Ask HN: What do you nerds spend your money on? - <AUTHOR> As software engineers, on average, we earn a lot more money than a lot of people. Hearing that a fresh college grad is clocking six figures is normal at this point. I'm only about 5 years into my career, and I make more money than I could ever imagine to. A good portion of the industry might ask me why I'm not making more, but that subset of professionals probably come from more privileged upbringings.<p>I'm a Black man, in my late twenties, and I come from one of the poorest areas of New York City. To boot, I don't even have a college degree. I've been extremely lucky, and I'm ridiculously grateful, but I don't know how to manage what I'm making and how I should think about what I earn going forward. My parents and other close relatives can only speculate, and like many others in similar positions, I don't know who to trust with guiding my reality. So I'm curious: what do you do with your money, generally? Buy a lot of video games? Books? Courses? Food? Real estate? Stocks? How do you generally split up your expenses? Are you shocked at all by the money you're making? It sounds like a weird problem to have, and it's sorta embarrassing to ask, but I'm starting to feel overwhelmed by my growth. <comment><USER2> Find a low-fee diversified index fund, such as from Vanguard. Take 20% or a reasonable portion of your income and place it in this fund with each paycheck. As they say, pay yourself first. Check out the Bogleheads' Guide to Investing for further information. That is literally all you need to know. I have earned the Chartered Financial Analyst designation over a rigorous course of study. This is literally what I do with my money.

<comment><USER3> For a young person with a high paying job, 50% may be a reasonable portion of your income to save. Mandatory expenses will increase if you grow a family, possibly faster than your income growth.

And consider putting that money to good use -- improving the world, or rewarding people who are doing good work but not well compensated for it, or creating opportunities for other not-yet-wealthy people to have a chance at a good shot in life.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Time.

I've made a ton of money -- and spent it. But I never could find anything to substitute for time.

I live where the cost of living is really low. I work a few months a year and then take the rest of the year to do what I want. It most always involves technology -- I'm a nerd like that -- but most importantly it involves _self- directed learning_. I learn stuff because I think it's important, not because my job requires it.

Bonus points for being home to watch my kids grow up, getting to know my neighbors, being able to take vacations for as long as I like. Extra bonus points for being grounded in a community that has nothing to do with technology -- as opposed to constantly worrying about whether I was in the cool kids club or not. I'm not, and that's fine.

It's true. We make a lot of money. Time is the one thing you can't buy. Nobody ever got to be 80 and complained about spending too much time with their family, but plenty of folks are sorry they were absent workaholics for so long.

<comment><USER5> I actively try to find ways to spend money on things that can save me time on a variety of things in my life so I can spend more time doing things I enjoy.

Also somewhat related, I tend to not mind spending more money for things I spend a lot of time with. For instance, a fast computer, a comfortable chair and mattress, great sounding speakers/headphones/earphones, etc, etc, are all things I've splurged on, despite being relatively frugal with most other aspects of my life.

<comment><USER6> Any recommendations on things you spend money on that save time? Besides the obvious like maids etc.

<comment><USER5> I don't think I'm doing anything particularly novel, but here are some examples:

\- I live in a studio apartment in downtown San Francisco so I can minimize my commute (currently a 10 minute walk). San Francisco is a notoriously expensive city. However, most engineers in similar situations as myself (single, with slightly above market rate salary) can afford to close to work, but many end up choosing not to because they want to save more money on rent. I too could probably save a good $1000 more per month if I chose to live somewhere outside downtown and commute to work, but for me that's a small price to pay to get 5+ hours per week of my life back.

\- Ordering food instead of cooking. I cooked my own meals a lot in college. It was definitely significantly cheaper than having meals at restaurants, but it was also ridiculously time consuming, especially when you take into account things like learning new dishes and grocery shopping. These days I almost exclusively order food for pickup when I leave work and for delivery on weekends. I also have a few boxes of Soylent stocked up for when I don't feel any craving for any particular taste. I also had an Amazon Fresh subscription for groceries for a while when I was transitioning between my cooking and ordering phases, so that could be a decent compromise if you still want to cook but are looking to save time off grocery shopping.

\- Buying your own exercise equipment instead of going to the gym. Having a treadmill at home not only saved me commute time to and from the gym, it also had the nice side effect of reducing the activation energy for actually exercising, so I end up doing it much more often now because it's so easy to get started. I also don't have to feel self conscious sweating it out in a room full of other people, and I have my own private shower a few steps away to refresh myself when done. This one also happens to be a money saver in the long run because the treadmill pays for itself in gym membership fees saved.

These might not be practical for everybody, but I hope that was at least helpful as a starting point for brainstorming things that could work for you.

<comment><USER7> I really the advice:

live in a neighborhood, especially if possible live in a walk-able mixed use neighborhood close to work, OP might live in NYC so maybe he's got this covered.

I estimate your quality of life is very high compared the people in most of America who spend their days stuck in traffic.

Gyms are a nice way to get out of the house and mingle in the neighborhood, so not sure about the home gym.

I remember reading in the NYT about some very successful actor who they profiled on a Saturday, what did he do with his time / money? Got a coffee, walked his dog down to the wharf, planned on reading a book later. Or what does Andrew Ng like to do on his days off with all his money, according to the article I read, stay home and read a book. Its funny how after a certain level people don't have much to buy unless they take up something like yachting or car racing.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Yes, the money is crazy. It disappears surprisingly fast.

I am married with a baby; wife doesn't work currently. We own a house. That all accounts for the largest single block of expenses. So: housing, food, medical, diapers. Then utilities incl phone and internet. Everything except medical gets scrutinized to some degree.

Past that:

retirement & stocks. Vanguard pioneered index funds and the Standard Advice for people who don't want to fuss about it is "max retirement yearly in the standard vanguard index fund". Standard advice is save 15% of your income.

Misc other costs:

We eat out too much.

I have professional memberships incl the ACM and I donate to political races I believe deserve support (shoutout to the irreverent bookmarking site).

We have a gym membership - we tacked on a babysitting membership for the kiddo so we can put him in babysitting when we go. It's pretty expensive but invests in FutureUs's health, which pays off in ways non-financial and financial. And it saves on finding a babysitter 3x/wk.

We have a car and hope to move to a place where we can sell it. The car has a "proc effect" cost of about $1000 once a year beyond the usual car ownership costs.

A substantial part of my savings for the past decade went towards a down payment on the house we now live in. We're still adjusting towards that.

I advise donating some towards church or other charity; I strongly believe that those of us blessed with resources have a duty to share with those not blessed.

oh yes - hobbies.

I got into oil painting. That's been fun and VERY expensive. I buy nonfiction books and read them. At $12/book, that's not cheap in volume. Lately I got interested in kettlebell based workouts, so I got a couple of decent quality ones and didn't really think too hard about the money. I don't expect them to wear out or break, so it's a lifetime investment in health.

so on and so forth. Disciplined investing is how you should be thinking about money.

</comment><comment><USER9> I come from a similar background. No college degree, from a poor rural southern area. When I first started with a rapidly-increasing paycheck I spent money on all the tech gadgetry. Now, I view most of the things as unnecessary.

Instead I'm moving towards financial independence - hopefully to the point where I can retire early. I'm working on maxing out my 401k and IRA investments yearly. I keep a few months salary saved up so I can weather most storms without dipping into the retirement funds.

This is something I'm working towards. I'm a long way from meeting my goals of income:savings ratio. I spend too much on food and various forms of entertainment (PC games and movies).

My S/O works in the arts and she still finds it insane how much money I make (not a lot by the HN crowd, I'm sure), so she's the one that inspires me to do better things with my money.

</comment><comment><USER10> After alimony and Social Security deductions, I have just enough money left over to get to work and back each day.

Probably not the answer you were looking for...

(Advice: Make sure your maxing out any 401k match, then dump as much as you can into a Target Retirement 20XX account. Also, don't get married. Your future self will thank you.)

<comment><USER11> Getting married is fine, if that's what you want to do. But it does complicate financial planning and decision making.

<comment><USER12> You don't get married unless you're having kids, waited for relationship stability of at least 5-10 years and have a solid prenup that also captures video evidence of willful understanding of each and every one of its terms.

You don't also do cohabitation without a palnup and similar acknowledgement as above, due to palimony.

And you never commingle finances except for common house expenses and the primary residence... keep both of your finances and everything else separate, for sanity's sake.

Finally, if you want to avoid divorce rape, alimony, child-support and all that, then don't get divorced in a community property state.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Best advice I got when starting out was an older colleague who encouraged me to invest early and often. The sooner you start saving the longer time you have for growth. Invest as much as you can afford to in 401k (see if you company has matching).

