Crowd-sourced list of European investors, angels and accelerators - <AUTHOR> https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10S7_jBpRoWuNMnOYpkjFJArt76dPhFw0tIR7E_ndgnk

<comment><USER2> Stupid question, but how do you download this? I can't see any menu at all, whether I'm logged into Google or not.

<comment><USER3> Use this link to directly download it without signing : [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/d/10S7_jBpRoWuNMnOYpkjFJ...](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/d/10S7_jBpRoWuNMnOYpkjFJArt76dPhFw0tIR7E_ndgnk/export?format=xlsx)

<comment><USER4> Your link didn't allow me to download.

Here's what I used: [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10S7_jBpRoWuNMnOYpkjF...](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10S7_jBpRoWuNMnOYpkjFJArt76dPhFw0tIR7E_ndgnk/export?format=xlsx)

<comment><USER2> Thanks!

<comment><USER5> Did that open in Excel for you? It wouldn't for me...

<comment><USER2> On Excel for Mac it had to do an 'Open and Repair' but then worked fine, but something was off. Viewable using OS X's own QuickLook too, so I imagine it'd open in Numbers as well.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> The problem with these sort of lists is that without more details they're not that useful because it's hard to identify relevant investors.

What would make such a list useful would be:

1) List of past investments

2) Track record of their investments raising follow-on rounds

3) Locations they invest in

4) Sectors/themes they invest in

5) Number of investments in the last year

6) Average investment amount

7) Do they lead deals

<comment><USER7> Irrelephant comment, but Thanks. I'm building a tool for Investors and I think this is the single best advice on the product I've found on Internet yet!

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Nice list, thanks!!! :)

However, please note that Israel is NOT in Europe but in Middle-East... ;)

And I'm a bit afraid that some moron might just download then erase everything someday: Google doc doesn't seem like a good idea to me

</comment><comment><USER9> That's a nice list. One of my employees worked for 3 months on something similar, I should digest all the info and do something useful with it.

</comment><comment><USER7> Thanks this is a good list, is there a way we can edit / add more names, or we can get an editable copy of the file?

</comment><comment><USER10> This will be a horrible mess, not to mention hostile changes.

Why not use Github?

<comment> zupa-hu I guess not many investors own a github account, in case they wanted to be added. Seems like right tool for the task.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> How do I use this ? I mean I have no business skills, what is this list useful for ? How can it be useful for me ?</comment>


GitHub is having an outage, again - <AUTHOR> https://status.github.com/messages/2017-08-04 <comment><USER2> Was anything made public over what happened on the 31st?</comment>


Show HN: Letters to a New Developer, the Book - <AUTHOR> https://www.apress.com/us/book/9781484260739 <comment><AUTHOR> The first two pages of each chapter available at this link.

More details here: [https://letterstoanewdeveloper.com/2020/08/17/letters-to- a-n...](https://letterstoanewdeveloper.com/2020/08/17/letters-to-a-new- developer-the-book/)</comment>


China lands Jade Rabbit robot rover on Moon - <AUTHOR> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25356603 <comment><USER2> Go China! As an american, I hope China keeps pushing the boundaries on their space program - maybe we'll then decide to invest in science and space exploration again.

<comment><USER3> I have submitted this as a separate story as I believe it merits discussion regarding the links between China and America's space program.

Bassically the Co-Founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was deported from the US to China during the McCarthy era and he became the "Father" of China's space program.

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6905862](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6905862)

Wikipedia writes, "Under Secretary Kimball, who had tried to keep Qian in the U.S., commented on the affair to say: _" It was the stupidest thing this country ever did. He was no more a Communist than I was, and we forced him to go."_

<comment><USER4> As I understand it, much of NASA was manned by Germans who had worked on their rocket program (weaponized rockets) and 'importing' that knowledge was the kick start to the American space program. Project Paperclip? Was that the name?

<comment><USER5> nasa and jpl aren't the same thing.

<comment><USER6> Yes (especially back then, because NASA did not exist until 1958).

I know of three strands of rocketry research that contributed to American rocketry. There was Robert Goddard's experiments with liquid-fueled rockets, as early as the 1920s, Theodore von Karman (a Hungarian who emigrated to the US in 1930) and his team at Caltech, and von Braun and the Germans.

Goddard never got significant US Government support, but he continued his experiments right up to 1940. Of course von Braun did get government support, and apparently his team learned from Goddard's experiments. The end result was that von Braun's team knew more about large rockets, and he went on to head the NASA center (Huntsville) that is most associated with rocketry, and of course to develop the Saturn V. And von Karman, of course, was the founder of JPL.

As @err4nt's comment hints at, there is a rough parallel between von Karman's emigration from Germany to the US (his family was Jewish) and Qian's emigration from the US to China.

<comment><USER7> JPL seems to have had quite a few founders. I recall reading about Jack Parsons who was also into occult matters:

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whiteside_Parsons](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whiteside_Parsons)

Happen to run into his story while reading about the history of Rocketry. His story even takes a more bizarre turn with L Ron. Hubbard, and finally his death in a mysterious explosion.

<comment><USER6> Indeed. I first read the hints of that story in Mike Davis's book _City of Quartz_.

Another interesting co-founder (one of the original handful, along with Parsons) was Frank Malina, who was the second director of JPL (after von Karman).

Malina was also suspected by the FBI of having Communist sympathies. He eventually left JPL and went to live in France.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Anyone else a little surprised that we hadn't heard anything about this mission earlier? I didn't really know that China was even planning on landing probes on the Moon. Kind of a big contrast to SpaceX, say, who seems to publish a press release or at least a tweet about everything they have done and are planning to do. Not that I mind, it's cool to read about what they're working on. I suppose if the Chinese space program is publishing much about it's plans, it doesn't make it into English-language media most of the time.

<comment><USER3> Don't forget Google who got lots of media attention:

 _> The Google Lunar XPRIZE, the largest international incentive based prize of all time, aims to do something we haven't done as humanity since 1973, safely land on the surface of the Moon._

[http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/prize- details](http://www.googlelunarxprize.org/prize-details)

<comment><USER9> > _The Google Lunar XPRIZE, the largest international incentive based prize of > all time, aims to do something we haven't done as humanity since 1973, > safely land on the surface of the Moon._

That sentence wasn't even correct yesterday, before Chang'e 3 landed. The last lunar soft-landing was Luna 24 in 1976 -- a Soviet sample-return mission.

What they meant is that nobody had done what the Google Lunar XPRIZE requires since 1973. The Google prize requires a rover, and the last rover on the moon was Lunokhod 2, in 1973.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> This is a massive accomplishment that might very well mark an inflection point for China. While countries like the US haven't really done anything in the last few decades to truly inspire the population --kids in particular-- here's China executing a feat of engineering that will surely serve as inspiration for their young. And, of course, this is probably the first of many.

Timing, of course, couldn't be better. The Chinese have managed their country admirably. No debt to speak of. Massive investment in infrastructure, technology and manufacturing capabilities. An environment where entrepreneurship is top dog and government seems to pretty much stay out of their way. And, of course, they are also ingesting massive amounts of intellectual and financial capital from the rest of the world.

