The HP TouchPad - <AUTHOR> http://www.engadget.com/2011/02/09/the-hp-touchpad/

<comment><USER2> Granted the software looks very cool and highlights some of the weaknesses of iOS and the iPad. But it's worrisome that there was no talk of price or battery life and availability was listed as "summer" for wifi and "later" for 3G. I fear the Touchpad will be lapped by the upcoming iPad refresh before it even hits. And how much air went out of the Xoom balloon as soon as the $800 price tag leaked? The iPad definitely needs some strong competition but I am afraid this may not be it.

<comment><USER3> I think that they'll announce the pricing about when the iPad 2 buzz has died down a bit after that has been announced. That'll let them set the price low enough, if Apple has any more surprises in that area (people expected the iPad to be a lot more expensive).

When will they announce the new iPad, btw?

<comment><USER4> > When will they announce the new iPad, btw?

Yearly cycle and no reason to pre-announce the iPad 2, so I'd expect announce and immediate availability for late march to early april.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Anyone else notice the very "Apple" presentation style?

No mention of price yet? I kind of take that as a bad sign.

I'm very glad to see this space expand. I have a couple elderly relatives that I have considered buying a tablet/slate to replace their computers.

<comment><USER6> Well Jon Rubinstein was an apple employee for 9 years (left in 2006) so I'd think an Apple like presentation style is to be expected.

<comment><USER5> Good call, I missed that. Makes sense.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> i was excited about webOS when it first came out, but the crappy palm pre devices prevented me from adopting it. from everything they've shown during their event today, i'm pretty excited about this new tablet.

i like the integration with the palm pre and being able to transfer calls, text messages, and web pages between the two. i'm glad hp is focusing on integration with existing web services and presenting them all together rather than trying to reinvent the wheel and push customers towards their own services like apple does with mobileme, itunes, ibooks, and facetime, and google does with just about every app they make for android.

</comment><comment><USER8> I mentioned this in the other submission, but is "vibrant 18 bit" display just spec jargon for a cheap TN panel? 6-bits for each R, G, and B? The IPS panel in the iPad is a huge selling point for Apple. It is higher quality than almost any modern laptop screen.

</comment><comment><USER9> This looks like a consumer device, and it's going to be a hard fight when Apple is king and prepared to sacrifice margins to defend this territory.

The TouchPad hasn't clearly defined it's USP.

Furthermore, Apple is hiring people to get into corporate sales. This is where HP has somewhat more experience in. It's going to be hard to develop the ecosystem.

</comment><comment><USER10> I'm not sure I understand the point of webOS. If Android is maturing quickly and free-as-in-speech, why wouldn't HP simply adopt that?

I can understand Apple carving out their own proprietary path, because of their legions of fans and widely accepted interface design patterns. I can also understand Microsoft putting Windows 7 on tablets (because people want to run MS applications that already exist). But why would I want webOS? Are they trying to be like Apple and blaze an entirely new trail?

It seems like it would have been smarter for HP to go with Android. The cost surely would have been cheaper and the product would have had a greater chance at gaining acceptance.

<comment><USER11> The point is to control your own destiny. HP has been stuck behind MS for the past 20 years. They couldn't innovate on hardware w/o MS.

This would just trade one devil for another devil. Even though Android is open source, development happens in isolation. Even with HoneyComb Google only gave Moto access. So Samsung, LG, HTC, Accer -- no Honeycomb for you yet. Moto gets special treatment.

If you're HP do you want to get in bed with a company who may decide that Motorola or Dell or Lenovo is the "preferred" partner? Do you want to have to throttle your development (or develop on an old version of Android) to introduce your latest HW innovation.

HP can finally own the full stack... ala Apple. And honestly, I think HP looks at what Apple has done and thinks, "We can do a lot of what they do. Maybe without the style -- but enough to put us beyond all of the Android clones".

<comment><USER12> Good luck to them, but contrast HP with Nokia. Unless they execute extremely well on the OS, store, dev tools, and price they will be releasing a memo like this eventually <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2195520>

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> I hope HP has a plan for reaching out to consumers and getting them to look at the TouchPad because the Apple Stores are doing a very good job at it. People get to use the device and can make a purchase decision easily.

</comment><comment><USER14> Just to give links to the wikipedia pages for the not so recognizable audio codecs:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High- Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High- Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding)

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QCELP>

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec>

</comment><comment><USER15> Since no price was mentioned, and given the tech specs, what's the _maximum_ price HN'ers would pay for the TouchPad? Any takers?

<comment><USER16> $400. I _might_ pay a bit more, but I'd love to see it at a $299 price point. Or perhaps an ability to buy in bulk for client projects at $299.

<comment><USER17> What's the point, though, at any price point? It's vapor ware, looks like a thick and heavy Samsung Galaxy tab rip-off and it doesn't even run Android. Maybe hospitals can make use of it if it's dish-washer proof but other than that it's a liability, not a product.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> Awesome! Now we only need to develop for iOS, Android, QNX/BlackBerry OS, Windows Phone 7, and WebOS.

;-)

<comment><USER19> Luckily all those platforms support HTML 5 and on WebOS you can easily deploy your HTML 5 app as a native app and take advantage of the native functionality as well.

<comment><USER20> Only if you don't care about user experience.</comment></comment></comment>


Black? White? Asian? More Young Americans Choose All of the Above - <AUTHOR> http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/us/30mixed.html

<comment><USER2> <http://yarchive.net/risks/mongrel.html> for another take on self- identification.

</comment><comment><USER3> Hapa Pride! (Hawaiian term for multi-racial)</comment>


Formal Methods of Software Design: an online course by Eric Hehner - <AUTHOR> http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hehner/FMSD/

<comment><USER2> I learned CS his way (my alma mater is where Edsger Dijkstra laid his eggs). It's a very nice way of thinking, and certainly worth your time. Warmly recommended if you know programming but not formal methods.

That said, I wish courses like this would stop using terms like "software design" or "software construction" in their descriptions. This course hardly seems to step out of the realm of algorithms.

This has absolutely nothing to do with software design, unless your program has 300 LOC in total. Software design is much more a social science than most CS researchers dare to admit, so they just keep refining their techniques of dealing with advanced but finegrained things that few programmers do a lot (such as algorithms).

</comment><comment><USER3> From what I see on the front page, the course seems to be based on the notion of refinement, i.e. transforming a high-level specification into a concrete implementation by refining the specification in several steps. There is a recent example [1] of a software development process based on refinement. The authors build a fully verified model-checker using Isabelle/HOL. The code has a non-trivial size (4900 lines of ML) and implements complex functionality (model-checking algorithms) in an efficient way. Roughly speaking, it is proved that the model-checker reports the violation of a property if and only if the system under scrutiny does violate the property.

[1] [http://cava.in.tum.de/templates/publications/CAV2013.pdf](http://cava.in.tum.de/templates/publications/CAV2013.pdf)

</comment><comment><USER4> Any modern course on formal methods in software design should at least mention modern tools like coq, however, in this course there're no mention of them.

<comment><USER5> Hmm, that is unfortunate. However, since my university recently canceled its only class that covered formal methods in any depth, I haven't been able to find any great options for learning about this area in a structured way. Perhaps you could provide an alternate, superior option?

<comment><USER6> If you want to get started with Coq there are two good resources. One is Software Foundations[sf] by Benjamin Pierce. There's also Certified Programming with Dependent Types[cpdt] by Adam Chlipala. I would say [cpdt] is more advanced than [sf], so I think it's best to start with [sf] and then start on [cpdt] if you feel up for the challenge.

I have mixed feelings about Coq as a tool for software design. On the one hand I think it's feasible to use Coq to prove correctness properties of your programs. On the other hand I feel it can sometimes be extremely tedious and / or difficult to show some properties. I do believe it is the future to prove properties about parts of your program, though.

Lately I have been working on brainfuck in Coq[bf] in my spare time. I have spent almost two weeks on the project now and I have been able to show that 1) the "Hello World!" program on brainfuck's wikipedia page does indeed output "Hello World!"[hello], and 2) the correctness of a simple compiler from arithmetic expressions (with +, -, and *) to brainfuck[compiler]. The project is more than 1000 lines of code. I must admit some of the code / proofs are messy and could probably be shorter, but I think it does indicate how much work it requires (and how messy brainfuck is!)

[sf]: [http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/sf/](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/sf/)

[cpdt]: [http://adam.chlipala.net/cpdt/](http://adam.chlipala.net/cpdt/)

[bf]: [https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck](https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck)

[hello]: [https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck/blob/master/bf_theorems....](https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck/blob/master/bf_theorems.v#L113)

[compiler]: [https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck/blob/master/ae_compiler....](https://github.com/reynir/Brainfuck/blob/master/ae_compiler.v)

Edit: I just remembered this talk by Wouter Swierstra where he proves some correctness properties for the core of xmonad: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqaOU8kqykg](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqaOU8kqykg) (unfortunately I can't find the slides at the moment).

<comment><USER7> have you any experience with alloy? [http://alloy.mit.edu/alloy/](http://alloy.mit.edu/alloy/) \- that seems like it's aiming for a middle-ground somewhere between coq and crossing your fingers.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I feel pretty out of my league even commenting on this, but I'll do so anyway.