<comment><USER14> I would only add the caveat that you should ONLY invest in 401K IF you company is matching. Otherwise look into a vanguard fund or something on the like. I think the automatic opting in on 401k is of course better than no investing, but may not be the best course of action in a company that does not match. The last company I worked for, made the decision of if, and how much it matched at the end of each year. During my 2 years there they never matched a single cent. My money would have been better somewhere else, as well as more ethical than handing it to a major bank to auto invest in it's own subsidiaries.

<comment><USER15> > I would only add the caveat that you should ONLY invest in 401K IF you > company is matching.

I think this is NOT good advice. Reasons:

* the more you invest in your 401(k), you reduce your tax bracket

* you can invest more money since its pre-tax. The caveat being here that you will be taxed when you withdraw. Usually its a worthy tradeoff

* you still have the option of directing your money in Vanguard or Vanguard like ETF's since you are in control of where your 401(k) money goes

IANAL so let me know if what I said is factually incorrect.

<comment><USER16> > the more you invest in your 401(k), you reduce your tax bracket

Reducing your tax bracket isn't meaningful separately from the next item; the idea that it is comes from a misunderstanding of progressive taxation.

> you can invest more money since its pre-tax. The caveat being here that you > will be taxed when you withdraw. Usually its a worthy tradeoff

For most people, yes (probably, though obviously this depends on future tax policy and other future events), but this is not universally the case.

> you still have the option of directing your money in Vanguard or Vanguard > like ETF's since you are in control of where your 401(k) money goes

Depends on who your employer has managing the 401k and what they offer. This varies a lot.

<comment><USER17> Regardless, you should always max out 401k and IRA every year. Because you only get taxed with those once, it's better. Investing your after tax income into something that will get taxed /again/ is not optimal compared to 401k and IRA.

<comment><USER18> It may be better in some cases to hold onto the cash rather than locking it up in a retirement account in order to build up a cash buffer and avoid the penalty for an early withdrawal in case of emergency expenses.

<comment><USER17> Sure, but I'm not assuming such weird scenarios.

You're supposed to have your emergency fund completely built up _before_ you save for retirement.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> [http://mrmoneymustache.com/](http://mrmoneymustache.com/)

</comment><comment><USER20> I spend all my extra income investing in cryptocurrency. But I don't make a lot of money at my job like you guys, I'm a cancer researcher, not a programmer. I live very simply, drive an old (1996) used car I like, and don't buy a lot of extravagances. I need cryptocurrency to succeed so I can retire someday or be able to afford having a family. My crypto portfolio is currently worth more than I make in a year and has given me great hope for the future. That hope and potential freedom has outweighed any of the stupid things I used to spend my money on.

<comment><USER21> Have you considered investing in assets that are less speculative and risky than cryptocurrency? I would strongly recommend you think about diversifying your portfolio so that you don't lose everything if it turns out we're in a crypto bubble and it all comes crashing down.

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> I tried to save 20% of my gross pay: 10% into tax-advantaged vehicles (like a company 401-K or IRA); and 10% into regular taxable accounts. For the latter I opened a brokerage account and set up a direct deposit to it from my paycheck. Keep emergency savings in a money market fund. Then buy shares of an index fund (or two).

I started (back in the 1980s) with a 2-3% savings rate at first. As I found ways to economize, I could save more. And as I got raises, I tried to save most of each raise. After about 4-5 years, I was up to 20%.

The taxable part could be used for large expenses, like a car or down payment on a house. The tax-advantaged savings accumulated until I retired in 2016.

EDIT: During my working years, besides the usual family expenses, I bought books, lectures from the Great Courses, and a second master's degree. Now I have more time to make use of all of these.

</comment><comment><USER23> I try to save as much of it as possible and invest it aggressively into things I find interesting (mostly in the public/private markets). Making money is fun but investing and growing it is even more fun for me since I don't need much money to live day-to-day. Investing also helps me develop a worldview and check it against reality which is a really cool feedback loop. Most of my strategies are incredibly simple and involve a broad conviction of where the world is going rather than digging into the super nitty gritty details of every quarterly report - I always invest long-term and I never ever day trade. In fact, I've never held an investment shorter than 1.5 years or so. Needless to say, I've done really really well in the bull market of the past couple of years.

Most of my day to day expenses are probably food and rent as is common in San Francisco. I also buy nicer clothes, computers/gadgets or spend a little more on hobbies or travel (subsidized through credit card points churning, which is another fun game if you can afford to play it). But overall I try not to cross over into irrational, needless spending. I mostly have everything I could ever want in the world. Most of my problems are now internal and existential, which is a blessing (and a curse).

</comment><comment><USER24> Buying yourself time is generally considered a great use of money, and I've seen research to back that up. That might mean using a home-cleaning service or choosing to work fewer days a year, as examples. I hate cooking, so I spend some of my extra income on a meal prep service.

If you have cash beyond your rainy-day fund, you should just put it into some dumb ETFs, as Warren Buffett recommends[1]. Active investments are mostly gambling, but if you love the lifestyle involved in that gambling (as many of us entrepreneurs do) then even losing money might still lead to a fulfilling life.

You might also consider working toward saving enough that you can retire and live off the interest. People refer to this as financial independence and there are lots of communities[2] and tools to help people achieve it without inheriting wealth or betting on startups/stocks/etc.

1\. [https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/02/26/warren-buffett- jus...](https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/02/26/warren-buffett-just- revealed-the-best-investment-m.aspx)

2\. [https://www.reddit.com/r/financialindependence/](https://www.reddit.com/r/financialindependence/)

<comment><USER25> This is a good point. When we bought a house I immediately got gardener for twice a month because I hate yard work and it was easier than buying a lawn mower and later deciding I don't want to deal with it.

We also now have a housekeeper come to clean house once a month, which is SO nice because she does it better and (frankly, sadly) more often than we ever managed to on our own. I feel like a failed adult not being able to clean up after myself, but there's too much else to do in life, and we don't even have kids. All in all, that's $2500 really well spent considering what a tiny fraction it is of our dual income.

</comment></comment><comment><USER26> For a very long time I was saving a lot, even over 50% of every paycheck. I was renting a room, even if I could easily rent whole flat. I was spending my money mostly on food, clothes and sometimes I bought electronic gadgets. I didn't even had a driving licence, cause I thought owning the car is an unnecessary expense.

Now I own used BMW, so I spend a piece of money on fuel and casual fixes. I also spend greater amount of money on branded clothes. I buy a lot of books, which I am currently addicted to. I'm 32 single guy with decent salary, but I still rent a room, instead of a flat. I still buy electronic gadgets and I pay more for them, than before. I don't cook, so I either eat outside or order catering for whole day. I don't intend to invest my money. I just want to live my life, learn science, read books, play with my cat, meet with friends and develop my pet projects. I use time as currency, so I'd rather pay someone to clean my flat or fix the car, even if I could easily do it by myself. There are months, when I can spend more than I earned, but usually I can save even %40 of my paycheck. And BTW I'd rather call myself a geek, than nerd. But it was nice, to share my thoughts ;)

</comment><comment><USER27> You're not alone. Money management is taught to depressingly few people in this country. If you're new to having significant amounts of disposable income (congratulations!), here are my thoughts:

1) Take a little time and write down what your values are. There are lots of things you could do with money. You could invest it to retire early. You could invest it in yourself in any number of ways (education, exercise, therapy, whatever is important to you). You could use it to provide opportunity to others. You could spend it on hookers and blow. All sorts of things. Decide which ones are most important to you and what proportion of your disposable income you want to allocate to each.

2) Make a budget. Start with the things you really _need_. How much do you need every month for housing and utilities? How much for food? How much do you need to spend on clothing in an average year just to keep yourself warm and dress appropriately for your workplace? On health insurance? How much do you need to set aside in case your car breaks down or you break a bone and need bunch of medical care?

3) Add a buffer to your budget for the unexpected (and the things you forgot when making the initial budget - you can update the budget again next year); and another smaller buffer to indulge yourself a little (a beer with friends after work once a week) but not a lot (table service at a schmancy nightclub every Friday and Saturday). Stick to your budget.

4) Look at what's left over. Save up until you have a rainy day fund that can cover at least 3 months' worth of expenses in case of unemployment.

5) While you're saving this rainy day fund, read up a bit on money management and about various investment vehicles. Early retirement websites are a great resource for this. I'd advise against treating their recommendations as gospel; but they typically will introduce you to a lot of important concepts and have references to tons of great learning resources.

6) Once you have your rainy day fund, your disposable income is available to allocate to the various purposes you defined in your list of values.

You have an advantage here in that you already know how to live on relatively little, and you know the difference between needs and wants. That allows you to focus on spending your money in ways that reflect what you truly value, rather than just on whatever new shiny you decide you "need" just because you _want_ it.

