Abstract : The purpose of this research is to investigate the properties of receptors for excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly those for acidic amino acids and related derivatives. Most of the synapses in the CNS appear to use these molecules as neurotransmitters but little is known about their receptor properties. Various phosphonic acid derivatives and toxins appear to act directly or indirectly on these receptors. This research uses a newly developed anatomical method to localize the various receptor subtypes in the rodent brain. Electrophysiological analysis is used to record the physiological response to various agonists and antagonists that act on these receptors. Our results have shown, for the first time, that glutamate receptors are most concentrated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in addition to key pathways from the peripheral to the CNS. Electrophysiological analysis indicates that select antagonists (e.g., 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid) will block synaptic transmission at some pathways, while other antagonists in this series (e.g., 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid) will block a type of synaptic short-term memory at other pathways without interfering with normal synaptic transmission. These compounds are thus highly selective in their mode of action.


Community is one of the important elements in tourism especially in sustainable tourism development. Both community and tourism sector can get benefits from community involvement in sustainable tourism development. Thus, the development of sustainable tourism is hard to achieve without the support from the community residents because it is one of the important factor for ongoing community development. The main objectives of this study are to measure the level of community involvement and to examine the effectiveness of current practice in encouraging community involvement in sustainable tourism development in Bandar Hilir Melaka. Consequently, to achieve the purpose of the research, we distributed the questionnaire among local community around Bandar Hilir, Melaka. This investigation will give more understanding about the ways and the level of community involvement in sustainable tourism development especially for government sector, and any responsible person that related with sustainable tourism development in Bandar Hilir, Melaka. The result show that community slightly involve in sustainable tourism development based on the measuring level of community involvement and to examine the effectiveness of current practice in encouraging community involvement in sustainable tourism development in Bandar Hilir Melaka.


For the air pollution modelling studies over highly complex terrain, vertical wind profiles are essential. In the article we present evaluation about using the WRF model as the source of wind profile information. We tested WRF's one day short-term forecasts at 4 km and half hour resolution running every day to obtain 3D meteorological fields and compared these data with the different meteorological stations. The results show an inadequate agreement with ground level meteorological stations, especially in basins and valleys, and a better agreement with stations situated at the top of hills and with a tower station. A novel approach to the terrain complexity characterisation of the area under examination is defined – 'height and length of Topographic complexity, hlTc'.


Methadone is a long-acting full opioid agonist that has a long history in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). It was the first opioid agonist with OUD as an indication for use. Methadone was developed for OUD during a time of prohibition and criminalization of both addiction and the use of opioid agonists for addiction treatment, which resulted in methadone being heavily regulated at multiple levels. Methadone is frequently used in short-term withdrawal management (i.e., detoxification) and in long-term treatment, with the latter producing better treatment outcomes. This chapter explores the basic pharmacology of methadone and the development of methadone for OUD and its accompanying regulations, discusses the place of methadone in treatment for OUD, reviews the effectiveness of methadone treatment, and visits some practical factors related to methadone as part of treatment for OUD.


Anticlimax is commonly used both in Chinese and English.Its characteristic is the word order that can not be inverted.Therefore,the general principle of word order translation should not be applied mechanically into the translation of anticlimax.Or the rhetorical effect can not be reproduced if the original word order is changed.


A localized wavepacket for noncommutative linear motion is constructed at a noncommutative space-time point. In Abelian linear motion, Dirac spinor is used with a normalized metric tensor. In Non-Abelian linear motion, a plane wave solution is presented with chracteristic equations for isospin polarization vectors. By connection of noncommutative rest state to noncommutative mass pole condition, corresponding weak mixing angle and symmetry breaking function are evaluated. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com. 0


Introduction Different endoscopic procedures have been proposed for the management of surgical leaks. Endoscopic internal drainage using trans-fistulary double-pigtail plastic stents has emerged as an alternative, especially in fistulae presenting after laparoscopic gastric sleeve. Methods Retrospective case series conducted at a single tertiary care center including all upper gastrointestinal post-surgical leaks primarily managed with endoscopic trans-fistulary insertion of double-pigtail plastic stents. Clinical success was defined as the absence of extravasation of oral radiographic contrast and radiological resolution of the collection with adequate oral intake Results Nine patients were included, 6 (66.6%) females, median age: 52.6 years (IQR 47-60). Five cases presented after laparoscopic gastric sleeves, 2 cases after distal esophagectomies, one after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and another one after a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Fistulae measured <10 mm in 5 patients (55.6%) and 10-20 mm in 4 patients (44.4%). Six were early leaks. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 9 (100%) and 7 (77.8%) cases, respectively. Seven (77.8%) patients required ≤3 endoscopic procedures. Median hospital stay after the first endoscopic procedure was 12 days (IQR 6.5-17.5 days), while overall median time until leak healing was 118.5 days (IQR 84.5-170). One patient presenting a post-esophagectomy intrathoracic leak developed an esophageal-tracheal fistula 37 days after stent deployment. Conclusions Our results support the use of endoscopic internal drainage in postsurgical abdominal leaks, regardless of the type of surgery, although only two patients with intrathoracic dehiscence were included.


In this paper, we study trellis properties of the tensor product (product code) of two linear codes, and prove that the tensor product of the lexicographically first bases for two linear codes in minimal span form is exactly the lexicographically first basis for their product code in minimal span form, also the tensor products of characteristic generators of two linear codes are the characteristic generators of their product code.


ICP-AES was applied to the determination of Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mg,Ca,Na,K,Pb and Mo in high purity tungsten hexafluoride(WF6).To prevent the reaction of WF6 with moisture in air,a closed pipeline system for taking the sample was designed.Sample of the liquid WF6 was sucked into the transparent PTFE sample receptor from the sample container until the liquid surface reached to a definite height,from which the sample mass was estimated.The inlet value was closed and the outlet of the sample receptor was opened to let the WF6 vapor to leave the receptor and enter into the absorption bottle and finally high purity helium was passed through the sample receptor to drive WF6 completely into the absorption bottle.The exact sample mass was calculated from the difference of masses of the absorption bottle before and after the absorption of WF6.The metal elements remained in the sample receptor,after the driving of WF6,were dissolved in dil.aqueous ammonia,dil.HNO3 and dil.HF,and the solution was diluted to 100 mL,which was used for ICP-AES determination.Values of detection limit(3s) for the 13 elements mentioned above were all less than 0.005 mg·L-1.Tests for recovery and precision were made,giving values of recovery in the range of 90.5% to 104.2%,and RSD′s(n=11) in the range of 3.2% to 7.8%.


Radiation loading on a vibrating structure is best described through its radiation impedance. In the present work the modal acoustic radiation impedance load on an infinitely long cylindrical source harmonically excited in circumferentially periodic (axially independent) spatial pattern, while positioned concentrically within a fluid cylinder, which is embedded in a fluid-saturated unbounded elastic porous medium, is computed. This configuration, which is a realistic idealization of an acoustic logging tool suspended in a fluid-filled borehole within a permeable surrounding formation (White, J. E., 1983, Underground Sound Application of Seismic Waves, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Fig. 5.29, p. 183), is of practical importance with a multitude of possible applications in seismo-acoustics and noise control engineering. The formulation utilizes the Biot phenomenological model to represent the behavior of the sound in the porous, fluid-saturated, macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic surrounding medium. Employing the appropriate wave-harmonic field expansions and the pertinent boundary conditions for the given boundary configuration, a closed-form solution in the form of an infinite series is developed and the resistive and reactive components of modal radiation impedances are determined. A numerical example for a cylindrical surface excited in vibrational modes of various order, immersed in a water-filled cavity which is embedded within a water-saturated Ridgefield sandstone environment, is presented and several limiting cases are examined. Effects of porosity, frame stiffness, source size, and the interface permeability condition on the impedance values are presented and discussed. ©2002 ASME


The essay holds that corruption comes from the realistic pursuit of evil which covers the pursuit of goodness ideally.At the same time,it points out that the course of corruption is the course of game and corruption is the result of game.We should stick to the anti-corruption strategy of institution creation that combines governing corruption by moral with governing corruption by law.


This paper proposes a novel image preprocessing technique based on binary patterns for illumination invariant face recognition. The face recognition system comprised of a centralized gradient pattern image and facial features based on image covariance. The centralized gradient pattern image is obtained by AND operation of a modified local binary pattern image and a modified local directional pattern image, and it is then utilized as input image for the facial feature extraction based on image covariance. To verify the proposed face recognition method, the performance evaluation was carried out using various recognition algorithms on the Yale B and extended Yale B face databases. Through the experimental results, the proposed method showed the best recognition accuracy compared to various approaches.


The theory of general relativity stipulates that clocks located in a stronger gravitational field run more slowly than clocks located in a weaker gravitational field. This time dilation is often small and hard to detect. Its measurement requires precisely synchronized clocks accurate to the nanosecond level. An experiment aimed at detecting gravitational time dilation should last long enough to allow for detectable time drift to accumulate within the two clocks. This amount of time depends on the precision of the clocks used in the experiment. We describe the procedures followed to accomplish the task of measuring gravitational time dilation relying on methods and equipment available to undergraduate students. Our experiment employed chip scale atomic clocks on board a high-altitude helium balloon's payload. We illustrate how, under the constraints of our experiment, we attempted to model and experimentally verify gravitational time dilation. We also describe the method we devised to detect time dilation without constant measurement and communication between the two clocks used in our experiment. Our payload component, aimed at verifying gravitational time dilation, had to conform to balloon satellite payload weight restrictions.