As someone who's gotten by quite well with thinking about boolean logic as just true and false, the first two videos have absolutely blown my mind.</comment>


Ask HN: Current state of the art in security vulnerability research? - <AUTHOR> Is there any cutting edge research on source code analysis one should be aware of? Particularly with respect to automated methods?
Alternately (to complement this), anything fresh in the area of compiled binary analysis?
I'm very interested in knowing of the research groups and developers with interesting and innovative projects in these areas - would appreciate any tips!
Thanks for your input. <comment><USER2> Have you already heard about AFL? [http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/)</comment>


Ask HN: What's your morning routine? Be specific! - <AUTHOR> What do you do in the first 60 minutes after you wake up? <comment><USER8> 7:00 - turn off first alarm

7:30 - turn off second alarm

7:45 - turn off third alarm

8:00 - hit snooze

8:10 - hit snooze

8:20 - hit snooze

8:30 - stumble to shower

8:40 - get dressed

8:50 - take dog out

9:00 - leave for work

9:15 - arrive at work where I'll grab some coffee and a piece of toast while checking emails

</comment><comment><USER9> My office is 50 meters away from me and work starts at 9:30. I Normally wake up at 5am. Meaning I have too much time on my hands.

        T+0 Wake up feeling a little cold, Go to my office to start start reading/studying
        T+60 Get ready for my run, normally about 6 miles
        T+120 Back from run, it's normally light by now. Run bath. Check emails while it runs.
        T+135 Get in bath. Relax
        T+150 Get out of bath, change into dressing gown.
        T+160 Make breakfast.
        T+180 Lay breakfast table. Wake girlfriend for breakfast. Have sex.
        T+200 Have breakfast.
        T+210 Change into work clothes. 8:30 by this point. Read any commits that were made yesterday so I'm up to speed on other's work.
        T+255 Time to leave.
        T+260 Have a coffee at some wanky coffee shop, across the street from work
        T+270 Sign into work.

</comment><comment><USER10> Wake up in a panic

Check various things online in case another 9/11

Take some innocuous daily medication I have to take

Get dressed

Go to work

Get coffee

Get caught up with overnight emails

Get caught up with feeds, blogs, etc

Decide on the main thing that's going to happen for the day

</comment><comment><USER11>
      0600 - <USER2>
      0605 - Do some exercise, in my house because I don't like the gym anymore.
      0650 - Have a shower
      0700 - Wake up girlfriend
      0705 - Start coffee, moka pot
      0710 - Start breakfast stuff. Toast, grapefruit, croissant - one of those, not all!
      0720 - Get the TV on. Sitcoms in the morning. Formerly Frasier, finished that so now it's Seinfeld.
      0820 - Quick cup of OJ
      0825 - Start getting dressed
      0845 - Set off for work
      0900 - Get to work
      0930 - Wake up

</comment><comment><USER12> I'm a random mech eng in a large corporation so this may be in a vastly different context to many of you.

      T=0 Wake up to alarm
      T+~3 Shower
      T+~13 Exit shower, begin other amenities e.g.: teeth, hair
      T+~17 Get dressed
      T+~20 Exit front door
      T+25 Get on train for work
      T+50 Get in work, do admin tasks like email.
      T+90 Get a coffee, knuckle down for longer tasks

I'm thinking of mixing it up shortly due to some changes with work, whereby I'll look to cycle to work. This should be slightly faster than the train + walk commute that I presently do. We have fantastic cycle facilities here including catered showers, bike racks, etc. This would shift my routeine to:

      T=0 Get Up
      T+3 Basic clothes
      T+5 Cycle
      T+25 Shower at work
      T+35 Other amenities at work
      T+37 Get dressed
      T+40 Start admin tasks etc.

You'll note I don't eat breakfast - I rarely feel like I can eat of a morning. The coffee at about T+90 tends to be the first point I begin to feel hungry, and suppresses my appetite decently until lunch time. I keep getting told I should eat breakfast and I think if I did an hour-long ritual at home I may start doing so, but I don't feel held back by not having it in my current routine.

</comment><comment><USER13> My wife wakes up at 7:30, and I try to sleep another 30 minutes while she is getting the kids ready. I try to get up at 8:00, but often hit the snooze a time or two. I've stayed up too late the night before. Finally, I get up. I need to hurry so I can leave by 8:30.

I start the shower on hot to let it warm up while I brush, and use the toilet. After a nice shower, I find my clothes and other things needed for the day. Running clothes if I'm running at lunch or after work.

I leave at 8:30 with my 7yo in the old truck. We have a nice little chat on the way to school. Usually about the game he's currently into on the iPad like Terraria, Minecraft, Yet it Moves, etc. I ask him if he's excited about school, and tell him to have a great day, and listen to his teachers.

We get to the school at 8:40, and I walk him to his class. Usually greeting the teacher with a "Buenos Dias!" (It's all Spanish)

I then stop at this awesome local coffee shop named Black Coffee Roasting Company. They roast their own beans, do pour-overs and make great americanos. I always have the single origin 12oz double americano. I've cut back since the 16oz, 4 shot americanos I used to drink made me feel jittery. They carry pastries from a great local French bakery named Le Petit Outre. I usually get a plain croissant. I pay with Square Order if it's working, and they all know me by name.

I'll sit down and look at the mountains while I read Hacker News on my iPhone and sip on my coffee.

I drive through downtown Missoula, and across the bridge, park at the office, walk in, check email, HipChat, and prep for standup at 9:40.

I feel blessed.

</comment><comment><USER14> My average morning (I work as a UX architect at a creative agency in London):

      7:00 - Wake up light gradually fades in
      7:30 - Alarm goes off
             if I didn't already wake up by now, start getting dressed
      7:31 - Start preparing coffee (grind beans, prepare moka pot)
      7:35 - Finish getting dressed, wake up snoozing wife
      7:40 - Have coffee with some light breakfast
      8:00 - Kiss wife as she goes to work
      8:05 - Quick dishes after breakfast
             Good time to reflect or listen to podcasts etc.
      8:20 - Pack bag, coat etc. to leave
      8:25 - Walk to work
      8:50 - Arrive at work, plunder breakfast buffet if still hungry
      9:00 - Wake up over coffee and email at my desk

On some mornings I'll naturally wake up at 7:00 and start everything earlier. On other mornings we'll reverse the roles and I snooze while my wife gets up before (but making coffee is still my job).

</comment><comment><USER15> Between 7 and 7:45 I wake up, make my bed, wash any dishes and clean up a little, exercise, deodorize, put some coffee on and go to the shop if I need milk or anything.

I read something, usually from Nautilus magazines, while I have my coffee and something to eat if I'm hungry. If I don't have leftovers or other plans I pull something out of the freezer to cook for lunch/dinner. Then I spend about half an hour walking to/from my daughter's mom's then kindergarten.

Eventually I get back home and will finally get to my computer, unless I also need to do washing or cooking in which case I'll be busy a bit longer.

On weekends I do no exercise and sleep in if I can.

These mornings specifically do not involve checking my phone, tablet or computer for anything more than seeing what time it is, working from home that stuff was defining all of my time until I set a proper routine.

</comment><comment><USER16> Great question! I've radically changed my routine since moving to SF (~1.5 years ago) - love my current one. Two versions

1) (3-4 days a week)

\- Wake up 6:30-6:45.

\- Bathroom

\- Put in contacts, brush teeth

\- Put on shoes & sweatshirt, grab iPhone & iPad, immediately head to car

\- Drive to either: Four Barrel, Sightglass, Le Marais, or St. Frank (4 best coffee shops in the city, me thinks)

\- Order latte. Eat 1 British Rolo (real sugar, chocolate, awesomely sweet caramel)

\- Sip latte. Check email. NOTE! No email until now. Much much much much happier this way.

\- Continue drinking latte, go through Twitter & HN. That's about 60 mins worth. Head home and start day.

2) (1-2 days/week):

\- Wake up 5:45-6:00

\- Bathroom

\- Put in contacts, brush teeth

\- Get biking gear on

\- Bike to either top of Hawk Hill (feeling energetic) or Philz in Sausalito (feeling less energetic). Be happy. Take pictures.

\- Bike back and get coffee either at Le Marais or go straight home to shower and get ready for the day.

#2 is obviously a bit more healthy ;)

</comment><comment><USER17> I'm curious to find out, from the OP or anyone else, what you get from hearing about other people's routines.

I listened to a few episodes of the Tim Ferris podcast and was perplexed at how insipid it was. I don't care what Tony Robbin's, or anyone else's, morning routine looks like. Or what "productivity hacks" people have, which usually amount to just sitting down and doing what needs to get done. And then there were the questions from listeners episodes with more tedious questions about personal routines. I would love for someone to answer personal productivity questions by saying "quit asking how other people are productive and go _do_ something productive".

I just don't get it, but would like to know why it interests others so much.

<comment><USER18> I am curious. Curious for a glimpse into a private, quotidian aspect of other people's lives, and perhaps their priorities and foibles.

HN Meta nonsense: I'm interested to know why you want to know why other people find interesting something you don't find interesting! HN arch comment: Oh, wait. I'm not interested to know.

