.......................................................................................................... xxi 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................... 1 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA E HIPÓTESES EXPERIMENTAIS ......................... 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3.............................................................................................................................. 3 1.INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 5 2. Functional foods and substances that interfere with functionality of the organism ................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 1 – Chemical structure of inulin-type fructans according to the number of fructose molecules linked to the glucose of saccharose ............................................. 9 Table 1 – Concentration of FOS and Inulin (%) in different foods ........................... 10 3.Yacon: origin, composition and general aspects of functionality ................. 10 4. The influence diagram and causality circles ................................................. 11 Figure 2 – "Influence diagram" flow involved in the "circles of causality": i) R = Reinforcing loop (where the variable X = increase(+) the variable Y = increase (+) the variable X and B = Balancing loop (where the variable X = increased (+) by the variable Y which is decreased (-) by the variable X. Adapted from: Griffith, 2013. ................................................................................................................................. 11 5. Main mechanisms related to the beneficial effects of FOS/inulin from yacon in type 2 diabetes mellitus .................................................................................. 12 Figure 3. Influence diagram representing an increase in quality of life from ingesting FOS/inulin from yacon root or processed reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in menopause. (+) increase / (-) decrease. GLP-1 – Glucagon-like peptide. ............................................................................................................................. 14


The ranging performance of radar is based on its performance of echo detection.Generally the echo signal of radar is too small to detect,in order to detect the small useful signal,it is a method to accumulate the echo wave within video-frequency or within mid-frequency.This paper analyzes the increased ratio of echo's SNR(signal-to-noise rate) and the according pulse accumulation method is designed and realized by digitalizing the echo and synchronously accumulating them in FPGA(field programmable gate array),which improves that the SNR of accumulation of ten time-cycles is ten times than that of no accumulation.Although the method of accumulation is used in the field of radar,it can be used in the other fields,such as,in the research on biological medicine electric measurement.


The procedures used to establish statistics of atmospheric constraints of interest to the Space Shuttle mission planning are presented. The statistics considered are for the frequency of occurrence, runs, and time conditional probabilities of several atmospheric constraints for each of the Space Shuttle mission phases. The mission phases considered are (1) prelaunch, (2) launch operations, (3) return to launch site, (4) abort once around landing, and (5) end of mission landing. Previously announced in STAR as N82-33417


In this article, we present a statistical narrowband mobile satellite maritime propagation channel model at the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band based on empirical observations using GPS <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C/N_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements from a receiver onboard a vessel in different sea conditions. The model is fully parameterized for all possible elevation angles. In the measurements, we have used a low-gain, 6.2 dBi, hemispherical antenna. The parameters provided, thus, are valid for this and similar antenna gains.


(…) Simulations with the model demonstrated how the assumption of a hyperbolic dependence of photosynthetic rate on internal CO 2 concentration could lead to an increase in water use efficiency as stomates close. The model confirmed published data showing that stomatal closure induced by salinization increases the efficiency under water stress and leads to a greater C gain per irrigation cycle. Other simulations demonstrated how an increase in the volume of soil explored by unit mass of new roots could lead to greater amounts of water uptake and C gain per cycle. Interactions among these and other factors can be studied in a way that would not otherwise be possible


Theoretical and experimental investigations of transmission coefficients of longitudinal waves through metal plates immersed in air have been carried out for noncontact and nondestructive testing (NDT) of metal plates. Transmission coefficients through metal plates in water and through polymer plates in air have also been shown for comparisons. Theoretical relations between the transmission coefficients and the Lamb wave dispersions were described. It was confirmed that the transmission coefficients took high values when the Lamb waves were generated without exception. Quantitative evaluations for the transmission coefficients were investigated for the use of the air-coupled ultrasounds. The experimental verifications were carried out using 1-, 3-, and 5-mm-thick aluminum plates. The experimental results of the transmission coefficients were in fairly good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


For better or for worse, we live in an age of consumer credit. To that end, it is beyond contention that the use of consumer credit has become a part of American culture. Indeed, during the course of the twentieth century, attitudes about debt and consumption shifted from moral shame to resounding acceptance. Many believe quite firmly that the escalation in the utilization of consumer credit during the past four or five decades is the result of a loss of personal self-discipline and the rise of materialistic cupidity by the average consumer. Despite this belief, however, borrowing and lending by American consumers have been prevalent practices since the late nineteenth century. But it is in the past few decades that the average American has become indebted and overextended like never before. And while it would certainly be disingenuous to suggest that a segment of American consumers have not attempted to live avariciously beyond their practical means, in today's


Hazardous alcohol consumption is ranked above illicit drug use with regards to health deterioration and social and economic burden. This study sought to clarify the factors influencing alcohol consumption and its prevalence in young adults. Demographics, alcohol consumption and lifestyle information were gathered via anonymous questionnaires during 2011–2019, crossing Reading, Surrey and Farnborough universities, UK. Controlling for confounders, a multinomial logistic regression was performed using SAS® 9.4 software. A total of 1440 students (43.5% males, 56.5% females; 54.4% Caucasians) with a mean (SD) age of 19.9 (2.73) were included. Among them, 68.9% consumed alcohol frequently and 31.7% had ≥12 units/week. Statistical analysis revealed that males consumed twice more alcohol than females, odds ratio (OR) 1.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34–2.09), p-value < 0.01. Caucasians consumed up to five times more alcohol than other ethnicities, OR 4.55 (3.57–5.56), p-value < 0.01. Smokers consumed three times more alcohol than non-smokers, OR 2.69 (1.82, 3.99), p-value < 0.01. In general, the levels of alcohol consumption were positively associated with the levels of physical activity, OR 2.00 (1.17–3.42), p-value < 0.05 and negatively associated with recreational sedentary screen-time activities in males, OR 0.31 (0.12–0.86), p-value = 0.03. Focusing alcohol interventions toward Caucasians, smokers and physically active students, particularly males, may guide university strategies to reduce alcohol-related societal harm and risks of morbidity and mortality.


In todayʹs world it is clear that individuals are not able to dissolve the difficulties that the system creates them. The problems of people remain undefined and individual malaise never reaches the level of public problems. Recalling the sociological imagination ‐ which should bring the personal uneasiness of individuals to the companyʹs objective disturbances to turn public indifference into involvement with public issues (Mills 1973) ‐ This article is aimed to promote a re‐reading of Karl Polanyi thought because it seems to be very timely. In fact, Polanyi argued that "allow the market mechanism to be the sole steering element of the fate of human beings and their natural environment, and even the amount and use of purchasing power" would lead to the demolition of society (Polanyi, 2004, 64). He intended to counter the idea that the market society constitute the landing ʺnaturalʺ human society, using the explanatory diagram of the double movement: on the one hand, the market tends to expand; on the other, the company seeks to curb this expansion (see. Polanyi, 2004, 98). A renewed reflection on the thought of Polanyi is certainly a significant contribution to the understanding of the current society, in which the market economy is the current horizon of the work of the sociologist.


The question of how to desiqn a highe~ efficiency ~eei~~oeating refrigerator freezer compressor is addressed. This question is examined in light of the advent of alternate refrigerants and alternate lubricating oils. Some analytical results and also some experimental results are presented. The relationship between alternate refrigerants, oil viscosity and compressor geometry is exa1111ned froiD an analytical point of view and some e~periaental results are presented. IIITRODUCTIOII The question of how to build a •ore efficient refrigerator freezer co•pressor has beco•e aore intense recently. The question has become somewhat •ore coaplex as a result of the advent of alternate refrigerants and alternate lubricants. There is still some question as to what the refrigerant and lubricant of the future will be. The physical properties of these alternate refrigerant~ and lubricants are continually being re-measured and revised. This paper exaaines the question of co•pressor efficiency. It e~aaines efficiency in light of the differing physical properties of three different refrigerants, the presently used Rl2 and two leading candidates of the future, Rl3~a and Rl52a. The paper also presents the results of an objective study, both theoretical and experi•ental, of bearing friction power loss as a function of oil viscosity and as a function of so•e variations in bearing geometry. Althouqh aore subjective than objective the paper briefly exaaines the effect that such things as pressure drop through valves and residual gas re-expansion and suction gas heating nave on efficiency.


The dispute over surface areas of mercenary commercial housing is a expressive pattern for the conflict over contract of mercenary commercial housing. To analyze and discuss it will be helpful for a more scientific and reasonable management to dispute over surface areas of mercenary commercial housing, and for a better guarantee to provide the right-rescue for the party concerned.


Many organizations depend excessively upon internal information for planning and control. These systems look inwards and backwards; the new infrastructure of communications opens the opportunity to have systems which look outwards and forwards to the environment in which the manager's decisions will operate. The change in emphasis to environmental data will introduce the need to consider the use of bought-in external data with the internal database. Since the external data will generally be available to be piped into the system, the downloading could be done with small processors equipped with large back-up storage. This paper describes some of the general issues explored during a three year research program at the Center for Transport Studies in England.