Review question / Objective: 1. Which artificial intelligence techniques are practiced in dentistry? 2. How AI is improving the diagnosis, clinical decision making, and outcome of dental treatment? 3. What are the current clinical applications and diagnostic performance of AI in the field of prosthodontics? Condition being studied: Procedures for desktop designing and fabrication Computer-aided design (CAD/CAM) in particular have made their way into routine healthcare and laboratory practice.Based on flat imagery, artificial intelligence may also be utilized to forecast the debonding of dental repairs. Dental arches in detachable prosthodontics may be categorized using Convolutional neural networks (CNN). By properly positioning the teeth, machine learning in CAD/CAM software can reestablish healthy inter-maxillary connections. AI may assist with accurate color matching in challenging cosmetic scenarios that include a single central incisor or many front teeth. Intraoral detectors can identify implant placements in implant prosthodontics and instantly input them into CAD software. The design and execution of dental implants could potentially be improved by utilizing AI.


Prostate cystadenoma are rare tumors and few times reported in the literature. Herein we report a clinical case of a 48 year-old man that comes to the urology office because of high PSA measurement. The patient had no symptoms, neither relevant past medical history. The ultrasound revealed a pelvic multicystic mass. The cystoscopy was negative for direct bladder involvement, revealing a extrinsic compression of lower and posterior walls. Open surgical excision took place and the histologic analyses diagnosed a prostate multicystic cystadenoma.


In order to isolate halotolerant bacteria with lipolytic activity from the Pilluana Salterns in San Martin, saline soil samples were collected and cultured in 5% salt water agar containing 0,5% yeast extract. It was pre-selected 55 bacteria with different morphological characteristics, these bacteria were grown simultaneously in 5% salt water agar containing 1% tributyrin, Tween 80 and olive oil. It was selected 14 bacteria based on the ability to hydrolyze specific substrates and shown high salt tolerance rate between 0 to 25%. These bacteria grew optimally at pH 7 and 37 °C, six were Gram positive and Gram negative eight, 12 bacteria hydrolyzed tributyrin, Tween 80 and olive oil, six produced amylases and proteases. The 14 halotolerant bacteria with lipolytic activity isolated from the Pilluana salterns are promising lipase production sources and oily waste bio-treatment.


Concurrent 12-week laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine toxicity of the suspended particulate phase (SPP) of drilling fluid to Thalassia testudinum and its epiphytes. Test systems were treated once per week to achieve nominal concentrations of 100 mg/L SPP. Chlorophyll content of Thalassia leaves and epiphyte biomass and chlorophyll content were monitored during each test. Laboratory exposures were conducted in 7-L, flow-through (7 L/h) microcosms consisting of Plexiglas cylinders containing intact cores of Thalassia from a local seagrass bed. Field exposures were conducted in water-tight plexiglas chambers (2 m x 2 m x 1.5 m) placed over test plots in a seagrass bed for 24 h during SPP additions. Epiphyte biomass was reduced after 6 weeks of intermittent exposure to SPP in laboratory and field tests. After 12 weeks, epiphyte biomass had increased to densities similar to control values.


Fiber Reinforced Ultra-High Cementitious Composite (FR-UHCC) is an ultra high-strength and high ductility composite material which has shown some promises in the civil engineering community by its advanced mechanical properties. However, due to the use of very fine sand instead of ordinary aggregate, the cement factor of the FR-UHCC is as high as 900~1000 ㎏/㎥. And its density is as high as 3.0 g/㎤ by pressing fresh FR-UHCC samples in order to improve the strength. High density and high cement content may be a weakness for practicality and economic feasibility. This study is an elementary experiment to develop the FR-UHCC considered the practicality and economical efficiency, for that the various FR-UHCC was made using the constitute factors and curing conditions. And the influence of the parameters on the strength development of FR-UHCC was investigated. The result has shown that it is possible to produce ultra-high strength FR-UHCC with a density as low as 1.82 g/㎤ by the autoclave curing condition (160℃) and increasing of the silica fume/cement ratio (SF/C=80%). And an economical high strength FR-UHCC with the cement contents less than 600 ㎏/㎥ (which contains high-volume of the blast furnace slag) is produced in this study, and its compressive strength is 144 ㎫ and the density is 2.17 g/㎤.


The notable feature of inner relation in ancient east community is the community members' attachment to the community. This kind of personal attachment decides that the basic core and goal of ancient east legal culture is to confirm hierarchal attachment relation. Legal system based on this kind of social structure constrains the personal individuality and normal development of intellect.


Morality and sexual behavior continue to be emphasized in the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. This would appear to mask the very socioeconomic conditions that fuel the pandemic in the first place. Understanding the socioeconomic context within which these risk-taking behaviors occur rather than a damning condemnation of its victims is of particular significance in the region. Thus this paper argues for a re-examination of those macro-social factors (often beyond the control of the victims) that fuel the continuing spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper further argues that sub-Saharan Africans should be seen as victims of HIV/AIDS in light of the prevailing socioeconomic constraints. The continuing investment on HIV/ AIDS control in the region by affluent nations (with emphasis on socioeconomic conditions) could provide long term insurance against further spread of the disease. (authors)


Anisotropic diffusion has proved efficiency in filtering wide range of images. However, its application to improve SNR in MR images was limited due to the minute details existing in many medical image modalities e.g., MR and CT images. Therefore, these types of images require sophisticated sensitive filtering methods. In this paper we propose a modified variational model based on the coherent diffusion for enhancing SNR. The difference between the filtered and the degraded image may contain some residual coherent information. This coherent information means that the applied diffusion parameters in these areas were overestimated. In this paper, the coherence in the difference image is used as a feedback to re-estimate diffusivities in places where coherent leakage was detected. Results show that information associated with resolved-object structure, even minute structures, were substantially preserved.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structure comprising at least one sheet metal layer (2) a high temperature structure (1) is at least partially formed, the method comprising at least the following work steps: a) that the metal layer is formed by a smooth sheet rolling method ( 2) molding, wherein the oil (3) at least one plate at least partially wetting layer (2); B) at least partially remove the oil (3); C) lubricant (4) is applied to at least one ply (2) at least one partition (5); D) that the structure (1) at least partially formed; E) for bonding operation, so that the structure (1) setting.


Our research group has been developing an aero signage display. The word 'aero' means that its image is floating in the air. The authors have noticed that the important technology in aero signage is 'transparent.' Suppose you find out window decals which are put on the glass window of shops. You end up watching the mirrored images if you watch the decals on transparent glass window from inside of the shop. In aero signage, the technique which enables to display unidirectional (or one‐way) observable image(viewing angle control) is very important. Our proposed self‐assembly joint mechanism is one of the essential technology for aero signage which enables to make transparent view from back side.


The 2011 events at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) as a result of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and ensuing tsunami released considerable quantities of highly-radioactive material into the global environment. This catastrophic release of radioactivity highlighted the need for a rapid and highly-spatially accurate means by which to determine the distribution of such contamination – not only in response to disaster-release scenarios but also for the potential application to wider monitoring following a nuclear dispersion incident, illicit material trafficking or as part of routine site monitoring. This work from the University of Bristol, launched in direct response to the incident at Fukushima, is the combined low-altitude multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle coupled with a lightweight radiation detection and mapping system. Via this system, it was possible to determine the spread of contamination with sub-meter resolution as well as attributing the species responsible. The use of UAVs represents an important tool in the remote sensing toolkit, with applications in areas in addition to radiological monitoring.


a falsely objective impression of this test. In fact, what the Abel test measures is viewing time rather than reaction time. I do not believe this is a mere quibble. In physiology, reaction time refers to a latency period between a stimulus and response that is often very rapid and outside of one's awareness. Examples include latencies on a word association test and the evoked potentials seen on an EEG in response to auditory stimuli. In the Abel test however the subject chooses how long to view a particular slide. This is quite different than a physiological reaction. In addition, the test should not, in my opinion, be described (as it is by some, although not by Letourneau) as measuring a preference for any stimulus set, as it simply measures viewing time. This is not to imply that the Abel test itself is a poor measurement device; indeed our Clinic employs it in addition to the plethysmograph, and Letourneau has found some validity for the test itself. However, I do believe we should be careful about how we refer to these tests because the amount of time a subject chooses to view a slide is quite different than a physiologically determined &dquo;reaction time&dquo;


Foreign direct investment is considered an important source of knowledge spillovers. We argue that the effects of foreign presence on host-country productivity may differ depending on the mode of foreign entry. Using a long panel from the Norwegian Manufacturing Census, we find that greenfield entry both in the same industry and in the same labour market region has a negative impact on the productivity of domestic plants, while entry via acquisition affects the productivity of domestic plants in the same industry positively. The positive effect from acquisitions is consistent with knowledge spillovers as these plants have pre-established linkages within the industry. The negative effects from greenfield entry can be attributed to increased competition both in the product market and for qualified employees in a tight labour market. Our results help to explain the ambiguity of results in the empirical literature that relates overall foreign presence to host-country productivity. Copyright 2011 Oxford University Press 2010 All rights reserved, Oxford University Press.