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> \- feed dog and cat
 \- shower
 \- make coffee and say good morning to the kids
 \- meditate for 20 minutes
 \- say good morning to my wife
 \- finish coffee
 \- say goodbye to the family and head into work

</comment><comment><USER20> Wake up.

Brush my teeth.

Feed the cat.

Read twitter and glance at email while I sit on the toilet.

Shave.

Take a shower.

Wake Steph up if it's a day when she didn't leave before I got up.

Get dressed.

Start some water boiling.

Clean out the coffee pot and grind some new coffee.

Read other things while I wait for the water to boil.

Make eggs and toast and coffee.

Eat breakfast.

Maybe practice a song on the piano if I have a few minutes.

Leave Steph's mom her pills and newspaper.

Start walking to BART.

</comment><comment><USER21> 06:00 - Alarm goes off & hit snooze 06:09 - Alarm goes off again. Hit snooze again. 06:18 - Alarm goes off again. OK this is ridiculous. I drag myself out of bed and get ready to go to the gym. 06:30 - In the gym for a 60 min workout. 07:40 - Back home & jump straight into the shower. 08:00 - Kiss wife goodbye & off to work 08:45 - Arrive at the office & Prepare breakfast. Read the news. 09:30 - Think about strategy for the year and quarter. Reassess priorities & prepare my to do list for the day. 09:45 - Start working

</comment><comment><USER22> Mech Engg in Automotive Sector {Detroit} T0 wake up T0.1 Check phone for msgs (since home timezone is different) T2 clear all msgs T3 Brush+Shower T23 Out of shower T25 Make sure everythings in bag that I need (wireless mouse/check whether my systems logged on to teamviewer) Do this while dressing (winters take time) T35 Get in car T50 reach office parking T60 reach desk, grab coffee, check mail, start planning test/analyze data/attend meetings

I know i bath for 20min, winters are cold, i really like hot water shower for sometime

</comment><comment><USER23> \- Wake up (no alarm)

\- Make something to eat (~5-10 minutes)

\- Eat + write a page + draw something (~10 minutes)

\- Make and drink something green (~10 minutes)

\- Meditate (20 minutes)

\- Get to work

Lately, I have been bumping exercise to mid-day or early evening. I don't check my email or read the news until late morning if I can help it. Sometimes I miss things.

If I'm particularly excited to get into something I will bump meditation to the post exercise slot later in the day. Some days I will make coffee or tea before working, but not every day.

</comment><comment><USER24> 5:45 - Wake up, go downstairs, take tablet or phone. If my youngest does not wake up I read HN, reddit, Twitter, e-mail until 6:00-6:10

6:10 - Shower, get dressed

6:25 - Wake up girlfriend if she's not already, start preparing breakfast for my 2 daughters

6:40 - wake up oldest daughter if she's not already

6:45 - eat breakfast with my girls

7:05 - clean up table and dishes

7:10 - change diaper and put the cloths of my youngest

7:15 - brush teeth, grab lunch, kisses to everybody and out the door around 7:20-7:30

COMMUTE

8:00-8:15 - arrive at work

</comment><comment><USER25>
      8:00 AM - alarm, check emails, tweets
      8:15 AM - wake up, brush teeth and bathroom
      8:35 AM - water plants
      8:40 AM - go out for a walk (chai)
      9:00 AM - <USER3>
      9:20 AM - get dressed
      9:35 AM - catch an auto (tuk tuk) to office
      9:50 AM - <USER4>
      10:10 AM - coffee and read emails, reply easy ones
      11:00 AM - attend daily stand up meeting
      11:15 AM - start the work

</comment><comment><USER18> I'm a UX designer & UX coach. I work for myself. I am looking for work/clients. I live in a small city more than an hour outside a big city. My New England Winter morning routine: 1\. Awake - Often long before "it's time to get up" 2\. Check the time. 3\. Think or sleep further or arise to read, watch, nap, or think. 4\. Arise, usually at 6 a.m.; anywhere between 5 a.m. and 8 a.m. 5\. Unplug cell phone from AC. 6\. Put cell phone is it's "spot". 7\. Dress. 8\. Walk around the block. 9\. Change into minimal layers. * 10. Open all drapes. * 11. Stretch. * 12. 1 minute of intense exercise. 13\. Put on water to boil/re-heat coffee already brewed. * 14. Shower unless schedule dictates delaying shower until later. 15\. Start preparing breakfast (oatmeal or eggs or yoghurt with things). * 16. Clear off the dining table. 17\. Get on the web (Note: home page set to YC S15 app). 18\. Check email for anything urgent - about 2 minutes. 19\. Scan 1st 60 HN headlines & save for later - about 1 minute. 20\. Put away computer. 21\. Finish preparing breakfast. 22\. Sit down to eat breakfast. 23\. Eat breakfast while reading the weekly newspaper from the (other) rural town where I spend some of each summer. 24\. Turn on NPR for news and the three hours of classical music following. 25\. Make the bed. 26\. Take stock, make a list and get down to work.

* If my girlfriend is not gone by the time I arise, I defer these steps until I'm alone. __At the same time every morning, I interrupt everything at a pre-determined time to call my child with love and wishes for a good day.

</comment><comment><USER26> T+0 snooze T+9 snooze T+18 snooze T+27 do twitter/fb feeds from iphone in bed T+37 get up T+50 get dressed T+60 arrive at office

<comment><USER27> I want to be everyone else's morning ritual but I am very much this.

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> * Stretch, and if I'm tired and have a sliver of time, roll back the other way (and attempt lucid dreaming).

* Brewed coffee or tea (no instant, or teabags) and cigarette.

* Check if there's anything interesting online (buildings exploding, religious nuts doing something crazy, more NSA hacks, Tony Abbot putting his foot in it again.

* Start the 9-5 rat racing for yet another day.

* Wish I had a fulfilling life.

</comment><comment><USER29> 6, Alarm

630 Partner gets up, turns alarm off and gets ready for work

730 Alarm + Partner wakes me up and then heads to work

735 Alarm comes off sleep, wakes me up again

740 Alarm comes off sleep, wakes me up again. If I'm feeling energetic I'll get up now

745 Alarm comes off sleep, time to force myself to get up.

750 Bathroom and shower

810 Starting to run late, get dressed

815 Breakfast cereal and OJ

817 If it's fine out (and I can be bothered) put on motorbike gear

820 Leaving car or bike

825-830 Arrive at work

830 Make coffee

This cron job runs 5 days a week.

</comment><comment><USER30> 6:45 : Wake up 6:50: Brush my teeth 6:55: Start boiling water and milk with tea powder 7:05: Pour my tea into a cup and clean the vessels 7:10: Start looking at some code from previous night 7:30: Read emails 7:45: Help son to brush and get ready 8:10: Shave and have my bath 8:30: Head out to Daycare

</comment><comment><USER31> 1 year-old and/or 3-year-old wake me up between 5:45 and 6:15. (If my 6:30 alarm wakes me instead, I get up quickly and search for diabolical mischief.)

Make breakfasts.

Shower & dressed.

Begin commute and browse dailies. Fortunately I'm not dealing with different timezones at the moment, so email can wait 'til I get to work.

</comment><comment><USER32>
      7:10 - Alarm goes off
      7:15 - Wake up
      7:20 - <USER6>
      7:35 - Get dressed / sort hair out
      7:45 - Set off for work
      8:30 - Arrive at work

My mornings are terrible, need to start getting up earlier for breakfast (although I generally can't eat anything in the morning)

</comment><comment><USER33> Wake up after hitting the snooze button three times

Hope there's coffee in the pot from yesterday that won't taste too bad after being re-heated

Get dressed

Eat something that can be prepared in five minutes or less

Brush teeth

Chase down the bus

By now I'm awake from running two blocks

Ride the bus for ~thirty minutes and read something stimulating (right now Ruby Under a Microscope)

Now an hour has passed

</comment><comment><USER34> My day start earlier the rest of the year, but in the Winter it looks like this:

6:30 AM: Get up

6:30 AM - 6:50 AM: Check out emails, answer whatever is urgent. Check news.

6:50 AM - 7:20 AM: Workout and stretching.

7:20 AM - 7:30 AM: Breakfast.

This is usually followed by a quick shower and either more work from home until 9:00 AM, or going to the office directly.

</comment><comment><USER35> Wake up by 8.00 AM (+/\- 15 mins) 8.00 - 8.15 Loo break (Checking email, twitter etc over mobile. Yeah! Multitasking) 8.30 Tea with wife and kid. 8.30 - 10.00 Playing with kid. 10.00 - 10.30 Getting ready for work (bath, cloths etc)

And Then ................ WORK ! WORK ! Worrrrrk!

</comment><comment><USER36> 6:07AM - Wake up, shut off alarm, grab phone, get back into bed and read int'l news until clearheaded.

6:35AM - Get up again, use restroom, cook breakfast.

6:45AM - Eat breakfast.

7:00AM - Shower, shave, brush teeth, etc.

7:18AM - Get dressed, pack bag, grab lunch, kiss family goodbye.

7:30AM - Leave the house and walk to work.

8:00AM - Arrive at the office.