* Overture * The Enslaved and the Persecuted: An Age-old * Resentment * Revolutions: The Role of Resentment * Post-Colonization and Communitarianism * Conclusion


To the EditorWe read with interest "SCAI/CCAS/SPA Expert Consensus Statement for Anesthesia and Sedation Practice: Recommendations for Patients Undergoing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in the Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory" by Odegard et al.1 We agree with the au


The present invention discloses an apparatus for monitoring the state information of the terminal, air plug is connected by a three-phase outer joint arranged in the interior of the three-phase line terminals, a current sensor and a voltage sensor for detecting the current and voltage three-phase line, three-phase line current signal AD 3-way access controller limiting post conditioning circuit a, three-phase line voltage signal passes through another three-way access controller limiting post conditioning circuit B AD; wherein in a three-phase line an outer joint connected to a single phase; according to the present invention will access the three-phase or single-phase outer joint outer joint according to the type of power required by electrical equipment which corresponds only to the external power supply line of the electric equipment of the present terminal in series , so that no additional transfer line current and voltage measurements of the power supply line can be achieved. This terminal can also be monitored environmental parameters, network access to other peripherals interface extension, and provides a variety of types of interfaces, to improve the flexibility of the terminal.


In April of 1983, Puerto Rican author and intellectual Luis Rafael Sanchez gave a performative lecture at Rutgers University that would later be published as the short story "La guagua aerea" in the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, newspaper, El nuevo dia. Since then, the story has been translated into English multiple times; it has been reprinted in various anthologies, including a 1994 eponymously-titled compendium of essays, thus complicating its designation as a short story; and, in 1993, the text was adapted into the feature-length film La guagua aerea, directed by Luis Molina Casanova. The story has even been converted into installation art, as Puerto Rican artist Antonio Martorell was commissioned to make it life-sized in 1991. Martorell, whose "round-trip, frequent flyer" life between Puerto Rico and New York embodies Sanchez's story, created a multi-room piece entitled "La casa de todos nosotros" for an exhibit at El Museo del Barrio in New York (Roulet 18). Moreover, significant literary analysis has been dedicated to "La guagua aerea," and critics have cited its polyvalent genre, linguistic potency, and cultural complexity as a counterpoint to contemporary publications that often sought to pin down the Puerto Rican identity. This study revisits Sanchez's "La guagua aerea" (1983) in order to consider the history of the Puerto Rican diaspora throughout the twentieth century, as well as to ask how Sanchez's short story and Puerto Rico's political status-not quite a U.S. state, not quite an independent nation- can inform an increasingly globalized, postnational world.


The shear responses of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with high-performance ferrocement are experimentally investigated.In the test four RC beams strengthened with ferrocement and one control specimen without strengthening are used.The beam performances are compared and assessed with particular emphasis on cracking behavior,shear capacity,and the modes of failure.The results show that ferrocement can obviously increase the crack-resisting capacity,improve the shear stiffness of beam and load-bearing capacity.Based on the test results,the design formula of shear load-carrying capacity is proposed.The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.The results can be used as reference design for beams strengthened with high-performance ferrocement.


of the tremulous lens, as has been suggested by D'Ombrain. In the case I have just described, as in his, the intra-ocular tension was lower than normal, and in my case the vitreous could be seen through the transparent lens and showed increased fluidity. The fluidity of the vitreous cannot, however, fully explain the tremulous lens for, as we all know, the normal lens shows tremor during extreme accommodation, even with normal vitreous and, conversely, in many cases of very fluid vitreous, there is no tremor. In the present case there must have been some other cause for the marked tremor of lens and iris; possibly, as a sequel to the inflammation of the choroido-retinal tract, the longer posterior fibres of the zonule were affected, thus loosening the lens. Those fibres, after the inflammation had passed, regained their former tension, and brought the lens back to its normal position.


First developed as a concept in the aviation industry, unfavourable authority gradients between clinicians can cause harm to patients (Crosby and Crosskerry, 2004) There was a lack of effective communication between senior leaders and healthcare workers on the ground;senior leaders were dismissive when safety concerns were raised resulting in poor care and avoidable death The "space" is a box plot in which is plotted the leader's (or leadership team's) consultative and independent decision-making propensity: the model incorporates five distinct leadership styles based on the balance between these attributes (Figure 1) The importance of bridging the gap between clinicians and managers has been recognised (Ham, 2003;Swanwick and McKimm, 2011), and there has been a sustained effort to do so, for example through the development of a "triumvirate" leadership structure (e g lead doctor, lead nurse and professional manager) at many levels through healthcare organisations


The mechanical stray loss, efficiency and temperature-rise of the motor would be affected by accuracy control of the frame machining process.


Objective: A case of severe acquired methaemoglobinaemia is reported. The condition is uncommon and the severity of this case is notable. The nature of the condition, its diagnosis and management are reviewed.

Clinical features: A 35 year old woman was brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance in a moribund state with an indication that she may have ingested amyl nitrite.

Interventions and outcome: The patient was treated with methylene blue, responded promptly, was admitted to the intensive care unit and subsequently discharged from hospital well.

Conclusion: Although uncommon, some poisonings are rapidly fatal. It is vital that doctors practising emergency medicine are well acquainted with such poisonings so that patients may be treated in an appropriate and timely fashion.


Social transformations within a cluster of villages in Nepals Kathmandu Valley are documented including increasing wage labor and school participation individual life course transitions and surveys of family time and resources available for subsistence and social needs. The villages are locally known as Sangila inhabited by people known as Tamang the largest Nepali ethnic minority. The history and culture of the Tamang are surveyed. Recently the 150-year old agrarian feudalism has been weakened by changes such as entrance of foreign industry building of schools reform in land tenure road building closing of higher slopes for farming or forestry and appearance of carpet factories. Ethnographic and survey data were collected in 1987. Life table methods were used to analyze entrance of men and women into occupations and schooling; logit regression was used to show contribution of individual household and community characteristics to participation of various degrees of labor from family farm to formal wage labor; multivariate models were used to explore relationships between schooling marriage and child-bearing on participation. Wage labor has dramatically expanded since 1950 earlier in the life course with each successive cohort. Female non-family employment increases through the youngest cohort. Young men are increasingly sent to school at higher rates and for longer periods. Young married women especially those in patrilocal households leave wage employment when they have children.


The North West Centre constitutes an ambitious scheme which is stimulating change in ail the most important activities of a large sector of the city of Frankfurt.
It has been designed on four superimposed levels. To obtain a free flow of traffic, there has been created a series of internal thoroughfares without vehicular traffic, where commercial activity can be carried on along with a full use of space.
Because of the great number of interests both public and private to be considered, and after much study and discussion, utilization formulas were reached which would please everyone as far as possible: the Leasing System for public buildings, contracts between municipality and tenants, flexible rents for official buildings, etc.
In this scheme several interesting features stand out: the underground station equipped with a special anti-acoustic lining; the carpark with a capacity for over 2,000 vehicles, with entrances and exits specially designed to avoid hold-ups; the system of pedestrian levels, and supply levels with internal streets for the delivery of merchandise, special ramps, passing zones, etc.


Issue and modification of "Law of compulsory education" have already gone through 20 years,it incarnated the policy which was from "city deflection" to "equilibrium development".This article is based on the analysis visual angle of sociology and studied three embedded questions which were layer upon layer:The first question is the society behaves of "city deflection".The second question is the social rootstock of "city deflection".The third question is the social revelation of from "city deflection" to "equilibrium development".


The testes of Pseudobagurs fulvidraco (Richardson) can be divided into two parts.The anterior part is spermatogenic part where spermatogenesis proceed.The posterior part of it is the seminal vesicle,which can store sperms and produce large amount of fluid during spawning season.At the end of April,the spermatogenic part of the testes,which is at stage Ⅲ,begin the initiation of spermatogenesis.In May, the spermatogenic part of the testes,which is at stage Ⅳ,starts active spermatogenesis. From June to Novermber, the spermatogenic part is at stage Ⅴ,and spermatogenesis is actively proceeding.From December to the beginning of next April, the spermatogenic part is at stage Ⅵ.the wall of the lobulus is made up of cystes of spermatogonia throughout the whole winter time.


Prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer are the three most common types of genitourinary cancer worldwide. According to the estimated number of new cancer cases among males, these cancers rank within the top ten types, with especially high occurrence in developed countries. In addition, prostate and bladder cancer are ranked in the top ten causes of death according to the number of estimated deaths among males [1]. Prostate cancer is estimated to be the second leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. According to most recent estimates of the American Cancer Society, 62,700, 76,960, and 180,890 new cases of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer, respectively, were observed in the United States in 2016; also that year, the estimated number of respective deaths were 14,240, 16,390, and 26,120 [2]. Considering the high morbidity and mortality of these cancers, their diagnosis and treatment is an important issue for improved clinical practice.


Regarding the significant decrease of Indonesia woodland, the management of wood resources becomes the main issue these days. The lack of professionalism attending this matter give bad publicity to Perum Perhutani who responsible to maintain wood resources. It is believed that Public Relations (PR) practices played a key role to improve the negative image of Perum Perhutani. Using PR planning steps such as defining PR problems, collecting data toward public opinions, finding key informants, and implementing community relation activities, the problems were solved successfully.


PURPOSE: A donepezil resin complex containing donepezil and cation exchange resin is provided to shield unpleasant taste of the donepezil and to easily control drug release. CONSTITUTION: A donepezil resin complex comprises a donepezil or pharmaceutically acceptable salt and cation exchange resin. The cation exchange resin is metacrylic acid divinylbenzen resin. The content of the donepezil is 10-90 weight%. A formulation for oral administration contains the donepezil resin complex. The formulation additionally contains pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or additive.


