Finding a Therapist - <AUTHOR> https://www.moodcheckin.com/blog/finding-a-therapist <comment><USER2> Shameless plug: my wife runs a psychology practice in Boston and wrote a little free guide on this topic. PDF grabbable here: [https://azimuthpsych.com/downloads/Azimuth_How_to_Find_a_The...](https://azimuthpsych.com/downloads/Azimuth_How_to_Find_a_Therapist_\[ebook\].pdf)

<comment><USER3> This is actually really good.

I've seen more therapists in my lifetime than I care to admit. But something like this would have helped a lot when I was starting out.

The casual approach does a really nice job at breaking things down and explaining parts of the process, without feeling like it's being dumbed down at all. It makes it feel very approachable, which is very welcome, given how daunting it felt (at least for me) starting out.

I cracked up at "My therapist is dull and doesn't laugh at my cat memes. Should I keep seeing them for therapy?".

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Most therapists can't help you, but mean well and don't know it, so if you're not seeing dramatic improvement after 6-8 sessions, find a new therapist. If you find it hard to break up with your therapist, that means they're really doing a bad job, and you should definitely find a new therapist.

Also, don't be impressed by credentials (PhD, MD, etc).

<comment><USER5> >Most therapists can't help you,

Who made you the expert to make this determination? The people it doesn't help are the people who put no effort into the process.

<comment><USER6> > The people it doesn't help are the people who put no effort into the > process.

I've heard this repeated a lot. I have no doubt this is true for some people (maybe even the majority of people for which therapy doesn't work, I don't know). However, I wouldn't want to claim this is the only reason. Especially since it's a great effort for many people to even make it to therapy in the first place. They _are_ making an effort. And it's disheartening to then turn around and tell them they're the problem if it doesn't work.

<comment><USER5> If merely getting someplace is a great effort, they are in need of medication from a psychiatrist. They aren't candidates for therapy if that's the extent of their participation.

<comment><USER3> This is false, and damaging to believe.

I was one of those you speak of, that merely getting there was a great effort. Therapy did me immense amounts of good, where I can thankfully live a reasonably normal, content life today. But, starting out, you better believe it took everything I had just to get up the will to drive there, and even sit there, and nothing more.

I don't think you understand how much of a breakthrough it is for some people to even get to this point, and how _fragile_ things can be at that point, either. Just even getting someone to agree to sit down with a therapist can be a massive step for them - to finally start working to confront things.

Psychiatric medication does not provide a magic pill that restores your will and motivation. If only it did! Things would be so much easier, and I could have saved a lot of time on therapy.

<comment><USER7> I go a step further and think that with psychiatric medications there's a chance to get worse without you even noticing that's happening. Meanwhile, talking have no side effects.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I always find it strange that going to a therapist is something relatively normal in the US. I don't think I have known anyone who has openly talked about going to a therapist in this part of the world (UK / Spain).

Does the US culture there produce more stress and broken people, or us Europeans just more ashamed of admitting to this sort of thing or is it something else?

<comment><USER9> Americans have systematically destroyed / left the various community organizations and ties and/or interpersonal relationships that in the past would have been the place to go for these things. Like, after our seven miscarriages, people suggested a therapist, which we saw. We saw the top rated therapist in our area for pregnancy loss grief, but honestly, she was quite useless in comparison to our two sets of married in-laws (quite a rarity these days), our priest, our deacon, and our deacon's wife, who have been significantly more helpful simply by being there and being close to us.

The thing is that therapy can be bought, and Americans love spending money on things. You can't buy relationships. This is my -- admittedly completely unfounded -- explanation.

<comment><USER5> >Americans love spending money on things

>our priest, our deacon, and our deacon's wife

How much do you tithe per week? Don't kid us by implying they'd give you that support if you weren't a paying customer.

<comment><USER10> I can only speak for my own religious tradition (Protestantism, Australia) but as the son of a minister and a lifelong churchgoer, I've never seen money come into it. I think the trope about money-hungry evangelists certainly has some truth to it in some parts of Christendom, but when it comes to money the church as a whole really isn't the stereotype that some make it out to be.

Growing up in a church ministry household, the only time I ever heard my father talking about specific individuals and their financial support for the church was in situations such as when someone died and left a bequest they had to sort out. I imagine he probably did get some idea about the generosity or otherwise of some of our parishioners just through knowing them sufficiently well, but I don't think he'd ever let it show.

Of course, if my dad wanted money, he'd have stayed in accounting. As a software engineer, I was earning more only one year out of uni, even with only Australian-level engineer salaries, than he's ever earned at any point in his whole career.

<comment><USER5> I'm not saying they're money hungry, but it's extremely uncouth to show up every Sunday and not contribute. I was pointing out that these free services aren't actually free.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> If you're in the NYC area, I know a bunch of folks who have had a really positive experience with [http://www.kenwoodpsych.com/](http://www.kenwoodpsych.com/) \- it's a practice that helps match you to a therapist that matches your needs, communication style, and financial/location constraints.

</comment><comment><USER12> That is a significant amount of work to engage in for someone who is already in a compromised mental state :'(

<comment><USER13> My wife has called over 10 therapists in the last few months. All of them have had no openings for new patients unless you agree to see them off the insurance. The rejection from so many therapists is taking it's toll. It's even more depressing to get up the motivation to research a new batch of therapists, get up the nerve to call, only to be rejected again. The act of finding a therapist is more depressing than just having depression.

<comment><USER2> That is technically insurance fraud. As a provider, when you accept insurance from a specific company you sign a contract that says you are required to accept that insurance as payment if you see a client who is a customer of that insurance company. You cannot hold specific "insurance" and "cash pay" slots. A large practice in Boston is being investigated for this right now, and it might put them out of business.

<comment><USER14> Is it fraud to have cash pay slots that require you not have insurance? From your description it sounds like it isn't.

They might (They do, this has happened to me, and the end result was not getting care I needed, but anyway) suggest you not inform them of your insurance, then it's your fraud, not theirs.