</comment><comment><USER37> A good time to repost this classic from our very own jgc: [http://doublestealth.blogspot.co.uk/2014/07/a-life-in-day- of...](http://doublestealth.blogspot.co.uk/2014/07/a-life-in-day-of-startup- ceo.html)

</comment><comment><USER38> Wake up.

Exercise.

Shower.

Breakfast.

Creative writing(blogging or fiction).

Khan/Coursera videos or various programming exercises.

Then I'm ready for the main work for the rest of the day =)

<comment><USER39> That sounds like an ideal, yet long routine. How long does that take you?

</comment></comment><comment><USER40> Some days I have to get early, some don't. If I have to be in class "early", say 9:30, here's the routine:

Stop alarms at 8:20,25,30

Get up at 8:30

Jump in the shower for ~10 mins

Eat (if there is some breakfast to eat) ~ 10 mins

Teeth (and hair if I'm not too groggy)

Pack my bag and leave at 9:00

Walk to the nearest subway station ~8 mins

Arrive in class at ~9:27

</comment><comment><USER41> 06:15 - Press snooze once

06:20 - Wake up, have a quick glass of juice

06:25 - Go smoke a cigarette and check the news/weather

06:35 - Give medic pills to the dog

06:40 - Wake up girlfriend so she can take her breakfast

06:45 - Have a shower

06:52 - Brush teeth, Get dress and give kisses to everyone including dog.

07:05 - Head out to work

</comment><comment><USER42>
      Wake up via Sleep Cycle
      Brush teeth/ Wash Face
      Water/tea -> Food (+Fruit)
      Pack my Gym Clothes (+Fruit)
      Off to BART (Kindle/Nap)
      ...55 Minutes later arrive (+1 Coffee)
      Desk

</comment><comment><USER43>
      5:15 Wake up
      5:17 Brush teeth
      5:20 Put on workout gear
      5:22 Walk 200 meters down the road to Crossfit
      5:30-6:15 Crossfit

I'm pretty much asleep for the first half of that.

</comment><comment><USER44>
      05:21 - awake, need pee. try to go back to sleep
      06:00 - still awake, roll out of bed go to bathroom
      06:20 - alarm goes off.
      (there's more, but you did say 60 minutes)

</comment><comment><USER45> 7:30 Wake up to alarm immediately, hop into shower

Floss in the shower <\-- huge win since it's the only way I've been able to floss consistently

Make tea & peanut butter toast

Check messages and stuff

Get dressed, make girlfriend breakfast

8:30 walk to work

<comment><USER46> Shower flossing sounds like a great idea.

<comment><USER47> Yeah, that's the first thing I've read in this thread so far that I may add to my routine...

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER48> Quiet morning. Clean up. Scan email / texts from overnight, dress. Coffee. Breakfast. Head out for a bike ride or run. Start working by 8.

Work needed morning. Get up. Dress. Brush. Work.

</comment><comment><USER49> I am most productive in the morning, so I optimize for the first few hours by exercising and showering at night.

9:00: Wakeup, dress, protein shake

9:15: Walk to office

9:30: Standup at office

9:45: Uninterrupted coding until lunch

</comment><comment><USER50> 8:30 - Wake up (iPhone alarm), briefly scan Twitter feed

8:35 - Get out of bed (second iPhone alarm)

8:40 - <USER6>

9:00 - Get dressed

9:10 - Finish preparing Soylent (everything but oil done the night before)

9:15 - Leave for work

9:30 - Arrive at work

</comment><comment><USER51> 6:45am - wake and check news, email, weather, traffic

7:00am - shower, get dressed

7:15am - make breakfast and coffee

7:45am - begin the hour long drive to work

I'm a front end dev manager for a large company.

</comment><comment><USER52> Wake up

Skip school

Turn on the Atari

</comment><comment><USER53> Brew coffee, solve minor daily tasks (weight myself, duolingo session, medication). Get dressed and then commute.

</comment><comment><USER54> Alarm radio wakes me up with jazz

{run,don't run}

make coffee/tidy up/drink coffee <USER3>
make breakfast

eat breakfast over coffee and {math textbook, video lecture}

commute on bike

</comment><comment><USER55> wake up.

force a smile.

fight the urge to check my cell phone.

tell myself i'm happy to be awake and grateful to live in a stable place where my mind is not entirely in control of what happens.

tell my wife good morning. wait for the reply: "5 more minutes"

get out of bed. groan. shake around a bit.

walk down the hall to the bathroom. navigate away from the cats.

pee.

walk to the kitchen to wash my hands, because there's no sink in the bathroom because our contractors did a horrible job and we shouldn't have hired them. laugh at this.

feed the cats. half a scoop each of dry food.

walk back to the bedroom. my wife is still asleep. "good morning!" i say to her, again. she shifts her leg under the blanket, turns, moans and says 'five more minutes!'

i put on boxers, most likely the jeans i was wearing yesterday. i grab an undershirt from the underwear drawer, and go to the closet. the work shirts are in spectrum order. i pick one at random. put it on and roll up the sleeves.

go out into the kitchen. slice up some strawberries from the fridge, and eat them with yogurt. turn on the electric kettle for tea. open the cabinet to take two gummy fish-oil supplements and two gummy calcium/vitamin d supplements. pour the tea.

check the internet. look at facebook and twitter for notifications. check the price of bitcoin. make sure the world hasn't ended. sip the tea in case it has.

tell my wife i'm going to work, give her a kiss. she may be up now, she may not. if she's up, i'll snuggle her a bit and practice my chinese. zaoshang hao, xiao mao, i say.

get in my car. drive to work. the radio is probably on. i turn it off before getting on 101. i focus on my breath while i drive, and try to sit up straight.

i imagine the lives of the people who are on the freeway with me. i drive by the big hangar at moffet airforce base and imagine going on a rocket to mars. i imagine living there on mars, and then remind myself that i'm driving and should pay attention to that.

i go by the ellis exit and remember the startup we had on fairchild. the sense of hope and of purpose, the sense of stress and the sense of loss as it ended. i remind myself i'm not there any more, i'm still here, just driving. i smile.

i go by the shoreline exit for google. i remember how unhappy i was there, too. i let that fall from my mind, and keep going.

i notice my foot up on the dashboard. for some reason i have the instinct to put my left foot on the dashboard when i drive. i don't know why this is. i put it down because it shouldn't be up there.

i get off at willow road. maybe i'm listening to music now, finding something to amp myself up for the morning. i see the new facebook office across the street under construnction, and imagine doing yoga on top of the building until the end of the world, when i shoot off into space on telepathy-mind power, and navigate the stars looking for a good time. then i remind myself it's reality that matters now, as there's construction on willow and the left lane is closed.

i wait at the stoplight and fiddle with the radio. i remind myself i live in california now - not ohio! - and i work at _facebook_!

i iterate through the list of dreams that once seemed impossible which i've managed to accomplish, and remind myself there's still time for more.

i drop the car off at the valet outside building twelve, and those guys - <USER7> one with the short blonde hair and the other dude that seems to enjoy the broken seat because it leans back too far - and they say hey and ask how long i'll be at work.

6 or so, i say.

and then i go into the building.

<comment><USER56> Wow, I really like your way with words in describing your morning in relation to life.

Reminds me of Junot Diaz mashed up with Douglas Coupland's "Microserfs" world.

</comment></comment><comment><USER57> brush teeth, shave, wash face, arrange hair & dress eat breakfast (while coffee brews) read email or an article leave home with coffee, two apples and a bottle of water drive to work

</comment><comment><USER58> snuggle wife

make the bed

take supplements (tart cherry extract plus green super food flakes in water)

hit the gym (2-3 miles run plus weight training)

</comment><comment><USER59> 5:00 wake up (no alarm)

5:01 roll off your mom

5:02 get dressed

5:03 drive home

5:30 shower

5:40 coffee, muffin

5:50 pack lunch

5:55 turn off lights, etc..

6:00 leave for work

</comment><comment><USER60> wake up

Stay in bed for 5 or 10 minutes

Alarm goes off <USER6>
Do hair/brush teeth/take medication

Walk to bart, catching up on feeds/emails on the way there

take bart to work

</comment><comment><USER61> t=0 get up

t+10 shower

t+15 clothes

t+17 make soylent

t+18 chug soylent

t+20 brush teeth

t+25 walk to gym

t+90 gym routine for this day

t+95 walk to work

t+100 focus

<comment><USER62> why not just combine the soylent part into 1 seeing you didn't describe how you removed your clothes before showering?

</comment></comment><comment><USER63> Awaken

Get clean

Get coffee

Check news

Check tech

Learn something new

Sometimes write project code

Go to work

</comment><comment><USER64> nobody poops?

<comment><USER65> Didn't you read the book? Everyone poops.</comment></comment>


Forecasting in Python with Prophet - <AUTHOR> https://mode.com/example-gallery/forecasting_prophet_python_cookbook/ <comment><USER2> A large forecasting competition called M4 [1] recently published their results. If you're interested in forecasting I suggest checking out their summary paper. [2]

Highlights include:

* Pure ML methods are still not competitive with statistical models;

* Ensembles perform better than any single model, an important difference to the last competition;

* Very simple benchmarks can perform very well on this type of competition.