The transport properties of solid-liquid slurries having the same well-defined particle size distribution but different median particle sizes have been studied in a 22-mm I.D. horizontal pipeline flow loop. The solid-liquid slurries were glass beads-water mixtures. The particle size distribution of solids was Rosin-Rammler with median diameters of 50 mm and 250 mm. The relationship between the pressure drop in the straight horizontal sections of the flow loop and the mean slurry velocity was determined for different solids volume concentrations varying from 4.5 to 25% and mean slurry velocity ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s. Critical deposition velocity was measured from visual observations. An existing empirical model of Wasp et al. that predicts the pressure gradient for a single-species slurry flow in a horizontal pipeline was used to describe the pressure drop data. The Oroskar-Turian correlation for critical velocity was used for comparison with the measured critical velocities.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


In this work, we have employed electronic structure theories to explore the effect of the planarity of the chromophore on the two-photon absorption properties of bi- and ter-phenyl systems. To that end, we have considered 11 bi- and 7 ter-phenyl-based chromophores presenting a donor−π–acceptor architecture. In some cases, the planarity has been enforced by bridging the rings at ortho-positions by −CH2 and/or –BH, –O, –S, and –NH moieties. The results presented herein demonstrate that in bi- and ter-phenyl systems, the planarity achieved via a −CH2 bridge increases the 2PA activity. However, the introduction of a bridge with the –BH moiety perturbs the electronic structure to a large extent, thus diminishing the two-photon transition strength to the lowest electronic excited state. As far as two-photon absorption activity is concerned, this work hints toward avoiding –BH bridge(s) to enforce planarity in bi- and ter-phenyl systems; however, one may use −CH2 bridge(s) to achieve the enhancement of the property in question. All of these conclusions have been supported by in-depth analyses based on generalized few-state models.


Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fracture by reducing bone mass and thereby increasing bone fragility. The addition of strontium (Sr) nanoparticles in bone tissue results in a strengthening of the bone, induction bone formation by osteoblasts, and reduction of bone reabsorption by osteoclasts. The use of Sr for bone tissue regeneration has gained significant research interest in recent years due to its beneficial properties in treating osteoporotic-induced bone loss. We hypothesized that Sr-coated and antibiotic-doped HNTs could be used in antimicrobial coatings and as an antibacterial drug delivery vehicle. Accordingly, we coated HNTs with strontium carbonate (SrHNT) using a simple, novel, and effective electrodeposition method. We tested the antibacterial properties of SrHNT on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis using the disc diffusion method. We assessed the potential cytotoxic and proliferative effects of SrHNTs on pre-osteoblasts using a Live/Dead cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assay. We successfully coated HNTs with strontium using a one-step benign coating method that does not produce any toxic waste, unlike most HNT metal-coating methods. Antibacterial tests showed that the SrHNTs had a pronounced growth inhibition effect, and cell culture studies using MC 3T3 cells concluded that SrHNTs are cytocompatible and enhance cell proliferation.


In this paper, we present a Web-based framework for interactive deictic and sign language virtual agents. Our framework is a DOM-Integrated Virtual Agents architecture, which has been first designed as a Web-based toolkit dedicated to the support of Embodied Conversational Agents. In this work, the toolkit is used both in the context of signed and vocal languages. We discuss the technical issues raised by the implementation of proper interactive Virtual Signers within our full DOM-Integrated approach, and we develop two studies: first, on coarticulation in dynamic sign language utterances generation; and second, on the way deictics are performed in both vocal and signed language.


The reviewer acknowledges the interest of the topic discussed in the manuscript but suggest a long list of topics that require further attention or detailed explanation. In general, we agree that the suggested topics are of interest although most of them may be out of the possibilities of the present paper, both due to the limited extension and the fact that these suggested studies require further experience on the use of Bayesian methods to estimate extremal parameters. Precisely, this paper is the result of a second step using this kind of model (two series, secular trend, using extremal data and Generalised Pareto Distribution). The first step was an analysis of ocean waves


Abstract Objective To investigate the association between frailty and edentulism in community-dwelling older adults and determine the individual, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated. Method A total of 333 older adults aged 65 years or more participated in this study; they responded to the Edmonton Frail Scale instrument (EFS). Data on socioeconomic factors, oral health, and use of and need for dentures were also collected. Those with cognitive difficulties were excluded. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were performed using the stepwise and backward procedure, which tested the relationship of edentulism and covariates with EFS results. Variables with p<0,20 in the unadjusted analyzes were included in the adjusted logistic regression. Results The prevalence of moderate to severe frailty was 12.3%. Edentulism was related to frailty (OR 3,45; IC 95%: 1,45 – 8,25; p=0,01), age (OR 2,19; IC 95%: 1,07 – 4.46; p=0,03), female sex (OR 2,75; IC 95%: 1,23 – 6,15; p=0,01), the need of lower dental prosthesis (OR 3,19; IC 95%: 1,27 – 8,05; p=0,01) and toothache perception (OR 2,74; IC 95%: 1,15 – 6,15; p=0,02). Conclusions Frailty was associated with edentulism, age, female sex, the need for lower dental prosthesis and toothache perception. These oral conditions are highly prevalent among older adults and can be prevented by multiprofessional actions supported by public policies. Oral examinations should be considered in pre-frail and frail patients' assessments as oral health indicators were associated of older adults' frailty.


AATE's `Statements of Belief for the Teaching of English' consisting of six points are presented. A brief explanation at how the statements of belief were arrived at is also given.


Image or imagination, ink and paste are the main themes of poetry, and since the end of the sixth century, which is one of the most fertile periods of Persian literature, the poets of this period freely imposed many poetic fantasies on Persian literature, And for centuries, with various acquisitions, they were influential in the poetry of the poets of the generations after them (Shafiee, 1999, pp. 404 and 405). The use of abstract and difficult philosophical and philosophical concepts in mystical poetic works has been common in various ways and forms in the form of allegorical anecdotes, educational stories and moral sermons. And provides various perspectives for the study and evaluation of such works. Attar Neyshabouri also believes that the world is a picture of the beauty of truth that reflects all the beauties of the beloved in itself, and one can easily see the attributes of beauty in the world and creatures. Since Attar Neyshabouri is both a poet, a Sufi and a sage, his works can be examined from three mystical, philosophical and literary perspectives. Attar Neyshabouri's works, such as his Masnavi, are among the mystical works in which the poet has used legal and philosophical themes and terms in accordance with the subject. He has also benefited greatly from the elements of imagery in order to make his words effective. In this discourse, the method of illustration and the method of using the elements of imagination, such as simile, metaphor, permission, irony, have been evaluated.


It is affirmed in this paper that the textbooks Practical English (Second Edition), which were published by the Higher Education Press, are a set of rare good textbooks with knowledgeability, interestedness and practicability. As a set of the 21st century's college public English textbooks, they keep in step with the times, pay much attention to the applicability and emphasize all-sided development of English learning. Yet they still have some shortcomings, oversights and errors, some of which are pointed out in this paper.


This special issue of Industry and Higher Education is devoted to a selection of papers, reviewed and revised for publication, from the Eighth International Conference on 'New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education' (NHIBE) held in Chania, Crete, Greece in August 2013. This introductory paper provides an overview of the conference, summarizes the most important presentations and offers some reflections on the conference outcomes.


The Government of Uganda has put in place the Plan for the Modernization of Agriculture as part of its poverty reduction program. That program incorporates the improvement of households' access to formal financial services as one of its main components. To examine the program, this study uses primary data to determine the savings and portfolio allocation behavior of households with and without access to formal financial services. Findings reveal no significant difference between both types of households in the marginal propensity to save out of long‐run income. The precautionary demand for liquidity and the desire to avoid risk are important factors shown to influence portfolio allocation decisions by households.


The stability of the beta helix protein pectate lyase to a variety of environmental conditions has been studied. The structure of the protein, as monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy and by differential scanning calorimetry, is found to be stable to pressure treatment at 800MPa for 30min at neutral pH. Denaturation occurs below pH3, acid conditions do not decrease the stability of the protein to pressure. [stability, pressure, temperature, pH, pectate lyase]


Background: Thalassemia is commonest hereditary anemia, Iraq is among countries with highest prevalence of major thalassemia, thalassemia patients have poor growth and delayed maturation mainly due to iron overload but zinc deficiency also has been suggested as a contributing factor. Aim of the study: To determine serum zinc level of patients with thalassemia and their healthy sibling and to determine whether the possible deficiency is influencing by the disease itself or by other factors. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was carried out from February 2016 to august 2016 in Al-Zahraa teaching hospital for maternity and children in AlNajaf province .the study included 80 patients with thalassemia their ages range from 5-15 years. Control group was 50 of apparently healthy children without acute or chronic diseases, their ages range from 5-15 years , control group selected and matched with disease group regarding sex & age. For each patient & control group 3ml of blood was taken at morning , serum zinc measured by spectrophotometer and the data analysis don by SPSS version 22, 2014. Results: mean serum zinc levels were 56.2±16.1,59.5±17.7& 60±14.6 μg/dL in Transfusion dependent, non-dependent and normal control respectively with no statistical differences, also the study show no significant relationship between serum zinc level and different variables such as gender, age, ferritin level &duration of oral chelation therapy (p>0.05) while there is significant relationship between serum zinc level and body mass index(p<0.05). Conclusion: Zinc deficiency prevalent in thalassemia & non thalassemia children in Al-Najaf province, suggesting that serum Zn levels are possibly more influenced by familial and environmental factors rather than by thalassemia per se or its treatment.