Some have proposed this is going to inspire or push us to compete in this arena. I'll propose that will not happen at the same scale the Chinese are building-up to. Think of it this way: We have to actually borrow money from the Chinese to compete with them. I'll leave you with that thought.

<comment><USER11> Last few decades? I'm certainly not american, but there have been 3 mars missions in the last 5 years, an orbiter, a rover and a lander, the latest of which launched less than a month ago. Why are people so quick to write off their own achievements?

<comment><USER10> Not writing off achievements. These are simply not inspiring people the way the Chinese are being inspired today just by going to the moon. That's all.

At some level Mars is as intangible of asking someone to understand how a bird feels while flying. Outside of small circles there's no real appreciation for just how difficult these missions are. Therefore, the sense of awe isn't there. I'll bet most people in the US don't understand why you can't drive the robots on Mars like you do an RC car on the street. Yes, I am hinting at other problems.

I am not sure what the ROI of robotic or manned missions to Mars might be. And I am not necessarily in financial terms.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> It should be their top priority to drive over to the U.S. landing site and send back proof that we actually went to the moon. I atleast want to see what the flag and other things look like now. :)

<comment><USER13> I hope they stay away from the original landing site. It's the location of one of the most important events in human history, and it would be a shame to cause damage to it.

<comment><USER14> Also the moon is huge. Whats the point of exploring the same area twice?

<comment><USER15> Observe changes

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> My wife's comment: "That's because the Chinese are the only ones with any money to have a space program". Very true dear, very true.

<comment><USER17> The US has plenty of money to have a space program, we choose not to have a more active space program.

<comment><USER18> Just to further this point: NASA receives for its yearly budget 12 days of the military's budget, not counting expenses in the wars.

<comment><USER19> 12 days of the budget for the entire us military sounds like a pretty damn good amount of money. Quick lookup indicates that's something like 21 billion dollars.

<comment><USER20> The real question is, what makes the military 30 times more important than space exploration, given that we are leaving days of (relative) peace?

<comment><USER21> At this point, the military is (in-part) a jobs program, both blue collar and white.

<comment><USER22> Surely we can create a better jobs program with that money?

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> So Chang'e carries a Jade Rabbit to the moon. The consequence of thousands of years of cultural fascination with the moon is that there sure are a lot of things to name moon-bound spacecraft after.

</comment><comment><USER24> Am I the only one who thinks that picture of the yellow spacecraft on "the moon" looks incredibly fake?

<comment><USER3> There is an explanation in this video.

Current renderings are based on real-time telemetry data being sent back from the probe.

40 years is a long time and instruments have advanced. I guess now that the solar panels are engaged and the rover is active, we will get some decent footage. The moon in 1080p? Yes please!

[http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20131214/104460.sh...](http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20131214/104460.shtml)

<comment><USER25> It will be good to see actual footage from the Moon. Forgive my skepticism, but after the Chinese team faked their summit of Everest I am naturally skeptical.

<comment><USER26> Ah yes just as after that American Lance Armstrong was found guilty of doping all this time I am VERY rightfully sceptical of ALL American athletes from then on indeed.

<comment><USER27> Not just athletes. Astronauts too.

<comment><USER28> Astronauts are doping? Do you think they will have to hand back the Space-Cup?

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER29> "我们的征途是星辰大海。"

Our Conquest is the Ocean of Stars.

<comment><USER30> 翻译的太差了...

<comment><USER28> What would be a better translation?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER31> Probably just an ASIC BTC miner, capitalizing on cooler operating temperatures and free super effective non-atmospheric blocked solar power.

<comment><USER29> However there is no air on the Moon, so how to conduct the heat from the mining machines?

<comment><USER32> IR radiation?

<comment><USER29> Assuming that your mining machine is a 10cm * 10cm * 10cm box with 100W power, while it is a black body, then according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the temperature of your machine will be......

414K, or 285°F.

One of the hot-selling mining machines in China is the Friedcat Box, providing 38GH/s in 360W power. The dimensions of this thing is a 12cm cube. Using the data of this machine, and calculated with Stefan–Boltzmann law, the temperature will be...

520.6K or 477.5°F

Bitcoins are really hot, I think.

<comment><USER33> >477.5°F

Perfect. Time for a steam powered generator add-on. BTC generating perpetual motion machine. :)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER34> Just when i thought quadcopters were cool ... I can see how, with a little chinese-fu magic the chinese could make space travel commodity. Or at least moon-droning. Certainly looking forward to pay a (short) visit to the first moon colony.

</comment><comment><USER35> That's freaking awesome!

</comment><comment><USER36> While America is wasting billions on waging wars and funding failures like Obamacare, other nations are advancing their science! China's next destination is Mars! I'm sure they will get there well before Mars One, which keeps pushing their dates further in the future!

</comment><comment><USER37> good news.</comment>


Algebraic Data Types: Things I wish someone had explained about FP - <AUTHOR> https://jrsinclair.com/articles/2019/algebraic-data-types-what-i-wish-someone-had-explained-about-functional-programming <comment><USER2> While I really like these blog posts for keeping things light and intuitive, they're also sprinkled with claims that go a bit too far.

        > Arrays, Objects, Maps, WeakMaps, and Sets are all algebraic data types

This isn't really true on a couple levels. Algebraic Data Types are described through a small set of composition (data) or decomposition (codata) operations. Arrays, Maps, and Objects might be explainable in this way (though, really, we'd just be modeling them with ADTs). WeakMaps and Sets really cross the line though. WeakMaps, by their nature, need to appeal to something much more than just ADTs and Sets require "quotienting" to unify sets which contain the same elements in various ways. You can build the "raw stuff" from ADTs, but you won't have something that really behaves much like these types at all until you add in something extra.

The emphasis on sum types is huge, but it leaves out something critical: "JavaScript doesn't have a lot of built-in features for sum types" is true of user-defined sum types (and related to it just not having types all together), but it has great support for a few special sum types: integers, booleans, characters! These sum types are important to talk about because it helps make clear that we already work with sum types all the time! Our basis for distinction and choice is built atop them in any language.

Finally, while products and sums get you some wonderful modeling capabilities, the place where Algebraic Data Types really shine is when you add two further capabilities: function types (exponentials) and recursion (fixpoint, which doesn't really map to high school algebra). Those are clearly built into JavaScript as well and would be great to discuss as well.

<comment><USER3> In what sense are integers and booleans sum types? What is the definition of sum types that booleans fit? Is it just that it can be true or false, and because there's the "or", it's a sum type?

<comment><USER4> > In what sense are integers and booleans sum types?

Natural = Zero | Successor(Natural)

Bool = True | False

The mapping from Natural to Integer is standard.

<comment><USER5> Assuming non-fixed width integers, how can you have an infinite sum type?