<comment><USER2> As a provider, if you do this you're putting yourself at massive risk. A patient could at any point (maybe you annoyed them that day) decide to request reimbursement from their insurance for your past sessions with them. That would probably trigger an audit, and could get you kicked off the insurance panel — and worse, be on the hook to pay back the insurance company for every cash payment you took that should have been covered.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> A couple of other suggestions from someone who has had a long journey on the SS Mental Health:

\- Gender. Consider what gender you might be more comfortable with. Many of my male friends prefered female therapists, I personally felt like I was talking to a maternal figure and found I was better off with a guy. No shame in either choice.

\- Trial period/multiple options. When I first moved to my current city I made appointments with multiple therapists, even seeing two simultaneously for a few weeks. You want to be comfortable with them and it can be very hard to tell from one session. This is obviously very insurance dependant though.

<comment><USER16> Agree with both of those. The gender thing in particular I went back and forth with a few times until I settled on what made the most sense for me. I think it's something most people will want to think about.

The other thing I'd include is that it's helpful to realize you're not trying to find a best friend. You're looking for a therapist, and _how_ they can help you is a lot different from other relationships you might have had with people in the past. Once I realized that, it made it easier for me to adjust and find someone that fit me best, rather than someone I had to like, or enjoy my time with, or other "normal" benchmarks you tend to look for otherwise.

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> Another suggestion: age. It's usually wrong to discriminate on age but when it comes to therapy there's broad agreement that people with more life experience (and likely more time practicing) are often better placed to offer help. Let others be the guinea pigs of that young and promising therapist and choose for yourself someone with a few decades of experience.

<comment><USER18> Can you link to published research indicating that there is any correlation between therapist age and patient outcomes? Many people come to the helping professions later in life, and time spent practicing is the just about the only factor that counts for behavioural therapies (with the caveat that therapy outcomes are a difficult thing to measure). [1][2]:

1: Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists: A naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care - Wampold, Bruce E.,Brown, George S. (Jeb) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 73(5), Oct 2005, 914-923

2: Huppert, J. D., Bufka, L. F., Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2001). Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(5), 747-755.

<comment><USER19> > time spent practicing is the just about the only factor that counts for > behavioural therapies

When using age as the predictor I'd imagine time spent practicing is the latent metric actually being measured. You can't have 10 years of experience at age 25. That said it seems silly to use age when time spent practicing is a readily observable value.

<comment><USER18> If, as GP stated, life experience was a significant factor in fostering the therapeutic relationship than older therapists with equal or lesser experience than their younger peers would have better results, though I agree that it likely is simply a proxy for YoE

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> YMMV but I live in a high-cost-of-living area and here if the therapist will take insurance that's almost a guarantee that they are not going to be good; mainly because in order to make a living at the rates insurance pays they have to take far more clients than a good therapist would consider reasonable.

This, combined with the fact that there is enough disposable income floating around to pay good therapists out-of-pocket means good therapists will just not take insurance (though you may have some success getting reimbursed). If you can't afford, many of those good therapists will find ways to help you pay, and perhaps even offer you a bit of a break in their rates[1]

1: One psychologist I know personally quit a non-profit to start a private practice after determining that they could do better work _and_ make more money by charging a high rate, and doing pro-bono work for poor people who really needed help.

<comment><USER21> I've noticed this also. The best therapists avoid insurance plans

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> This article leaves out 2 important types of providers, especially for California. These vary by state so I'm not surprised she left them out since it might not apply to her:

Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT): In CA they have at least 3,000 hours of experience. Similar to LCSW except they have a Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy and not in Social Work.

Licensed professional counselor (LPC): Same as above but in more states than CA.

Also, Psychologists and Psychiatrists do not necessarily have more experience since they can practice the day they graduate. What is important is the amount of time they have been practicing.

</comment><comment><USER23> So if we are trusting therapists to manage our psyche, does that mean therapists have the most stable and well managed personal lives? Are they some sort of strange philosopher-king like super category of humans? I'd love to see a large statistical survey of all the psychologists/therapists in Europe or North America and how their personal lives are happening.

<comment><USER24> Heh. I've thought that myself once or twice.

</comment></comment><comment><USER25> I'm wondering if a barrier to more people seeking help is the appointment vs walk-in option - how many more people, if they could see a therapist like they could go to a urgent care center, would do it?

<comment><USER26> People do try to use therapy as an urgent care center. People go to a therapy for help not committing suicide or harming someone else. It is a terrible idea. They can and should go to an actual emergency room.

<comment><USER27> San Antonio has found that emergency rooms are ill-equipped for this. Nurses and ER doctors are not generally mental health professionals. The city, county and various other authorities have built a sprawling system of mental health care facilities, partly designed to funnel people out of emergency rooms and into dedicated centers with staff trained in those situations.

[http://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and- the-...](http://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the- dead/series/solutions/)

> Take the Restoration Center, a big, boxy building on the edge of downtown. > It's a point of entry for people in psychiatric or substance abuse crises, > mostly for those who lack health insurance. In the past, they went straight > to emergency rooms or jail. Now many come through here — some 2,400 people a > month.

> Open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, the center has a locked psychiatric > ward for short-term stays, detox units, a medical clinic, and other > services. Some patients walk in on their own. Others are brought by police > or referred by hospitals. Anyone reporting suicidal or homicidal thoughts is > seen within 15 minutes, day or night.

> In Massachusetts, there is no equivalent. Here, hospital emergency rooms > function as crisis centers, and often ineffectively: Many people with severe > mental illness end up being discharged without any promise of meaningful > treatment.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER28> I wonder why nobody mentioned ratemds.com ? Is it not that well known or ? (Not related to them in any shape or form btw)

<comment><USER29> Doctor rating sites are crap because people are far more likely to emotionally sway hard positive/negative to doctor exp than something like restaurants. I find doctors by word of mouth and visit then once, and grade them HARD on my first experience, including their practice/admin/location etc. I think people trust their own experiences over others' in rating something as personal as a doctor (or therapist)</comment></comment>


Yahoo Mail flaw gets fixed, and a researcher nets $10K - <AUTHOR> http://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-mail-flaw-gets-fixed-and-a-researcher-nets-10k/ <comment><AUTHOR> Most, if not all of this could have been prevented by proper CSP headers [0].

Tip: Firefox gives you a really nice overview and tips on CSP if you enter 'security csp' in the Dev Toolbar (Shift F2) [1]. GitHub is a great example.