Abstract Bercy is a prehistoric village sited by the Seine river (Paris, France), whose main period of occupation was dated to the very beginning of the 4th millennium BC. The animal subsistence economy relied heavily on cattle husbandry, complemented by other species including sheep. Cattle and sheep isotopic history (δ13C, δ18O) was investigated at the seasonal scale, through sequential sampling in tooth enamel, providing new insights into seasonality of birth and diet. Sheep were lambing in mid-spring, only slightly later than expected from what is observed nowadays in temperate Europe at similar latitude. Cattle were born over a period spanning approximately six months, which was an unexpected result compared with a two to three months calving period in free-ranging cattle populations. The extension of the calving period might have been related to seasonal food supplementation. Some cattle and some sheep fed on a 13C-depleted resource in winter, potentially leafy fodder. A direct consequence of an extended calving period would be the availability of cow milk, which would have covered the whole year at Bercy. This is important information in a context where the exploitation of cattle milk by the human community was highly suspected from the demographic management of the herd.


Proteins belonging to the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family are ubiquitous amongst species in the bacterial and archaeal domains. These proteins function as transcriptional regulators of a wide variety of cellular processes including catabolic pathways, oxidative stress response mechanisms, efflux or degradation of toxins, and virulence factor expression. DNA binding by MarR proteins is mediated by a characteristic winged helix‐turn‐helix (wHTH) motif which makes sequence‐specific contacts with both the DNA major and minor grooves. For a number of MarR homologs, DNA binding is abrogated by ligand binding. The natural ligands of MarR proteins are structurally diverse but generally fall into three main categories: small aromatic compounds, metals and reactive oxygen species. In this study, we report the first biochemical investigation of a MarR homolog from the pathogenic bacterium Clostridium difficile which we have named PaeR (putative antibiotic efflux regulator). Biophysical investigations of the structural properties of PaeR indicate that this protein exists predominantly as a homodimer in solution and unfolds in a manner consistent with a simple, two‐state transition. PaeR binds at two sites in its own promoter/operator region, suggesting autoregulation. Analysis of binding at a single site indicates a high‐affinity interaction with a microscopic dissociation constant of 3.3 ±0.4 nM. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMASs) indicate that PaeR interacts with DNA in a highly sequence‐specific manner. Ligand binding studies indicate that PaeR binding to its cognate DNA binding sequence is attenuated by small aromatic compounds. These findings, in conjunction with the genetic context of paeR in the C. difficile genome, suggests a possible role of this MarR homolog in regulating antibiotic resistance in this pathogen.


. In this paper, a mathematical model of two adjacent rigid particles immersed into a viscous incompressible fluid is considered. The main feature of the flow is that the Cauchy stress tensor consisting of the strain tensor and the pressure will appear blow-up as the distance between these two particles tends to zero. For the purpose of making clear this high concentration, a family of unified stress concentration factors are precisely captured in all dimensions, which determine whether the Cauchy stress tensor will blow up or not. As a direct application, we establish optimal gradient estimates and asymptotics of the Cauchy stress tensor for Stokes flow, which indicate that its maximal singularity comes from the pressure.


The lightning location network LINET has started continuous operation early in 2006 and covers large parts of Europe, approximately the area from longitude 10°W 26°E to latitude 35°N 66°N. It has been developed by the atmospheric research group in the Physics Department of the University of Munich, and undergoes permanent evaluation, partly in co-operation with scientific partners and national weather services. nowcast GmbH organizes the network operation as exclusive provider of continuous real-time lightning data for the German Weather Service, and continues to expand the covered area; as of May 2008, a total of 90 sensors are utilized. Since the network is able to report total lightning (cloud-to-ground and cloud strokes), electrical activity of thunderstorms can be investigated in great detail. Tests in Brazil have shown that LINET detects and locates cloud lightning better than the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). Due to high detection efficiency and the ability to monitor cloud activity, LINET allows recognition of severe weather conditions. Moreover, nowcasting becomes possible even with relatively simple algorithms. At present, the combination of lightning with other meteorological data sources is examined. Special attention is given to the comparison between lightning data from LIS and LINET, with the aim to contribute to the planning basis for future space-born lightning sensors. Especially satellite data from the different Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), TRMM and A-train sensors are utilized to examine correlations between lightning observations and microwave brightness temperature, IR radiance, cloud top temperatures, vertical structure of the clouds, and precipitation fields. It is investigated to what extent various satellite data can be utilized to derive thunderstorm features in areas where no high-quality ground-based lightning detection network is available. LIGHTNING LOCATION WITH LINET IN EUROPE LINET has been developed to achieve high performance standards by means of an easy-to-handle and economic 4-part modular design, employing up-to-date technology in all components (Betz et al., 2008). Module 1 consists of two crossed loops that serve as passive sensor for magnetic field components without making use of any active electronics. Two sensor loops oriented orthogonal to each other measure the components Bx(t) and By(t) of the magnetic flux directly as a function of time in the frequency range of interest without having the need for subsequent integration. This feature is helpful for the treatment of small signals close to the noise level. Signal timing is achieved by means of a GPS clock with an accuracy of better than 100 ns (module 2). Special and partly sophisticated measures are taken to transport this level of basic accuracy as far as possible to the actual event timing. Signal amplification, filtering, AD-conversion and data processing are performed with a single plug-in device (module 3) in a separately positioned processing unit (module 4). No allowance for rearm time must be provided (zero dead-time). As regards signal rates, usually a rate of less than 100 strokes/s has been observed, even during storms in central Africa. Figure 1: Location of 90 LINET sensor sites as of May 2008. Figure 2: Example for a large storm detected with LINET (02 June 2008). All signals are treated irrespective of their waveform; notably, discrimination between cloud-to-ground (IC) and cloud (IC) strokes is performed not by means of finding shape differences between IC and CG pulses, but by a specially adopted 3D-algorithm in the central processing unit. While smaller versions of LINET have produced real-time data for more than 10 years, especially in southern Germany, the international European network started operation on 01 May 2006 and presently comprises some 90 sensors (Fig. 1); in southern Germany the sensor density is relatively large because of continued research with respect to extremely weak lightning signals and other open issues in lightning research. Otherwise, the concept aims at a baseline of 200 – 250 km in order to enable 3D discrimination between CG and IC, reasonably well fulfilled within Germany and several other countries, but some areas await completion and expansion of the network geometry. Fig. 2 shows lightning locations retrieved during a storm that extended from northern Great Britain to southern Greece. In areas near and beyond the network borders, and also over the Sea, the detection efficiency decreases so that only stronger strokes will be located; still, storms can be identified far away and traced over long paths. RECOGNITION OF SEVERE WEATHER It is well known that IC activity and especially large increases of the IC flash rate within a short time often correlate with the advent of severe weather (Williams et al., 1999). In a significant number of storms particularly strong convection rapidly develops and, in rare cases, leads to supercells (Tessendorf et al., 2008). For many practical applications it is advantageous to both recognize a severe cell at an early stage and predict cell development in time and space. Fig. 3 shows the time evolution of CG and IC stroke rates for two cases, a typical cell (left) and a more rare situation (right) indicating severe weather conditions. Figure 3: Example for the stroke evolution in normal (left) and strong (right) storms, detected with LINET. Corresponding information can be visualized from 3D-plots of LINET strokes. Since IC strokes are reported with their individual emission height, differences between weak and strong storm can be seen quite easily: Fig. 4 presents an example for the two cases. We note that these images can be extracted in near real time, including 'flights' around the storm cells. Figure 4: Example for the visualization of normal (left) and strong (right) storms, detected with LINET (Betz et al., 2008). COMPARISON BETWEEN LINET AND LIS DATA IN BRAZIL During an international campaign DLR has temporarily set up a 6-sensor LINET version around Bauru in Brazil. Lightning data was measured in order to correlate with storm-induced NOx production in the atmosphere. Since LIS passes over Brazil a data comparison could be made. Figure 5: LINET strokes (left) and corresponding satellite-based LIS event level observations (right) during one overpass on 04 February 2005 ( from Schmidt et al., 2005). An overpass lasts approximately 90 sec; Fig. 5 presents the LINET and LIS counts recorded during a relatively strong storm: both systems detect active areas though LIS is sensitive to hot lightning channels while LINET measures the acceleration of neutralizing charges. It is important to note that the LINET graph contains mostly weak IC strokes, not seen effectively by other VLF/LF networks. When time-coincident events are selected (<~1 ms), the location difference becomes evident. Since it is known from other comparisons that LINET locates better than 500m, the LIS location error can be estimated; it amounts to several km. Likewise, the corresponding range-normalized current of LINET strokes can be extracted; it turns out that the coincident events are mostly weak and show a peak around 3 kA, a value that is smaller than the one found for all detected strokes (<~10 kA). Figure 6: Location difference between time-coincident LIS and LINET strokes (left) and corresponding distribution of LINET amplitudes (right) for the overpass from Fig. 5. All together it may be stated that data from satellite-based lightning sensors can be tested quite well by means of ground-based networks, provided that these exhibit sufficient detection efficiency for both CG and IC lightning. This condition can be fulfilled with LINET, as long as sensor baselines do not exceed ~250 km; otherwise, low-current strokes are not recorded at as many sensors as required for locating. In addition, the network must be capable of reporting IC lightning with adequate efficiency. CORRELATION BETWEEN DATA FROM LINET AND OTHER SPACE-BORN SENSORS Apart from direct lightning detection by means of space-born sensors, a number of additional data sources are available that relate to convection and thunderstorms. In Fig. 7 (left) the base reflectivity is depicted for a thunderstorm area that has developed on 20 July 2007 (COPS experiment); for the corresponding area and time the right part of Fig. 7 shows ice scattering as sensed with AMSRE 89 GHz radiometer (cold brightness temperatures; Prigent et al., 2005). In both cases, excellent agreement is obtained with lightning data. Further work will be focussed on the detailed time-evolution of the shown phenomena. For example, the question can be studied with what probabilities can a region with depressed brightness temperature be regarded to indicate upcoming thunderstorm activity and what leading times can be achieved. For comparisons of this kind, lightning data as provided by LINET can be utilized, because it offers high detection efficiency with the inclusion of substantial amounts of cloud lightning.