High employee turnover has always been a major issue for Information Technology (IT). In particular, turnover of women is very high. In this study, we used the Job Demand/Resources (JD-R) model to examine the relationship between job demands and job resources, stress/burnout and job satisfaction/commitment, and turnover intention and tested the model for gender differences. Data were collected in five IT companies. A sample of 624 respondents (return rate: 56%; 54% males; mean age: 39.7 years) was available for statistical analyses. Results of our study show that relationships between job demands and turnover intention are mediated by emotional exhaustion (burnout) and relationships between job resources and turnover intention are mediated by job satisfaction. We found noticeable gender differences in these relationships, which can explain differences in turnover intention between male and female employees. The results of our study have consequences for organizational retention strategies to keep men and women in the IT work force.


Measuring the quality of scientist/researchers is necessary during university/research appointments and increments to evaluate their professional career. Such evaluation of the individuals scientific output was determined based on the Impact factor of journals in which one publishes his/her research work. With many journals not being indexed for Thompson Reuters, ISI index for impact factor (IF), and with the emergence of open access publications, it becomes imperative that there is a need for a method to assess an individual's research contribution/impact to the scientific world. There are only few such evaluation methods available having some limitations.


Thing and Head are two important concepts concerning the nominal group. Halliday expounded the meaning of these two concepts and classified the relations between them into three types. This paper, however, analyses these two terms according to the experiential and logical structure of nominal groups and reclassifies their relations of the basis on the analysis.


Introduction Diarrhea is a cause the death of infant in Indonesia. Health problems such as diarrhea can be prevented, through one of the mothers the healthy behavior and participate in maintaining environmental sanitation. The number of diarrhea of infants in Mulyorejo health center had an increased in 2012-2013. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors of mother behavior in the prevention of diarrhea in 1-3 years old children by WHO behavioral theory approach in the area of Mulyorejo health center. Methods This study is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional design. The populations in this study are the mothers of 1-3 years old children (toddler) who live in Mulyorejo health center areas. The samples with 37 respondents who calculated using purposive sampling. The analysis with the statistical test of Spearman s rho correlation. Result Result indicated that there is a relationship between the knowledge of mother with the behavioral of diarrhea prevention (p=0.000), relationship between the attitude of mother with the behavioral of diarrhea prevention (p=0.001), relationship between the availability of Clean Water Facility (SAB) which is owned by mothers with the behavior of diarrhea prevention (p =0.001), relationship between the condition of feces banishment facility that is owned by motherwith the behavior of diarrhea prevention (p=0.001). Discussion The conclusion of this study is that the knowledge, the attitudes and the infrastructure that is owned by mother relate and encourage the prevention of diarrhea in 1-3 years old children. From this study, it is advisable to increase and retain the knowledge and the attitude of mothers to increase the behavior of diarrhea prevention that is conducted by mother through Posyandu and to form the cadre of environment in order to improve the knowledge and the understanding of environmental sanitation, both of Clean Water Facility (SAB) and the facility of feces banishment.


Abstract Nigerian Universities seem to be so conscious of the tremendous roles they claim to perform that little attempt is made to find out what they have actually achieved. This study was designed to investigate the role of Nigerian Universities in performance of their institutional objectives which are spelt out in the National Policy on Education. The results of the study reveal that the performances in three of the objectives fall short of expectations. These are the objectives of teaching, research and dissemination of information. Storage of knowledge, the fourth objective considered in the study has been realised. But it is questionable whether the knowledge stored by Nigerian Universities is relevant to the development of the country. That seems to be a possible area for further research.


Medical imaging plays a major role in contemporary health care, both as a tool in primary diagnosis and as a guide for surg ical and therapeutic procedures. Compression of radiological images is an effective mechanism for storage and transmission. The use of such images for teleradiol ogy is of increasing importance, with one of the main reasons being the ability to c all upon remotely located diagnostic experts. Whilst many researchers have ad dressed the problem of how the degradation of image quality with compression ratio affects observer-based diagnostic accuracy. In this work, we propose a qua ntitative analysis of quality for lossy compressed magnetic resonance (MR) images, an d their influence in automatic tissue classification. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio ( PSNR), as quality measurement, is not enough if we have medical images. So we need to find out new quality measurements not based in perception to make a quan titative analysis for medical image compression. This paper proposed a scheme whi ch combines the Artificial Neural Network and technique of Structure Similarit y Index Measurement (SSIM) to improve the issues. We feel that the proposed frame work is in the right direction towards the achievement of this goal.


Views: Commentary 1051 T veterinary medical profession has a long history of attempting to ensure that sufficient numbers of veterinarians with sufficient amounts of training are provided to meet the needs of society. A statement prepared by the Joint Committee on Veterinary Education of the AVMA, the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, and the Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges back in 1964 noted,


We consider some methods of semiparametric regression estimation in multivariate models when the common distribution function is represented using a copula and the marginals satisfy a generalized regression model using a transfer functional. Sufficient conditions for consistency and joint asymptotic normality of the finite-dimensional parameters are obtained.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by continuous and varied increases in blood sugar (glucose) levels due to a disturbance in the pancreas that cannot produce enough insulin. Increased glucose levels can damage the physiology of the kidneys if they exceed the threshold of kidney. DM patients who are more than 5 years old are recommended for initial screening, one of them is an urea examination. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study design carried out at the Internal Medicine Police Hospital Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu with 38 people with DM. Sampling using accidental sampling technique. Ureum level examination was carried out using the AU 680 Beckman Coulter Chemistry Analyzer. Results: abnormal urea levels based on the duration of DM <5 years as many as 36% and> 5 years 87%. abnormal urea levels based on regular drug consumption ie (62%) while those taking irregular drugs resulting in abnormal urea levels (50)%). abnormal urea levels based on the duration of suffering> 5 years and taking medication regularly amounted to 87% and normal urea levels amounted to 13%. Evaluation of the level of urea in patients with diabetes that exceeds the normal limit is caused by the duration of suffering from diabetes and taking medication regularly.


Gender difference in the risk and prognosis of ischemic stroke has been reported. We examined the effects of immediate antihypertensive treatment on clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke by gender in the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). CATIS was a randomized, single-blind, and blinded end-point trial conducted in 4,071 acute ischemic stroke patients (2,604 men and 1,467 women). Eligible stroke patients with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) were randomly assigned to receive antihypertensive treatment (lowering SBP by 10-25% within the first 24 hours after randomization and BP P = 0.79) and 37.3% and 36.1% in women ( P = 0.65) at day 14; and were 23.6% and 24.5% in men ( P = 0.60) and 28.0% and 26.6% in women ( P = 0.56) at 3-month follow-up. The secondary outcomes were not different between treatment and control groups among men and women at 14 days or hospital discharge and at 3 months. The median modified Rankin scores (interquartile range) for the comparison groups were 2.0 (1.0-3.0) and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) in both men and women at day 14 or hospital discharge. The modified Rankin score, recurrent stroke, vascular event, and all-cause mortality at 3-month follow-up were similar between the treatment and control groups for both men and women. For example, the vascular event rates for the comparison groups were 2.4% and 3.0% in men ( P = 0.34) and 2.4% and 2.9% in women ( P = 0.58). There were no significant treatment and sex interactions for any of the primary and secondary outcomes. In conclusion, these data suggest that immediate antihypertensive treatment within the first 48 hours after stroke onset has no gender-specific effect on short-term outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of findings derived from a new iso-inertial dynamometer during bench press (BP) and squat (SQ) and to provide descriptive data for recreational athletes. A position transducer and accelerometer were combined to assess velocity and power during free weight lifting exercises. Simulated movement with a pulley system revealed the excellent technical consistency of the dynamometer. Sixteen male subjects participated in the study. Iso-inertial tests consisted of lifting as fast as possible four different relative loads (35, 50, 70, 90% 1RM in BP and 45, 60, 75, 90% 1RM in SQ). The test was repeated one week later. Analysis of variance revealed no significant variation between sessions or trials. Reproducibility was better in velocity than in power, although it remained fairly good in both exercises (coefficients of variation (CV) never exceeding 10%) except for the time to peak power parameter. Descriptive data confirmed the classical force-velocity and force-power relationships for BP and SQ. In conclusion, this study demonstrated reliable measurements in BP and SQ iso-inertial exercises. Monitoring force-velocity and force-power relationships offers an original functional approach in strength training supervision.


ABSTRACT Cryptomarkets represent a new innovation for illegal goods trafficking, where drugs are predominantly found. After an overview of the features these sites offer, to understand the virtual world in which users operate, a critical analysis of existing criminological studies suggests a forensic support to better understand how to relate this world essentially described by its virtual data, to reality. A descriptive analysis of Canadian market data is performed to depict an overall picture of drug sales and to explore a strategy targeting the most active sellers. Finally, the use of drug profiling as a way to obtain objective empirical data is discussed, as a means of offsetting uncertainty about virtual data. This article is part of a process of connection-making between criminal sciences, criminology, and forensic science, not limited to the criminalization of prohibited practices, but also to the understanding of phenomena and criminal networks for the purpose of developing efficient strategies for monitoring and neutralizing such threats.


With the improvement of the quality of construction materials and the development of construction technologies, large-scale long-span steel frame buildings have been built recently. The P.E.B system using tapered members is being employed as an economically-efficient long-span structure owing to its advantage of being able to distribute stress appropriately depending on the size of sectional areas of members. However, in December 2005 and in February 2014, P.E.B buildings collapsed due to sudden loads such as snow loads and wind gusts. In this study, the design and construction of the P.E.B system in Korea were analyzed and its structural safety was evaluated using the finite element analysis program to suggest how to improve the P.E.B system in order to promote the efficient and rational application of the system.