0: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy)

1: [https://i.imgur.com/dbRjenA.png](https://i.imgur.com/dbRjenA.png)</comment>


Statistical process control after W. Edwards Deming - <AUTHOR> https://www.2uo.de/deming/ <comment><USER2> > there isn't a hard theorem why they should sit at +/-3σ

There is Vysochanskij-Petunin inequality [1]. 95% of observations should fall within +/-3σ away from the mean, assuming unimodal distribution and finite variance.

[1] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vysochanskij%E2%80%93Petunin_i...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vysochanskij%E2%80%93Petunin_inequality)

<comment><USER3> Thanks, I wasn't aware of this and it seems very useful! Good to know a tighter bound than Chabyshev's inequality (assuming unimodality).

<comment><USER4> It's also where Six Sigma (3 sigma on each side) comes from. It implies "Total Control".

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Online resources on applying Deming's ideas [https://blog.deming.org/online- deming-resources/](https://blog.deming.org/online-deming-resources/)

</comment><comment><USER3> If I remember correctly, Deming was a key inspiration for Charles Koch's (of Koch industry fame/notoriety) managerial strategy.

See also [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Success](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Science_of_Success)

</comment><comment><USER6> Philip B. Crosby and Joseph M. Duran

<comment><USER7> It's actually Joseph M. Juran, sounds the same if you're listening to an audiobook.

<comment><USER6> Yes, you're absolutely right. Iphone spellcheck likes Duranduran. My department worshipped Juran when we were manufacturing things.</comment></comment></comment>


How Sass Can Shape The Future of CSS - <AUTHOR> http://thesassway.com/articles/how-sass-can-shape-the-future-of-css

<comment><AUTHOR> If you're big into the direction of CSS and want to hear more about how Sass is influencing the spec for CSS3 as well as CSS4, you should check this article out as well as the comments coming in.</comment>


An Extensive Look at the State of .Com Animal Name Domains in 2012 - <AUTHOR> http://www.apeconmyth.com/2012/02/wasted-urls-free-the-animals/

<comment><USER2> Made me think of these three Norwegian domains: www.sau.no www.ulv.com and www.elg.com. Sheep, wolf and moose.

</comment><comment><USER3> How funny that Google felt the need to fetch duck.com</comment>


Ask HN: How do I impress my interviewer - <AUTHOR> I don't want to be Max Howell. Never. I want to get his/her heart even if I don't get a degree on a outstanding university. <comment><USER2> Impressing an interviewer, especially on technical subjects is largely beyond your control.

However, when sizing up a candidate's potential 'cultural fit', hiring managers still tend to hire people they like.

Being likeable, that is being friendly-- can go a long way creating a favorable impression. Express a genuine curiosity in the individuals you meet with and what they do, ask intelligent questions, try to find common areas of interest.

In sales, they call it rapport building-- it's a practiced skill-- tremendously powerful and underappreciated asset.

</comment><comment><USER3> I wonder that question too. I think maybe we faced something similar. I want to work abroad. Some corporations in silicon valley like Google. But it's kind of difficult to impress those recruiters through my CV.</comment>


Show HN: DocStamp – Notarize documents on the Ethereum blockchain - <AUTHOR> https://docstamp.io <comment><AUTHOR> Just released [https://docstamp.io](https://docstamp.io) which lets you notarize documents on the Ethereum blockchain. To make it accessible to the wider audience, I accept payments in USD. I have a FAQ which has a link to the contract. I'd love to get some feedback on the site.</comment>


Google Fiber's biggest failure: ISP will turn service off in Louisville - <AUTHOR> https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/02/google-fiber-exits-louisville-after-shoddy-installs-left-exposed-wires-in-roads/ <comment><AUTHOR> It's finally happened, Google has brought their near-complete lack of user support and eventual abandonment of services to the real world.

<comment><USER2> I'm pretty sure that At&t beat them to the punch when they oversubscribed pppoe servers with dsl.

Or more recently, when the only hardwire internet you can get has 384kbps up stream.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> People are using Google for their ISP? Wow...

<comment><USER2> It's a valid option when the others are also content and advertising products, or trying to sell your data. All with known horrible service.

<comment><USER4> And that's why I stick with my crappy municipal fiber. I pay more for less bandwidth vs competitors, but my internet is very consistent (speed tests show that I'm getting exactly the advertised speed) and my city is small enough that I doubt they're competent enough to care about my data. I mean, they're a fiber service, yet their residential speeds max out at 30mbit/sec or something, so mistakes were made in building out the infrastructure (they _must_ be using a ton of base 100 cables/switches for the last mile).</comment></comment></comment>


Niche Site Builders - <AUTHOR>

Last July Paul Graham put this on his list of <a href="http://ycombinator.com/ideas.html">ideas he'd like to fund</a>:
"29. Easy site builders for specific markets. Weebly is a good, general-purpose site builder. But there are a lot of markets that could use more specialized tools. What's the best way to make a web site if you're a real estate agent, or a restaurant, or a lawyer? There still don't seem to be canonical answers.
Obviously the way to build this is to write a flexible site builder, then write layers on top to produce different variants. Hint: The key to making a site builder for end-users is to make software that lets people with no design ability produce things that look good or at least professional."
So I've been kicking this around for a while and wonder what the community's thoughts are.  What are the key features for an site that would allow you to come in an build website for your niche (donut shops, tow trucks, dentists)? <comment><USER2> >What are the key features for an site that would allow you to come in an build website for your niche (donut shops, tow trucks, dentists)?

As a previous submission (from Steve Blank's blog) said, you need to "get out of the building" and find out what donut shop owners, tow truck operators and dentists want.

One site that allows makers of hand-crafted goods to set up "shop" is Etsy (<http://www.etsy.com>). One thing they have are the tools for crafters to communicate with each other and teach each other how to build a shop. Note that in this case, sellers have something more like an eBay store than their own site. Maybe that's all some niches need.

Dentists wouldn't want that. At all. Real estate agents have their own needs. You will have to do the classic build and iterate to find what they want. Do you have experience in a niche that can help you get started?

<comment><USER3> If you like not getting paid work for realtors. Or lawyers for that matter.