</comment><comment><USER28> Max out your 401k contributions. Automate saving as much as possible and don't touch it. I second the advice about the index fund. Save everything you don't need for monthly expenses.

Take advantage of any tuition reimbursement your company offers and go to college (it sucks but you need that overpriced piece of paper).

Don't scale your lifestyle with your income. As a result of your upbringing don't see eating out, expensive electronics, a fancy car, new furniture in your apartment, hipster beer, fancy close etc. as something you do by default. Keeping your lifestyle minimal and squirreling all your money away will be easier for you than for your "higher class" coworkers.

If it hasn't been said before, don't loan people money you expect them to pay back. It's easier for people to justify stiffing you when they know you make X and they make Y. If you do help you family out do it as a gift, not a loan. It's tempting to help pull your family up with you but you can't do it all at once.

Avoid short term debt. Yes you can optimize credit cards and game the rewards, etc but that's a whole additional thing to track and manage and not something you should be taking on until you're more experienced with your money flow situation. You've got enough money that you don't need to buy stuff on credit anyway.

I'm serious when I say to save (like, in a 401k or index fund, not in a savings account or somewhere you can see and easily access/spend) everything you don't need for expenses less maybe a grand or so a month.

Also, as you get to know the people in the office I think you're likely to find that people in your position are far rarer than you think and that many* of them are women __.

 _relative to tech in general

_ *My observation is that the gender diversity hiring initiatives and intern pipelines (which target women) tend to catch a more economically diverse pool of people than tech hiring in general.

</comment><comment><USER29> I also highly recommend a good financial planner. Not only can they help you with the complicated financial stuff (all the work you might typically expect from a financial planner), they also are experienced at helping you figure out what you care about (and therefore how you should allocate your resources). I find it to be almost like 'financial counseling'.

There was a NYTimes article recently that is sortof on the topic: [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/smarter-living/why-you- sh...](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/smarter-living/why-you-should-hire- a-financial-planner.html)

A good financial planner should be certified (have their CFP), and will offer your first visit completely for free.

</comment><comment><USER30> In addition to some of the other suggestions in this thread, invest in the people you care about, particularly family and friends. Invest not just money, but also share time and expertise. Invest in their education/training, help them towards better employment (maybe help them start a business), help them make progress towards their goals. Help them "expand the pie" and make them understand that you want them to pay it forward. It's easy to forget this when using an individualistic lens, but friends and family could be your best safety net in tough times -- this is probably the only investment that is also invested in your growth and well-being. Done well for a couple of generations, this is often what seeds "privilege".

</comment><comment><USER31> Honestly, save / invest as much as you possibly can.

I have a wife and children, we have everything we need, most things that we want, nothing spectacular (sensible, yet very nice, vehicles, bicycles, home with interior upgrades, extra amenities, etc) - our taste is fairly plain. We take a vacation with family every year to save money there.

I guess the point is, live comfortably, get the extra stuff, sensibly, but save. Because you just never know.

</comment><comment><USER32> Calculate the number of years you'd need to work at your current savings rate before you can "retire early" or be financially independent. The following formula is something I adopted from finance blogs and is just an enlightening simplification.

E/S * 25 = Y

Where: E: Your yearly expenses.

S: Your yearly after tax savings.

Y: The number of additional years you need to work

Implications: -If you spend and save an equal amount you have about 25 years of work to go.

-If you save many multiples of what you spend, you may have just a few more years of work left before you are never obligated to work again.

-If you save just a fraction of what you spend, then early retirement is not looking so good.

-Every dollar per year you spend in early retirement will need at least 25 dollars backing it up in your nest egg.

-Spending more money means you are obligated to work a hell of a lot harder and longer. (Which is not always an option in bubbly, ageist fields like tech)

Assumptions: -Expenses and Savings stay constant throughout your life.

-You put your money into an index fund that nets 7%, 3% of which goes to keeping up with inflation, 4% of which is your safe withdrawal rate (which is also where the constant, 25, comes from).

-Your current bank balance is 0.

</comment><comment><USER33> * Pay off literally all debts.

* Make sure you're contributing as much as gets matched to your 401k if you have one.

* Open a Roth IRA and contribute the max at $5500/year.

* 10% of income to good causes and/or fighting the power. For example, I'm a DSA member and an ACLU monthly donor.

* If you're not over 20-30% of your income yet, start throwing stuff in more Vanguard index funds at the full tax rates.

</comment><comment><USER34> I wouldn't worry too much about what you do with your money, honestly. Sure, get some financials going, a 401k, a roth, some index or mutual funds, whatever, but don't waste a lot of mental energy worrying if you're extracting the maximum value from it. Make it something auto-deducted that you don't even think about. Be surprised at your quarterly statements when you bother to look at them. After all, what's the point in having all this dosh if all you do is worry about crap all the time?

In the meantime, find out what you really want from life. I find a lot of people spend money on a bunch of junk that they not only don't need, but don't even really want. They just thought it would make them happy, or felt the need to keep up with their peers, or imagined some unlikely future scenario where they'd need it. Spend money on what you really want to spend money on, whatever brings you joy and satisfaction, and let the other stuff slide.

</comment><comment><USER35> Plan so you can live comfortably, then with the excess, fund people doing things you consider important, if they're open to contributions. Sponsor schools and community stuff.

Accumulation of wealth beyond the reasonable needs of yourself and dependents is pointless.

Full disclosure I don't have the income for this yet so I can't offer experience just opinion.

<comment><USER36> But what about early retirement?

I don't want to work until I'm 65. I'd rather work hard now, and be aggressive or "greedy" about my salary, so that I can retire earlier and fund things for my future family. That's the point of accumulation of wealth.

<comment><USER37> I think you need to be realistic about what "early retirement" means. To a lot of people this just means spending their time not at a desk job. Instead they spend their time making money (maybe less money but still some) in different ways. Ways they find more pleasurable. If that's the case you don't need to save all the money you'll ever need for the rest of your life by the time you're 50 because you're not spending your remaining 50 years doing literally nothing.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER38> I don't spend it on anything different. I save the money.

</comment><comment><USER39> 1) Savings, but not too much (~10%.) 2) Guitars. More of a noodler than a player, started cheap (Ibanez) but now have my first Gibbie (an LP Studio, still allergic to $2000+ guitars.) 3) Home Improvements. I had a new driveway and garage floor poured recently so my car lift would stay put. Looking to remodel my master bath this year or next. 4) Cars. Have a derelict GTO and an older Blazer along with my daily driver. 5) Donations. About $1000 / year, most of it donated around the end of the year.

None of these are particulary sound investments except #1. Here are some other ways I plan to spend my money -

1) Skills. Both computer and non-computer. 2) Travel. My tastes here are rather pedestrian - beaches, mountains, Western Europe.

</comment><comment><USER25> I max out my 401k, I max out ESPP and put that into savings once they hit the qualifying disposition mark, (ditto with RSUs), I have a stupid silicon valley mortgage, I like fast cars, and I like to travel. But of course, there's more money for travel than time, which is the biggest problem.

I don't really have other expensive 'hobbies'. I don't eat out much, my wine clubs are very reasonable/modest ones, I'm not so much into motorcycles anymore, my carbon road bicycle is 10 years old, etc etc. I don't regularly buy new computers/electronics/etc, but when I do I buy something really nice and keep it for a decade. Not a gamer, not hugely into A/V stuff, etc.

</comment><comment><USER40> I'm still a student so I don't have too much expendable income to be putting it into things that I want to but I do like to invest in the stock market. I've been able to maintain ~30% roi (beginners luck?) which I then use to travel. But as a black man too, I believe in investing back into the community. Especially programs you wish you had when you were younger. One of my goals is to go to local schools and pay some of the children's school lunch debts. Its ultimately your choice but look around see which ideas you like and implement them. Be smart with it too. And kudos for the journey you've went through, not enough of us in that field.

</comment><comment><USER41> There's an Economist article about how the spending habits of the rich people have shifted over time in the US.

Today, they spend less money (in relative terms) on fancy cars and watches, and more money on things that are less visible but more (what they consider) valuable: kids' education, hiring private chefs and maids (because they tend to be time-strapped), luxury gym membership with personal trainer, etc.

[https://www.economist.com/news/books-and- arts/21725751-new-b...](https://www.economist.com/news/books-and- arts/21725751-new-book-looks-how-expenditure-has-changed-among-americas- affluent-modern-american)

</comment><comment><USER42> I'd like to suggest donating money to causes/organizations you believe in, whether that's locally, in the US, or abroad. If you have excess, why not use a bit of that to help someone else? (Plus, it's often tax deductible.)