A major goal of this project is to understand the surface tension and other thermophysical properties of liquid metals and alloys from a fundamental viewpoint. The approach is to calculate these quantities by a first principles technique which combines the statistical-mechanical theory of the liquid state with an electronic pseudopotential theory of electrons in metals. The inhomogeneity of the surface is treated using an ionic-density-functional formalism developed with the support of NASA. Of particular interest are the variation of surface tension with temperature and impurity concentration: such variations strongly influence the types of convection which make take place in a low-gravity environment. Some progress has already been achieved in computing the reduction of surface tension due to the presence of low-surface-tension impurities, and the corresponding surface segregation of such impurities. In the coming year, it is planned to concentrate on the surface properties of materials of particular interest to the MSA program: Si, Ga and GaSn alloys. An additional goal is to gain some theoretical understanding of the high temperature thermophysical properties of liquid metals, particularly high melting point materials which have not been studied extensively from a theoretical viewpoint.


Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are expected to serve as support to the development of not only safety applications but also information-rich applications that disseminate relevant data to vehicles. Due to the continuous collection, processing, and dissemination of data, one crucial requirement is the efficient use of the available bandwidth. Firstly, the rate of message transmissions must be properly controlled in order to limit the amount of data inserted into the network. Secondly, messages must be carefully selected to maximize the utility (benefit) gain of vehicles in the neighborhood. We argue that such selection must aim at a fair distribution of data utility, given the possible conflicting data interests among vehicles. In this work, we propose a data dissemination protocol for VANETs that distributes data utility fairly over vehicles while adaptively controlling the network load. The protocol relies only on local knowledge to achieve fairness with concepts of Nash Bargaining from game theory. Simulation results show that our algorithm presents a higher fairness index and yet it maintains a high level of bandwidth utilization efficiency compared to other approaches. In addition, the rate of transmissions is adaptively controlled as new information about the environment is collected.


In the present work, feasibility of achieving enhanced electron field-emission properties of stress-induced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and multilayer graphene (MLGs) by ion modification is studied. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is used as a potent technique for in-depth investigations of stress-induced CNTs and MLGs. It is found that iron used as a catalyst, compresses at particular fluence and induces stresses in CNTs and MLGs to modify these structures, supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies. The stresses are explained by the buckling wavelength (λ ∝ e((r/t)0.5)). Furthermore, the stresses induced in exotic nanostructures are studied for investigating wetting properties, which are well-corroborated with electron emission characteristics. It is found out that less-wetted CNTs and MLGs display enhanced emission properties with turn-on voltages (Eon) of 1.5 and 2.1 V/μm, respectively, in comparison to hydrophilic CNTs and MLGs with Eon of 2.6 and 4 V/μm, respectively.


1. Six different brands of arsphenamine, including a German preparation, have shown approximately the same trypanocidal activity.

2. Slightly greater variations in activity were observed with six different samples of neoarsphenamine, the maximum difference being 80 per cent.

3. There appears to exist no relation between toxicity and trypanocidal action of arsphenamine and neoarsphenamine.

4. It is suggested that the alleged greater effectiveness of arsphenamine over neoarsphenamine in the treatment of human syphilis may be attributed to the fact that arsphenamine is precipitated at the hydroxyl ion concentration of the blood, in consequence of which the rate of its oxidation and elimination from the body is considerably diminished.

5. The study of the trypanocidal action of some aliphatic arsenicals has confirmed the fundamental principle formulated from the previous study of the aromatic arsenicals, viz., that the trivalent oxides are the only forms of arsenic which exert a direct toxic action upon protoplasm.

6. Cacodylic acid does not possess any trypanocidal action even in lethal doses. Methyl and ethyl arsenic acid show a parasitocidal action only when used in doses approaching the lethal dose.


Purpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the ocular region.

Methods All lymphoid lesions were retrieved searching the Danish Ocular Lymphoma Database 1980-2007. Specimens were collected from Danish pathology departments and re-evaluated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. For all patients with confirmed MCL the complete clinical files were collected and reviewed.

Results Twenty-one patients with MCL were identified comprising nine percent (21/230) of all lymphomas in the ocular region. There were 18 male and three female patients with an age range from 60 to 90 years (median 75 years). Ocular region MCL as first presenting symptom included 67% of the patients. Of these, 71% had bilateral involvement and all had lymphoma in more than one site within the ocular region. The orbit (71%) and eyelids (64%) were the most commonly affected sites. At the time of diagnosis 93% of the patients were in Ann Arbor stage III/IV, with bone marrow involvement (79%) and B-symptoms (50%). Median overall survival (OS) was 30 months and the five-year OS rate was 21%. Patients receiving anti-CD20 (Rituximab)-containing chemotherapy had a significant better 5-year OS rate (80 %) (p < 0,027) than patients in treatment regimes without Rituximab (5-year OS rate, 29%).

Conclusion MCL presenting in the ocular region has a male predominance and affects elderly patients. The orbit and eyelids were frequently involved. Patients with ocular region MCL as first presenting symptom had a high proportion of bilateral affection. Patients had advanced stage disease at diagnosis, multiple relapses and a low 5-year OS rate similar to systemic MCL. Treatment with Rituximab-containing chemotherapy improved survival significantly.


Background: Breast milk contains all the nutrients a baby needs in the first six months after birth. Provision of MP-ASI before children aged six months is not recommended, because it can increase the likelihood of contamination and increase the risk of disease, especially diarrhea. Many factors are related to early breastfeeding. These factors include knowledge. Based on data obtained from the Baiturrahman Health Center in 2018, the total coverage of k4 was 871 with 909 infants and those who received exclusive breastfeeding were 191 (42.54%) and the rest were given complementary feeding. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of flipcharts and leaflets on the knowledge of pregnant women about complementary feeding in the work area of the Baiturrahman Health Center in Banda Aceh City in 2019. Methods: : this study uses a quasy-experimental design, the research design used is the pre and post test two gruop design. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the Baiturrahman Community Health Center in Banda Aceh City, with a purposive sampling technique of 15 people. Analysis of the data in this study used the T-Paired test. Results: The results showed that the effect of flipcharts was more effective on increasing maternal knowledge about complementary foods after counseling (p = 0.002), compared to the effect of using leaflets (p = 0.016) on increasing maternal knowledge about complementary foods after counseling Conclusions and Recommendations: It is hoped that this research can be a reference for researchers in conducting this research and can provide information about complementary feeding, so as to reduce the number of early supplementary feeding and increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.


Core-collapse supernovae are vital as the birthplace of compact objects, where one expects various phases of the dense matter. The current status of supernova studies with the nuclear data for dense matter and neutrino reactions is overviewed with a focus on recent progress of the neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics in two- an three-dimensions and remaining mysteries. In addition to its importance for the explosion mechanism, the equation of state is also essential to predict the neutrino bursts, which can be used to probe deep inside the compact objects. It is valuable to discuss variations of the extreme conditions for hyperons and quarks in central objects during explosive phenomena by looking into the pattern of neutrino signals in relation with dynamics and dense matter.


The Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Turkey have established diplomatic relations since 1950, and have agreed to cooperate in the tourism sector. In the practice of international relations themselves, it gives birth to the interests of both actors. In this study, the author uses concept theory, namely Cultural Diplomacy, this concept is used to find out the forms of soft diplomacy conducted by the Indonesian Government through Rumah Budaya Indonesia such as holding promotions, exhibitions to competitions to prove the quality of Indonesia to Turkey and internationally. The type of method used by the writer in this thesis is a qualitative method. Qualitative methods are a method that emphasizes aspects of deeper understanding of a problem rather than seeing a problem. Based on the research written by the author in this study, it can be concluded that the Indonesian Government is serious about improving the national tourism sector through cooperation with the Republic of Turkey with the Indonesian Culture House in Turkey. Because the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia experienced an increase which was also accompanied by the amount of foreign exchange received by Indonesia through the tourism sector.


An alternating current three-phase step-down power supply design is a system development process that creates an existing three-phase system whereby the primary side of the Y relationship and the secondary side of the Y relationship. The problems in the design of three-phase step-down power supply circuit are the existence of harmonics, losses and unbalance voltage. The power supply test is carried out using no-load and linear load resistance with the value of resistances in range of hundreds ohm. The circuit is tested for resistance number one, resistance number two, resistance number three and resistance number four transformers to obtain a power supply design that meet American National Standards Institute or Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering standards. The test results of four transformers in the form of three-phase step-down found that resistance number one and resistance number two type transformers have the lowest copper loss percentage, core loss, voltage THD and low unbalance voltage, so that these power supply can be made according to ANSI/IEEE provisions.


Objective To investigate the relevance between carotid atherosclerosis,serum pregnancy-associated protein A(PAPP-A) and the incidence of unstable angina(UAP),stable angina pectoris(SAP),Non-coronary heart disease(NCHD),to further discuss joint significance of carotid atherosclerosis and PAPP-A concentration in the forecast of UAP.Methods Patients admitted to hospital because of chest pain,coronary angiography were completed within 1 w,which with acute and subacute myocardial infarction had been excluded,then,40 case of UAP,40 cases of SAP,40 cases of NCHD were taken.Gensini score,intima-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery,plaque formation of carotid artery were determined by color doppler ultrasound,serum levels of PAPP-A was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results In addition to smoking history,baseline informations of the groups were matched each other;coronary Gensini score,indicators of carotid atherosclerosis of UAP and SAP groups were higher than those of NHCD group(P0.001);serum concentration of PAPP-A of UAP was higher than that of SAP and NHCD groups(P0.001);PAPP-A in patients with UAP was significantly higher,and its concentration was correlated with indicators of carotid atherosclerosis,coronary artery Gensini score.The sensitivity and specificity of Crouse score predicting angina-type CHD were 0.79,0.92 respectively;the sensitivity and specificity of average of Carotid IMT predicting angina-type CHD were 0.97,0.85 respectively;the sensitivity and specificity of PAPP-A predicting UAP were 0.825,0.937 respectively.Conclusions Indicators of carotid atherosclerosis and coronary artery Gensini score have good correlation,and PAPP-A as a predictable indicator of UAP;the two indicators may be important clinical basis to predict UAP.


