology of human and non-human. An analytical framework proposes three interpretative lines: a reading of practice 'from outside' (as a patterned set of activities), a reading 'from inside' (as knowing-in-practice) and a reading as a social practice (as a 'doing' of society).The article analyses the discursive practices involved in a month of telecardiological consultancies in order to understand the effects of this new practice in a Western health care context. One of these meanings is that, as telecardiology comes into use, it is inscribed more in the social practice of reassurance than in the medical one of preventing and dealing with emergencies.


In the present work, mixed convection was studied using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) method for the upward flow of a liquid metal (Pr = 0.025) in a vertical rectangular heated channel. The Reynolds number (Re) varied from 104 to 2·104. The criterion for the appearance of thermogravitational convection, as well as the characteristic of the intensity of its influence, was the Grashof number (Gr), which varied in the range from 0 to 4·109. A significant and ambiguous effect of free convection on hydrodynamics and heat transfer, which depends on the ratio Gr/Re2 and the Prandtl number, is obtained.


From the Publisher:
Perfect sequel to Coriolis' bestselling Cutting-Edge 3D Game Programming with C++ because it shows developers how to create games for today's state-of-the-art PC platforms and graphics accelerators. All of the examples and source code presented are designed to harness the power of Microsoft's latest version of DirectX—a graphics programming API that greatly enhances the development of high performance PC graphics. Currently the only detailed book in print that explains and uses techniques of accurate physics modeling to create highly realistic 3D games. Explains in detail all of the undocumented mathematical models for programming flat-shaded polygons, 3D transformations, light-sourced polygons, and texture mapping. Foreword by Andre LaMothe, bestselling author of Black Art of 3D Game Programming (Waite Group Press) and Game Programming for Dummies (IDG). Includes a full source code game engine written in C++—a great value add to the book, since typically these engines are expensive.
Provides full source code and a detailed blueprint for building a professional-quality 3D game engine that exploits DirectX high-performance features. Covers the hot new topic of creating artificial characters in 3D using AI techniques and realistic simulations. Presents advanced techniques on collision detection and rigid-body dynamics—key technologies for all "cutting-edge" 3D games.
Includes a suite of professional-quality game development tools either written or hand picked by the author—for everything from realistic 3D characters to game backgrounds to awesome sound effects. Provides full C++ source code for sample games, which can be used as a modelto develop new and exciting fast-action 3D games.


Master's Dissertation Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND ELECTRICITY TARIFF FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS IN LV NETWORK Author: Laura Lisiane Callai dos Santos Advisor: Daniel Pinheiro Bernardon, Dr. Eng. Co-advisor: Alzenira da Rosa Abaide, Dra. Eng. Date e Local of presentation: Santa Maria, February 28, 2014. This Master's Dissertation presents the development of a methodology that analyzes the impact of the White Tariff considering the distributed generation to low voltage residential consumers. The White Tariff has the aim of encouraging the reduction of energy consumption during the time of highest system load by consumers. Besides the low-voltage distributed generation aims the energy efficiency, the use of distributed generation and energy management by consumer. Considering this, the proposed methodology considers electricity tariffs, typical load curves ranged by consumption levels, natural resources and different of technologies for distributed generation. This database, combined with the software Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER), presents as the main result the technical and economic feasibility for the use of distributed generation together with the white tariff, without changing the spending habits of consumers. The use of distributed generation is prioritized during the peak time, shifting the consumption from the electric power network to off-peak periods, where the white electricity tariff is shiper. The current costs of installation and operation of the distributed generation are high, but there is a tendency to their reduction due to an increase of its application and providers. It is emphasized that these analyzes, never seen before aim more efficient energy use of energy by both the application of white tariff and the encouragement to use of distributed generation.


Thermal spreading or constriction resistances exist whenever heat flows from one region to another in different cross sectional areas. In this study, the ideas of Isotropic half-space and Heat flux tube are numerically modeled in order to estimate the thermal spreading/constriction resistance. Furthermore, the thermal spreading resistances of the Silicon in arbitrary temperature and heat flux ranges are calculated for assessing the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity effects. Finally, different sizes of contact area in the Heat flux tube pattern are used to obtain the effect of contact size on the thermal spreading/constriction resistance. Results clearly indicate that the thermal spreading/constriction resistance is affected by the temperature-dependent conductivity of solids, shape of contact surface, size of contact and boundary conditions.