<comment><USER4> Credit card + 19.95 monthly billing is about as safe as it gets for getting paid on the internet.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I made my first site bulder product in 1999, went up against the biggies of the day in massive corporations (Vignette was a favourite one to beat) and won most pitches. Only we called it a 'Content Management System'

The first dot-com crash wiped out the product/company.

The big difference I see now vs then is that then you were selling site builders, now you have to sell complete marketing solutions. A product that makes a good site is not enough, you need to deliver the entire value chain. Right from SEO/SEM to the being the primary directory of the industry to having custom sites for each merchant better be available thru your platform.

This is what etsy and opentable do, this is what you have to do.

And doing this across industries is HARD. Though many of the components in the industry vertical products may be common, there are enough unique business processes in each vertical that doing a category leading job in multiple verticals is just not possible.

If you want to build a real-estate site builder, you need to compete with realtor.com, for restaurants with opentable, i'm sure there is (or will be) an equivalent for lawyers. Competing with one of these behemoths is challenge enough, now imagine fighting against all simultaneously.

<comment><USER6> These are all good points, but I don't think anyone is suggesting a universal platform that competes across industries. The point being that there are a breadth of these types of niches in which to compete.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> I run a company that has been creating site builder products for 6 years now (sitezoogle.com).

It is one of the toughest markets for a web app, in my opinion.

On the dev side, there are very high requirements for each market. Take Realtors. You'd need to interface with MLS -- problem is each MLS has different requirements, and there are dozens in the US and Canada. Some have XML feeds, some only let you use an iFrame, others let you only download listings via FTP (!). You'd also need an internal CRM to help agents manage visitors and market to them. Both of these functions take a lot of dev.

Then there is the competition. Take realtors again, and do a search in Google. There are hundreds of competitors, and therefore the adwords PPC is in the $3 range for the top listings.

We've succeeded (profitable since 2004, 10 employees) by focusing on underserved niches (Landscapers, Horse breeders) and working closely with them to understand their needs.

But, it is definitely NOT easy to go across dozens of market and have a compelling product and market it effectively.

We are looking for help, so if anyone is interested in this market, send me a msg!

</comment><comment><USER8> To make a general purpose site builder for estate agents, florists, lawyers etc.. is not that difficult. To make a general purpose _web application_ builder is a hard problem.

You need to abstract 'a general business' and subclass as you drill down to the various business classes.

For example they would all include perhaps an 'accounts' section, but you wouldn't like to have an invoice from the funeral parlour stating:

      1 ProductID one body  Price $xxxx.xx

or even a shopping cart for this matter! :)

Even at the template level - and I am sure PG did not have that in mind when he wrote of his idea - this has not been very successful, although PG did quite well with it, at the time :)

</comment><comment><USER9> The company I worked for up until a little over a year ago tried to do something like this. They had a generic site builder (built with hokey 1999-era tech) with industry-specific templates and a whole bunch of themes that could be applied more or less orthogonally to the templates.

It's not a bad way of doing it, but their execution was a little off and they weren't able to make it profitable over the nine years that I worked there.

To do it profitably probably means doing it on a very large scale and in a way that doesn't result in huge hardware/maintenance nightmares (i.e. as little dynamic content as your customers will tolerate).

</comment><comment><USER10> Funny, I was just looking at that one too and wondering why Weebly isn't tailoring their app for vertical markets.

Almost paradoxically, I think sites in particular sectors need to add more generally available features to stand out in their fields. For example, how many professional services sites are nothing more than brochureware, and would benefit by adding "social" features and apps (commonly used by the portals and big, generic sites) to better communicate with customers?

</comment><comment><USER11> Hmm...do Tumblr, and now Posterous, qualify as niche site builders? or maybe Shopify?

From all such site builder examples out there, the more successful ones seem to nail down the underlying problem first (publishing, e-commerce, etc), and then enhance it with customization - not the other way around.

</comment><comment><USER12> just take the big things right now...

OpenTables features for restaurant sites ..

a version of opentable (modified) for mechanic websites

(VIN in lieu of seat preference)

</comment><comment><USER13> A client once said his 8 year old nephew could put together a site using only Microsoft Word and Paint for 500 Microsoft Points and a copy of Halo:ODST.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Who else is doing this today? What do they do right? what could be improved?

</comment><comment><USER14> Subscribing... interested in this as well.</comment>


Ask HN: Document Management for Startups - <AUTHOR> My startup scans and shreds almost all paperwork. What tools are there to index and understand tens of thousands of scanned pages to get useful information out of them? Tools that are simple for end users, not for document management experts <comment><USER2> We built an internal system where we place all to-be-scanned documents into a tray and have everything scanned once a week. We wrote cron jobs that execute every night to upload the documents into our S3 bucket. But we don't have software that makes it searchable yet

</comment><comment><USER3> What type of documents/paperwork are you looking to archive or extract? I would evaluate whether you need to make everything searchable or prioritize certain documents over others.

For example, we're working on a process to scan through our emails, pick out invoices, archive the document but extract the necessary information for accounting purposes.

For other documents, we'd like to make them searchable but they just get dumped into a cloud storage space at the moment.

</comment><comment><USER4> Mayan Edms open source self hosted DMS, [https://mayan- edms.com/](https://mayan-edms.com/)</comment>


Show HN: Moscow banned Gay Pride for 100 years, so we invite them here instead - <AUTHOR> http://www.gowest2013.com

<comment><USER2> I don't want to rain on your parade (ahem) but have you notified the authorities of the possible influx of more russians than expected? If your campaign is successful it might attract more than only gay russians.

There's a particular kind of asshole that will take an airplane just to mess up someone else's party, and if the authorities aren't prepared it could ruin the night for some.

<comment><AUTHOR> We love Russians, I'm married to one myself. Why would we be afraid of them?

<comment><USER2> I didn't mean Russians in general, I'm sure they are welcome, I just meant that they might inadvertently invite Russian homophobes.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> I clicked the Tweet button and it wanted to oAuth me. Why not just open a pre- filled Tweet box? No offense, I'm not giving you oAuth access so you can send 1 tweet.