In late 1971, Michael Wolff, discussing the need for a "directory of Victorian periodicals," charted the golden stream of periodicals and argued for the ways periodical literature could be useful for social and cultural studies of the period.1 At roughly the same period, ambitious archival projects, most notably the Wellesley Index and the Waterloo, sought, in their different ways, to reveal the breadth and depth of periodicals across the century. These two projects helped to define the parameters of research for a generation of students and scholars who began to analyze in closer detail the 45 titles in Wellesley, with studies of editors, contributors, individual titles, and single contributions, and to delve further into the multitude of material uncovered by the Waterloo team. One of the difficulties in studying periodicals has always been the problem of access, even in accessing the relatively limited range of titles covered in Wellesley, compared to the vast field


A relevant operating condition for a conventional submarine is the ship advance at snorkel submergence, when the air intake enables the diesel engine to propel the generator for batteries recharging. In this condition, the ship resistance components are the frictional resistance, the pressure viscous resistance, and the wave resistance. The objective of the present paper is the estimation of the wave resistance component at the snorkel submergence. The differential problem is formulated under the potential flow hypothesis. The free surface condition is linearized in respect to the oncoming uniform flow, and enforced on a finite region of the horizontal non disturbed free surface plane above the hull. The body boundary condition is enforced on the surface of the hull. A radiation condition is imposed regarding the generated waves not propagating upstream. An integral formulation of the problem is built through a Boundary Elements Method (BEM) using Rankine singularities over the hull and the free surfaces. The corresponding linear system on the coefficients of a B-Spline representation of the singularities intensities is solved; the resultant velocity potential and surface elevation are calculated. The wave resistance is obtained through an aft wave profile transverse cut method, where an energy spectral analysis leads to the estimation of the power consumed to the generation of the waves. The boundary elements on the hull are generated based on a mathematical representation of the hull surface. A range of submergences and of velocities around the snorkel operation condition is considered.


mCBEEs is an acronym for: Advanced integrative solutions to Corrosion problems beyond micro-scale: towards long-term durability of miniaturised Biomedical, Electronic and Energy systems. It is a doctoral student training network funded by the European Commission under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action scheme in the same way as the recently reported training network SELECTA that is focusing on smart electrodeposited alloys for environmentally sustainable applications.1


Significance Essential genes (EGs) are necessary for survival and the development of an organism. Our study is focused on investigating the role of EGs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With a comprehensive catalog of 3,915 mammalian EGs, we show that there is both an elevated burden of damaging mutations in EGs in ASD probands and also, an enrichment of EGs in known ASD risk genes. Moreover, the analysis of EGs in the developing brain identified clusters of coexpressed EGs implicated in ASD. Overall, we provide evidence that genes that are essential for survival and fitness also contribute to ASD risk and lead to the disruption of normal social behavior. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. It is estimated that hundreds of genes contribute to ASD. We asked if genes with a strong effect on survival and fitness contribute to ASD risk. Human orthologs of genes with an essential role in pre- and postnatal development in the mouse [essential genes (EGs)] are enriched for disease genes and under strong purifying selection relative to human orthologs of mouse genes with a known nonlethal phenotype [nonessential genes (NEGs)]. This intolerance to deleterious mutations, commonly observed haploinsufficiency, and the importance of EGs in development suggest a possible cumulative effect of deleterious variants in EGs on complex neurodevelopmental disorders. With a comprehensive catalog of 3,915 mammalian EGs, we provide compelling evidence for a stronger contribution of EGs to ASD risk compared with NEGs. By examining the exonic de novo and inherited variants from 1,781 ASD quartet families, we show a significantly higher burden of damaging mutations in EGs in ASD probands compared with their non-ASD siblings. The analysis of EGs in the developing brain identified clusters of coexpressed EGs implicated in ASD. Finally, we suggest a high-priority list of 29 EGs with potential ASD risk as targets for future functional and behavioral studies. Overall, we show that large-scale studies of gene function in model organisms provide a powerful approach for prioritization of genes and pathogenic variants identified by sequencing studies of human disease.


Free shuttle bus service has been provided by Tunku Abdul Rahman University College to
all student and staff. However, several problems such as bus schedule is not easily
accessible, and departure and arrival time is unpredictable at the stops outside of TAR UC
campus. The proposed system's objective is to solve these problems by implementing a
device in TAR UC buses to tracking them in real time using GPS and sending the position
to users. A backend system is developed to assist DSA staff to manage routes, stops,
drivers, schedules, announcements, promotions, and generating reports. This system can
make a big role in improving the current bus service by optimizing the routes and schedules
for the greatest experience.


A field survey was conducted to quantify indoor exposure levels and emission rates of airborne microorganisms generated from domestic poultry buildings. There were three types of poultry buildings (caged layer house, broiler house, and layer house with manure belt), classified by the mode of manure treatment and ventilation, investigated in this study. Nine sites for each poultry building were selected and visited for measuring the exposure level and emission rate of airborne microorganisms. The total number of airborne bacteria and fungi among the airborne microorganisms were analysed based on the incubation method. Their emission rates were estimated by dividing the emission amount, which was calculated through multiplying indoor concentration (cfu/m3) by ventilation rate (m3/h), into the indoor area (m2) and the number of poultries reared in the poultry building. The mean exposure levels of the total airborne bacteria and fungi in the poultry building were 7.92 (SD: 2.66) log (cfu m−3) and 4.92 (SD: 1.79) log (cfu m−3), respectively. Emission rates of airborne microorganisms in poultry buildings were estimated to be 0.263 (±0.088) log (cfu hen−1h−1) and 0.839 (±0.371) log (cfu m−2h−1) for total airborne bacteria, and 0.066 (±0.031) log (cfu hen−1h−1) and 0.617 (±0.235) log (cfu m−2h−1) for total airborne fungi. The distribution patterns of the total airborne bacteria and fungi were similar regardless of poultry building type. Among poultry buildings, the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of total airborne bacteria and fungi, followed by the layer house with manure belt and the caged layer house (p < 0.05). The finding that the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of airborne microorganisms could be attributed to sawdust, which can be dispersed into the air by the movement of the poultry when it is utilized as bedding material. Thus, a work environmental management solution for optimally reducing airborne microorganism exposure is necessary for the broiler house.


It is shown that the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations share many features with the well- known advection-diffusion equation. For this latter equation a large number of stabilization procedures have been developed. The possibilities of applying these to the PNP equations are explored. In particular the classical SUPG method is treated in some detail and a complete stabilized finite element formulation including a suitable iterative procedure is given for the PNP equations


This study investigates the cost-effective binder material of silica fume blended slag mix using industry grade soda ash and hydrated lime as solid activators. The study followed a"just add water"methodology, observing paste rheology and strength development. Microstructural analysis and TGA-DTA studies were conducted to validate the results. A side-by-side comparison was conducted with other mixing procedures. The study found that using pre-mixed analytical grade Na2CO3 in water can cost up to 60% more than using a mixture activated by NaOH pellets. Using industrial-grade chemicals could save 94.5 percent of the budget. For a 10% SF addition and a 10% targeted NaOH content at a w/s ratio of 0.45, the mixes showed the highest strength development and commendable rheology. The mix demonstrated 35.1 MPa after 28 days and 41.33 MPa after 120 days, making it suitable for use as a structural material. The presence of magnesian calcite, magnesite, and hydrotalcite was detected in the XRD analyses. SEM images showed a denser microstructure developed at 28 days. The TG-DT analysis provided insights into phase transitions and bound water associated with hydration products. The higher strength was attributed to calcite transitioning into magnesian calcite and portlandite supplanting CNASH and CSH.


Three different methodological approaches were employed to obtain generally valid conclusion: performance or evaluation of traffic measurements to determine macroscopic traffic parameters; performance of measurements for detailed analysis of overtaking maneuvers in response to slow cars; application of the microscopic simulation model SIMLA2 which was further developed here. The measurement results show that the differences between the cross-section types had less effect on speed/traffic density relationships than on overtaking activities. The influence of slow vehicles on traffic parameters is fairly slight in view of their normally low numbers. Measurements of overtaking maneuvers provide all the key variables for evaluation purposes. With regard to safety aspects it was particularly noticeable that in over 15% of cases drivers let no safety reserve in relation to oncoming traffic after overtaking. The simulation calculations provide models of traffic flow especially for boundary conditions noe covered by empirical tests. The study provides quantitative evidence of how pressure to overtake caused by slow vehicles can be reduced by means of specific cross-sectional forms. In general, it is concluded that variables concerning overtaking should be included in evaluations of rural highway cross-sections.