<comment><USER2> There's nothing wrong with an infinite sum, in principle. You can't usually define them unless you can use recursion. In the case of integers you can do

        data Int = Positive Nat | Negative Nat
        data Nat = Zero | Succ Nat

<comment><USER6> Though, that has 2 zeros, a positive and a negative one, but zero should be neither. To avoid that, you can do:

      data Int = Zero | NonZero Sign PositiveInt
      data PositiveInt = One | Succ PositiveInt
      data Sign = Positive | Negative

<comment><USER2> Good point.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> When I found sum types (in Haskell) I could not believe they had not been part of any prior language I'd learned. You can kind of fake them with inheritance but it's awkward, and you don't get totality checking, and you can't close the set of alternatives, so a new descendent added later can break things.

<comment><USER8> > I could not believe they had not been part of any prior language I'd > learned.

Huh? They're part of Pascal (known as variant records) and plenty of other languages besides. It's mostly C that lacks them, and even then you're just expected to implement them yourself, for maximum efficiency.

<comment><USER9> They're not present in the dominant statically typed languages (C/C++/C#/Java/Go) and not really a thing in dynamic languages generally, and so the vast majority of programmers never encounter the concept.

<comment><USER10> C++ has std::variant, but that's pretty new.

<comment><USER11> My understanding is that's not really a sum type, though -- e.g., you couldn't use it to add a type to itself, only to add _distinct_ types to each other.

<comment><USER12> No, you can add a type to itself (that is a pain in the ass though). You might be thinking of the fact that it may not hold a value (eg. if an exception is thrown while moving into it), but they made it as close to a sum as they could given the nature of C++.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Where does the author insert themselves into their imaginary social interactions? Are they the sneering functional programmer?

In particular, I wonder about their characterization of sum types. I had to search to make sure, but they never say the word "union". This is curious, because they do understand "tag" and "tagged" as words used to describe sum- type behavior, and because the classic way to explain sum types to "imperative" C programmers is as "tagged unions", or union types with a tag value that explains which of the union's constructors is present. C or Java programmers would instead prefer an analogy with subtyping, which the article proceeds to use, but by overlooking the tagged-union analogy, the author is actually missing out on both a useful analogy for reaching out to imperative programmers, and also how low-level implementations of functional programming languages usually implement sum types.

Pattern-matching is probably the killer part of ADTs, but only two paragraphs were spent upon the concept. Worse, it's implied that pattern-matching is tied deeply both to ADTs and to functional programming, when it occurs outside of those contexts. Languages like Python 3, Ruby, Racket, and Swift fall outside of the traditional "functional programming" traditions but still have interesting pattern-matching abilities.

The author _still_ doesn't know Haskell. Want an effectful loop? Control.Monad.Loops [0] contains many prebuilt loops, and they're written in standard Haskell. The ST monad [1] provides imperative variables and mutation. So does IO [2], if one insists on avoiding GHC for some reason. I agree that it's good to learn an ML, and Haskell is a fine choice, but the author needs to realize how drenched in Haskell memes they currently are, and to either learn _more_ of Haskell _itself_ , or to take a break from it for a while.

[0] [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/monad- loops](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/monad-loops)

[1] [https://wiki.haskell.org/Monad/ST](https://wiki.haskell.org/Monad/ST)

[2] [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base/docs/Data- IORef.htm...](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base/docs/Data-IORef.html)

<comment><USER14> My thesis is, that proclaimed functional programmers spend more time on mathematical structures than implementation details. Hence a sum type and not a tagged union (how the target evaluater distinguishes should not name the type).

<comment><USER15> Software developers are allowed to have discussions about "integer" types without being constantly interrupted by number theorists to remind them that those aren't really integers.

Perhaps one day we will be able to have similar discussions about sum types without constant interjections by functional programmers.

<comment><USER14> Yes indeed, as number theorists should be allowed to ditto.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> There are also union types. And sum types can be implemented in terms of union types: [https://waleedkhan.name/blog/union-vs-sum- types/](https://waleedkhan.name/blog/union-vs-sum-types/)

</comment><comment><USER17> A product type is just a closed group of values where you know in advance what will be grouped and what type the values are going to have that are part of the group.

A class in Java for example is a product type. As it describes a group of fields and their types. Same for a struct in C++.

Where I disagree with the article is that JavaScript does not have product types, because you do not have a definition of such a group of values in advance. A JS object does not list what values it groups and what type they each will have. A JS class comes closer in listing what values it will group, but not their types. Also, product types must be closed, and a JS class defines an open group, at runtime the object could group more then what it specified, unless explicitly frozen. You could say a frozen class defines a product of types where all types are the Object type and thus can be of any value, but that's a stretch, because product types are only as useful as they define a constrained product of possible values for the type.

A sum type is just a known list of possible types a value can take. That's the one people aren't as familiar with as most popular languages don't have a construct like it. It let's you say, this variable can be a String or an Int, but not both.

Often people say product type is AND while sum type is XOR. This variable contains a String AND an Int. They will both be there. So it contains both. That's a product type. This variable can contain a String XOR an Int, they can't be both contained, it is only one or the other. That's a sum type.

You can think in Java that all types are a sum type, they are either null or of their defined type. But null isn't a real type, more that it is an allowable value of all types. So it's a bit of a stretch.

Like the article said, best way to mimic them in popular languages is by extending an abstract class. Each type the variable can be will be a child of the parent. Thus a variable of type parent can be one and only one of its children. It's not full featured, you can't make existing types extend from the parent, so you can't arbitrarily define sum types using any available type. You also often can't list what are all the possible types of parent, depending on the reflection capabilities, knowing what all extend a type isn't always feasible. Also, the static type checkers don't consider these like sum types, so it won't tell you that you forgot to handle cases where parent is of one of its child type. Etc.

</comment><comment><USER18> [https://nrinaudo.github.io/scala-best- practices/definitions/...](https://nrinaudo.github.io/scala-best- practices/definitions/adt.html)

There is a lot of scala reference material regarding ADTs

</comment><comment><USER19> There's an old book Functional Programming: Practice and Theory by Bruce J. Maclennan to learn this if interested, it uses standard math notation instead of being restricted to teaching an existing programming language.

</comment><comment><USER20> I found the best nugget of this entire article to be at the very end

> Keep persevering. Don't give up. If you find that a bunch of blog posts > don't explain things in a way that makes sense, skip them. Keep looking > until you find some well-written ones. The same goes for courses and > tutorials. Everyone comes from different backgrounds. What makes sense for > someone else might not work for you. And that's OK.

I feel like this is advice everyone should hear, especially junior or mid level developers

</comment><comment><USER17> I actually think this is a great little series of articles.

Something I've found confusing with algeabric data types is the fact that they are not mathematical concepts. They originate as a programming construct and were invented as part of a programming language. They were then given a name that makes it sounds mathematical, but it was just an attempt at giving some kind of metaphorical meaning to them. Same as if I name a search engine Odin, because Odin was the God of wisdom. But if you thought it had anything to do with Norse mythology you'd similarly get confused.

People tried to find correspondence for them with mathematical theories. Thus, in Set theory they could correspond to Disjoint Unions of Cartesian Products. Or in category theory, they could correspond to Coproducts of products.

I guess you could say they came out of type theory, but I'm not sure of the history here fully. Did the extensions to simply typed Lambda calculus first came out of the theory or did it retroactively built a theory from the programming construct?