HAWKSWORTH, D. L. & McMANUS, P. M., 1989. Lichen recolonization in London under conditions of rapidly falling sulphur dioxide levels, and the concept of zone skipping. The lichen flora on trees and wood at 50 sites in north-west London was examined in 1988 to determine what changes had taken place since 1980, a period when mean winter SO2 levels had fallen from around 130 μg m-3 to within the range 29–55 μg m-3 in the study area. Forty-nine species were found. The fruticose lichens Evernia prunaslri and Ramalina farinacea now occur in many central London parks, and the yellow green foliose Parmelia caperata was discovered at 12 sites (previously only at one, Ruislip, in 1980). Comparable numbers and growth forms of species occurred throughout the area. An assemblage of zone 4–5 species (Hawksworth & Rose, 1970 Nature, 227: 145–148) tolerant of mean winter SO2 levels of 60–70 μg m-3 failed to penetrate central London, although more sensitive species of zones 6 and 7 had; this phenomenon, which has not previously been reported, is referred to as 'zone skipping' and is attributed to the speed at which mean sulphur dioxide levels in London have fallen. Species returning are those to be expected on the basis of previously-published field correlations with mean winter SO2 levels. Twenty-five species not seen within 16 km of the centre of London on trees or wood during this century were found; of these, eight had not been seen during the last 200 years.


The structure of the cooling-jacket for high temperature pressure sensor is presented in this paper.The distribution of temperature field of the cooling--jacket is calculated by the finite element method. Half of the axial symmetrical cooling-jacket is divided into many triangular units. The temperature inside the unit is separated into three apexes. The paramters of three boundary conditions are calculated by the theory of heat transfer,and the temperature of each apex is calculated by the finite element method. The distrib-ution of temperature field of the cooling-jacket is obtained by computer data processing. Finally,the temperature of the cooling-jacket is measured. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The effect of cooling is very obvious. It shows that the design of the structure of the cooling-jacket is reasonable,and the finite element method is effective for calculating the temperature field at the cooling-jacket.


This paper presents the existence of positive periodic solutions for first‐order neutral differential equation with distributed deviating arguments. We apply Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem to obtain our results. An example is given to support the theory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Lewis base-catalyzed [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of silyl enolates generated from α-allyloxy carbonyl compounds is described. The [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of silyl enolates generated from α-allylo...


Previous research on apology has been focused on oral language,there has been,however,little information about written apology as a speech act.In this paper apology strategies and their pragmatic functions are explored based on a corpus of 107 contemporary Chinese personal reply letters.Findings reveal that(1) apology in the opening of Chinese reply letters primarily functions as a phatic act,and its underlying goal is seen as remedying, maintaining and enhancing the interpersonal relationship between writer and recipient;(2) The choices of lexicon and syntactic structures seem to be limited,but highly fixed and ritualized;(3) the employment of apology strategies are determined by the role power and distance between interactants.


AbstractA high-precision low-flow measurement device that used two different orifices valid over a wide range of small flows measured flow to a rain garden. The design of the device is presented. D...


BACKGROUND
Depression is assumed to be common in chronically ill patients during their last phase of life and is associated with poorer outcomes. The prevalence of depression is widely varying in previous studies due to the use of different terminology, classification, and assessment methods.

AIM
To explore the reported incidence of depressive disorder, as registered in the last phase of life of patients who died from cardiovascular disease, cancer or COPD, in a sample of primary care patients.

DESIGN AND SETTING
A historic cohort study, using a 20-year period registration database of medical records in four Dutch general practices (a dynamic population based on the Continuous Morbidity Registration database).

METHOD
Medical history of the sample cohort was analysed for the diagnosis of a new episode of depressive disorder and descriptive statistics were used.

RESULTS
In total 982 patients were included, and 19 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with a new depressive disorder in the last year of their life. The lifetime prevalence of depressive disorder in this sample was 8.2%.

CONCLUSION
The incidence of depressive disorder in the last phase of life is remarkably low in this study. These data were derived from actual patient care in general practice. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by GPs in the context of both patient needs and delivered care. A broader concept of depression in general practice is recommended to improve the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in patients in the last phase of life.


ABSTRACT This qualitative study investigated 27 US and 28 Turkish dyads of children between 4 and 6 years old who read 12 app books across a school year. Emergent coding and constant comparison were used to identify reading patterns in which the dyads engaged: hotspot-centric, text-centric, and integrated. Then we examined how characteristics of readers (socio-economic status, language, and gender), text (animations, navigation features, and typographical cues), and context (social interaction styles) were related to these reading patterns. Children read differently in their native versus a foreign language, and social interaction styles played a role in how reading patterns changed over time. Integrated reading, navigating sequentially through the app book, and collaborative social interactions were related to deeper meaning-making and the use of more effective reading patterns over time. Implications include how to model and scaffold app book reading practices, select texts for instruction, and design app books with features that have been shown to be effective.


There is growing attention to the influence of the drug and device industries on clinical research. This is especially important as the industry share of sponsorship for clinical research increases and the proportion of federal support decreases. The pharmaceutical industry has been fairly extensively studied. There is growing evidence that drug companies sometimes suppress unfavorable study results, selectively report positive results among a larger array of outcome measures, make unfair comparisons to alternative treatments (using suboptimal doses or routes of delivery for the competitor drug), and attach favorable interpretations to results of marginal clinical value. For these and other reasons, research projects sponsored by drug companies are more likely to show positive results than independently funded studies. Attention is now turning to the device industry, which has greater relevance in the surgical world. Conflicts of interest attributable to commercial ties appear to be on the rise in orthopaedic research. For example, a recent analysis of presentations at the annual meetings of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) showed that conflicts of interest increased from 3% in 1985 to 39% in 2002 for scientific papers and from 10 to 74% for symposia. Industry support was increasingly directed towards individuals rather than institutions. A paper presented last year at the AAOS Meeting reported a striking difference in results from commercially sponsored and noncommercially sponsored research on hip and knee implants. Commercially sponsored studies had dramatically more favorable results. Studies whose authors had royalty agreements related to the subject of research had especially positive results, with 94% reporting good results and 0% bad, cautious, or mediocre results. The study by Shah and Colleagues now extends these observations specifically to studies of spine interventions. They report that industry-funded studies in Spine are three times more likely to yield positive results than studies with any other funding source. The authors offer several possible explanations, relating to biases in study design, conduct, interpretation, or publication. Because the studies funded by industry and those not funded by industry may have addressed different types of interventions or technology, these results should be interpreted with some caution. One possibility is simply that industry-sponsored studies were focused on technology at a more advanced stage of development, more "ripe" for investigation, and therefore more likely to show positive results. Another possibility would be that industry-sponsored studies were more likely to be positive because of better research design or larger sample sizes. In some cases, industry-sponsored trials may not primarily be intended for research at all. Instead, they may be so-called "seeding trials," simply intended to promote wider use of a new technology among practitioners. This serves the purposes of marketing more than advancing scientific knowledge, and is a common practice in the drug industry. However, studies from the drug industry suggest that these factors alone are unlikely to explain the differences, and the biases suggested by Shah and colleagues are likely to be important. Despite these caveats, this is an important study that calls attention to a problem of increasing importance. We may hope that further research will shed light on this question and that strategies will be developed to minimize bias in all types of spine research. At the least, we might hope that investigators will abide by rules suggesting that data not be owned exclusively by the sponsor; that articles not be authored by the sponsor; that contractual agreements incorporate efforts to guarantee the independence of researchers; and that authors fully disclose all conflicts of interest.


FIELD: physics, computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic communication means for acquiring information from customers on use of products, by the customers, acquired from a store. The system comprises a communication network outside the store, a wireless portable handheld output device which includes a scanning device and is connected to said communication network, a retail server which interacts with said wireless device to acquire information from a customer and select a suitable time for transmitting information to said wireless device of the customer, to acquire information on the use of products. EFFECT: high reliability of the system and accuracy of information acquired from the customer. 13 cl, 4 dwg


Generally, the books concerning history of philosophy accept the proposition "the first principle of all things is water" that Thales said in 6th century BC as the birth of philosophical thought. What are the reasons and grounds of such an acceptance? Is to philosophise based on this acceptance a mental activity that extends from Ancient Greek to our times. Otherwise is there any possibility of philosophising differently in different cultures? All these questions are answered plainly or obscurely in the books concerning history of philosophy in Turkish. Therefore it seems possible to make relation to between our conception of philosophy and solution given for the problem of origin of philosophy by help of these answers.


As consumption of green tea has increased in recent years, so too have reports of its adverse effects. Hepatotoxicity is apparently caused by enzymatic inter...