The main goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Sr- and/or Mg-containing hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics in simulated body fluid (SBF). Sr-and/or Mg-containing HAp powders were synthesized by modified wet chemical precipitation method. Sr-and/or Mg-containing HAp bioceramics were prepared by uniaxial pressing of the precipitated powders and subsequent sintering at 1100 °C for 1 h. The synthesis products were characterized in terms of chemical, phase and molecular composition. Influence of the substitutions on thermal stability, morphology and microstructure of the HAp products were evaluated. Results suggest that incorporation of Sr (up to 1.45 wt.%) in HAp structure induced an increasing of particle sizes, but incorporation of Mg (up to 1.05 wt.%) led to a reduction of particle sizes of the HAp powders. The ability to simultaneously release bioactive ions and the apatite-formation ability of the Sr-and/or Mg-containing HAp bioceramics were evaluated through immersing the samples in SBF for different time periods. Ca ions release and apatite-formation ability on the surfaces of the Sr-and/or Mg-containing HAp bioceramics in SBF depends on Sr and/or Mg concentration in the samples.


Binary tellurides such as PbTe or Bi2Te3 represent one of the fundamental classes of thermoelectrics. Thus, the development of new routes for the preparation of these compounds as nanoscale powders is an important challenge. In this context, we investigated the use of activated metals and soluble tellurium sources such as diphenyltelluride or the tellurolates of hard transition metal cations as versatile tool box system for the synthesis of these powders. Using solvochemically activated lead, bismuth or antimony, their respective tellurides PbTe, Bi2Te3 and Sb2 Te3 could be obtained in a reaction with Ph2Te2 following the same experimental protocol in all cases. The preparation of an Ag2Te nanopowder required a different synthetic approach as elemental silver does not react with Ph 2Te2. Following the principle of hard and soft acids and bases, silver acetate and zinc tellurolate Zn(TePh)2middotTMEDA [Jun, Y, 2001] were reacted to form nanoparticles of Ag2Te from intermediately formed silver tellurolate


Whether or not to list certain types of trees on a council heritage register may become a challenging question when undertaking a survey of cultural landscape items for the heritage study of a shire.


This article studies a guaranteed cot control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear neutral systems. Attention is focused on the design of memory state feedback controllers such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and an adequate level of performance is also guaranteed. Using the Lyapunov method and LMI (linear matrix inequality) technique, two criteria for the existence of the controller are derived in terms of LMIs. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed method. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Quantum estimation of a phase shift is formulated within quantum mechanics and information theory. Using Bayes{close_quote} estimation, the phase can be attributed even to a single interfering particle. The method is demonstrated for neutron interferometry operating near the quantum limit. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The research progress of the synthesis of flexible silica aerogels was summarized in this paper.The commonly used method of preparation is introduced.The relationship between structure and properties of the corresponding samples is also discussed.There are two means of the synthesis of flexible silica aerogels.One is chemical derivatization method,which was used to prepare native flexible aerogels.The other is cross-linked method,which was used to produce polymer crossed-linked aerogels.Supercritical fluid drying is the frequently used drying method.


Based on the logic that management maximizes their own interests,this paper focuses on the relationship between CEO tenure and firm capital investment and empirically examines the influence of CEO actual tenure and expected tenure on investment level and investment efficiency for the Chinese listed companies.The results indicate that,both for state - owned - enterprises(SOEs) and non - state - owned - enterprises (NSOEs),the longer the CEO actual tenure,the larger the amount of firm investment and the shorter the CEO expected tenure,the smaller the amount of firm investment.As for investment efficiency,SOEs exhibit that the longer the CEO actual tenure,the more severe the firm overinvestment,and the shorter the CEOs expected tenure, the less severe the firms overinvestment,but for NSOEs,neither CEO actual tenure nor expected tenure is related to overinvestment.


1. Understanding the mechanisms driving exotic plant invasions is important for designing successful invader control strategies. Previous studies have highlighted different invasion mechanisms, including alteration of nutrient cycles through plant–soil feedback and evolutionary change toward more competitive genotypes.


Optical monitor panel consisting of translucent screen with test or meter information projected onto it from rear for application in control rooms of missile launching and tracking stations


ColCiencias proposed recently a revision of the impact the Colombian scientific community has had, and the acknowledgement it has received from the hegemonic centers from around the world. Collected data show that only 0.2% is the contribution percentage from Colombia to worldwide production (Elsiever, 2014). This may be due to the fact that 86.4% of scientific papers is published by Colombian journals. Out of them, only 13.8% journals are indexed by WoS or Scopus, while 45% journals are indexed by Publindex. Based on this, we offer a critical view from the Rhela editorial board (UPTC, Tunja). Epistemological, geopolitical, and ideological implications found in scientific knowledge are offered, and Latin American considerations are given.


Mathematical software is a subject newly set for the major of mathematics in university. The author points out several problems in the teaching of this subject: the importance of the subject of mathematical software is not realized by the universities and students; there is no appropriate teaching material for this subject; the subject has no close connection with other subjects, etc. Besides, reform methods are put forward to solve these problems in this paper.


Phytoplankton succession in relation to some physico- chemical characters of some water bodies at Jeddah Coast (Saudi Arabia) was studied for one year (2004). The sampling program included four different areas, North Obhour, Technology area, Down Town area and South Jeddah Area. Water samples were analyzed for some physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, pH, S‰, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Calcium (Ca +2 ) & Magnesium (Mg +2 ), Nitrite (NO2), Nitrate (NO3), Ammonia (NH3), Reactive Orthophosphate (PO4) and Reactive Silicate (SiO3) as well as phycological parameters (Phytoplankton communities and Chlorophyll a). The Jeddah Coast was found to be oligotrophic ecosystem in some areas, while some of these areas were mesotrophic with high phytoplankton density such as the Down Town and South Jeddah areas. The results showed that, the high phytoplankton density attaining the maximum of 2623.2 X 10 3 /m 3 at Down Town area during spring and the minimum of 118.7 X 10 3 /m 3 at Technology area during winter.


In order to make the telecommunication satellite operate well in the electromagnetic jamming and complex electromagnetic environment,a novel space-borne antenna multi-jamming direction finding and nulling method is presented.Firstly,a single-snapshot DOA estimation algorithm in frequency domain is gived to estimate the DOA of multiple targets,and then a nulling algorithm that keeps the shape of the main-lobe is implemented according to the above-estimated DOA compared with the conventional sidelobe cancelling algorithm.The algorithm solves the problems of both nulling depth and main-lobe shape keeping effect.Simulation results and performance analysis demonstrate that the algorithm is effective and feasible.


Self-esteem is a disposition that a person has which represents their judgments of their own worthiness For children, in particular, the environment in which they are raised and the relationship they are having with their parents makes a lot of difference in their own personal worth as being children through the eyes of the parents, they know what they really are which in turn helps them to adapt better to society. The present study's aim was to study parent child relationship among adoloscents self-esteem. Parental acceptance and rejection is the warmth dimension of parenting if the child's self- esteem is boosted up and if it is lacking in some aspect then what could be the consequences. The sample of the study was 30 adoloscents , the tools used were self-esteem scale by Rosenberg and parent-child relationship scale by Dr.Nalini Rao it was hypothesized that there will be positive relationship between parent child relationship and child's self- esteem with the help of correlational design and as well as t-testing, wherein the result came out to be similar to the hypothesis and significant difference was seen between father and mother's relationship with child and positive relationship between parent child relationship and child's self- esteem.


Two-dimensional CsPb2Br5 exhibits intriguing functions in enhancing performance of opto-electronic devices in terms of environmental stability and luminescence properties when composited with other perovskites in different dimensionality. We built a type-I 3D CsPbBr3/2D CsPb2Br5 heterojunction through phase transition where CsPbBr3 QDs in-situ grew into 2D CsPb2Br5. A thorough growth mechanism study in combination with the excited-state dynamic investigations via femtosecond spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, unraveled that the type-I hierarchy enhanced the stability of the heterojunction and spurred its luminous quantum yield through prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated carriers. Mixing the heterojunction with other phosphors encapsulated white LEDs showing a color rendering index of up to 94%. The work thus not only offered one new avenue to build heterojunction by using the "soft crystal" nature of perovskites, but also disentangled the enhanced luminescence mechanism of the heterojunction that can be harnessed for promising applications toward luminescence and display field.


Bangladesh is a land of rivers, canals, and lakes where water transportation is an essential means of transport. The country use boats as one of the leading resources of a carrier in its widespread inland waterways. Most of the currently used boats use only diesel for fuel. Appropriate use of renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy with diesel generators, could reduce diesel consumption. In this paper, a typical boat energy requirement was calculated to be 42.10 kWh/day. A boat could be driven by a DC motor using electrical power generated using an onboard PV system, battery, and a small generator. The carrying capacity of the vessel is 20passenger for 8hours a day. The designed system consists of a 10.6 kW PV, 1.6kW rated small gas generator, onboard battery storage consists of 16 batteries, each placed 6V, 333 Ah, and a 48 V DC motor rated 5 kW 3000 rpm with a speed controller. The paper includes system design details and sizing using HOMER Pro and dynamic simulation using MATLAB Simulink.


Abstract This article outlines the issues and challenges of libraries working with patron-driven acquisition (PDA) or demand-driven acquisitions. Several suggestions are made to improve PDA for librarians and users.