At any rate, my point is, these mathematical correspondence are very confusing. And I think it's wrong to try and understand these things from the mathematical angle unless you're a mathematician trained in one of the corresponding mathematical theories.

As such I think the article does a good job.

<comment><USER21> While I don't know the history of the term "algebraic data type", I do know that the algebraic structure of ADTs is much deeper than what this article presented. For instance this structure supports some limited notion of a derivative[1]! And purely algebraic manipulation of ADT "equations" can actually be used to generate some non-obvious results [2]. So I think it's probably wrong to say that ADTs were just "given a name that sounds mathematical".

1\. [https://codewords.recurse.com/issues/three/algebra-and- calcu...](https://codewords.recurse.com/issues/three/algebra-and-calculus-of- algebraic-data-types) 2\. [http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~ablass/7trees.pdf](http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~ablass/7trees.pdf)

<comment><USER17> That's all true from the fact that there are real correspondences with math theories. But like, that's the whole point of applied math no? To find correspondences with other things so that we can then leverage and apply the math principles to that thing?

I'm sure there's quite many things in programming language where you can use such correspondence to your advantage, not just ADTs. But we don't teach it starting from the mathematical correspondence and then back.

To put it more simply, most programming isn't thought by first teaching learners about theoretical computer science. Generally it happens either in parallel or you learn the theory after the fact. But for some reason, when it comes to functional programming it seems most teachers want to start with teaching you the theory.

And my above point is that, even historically, it is not always true that theory came first. Often times, the construct were invented and used practically from finding solutions to concrete problems, and later a theory around it was developed. In the case of ADTs, I'm not 100% sure which came first, but I know they were first implemented in the programming language Hope. Not sure if the theory was there prior or not.

<comment><USER21> I think you might be right in this case that practical use preceded theoretical understanding but that's not really my point. Software development certainly has examples of pseudo-math (for example there was a trend a few years back to write JavaScript that could run on both the server and the client. For reasons passing understanding, this was called "isomorphic" by some practitioners). All I meant was that ADTs are not that.

<comment><USER17> Ah I see. I believe you are correct. The correspondence seems to hold quite well, and even the name algeabric was pretty aptly chosen in this instance.

I'd be curious to know if there's an original paper on ADTs somewhere about it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> Union is a better example than Enum to explain what algebraic data type is. It's a natural progression from Struct as product type to Union as sum type.

</comment><comment><USER23> it should have been called 'How to implement Enum in Javascript'

</comment><comment><USER24> Okay, maybe the design isn't great. Can we talk about algebraic data types now? I come to HN for interesting discussion about interesting topics. I start to wonder why I bother when the only comments on a post like this, which actually concerns something that interests me, are complaints about design.

<comment><USER25> (If you think comments have gone off-the-rails, I find the best solution is to downvote the off-topic top level comments, and then make a substantive on- topic top level comment.)

<comment><USER24> I don't have anything interesting to say about ADT's. Or even many topics I read about. I'm mainly here to learn from others.

<comment><USER25> Then just downvote, and come back later.

<comment><USER24> I felt there was value in pointing out yet another comment about the design was unnecessary. Also, I was annoyed.

<comment><USER25> I contend that not only was there no value, it _added_ to the problem. Hence my suggestion.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Sorting Real Numbers in O(n √log N) Time and Linear Space - <AUTHOR> https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00776 <comment><USER2> Too bad arbitrary real numbers cannot be represented in finite memory.</comment>


Samsung set to remove headphone jack on Galaxy S8 - <AUTHOR> http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/12/07/samsung-set-remove-headphone-jack-galaxy-s8/ <comment><USER2> Dumb. Thanks, Apple, your trendsetting has caught on, and ruined things for the rest of us.

I'll never be convinced that removing a well-established standard, especially for something as prosaic as consumer headphones, is "the future". Well, maybe it is, but it's a stupid future.</comment>


Researcher discloses zero-day vulnerability in FireEye - <AUTHOR> http://www.csoonline.com/article/2980937/vulnerabilities/researcher-discloses-zero-day-vulnerability-in-fireeye.html <comment><USER2> Here's the exploit posting that they refer to in the first paragraph: [https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38090/](https://www.exploit- db.com/exploits/38090/)

<comment><USER3>
        ...&name=../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd...

There's nothing like the old classics...

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> One reason these vulnerabilities are so common is that the admin interfaces of appliances like FireEye's aren't normally exposed on the Internet.

<comment><AUTHOR> Ah, but there is no perimeter!

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> A cyber security company that does this

"the box has Apache, pushing PHP, running as root."

is not a cyber security company .. lol</comment>


Ask HN: The [Sales] Pitch Deck (for potential clients, not investors) - <AUTHOR>

I've a rough prototype developed. But before I even get to demo it, I want to talk to potential clients who may be interested in the product (or who could offer valuable input/feedback).<p>What is the best way to go about doing this? I'm planning on meeting up with a few potentials, and giving them a 6-slide deck, printed out. Is this how you guys do it? <comment><USER2> #1 rule of best salesmen or IBM sales school is not to pitch (not to give prints etc.) but to "listen".

This is hard discipline. One is always more comfortable throwing info about one's product at the prospect especially if you built it as you are in love w/ it.

Imho the deck is only there as backup (to show you did your homeworks). Best would be that you have a conversation with them about the space your are in (you want to learn and you want to ask them questions) and where they tell you (because they are happy to meet with sbdy that gets their context/pbs) their worries, what matters to them, what they need to solve.

So 1st find a way to signal/prove them you are very serious about listening to them, their context, their pains & needs. (you studied their annual report, their website, blogs, interview of their executives, heard them at a conference etc.). Deck is second and should start with "what we understand of your needs/context". my 2cts</comment>


Ask HN: Review my startup, fliqq.com - <AUTHOR>

<comment><USER2> There's a scroll bar inside the nested div on the homepage (latest FF).

Really takes away from the design.

</comment><comment><USER3> I want to punch Don!

Seriously though, why would I use Fliqq instead of Facebook?

</comment><comment><USER4> exciting concept. the synchronous engagement is gonna hurt you in terms onboarding and retention

</comment><comment><USER5> clickable: <http://fliqq.com></comment>


Handpas project: Catalog of hands in prehistoric art - <AUTHOR> http://handpas.juntaex.es/ <comment><AUTHOR> Unfortunately their website is half broken even on the day they have announced the discovery of three new hands in Altamira, and mostly not in English.

It's a pity how they miss the chance to be taken seriously by the world :(.</comment>


The Only Thing You Need to Get Good At - <AUTHOR> http://www.raptitude.com/2017/03/only-thing-get-good-at/ <comment><USER2> Link to the article mentioned in the post: [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/12/19/how-to-be-a- sto...](http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/12/19/how-to-be-a-stoic)

Raptitude is a pretty neat blog - I really enjoy his earlier posts. My favorite article is titled "How to walk across a parking lot":

[http://www.raptitude.com/2011/09/how-to-walk-across-a- parkin...](http://www.raptitude.com/2011/09/how-to-walk-across-a-parking-lot/)</comment>


Zed Shaw - The Dark Side of the Semantic Web - <AUTHOR> http://www.zedshaw.com/essays/semantic_quilombo.html

<comment><USER2> _I study a Brazilian martial art called Capoeira that was practiced by Brazil's slave population for about 400 years [...] finally the slaves overthrew their slave masters using Capoeira to forge modern Brazil._

I occasionally get free wireless from a combination Cafe/Capoeira studio in Berkeley. I shouldn't say much having never tried it, but the people there always look like they are more in it for the fun and exercise. Somehow I suspect there has to be more to this historic rebellion than just a bunch of slaves doing cartwheels to a hip beat.