<comment><AUTHOR> We also set longitude and latitude for tweets to inside Russia. Promise though - we don't do anything but tweet it, but guess you'll have to trust us on this one.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Could somebody help me understand what's the hype about the Gay marriage/pride thing? I don't know why but I am noticing a lot of buzz recently about this ("Gay parade banned somewhere", "Minnesota approved the same-sex marriage", "US supreme court to rule... about Gay marriage"). What I mean is in the ladder of problems that world has this has gone up extremely. What's the force behind it?

<comment><USER5> Some people are gay.

We quite like having equal rights.

We've been asking for equal rights since the 60s and 70s.

We'll stop making such a big deal about it when we have equal rights.

Any questions?

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Great design. The last two options in folding dropdowns are not clickable for me on Firefox.

</comment><comment><USER7> A noble idea and a great site. May I ask you, how did you achieve the dropdown effect?

<comment><AUTHOR> Tohank you, and f course you can. We used a modified version of <http://soulwire.github.io/Makisu/> with a simple fallback for browsers that can't do css 3d transforms.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> " Look at that! You are the 28th person to tweet a message of love from Saint Petersburg"

I don't know where you get your geolocation data from, but I don't live anywhere near russia.

<comment><USER9> Maybe they just make everyone pretend they live in Russia, so Putin might be convinced that there is a huge movement for reform. You know, like that's gonna matter to him.

<comment> guard-of-terra There is a huge speculation that Putin is gay himself, but apparently he is happy staying in the closet.

<comment><USER8> This needs a photoshop with sooo many rainbows: [http://baron.druga- strana.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Put...](http://baron.druga- strana.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Putin-rides-a-bear.jpg)

<comment><AUTHOR> mission accomplished: <http://imgur.com/7YJ8GpU>

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment> guard-of-terra I guess swedish visa is not included.

<comment><USER8> It's not difficult at all to get a Swedish travel visa (Or any European travel visa). We've got plenty of Russian tourism here.

<comment> guard-of-terra It's not but it still requires some planned effort beforehand, as opposed to just hopping on a plane & airbnb.

The event is sufficiently in the future so this is feasible, tho.

<comment><USER10> To hop on a plane and AirBnB, you also have to, you know, book a ticket and a room. The level planning required is similar in scope to that, it's just unfamiliar to those of us privileged enough to live in countries that are largely permit visa-less travel. To the rest of the world, getting a visa is every bit a central to foreign travelling as booking a flight.

(.. leading to situations such as once when ... my friend ... had to cancel a trip to India last minute because he hadn't thought to apply for a visa.)</comment></comment></comment></comment>


The S stands for Simple (2006) - <AUTHOR> http://harmful.cat-v.org/software/xml/soap/simple

<comment><USER2> There is the same trend now with javascript. Before you could run javascript in your browser. Now, you need to transpile it from ES6/coffeescript, then you need to use the dependency manager with some npm/yeoman files, then you have grunt to configure for some reason, then you need to configure your framework specific tools (ember-cli etc.), wait! Did you compile your templates? And then you have exactly what java was criticized for, a ton of configuration and loads of crud around your code.

<comment><USER3> Thankfully, I'm a Ruby Guy.

All you do is buy a Mac, then install rvm because the version is wrong, plus use bundler because global state is a terrible idea for gem dependencies, and you need to have the right bit of Xcode Command Line Tools going to compiler native gems, and if you're head by one version you get compiler errors, and...

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Meta question: is there a sneaky HN term for when an article gets to the front page by being referenced in another article that is on the front page? (this one is from the WCF post). Something like "Piggy Linking"... but better...

<comment><USER5> Side channel attack

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Well after reading that I don't feel so bad for giving up on trying to learn all about SOAP back in the day. I remember trying to work how to use a SOAP API from FedEx and getting so frustrated that I googled "SOAP is dead" and lo and behold, I was not the only one...

Long live REST!

</comment><comment><USER7> SOAP in a nutshell:

> SG: Well, officially none. But you can potentially support any of 'em. And > there's lots of platforms that support JMS, and FTP, and SMTP.

> Dev: Does anyone actually use these other transports?

<comment><USER8> Just wait... I predict a Show HN: SOAP over (nntp/finger/bitcoin block) written in (go/rust/coffeescript/haskell) within 24 hours.

<comment><USER7> I doubt SOAP is cool enough to attract the go/rust/etc... crowd.

So back in SOAP's infancy, company firewalls were a fucking mess, so being able to use something that was likely to just work across myriad internal networks was a boon. I'm a suspicious man, and am willing to bet the whole "we're transportation agnostic" was more a smoke screen for "we need to drill holes in your firewall" than a particular architectural love for passing SOAP messages over SMTP.

<comment><USER9> Go isn't cool I hope, but clojure is definitely cool. I know because they have long, sometimes blue, hair.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


What Wayland Means for Developers - <AUTHOR> http://blog.smartbear.com/software-quality/bid/241134/What-Wayland-Means-for-Developers

<comment><USER2> Just a few paragraphs in, and I've stopped reading. This article is terrible. The author seems to neither understand who's driving the Wayland project nor the technical details of it. Case in point-

"Let's start by considering what an end user will see. In casual language, future releases of Ubuntu will base their graphics on Wayland rather than X. Since Wayland is designed for 3D displays, the Linux applications of the future will look three-dimensional!"

</comment><comment><USER3> Is it wrong to say 'hopefully nothing much' ?

I mean, unless you're a windowing toolkit dev, in which case it probably means a lot of work.

And I know his is almost as much of a cliche as Gnome 3 bashing, but have there been any developments (other than a one-off POC) where remoting is concerned? I've been using that a lot this week.

<comment><USER4> Hopefully all this work will only translate to changing the API used by Qt and GTK to draw on screen and not a complete overhaul of X11. They'll take my wm from my cold dead hands.

<comment><USER5> Did you read the article? All WMs will need to be rewritten, and must do compositing.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> TL;DR: Developers of graphical user environments like Ubuntu Unity will gain the ability to deliver smooth, fluid experiences via the 3D compositor; application developers will gain the freedom to do whatever they want with their applications' graphics buffers, because the compositor will be seamlessly combining all buffers on screen.