A simple and low cost broadband microstrip-to-CPS transition using 180 degree phase offset ellipse transmission line has been investigated. From the theory analysis and numerical simulations, the two back-to-back microstrip-to-CPS transitions has better than 10 dB return loss bandwidth and less than 3 dB insertion loss bandwidth of 4.2 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The same to former studies, this uniplanar transmission lines transition should have many applications for feeding printed dipole/quasi-yagi antennas, UWB system, phased arrays, and integration with MIC or MMIC devices.


A double-row burglarproof lock mainly comprises a lock core, a lock shell, an up and down burglarproof marble, a control pin, an up and down working marble, an engineering marble and a key. Two parallel rows of holes with different diameter are machined in the lock shell and the lock core. The up and down burglar marbles are installed in one row of holes, and a multiple control slots are machined around the burglarproof marbles. The up and down working marbles are installed in the other row of holes. Control pinholes are machined vertically to axial direction of the marble hole and along the longitudinal direction of the lock core, and the control pins are installed in the pinholes. The front-end of the control pin can engage with the control slot of the down burglarproof marble, and the tail end of the control pin can be jammed in the pushing-out slot of the lock shell. When the lock core turns, the pushing-out slot in the inner wall of the lock shell will push the control pin out and make the front end of the control pin jammed in the control slot of the down burglarproof marble.


Thirty patients have been operated upon for acute and chronic myocardial infarcts. Seven patients had additional postinfarctional VSD. The mean age was 56.7 years. The hospital mortality was 23%, 38% in the acute group, 12% in the chronic. Seventy-one percent of the patients were improved at follow-up, observation time being from 2 months to 7 years, mean 15 months. Five patients with postinfarctional VSD were still alive and showed remarkable improvement. Two patients successfully underwent additional right aorto-coronary vein bypass.


Grid computing has attracted worldwide attention in a variety of applications ranging from physics, chemistry, environment, aerospace and healthcare. Great efforts, resources and fundings have been put into national, regional and international initiatives in grid infrastructure, grid core technologies and grid applications. The integration of Grid and Healthcare has formed an exciting and specialist area called Healthgrid, which will have a great and profound impact on almost every aspect of future healthcare. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art of Healthgrid and key Healthgrid applications around the world. We identify the key issues and requirements in developing Healthgrid and its applications. Then we give a case study on "Bioprofiling over Grid" for the early detection of dementia. We further discuss the implications of grid computing on future healthcare based on intelligent and networked healthcare establishments.


A rapid and economical method is described for the determination of deltamethrin in wheat, rice, peanuts and corn. It is based on simultaneous extraction and clean-up on a column packed with alumina and silica gel using n-hexane-ethyl ether (8:2, v/v), followed by a derivatization step and gas-chromatographic analysis. Recoveries from fortified cereal and peanut samples were determined at four concentration levels and ranged from 73 to 109%. The detection limits were 0.01 to 0.03 mg/ kg. This method simplifies the traditional procedures in terms of sample size, solvent consumption and analysis time.


A wide variety of approaches with varying degrees of complexity has been used in the past to investigate transverse dynamic stability. The work described in this report represents an attempt to study the coupled sway/roll behaviour of hard chine prismatic hulls in a systematic manner using dynamic analysis, restrained model experiments, and a comparison of the results from the dynamic analysis with the various model tests.


This chapter identifies features of a fundraising appeal that elicited extraordinary giving by tapping into individual commitment during a campaign to preserve a California community's highly valued coastal property.


We continuously crawl the young MobileCoin network, uncovering the quorum configurations of core nodes and the quorum system resulting from these configurations. This report discusses our crawl methodology, encountered challenges, and our current empirical results. We find that the MobileCoin quorum system currently comprises of 7 organisations controlling a total of 10 validator nodes. Current quorum set configurations prioritise safety over liveness. At the time of writing, one of the involved organisations is technically able to block the approval of new blocks, as is the case for one of the (two) ISPs employed by crawled nodes.


Here, αc is the limit of the albedo in a cold state, and αw the limit of the albedo in a warm state. Ti denotes the transitional temperature at which the albedo is halfway between αc and αw, and γ sets the temperature scale over which this transition occurs. The sensitivity of our results to our assumptions about albedo is also further explored below. The arctan function captures the qualitative behavior of the transition, and is mathematically convenient (it is continuously differentiable). Our emphasis is on understanding the qualitative dynamics of the system; we expect that the results presented in the paper are independent of the detailed nature of the parametrization. Assuming that weathering must go to zero with decreasing T similar to the way in which α(T ) goes towards its maximum value αc with decreasing T , we parametrize W (T ) in a similar way:


We establish an SEIQRS epidemic model with periodic transmission rate to investigate the spread of seasonal HFMD in Wenzhou. The value of this study lies in two aspects. Mathematically, we show that the global dynamics of the HFMD model can be governed by its reproduction number ; if , the disease-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will vanish after some period of time; while if , the model has at least one positive periodic solution and is uniformly persistent, which indicates that HFMD becomes an endemic disease. Epidemiologically, based on the statistical data of HFMD in Wenzhou, we find that the HFMD becomes an endemic disease and will break out in Wenzhou. One of the most interesting findings is that, for controlling the HFMD spread, we must increase the quarantined rate or decrease the treatment cycle.


Abstract : A multiple time source comparison system (MTCS) has been implemented that is enhancing the reliability of the time source of our time disseminative service, including the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server, Taiwan's Computer Time Service (TCTS), and the Speaking Clocks Service. The time sources of MTCS are two HP407ZA cesium-beam clocks with a micro-phase-stepper and an IRIG-B time-code generator in two shielded rooms; the other source is GPS. We designed an algorithm to make sure that at least two time sources agree. If any time source is different from the others, a switch will block its output and issue an alarm. The time difference among all three sources will stay within 20 microseconds.


The wider availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has resulted in a concomitant increase in adults aging with HIV and the persistence of milder forms of neuropsychological impairment in this cohort. This study investigated the differences in neuropsychological functioning between a group of HIV+ adults and older adults and an HIV− matched control group. Participants from a semi-urban community clinic volunteered to participate in the study. The performance of 50 participants (33 HIV+ and 17 HIV−) who met the inclusion criteria were compared on the following measures: Dementia Rating Scale-2, the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Symbol Digits Modalities Test, and the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test. The results indicated that the HIV+ in comparison with the HIV− negative group had poorer performance profiles in global cognitive functioning, memory, executive functioning, visuoconstruction ability, psychomotor functioning, and processing speed. The findings suggest that further research in South Africa will contribute to a better understanding of the neuropsychological profiles of adults aging with HIV and inform intervention strategies specific to addressing the mental healthcare needs of this subgroup.


Make more knowledge even in less time every day. You may not always spend your time and money to go abroad and get the experience and knowledge by yourself. Reading is a good alternative to do in getting this desirable knowledge and experience. You may gain many things from experiencing directly, but of course it will spend much money. So here, by reading psychoanalysis scientific method and philosophy a symposium, you can take more advantages with limited budget.


This article introduces, defines, and describes predatory publishers and journals and shows how they hurt science and victimize individual researchers. Academic evaluation that only counts the number of publications may not provide an accurate measure of scholarly achievement, as journals routinely accept papers with little or no peer review.


Responsiveness to the a l 3 glucosidic linkage of Dextran B1355 is dictated by the IghC complex.',' In "responder" IghC" mice, this thymus-independent antibody response is typified by the IdX Dex VH marker and the almost exclusive use of the A 1 light chain.'" Whereas in "responders" this VH idiotype (Id) marker characterizes a large pauciclonal response (-50% of anti-a1 -3 dextran antibodies'), "non-responder" IghCb mice synthesize small amounts of K-bearing anti-a1 -3 dextran antibodies that lack this VH idiotype. Although the titer of these antibodies can rise to high levels in hyperimmune C57B1/6 (IghCb) mice with a concomitant switch to A1 chain synthesis, the antibodies still remain IdX De~-negative.~*' Thus, C H allotype appears to determine both the quality and the magnitude of this response. This basic response pattern has led Cohn4 and his associates to propose that the immune status of these mice reflects the absence of a C H allotype-linked VHDCx structural gene coding for the IdX Dex idiotype in opposition to the situation in IghCa animals. Whereas the expression of various other idiotype-characterized antibody responses is also under the control of C H allotype,6 there have been reports that "non-responder" mice do synthesize minute amounts of idiotypic antibodies,' or have a low frequency representation of such clones.' The serum concentration of these antibodies can be increased to easily detectable levels by pretreatment of these mice with anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against myeloma or hybridoma antibodies or normal serum antibodies of "responder" mice.' There are a t least three recently published instances where this has been achieved.'&'* Thus, in spite of the, failure to detect idiotypic antibody by standard immunization procedures, the synthesis of gene products of allotype-linked idiotypic responses can be activated in these "non-responders" by pretreatment with anti-idiotype. Mechanisms based on idiotope recognition13 may be responsible for this activation. The precursor clones of these idiotypic antibodies may represent "minor"'4 or "silent"" clones resulting from homeostatic active suppression, down regulating the product to undetectable levels. For example, 460-idiotype-specific T-suppressor cells were shown to specifically suppress the synthesis of 460-idiotype-bearing antidinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies in BALB/c mice." The available repertoire of antibody specificities thus may exceed in size the expressed repertoire.I6 Recent work from our laboratory' indicated that it was possible to induce the synthesis of XI-bearing IdX Dex-positive anti-01-3 dextran antibodies by administration of anti-ldX558 antibodies into the two IghCb mouse strains, C57B1/6 and CB 20. We have since been able to reproduce these results in four Bailey RI strains, CXBK, CXBD, CXBE, and CXBH.