Let us briefly consider, first, what we do teach regarding venereal disease; second, what deduction the average layman draws from information received, and, third, in what way our teaching may prevent the spread of infection. As physicians we teach the public by precept and by example; we do not give systematic lectures or demonstrations to laymen; we give brief and fragmentary personal talks to our own sons (generally not to our daughters); to the children of our patients occasionally, but generally after the acquirement of disease and not before; very occasionally a few lectures are given to young men as members of a college or school or church, but never, to my knowledge, to young women. Now and then one learns of a class of men being instructed in methods of prophylaxis. That is all, except such fragmentary individual instruction as the physician gives to his venereal patients. What can


A model of the dynamics of plasma renin activity under the influence of various doses of captopril is formulated. The influence of captopril on renin angiotensin system is different from the effects of the other studied drugs – nifedipine and nicardipine. Captopril inhibits the feedback in renin-angiotensin system and the upward trend of the renin activity is a proportional of the intrinsic growth rate. This dependence can be described using a modified Verhulst logistic function is proposed. The model is identified using the Korelia-Dynamics program. As optimization method for data identification a cyclic coordinate descent method is used. The residuals between the experimental data and the identified model are minimized applying least square or uniform fitting. The model allows prediction the effects of different captopril doses and permits the researcher to study the behavior of the renin angiotensin system under variety of conceivable conditions.


The effect of controlled release urea was extended ceaselessly now.But there's no report about it applied on rice-production in Heilongjiang province.The experiment of application effect on rice-production of controlled release urea was carried out in black soil area in the middle of Heilongjiang province.The results showed that mating with urea reasonably could increase the rice yield apparently,the range of increasing was 7.3%~15.7%.And could increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization,the range of increasing was 17.7%~25.5%.The best ratio of controlled release urea was 30%~50% in total nitrogen fertilizer applied.


During aerated unbalance drilling process,if the liquid-gas ratio is beyond some value in drill pipes,conventional slurry pulse MWD signal intense decreases fast,leading to inaccuracy data transmitting.So the issue of wellbore trajectory control in underbalanced drilling section limits the development of MWD and its application.Through the survey on various MWD instruments in China and abroad,Slimpulse MWD instrument is selected to conduct the function.The article analyzed the reason affecting the MWD pulse signal in aerated unbalance drilling process,proposed the principle of optimizing MWD instrument in aerated drilling high-temperature deep buried-hill formations,and briefly introduced the principle of slimpulse instrument from Schlumburger.It also made a point that the instrument could meet the normal orientation inclinometer requirements.Through the successful applications on the Well NP1-83,NP1-88,sidetracked NP1-88 and so on,it achieved trajectory control in high-temperature buried-hill aerated underbalanced drilling.


A combinatorial method to determine both acidic strength and acidic amount of each Lewis acid site in amide–AlCl3 based ionic liquid (IL) analogues was developed by the combination of in situ IR titration and NMR analysis. 31P NMR was used to distinguish effectively the acidic strength of each Lewis acid site in the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues. Nitrobenzene was used as a molecular probe to measure the total Lewis acidic amount of the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues by in situ IR titration. The acidic amount of each Lewis acid site in the amide–AlCl3 based IL analogues was calculated with the assistance of 27Al NMR analysis.


Peatland fires affect the diversity of bacteria, particularly key species bacteria (BKS). BKS has an important role in the structure of ecological community as key taxa to forming the composition and function. This study determined unique BKS candidates of the secondary forest which may not be found in burned areas. These candidates were detected in silico from the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) method from peat soil DNA sampled from secondary forest and burned areas in the Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve, Bukit Batu (GSK-BB). BKS candidates were selected from a phylogenetic tree constructed by using MEGA version 6.06. Selected BKS was in the same cluster as secondary forest and were re-selected using BLASTn: AlignTwo or More Sequence analysis to ensure the uniqueness of the sequences. Based on the selected candidates, specific primers were designed to amplify the 16S rRNA BKS gene. Sensitivity was tested in silico using FastPCR application to ensure that candidates were only in secondary forest. There were 19 BKS candidates found in the secondary forest and not in burnt land (BKS_SFB) that were classified into three groups. Based on the in silico PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using the designed primer, we obtained two high specificity BKS candidates, i.e. BKS SFB2 (455 bp) and BKS SFB3 (473 bp). The two candidates are potential as DNA barcodes for peatland quality monitoring after burning.


Peter Medway was an exceptionally able teacher, researcher and thinker, and his work throws light on governments, inspectors and educators. In the early 1960s, Peter met a theory which 'established language as a major means of constructing our realities'. Later, after teaching English in secondary schools for two decades, he reflected on why this theory had failed to make English more serious and more central. In his research, he looked into the history of English, its assumptions, practices and motivations. He also wrote about the significance of the students' experiences, looking carefully (and critically) at what they produced in talk and writing. Persuaded that English needs to be about using language rather than studying it, he helped students find the right words. Starting with their own words, Peter focused on the business of making interventions without compromising students' own agency. When he returned from Canada to take up a lectureship at King's College, London, he was dismayed by the state of English in schools. His dissatisfaction with current English teaching led to a fully funded research project as well as a major publication that tells a story of the way teacher-led change transformed English in post-war London, English Teachers in a Postwar Democracy. Here we remember what was special about his contribution, his legacy and why we will miss him.


The following paper evaluates some of the sociological data collected during the field work in Van, Turkey in 2007-2009, as part of an ethno-archeological study of a village located in an area known as "Ayanis" (Agartı), previously part of the Urartian Kingdom (third and second millennium BC). The field work is exploratory and ethnographic in nature, documenting the socio-economic characteristics of the villagers, spatial patterns of inhabitants, material cultural artifacts, and belief systems and attitudes about social institutions. The village of Ayanis has become a focus for inquiry due to its geographical location and sociological characteristics as it gives important indicators to understand a village in transition. Thus, the data presented in this article contribute to village studies as well as village survey monograph tradition, which represent a major methodological tool as well as a tendency in rural studies in Turkey.


THE ROTTING OF STEM AND ROOT ROTS OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS IN ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE Koltunov E.V. Botanical Garden of Ural Branch RAS, Ekaterinburg Ekaterinburg, Russia (620144, Yekaterinburg, 8th March Str., 202) firstname.lastname@example.com The studies have shown, that spreading of a Pinus sylvestris by rotting of stem and root rot in the urbanized city environment compound froms 53 to78 %. But outside of impact zones it much more low: 12-30 %. The pine was infected, mainly, with Phellinus pini. Comparative studying of rots development stages is realized. The significant differences between rots development stages in the city environment and outside of impact zones are revealed. We suppose, that high sickness rate of pines with rots in the city environment is caused by intensive aerotechnogenic pollution of the air environment. Moderate technogenic pollution of soil and moderate recreational дигрессия did not render considerable influence on sickness rate of pine with rots. The complex influence of phytocenosis recreational loading and aerotechnogenic pollution of the air environment in more considerable degree is accompanied by increase sickness rate of forest stands by rotting of stem and root rot, than everyone.


In this paper, we propose a fast placer for FPGA placement on a new commercial hierarchical FPGA device. The novelty of this research lies in the application of a multilevel V-shape optimization flow including an architecture related cluster process and a constructive placement. The new placer can handle large-scale FPGA placement problem quickly. Experimental results show that the proposed placer can further reduced the wirelength average 28.3% compared with simulated annealing based tool while achieving near 5X speedup in runtime for the five largest MCNC benchmarks.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the capturing rodent by an innovative patented rodent snap trap. Methods The new snap traps were set in the evening and checked in the next morning, and break back trap was used as contrast. Results The capturing rates of commensal rodent were 10.65% ( 10.67%- 10.63% )and 10.67% ( 4.00%- 17.33% ) respectively, for the new traps and break back traps, while the capturing rates of wild rodent were 1.33%( 0.50%- 3.00% ) and 5.67% ( 3.50%- 10.00% ) respectively. Conclusion The new trap is suitable to capture commensal rodent, not to wild rodent.


The quality and quantity of the nursing workforce are central to care quality and effective healthcare services. Therefore, how we prepare students during initial nurse education, and the continuing education of the nursing workforce, is a critical issue. This focus edition on nurse education includes papers that provide critical perspectives, reports of nursing curricula initiatives, and evaluations of approaches for teaching and learning, using different research approaches.


Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an aggressive histological subtype of thyroid carcinoma (THCA), whose occurrence rate is high. The participation of long noncoding RNAs in the pathologies of cancers has attracted significant attention during the past decades. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of NR2F1 antisense RNA 1 (NR2F1‐AS1) in PTC. The expression of NR2F1 in THCA samples was analyzed by bioinformatics tool gene expression profiling interactive analysis. Levels of NR2F1‐AS1, microRNA‐423‐5p (miR‐423‐5p), and SRY‐box 12 (SOX12) were evaluated by a quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The impact of NR2F1‐AS1 on PTC cell proliferation and invasion was assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8, EdU, and Transwell invasion assays. The interactions among NR2F1‐AS1, miR‐423‐5p, and SOX12 were determined by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Consequently, we found that NR2F1‐AS1 and SOX12 levels were elevated in PTC, whereas miR‐423‐5p was downregulated in PTC cells. Functionally, NR2F1‐AS1 silence led to reduced proliferation and invasion of PTC cells. Mechanistically, NR2F1‐AS1 interacted with miR‐423‐5p to induce SOX12 expression in PTC cells. In conclusion, the present study firstly stated that NR2F1‐AS1 regulated miR‐423‐5p/SOX12 to promote proliferation and invasion of PTC, indicating NR2F1‐AS1 as a potential novel target for the molecular‐targeted therapy of PTC.