</comment><comment><USER15> You want to keep a few months living expenses away in a Rainy day fund. I actually kept much more and it helped me 2 times greatly:

* I was laid off from my first job; I had more than enough saved to ride out the couple of months I spent searching for a job. It was actually a nice vacation.

* I'm currently moving to SF for a new job. They do pay for relo, signing bonus etc. but you get the cash only after you start working. You need that liquidity to pay for moving, security deposit/rent etc.

After the rainy day fund, follow the great advice others have said and invest aggressively in ETF's with very low admin costs. I'm personally a huge fan of Vanguard Admiral Shares.

</comment><comment><USER43> I follow a pretty aggressive saving pattern for early retirement, but after that I really enjoy spending money on hobbies and travel. (Shout out the reddit community of FIRE) Travel helps me avoid burnout on the job, and expand my worldview. Hobby wise I really enjoy building mechanical keyboards. Its a really close knit hobbyist community. Be careful though the really high end stuff can cost quite a bit of money. But yeah overall, you need to save and be responsible, but at the same time you can't take it with you. Life is meant to be enjoyed, and money opens up some really unique and special experiences for you.

<comment><USER44> I also like to travel as often as I can. What do you do to maximize your travel time and "expand your worldview"?

</comment></comment><comment><USER45> The article and comments here may be helpful to you:

How and Why Athletes Go Broke (2009)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16341848](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16341848)

</comment><comment><USER46> I tell myself I have just a lower middle class wage to spend, even if it is a bit more. I like to think of my thrifty spending as a way to keep in touch with the reality of people of more humble means.

What you earn more than a cashier, the Moroccan cleaning lady or the Mexican strawberry picker is your lucky lottery ticket. They can survive without. You too can probably.

Investing the surplus is a simple technical question. Read up on the subject.

Donate some of the (returns on the) surplus. Not because you have to. Because it will make you happy.

</comment><comment><USER47> While I think the community at r/personalfinance tends to overdo it sometimes, I find their wiki of "how to handle $" to be extremely helpful.

[https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/commontopics](https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/commontopics).

That helped me figure out what some of my options were for managing money beyond what I was aware of (which was basically just "savings account" or spend it).

</comment><comment><USER48> It may seem like a lot of money if it's more than you've ever had before, but in the scheme of things it's not a real lot. I've heard loads of horror stories about athletes actors and lottery winners ending up broke because they underestimate how easy it is to use up. If I were in your position I'd live modestly, avoid crazy investment schemes, and manage my money like a normal person. (P.S. I'm a white guy from a middle class background.)

</comment><comment><USER12> \- food (i cook and frequent farmers markets) $200/mo

\- gas $50/mo

\- car repairs $100/mo

\- personal products $25/mo

\- old-school unlimited LTE plan $135/mo

\- paid off iPhone 6S $0/month

\- paid off MBP A1278 $0/month

\- paid off 85 VW Westfalia $0/month

\- not paying rent, hoa or a mortgage priceless

\- Spotify $10/mo

\- Netflix $14/mo

\- VPN $8/mo

\- EFF $20/mo

\- ACLU $20/mo

\- Costco Executive $10/mo

\- (if I flew more) Priority Pass

\- sbux $20/mo

\- RO water subscription $1/mo

\- upscale gym w towels, private showers and not crowded $60/mo

\- health insurance $350/mo

All-in, my total expenses are conservatively no more than $20k/yr USD.

Everything else goes to revenue generating assets.

</comment><comment><USER49> They say 90% of millionaires make it from real estate. Even though real estate is high right now, you've gotta save and wait for opportunity.

</comment><comment><USER50> Index funds, cryptocurrency, really good sushi, and synthesizers and other music software I don't really need. That's pretty much it.

</comment><comment><USER51> I live like a dirtbag and most of the money I spend goes to whitewater kayaking and plane tickets. I save/invest most of my income.

</comment><comment><USER52> I spend the most on buying free time. If I didn't value my free time so much, I would try to buy income generating assets.

</comment><comment><USER53> I will say that my best investment by far has been real estate, followed by typical 401k index funds. (Pre-IPO stock options have been hit or miss.)

The best advice I can give is to live below your means; it doesn't mean you have to deny yourself everything, but going out 5x/week vs 2x/week really does add up over the years.

</comment><comment><USER54> I am incredibly shocked by how much money I am making, more than I expected when growing up, obviously, but more than I expected even when entering the industry.

I think everybody else is giving good advice, so here's something I always heard was maybe a bad idea, but so far I don't regret: Friends and family hitting me up for money. I've given a few people loans, one very large (40K, cancer debt). Hasn't been a problem, one wasn't paid back, and that's OK. When you loan a friend 1K because he's homeless, mainly you're just glad he's not homeless anymore, I would have just given him it, but he preferred a loan. His situation is still precarious, years later. But I guess you have to make that judgement for yourself, I'm not having acquaintances ask me for money for a new TV or something.

I target giving 10% of my income to charity each year. [https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/](https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/) is a site that advocates for this. I usually fall short just from forgetfulness.

I also got the standard yuppie hobby of photography (and vintage lenses, though the cheaper ones).

</comment><comment><USER55> Get your IRA funding started asap. For my spending since 1998 I've spent over 100k on amazon. Paid off my land. Rest Goes to tools and toys. I try and save 15% of every check to my savings account aka betterment.com. also have year supply of canned food and shotgun ammo.

</comment><comment><USER56> "To boot, I don't even have a college degree. I've been extremely lucky, and I'm ridiculously grateful..."

Just want to commend you on your attitude toward your success. I firmly believe that being thankful for, and conscious of your 'luck' begets more luck!

</comment><comment><USER57> I work part-time and I don't spend all that much. I'm living with people who earn enough to not have any financial worries. We're currently paying down the mortgage but are looking into donating or lending to other projects who have a hard time getting funds.

</comment><comment><USER58> I save 15% for retirement, I save 10% for college/trade school/other for my 3 kids.

I race in the 24 Hours of Lemons ([http://waitwhat.racing](http://waitwhat.racing)). We also like to ride quads and dirtbikes and camp to do so.

</comment><comment><USER59> My suggestion for anyone who wants to get some returns without a lot of work or risk: [https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Three- fund_portfolio](https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Three-fund_portfolio)

</comment><comment><USER60> Before I was married, I did racing and video games. Now it's more taking care of my family and saving.

One of the most rewarding things was giving to charity. Find a cause you're passionate about and see what donating some time or money to it does for them and you.

</comment><comment><USER61> Faster and faster SSD's.. thats what I spend my money on.. :-) [https://www.anandtech.com/tag/ssd](https://www.anandtech.com/tag/ssd) I just hit refresh on that webpage all the time..

</comment><comment><USER62> After all is said and done with my savings and retirement I spend the leftover on my hobby of fishing.

So, if you have any money leftover you should maybe look into picking up a hobby. If you don't want to spend anymore then the default is to save it.

</comment><comment><USER63> It's kind of a cliche at this point, but "experiences" are a good thing to spend money on. Travel, hike, try different or downright weird food, dress up and go to comic con and let people take pictures with you.

</comment><comment><USER64> It's not unreasonable to spend money on a financial planner.

It helped me put an appropriate amount of money into a 401k, and other investment accounts, while having a budget for what I can confidently spend on myself.

<comment><USER65> I've done, I think, a perfectly responsible job of investing money after reading a few articles online. What do you get from paying a planner?

<comment><USER10> If nothing else, it's a check on your thinking. A good one will also look at things from more exotic angles. For example, if you have a lot of stock from an employer, how can you hedge that risk. As life proceeds, finances can get very strange indeed.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER66> Floppy disks, tentacle pr0n, and Ramen

But seriously get a spouse and one or more offspring and the extra money ends up getting invested in family events, college savings, kids' activity fees/gear, etc.

</comment><comment><USER67> Invest as much of your money as you can. I'm investing around 30-40% per year (no family, no kids but I do have a mortgage). At my rate the absolute outer limit of when I'll have to work is 55, but I could easily retire by 50. I don't know if that sounds like a long ways off to you, or that you'll be old at that point, but it's not. I might buy a sailboat at that point and travel the world for a decade.

Being able to see that in the near future I am free of the obligation to work is incredible. I feel this great expansiveness when I think about it, which my non-tech friends absolutely do not have. I recommend using your money to buy your freedom instead of more things.

</comment><comment><USER68> Now that I own a home, a whole bunch of money into that like new garage,yard landscaping, furniture, etc.

Oh, and I'm also spending way too much money on my husband's Eve Online gameplay.

</comment><comment><USER56> As far as investments go, \- Max out 401k \- Max out IRA (if possible) \- Of your remaining investible income: \- 66% in a Vanguard Index Fund \- 33% in a rental property or two

Just a suggestion.