The top 3 included multiple statistical models feeding into an RNN (by an Uber engineer), another ensemble using XGboost for the final layer and a combination of just statistical methods with a clever weighting scheme.

If you're interested in making production-level predictions, it's probably a good idea to ensemble prophet with other methods.

[1] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makridakis_Competitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makridakis_Competitions)

[2] [https://www.scribd.com/document/382185710/IJF- Published-M4-P...](https://www.scribd.com/document/382185710/IJF- Published-M4-Paper)

<comment><USER3> Those highlights match my field experience.

I've found that ensembles aren't necessarily more accurate for individual forecasts per se, but in terms of aggregate errors over the long run, they end up being less wrong. (bias-variance tradeoff)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> For those looking for a straightforward introduction to forecasting, see the free e-book, _Forecasting: Principles and Practice_ by Hyndman and Athanasopoulos: [https://otexts.com/fpp2/](https://otexts.com/fpp2/)

<comment><USER5> That's an excellent resource that I've used heavily (along with their awesome forecast package for R). I also found QuantStart's series on Time Series Analysis (scroll down a bit: [https://www.quantstart.com/articles](https://www.quantstart.com/articles)) quite helpful, and it gets a little deeper into the math so I had a better understanding of why certain things are done.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Is Prophet useful for forecasting subscription revenue?

Say you have multiple product lines like iOS-1month, iOS-1year, iOS-1year- premium, Android-1month, web-5years, etc. And you have historical numbers for new users and retention for each product line.

I looked at using Prophet for this, but instead I made a giant spreadsheet and modeled my assumptions around seasonality, retention, and new user growth. I wasn't totally sure, but it seemed like Prophet wasn't intended for my use case, where my assumptions can be stated very explicitly, and I want to twiddle the knobs to look at various scenarios.

<comment><AUTHOR> It should be useful for forecasting subscription revenue. I can help you with this for free! I'm building autoML solution and this is interesting use case for me. Please email me if you want help on this

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> We've enjoyed using Prophet for forecasting in our work with electric utilities. It's pretty fire-and-forget. We wish it had an option for fast retraining of the model when we get new hourly data, though. That's pushing us towards other options in scipy.

<comment><USER3> I looked at Prophet a few months ago because we needed a fire-and-forget library similar to 'auto.arima' (R "forecast" package) for Python, but no good candidates existed.

However I found Prophet to be computationally a little heavier than auto.arima because it uses "stan" (Bayesian) underneath, which in turn uses an MCMC type approach and has quite a few dependencies. We needed fast model retraining as well, and at the time, it didn't seem like that was something it excelled at. (might have changed, I'm not sure)

I ended up putting together a simple ensemble forecast model class with "statsmodels" which automatically selected/averaged the best models over a collection of model types via heuristics and cross-validation. It works ok, but I'm still waiting for someone to port the R auto.arima over to Python. (I tried rpy, which in theory should have worked, but I struggled with the impedance mismatch)

<comment><USER8> I found this port of auto-arima for Python. I haven't used it in production, but it was easy to test on some demo data. [https://pypi.org/project/pyramid- arima/](https://pypi.org/project/pyramid-arima/)

<comment><USER3> Thanks, I'll take a look.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> It's been awhile since my undergrad stats classes, but doesn't using a boxcox- transform on a objective metric, fitting the dataset to the transformed metric, and then inverting it violate model assumptions? (or maybe that's just in the case of a linear regression and not Prophet's approach)

<comment><USER10> It just establishes new model assumptions. In the linear regression case, fitting boxcox(y) = βX + ε and predicting with boxcox^(-1)(yhat) produces different predictions than fitting y = βX + ε (minimizing Σ(boxcox(y) - boxcox(yhat))^2 does not minimize Σ(y - yhat)^2 in general). Either model would be an approximation, of course, and it's possible for either to produce more accurate predictions than the other for a given set of observations.

I'm not familiar enough with Prophet to know whether the same logic applies here, though I'd hazard a guess that it does.

<comment><USER11> Right. In particular, using least squares is justified by the assumption that errors are normally distributed, in which case least squares yields the maximum-likelihood estimate. Because boxcox is intended to transform a random variable into one that is normally distributed, the model assumptions are actually more likely to be satisfied if you do regression on the transformed values. (Which was probably the reason boxcox was invented in the first place.)</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: What do you enjoy most about your job? - ramon-luis I'm currently changing jobs/careers. I'm mid 30's - leaving finance, which was rich in $$ but poor in meaning (for me - nothing inherently wrong with finance or money).  I want to be intentional in choosing a job where I find more intrinsic meaning.<p>I feel like it can be easy to list the faults in a job to know what to avoid, but I'm interested in learning what makes a job great.  There's a rich, diverse community on HN and would love to learn more about what people enjoy most about their work.<p>- What's the most rewarding part(s) of your job?<p>- What part(s) of your work makes you excited?<p>- What part(s) of your work makes you proud? <comment><AUTHOR> What's the most rewarding part(s) of your job? > I'm an Amazon business owner so I get to work on whatever I want in that there's a great variety in the work I can/need to do. It feels good to tackle tough projects, complete them, and reap the rewards.

What part(s) of your work makes you excited? > Learning something new that intimidates or scares the crap out of me. When I'm researching product ideas or launching a new physical product, I'm always researching something new and then becoming as much of a domain expert as possible on it. I love learning and would do this for free, so I like that I can pursue my interests/tickle my curiosities and also make money.

What part(s) of your work makes you proud? > It's rewarding to clearly see the results of your work in $ but I don't actually find my work that rewarding yet. The more I learned about the industry, the sadder I've become. When I can create products that are more sustainable and ethical, I'll be a lot prouder and happier.

</comment><comment><USER2> A few things. I have a good amount of flexibility in work time. Also, 24 days of paid vacation on top of all federal holidays. A low amount of oversight in to what solutions I chose for specific problems. Also, I work on software that makes extremely useful and vital data (weather) more accessible, so I like to think I'm having a net-positive impact on human quality of life. Of course, there are cons. Pay is median for DC/MD area for my level but it's not bad at all given my cost of living.

</comment><comment><USER3> I lead analytics in retail banking and the most rewarding part of my job is using data/analytics/technology to improve business performance. Nothing sexy about retail banking but I hope to gain invaluable experience and help either shape the culture from within or start a bank of my own. The possibilities of what might come in the future is what excites me. Solving problems through technology also gives me great joy.

</comment><comment><USER4> I work on communication systems for cutting edge home renewable energy systems. It has its good days and its stressful days, but overall engineering solutions to complex and meaningful problems rocks pretty hard.</comment>


The solitaire encryption algorithm (1999) - <AUTHOR> http://www.schneier.com/solitaire.html

<comment><USER2> It's been 13 years. Has there been any cryptoanalysis? I can't tell if the problem Paul Crowley found in <http://www.ciphergoth.org/crypto/solitaire/> is sufficient to sink it.

<comment><USER3> A biased RNG for a stream cipher is very difficult to recover from.

<comment><USER2> What's the effect in practice? I don't know shit about cryptanalysis.

<comment><USER3> Unless the data is random (which is to say the additional layer of crypto is probably not buying you much) you can do e.g. frequency analysis on the output of the cipher. If you have a reasonable sized corpus (given how biased the PRNG is, probably a few thousand characters is overkill) you can probably break it effortlessly.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> Cryptonomicon is a great book, btw. It was definitely the one that got me heavily into Neal Stephenson.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptonomicon>

<comment><USER5> I hadn't known that Bruce Schneier created Pontifex for the book as I didn't know who he was back in the 90's. Kinda neat to circle back to an old favorite and learn that someone with whom you've become familiar since the last read contributed a key plot point.

</comment></comment><comment> B-Con I remember writing the bulk of the Wikipedia article[1] on this cipher back in my late teens when I was getting into crypto. Checking back, it's been heavily edited, but it retains the bulk of the original structure and all of the original example that I used. Kinda neat.

[1]: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitaire_%28cipher%29>

</comment><comment><USER6> I remember reading Cryptonomicon in high school, and being fascinated and terrified by the Perl implementation of this in the book. It was a perfectly rectangular, quarter page quote, with no spaces and a terrifying proliferation of sigils.

<comment><USER7>
      #!/usr/bin/perl -s
      $f=$d?-1:1;$D=pack('C*',33..86);$p=shift;
      $p=~y/a-z/A-Z/;$U='$D=~s/(.*)U$/U$1/;
      $D=~s/U(.)/$1U/;';($V=$U)=~s/U/V/g;
      $p=~s/[A-Z]/$k=ord($&)-64,&e/eg;$k=0;
      while(<>){y/a-z/A-Z/;y/A-Z//dc;$o.=$_}$o.='X'
      while length ($o)%5&&!$d;
      $o=~s/./chr(($f*&e+ord($&)-13)%26+65)/eg;
      $o=~s/X*$// if $d;$o=~s/.{5}/$& /g;
      print"$o\n";sub v{$v=ord(substr($D,$_[0]))-32;
      $v>53?53:$v}
      sub w{$D=~s/(.{$_[0]})(.*)(.)/$2$1$3/}
      sub e{eval"$U$V$V";$D=~s/(.*)([UV].*[UV])(.*)/$3$2$1/;
      &w(&v(53));$k?(&w($k)):($c=&v(&v(0)),$c>52?&e:$c)}

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Here's a little Ruby implementation I wrote a while back: <https://github.com/jsomers/solitaire>. I hope it's correct...