<comment><USER3> 95% of martial arts studios in America are purely commercial: basically a Bally's with sparring gloves and gi's. Hardcore traditional schools are very selective in who they allow to train there or will often utilize a "weed out" strategy on newcomers (I've heard that Gracie BJJ schools are notorious for this). A Wing Chun school I was interested in made me go through two interviews before they decided that I would be allowed to train there if I chose to.

Because of its dance-like movements, Capoeira is often marketed as "yoga meets breakdancing meets pilates meets tae-bo" in order to attract women, which is probably what your local studio is doing.

</comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> This is from the essays section of his site.

Here's a fun tidbit from his essay on Rails (undated but obviously from right when Rails came out): "I'd also like to mention that the #rubyonrails IRC channel on irc.freenode.net is really good for information. The folks there are very nice, unlike similar channels which want to pound pulpits with their fat heads."

I know, I know -- a foolish consistency, hobgoblins, etc</comment>


My son won a gold medal. Then was robbed. Apple involved. HELP - <AUTHOR>

Hi HNers,
MY son won a gold medal for video game design and programming. His game was displayed at the Parsons School of Design in NYC starting in May 2014. Just over a month later, an exact duplicate was released in the Apple appstore (not by my son). It is now #10 in the rankings (called: No Brakes). It even used the exact shape for the vehicle.
Is there anything we can do? Any suggestions? <comment><USER2> Apple is "involved" in the same way that the city government is "involved" when someone steals your car and drives off down the street with it.

I sympathize with your son's situation, but starting out with "Apple involved." just makes me think your initial interest is seeing how much you could sue Apple for because some developer released a clone of your son's game. App cloning happens all the time. It sucks, but it's no more Apple's responsibility than it is that the city didn't stop the car thief from driving off with your car.

The developer is apparently UK based, so if there's any way you think they could have seen your son's game and cloned it in a month, you're free to complain to Apple and see if they'll pull the game, but beyond that I don't think they have any responsibility to help you at all.

I'm sorry for your son's rapid experience to learn that there are people out there who clone apps to make money off of someone's work. He should go have lunch with Dong Nguyen and Gabrielle Cirulli, they'll have something to chat about.

BTW, if you're on the "lawyer up" warpath, don't forget Google too for another fat purse to poke at. No Brakes is in the Play store as well.

<comment><USER3> Don't get me wrong, I don't think Apple or Google owe money here; I think OP should pursue the cloned game developer.

<comment><USER2> Oh, I'm not disagreeing with you in the least. Lawyering up may be the right thing to do, but going after a developer cloning apps for the in-app ad revenue isn't usually worth the effort. The original post had the distinct smell of chum around the edges, and thats what generated the harshess of my response, not your comment!

<comment><AUTHOR> OP here.

You weren't harsh. You had a clear point and made it.

If someone's on HN, I value his thoughts.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> What was Apple's response when you contacted them about this before posting on HN?

</comment><comment><USER5> Gold Medal! Robbed! Apple!

That's quite a headline. Unfortunately simple games are easy to copy and a _style_ is IP that is almost impossible to protect. I would tell your son that he should be flattered that someone liked his free game enough to reproduce it from scratch.

If he is trying to make a business out of this then this is a good chance to learn about how marketing is a good differentiator. If this is just for fun or for a portfolio then don't worry about it, and start working on the next project.

<comment><AUTHOR> OP here.

First of all, thank you [and everyone here] for adding your thoughts.

The goal of using hyperbole in the title was twofold: 1. hope to get out of the slush pile of "new" 2\. someone might have specific knowledge of a similar situation wrt apple. Even with the click-bait title, it just BARELY got out of slush with 3 votes.

My son and I had a good talk. He teared up a bit, but I could see determination to not get ripped off again. I think he will internalize that motivation to his benefit. He will not likely, though, submit his best ideas to contests. He does all the design, code, graphics and music.

<comment><USER5> That is one of the things that is always hard to judge here. I will respond to, but not upvote a post with a click-bait title. The Ask and Show sections also help posts some attention even if they never make it near the front page.

I appreciate the response, and I hope your son continues to work at it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> Lawyer up.

<comment><USER6> Sad but true. No way around it, IP (intellectual property) claims are a very tricky pursuit. An attorney would _at least_ be able to tell you if you have a case or not.</comment></comment>


Founder Conference 2011 is on with Guy Kawasaki and more - <AUTHOR> http://thefounderconference.com/silicon-valley/

<comment><USER2> I attended the Founder Conference last year (2010) and really enjoyed it. The panels and speakers were great and I enjoyed meeting the other founders.

</comment><comment><USER3> They really should discount presales...either mark up the prices for the door, or offer a 33-50% discount for booking online now before the full program is out. Personally $150 is above my price insensitivity, $50-75 would be below it, for a somewhat black box event five months off.

Although, I may not be representative, and decided to skip SXSW due to the $1050 ticket too, at least this year.

<comment><AUTHOR> If you follow twitter, you'll find out that the discount code currently is "earlybirds" and gives you 50% this week.

I also invited all of last year attendees with their own discount.

</comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> Let the record show that pg is hereby formally invited to speak at the Founder Conference :-)

</comment><comment><USER4> Is there a list of confirmed speakers anywhere?</comment>


Sony Apologizes for Online Data Breach - <AUTHOR> http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704436004576296302384608280.html

<comment><USER2> Key points from the conference summarized on reddit's /r/gaming: [http://www.reddit.com/r/gaming/comments/h1anz/key_points_fro...](http://www.reddit.com/r/gaming/comments/h1anz/key_points_from_the_sony_conference/)

<comment><USER3> Wow. I don't think Sony could be handling it any better than that. Bravo.

(Yes, they were incompetent for letting this attack take place. I am merely saying, in the wake of the disaster, there is no better way to handle it than the above.)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> But clearly this isn't important enough for the CEO to get involved with.

<comment><USER5> The CEO of which region of Sony? I don't expect an apology is coming from the American or European regions anytime soon. At least the Japanese region's reaction jibes with the Japanese way of doing business.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Im not sure how you would prove this, but if it could be proven, could Sony be held liable for identity theft damages that resulted from this data?</comment>


After New Zealand Shooting, Founder of 8chan Expresses Regrets - <AUTHOR> https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-new-zealand-shooting-founder-of-8chan-expresses-regrets-11553130001 <comment><USER2> This is a hackjob article. "Expresses regret", really now?

According to this google doc [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vNye_et1JZQquT9Oiz1wVnikEGU...](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vNye_et1JZQquT9Oiz1wVnikEGU8zUZ7/view)

Title: Towards a peer-to-peer imageboard: essential elements thereof and approaches compared

Author: Fredrick R. Brennan

Date: March 16, 2019

If someone who wants "more censorship" as the WSJ article espouses, along with "I have no desire to ever be involved in the image-board world again," he said. "A lot of these sites cause more misery than anything else."