</comment><comment><USER69> The usual things others stated, but add to that adequate disability and life insurance.

</comment><comment><USER70> Mechanical keyboards. (Abandon all hope, ye who enter here.)

</comment><comment><USER71> I am planning to buy a FPGA board in my next appraisal.

</comment><comment><USER72> Failed business and investment opportunities! ;)

</comment><comment><USER73> i buy drugs, expensive clothes, investments, eat out a lot. also in my twenties and don't really know what to do either.

</comment><comment><USER17> I don't know how much you make or where you're living. It could be you're one of the many on HN that is making over $300k/yr with just a few years of experience. That said, I'm 27. About 5 years in now as well. I live in the bay area and work at a startup. I'm definitely underpaid by a sizable amount. Anyone at google or fb is making more than me.

I think the first things I used to buy were furnishings, cooking equipment, computer upgrades, a tv, a bicycle, a newer car, a motorcycle, tools, a fitted suit, and so on... Just whatever interested me. Spending $2-3,000/month on "non-essentials" feels like it happens every other month. It's a lot but it happens because I have a lot of interests. I ride the bicycle to work and so that made sense to buy. (I also sometimes enjoy bicycling) I watch movies and shows on the TV. I play demanding PC games. I like to cook all kinds of stuff. I like having a mattress that isn't 25 years old and doesn't hurt my back. My last car was totaled and I'd been borrowing cars for a year. So I decided to buy a BMW 135is because I wanted one for so long and I like sporty convertible cars. I bought a motorcycle because I've wanted one for a decade. I bought tools because I work on _everything_ by myself. I bought suits because it's one of the few things I look good in.

I spend the money on what I like to do. Money is definitely my most limited resource these days because I happen to like a lot of things and those things be expensive. I like my car but I'd sure love to have a GT3RS. I like my motorcycle but a S1000RR or R1M would sure be more exciting. I can take decent photos with my camera but the tech is a 8 years old and the noise in low light is terrible. I'd love a new L lens or a A7Riii to take some better low light photos or better portraits or nice strobes to get better lighting.

What I'm saying is that my demands seem to be a lot larger than yours, I guess. Be glad yours isn't and keep it that way. Save as much as you can for as long as you can. It's definitely better to be satiated than starving. I also don't live a "FIRE" lifestyle because that's not my goal. I want to live a bit while I'm young. I want to be able to drive fast and ride motorcycles and do all the things before I feel like I don't have the option to anymore. (And depending on your future spouse and future standard of living, this could be a real issue!)

I still max out my 401k and IRA every year. I still save more on top of that because it's not enough to meet retirement goals. I try to save 20-25% of my pre-tax income every year. 401k+IRA isn't enough to meet that so I have to save a decent amount of post-tax money. I typically invest in vanguard index funds. Pretty straight forward. You can use their target retirement funds to just get started.

If I was making over $500k/yr, I think that's when I'd start to feel like I made a lot of money. But, where I live, even that doesn't feel like a lot because that's the level of income that's just barely enough to buy a updated house where I live.

A long time ago, $100k/yr sounded like a lot. I grew up in a _very_ rural area with _very_ low incomes. But, now, it sounds like pennies because houses where I am are regularly $2,000,000+ and they're like 1500sqft on a 4500sqft lot with 1930-50's construction.

</comment><comment><USER74> For context: 27 and also a software engineer.

If you do invest (and it's a good idea), make sure to account for liquidity requirements.

For example, most people don't realize that if a substantial portion of their wealth has equity exposure and the market experiences a correction, their money is effectively illiquid (because selling at or near the trough would be foolish). You don't want to be caught in this situation while simultaneously having to pay for a wedding/car/home downpayment/initialization capital for a business.

So, think ahead about your anticipated liquidity requirements when you decide how you're going to invest. And always assume you have no idea what the market is going to do.

By the way, the correlation between most asset classes and the broader market skyrockets during corrections. In other words, most asset classes you might have exposure to will also dip during a downturn. Keep this in mind when deciding how to structure your allocations.

Personally, my purchases fall into a handful of categories:

\- Inexpensive, non-recurring (or infrequent): books, classes/meetups, clothes, one-off trips, etc

\- Inexpensive, recurring: subscriptions (Netflix, Spotify, HBOGo, Amazon Prime), coffee, the marginal cost of higher quality food and usually pre- prepared, vitamins, cleaning service, and some other things that improve wellbeing or buy back my time

\- Expensive, recurring: rent

\- Expensive, non-recurring: trips/vacations

I generally don't worry too much about the 'Inexpensive' categories because they're typically not worth adjusting. If you ever do a comprehensive financial self-assessment, you'll see that being pennywise is a losing game just based on the numbers and therefore not even worth the stress/extra effort. Just don't be unreasonably penny foolish and you're fine. In my case, I don't drink and I don't really like expensive meals, so I save a lot of money right there.

I try to keep my rent as low as possible. That's the easiest thing to optimize. Having a smaller space is actually useful as it forces you to be outside more often.

I almost never balk at spending on experiences or trips; in fact, I consider those the best expenditures by far.

I do not (and probably will not for the foreseeable future) have a car, a mortgage, or a wedding (not planning to get married any time soon; have decided it's worth delaying in my case).

Two things in the next 3-5 years I might need money for: initialization capital for a business (if a side hustle matures) and backpacking/traveling expenses. I'm hoping to go off for at least 3-6 months at some point in the next 2-3 years.

Savings and investment rate is above $50K per year. I usually go 40% in the market and 60% high yield savings + bonds. That's on the low side because I anticipate needing cash on hand in the next 3-5 years.

</comment><comment><USER75> insurance, diapers, food, rent, bicycle parts, 529, and mutual funds.

</comment><comment><USER76> S&P 500 shares

</comment><comment><USER77> Collecting Teslas

</comment><comment><USER78> Put 5% of your savings into something high risk, like Monero. Then forget about it for 10 years.</comment>


A Wait-Free Stack - <AUTHOR> https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.00116 <comment><USER2> I already wrote wait-free stack [https://gist.github.com/kumagi/d259274270fdc1385f81](https://gist.github.com/kumagi/d259274270fdc1385f81) It is much difficult than lock-free stack. [https://gist.github.com/kumagi/b9a4715b1ce0dd511922](https://gist.github.com/kumagi/b9a4715b1ce0dd511922)

And published as book(in Japanese sorry) [http://longgate.co.jp/books/grimoire- vol3.html](http://longgate.co.jp/books/grimoire-vol3.html)

<comment><USER3> You call malloc in your implementation -- you realize that memory allocation takes lock at some point, right? To make it truly lock or wait free you need to implement a corresponding memory allocator as well.

<comment><USER4> With that reasoning, you should write your own kernel too -- you realize that the kernel scheduler will take locks at some point, right?

I think that malloc is a sufficiently abstract operation here that its implementation shouldn't constitute whether the algorithm as a whole is lock- free or not.

<comment><USER5> Lock-free algorithms don't usually depend on an OS being present. They could just as easily run in an environment that has no scheduler. But if the algorithm calls malloc, that is a hard dependency.

If an algorithm depends on malloc, it needs to prove that lock-free/wait-free malloc() exists before calling itself lock/wait-free.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> So uhm the top 2 link of HN in the last 5 hours have been about this and while they are highly voted there is very little discussion going. Can someone give some context as to why this is attracting so much (surely deserved) attention? How will this affect us? Is it likely to have a deep effect on general computing performances? In what ways will this be applied? I'm sorry if this are silly questions but I find interesting the lack of discussion going on.

<comment><USER7> I remember the topic of lock free data structures from my time working with C++ a few years ago.

C++ is a lot about performance. To do things quicker you create threads which execute code in parallel physically. Since they mess up when working on the same data structure (e.g. a stack) at the same time locks were introduced. So when pushing a new element onto a stack you acquire the lock, perform the push and free the lock. Unfortunately, of that whole operation acquiring/freeing the lock takes 99% of the time. Thus lock-free data structures were developed which magically did not need locking and thus could operate blazingly fast. I understand the article now introduces a lock-free stack.

As I understand these data structures have no effects on multi-system environments and can only be applied to a single system. This is because they rely on atomic CPU operations that are not available (natively) on distributed systems.

How does that affect us? Not much I guess. I have never seen those data structures widely used. In my understanding almost no application benefits noticably(!) from the speed up. Maybe games, but I don't think so. Nonetheless it is always nice to see basic building blocks improved.

<comment><USER8> Lock free != wait free

> As I understand these data structures have no effects on multi-system > environments and can only be applied to a single system

I have no idea where to even begin with this statement. By this logic, no optimizations should be made to operations in a single threaded or single process environment. Distributing computation helps you achieve scale and HURTS latency except for extremely long running tasks.