Reduplication patterns of Jeju and Seoul Korean are noteworthy in that they are similar but still distinct in both quality and quantity. The emphatic forms of Jeju Korean pursue the identity avoidance between base and reduplicant in a reduplicative template, through alternating vowels, consonants, and features. The identity avoidance is created by the cooperation of universal grammar of perception and localized grammar of production. This process of negotiation between two grammars is motivated in forming emphatic reduplication of Jeju Korean. The motivation should be considered as the interface between production and perception, in which the perceptual distance such as maximizing differences of formant, duration, and F0 triggers particular phonotactic grammars such as raising and fronting in vowels as well as deletion, addition, tensification, and aspiration in consonants.


The impact of renewable energy in modern power systems  entails  the  uses  of  energy  storage  system.  The  problem associated  with  the  increase  load  demand  that  requires  the continuity  of  power  without  any  interference.  One  of  the  best solution  is  the  uses  of  rechargeable  battery.  However,  incorrect use of the  battery not  only can harm the equipment  but  also  to the internal structure of the batteries itself. This paper focuses on the experimentation of nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery by using  time-frequency  distribution  (TFD)  which  is  spectrogram. The  charging  and  discharging  signal  of  the  batteries  is represented  in  time-frequency representation  (TFR)  and  then, from the TFR, parameters of the battery such as instantaneous of means  square  voltage  (VRMS),  instantaneous  of  direct  current voltage  (VDC)  and  instantaneous  of  alternating  current  voltage (VAC)  are  estimated.  The  experiments  are  conducted  with  three different  Ni-MH battery with fixed nominal  voltage of 12V  and storage  capacities  of  1.3Ah,  1.8Ah  and  2.7Ah  respectively.  The results  are  compared  with  the  battery  model  implemented  in MATLAB Simulink. The results show that there are similarities between  the  battery  model  and  experimental  data.  Thus,  the technique can be implemented through battery model.


In Sweden the government is investing lots of resources in order to meet the energy need with clean and renewable alternatives. Since wind is an unlimited source of energy the exploitations of wind farms is of great interest. This report describes a conceptual design of an innovative offshore wind turbine installation vessel for inland sea conditions, with highest possible energy efficiency and environmental friendly performance in every detail. The customer, Blekinge Offshore, main requirement is to receive a concept with an as low installation cost as possible.
The final concept Optimus Pram includes one installation vessel, which is a semi-submersible barge, and one support vessel that supply the installation vessel with power and propulsion. The power is distributed from the support vessel to the installation vessel through a power cable. The installation vessel will be self-propelled during the installation phase using electrical motors and thrusters.
The installation vessel shall be able to handle gravity foundations and fully assembled wind turbines, transported vertically to the installation site. Foundations and windmills will be fully assembled in Karlshamn port before transit to site. During transit the installation and support vessel are connected to each other in all motions except pitch. This almost total fixed connection makes the two vessels acts like one, which gives the joint vessel excellent manoeuvrability. When installing foundations, the installation vessel and the support vessel disconnect. The installation vessel places the foundation at the planned location by ballasting until the foundation has reached the seabed. After de-ballasting the installation vessel and support vessel connects again and transit back to the harbour. When installing wind turbines the two vessels are kept connected and makes highly accurate positioning for the installation possible


Take shoot tips of Prunus cistena as explant.Rapid in vitro culture was studied.The result showed that the optimum medium for adventitious bud induction and multiplication was MS+6-BA 1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,and the monthly propagation rate 3.05.The root-promoting medium was 1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L,the rooting rate was 80%.The survival rate was up to 80.6 % after the shoots in vitro domesticated under the mixture of vermiculite and pearlite by 1∶2.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce the gas exchange measurement and flux calculation methods commonly used in the projects of the programme "Greenhouse gas emissions from the use of peat and peatlands in Finland". The methods include measurements of instantaneous fluxes of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O made at the ecosystem-atmosphere boundary using closed chamber, and whole ecosystem fluxes of the gases using micrometeorological EC tower extending above the canopy, and the integration of seasonal and annual fluxes. In addition, tools developed for gap filling of missing weather records, and generating complete weather patterns for the key environmental controls of the gas fluxes are introduced. Derivation of emission factors from the collected gas fluxes, capable of reproducing the dynamic, climate dependent nature is outlined.


The pilot-plant test showed that the Ce~(3+) sulphuric acid solution was electrooxidized to Ce~(4+) in an electrolytic cell with a membrane.The Ce~(4+) solution was mixed with p-methoxytoluene to produce anisaldehyde in the emulsifying stirrer.Purified mother liquid returned to a cell to be used cyclically without pollution.The electrolytic yield of Ce~(4+) was 83.4%.The reaction yield of anisaldehyde was 88.8%.