This may be a good time to build and operate a communications network connecting major cities in a region to support internal utility communications needs as well as to generate revenues from leasing excess communications capacity on a commercial basis. The author outlines the concept of regional approach and a two-phase feasibility study that would survey the market potential and then work out a detailed design, easements, organization, and regulation issues. A representative of each participating utility should function as a member of the joint study management committee.


This paper studied the toxicology security of increasing intellect milk powder.Through mouth acute toxicity experiment,the product is innocuous.The result of three-inheritance toxicity experiment check of Ames experiment,small rat marrow mottled red cell microkernel experiment,small rat sperm malformation experiment is negative.The experimental animals are not affected by toxicity damage through 30 days feeding experiment.


In this work, four 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) with different substituent groups in anions, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glycollate [C4mim][HOCH2COO], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate [C4mim][CH3CHOHCOO], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium benzoate [C4mim][C6H5COO], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glycinate [C4mim][H2NCH2COO], have been synthesized and characterized. Their densities (ρ) and surface tensions (γ) have been determined experimentally in the temperature range of (298.15 to 343.15) K. By using thermodynamic and empirical equations, molar volume (Vm), isobaric expansivity (αp), standard entropy (S°), lattice energy (UPOT), surface excess entropy (Ss), vaporization enthalpy (ΔlgHm0) and Hildebrand solubility parameter (δH) of these ILs have been derived from density and surface tension data. The effects of substituent groups in carboxylate anions on densities and surface tensions of these ILs have been assessed from the analysis of the structure–property relat...


In this paper, we discuss a haptically enhanced broadcasting system. Four stages of a proposed system are briefly analyzed: scene capture, edit, transmission, and display with haptic interaction. In order to show usefulness of the proposed system, a potential home shopping scenario is implemented.


An automotive powertrain is composed of engine, transmission, and drivetrain subsystems which can be considered "modules". The associated controllers, including engine fuel-injection controller, transmission controller and cruise controller subsystems, may also be considered "modules". This modular structure lends itself well to the object-oriented programming concept. The advantages of this approach are the improved software reusability and productivity. In this paper, an efficient automotive powertrain simulation tool is developed in the PC environment, using MATLAB/Simulink, which supports the object-oriented programming concept in a visual programming environment. In developing this simulation tool, much attention is given to preserving generic modular properties, so that it can be used for many types of powertrain configurations. In fact, a commercially-available engine simulation toolbox can be registered as a module in this simulation tool. In addition, much attention is given to speed up the required computation time.


International Organizations (IOs), such as the United Nations, are struggling to come up with innovative approaches to fulfill their core missions in today's digital world. Intrapreneurship, entrep...


The bottom culture of southward-transplanted sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a subtropical fish farm was investigated in a field study at Dapeng Cove, Daya Bay, from January 5-August 5 2011, with the aim of finding the ideal period for culturing A. japonicus in fish farms, and developing an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in southern China. Results showed that the bottom-cultured sea cucumbers survived well (100%) before summer, survival rates decreased to 65.00 +/- 21.21% in July, and all animals had died at the end of the study. Specific growth rates of the sea cucumbers were high during winter (1.05 +/- 0.03% d(-1)), decreased in early spring (0.44 +/- 0.11% d(-1)) and became negative in the following months. Growth rate was mainly influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen and sulphide content; the anoxia caused by water column stratification at the sea-floor in the summer were the main causes of mass mortality. Our results indicate that bottom culture in the temperate season (winter and spring, optimally from late November to early April) is a viable way to rear the deposit feeder A. japonicus underneath a subtropical fish farm.


A time-resolved chelator BSPDA containing thiol-functionality(BSPDA,abbrevi- ated from 4,7-bis(sulfhydrylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid)was synthesized from BCPDA(BCPDA,abbreviated from 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid)by reduction,then it was complexed with europium(Ⅲ,Eu~(3+))to give 1:1 and 2:1(molecular frac- tion)complexes.The europium complexes'fluorescence spectra were characterized and related lifetimes exceeding several hundred of microseconds were determined,verifying the 2:1 complexes a slight longer lifetime than that of 1:1 because of more efficient complex interaction and energy transfer from ligand BSPDA to europium(Ⅲ)in the former.


GaAs/Si(n)/GaAs, n=1 to 3 mono-layers (ML) were grown on GaAs (100) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Double crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curve and Rutherford backscattering/chanelling studies indicated that 1 ML of Si grows coherently and psuedomorphicatly on GaAs and 2 and 3 ML Si exhibit increasing defect nature and are probably relaxed. Raman scattering measurements of the cap GaAs layer showed an increase in intensity of forbidden transverse optical (TO) phonon peak with increasing underlying Si layer thickness. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that for 1 ML Si, the Si-GaAs interface and the Si layer are defect free. However, for increasing thickness of Si to n=2 and 3 ML, defect density increased at the Si-GaAs cap layer interface.


Graduation Monografh Law School Federal University of Santa Maria SELF-DETERMINATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND NATION-STATE: ANALYSIS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AUTHOR: MARCELO TADIELLO MORAES ADVISER: GIULIANA REDIN Date and Place of the Defense: Santa Maria, December 02, 2014. The present paper has as its objective to analyze the evolution of the concept of the right to self-determination of peoples until its recognition to indigenous peoples, as well as to identify which are the existing parameters to its exercise on the Brazilian legal system. It starts with an analysis of the right to self-determination in its traditional conception, associated to territories under the trusteeship regimen, taking to the enlargement of the conception to cover the still existing colonies after World War II and, most recently, the existing ethnic minorities in a multiethnic State, context in which are inserted the indigenous peoples. By analyzing the aspects of the right to self-determination, it is shown that the right of indigenous peoples is associated mainly to the ideals of autonomy and self-government, expressed on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, that doesn't lead, at first, to the right of secession. By this way, it is shown that the effective respect to selfdetermination of those peoples depends on the existence of parameters on the legal system of each State that make possible its exercise. It is taken, then, to an analysis of the Brazilian legal system since the colonial age, trying to identify remote antecedents that have represented a drawing of the right to self-determination of those peoples. At last, it is identified as internal correspondents to the right of selfdetermination the originary rights over the occupied lands and the State's duty on consulting the peoples before the adoption of measures that might affect them, making a brief analysis on specific cases associated to those rights to identify if there is an effective respect on the part of the Brazilian State.


ABSTRACT: As one of the best-known linguistic constraints on code-switching, Poplack (1980) has proposed the 'free morpheme constraint' which predicts no switching between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme. Although the free morpheme constraint is attractive due to its simplicity, cross-linguistic data do not support the constraint. The present study argues that semantic content of an item should be considered rather than its morphological form. As an alternative to the free morpheme constraint, a constraint based on the notion of semantic content is proposed.


We propose precise, physically absolute temperature profiling based on use of radiosonde GNSS carrier phase measurements. This contribution provides some theory development, especially on error propagation both in extracting tropospheric zenith total delays and in recovering water vapour and temperature profiles from these, using an on-board precise pressure sensor. It is shown that useful precisions can be achieved even with existing technology, which holds an interest especially for meteorological and climatological research use.


2 Abstract: Twenty five yearling male Horro lambs with initial body weights (IBW) of 23.14±2.45 kg (mean±SD) were used to determine effect of supplementation of wheat bran (WB), Acacia albida leaf meal (AA) or their mixture on nutrient digestibility, feed intake and growth performance of yearling Horro lambs fed a basal diet of vetch (Lathyrus sativus) haulm (VH). Animals were blocked into 5 based on IBW and were randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments were ad libitum feeding of VH either without supplement (T1) or with daily supplement of 300 g DM of sole WB (T2), sole AA (T5), or mixture of the two at 2:1 (T3) or 1:2 (T4) ratios of WB:AA. The study had 7 days digestibility and 84 days feeding trial. The VH, WB and AA had crude protein (CP) contents of 6.5, 16.0 and 19.5%, respectively. Supplementation did not impact (P > 0.05) dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility but significant increased (P 0.05). Positive and significant (r=0.82, P < 0.05) correlation was observed between ADG and CP digestibility. This relationship might have caused growth performance differences among treatments.


The axial heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling of n-hexane was measured using infrared thermography to determine the axial wall temperature in three geometrically similar annular gaps with different widths (s = 1.5 mm, s = 1 mm, s = 0.5 mm). During the design and evaluation process, the methods of statistical experimental design were applied. The following factors/parameters were varied: the heat flux q · = 30 − 190 kW / m 2 , the mass flux m · = 30 − 700 kg / m 2 s , the vapor quality x · = 0 . 2 − 0 . 7 , and the subcooled inlet temperature T U = 20 − 60 K . The test sections with gap widths of s = 1.5 mm and s = 1 mm had very similar heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer coefficient increases significantly in the range of subcooled boiling, and after reaching a maximum at the transition to the saturated flow boiling, it drops almost monotonically with increasing vapor quality. With a gap width of 0.5 mm, however, the heat transfer coefficient in the range of saturated flow boiling first has a downward trend and then increases at higher vapor qualities. For each test section, two correlations between the heat transfer coefficient and the operating parameters have been created. The comparison also shows a clear trend of an increasing heat transfer coefficient with increasing heat flux for test sections s = 1.5 mm and s = 1.0 mm, but with increasing vapor quality, this trend is reversed for test section 0.5 mm.