</comment><comment><USER7> Yet another fluff article about Wayland. It's too bad. I'd love to see some analysis of its potential and a comparison with OS X Quartz and Windows aero/WDM. How does the performance compare to X? What GPU features does Wayland expose that X doesn't?

</comment><comment><USER8> Wayland and Weston. A MetroWest Boston thing?

<comment><USER9> _"The name "Wayland" comes from the town of Wayland, Massachusetts. Høgsberg was driving through that town when the concepts behind Wayland "crystallized"._ "

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_%28display_server_proto...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_%28display_server_protocol%29)

<comment><USER8> Ha, I figured. Thanks for the reference.</comment></comment></comment>


HTML5 (plugin free) web-based terminal emulator and SSH client - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/liftoff/GateOne

<comment><USER2> Impressive demo video of GateOne: <http://vimeo.com/24857127>

I could see a number of use cases for this. However, I would like to know that it has been vetted for possible security issues.

<comment><USER3> Impressive indeed. Why don't github README's ever link to a demo, or the intro blog post? This is why I bookmark the HN page for a project like this.

<comment><USER4> Why _didn't_ I add a link to the demo in the README? This has been corrected. Thanks for the tip :)

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I thought it was implementing SSH in JS and WebSockets aka an "HTML5 SSH client"

In fact its just a front end. So yeah it's plugin free, but it's still not interesting. Means also that your password travels to the host machine then and that you get double latency.

"Bleh" comes to mind :-(

Please someone tell me I missed a sshprotocol.py and that the ssh.py was not full of system() calls :'(

<comment><USER6> _I thought it was implementing SSH in JS and WebSockets aka an "HTML5 SSH client"_

I don't think that's possible. You would have to implement encryption in JavaScript and that is a horror in it's own right, especially when it comes to performance. There would be other problems too.

 _Means also that your password travels to the host machine then and that you get double latency._

Yes, but if you install this on your machine or another machine on your local network, it shouldn't be too bad.

 _"Bleh" comes to mind :-(_

This is actually very cool! I develop on Windows (personal preference), but my development + production is all Linux. There's also instances on Rackspace and EC2, all Linux. This allows me to connect to them through the browser, without running SecureCRT or Putty!

<comment><USER7> Out of curiosity:

What is the improvement for your workflow? I'm genuinely interested, because I cannot even imagine why I'd drop putty (or something similar) and go for a web client here (at least not unless it would be something completely without a backend that I need to install first).

So: Why would you like to drop ~native~ clients?

<comment><USER4> Here's a couple of reasons why Gate One is superior to PuTTY:

* Gate One makes temporary network disruptions a trivial inconvenience: If your connection drops (which is sadly very common with business VPNs and home Internet connections) you can instantly resume all your open terminals the moment it comes back online. This also works for when you need to reboot your computer (not that Windows ever makes you do that ;).

* Gate One's bookmark manager is vastly superior to PuTTY's built-in session manager. With PuTTY, if you have more than a few "Saved Sessions" you'll have to scroll and scroll to find the one you want and the connection window isn't resizable. Also, you can't attach notes or classify them in any way. Gate One's bookmark manager is so much nicer (and faster to navigate).

* Gate One terminals don't clutter up your task manager. I've seen Systems Administrators struggle to find the right window when they have dozens of PuTTY windows open. Some other SSH clients support tabs but those can get out of control just as quickly. Gate One's grid view lets you manage (and find) a large number of terminals very efficiently.

* Gate One's session logging/recording, playback, and sharing features. PuTTY supports raw, text-based logging but it is unreliable (if you don't shut down PuTTY properly the log will be lost).

Of course, there's other features you might like but I won't enumerate them all here. PuTTY does some things Gate One can't do (e.g. port forwarding) but for most day-to-day stuff Gate One will probably be better.

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> _FYI: Gate One was developed entirely by one guy in his spare time over the course of ~9 months. It turned out pretty good so he's looking to start a business out of it._

anyone know how he plans to do that? license it under different terms to network hardware device vendors for integration or something?

<comment><USER9> The repository's LICENSE.txt states, "if the terms of the AGPLv3 license do not suit your needs, a proprietary license may be purchased from Liftoff Software," so I would assume that you are correct.

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Just out of curiosity, why you didn't use (or decided not to use) existing solutions for the terminal backend:

* <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyte> * <http://github.com/samfoo/vt102> * <http://antony.lesuisse.org/software/ajaxterm/>

(to name a few)

<comment><USER4> I chose to write my own terminal emulator from scratch because after trying various existing open source implementations (including the one in Ajaxterm) I decided they were too slow, buggy, or incomplete. I have old versions of Gate One that used a modified version of Ajaxterm's emulation, Termemulator, and one other that I can't remember right now.

The biggest reason of all was the speed. Gate One needed to support multiple users running multiple terminals. Every terminal--when the screen is updated-- needs to be converted into HTML and sent to the client. I wrote terminal.py to be as fast as possible with this purpose in mind.

For reference, I hadn't heard of pyte until I saw your link just now. I'll definitely be checking it out.

Having said all that, now that I've _already_ written my own terminal emulator for Gate One, it includes some additional features that only Gate One is suited to take advantage of (special escape handlers that only terminal.py would know how to handle--for plugin authors to use). I don't think it would be practical to use something else at this point.

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

<comment><USER10> I understand your point, there's two problems with most of the terminal emulators I've seen:

      - they are either poorly or completely unsupported
      - the code is a nightmare, badly written, undocumented

Both make extending a VTE an almost impossible task. Actually, that's why we (at Selectel) wrote `pyte` [<http://github.com/selectel/pyte>], which soon became open-source.

As for speed issues, have you considered implementing incremental updates (like in AnyTerm, for example)? This approach works perfectly in our setup (multiple clients, multiple terminals).

P. S. Looking through the code, I can tell that you had some tough nights throughout those 9 months :) Good job!

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Very cool. But I don't like all the options on the right. It could have been simpler. You have the tabs in your browser. Why add another way to make screens in a screen? Though splits could be handy..

<comment><USER2> I think because different Tabs are sandboxed from each other. Looking at the code in GitHub, the browser is communitcating to a server based application. By doing this in one browser window, you only need on connection between the browser and the server.