<comment><USER9> Neat. Creating a Ruby implementation of the solitaire cipher was also problem #1 in the Ruby Quiz: <http://www.rubyquiz.com/quiz1.html>

</comment></comment><comment> daniel-cussen I bought a set of Dungeons and Dragons dice (the set that has dice ranging from 4 to 20 faces) and coded up a Lisp program that turned a roll of 5 of these dice (approx. 16.4 bits of information) into 16 bits (sometimes you have to re-roll). With four rolls I have enough data to seed Lisp's 64-bit PRNG, which was my goal. After all, I use (random x) a whole lot.

[http://dcussen.posterous.com/my-first-toy-in-lisp-was- random...](http://dcussen.posterous.com/my-first-toy-in-lisp-was-random-x)

</comment><comment><USER10> This sounds a lot like OTP (One Time Pads) which is more than 100 years old and was even used, with great success, during WWII.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_pad>

<comment><USER11> It's a Stream Cipher, which is an approximation [1] of a One Time Pad, which allows the key to be much shorter than the plaintext.

The hardest part is how to generate the pad from the key.

[1] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipher#Loose_inspiration...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipher#Loose_inspiration_from_the_one- time_pad)

</comment></comment><comment><USER12> I'd love to see another pass at this. I've frequently got a deck of cards on me, and a 225 bit key isn't bad for a symmetric algorithm; the question is how to extract it smoothly and easily...

</comment><comment><USER13> Manchurian Candidate!</comment>


Ask HN:HN clone servable through appengine? - <AUTHOR>

I was just wondering if there is a something like HN which can be served using appengine. I need it for a side project. Actually what I really need is a website where people can submit links and talk about it. And that is what HN actually is so please be nice and provide pointers in the right directions. <comment><USER2> Sounds like it might be easiest to make your own subreddit on reddit.com

<comment><AUTHOR> I am not against reddit but it tends to draw a very mixed crowd which is not favorable. Something like HN would be more focused</comment></comment>


I Encourage Entrepreneurs To Ignore The Word "Bubble" - <AUTHOR> http://www.feld.com/wp/archives/2011/04/i-encourage-entrepreneurs-to-ignore-the-word-bubble.html <comment><USER3> I wouldn't ignore it. There is the real possibility that there is too much capital being pumped into early-stage companies, and when they fail, there will be too little available to all. The best way to insulate your business from bubble economics is to find a profitable business model that is not reliant on the exuberance of others, and not easily replicated by someone else.

Someone likened Google's other businesses as the moat around their search castle in another thread. I would recommend that everyone think about how to build their own castle that repels competitors as well as the effects of economic externalities that are outside your control.

</comment><comment><USER4> Even if there was a bubble, Entrepreneurs are the ones vending so it makes sense to sell in an overpriced market.

If you're looking at selling your company when you retire or handing the large majority of it to your heirs then the bubble is irrelevant and you should focus on profit. (There could possibly be some tax benefits to transferring to heirs during a period of low valuations)

If you're looking to increase your liquid assets in the next 3 years it may be an idea to sell now (during a purported bubble) and diversify into more liquid assets.

Asset bubbles in the tech startup sector are primarily detrimental to VCs and their LPs. It could also be detrimental to startups with exits in the next 3 years (assuming the 'bubble' exists, and 'pops' with in the next 3 years) if your founding a company focused on profits it's irrelevant and if you're founding a company that will take VC you will benefit greatly from a bubble.

The only people that a bubble affects negatively are those planning an exit in the next 3 years and those buying tech startup stock. As a founder most of the bubble effects are positive if you can take advantage of them today.

If there is an asset bubble in VC funded tech startups it comes from VCs raising too much from their LPs and then having to spend it somehow and taking the easy route of spending more per startup rather than hiring more analysts to fund more companies. The herd mentality doesn't help reduce the bubble and I think that the perception of a bubble comes from the valuations reached by companies that every VC wants a piece of the action, thankfully this behavior leaves lots of really great investments at low prices, so there should be some great opportunities out there for VCs willing to stray from the herd. (I'm channeling buffet here 'be cautious when everyone else is greedy and be greedy when everyone else is cautious')

I think a large part of the increase in valuations that VCs see is due to incubators weeding out the pets.com and the VCs seeing companies at a more mature stage due to decreased capital requirements for a tech startup. Honestly, a shitty desktop PC with an SSD will run circles around a $100,000 DB server from 1999. If you can turn a profit with one server EC2 will let you scale infinitely with out needing any VC, hence Entrepreneurs don't NEED to take VC, hence they are in a much better position to negotiate an increased valuation.

Note: I don't think a bubble exists in the sector as a whole and is limited to the companies that every VC wants a piece of. Due to VC being a private market with private financials it's hard to evaluate these bubble claims independently. I'd love to look at the 10Q equivalents of the portfolio companies of people claiming a bubble.

</comment><comment><USER5> Unlike the big bubble, profitable tech companies are not just selling "picks and shovels" to unprofitable (but well funded) ones.

Ebay makes money. Amazon makes money. E-Commerce is alive and kicking (finally), and even if investor funds dry up overnight, there will still be lots of cash coming in.

In the first bubble, the only people making money were Yahoo (who sold ads to overfunded startups), Oracle (who sold database software), Sun (who sold servers), and the consultants (who supplied warm bods). This time, it is different. All bubbles are.

</comment><comment><USER6> The answer to the question "When should I start a business?" is always "now".

Waiting will never provide an advantage. Obviously conditions have an affect on how you plan, but not when to start.

</comment><comment><USER7> So brad is asking us to ignore the irrational exuberance that surrounds funding and acquisitions in our sector? That sounds like bad advice. Business is not done in a vacuum and if you ignore the weather you risk freezing to death or dying of heat-stroke.

The example he uses of the 2008 economic crisis is a bizarre one because the only short term effect it had on startups, since we don't use the money markets, is that we all made sure our money was below the FDIC deposit insurance limit. Other than banks going under, it had little short term effect on us. [Longer term it resulted in a recession and less customers]

Not being able to raise money has a profound effect on cash flow planning and the competitive landscape. Asking us to ignore that is not good advice.

<comment><USER8> To use your analogy, I don't think Brad is saying to wear shorts outside during a blizzard. He's saying that if it's a sunny day, you shouldn't wear earmuffs just cause it's unseasonably warm and may or may not snow tomorrow ;-).

edit: Perplexed at the down-votes. Is it the smiley face?

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> Best advice- "Don't get distracted by speculating about "bubbles" other than the ones in your bathtub. Instead, spend your energy creating amazing products, thrilling your customers, building an awesome organization, and living your life."

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Putting things back in perspective...

"Always remember that one day you too will be dead."

</comment><comment><USER10> Another good reason to ignore this stuff is that it will be frequently used as a face-saving excuse to not spend money on something or back a company.

It's a lot easier to say, "Oh, we're not going to license your software any more due to the Global Financial Crisis" or "We're not going to put money into this venture because of the tech collapse" than it is to say "We're out of money" or "Your company and ideas suck".

</comment><comment><USER11> Rational planning means taking into account threats into your business plan.

If you have an established company, I'd suggest strategising on how you can survive a bubble burst event and the resulting downturn in investment, spending from new investment backed companies and so on. The bursting of the bubble will have opportunities for a well positioned business - <USER2> competition, more reasonable prices for advertising on other sites, for example. Be careful with debt your company can't pay back if the bubble bursts, and keep a majority of people who want panic on the board.

Until it bursts, there is lots of money to be made from the bubble for appropriately positioned companies.

</comment><comment><USER12> "I refuse to make predictions as the only thing I know with certainty is that some day I will be dead"

Umm, ok? If you really want to get technical about it, indeed there is nothing with 100% certainty, even your own demise. However I think it's worth analyzing past trends with current trends in order to make an educated guess on what may happen.

I understand what the author is trying to promote here, but going at it completely blind isn't just unwise, it's plain stupid.

</comment><comment><USER13> There is no bubble. Move along, citizen. Do not look at the man behind the curtain.

</comment><comment><USER14> I believe mortgage brokers were also encouraged to ignore the word 'subprime'. Nothing bad happened there.

<comment><USER4> The asset classes of 'privately held VC funded tech startups' and 'residential real estate' are orders of magnitude different in their valuation, if valuations for every company in that asset class dropped to 1/10th it would make approximately zero difference to the economy as a whole as the risk is concentrated to those with enough assets to make risky investments.

Honestly, tell me how Facebook being valued at $7 billion instead of $70 b will tank the global economy? The reason the economy tanked because of the real estate bubble is because consumer spending was largely fueled by increased liquidity of equity and that we lost about $12 trillion in asset valuations. There isn't $12 trillion to lose in the tech sector, let alone $12 trillion from a 25% price correction.

<comment><USER14> "the risk is concentrated to those with enough assets to make risky investments." Meanwhile, Zynga raises $500 Million from T. Rowe Price, Fidelity and Morgan Stanley. With 401k money from ordinary folks.