Knitting allows a high individual adaptability of the geometry and properties of flat-knitted spacer fabrics. This offers advantages for the specific adjustment of the mechanical properties of innovative composites based on highly viscous matrix systems such as bone cement, elastomer or foam and cellular reinforcing structures made from e. g. polymeric monofilaments or metallic wires. The prerequisite is the availability of binding solutions for highly productive production of functional, cellular, self-stabilized spacer flat knitted fabrics as supporting and functionalized structures.


The experimental evidence of the increase of activation energy associated with the super Arrhenius behavior governing amorphous polylactide by free volume variations has been obtained through a com...


The evolution of periodic multiple current sheets in the presence of a pressure anisotropy is numerically simulated based on a two-dimensional three component magnetohydrodynamic method. It is found out that when the plasma parameter β 1, a slight anisotropy can only expedite the magnetic reconnection process. When the plasma parameter β≈1 (means that the thermal pressure is comparable with the magnetic pressure), slight perpendicular anisotropy can not only expedite the magnetic reconnection process, but also change the position of X line in reconnection. The magnetic filed changes gradually from an anti-symmetric configuration to a symmetric shape, which will further evolve into an anti-symmetric configuration in opposite phase with initial configuration. Large perpendicular anisotropy or parallel anisotropy will enhance the growth rate dramatically. But the magnetic field configuration does not have fundamental change in parallel anisotropy. There are only some irregular disturbs in the center of the current sheet. The magnetic islands that formed in the anisotropy plasma with periodical current sheets are smaller than those formed in isotropic periodical current sheets with same parameters.


The development of an integrated driver circuit intended formedium power switching applications is presented. The device contains, on one chip, CMOS digital control logic and bipolar drivers, with BiCMOS interface between the two technologies. The custom integrated circuit includes four outputs each capable of switching over 500 mA at 30 volts, at a frequency of up to 1 MHz. The development effort includes the design of the chip with its component circuits and cells. Standard cell CMOS logic gates along with drive and interface circuits were designed and characterized. An appropriate BiCMOS process was developed which utilizes an n-well based 4-micron polysilicon gate MOS technology and vertical NPNs with subcollector and double emitter implants. The chip performance specifications are evaluated with respect to technology requirements and device characteristics, and trade-offs in the design of the chip and the process are examined. Process and device modeling results are compared with the measured data, which show that the objectives of the design are successfully met for the various applications involving resistive, capacitive, and inductive loads.


The proper modelling of transmission line towers and conductors plays an essential part in the travelling-wave analysis of fast front overvoltages due to lightning surges in overhead power lines. This paper investigates the effect of different simulation component models like power line towers, lightning current or tower footing resistance on the transient overvoltages produced by back flashover phenomena. A new combined tower model that takes into consideration both the bracings and the damping effect of each tower section is proposed. keywords: fast front overvoltages, tower models, lightning current models, transmission lines, back flashover.


A new log-power domain feature enhancement algorithm named NLPS is developed. It consists of two parts, direct solution of nonlinear system model and log-power subtraction. In contrast to other methods, the proposed algorithm does not need prior speech/noise statistical model. Instead, it works by direct solution of the nonlinear function derived from the speech recognition system. Separate steps are utilized to refine the accuracy of estimated cepstrum by log-power subtraction, which is the second part of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm manages to solve the speech probability distribution function (PDF) discontinuity problem caused by traditional spectral subtraction series algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed filter is extensively compared using the standard database, AURORA2. The results show that significant improvement can be achieved by incorporating the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm reaches a recognition rate of over 86% for noisy speech (average from SNR 0 dB to 20 dB), which means a 48% error reduction over the baseline Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) system.


To solve this issue, we propose a model in which a subthreshold adaptation mechanism complements spike-dependent adaptation. This mechanism implements a nonlinear coupling between the ring threshold and the membrane potential. Importantly, all the model parameters, including the timescale and the functional shape of the nonlinear coupling, are not assumed a priori but are extracted from in vitro recordings using a convex optimization procedure.


Autism has been described as an epidemic, but this claim is contested and may point to an awareness epidemic, i.e. changes in the definition of what autism is and more attention being invested in diagnosis leading to a rise in registered cases. The sex ratio of children diagnosed with autism is skewed in favour of boys, and girls with autism tend to be diagnosed much later than boys. Building and further developing the notion of 'configuration' of epidemics, this article explores the configuration of autism in Denmark, with a particular focus on the health system and social support to families with children diagnosed with autism, seen from a parental perspective. The article points to diagnostic dynamics that contribute to explaining why girls with autism are not diagnosed as easily as boys. We unfold these dynamics through the analysis of a case of a Danish family with autism.


Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female anovulatory infertility, with a prevalence of 6-10% among women of reproductive age, characterized by clinical and / or biochemical androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries. Sex hormones and hormone receptors play a fundamental role in folliculogenesis. Aim of the study was to study the association of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn; rs6166 gene polymorphism with PCOS in our study population. Methods: Genetic case-control study, involving 204 women with PCOS and 204 healthy, sex and age matched controls. Anthropometric and biochemical profile were taken in a well-designed proforma. Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by salting out method and genotype analysis was done for all the study population using Polymerase chain reaction – Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: We have demonstrated an association between FSHR gene, Ser680SAsn (rs6166) polymorphism and PCOS. Frequency of A allele was 0.61 in PCOS and 0.44 in controls (OR 1.98, CI 1.5-2.6, and P value <0.0001) indicates that the A allele is associated with PCOS in our study population. The AA genotype conferred a significant risk of developing PCOS (OR 2.069, CI 1.33-3.211 and P value 0.0012). We found significant elevation of body mass index, LH, LH/FSH with AA genotype of PCOS when compared with controls.  The GG genotype showed increased basal FSH levels, insulin resistance in PCOS compared to other genotypes. Conclusions: FSHR Ser680Asn (rs6166) gene polymorphism is associated with PCOS, and can be used as a relevant molecular biomarker to identify risk of PCOS in our population.


This paper presents an investigation into the characteristics of interior noise of a Chinese high-speed train under several typical conditions. Interior noises within Vehicle TC01, which can be used as a head car or an end car, and Vehicle TP03, the third car counting from TC01, are measured for the train running at speeds from 260 km/h to 385 km/h, along two types of track including a slab track and a ballast track and either on the ground surface or in a tunnel. Data analyses are performed for sound pressure overall levels, frequency, area contributions, and possible generation mechanisms, showing how they are affected by train speed, running direction, track type, and tunnel. The results show that, whether TC01 is used as head car or end car, the interior noise characteristics in the VIP cabin are mostly related to aerodynamic noise. Differences in interior noise between tracks become smaller as the train speed increases. The effect of a tunnel on the interior noise is more important for the middle coach than that for the head coach. This study can provide a basis for noise control of high-speed trains.中文概要目 的研究高速列车在不同速度(260~385 km/h)、无砟和有砟轨道以及明线和隧道运行时的车内噪声特性, 为高速列车车内减振降噪和车体低噪声设计提供科学依据。创新点系统分析高速列车在不同运行条件下的车内噪声总值变化、空间分布、频谱特性和声源贡献, 掌握车内噪声随列车运行速度的变化规律、轨道型式和隧道混响对车内噪声的影响, 研究轮轨噪声、气动噪声和弓网噪声对车内噪声的作用。方 法1. 根据不同的列车运行速度, 分析车内噪声的变化规律; 通过进一步对比头尾车运行时, 不同测点位置的噪声总值、显著频率和声源贡献, 研究气动作用对车内噪声的影响。2. 针对不同轨道型式, 分析车内噪声的差异特性; 通过进一步对比不同速度下的前、后转向架上方车内噪声测点(其中一个还位于受电弓下方)的噪声总值、显著频率和声源贡献, 研究有砟和无砟轨道、弓网噪声对车内噪声的影响以及速度因素的作用。3. 对于隧道运行, 分析不同速度下在明线和隧道运行时的车内噪声总值和显著频率, 研究隧道混响对车内噪声的影响以及速度因素的作用。结 论1. TC01 车无论作为头车或尾车运行, 车内观光区的噪声均主要受气动作用影响。2. 随着列车运行速度的提高, 轨道型式的不同对车内噪声的影响有所降低。3. 隧道混响对中间车的影响要高于头车。


This paper introduces the operating condition main faultcommon using material and an example of reconditioning by plasma welding of the heavy-duty medium-speed diesel engine exhaust valve.


This article was originally published with errors, which have now been corrected in the online version. Please see Correction http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2022.2035939 This is a qualitative study of how the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program influenced 9 African American young men in southeastern North Carolina. To understand the impact of the program, a cross-section of current and past AVID participants were interviewed. The African American male students were asked about their attitudes toward education and how AVID influenced them socially and academically. Four themes that emerged from the data were: (a) Supportive, family-like relationships are built within the AVID classroom; (b) the students strive to do better academically; (c) specific AVID methodologies improve student achievement in preparation for college; and (d) AVID positively affects student attitudes toward education. These themes are discussed in relation to the literature. Finally, we suggest how this research might inform future studies.