<comment><USER4> This is exactly right. Having said that, I plan to add support for detaching terminals into their own tabs to Gate One in the future. There's no technical reason why it can't be done but it will require a lot of coding.

There's another advantage to having all your terminals under one tab: They don't clutter up your tabs! LOL! If you've ever had a dozen or so PuTTY windows open you'll know that they can really clutter the heck out of your task manager. Having a zillion tabs open would have a similar effect.

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> I've thought about similar ssh client for Kindle Keyboard 3G web browser. With 3G you are getting free over the world coverage with no issues with battery. Slow e-ink screens are not a problem for terminal. So you are able to fix problem on your server almost any place in the world.

</comment><comment><USER13> This looks like an impressive, feature-rich version of escape from the web (<https://launchpad.net/eftw>). Both use tornado on the backend and there seem to be some similarities in the multiplex classes. Escape from the web in turn shares code with ajaxterm.

Both (gateone and eftw) render terminal output on the server side using a python terminal emulator, while shellinabox mentioned in another comment uses a Javascript terminal emulator on the client side.

Edit: The docs say, the terminal class was written from scratch.

<comment><USER4> Hah, nice find! You'll be interested to note that I am the author of both Escape From The Web _and_ Gate One. Once WebSockets became generally available I decided to write a new application from scratch in order to take advantage of the technology. The primary motivator was that I wanted a web-based terminal emulator that could support multiple terminals (among other things).

Also, the two work on completely different principals. EFTW uses long-held HTTP streams (which differs from Ajaxterm's long-polling method) while Gate One uses asynchronous WebSockets. WebSockets are vastly superior to the old AJAX methods in that they're much less bandwidth/CPU intensive and provide an order of magnitude less latency.

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

</comment></comment><comment><USER14> Wait a second...is he correct on the AGPL? We have a legacy application which runs on linux...I'd be very interested in exposing it to our internal business users through something like this, but not if I had to give the source away. However, I'm not sure how this could be the case...it technically wouldn't be part of the application...it'd only be a way of accessing it.

That said, if we get value of it, I'm not opposed to paying for it either. I'm just more interested in understanding whether the AGPL really forces this.

<comment><USER15> _Does the GPL require that source code of modified versions be posted to the public?

The GPL does not require you to release your modified version, or any part of it. You are free to make modifications and use them privately, without ever releasing them. This applies to organizations (including companies), too; an organization can make a modified version and use it internally without ever releasing it outside the organization._

<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html>

As long as all the users are internal to your organization, you don't have to provide the source to anyone.

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> I wrote my own web-based terminal emulator, but shortly thereafter found shellinabox (<http://code.google.com/p/shellinabox/>) and I use that instead. It looks like GateOne might be a bit more configurable, and I don't think shellinabox does tiling or bookmarks. Can anyone else comment on other relevant differences?

<comment><USER10>
      - unicode characters (for instance you can't type in russian) -- try there http://demos.anyterm.org/shellinabox_nano
      - speed could've been better, there's a noticeable delay when running something like `mc`

I haven't tried Gate One yet, but I did look very closely at your project at some point. Great work, btw :)

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> Very, very cool - fyi your site is giving me the ol' 403 - (<http://liftoffsoftware.com/>) (if this just because you're getting it up and running let me know and I'll delete this!)

<comment><USER2> Strangely, the last line of the README file says "NOTE: <http://liftoffsoftware.com/> hasn't been built yet so links pointing there will be dead for a while."

I guess an "Under Construction" animated GIF would be better than a 403

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> The author created a great looking app -- I wish he had spent five minutes during the 9 months explaining how to install it!

<comment><USER14> The docs, included in the download, contain install instructions. Pretty easy and quick to install.

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> I'm not understanding how (why?) this would be useful. Accessing a server through http and pipe everything to some other server, why would I want to do that instead of directly connect to my server?

What advantage does this have over running ssh normally on my terminal, or putty?

Not being sarcastic, just genuinely curious about the rational of this application.

<comment><USER20> Bypassing overly tight firewalls and/or execution policies is one reason. Basically this enables you to use SSH with any machine, even if it was firewalled to allow only port 80 and/or doesn't allow executing anything other than browser.

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> * Similarly, supports server-side logging, recording, and video-like playback of user sessions. It can even log to syslog to support whatever centralized logging system you want.

Sounds scary.

<comment><USER4> Why does auditability scare you? Besides, it is a requirement of many laws and industry regulations. Especially the log-to-syslog capability which enables centralized logging of sessions.

\-- Dan McDougall - Author of Gate One

<comment><USER20> Because the point of SSH is that it's encrypted and secure, thus not eavesdroppable my any intermediaries.

Edit: To put it other way, this feels like using telnet to connect to a server where you can then ssh where you were going to. And the telnet server recording all traffic that goes through it.</comment></comment></comment>


Fero – A secure signing server built around the YubiHSM2 - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/coreos/fero <comment><USER2> This looks cool -- thanks for sharing.

Are there any docs about the threat model or intended security properties of this system? It seems at first glance like the trusted computing base includes the machine that this is running on (and thus storing the user keys and weights) but it would be great to clarify or call this out explicitly.

<comment><USER3> If a server is compromised you would have to invalidate all the private keys it used, because you can't know if the attacker still has the key. Unless the server never had access to those keys beyond _using_ them. The difference is that an attacker who gained shell access could have copied your private key material if you didn't use a HSM, and you would never be the wiser.

With a Hardware Security Module (HSM), the keys can only be used, not copied. There is a hardware barrier that prevents such access. The only way to get those keys is to physically steal the HSM.

<comment><USER4> While true the attacker could still have used the the keys to sign his/her own files. Maybe key invalidation is in order regardless?

<comment><USER5> I'm not sure about the YubiHSM, but it is considered good (essential?) practice to have a hardware signature counter, so you can tell if there were signatures that done outside of your normal-process (which, if important, would document those).

So, you'd know if there are bad signatures out there; If your process documents all signatures, you'd even know which ones are bad (because they are bad in the audit trail or do not appear there at all).

Yubikeys have such a counter, so I'd be surprised if the YubiHSM doesn't.