"how Facebook being valued at $7 billion instead of $70 b will tank the global economy" You're right, it won't. But the continuing culture of extreme risk taking will ultimately bring down the global economy.

<comment><USER4> Unlikely, the issue from subprime was that the advent of CDO changed the risk model of the underlying asset. This allowed CDOs to the classified as Triple A which were not triple a worthy. The problem was not the risk, but that the risk was not communicated because it was largely unknown and that the system incentivized rating agencies to exaggerate credit ratings. Everyone in vc knows the risks and fully communicates the risk, almost anyone can buy real estate on 20x leverage (5% down) very few people can buy private tech sector stock on 20x leverage.

When 60% of the population holds the vast majority of their net worth in tech sector stock at 20x leverage there may be larger issues, the risk taking culture in tech is very appropriate because they can bring large improvements to the lives of millions, your house is not likely to be 100 times more productive in the next 5 years. Thus taking huge risks on housing is inappropriate where as it's very appropriate in tech R&D.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: When is a good time to invest in Bitcoin - <AUTHOR> I'm looking to get into bitcoin but don't want to lose money right away. When is a good time to buy into it? <comment><USER2> Follow the sane advice and dollar cost average - set aside a small amount each week, say $50, and use that to buy btc no matter what the price is. Have a plan to hold the coin for a certain amount of time say 2 years or when it reaches a certain price threshold say $20k. This way you are getting some exposure, with greatly reduced risk compared to dropping the whole lot in at once.

</comment><comment><USER3> One thing you can do is look at historical trends and buy when the price is near the bottom of the band (which it is now):

[https://www.blockchaincenter.net/bitcoin-rainbow- chart/](https://www.blockchaincenter.net/bitcoin-rainbow-chart/) [https://bitcoineconomics.io/beam.html](https://bitcoineconomics.io/beam.html)

Or you can use a stock-to-flow model and buy when the price is below the model's prediction:

[https://digitalik.net/btc/](https://digitalik.net/btc/)

</comment><comment><USER4> Simple answer is : when the price is low. If you don't wanna wait or have to figure out the if & when, dollar cost averaging is the most basic strategy [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging)

<comment><USER5> The website dcaBTC.com provides some useful information and a calculator/charts about dollar cost averaging bitcoin: [https://dcabtc.com/](https://dcabtc.com/)</comment></comment>


China has turned Xinjiang into a police state like no other - <AUTHOR> https://www.economist.com/briefing/2018/05/31/china-has-turned-xinjiang-into-a-police-state-like-no-other <comment><USER2> In the West we have a false sense of security that totalitarianism will inevitably fail. We've seen so many examples of fallen tyrannical states. But many ideas fail the first few times they're tried. China seems committed to making totalitarianism "work."

It's hard to think of any more dangerous invention. Even nuclear weapons aren't as dangerous as a sustainable model for modern tyrannical government.

This is an invention that would be exported and widely adopted.

The liberal democratic model of government spread around the world not just because the people saw it work in America and decided that's what they wanted, but also because the ruling aristocrats saw that it would be net better for them. The French Revolution probably helped convince them it compared favorably to the guillotine.

If another model is pioneered and proven that's better for the ruling class, it won't be difficult to find regimes eager to adopt it.

<comment><USER3> I very much doubt it is sustainable. The cost of policing is quite substantial and the productivity lost is hard to replace which adds to the cost.

What we are seeing today is essentially a low intensity conflict[0] not unlike what took place in white Rhodesia/Namibia, Northern Ireland during the troubles, etc. There is a economic reason why these conflicts could not last indefinitely, no matter what ideologies drive them.

[0]:[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_intensity_conflict](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_intensity_conflict)

<comment><USER4> > I very much doubt it is sustainable. The cost of policing is quite > substantial and the productivity lost is hard to replace which adds to the > cost.

Why do you think the Chinese government can't sustain the cost? Intensive policing is manpower intensive, and China presently has manpower to spare. They also don't have to deal with democratic pressures to contain the cost and redirect the savings to programs that benefit the general public.

<comment><USER5> In my view, they are not sustaining the cost. We are, by buying their products. If totalitarianism becomes universal, that's when it ceases to be sustainable.

The ruling class has luxuries that they could not have developed for themselves without them being broadly available. I'm thinking of things like cell phones, the Internet, and possibly the money system.

Parasites need a viable host.

<comment><USER6> I love that we're talking about how bad totalitarianism is meanwhile we literally have the upperclass exporting jobs to China for a quick buck and president who campaigned on bringing them back who just betrayed his base (and his country) by helping a Chinese company keep their jobs... Living in the free-ist country in the world apparently means you're free to sell out your fellow man to the totalitarian state overseas.

I think _that_ is the sustainability problem we need to talk about. We're feeding them and starving ourselves.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> The lengths that China goes to control the minority (although it's about half of the region) is astounding. I can't imagine what little privacy they have, between constant physical checks, personal party spies and electronic surveillance.

I heard once that in a world where everyone agrees to being spied on by carrying a mobile, the mobile-less will be suspect. I never thought this would actually be the case, but there it is: people must install government spyware on their personal devices.

Reading this gave me a new appreciation of how human rights are broken in China. I sincerely hope that those people recover their freedom.

As recent history had shown, even Western countries, proud of their freedom and Enlightenment values, may realize that something bad is happening when it's too late. Seeing how surveillance is making comparatively small advances here, I'm slightly more worried that privacy might be completely extinguished from the world one day.

<comment><USER8> The GDPR just coming into force is surely a promising sign that we're moving generally in the right direction.

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> The fact that this is done under the guise of antiterrorism ought to ring some bells to American readers.

<comment><USER10> The situations don't compare well, even though the US too often uses terrorism as a guise to pursue global political goals.

Domestically there are 3.3 million Muslims in the US. There are ~50 detainees at Guantanamo Bay, with most of the former detainees having been released without charge. Some of them were charged as enemy combatants and or terrorists. And Guantanamo is widely considered a black mark on the US reputation.

The US has millions of Muslims that co-exist entirely peacefully with a very large Christian majority. After 9/11, at the height of anti-Muslim emotions in the US, Muslim Americans weren't put into camps by the tens or hundreds of thousands; they weren't slaughtered; their rights weren't wiped out; their culture and religion wasn't made illegal; the US didn't arrest them by the hundreds of thousands in targeted fashion. In fact, it's extraordinary just how peaceful and calm the situation after 9/11 actually was: if you believed the propaganda, America surely would have killed or arrested every Muslim in the country, except the propaganda is all a lie.

The US is not trying to destroy Islam in the US. The US is not interning millions of Muslims, trying to eradicate their culture and beliefs. The US is not torturing its Muslim population of 3.3 million. The US is not restricting their movement, their worship, or keeping them from owning guns or knives to defend themselves. The US is not razing their places of worship. The US is not building massive camps to put hundreds of thousands of Muslims into.

The US isn't doing anything even remotely similar to what's going on in China.

<comment><USER11> No, the US just goes and bombs their homes instead.

and at home the US strips away freedoms from their own people with the justification of "national security".

<comment><USER12> If you're a US Muslim then your home is probably the US.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> I have first hand experience in Xinjiang a decade ago. I can only imagine it's getting worse.

What I remember most was:

1) nearly hourly MMS messages to my flip phone from unknown numbers with an unknown attachment. Since my phone was bought outside China, the MMS attachment didn't automatically open the likely spyware.

2) Being followed and monitored by plainclothes policemen

3) Having my hotel room searched while I was away. Having police come to my hotel room to interrogate me but lacking access because I had the only key to the room (very very cheap hotel).

4) Armed convoys of Chinese army soldiers constantly going up and down major streets.

</comment><comment><USER14> Perhaps the most important reason authoritarian regimes fail in the modern world has to do with decision making. In order to make good decisions, you need accurate information and a good discussion of alternatives and their likely outcomes.

The modern world is so complex and changes so much that the only way to get this is a free flow of information in which everyone can honestly say what is happening in their particular part of the society, and everyone can make suggestions and offer evaluations.

Authoritarian regimes shut all of this off, such as through turning the press into a governmental propaganda machine, and dictating what university professors can research.

The consequence is the top decision makers live in an epistemic bubble and become increasingly out of touch with reality, and increasingly subject to group-think. And that in turn leads to poorer and poorer decisions, and eventually the system comes to an end. I think it is quite predictable that this is where Xi's regime is heading over the long term.

</comment><comment><USER15> The scale is jaw dropping.

<comment><USER16> That is exactly what I thought while reading the article.

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> The economist and other media love pointing fingers at others. That's easy to do. Everyone knows China is not a democracy but we are which makes surveillance here much more problematic.

Yet we do not see any serious examination from the economist on threats to democracy from surveillance. Infact it is at the forefront on hit pieces on Snowden accusing him of treachery [1] which means their concern for 'surveillance' is entirely fabricated.

Why is Assange still stranded and Snowden in Russia? What consequences has there been from the revelations on western security services and rubber stamp courts? No answer from the economist because they aren't even asking the question. Yet another cheap ploy to use 'human rights', 'democracy' and 'freedom' to attack other countries while soiling these principles.

The economist is a principal cheerleader of neoliberalism, shock therapy and other exploitative economic policies that directly lead to corruption, theft of national resources by uncontrolled privatization and oligarchies in third world countries. Nothing to do with democracy.