And yes in games these sorts of things REALLY matter. Things are measured in tens to hundreds of microseconds and optimized accordingly. Not just games, but have you noticed how slow software has gotten of late? Deep learning, rendering, neural networks, AI, etc. Heck, even the browser that I'm typing this in is slow as shit and likely using far more memory than it is supposed to. What about compilers? Those things use trees, stacks, queues, etc and are getting slower all the time. It's the attitude that programmers don't need to care about this stuff that will permanently separate, in my opinion, engineers at the top of the curve from the rest.

<comment><USER7> Sorry, but that optimization elitarism does not get anyone anywhere. Most software written today is quite high level, be it the >2 million apps or the >1 billion websites. In my household neither the smoke detector, toaster or washing mashine needs faster executed code.

I understand where you are coming from but for optimizations such low level considerations should be among the last because they matter so little. Most of the time an additional caching structure or the like solves any performance issues.

<comment><USER8> I mention in my reply specific applications where performance really does matter. I don't understand why issuing the strawman of pointing to things that I also trivially acknowledge are not performance sensitive really helps any.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Make sure you check out Appendix A at the end of the paper (Asymptotic Worst- Case Time Complexity), in case you imagined the name "stack" implies constant- time push/pop performance. This data structure is only a "stack" in the sense that it provides last-in-first-out access.

<comment><USER10> Is it possible for a contended concurrent stack accessed by an arbitrary number of threads to have guaranteed constant-time operations? I wouldn't think that was a realistic expectation.

<comment><USER11> A lock-based stack can be O(M) in number of threads accessing it. Judging by the abstract (haven't read the paper) this is O(N) in the size of the stack.

<comment><AUTHOR> "in terms of the number of concurrent threads in the system (N), the actual size of the stack(S) and the parameter W ... as soon as W consecutive nodes get marked ... the worst case time complexity of the pop operation is O(NWS)"

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> I'm not sure I see what's novel about this - maybe it's a verbiage thing around "wait free," but if they're atomically updating the top pointer and linked list, there will be lock contention on writes, and similarly when marking an item popped, on reads. I suppose the contention is bounded by the number of readers or writers, but I wouldn't consider that wait free (again, that could just be a verbiage thing). But, more to the point, this is just a slight twist on how Kafka works (stack vs log / queue, but same with the pointer holding place and a cleanup operation), I don't really see it as particularly novel...perhaps I'm missing something?

<comment><USER13> A "wait free" data structure has a specific technical definition so yes, in some ways the novelty in this is that it meets that verbiage.

Lock free stacks have been around since at least the 80s but I haven't seen a general wait free stack before (though I'm no expert).

In neither this paper or the classic lock free stacks do you have lock contention on writes as you are using CAS operations.

I'm having a little trouble parsing the algo in this paper, but what they seem to have added that is novel is their cleanup function will always complete in a finite number of steps, thus making the whole thing both wait free and bounded, which is pretty neat.

In any case, with wait free structures generally implementation details matter a lot and stacks are pretty notoriously hard to handle because of the contention around the top node, as opposed to something like an append only log like Kafka uses, so that particular comparison is not fair.

<comment><USER14> > In neither this paper or the classic lock free stacks do you have lock > contention on writes as you are using CAS operations.

Given that real-world locks are most often implemented using CAS, is this distinction a valuable one? In either case you have contention on a memory location between multiple threads trying to modify that memory location.

<comment><USER15> Yes, it is a real distinction. In lock-free algorithms, progress is guaranteed. If they are not wait-free, then they tend to update some values, then try to commit those values with CAS. If the CAS fails, they try again. Wait-free algorithms do the first part, but on the failure, they don't try again, they go off and do something different. All threads can make progress, even if some thread is suspended or dies; no thread has exclusive access to modify the state.

In lock-based algorithms, that is not the case; the thread with the lock can be suspended, killed, or go off on a wild goose chase, and the progress of the algorithm cannot continue. Only that thread may modify the state, and the rest must wait.

<comment><USER16> You did not imply otherwise and your description is great, but I wanted to clarify that an algorithm that retries a CAS can still be lock-free (just not wait free) if the failed CAS implies some other thread made progress.

<comment><USER15> Yes, absolutely.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> The first few lines of pop() are:

      mytop <- top.get()
      curr <- mytop
      while curr != sentinel do
        mark <- curr.mark.getAndSet(true)
        ...

What's keeping curr from becoming a dangling pointer if the size of the stack is bounded?

</comment><comment><USER18> What is a wait-free stack?

<comment><USER19> Wait-freedom is described in the introduction. Quote:

There are three levels of progress guarantees for non-blocking data structures. A concurrent object is:

\- obstruction-free if a thread can perform an arbitrary operation on the object in a finite number of steps when it executes in isolation,

\- lock-free if some thread performing an arbitrary operation on the object will complete in a finite number of steps, or

\- wait-free if every thread can perform an arbitrary operation on the object in a finite number of steps.

Wait-freedom is the strongest progress guarantee; it rules out the possibility of starvation for all threads. Wait-free data structures are particularly desirable for mission critical applications that have real-time constraints, such as those used by cyber-physical systems.

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> I love papers but I love it more when their code is in github :) thanks for sharing!

<comment><AUTHOR> Yeah, I'd love to see implementation too. Even better - implementation in some lib with comparison of performance

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> How often would you find a situation where lock free data queue or stack would bring huge performance gains? Usually bad performance comes from a poor choice of data structure(s), bad data locality or by locking is too coarse or too fine causing livelocks/convoys/excessive context switches etc. What I'm saying is that using lock free or wait free algorithm is not a panacea.

</comment><comment><USER21> More discussion on pdf link

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12109219](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12109219)

<comment><USER22> Different paper - queue vs stack. Confused me as well.

</comment></comment><comment><USER23> Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't this already described in The Art of Multi Processor Programming?

[https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0123973376/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?ie=...](https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0123973376/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1468773145&sr=8-1&pi=SY200_QL40)

<comment><USER10> No? It has a lock-free stack though.

</comment></comment><comment><USER24> > Subsequently, it is lazily deleted by a cleanup operation.

So, it's wait free until this happens?

<comment><USER13> No, the cleanup operation is also wait free, which they claim is what makes this novel.

<comment><USER25> Ah, they should really have put that in the description because otherwise this doesn't seem like that great of an achievement.</comment></comment></comment>


Show HN: 1000 ideas - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/napolux/1000ideas <comment><USER2> I would like to give individual feedback on some ideas, but there is not an easy way to do it. Perhaps the next idea should be about a tool that enabled this kind of feedback-sharing (I want feedback on my ideas too).

<comment><USER3> >> I would like to give individual feedback on some ideas, but there is not an easy way to do it.

How about openning an issue (one per idea)? I'd be glad to read comments and probably take part in discussions, too.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> If doing it via Github, perhaps make each idea a Github issue? The debate/feedback/dialog can then just be comments?

<comment><AUTHOR> Makes sense. I don't really want to debate the ideas. They're just output of my "idea muscle" for everyone to share, elaborate, implement.

</comment></comment><comment><USER2> Perhaps it is better to use something like [https://workflowy.com/](https://workflowy.com/) to exercise your idea muscle. You can also make your ideas public that way.

<comment><AUTHOR> I've found every app I've tried somehow difficult to be used. Using a stupid json file makes me think a bit about what I'm writing. But probably you're right :D

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> This is cool. Also a fan of the James Altucher (sp?) book. Agree on making it easier to let people comment/crowdsource review components of the idea... I think that would catch on if it was easily accessible... maybe when it gets bigger you'll want to organize by category. Maybe a public Trello board would be good for this.

<comment><AUTHOR> Just starting, but probably you're right about making them more accessible.

<comment><USER5> awesome. good luck!

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER2> Very difficult to browse. Perhaps idea folders should have more descriptive titles.

<comment><AUTHOR> There are links in the README. But thanks for pointing it out :)

</comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> Just started to figure out the mechanism behind my idea muscle, but I would like some feedbacks on what I'm doing right now. It's not a big deal, but it's an exercise of my "idea muscle".</comment>


Show HN: DataHub, open source datasets for Artificial Intelligence - <AUTHOR> Hi HN!
I am an undergrad student trying to build interesting things with AI.
Recently, I was looking for a dataset I could use for a new project. I realized that it is really frustrating to go through all the government websites (with terrible UX) just to find some usable dataset.
I set out to build a GitHub for datasets, named DataHub. Right now, we have more than 1000 datasets from Montréal and New York City, with more cities coming soon (and possible government agencies).
All of this is wrapped into a powerful search. It's a breeze to find a dataset to work on.
I'd be interested to know what you guys are looking at when searching for datasets and if DataHub could be of any help!
https://datahub.now.sh/ <comment><USER2> Very cool! The interface is really beautiful and I would love if data.gov was formatted like this.