.... Why would you work on a P2P censorship resistant, completely anonymous imageboard? Page 5 of that document puts it best:

"The Christchurch massacare adds new urgency, with publications like The Verge floating the idea of shuttering 8chan, Forbes flat out asking whether or not 8chan should be "wiped from the web", and the ever poorly researched Daily Dot offering its attempting to instigate action against 8chan and imageboards more widely."

I don't believe the WSJ in their reporting. They either got duped, or wrote an intentionally false article.

</comment><comment><USER3> [https://outline.com/8EN9Nb](https://outline.com/8EN9Nb)

<comment><USER4> amazing, thanks

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Alternative narrative: A great way to create an echo chamber of people with abhorrent views is to drive them all off of general platforms.

<comment><USER6> Yeah. I recently checked out Voat, as it was proposed as an alternative for reddit. Not saying that it's representative of the whole community, but the top of /v/programming was quite, erm, different to what I excepted: [https://voat.co/v/programming/top?span=all](https://voat.co/v/programming/top?span=all)

<comment><USER7> Oh wow, Australian ISPs have blocked voat/4chan/8chan

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> The paradox of tolerance is real.

Seems like humans have to rediscover this fact every couple of generations, the hard way.

[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance)

<comment><USER5> Isn't fighting intolerance exactly what someone who shoots up a mosque _thinks they 're doing_?

Finding paradoxes in absolutely-defined frameworks is _expected_ \- a concept like "tolerance" can only ever serve as an imperfect _heuristic_. To proceed beyond its limits, you must judge by other metrics.

<comment><USER9> I don't particularly care what someone who murders a bunch of people "thinks they're doing." Perhaps that makes me intolerant.

<comment><USER5> You mean that you don't care about discouraging the next one? _That 's_ the motivation to understand.

The point is that this "Paradox of tolerance" meme is invokable to escalate the aggression of _any viewpoint_ \- a paradox in the common (not not A -> A) logic system means anything can be proved.

We don't have a problem with the murderer and his enablers because they were _intolerant_ , but because they committed and encouraged _murder_.

<comment><USER10> > _You mean that you don 't care about discouraging the next one?..._

Can't really discourage the next one at this point unfortunately. People are going to do things like this, they have been for a while and will continue to do so in the future. These ideological extremists will be arguing back and forth forever.

All that said, there is the completely separate question of what our counter- terrorism infrastructure should be doing to identify and neutralize these threats. But that's not so much "discouraging" the next attack as it is attempting to keep the number of attacks to a minimum. Because I can pretty much guarantee, the counter-terrorism guys in NZ, or most other western nations, are not gonna be visiting suspected terrorists for the purposes of having a conversation in the hopes of "discouraging" them.

<comment><USER11> The motivation behind understanding what drives these kinds of extremists is to understand what about their view of the world drove them to start shooting people up, and then identify what led them to that point in their life and start addressing those problems such that other people don't end up in a similar position. A bit of a cat and mouse game in an abstract sense, but understanding and preventing future attacks by like-minded individuals requires understanding what leads someone to such a bad state in the first place.

This is, of course, in _addition_ to other counter-terrorism infrastructure like intelligence gathering, monitoring, security, response, etc. Many of those more well-known systems are intended to identify bad actors and prevent them from doing bad things; understanding bad actors can lead to more methods to prevent regular people from becoming bad actors in the first place.

<comment><USER10> >* identify what led them to that point in their life and start addressing those problems...*

Here's the thing, people been doing this for literally _MILLENNIA_ now, there _is_ no way to identify everything that will drive extremists to kill. That's the essential problem with that philosophy. Even where you _are_ able to identify the core issue, say for instance the religious divisions in the MidEast region, there is really no way to address the core problem. It's just far easier to engage the extremists, than it is to convince Christians, or Jews, or Muslims, to _NOT_ be Christians, or Jews, or Muslims.

Extremists will just never be placated, and we shouldn't put too much effort into trying, because that gets people killed as well.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> The internet, as a whole, doesn't learn lessons easily. Edgelords grow up, younger edgelords come online and replace them. It's always September.

<comment><USER8> The current internet, at least the powers that be, won't forget and will easily de-anonymize the current crop of edgelords.

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> In other news Putin signed into law more internet censorship bills this week. For all of the people claiming they desire more censorship, who gets to decide? You? The democratically elected Congress/Legislature/President (ruhroh)? If you want to fix this problem, the focus should be on helping those in society who have fallen through the cracks and would desire to harm others in the first place. Which requires real work and effort put into job placement programs and social safety net legislation. Instead what we'll probably do is start banning websites because most people are stupid and reactionary while real work takes effort. Sigh.

</comment><comment><USER14> His manifesto isn't even worth thinking about. Why I mentioned it? I give the benefit of the doubt because Ted Kaczynski one was even mentioned on hacker news and influenced the tech scene. But its not even 1% of that level.

</comment><comment><USER15> As an aside, I wish the WSJ didn't name the terrorist in their article and instead followed the NZ PM on leaving him nameless. If people really want to know it they can go to Wikipedia.

<comment><USER16> NPR did a great interview about what might work to prevent or discourage copycats. It was based on research into what people who commit these crimes are interested in. They had a couple tips that might make these events less appetizing for those who might commit them.

\- Not naming the killer frequently was one.

\- Focusing on the victim's lives (basically humanizing them) was another.

\- Not playing videos of the chaos and violence was another.

NPR actually seems to be following those patterns too. Not 100% because news is news, but I think news ogrs can follow them, and the information is still free.

<comment><USER17> > Not playing videos of the chaos and violence was another.

What research is this based on? Sounds suspiciously like "computer games cause violence" which AFAIK has been debunked.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> he recently put out a draft paper about decentralized imageboards, which we were discussing on 8chan. We want to make a fully p2p board without censorship, and optional curation lists (for spam and the like). We are tired of being beholden to the parties which would like us gone, so we will build something complemtely open and non-jurisdictional. There will be no censorship of the board (by governments, ISPs, DNS servers, CA authorities) and no censorship by board administrators. If the owners leave & turn off their computers, the site will continue to exist. Juan Benet used the term "open service," to describe something like this.

[https://t.co/xJt2dR3B7B](https://t.co/xJt2dR3B7B)

<comment><USER19> Hey man, as long as you can share images.

Everyone else just over here dying because white guys think it's about their freedom to do X. And please don't get confused. I am one too. I want to suggest if you are spending your time writing DRAFT proposals of a p2p image sharing amazing protocol that can't be taken down by any jurisdiction man .... well that's theoretically useful for every freedom-loving man everywhere but most likely something useful to child pornographers and there are lots of people actually suffering under boots and heels of tyrants now and what they don't need is you writing RFPs while sipping Mountain Dew.

If you can't see all the trolling about race and gender and just people in general isn't helpful and is actually causing people harm in meatspace, that's something you should work on.