This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance of the star 16QAM scheme using iterative decision-directed channel estimation (DDCE) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). The star 16QAM scheme achieves more efficient modulation compared to square 16QAM in that it decreases the actual required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) satisfying the target average BLER considering the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal for a low channel coding rate. Hence, the feature of the paper is that we apply iterative DDCE using soft-decision symbol estimation based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of an extrinsic probability at the Max-Log-MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) decoder output to achieve an efficient modulation scheme with a low required average received SNR. Computer simulation results show that for the star 16QAM scheme, the average BLER using the iterative DDCE is very close to that with ideal channel estimation for a low channel coding rate such as an R = 1/3 turbo code. We also show that when iterative DDCE is employed, the (8, 8) star 16QAM scheme decreases the required average received SNR considering the cubic metric at the average BLER of 10-2 by approximately 0.7 dB compared to the square 16QAM scheme.


Tandem coding and decoding has been demonstrated to yield arbitrarily low error rates provided a sufficiently large block length is used. When applied to practical systems that are inherently limited to a finite complexity and therefore to finite block lengths, such a strategy may be largely suboptimal. Indeed, a tandem decoding strategy ignores two types of information: the source memory and the residual redundancy of the source coder. Moreover, conventional source decoders, within a tandem decoding strategy, are designed to perform the inverse operation of the source coder and may severely decrease performance if errors are still present at their input. One viable alternative, that has been demonstrated to yield gains, is the design of a joint source-channel decoding scheme that would take the additional sources of redundancies — the source memory and the source coder's residual redundancy — into account. In this context, we propose a novel, iterative joint source-channel decoding algorithm. The proposed scheme is derived from a Bayesian network representation of the coding chain and incorporates three types of information: the source memory; the residual redundancy of the source coder; and finally the redundancy introduced by the channel coder. Specifically, we modify an existing algorithm by first deriving a new, equivalent Bayesian network representation of the coding chain. Next, we derive a fully consistent methodology, within the framework of Bayesian networks, for performing the iterations. The proposed algorithm is shown to yield significant gains along with a drastic reduction in computational complexity when compared with the existing one. Finally, we outline additional possible improvements on the proposed algorithm. They include methods for further reductions in computational complexity at no cost in performance in one case, and at a slight cost in performance in the other.


Massive Open Online Course(MOOC) is a new development of knowledge learning. Two main models (xMOOC and cMOOC) provide online open education thanks to the wide use of information and communication technologies. The attractiveness of MOOCs is an undeniable fact and the number of participants on institutional websites is very important. Despite this success, the number of learners completing the entire Mooc is very low. In this paper we propose to improve MOOC completion rates by adaptive and playful approach. For this, we propose the use of flexible learning paths and integration with a Serious Game.


The success of software ecosystems highly depends on the variety and quality of end-user applications. Therefore, attracting third-party developers and facilitating application development is crucial. Platform boundary resources enable third-party developers to create the applications. Thus, the platform boundary resources expose and extend the platform architecture. We conducted an industrial case study on third-party developer experience, particularly on the role of platform boundary resources in exposing the platform architecture and facilitating development. The studied ecosystem is centered on managing end-users' content across devices, the ecosystem was in its pre-commercial phase. The results identify the platform boundary resources in the case study and propose a model for classifying the resources. Further, designing the platform boundary resources is not only about opening up the platform architecture. Instead, the platform boundary resources need to account for a rich variety of applications, or at least not limit too much the creativity of third-party developers, while still aiming at the ease of development. We conclude that the platform boundary resources need to be created for the third-party developers, rather than from the platform architecture.


270 MHz 1H NMR spectra were used to study of the structure of end groups and terminal monomeric units in polybutadienes produced by radical polymerization, initiated with hydrogen peroxide and a series of substituted benzoyl peroxides. The hydroxyl or aroyl groups were found to be bounded to the methylene end group of the 1,4-cis-, 1,4-trans- or 1,2-butadiene terminal units. The terminal units are richer in 1,2-structures than the backbone due to the influence of hydroxyle or of the groups on the relative reactivity of carbons 1 and 3 in the allylic radical, formed by initiation. 1,2-Units at the chain ends and in the backbone are predominantly joined to 1,4-units; this results in a magnetic nonequivalence of the methylene protons in 1,2-structures. Data are also presented on the extent of radical decarboxylation during initiation by substituted benzoyl peroxides and also on the introduction of solvent fragements in polybutadienes obtained by initiation with hydrogen peroxide in alcoholic media.


Air bearing assembly includes an upper having a plurality of air supply and the vacuum line therethrough, is disposed between the lower and upper and lower, includes a plurality of spacers to maintain them placed spaced relationship, as the density of the air supply and the vacuum holes, but high enough to provide an air bearing for the substrate to maintain a substantially uniform flatness of the upper relative to the lower, (i) a sufficient number spacer is used, and (ii) the spacer is located near to sufficiently close, that at least one low enough to stand out of.


With discrete and independent triangles,traditional TIN model limits the representation ability of spatial entities and spatial relations,so it is difficult to implement spatial analysis and manipulation among geographical entities and its application is restricted within visualization,rendering,illumination,etc.It is impossible to meet the requirement of entity representation and relation analysis only by expanding and improving existing model.Considering object oriented organizing,based on simple partition theories,this paper brought forward a particular idea of topological modeling in TIN,so entity representation and analysis could be put into execution in terrain TIN.In addition,this paper gave an object triangulated irregular network(OTIN) and an euler direction model(EDM).Not only the hypsography but also the entity could be abundantly represented by this model.Therefore the entity query and analysis become very easy in OTIN.


7043 Background: Relapse is the most common reason for failure of allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT). Identifying patients at increased relapse risk is crucial for improving outcomes. Prognostic somatic mutations have been identified in AML but their prognostic value after SCT is unknown. We hypothesize that next generation sequencing (NGS) can predict SCT outcome in AML. Methods: We performed NGS for 33 hematologic malignancy associated genes in 62 adult patients treated with SCT for de novo AML (2003-2013). Relapse free survival (RFS) was compared by Cox regression with adjustment for cytogenetic risk, conditioning intensity, donor type and graft source. Results: At least 1 mutation was identified in 56 (90%) patients (median 2, range 0-6) including 35 of 36 (97%) patients with intermediate cytogenetics (median 3, range 0-6). Among patients with intermediate cytogenetics transplanted in CR, poor prognostic mutations were found in 9 of 15 FLT3ITD negative patients (2 DNMT3A; 3 DNMT3A + IDH; 1 DNMT3A +...


Abstract. Based on a mononuclear precursor [Mn(Hstp)2(4,4′-Hbpy)2] (1), a hetero-metallic complex, [Mn2Ni(stp)2(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)4] (2) [stp = 2-sulfoterephthalate, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bpyridine] was synthesized by solvothermal reaction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the MnII ion of the precursor 1 is hexacoordinate by four oxygen atoms from two Hstp2– anions and two nitrogen atoms from two protonated 4, 4′-Hbpy, and hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in constructing 3D supramolecular structure. While complex 2 features a self-weaving framework from 1D straight chains and 2D wavy networks with double helical chains. Magnetic behavior of complex 2 was analyzed in connection with its crystal structure, which exhibits the weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the MnII and NiII ions.


ABSTRACT In this investigation, commercially pure titanium (grade2) was machined under cryogenic conditions at high cutting speeds with varying feed rates and depths of cuts. A Taguchi orthogonal array is used to choose the cutting parameters. The output responses include experimentally confirmed cutting forces (Vc), surface roughness (Ra), tool wears, chip production, and chip shape. In order to obtain the final significant machinability, an excellent parametric combination for the work section was obtained by GRA. ANOVA was used to estimate the percentage contributions of the control components. Finally, the cryogenic liquid significantly lowers the cutting temperatures even at high cutting speeds, producing chips with favorable serrations.


the article describes the main measures for the fight against harmful emissions at the HPS from ash, SOx, NOx, considered deep and comprehensive cleaning of flue gases on boilers TP-13 of HPSat steam-air blowing station of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC. It was suggested to replace the ash collectors at the boiler TP-13 to electrocycle type "Vertical Electrocycle– 100" of new generation with suitable dimensions, as well as using of inexpensive sodium silicate binder technology. The work is part of the main project of heat power station of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC increase the degree of purification of exhaust gases and reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere from boilers of TP-13.


Heavy oil recovery processes have traditionally used once through steam generators (OTSG) to produce high pressure steam for injection into geological formations containing heavy oil. The heat given up by the condensing steam fluidizes the heavy oil and allows the oil/water mixture to be brought to the surface. The oil is recovered as product and the water, referred to as produced water, is de-oiled and treated for feedwater to the OTSG. The typical treatment method for produced water is warm or hot lime softening (WLS or HLS), filtration, and weak acid cation exchange (WAC). An alternative method of produced water treatment is vertical tube, falling film, vapour compression evaporation. This method: 1) eliminates physical-chemical produced water treatment; 2) results in lower life cycle costs; 3) does not produce any softener sludge for disposal; 4) minimizes the number and volume of waste streams requiring disposal; 5) requires fewer maintenance materials and less maintenance labour; 6) reduces the required amount of produced water de-oiling equipment; 7) dramatically increases OTSG feed water quality, improving OTSG reliability; and, 8) provides increased system availability and reliability. For steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) processes, which require 100% quality steam, it has the added advantage of producing water of sufficient quality for use in standard packaged boilers in lieu of OTSG. Packaged boilers are less expensive than OTSG, produce a much smaller liquid blowdown stream, and result in a boiler feed system which is 20% smaller than that of an OTSG.