What is your strategy for acquiring these datasets? Are you going to pull them from data.gov and other websites?

What happens if those datasets are changed on data.gov, will you detect that?

<comment><AUTHOR> Hi!

For now, I only save the links to the data on other websites. This way, the data is always up to date.

In order to acquire those datasets, I wrote a couple of scrapers using chromeless.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> There's a typo. "Datahub has more then 1200 datasets" should read "Datahub has more than 1200 datasets"

<comment><AUTHOR> Thank you! I'll fix it right now

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Nice work. You definitely should get in touch with the Dat Project folks. There are several of them on the core team and in the community who are actively scraping government websites for open data.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks! I've never heard of them, will get in touch!

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Would love to use this once there's some kind of public health / medical data of some sort!

<comment><AUTHOR> Just added US Health Data (around 2,000 datasets): [https://datahub.now.sh/u/ushealthgov](https://datahub.now.sh/u/ushealthgov)

I'd love to get your feedback on this!</comment></comment>


Changes to my life as a result of just four weeks of daily meditation - <AUTHOR> https://medium.com/@philipkd/8-changes-to-my-life-after-just-4-weeks-of-meditation-535bbab183d5

<comment><AUTHOR> This is revised and updated from my original post nearly 4 years ago on Hacker News:

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2246457](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2246457)

I've now compiled this into a book of 82 letters showing my progression from ages 14 through 30. I started with classic self-help books like Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People (great book) and Stephen Covey's 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (not-so-great), but eventually got into what I believe is the ultimate self-improvement: meditation.</comment>


David Lynch's TV commercials (2017) - <AUTHOR> https://lwlies.com/articles/david-lynch-tv-commercials/ <comment><USER2> David Lynch also made a little known TV series called _On the Air_.[1]

At its best it was full of black humor and characteristic Lynchian weirdness.

Here are a couple of my favorite episodes: [2], [3]

[1] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Air_%28TV_series%29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Air_%28TV_series%29)

[2] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtCMq1IKYTs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtCMq1IKYTs)

[3] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueL4ebNq6mU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueL4ebNq6mU)

<comment><USER3> I haven't seen that for 25 years. Thanks for posting. I loved it so much back then.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> David Lynch Cooks Quinoa is one of my favorites:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSP- ewdJYJc](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSP-ewdJYJc)

<comment><USER5> The description of the train at night, stopping in Yugoslavia, was amazing. So many details, you can almost see him imagining a movie scene right there.

"Moths were flipping and flying like frogs. Frog moths, were pulling themselves out of the earth..."

Those who watched Twin Peaks: The Return might recognize the connection between the 8th episode and the frog moths.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> The "Parisienne cigarettes" ad is near identical to parts of Twin Peaks Season 3, "got a light?"

<comment><USER7> Yeah, I was about to comment about this one. The set is very similar to the "convenience store" as it appears in The Return (if not exactly the same).

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I still remember the vivid and strange experience when I watched Lynch's masterpiece TV show 'Twin Peaks'. Just an amazing experience! I have also enjoyed his films such as 'Blue Velvet' and 'Mulholland Drive'. When watching Lynch's shows and movies I feel his creations are similar to that of Stanley Kubrick.

<comment><USER9> Mulholland Drive, hell yes. The diner scene was unforgettable!

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UozhOo0Dt4o](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UozhOo0Dt4o)

So ridiculous but so good.

<comment><USER10> "I think that horror following technology in its development is a dead end. We had horror films about TV, now there are films about the web, but in fifty years only scholars of culture will look at them. Meanwhile, people who want to be scared will still watch the scene from Mulholland Drive with the bum peeking around the corner. But that scene could equally be filmed in 1930 or 2030." (Alexey Karaulov)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> I was going to say that "Opium" wouldn't fly as a perfume name in 2019, but apparently Yves Saint Laurent still sells it:

[https://www.yslbeautyus.com/fragrance/womens- fragrances/opiu...](https://www.yslbeautyus.com/fragrance/womens- fragrances/opium)

<comment><USER12> I own one of their Opium cologne for men. It smells _really_ nice.

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> Fun fact: George Lucas approached David Lynch to direct The Return of the Jedi, and was turned down.

[1] - [https://lynch.fandom.com/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi](https://lynch.fandom.com/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi)

<comment><USER14> > Shortly after, Lynch directed his own version of a space opera / sci-fi > film: Dune (1984)

<comment><USER15> So it was for the best.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> Lynch's ads actually made me understand his style much better. For all his otherworldly weirdety and teasing of Hollywood, his 90s work looks rooted in 90s tv. It's like I watch tv dramas or ads, but with Lynch's twist—just like Pedro Almodóvar's films are 80s/90s tv with Pedro Almodóvar's twist.

</comment><comment><USER16> A key component to the "feel" of Lynch is the music by Angelo Badalamenti. He really ties up the work.</comment>


Ask HN: Where can I find open course materials on Quantum Computing? - <AUTHOR> I have a Masters in Engineering, so any prerequisites on the subject are also welcome. <comment><USER2> Linear Algebra is very important for Quantum Computing. You have a masters in engineering, so you shouldn't have any problems with the math. I suggest you review the basics of Linear Algebra if you haven't applied that knowledge in a while.

John Preskill's lecture notes are invaluable. They start from the basics of Quantum Computing, to Quantum Theory, all the way to advanced concepts such as Topological Quantum Computation:[http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/preskill/ph229/](http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/preskill/ph229/)

You can also look over the Quantum Computation course that is hosted at OCW. The instructor for this course was Peter Shor who invented the seminal "Shor's Algorithm":[https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-435j-quantum- comp...](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-435j-quantum-computation- fall-2003/)

These will be enough to get you started, but it is good apply your knowledge by implementing the quantum algorithms that you have learned.There is a huge list of simulators you can use:[https://www.quantiki.org/wiki/list-qc- simulators](https://www.quantiki.org/wiki/list-qc-simulators)

I know you want references to open courses, but reading papers shouldn't hurt either. I don't know how much experience you have with Quantum Mechanics, but this paper:[https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0261](https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.0261) explains Quantum Computing very well by referring to concepts in Classical Computing. You should read this first if you are not familiar with Quantum Mechanics.

Let me know if you have any questions and good luck!

</comment><comment><USER3> edx.org</comment>


Ask HN: Ideas for a weekend project? - <AUTHOR>

<comment><USER2> Here's one -> take a job post and turn it into "must haves" for the position. Here's what it would take:

0) Get a website URL & Job keyword

1) Build a web crawler

2) Given the Job site URL, user web crawler to go to website

3) Given the Job keyword, enter it into the URL's search box

4) Do the search

5) Return the first result

6) Parse it into key needs for that position

7) Store it into a DB

8) Do this again for the first 10 and then 100 jobs

9) Distill all the key skills

10) Produce a web report for jobsite URL + job keyword

</comment><comment><USER3> I would like to receive an email every time someone writes a post on hacker news that matches the following expression ((software OR startup) AND (price, pricing, "how much can")). That would be awesome. If you let other users create their own expressions, they might like it too.

</comment><comment><USER4> Can you do a web app that displays the current dollar value in Venezuela?

API of the price

[https://s3.amazonaws.com/dolartoday/data.json](https://s3.amazonaws.com/dolartoday/data.json)

</comment><comment><USER5> a web mashup site for job sites to collect remote development jobs only all in one place: includes jobs in stackexchange, we workremotelly, github, etc. It also allows to post new jobs directly.

</comment><comment><USER6> What do you like to do?

<comment><AUTHOR> I'm looking for webapp ideas. Not droid or iphone apps. I'd like to build something with Laravel or Angular since I have been learning both. Right now, I might go for a purely javascript text game, since I always wanted try that (candybox2, thegoldfactory).

<comment><USER7> An obvious idea would be an app which lets people submit and discuss their in- progress or weekend programming projects.

If you wanted to go all out with it, you could even have posts auto-delete after a week if there haven't been any comments on them.

<comment><USER8> This is a great idea. I would be glad to see someone working on it.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


What Does $549 Billion Look Like to the Military? - <AUTHOR> http://gaurab.posterous.com/what-does-549-billion-look-like-to-the-milita

<comment><USER2> Original <http://vimeo.com/13270780></comment>


Pgsql: Create an infrastructure for parallel computation in PostgreSQL - <AUTHOR> http://email@example.com

<comment><USER2> Lots more info in the README

[http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitd...](http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=924bcf4f16d54c55310b28f77686608684734f42#patch4)

</comment><comment><USER3> Exciting!

Back in 2013, I wrote this blog post [1], it's getting closer, but I should probably change the title to "Will PostgreSQL 9.6 Bring Back Moore's Law?"