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> 8chan is not the problem. People are the problem. If he never made 8chan they would have congregated somewhere else. I think this idea that unsavory websites breed their unsavory bits is pretty close to blaming school shootings on video games.

<comment><USER21> Considering that a bunch of Christians were massacred by Muslims in Nigeria around the same time as the New Zealand shooting and those killers weren't known to be active Internet forum users, your theory seems correct.

[https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/culture/matt- philbin/2019/...](https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/culture/matt- philbin/2019/03/19/other-massacre-networks-silent-islamists-butchering- nigerian)

<comment><USER16> I don't think a given atrocity that doesn't involve the internet... says anything about what might or might not happen with the internet... your conclusion makes no sense.

Also that talking point about Christians in Nigeria has been a common talking point among folks who seem very interested indirectly playing down the NZ event, and I belive ignores that Muslims were massacred before the Christians in Nigeria just before the Christian event...

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> If he felt so strongly, why didn't he shut the site down?

<comment><USER23> he doesn't own it, you should read the article before posting.

<comment><USER22> I read the article. He founded and instead of shutting down, he "cut ties".

<comment><USER23> yes he cut ties because he doesn't own it. Explain to me how he can shut down a platform he doesn't own?</comment></comment></comment></comment>


How Azure Sphere Ensures IoT Security Within a 4MiB Linux Stack - <AUTHOR> http://linuxgizmos.com/how-azure-sphere-ensures-iot-security-within-a-4mb-linux-stack/ <comment><USER2> (nested 2 links from OP)

[https://m.seeedstudio.com/productDetail/3052](https://m.seeedstudio.com/productDetail/3052)

 _> This Azure Sphere development kit can be only used for prototyping. It cannot be built into a product for commercial distribution. It cannot be re- sold or used as part of a production environment ... The software included in this product contains copyrighted software that is licensed under the GPL, LGPL or other open source license_

Can GPL software be restricted by use case?

 _> To use the MT3620 Dev Board for Azure Sphere, you'll need a Windows 10 PC_

What's the timeline for allowing use of Ubuntu or Red Hat Linux to develop for Microsoft Linux with Azure Sphere?

<comment><USER3> It requires you to click a checkmark box for "I agree to the restrictions" to add it to your cart. I suppose that's what they consider to be restricting your usage to their approved use cases, not copyright.

<comment><USER2> That link is blue (similar to hyperlink) but it doesn't have Terms & Conditions or other text that defines a legal agreement. Unclear what is being asked or agreed.

<comment><USER3> Only _after_ you've agreed to it does it popup the text "This development board can be only used for prototyping, it cannot be built into a product for commercial distribution. It cannot be re-sold or used as part of a production environment."

I suspect adding anything about restrictions was a last-minute job for Seeed, and it's probably not something given too much effort on their part. Realistically, an $85 devboard isn't going to end up being built into production items. And they're probably going to be a low enough quantity item for Seeed that they can manually look into any instances where someone has ordered more than 3 or 4 and just stop sending any more to them if it really rises up to being enough of a problem for Microsoft to complain.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> I think the big win is that now instead of every IoT company trying to figure out how they can update endpoint devices, the company that has been doing endpoint device updates for 20 years will give it to you as a service if you use their platform.

<comment><USER5> I'm gonna repost comment made by niftich year ago because it's spot on:

        Internet of Things isn't about people hooking up jailbroken Kindles to
        one-way mirrors to show the weather. It's not about Ardunios and
        Raspberry Pis being used to collect some data, move some servos,
        and make a blog post about it. It's about big money to be made
        by introducing new monetization channels in places there were none before.

(For some reason I was downvoted -4 last time)

<comment><USER6> I think this definition is too limiting. I do agree with data collection part though.

Webcams, thermostats, bulbs, wrist watches, tv...

Basically any electronics we have used since forever without issues would now need to be connected to the internet. Mostly for zero consumer benefit.

For most of these, Ardunios and Raspberry PIs would be overkill.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> > Linux can be made to run — just barely — in as little as 4MB of RAM

Yep we have come a long way from Slackware 2.0. How times change.

I have been following Azure Sphere since the early days, but what I still miss from all available documentation and presentations, is what Microsoft is doing at C level for a platform whose selling point is security.

I would expect them to take this opportunity to push Checked C, or hardware pointer tagging (like on SPARC) into mainstream.

<comment><USER8> There is indeed some work on memory tagging happening on ARM, including a new hardware extension. This (excellent) talk covers it: [https://cppcon2018.sched.com/event/FnJs/memory-tagging- and-h...](https://cppcon2018.sched.com/event/FnJs/memory-tagging-and-how-it- improves-c-memory-safety)

So it is not impossible Azure Sphere would explore it.

<comment><USER7> Thanks for the heads up.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> > Initially, the Azure Sphere OS team tried using SSH server with a fixed root > password for security

Umm, what??

<comment><USER10> It's so bad out there Alex.

Tanks are running around with hardcoded admin passwords and most devices use unencrypted, unauthenticated busses. Often multi-master.

Why? Because it's easier.

That's it.

And for a while it was fine because bridgeware wasn't a thing and we hadn't started connecting everything to the internet.

<comment><USER7> Morris Worm happened in 1988 thanks to C's "security features", yet little has been done, beyond putting band aids on top of band aids.

Maybe I get to see some kind of "Safe C" actually being adopted in the UNIX world, before the 50 years' anniversary of the Worm.

<comment><USER11> 50 years from 1988 is 2038, I think we'll all be busy running around trying to figure out if we have anything still running on 32bit hardware ;).

<comment><USER7> I was being sarcastic as I am sceptic about the industry at large actually caring about without a couple of massive lawsuits.

Cheap always trumps quality unless there are some legal requirements going on.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> So what is Azure Sphere? I read their website and I tried _really hard_ to get past the corporate bullshit speak, but in the end I had to give up. It's just meaningless mumbo-jumbo.

So what is it, exactly? Something to do with IoT and cloud... but what??</comment>


Capitalism Should Return to Its Roots - <AUTHOR> http://www.icahnreport.com/report/2009/02/capitalism-should-return-to-its-roots.html <comment><USER2> >> The real problem is that many corporate managements operate with impunity with little oversight by, or accountability to, shareholders. Instead of operating as aggressive watchdogs over management and corporate assets, many boards act more like lapdogs.

Amen, brother. I also like his idea to allow shareholders to move the legal domicile by a simple majority vote.</comment>


Nokia will disable the key feature of its scale - <AUTHOR> https://www.engadget.com/2018/01/22/nokia-disables-pulse-wave-velocity-body-cardio/ <comment><USER2> Apparently, regulation seems to be the reason the feature is being discontinued. I would have preferred they renamed the feature than removed it wholesale.

Perhaps, this is a warning sign about the life expectancy of cloud-based devices. For example, I cannot imagine buying a washing machine or refrigerator connected to the internet.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> What's your take on this?

I basically bought a product and now the software update is going to remove some key functionality.

<comment><USER3> edit: sorry, this is not directly responsive. I intended to post at the top level.