<comment><USER6> YubiHSM keeps an audit log of all the data it's been asked to find. If you find it's been used to improperly sign a certificate, you can add that specific certificate to your CRL.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Debugging node.js memory leaks - <AUTHOR> http://dtrace.org/blogs/bmc/2012/05/05/debugging-node-js-memory-leaks/

<comment><USER2> Nice! Reminds me of gdb-heap, which takes what sounds like a similar approach to identifying python objects in the heap: <https://fedorahosted.org/gdb- heap/wiki>

<comment><AUTHOR> Interesting! ::findjsobjects is all open source[1], so if someone wanted to implement GDB support in a similar fashion, it should be more of a port and less a from-scratch re-implementation...

[1] [https://github.com/joyent/illumos- joyent/tree/master/usr/src...](https://github.com/joyent/illumos- joyent/tree/master/usr/src/cmd/mdb/common/modules/v8)</comment></comment>


Ask HN: What computer should I buy? - <AUTHOR> I only have one shot at this. The computer needs to last me for the next 5 years. Can be a laptop or a desktop. I like Windows 10, Linux and OS X all the same. Thinking about a Retina MacBook...
I don't play games, don't need a GPU. I don't compile things or render video, so a good CPU isn't that important.
I think I could live with a Core M, but not sure. SSD is a must, preferably a PCIe NVMe one.
Budget is $1700, but add 20% to the price of the computer for the european tax because I live in Serbia and everything is expensive.
Help me HN. <comment><USER2> Well, what do you want to do with it? \- Do you need lots of screen space? \- Do you need lots of local storage? \- Do you use lots of applications simultaneously? \- Do you use large data files? \- Do you care how it looks? \- Do you care how physically robust it is? \- Do you have any existing components that you could reuse (eg. a monitor)?

You've said you don't game, compile or render video, which is helpful. But then you say you want fast storage. You said it could be laptop or desktop.

There are so many possible answers, you need to help narrow things down a little more ...

<comment><AUTHOR> Okay so I don't really know. Currently I'm a coder and do PHP NodeJS etc. But in the future I might do something else, and I'm not sure.

I might need a laptop or not, I'm not sure. I'm still in high school living with parents so I have lots of space and don't worry about the power bill but that will change when I move out.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> I recommend a used ThinkPad (probably in the T series), with some variety of Linux. I bought mine from my high school when I graduated, but they're readily available for a few hundred USD. ThinkPads are renowned for being virtually indestructible; I personally have dropped them onto concrete floors, stepped on them, and dumped a liter of water in one, with no major failures. On mine (currently a T420) I can run KUbuntu with a fairly heavy instance of Firefox, a small VM, and a few other programs with no difficulty at all. It's not _quite_ as fast as a brand-new computer might be, but not problematically so. I see no reason why such a computer couldn't be stretched to last 5 years for light use; the main reason I've needed to upgrade in the past has been that I've started doing things that needed more RAM and it was cheaper (due to the school's program) to get a new computer.

The one thing the above does not cover is the SSD. If this is actually a requirement for you (I've never particularly needed one myself), you will probably need to buy that separately and install it (a single Phillips screw), but that will still be significantly less than $1700 and you may even be able to get a discount on a laptop that's missing its hard drive.

<comment><AUTHOR> I will look into it definitely. There are lots of cheap business Thinkpads from Germany in Serbia, so I will find some.

The only shitty thing about old laptops is that the screen is 1366x768. That's too damn small. Yet you can find budget laptops that are Full HD, but are built so bad they can break if you open them (for example recent HP 15 series which I've fixed for someone and had the body crack because I opened it (you need to remove the whole back cover and what's left is the top cover and the screen and the guts stuck to the top cover, but the bottom cover overhangs the top one so it's difficult to remove. ))

Note on the SSD, if you ever upgrade to an SSD you will not be able to go back. At least I can't. Even a slow eMMC card is faster than a HDD in access times, and in a laptop makes a huge difference.

<comment><USER3> Many of them are available in higher-resolution models; for example the T420 I have (released 2012) is 1600x900. I also suggest getting an external monitor so you can have two screens--until recently I had an awful 800x600 LCD I got for $10 and it was still better than nothing.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> I would suggest buying a minitower or building your own. Several motherboards, e.g. Gigabyte, support M.2 SSD which is the fastest option. I would also add a 1 or 2 TB SATA hard drive. Personally I would pick Linux, Ubuntu LTS has been consistently good for me. Since you don't need a GPU you will avoid the most common compatibility issues.

A desktop/minitower is cheaper than a comparable power laptop. It is easier to repair or upgrade. Both Gigabyte and Asus make excellent motherboards and have online configuration tools to help you select the CPU, RAM, etc.

<comment><AUTHOR> What do you think about this?

        i7-4790 311€
        ga-z97-d3h 96€
        sm951 m.2 128gb 86€
        850 evo 500gb 160€
        wd blue 4tb 120€
        16gb ddr3 85€
        16gb ddr3 85€
        case atx  20€
        psu 500w  40€

I might host lots of VMs so I might need the RAM and the CPU. For now I could live by on a Intel Atom. In fact I'm using a Celeron and 4GB of RAM right now.

<comment><USER4> That is a nice configuration - rather powerful. It is a very long way beyond your current configuration. Reading your other responses, it would seem that you might be better off doing some more work and waiting until you are clearer about what you need. The great thing about PCs is that over time you get more for your money. So delaying the decision until you really need a new system works in your favour.

<comment><AUTHOR> Okay, I think that's good too. I __do__ need to learn to save money, I haven't learnt that yet and always spend it. I will probably upgrade to 4+4GB just because I'm really starting to need it but will keep the CPU and the rest and wait... AMD Ryzen sounds very nice, and it's only going to get better.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Why only one shot? You could probably get a decent enough machine for half your budget and then replaces it in 3-4 years.

<comment><AUTHOR> I got a job that paid me well, but I'm not sure whether i will have spare money in the future (planning on moving out my parents' house when I'm 18 and will need every cent). If I knew for a fact I'd have money every 2 years I would just buy the latest shiny Apple thing because Apple.

<comment><USER5> Money you don't spend now can be saved until you need it.</comment></comment></comment>