[1] [http://joelonsql.com/2013/04/20/will-postgresql-9-5-bring- ba...](http://joelonsql.com/2013/04/20/will-postgresql-9-5-bring-back-moores- law/)

<comment><USER4> This is more of an Amdahl's Law thing though.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Can someone explain to me (and others) a potential usecase for this ?

<comment><AUTHOR> Intra-query parallelism for starters.

<comment><USER6> that clears it up. thx

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Will this be compatible with say pg_shard?

Does anyone know how this stacks up against CitusDB?

Is the target for Postgres to natively do what CitusDB does right now?

<comment><USER8> This is about parallelism on a single machine.

<comment><USER7> Thanks for clearing that up.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Are there any examples how to use this feature?

<comment><AUTHOR> Note that this in itself is not a feature but part of the infrastructure for developing parallel execution nodes (for an example, you could take a look at parallel seq scan under development[1])

EDIT: [1] is a huge discussion, by the way.

[1] [http://www.postgresql.org/message- id/CAA4eK1KTv73uD9_W5wR4Hi...](http://www.postgresql.org/message- email@example.com)

<comment><USER9> Thanks for the reply. Then, my question becomes as follows: Is there a way for basic PostgreSQL users (as me) benefit from this (yet)? I don't want to dive into any codes :)

<comment><USER10> It's a framework for future functionality. End-users won't be touching it for some time I expect. The best thing about psql is their careful, iterative engineering.

<comment><AUTHOR> We might see parallel seqscan soon.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


The largest website on the Internet uses MySQL... - <AUTHOR>

Why can't you? <comment><USER2> You mean Google or Facebook? In both cases didn't they extensively modify it, and still only use it for certain parts of their offerings?

<comment><USER3> And in the case of Facebook it is strangling them... roughly 2/3 of their 9000+ MySQL servers do nothing but control the servers that actually store data.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> What is up with these posts?</comment>


Awesome animation of Dan Pink's talk about Drive: What Motivates Us - <AUTHOR> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc&feature=player_embedded <comment><USER2> Dup: <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1357390></comment>


MSDN library Lowband Beta - <AUTHOR> http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.xml.xmlnode(loband).aspx

<comment><AUTHOR> Click on the link at the top right to stay in Lowband mode and then explore in super fast mode. Excellent!

There are gaps when you drop into the standard MSDN pages - and wow do you notice the difference.

<comment><USER2> I love the loband version. the only thing I miss is a simple search box. so, hopefully they'll add it sometime in the future

<comment><USER3> why not install a local copy then?

<comment><USER4> fwiw upgrading from IE6 to IE8 on my machine irreversibly broke devstudio's msdn viewer, just shows a blank page now for all topics. so, yeah, it's nice to have a local copy, but it ain't always working :)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I saw this a little while ago, but was very disappointed that all outgoing links point to the hiband version. Effectively, I have to change all my links before browsing to them, or load the hiband version first then click the lowband link. Anybody have a secret I'm not getting?

<comment><USER6> Click the "Persist low bandwidth view" in the top right corner.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> Excellent, I have a slow connection and used to hate their Doc. Now it's fast and simple</comment>


Build a Working Game of Tetris in Conway's Game of Life (2014) - <AUTHOR> https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/11880/build-a-working-game-of-tetris-in-conways-game-of-life <comment><USER2> I'm going to need a faster machine :( The in-browser version just burns CPU for me, with no visible change after a few minutes.

Another amazing game-of-life machine is the digital clock: [https://copy.sh/life/?gist=f3413564b1fa9c69f2bad4b0400b8090&...](https://copy.sh/life/?gist=f3413564b1fa9c69f2bad4b0400b8090&step=512) \- it's a bit less CPU hungry too

<comment><USER3> Even works flawlessly on Safari iOS. All these Game of Life creations are incredible.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> A thread from 2017: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15246348](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15246348)

A bit more: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15247935](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15247935)

<comment><USER5> 2017 post has a much-needed youtube video of the metapixels as the top comment: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP5-iIeKXE8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xP5-iIeKXE8)

I haven't been able to find one for tetris tho

</comment></comment><comment> 0-_-0 Looks like the idea is to implement a cellular automaton with a different ruleset on top of Game of Life (using so called _metapixels_ ), and then use that to implement a CPU.

This is similar to the _Wireworld computer_. I liked this quote on its website:

"The design was done by David Moore and Mark Owen, with the help of many others, between 1990 and 1992. It's a testament to our modesty that it was not until September 2004 that we wrote up our work."

I shall start using that euphemism!

</comment><comment><USER6> I'm impressed how well the huge GOL pattern runs in Golly, but it's not clear where the actual Tetris board is on it. Not many of the metapixels are live at a time so there's a lot of zooming in and out to see what's going on.

</comment><comment><USER7> Surely there should be a way to do this without so many layers of abstraction? I guess the concept of control is too hard, but it should be possible to simulate blocks properly falling on top of each other.

<comment><USER8> This was just the first submission to the contest. You could easily win by coming up with a smaller way to emulate WireLife. I look forward to your submission next year!

<comment><USER7> I would be looking into some kind of ship that can crash into a pad and leave a wreck that could serve as a pad itself instead.

That would not be playable tetris, but would be much more pleasing and elegant to me.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> TC guarantees the simulation of any program a different TC can run, that would include Tetris. It does not include any UI or UX experience, so you definitely COULD simulate tetris, but you might not get an easily understood UI.

Also, I pitty the cpu that has to process this</comment>


Show HN: Convert text documents to knowledge graphs - <AUTHOR> https://www.diffbot.com/products/natural-language/ <comment><AUTHOR> Our team of researchers at Diffbot have been working on a new API to allow anyone to build knowledge graphs from text documents. Today, we are proud to announce the Diffbot Natural Language API. This is the same technology that we use to build the world's largest knowledge graph from the web, and we are making it available to all.

Knowledge graphs represent information about real-world entities (e.g., people, organizations, products, articles) via their relationships with other entities (e.g., founded by, educated at, was mentioned in).

</comment><comment><USER2> You may want to make the demo section work on small phone screens. Otherwise looks cool :)</comment>


Show HN: Made a DI.FM electronic radio macOS app - <AUTHOR> https://apps.apple.com/us/app/di-fm-electronic-music-radio/id1489117754?ls=1&mt=12 <comment><AUTHOR> If there's any electronic music fans out there, I highly recommend checking [https://di.fm](https://di.fm) out. They have a ton of different channels and you can listen for free. It's great music for long coding sessions. Just FYI, the app only works with a premium subscription as it is a third-party app.</comment>


Ask HN: Technology for Video Streaming site - <AUTHOR>

We are evaluating technologies for video streaming site. I am a Microsoft guy from last 6 years. Please suggest what combination of technology is good for video streaming sites on the scale of performance, scalability and development effort. <comment><USER2> Please tell us more about your budget and project requirements.

There's Flash Media Server, WowzaMediaServer, and Red5 for flash streaming solutions.

Flash Media Server is quick to setup and easy to maintain/extend using actionscript 3. Probably the most featureful out of the box, but will require work to scale up.

WowzaMediaServer is probably your best bet if you're looking to get up and running quickly on a reasonable budget and have a need to scale. They've integrated with Amazon for pre-configured EC2 instances and S3 for backend storage, and support h264 I believe. It's extended in Java, so make sure you're comfortable with that.

Red5 is the most nebulous. I lost the last week and a half to two weeks trying to get different versions to work with varying results. It's open source, completely free, and very nearly undocumented. If you have a crack team of hackers and attack it with vigor, this would be a good solution to explore - they have an initial planning setup for scaling via clustering/edge server. This is also Java-based, but can be extended by Jython, Jruby, Rhino, etc.

Without too much more information, it would be difficult to give recommendations. But the above three options should be good to get started. They're all flash though, so if you're looking for silverlight, you may need to do more digging.

Good luck, and keep us up to date!

<comment><AUTHOR> We are trying to build "video ad server" for delivering video ads on web-sites for one of our customer. Right now we are doing R&D on the topic. Please also suggest some good learning material for the same.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> Do you really need streaming? Progressive download is much cheaper to set up and implement.

Only choose streaming if you need to protect the content from downloading.

<comment><USER4> It really depends on the content you are distributing too, as streaming can really reduce bandwidth. Streaming works much better if you are sending very long recordings as most people won't download the whole thing if you stream it. We found that it really reduced our bandwidth when we moved some long video's to stream rather than using progressive download.

<comment><USER5> Add rate limiting and something like mod_h264_streaming for skipping ahead in the content and you get most of those benefits.

The main thing streaming can do that progressive downloads cannot is live content.</comment></comment></comment>