This kind of hypocrisy and grandstanding has run its course, its a dangerous distraction designed to lull readers into complacency while entrenched interests that publications like the economist support make democracy more and more meaningless.

[1] [https://www.economist.com/democracy-in- america/2014/01/10/tr...](https://www.economist.com/democracy-in- america/2014/01/10/treachery-and-its-consequences)

<comment><USER18> Could you point to a few examples of support for "shock therapy and other exploitative economic policies" on the Economist?

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> A thought experiment, from an ignorant Canadian to those Chinese who accept ethnic discrimination in national policy:

Generation(s) of Han Chinese and Uighurs get together and start having children. An act of loving subversion, if you will. At what level of mixing does the dangerous Uighur contribution become safe to you? 50%? 25%? 12.5%?

[Only somewhat tongue-in-cheek.]

<comment><USER20> It's not about race but rather their patriotism towards China.

The largest group of Muslims in China are the Hui Muslims (about 10 million of them). They are the descendants of the Muslims that were absorbed during conquests in the Tang and Ming Dynasty.

They eventually integrated and married other Han Chinese. They are still Muslim, but also identify as Chinese. There are also affirmative action programs for them, making it easier for them to into good colleges and government jobs.

They were also exempt from the 1-child policy.

They are how Asians are in the US, the "model minority."

<comment><USER19> > It's not about race but rather their patriotism towards China.

Please explain, then, why race is a category used to reduce a person's numeric "trustworthiness score" in China. If one is ethnically Uighur instead of Han or if one has received religious education then one is deemed by the government as "less trustworthy" \-- not because of behaviour or evidence of a crime but simply because of ethnicity.[1][2][3]

Since this score is used to determine whether freedoms are restricted (e.g. travel, communication, and forced "re-education"), it is racism.

[1] [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/thousands- chin...](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/thousands-china- xinjiang-uighur-beijing-disappear-fears-authorities-thought-police-personal- safety-a8115421.html)

[2] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/15/opinion/china-re- educatio...](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/15/opinion/china-re-education- camps.html)

[3] (TFA) [https://www.economist.com/briefing/2018/05/31/china-has- turn...](https://www.economist.com/briefing/2018/05/31/china-has-turned- xinjiang-into-a-police-state-like-no-other)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> As a European I hope we find the courage and the strength to allow ourselves to be militarized as we where at the beginning of the 20th century. I think to a certain degree a military conflict with China would not be a bad thing. Here we have achived quite a few things of which each of his own would be worth dying for.

Typical western values are seriously underrated and are not taken seriously.

<comment><USER22> > Here we have achived quite a few things of which each of his own would be > worth dying for.

What, like nuclear bombs?

Because that's what most likely will kill you in a large scale conflict between superpowers.

There ought to be a law that you can't advocate for war unless you've actually been to war...

<comment><USER23> I don't think he really understands the full implications of modern warfare between global powers. He's likely thinking in terms of firearms and tanks. Maybe some airplanes.

He's in for a big surprise.

On the plus side, the surprise will be quick.

</comment></comment></comment><comment> purple-again This paywall is defeating all my usual tricks, can someone help me out? On an iPhone and the web link didn't work, nor did going through twitter or Facebook.

Thanks in advance for any help.

<comment><USER24> >This paywall is defeating all my usual tricks, can someone help me out?

Paying for the content ought to do the trick.

<comment><USER25> What an ignorant and patronizing thing to say. Does your daddy have enough money for us too?

<comment><USER24> I don't really see the point of the excursion into my private life but I pay for my newspaper subscriptions myself, and I'm not really sure that being unable to pay for content somehow justifies stealing it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> What happens if we find out China is committing atrocities like ethnic cleansing? Will we implement some economic sanctions or will we send in the troops?

<comment><USER18> North Korea is still doing whatever the hell they feel like doing. Because bombs (and artillery pointed at Seoul).

</comment></comment><comment><USER27> I keep telling people about this and their unconcerned reactions really worry me.

<comment><USER28> People are only getting concerned by the "hype thing of the day". (today it is the 1500 immigrant children lost, yesterday it was some battle in Syria)

They don't care about things until a mob of similar people care about it. It is group thinking and virtue signaling at its peak

<comment><USER29> Like the frog in gradually heated water, no one notices the gradual intensification.

<comment><USER18> That's actually false. The frog jumps out when the water gets too hot.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER30> Besides this being dystopian out of the western libertarian pov, i wonder what it actually does against crime? I imagine a crime free city would be an interesting human phenomenon without equal. The side effects of there not being any undetected and unprosecuted crime would be fascinating.

<comment><USER31> What is crime though? Do you want to live somewhere where spitting on a random sidewalk in front of the wrong camera means you're banned from flying for a year? Is the fear of criminal violence greater than the fear of state violence?

<comment><USER32> > an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by > the state and is punishable by law.

He who holds the biggest stick writes the book of law

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER33> Tell the story not the news. Wow, well done.

</comment><comment><USER34> Whether you like China or not, Islamic fundamentalism is a huge problem to global peace today. Not just in the Middle East, Europe, but also parts of Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Philipphines) and China.

The problem is people clinging to old time religious beliefs that women are inferior and must be veiled and that infidels are not worthy

We've slowly dispelled Christian fervor (which used to be just as bad as Islamic fundamentalism) by slowly improving the scientific literacy rate and living standards in the west. Must of the Islamic countries haven't seen growth like this. How do you root these out?

Not sure if China's hard handed approach may work. Maybe it will, who knows. Maybe it will fail. But we at least must do something about it

<comment><USER15> "But we at least must do something about it"

Like oppress an entire region of people who aren't committing violence to get to the handful who are?

<comment><USER35> As opposed to the western approach which lets religious fundamentalists profess their anti-semitism, anti-atheism and misoginy freely and violently?

Example: [http://www.france24.com/en/20180511-saudi-financed- belgian-m...](http://www.france24.com/en/20180511-saudi-financed-belgian- mosques-teach-hatred-jews-gays-report?ref=tw)

And while freedom of expression is important, it is limited (especially in Germany). Racists expressions are a no-no pretty much everywhere.

Now Jews feel increasingly unsafe in the streets of Europe.

<comment><USER36> Freely, yes. People in the United States have the right to express publicly whatever their beliefs are. And we also have the right to judge people based on their beliefs.

I'm not sure about the rest of the "western" world. But I this the way it is in the United States.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER37> China must be split up. It's a huge population and it's not working.

<comment><USER38> Hello

[https://youtu.be/0vVOXlgHC1U?t=37m5s](https://youtu.be/0vVOXlgHC1U?t=37m5s)

<comment><USER29> For those that don't watch the YouTube, it shows a long Chinese military parade, which suggests the unlikelihood of China splitting up.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER39> What would be your advice to China about how should they treat Uighurs?

<comment><USER19> Treatment identical to Han Chinese would be a great start.

<comment><USER40> They do get treatment identical -- any Han committing the same crimes would be exposed to the full force of the law.

<comment><USER19> You refer to a very qualified and narrow "identical". In the general sense, before an Uighur commits a crime, are they treated in an equal manner to a Han Chinese before they commit a crime? In all manners of expression, association, travel and employment, for example?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER41> > _As a result, more and more_ private prisons _are being built: the_ > incarceration _archipelago is adding islands even faster than the South > China Sea. Adrian Zenz of the European School of Culture and Theology in > Kortal, Germany, has looked at procurement contracts for 73_ private prisons > _. He found their total cost to have been $108 million, almost all spent > since April 2017. Records from Akto, a county near the border with > Kyrgyzstan, say it spent 9.6% of its budget on_ law enforcement _(including_ > private prisons _) in 2017. In 2016 spending on_ law enforcement _in the > province was five times what it had been in 2007. By the end of 2017 it was > ten times that: $1.24 billion._

Change a few keywords and it sounds more like the current situation in the USA.

> _CCA revenue hit a whopping $1.79 billion in 2015, up from the year before, > while GEO revenue hit an even higher $1.84 billion, likewise an improvement > over their previous year._ [0]

[0][http://allthatsinteresting.com/private-prisons-us- stats](http://allthatsinteresting.com/private-prisons-us-stats)</comment>


Asking over 8500 students to pick a random number from 1 to 10 - <AUTHOR> https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/acow6y/asking_over_8500_students_to_pick_a_random_number/ <comment><USER2> Reading the comments there I genuinely despair over the level of mathematical ignorance being shown by some of the commenters, and the scorn and lack of empathy shown by others.

There are times when I'm ashamed to be human and share a heritage with some of the people out there.

 _Edit: In case you 're wondering what comments prompted me to say that, I'll not point at them, because it would identify the usernames, and I don't want to do that. I'll just take this as a reminder: On most forums - never read the comments._

<comment><USER3> Part of the reason I stopped making content for /r/dataisbeautiful is the vitriol for a minor/inconsequential mistake in my source chart, and _no one_ reads the comment corrections.

The workaround is to link to a blog post instead of a raw dataviz, but no one upvotes those.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> There is a name I forgot for this phenomena of "representative" random values. For occupation the representative value is "carpenter"</comment>