In a 1945 interview with The New York Times, Alexander Fleming, who won a Nobel Prize that year for his discovery of pencillin, warned that misuse of the drug could result in selection for resistant bacteria. True to this prediction, resistance began to emerge within 10 years of the widescale introduction of penicillin. Indeed, although antibiotics have transformed the medical response to bacterial illness and rendered easily treatable many formerly deadly infections, the mishandling and misprescription of these drugs have transformed the bacterial population such that many antibiotics have partially or entirely lost their efficacy. The problem is severe enough that many experts believe the value of existing antibiotic therapies over the next 100 years is now uncertain. However, some also believe that with a proper response to the current trend in antibiotic resistance, these drugs might once again serve their original function.


We have fabricated La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 ultrathin films with an atomically flat surface and have systematically investigated the magnetism for film thickness dependence. The 20-nm-thick film showed a maximum peak of TC (310 K). It was found that even the 5-nm-thick film showed a TC of 290 K near room temperature, which opens up the possibility of spin devices working at room temperature. Furthermore, we have adopted noncontact magnetic force microscopy to evaluate local magnetization in ultrathin (La,Ba)MnO3 films, and confirmed that several tens of nanocale ferromagnetic domains appear at room temperature.


This paper considers the problem of speci cation testing in general parametric models and shows that for a wide class of models the hypothesis of correct speci cation is equivalent to a continuum of moment equalities. Using these moment equalities we construct a class of speci cation tests that have correct asymptotic size in general parametric models, including stationary time series models, and that are consistent when the above equivalence holds. We show that the proposed tests have power against √ T -local alternatives and compare them to previously proposed consistent tests of distributional speci cation, both from a theoretical perspective and in simulation. JEL Classi cation: C52


Asanimportant indicator measuring gains fromtrade, acountry's termsoftrade (TOT)andits variation have significant welfareimplications. Literature review finds that moststudies onTOTareof empirical nature whiletheoretical analysis especially systematic onesonTOT'sdeterminate factors arenot commonly found. Different scholars havemadeefforts to expandneoclassical modelsofTOT fromdifferent perspectives, butthechoices ofneoclassical premises given uphavebeenmadeaccording totheir specific academic interests while other premises areheldconstant. Expanded theoretical models thus derived areinnosense of general equilibrium nature. Started withthe illustration ofneoclassical model, thepapergives up neoclassical premises systematically andtakesthree steps tofurther theoretical analysis andexpand TOT models accordingly.


The calculation methods and design principles of chilled water pipelines are analyzed.Based on a hydraulic calculation example,the dimension,pipeline resistance,pipeline system energy consumption and capital cost of large temperature difference air conditioning systems are calculated and compared with conventional air conditioning systems.The results indicate that when the temperature difference between chilled supply-water and return-water increases from 5 ℃(△t=5℃) to 12.5 ℃(△t=12.5℃),the capital cost of a chilled-water pipeline system with large temperature difference is about 20% less,and the power consumption of the pump about 55~66% lower than for a conventional air conditioning system.Therefore,for air-conditioning systems with a certain cold load,adopting low temperature chilled water systems with large temperature differences instead of conventional air conditioning systems there will be savings in energy consumption and investment costs of the piping system.


This thesis, a collaboration between CEMES-CNRS, Satie laboratory (ENS Cachan) and NXP Semiconductors is motivated by the comprehension of the failure mechanisms of low voltage power MOSFET devices produced for applications in the automotive industry.
A limiting factor for the long-term reliability of power modules is the electro- thermal and/or thermo-mechanical aging of the metallic parts of the source: Al metallization and bonding wires. At the temperature reached during the on-off operating cycles (few hundred degrees), the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the metallization and the oxide and semiconductor parts induces an inevitable plastic deformation in the metal, which is the softest material in the complex MOSFET architecture.
We have characterized the metal microstructure before and after accelerated electro-thermal aging tests, by using specific techniques from the field of the physical metallurgy: electron and ion microscopy, grain orientation and chemical composition mapping. For the first time the source metallization has been characterized both away and under the bonding connections, which are one hundred times thicker than the metallization layer. The latter is a critical location for the reliability assessment because the ultrasonic bonding process may weaken the initial metallization microstructure by adding an important plastic deformation prior to aging. This is, however, poorly stated in the literature because of the difficulty to access the metallization under the wires without damaging their bonding, which is known to be particularly weak in case of aged modules.
In order to investigate the wire-metallization interface, we have set up original sample preparations, based on ion polishing, that allowed us to disclose the metallization under the bonding wires without introducing preparation artifacts in the microstructure. The bonding process induces a severe and non- uniform plastic deformation in the metallization under the wires without recreating a good electrical contact: small cavities and native oxide residues, have been systematically observed at the Al/Al interface, in all the analyzed mod- ules, before and after aging.
The main mechanism behind the device failure is the generation and propagation of fatigue cracks in the aluminum metallization, associated to a local Al oxidation that prevents these crack from closing. Away and under the wire bonds, they run perpendicularly from the surface down to the silicon substrate following the grain boundaries, due to an enhanced intergranular diffusion of aluminum atoms. In the bonding area, the phenomenon of parallel cracking is favored by the initial imperfections in the wire-metallization bonding. Ion tomography experiments have shown that these cracks are confined to the wiremetal interface and do not propagate in the wire despite its lower strength (pure Al, larger grain structure). Crack propagation along the Al/Al interface can cause a contact reduction between the wire and the source metallization and eventually its failure. Such discontinuities in the metal can explain the lo- cal increase in the device resistance and temperature that accelerates the aging process until failure.
This study settled new, dedicated techniques and quantification methods to as- sess the aging of the metal parts of MOSFET devices. The full characterization of the intrinsically defective interface generated by the bonding process and the metallization degradation during electro-thermal aging indicated paths to possible improvements of current technologies and potential developments of new processes.


The research mainly studies the generalized Liouville theorem for harmonic functions with value in an universal Clifford algebra.By using some lemma and the generalized Liouville theorem for regular functions,the generalized Liouville theorem for harmonic functions in high dimensional space is obtained.


Radio frequency interference is an increasing threat to the operation of satellite communications. This paper describes an on-board equipment designed to monitor the multiple uplink frequency bands used by a communication satellite, detect and characterize in real-time any interfering signal, localize the interference source, and deliver a cleaned version of the interfered signal. The architecture of the monitoring equipment relies on a software-defined radio concept. It enables to digitize and process simultaneously signals received from several on-board uplink antennas. The interference counteraction algorithms are implemented in a state-of-the-art FPGA. The paper details the selected counteraction techniques and presents an assessment of their performance for detecting, characterizing, localizing and mitigating uplink interference, based on simulation.


This improved version of Fritz John's New York University lecture notes, entitled Advanced Numerical Methods and first issued in 1956, has been long awaited. From the treatment of norms of vectors and matrices to the study of methods in linear algebra, in approximation theory, in finding roots of systems of equations, in solving ordinary and partial differential equations, the author leaves his characteristic imprint. Here is the work of a master analyst who spent an intensive and short productive period in the illumination of a wide variety of topics in numerical analysis. The book is a classic that invites mathematicians to learn what numerical analysis is about. The reviewer is only one of the generations that have benefitted from this fine work. E. I.


Canada is at an interesting point in its history, where the atrocious assimilation practices that were in place until the mid-1990s are being acknowledged in the hopes for a better relationship between Canada's Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Both the Truth and Reconciliation Commission report, and the Canadian Federation of Library Associations/Federation Canadienne des Associations de Bibliotheques (CFLA/FCAB)'s report from its Truth and Reconciliation Committee (n.d.) recognize the significant role of education needed to address changes. Where do academic libraries fit into this? I first discuss the colonial history of libraries, as extensions of education institutions, followed by a look at how library and information science (LIS) curriculum falls short in preparing students for working with Indigenous peoples and Indigenous resources. Finally, I examine how libraries can decolonize their services. Canadian academic library staff cannot continue to be so ill-equipped to serve Indigenous students and faculty.


Detailed theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to determine the resonant frequencies and the vibrational behaviour of electrical machine stators of different sizes. During the course of the study of resonant frequencies and the nature of the vibration at resonance, the effects of the frame, laminations, dynamics of the teeth and windings were critically examined. Further, investigations were conducted on the electromagnetic excitation forces that induce vibrations in the machine during its operation. These forces produce cyclic deformations of the stator and the rotor, and they generally occur at predictable frequencies. The electromagnetic radial-forces depend on the nature of the magnetic field in the air-gap of a machine. A detailed study was done to examine the effects of various parameters on the magnetic field and the radial-forces. A simple and elegant technique is developed to predict the various frequency components in the audible noise spectrum


This application discloses a kind of data processing method and equipment based on block chain, comprising: block chain node determines the data attribute of the business datum when receiving the business datum wait store;If the data attribute of the business datum is text type, then the business datum is encrypted using the private key of preset public and private key centering corresponding with user identifier that is including in the business datum;If the data attribute of the business datum is image type, then it is determined that the abstract of the business datum, and using the private key of preset public and private key centering corresponding with user identifier that is including in the business datum, the abstract is encrypted.By the decentralization of block chain technology, it is open and clear, can not distort, trusted the features such as, according to the data attribute of business datum, take different processing modes, business datum is stored in block chain network, it can either guarantee the authenticity of business datum, and can guarantee not being tampered for business datum.