I own this scale, and am bummed. I finally figured out how to reliably (as in, repeatably) get it to work, by first letting it measure my weight, and then bracing myself against the wall to prevent minute movements that tripped it up. Without doing this, and instead treating it like a normal scale, it had a poor track record of successfully making the measurement.

They claim they were not prompted by the FDA, but made an internal decision based on the possibility the feature would run afoul of regulation in certain unnamed jurisdictions.

I'm trying to decide the odds that they're being straight forward, or covering for inaccuracy of the device that they've decided will be a liability.

I wonder that, because I'm curious whether it's worth the effort to prevent the scale from receiving the destructive update.</comment></comment>


Picking technologies for a desktop app in 2016 - <AUTHOR> https://fman.io/blog/picking-technologies-for-a-desktop-app-in-2016 <comment><USER2> I am planning for a while now to check out Electron with Opalrb. What i am saying you can even pick a language if you are restricted to some, it does not make it easier tho.</comment>


Change.org Petition: Tell media not to use 'Hacker' when they mean 'Cracker' - <AUTHOR> https://www.change.org/en-IN/petitions/huffington-post-please-use-the-word-hacker-in-a-positive-sense-and-the-word-cracker-when-you-want-to-talk-about-someone-who-breaches-computer-security-for-a-wrong-purpose

<comment><USER2> This is probably as futile and misguided as Stallman's effort to get everyone to say "GNU/Linux". Once a word serves its functional purpose within a community it's going to be used to communicate whatever idea it communicates. Words are often used contrary to what their etymology and history would seem to imply. I don't use "hacker" to mean "intruder," but I'm not going to waste any effort "correcting" people who do.

<comment><USER3> I agree. I think the generally accepted meaning has evolved over time. Hacker, to most people, now means cracker/intruder.

Perhaps a more positive way to approach this is to popularise a different term for what we mean by hacker (tinkerer, maker). It's not admitting defeat by abandoning the original meaning - it's taking the path of least resistance and evolving with the language.

<comment><USER4> The thing is, a cracker/intruder is also most likely a hacker, in the more mild sense of the term. They wouldn't be able to crack/intrude without 'hacking' in order to have that ability/knowledge.

The problem is that people think of A when they read B, because to them, they don't understand, or care, enough about the history of word to properly use it.

<comment><USER5> Most crackers are script kiddies, using exploits or code developed by someone else. So most crackers are not hackers in the Stallman sense.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Earliest recorded usage of the term "hacker" in a technology context:

\----

1963 The Tech (MIT student newspaper) 20 Nov. 1 Many telephone services have been curtailed because of so-called hackers, according to Prof. Carlton Tucker, administrator of the Institute phone system. … The hackers have accomplished such things as tying up all the tie-lines between Harvard and MIT, or making long-distance calls by charging them to a local radar installation. One method involved connecting the PDP-1 computer to the phone system to search the lines until a dial tone, indicating an outside line, was found. … Because of the "hacking," the majority of the MIT phones are "trapped."

\---

(I wrote an article on this many years ago [http://imranontech.com/2008/04/01/the-origin-of- hacker/](http://imranontech.com/2008/04/01/the-origin-of-hacker/))

<comment><USER7> Yep, sorry guys - I know I'll get crap for this, but:

The word is the clue as it implies 'invasive force'. Any other meaning is only going to be accepted when enough of you agree 'it is so'. The original meaning (and I've always known it as such, 30+ years) is perfectly outlined by the paragraph above. It does not refer to white-hat stuff.

The original word is 'hack':

 _cut with rough or heavy blows._ _hack off the dead branches_

 _a rough cut, blow, or stroke._ _he was sure one of us was going to take a hack at him " (in sports) a kick or hit inflicted on another player._ _a cut or gash._ _a tool for rough striking or cutting, e.g., a mattock or a miner 's pick._

I'm going to catch shit for this. Can't we all just get along? :)

EDIT: Fine down-vote me you evil b'stards - _b 'stard is a person without married parents_ :)

<comment><USER8> Actually, that definition matches the other usage, too: people force a system to do things it isn't supposed to do; they "hack" at it until it works.

(But I agree that "hacker" has meant invading systems as long as it has meant anything else)

<comment><USER7> Fair enough: It will ultimately depend on what the majority decide on. It's all just another perspective I guess.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> I'm afraid that ship has sailed, returned, unloaded the cargo and then sent the crew home for hiatus.

<comment><USER10> Agreed - it's waaay too late to change this now.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I'm pretty sure I read this complaint on Slashdot, circa 1997.

Despite what people claim, it wasn't true then and it isn't true now. For example the movie "War Games"(1983)[1] uses the term Hacker to refer to someone who hacked into computer systems.

A word can have multiple connotations without causing problems.

[1][http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames)

<comment><USER11> I hope people get this already. Hacking is a skill set, and a general approach to doing things. As with everything, you can use it to do all sort of things, some of them less nice.

</comment></comment><comment><USER12> I feel like this does a great job at exemplifying the futility of petitions on Change.org.

</comment><comment><USER13> "Dear media, please stop using a word your readers understand, instead say a racial epithet that's been used for the last 140 years."

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_(pejorative)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_\(pejorative\))

<comment><USER14> I have an idea, let's use the term 'honkey', it even almost sounds like 'hacker'…

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> Back in the 90's and early 2000's this is what I thought 'Hacker' and 'Cracker' meant

Hacker - A person who circumvents a walled network.

Cracker - A person who circumvents a walled software.

<comment><USER3> By the late 90s this is exactly how I understood the terms.

Even now I don't hear many people in the local tech community (Scotland) refer to hackers as we mean here (unless it's prefixed with something, for example "Python hacker").

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> We'd have more luck just inventing and adopting a new word to replace hacker, any suggestions?

<comment> artumi-richard Craftsman or Artisan strike me as a good place to start.

<comment><USER17> oh yes venerated software 'craftsmen' because we don't have enough ego as programmers.

<comment><USER18> In some countries, e.g. Canada, you can get a serious Software Engineering degree that's right up there with mechanical engineering etc. In fact, you're not allowed to call yourself a software engineer without that degree.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> "cracker" was invented as a derogatory neologism to attack one group of people that called themselves "hackers" by another group of people that called themselves "hackers".

That ship sailed approximately with the first documented use of the word "hacker": [http://imranontech.com/2008/04/01/the-origin-of- hacker/](http://imranontech.com/2008/04/01/the-origin-of-hacker/)

This petition is bad and its creator should feel bad.

</comment><comment><USER20> In my experience, even those who use the term not in the 'Cracker' sense disagree on its meaning. Definitions range from 'elite programmer' to 'programmer who operates in a disorganised, haphazard manner'.

'Cracker' also has racial connotations in the US, doesn't it? Language is complicated.

</comment><comment><USER21> It's just not going to happen.

Either resign to the fact, or simply come up with a better term to describe what a hacker is.

In fact, what is a hacker anyway, just a talented coder? What about hardware hackers? A maker? Someone technical, but concerned with beauty? What about jailbreakers, are they crackers?

</comment><comment><USER22> I'm afraid I'm just adding to the pile here, but still: this is complete nonsense.

Hacker is a word that always had several interpretations. And, in fact, the _network intruder_ one is of the oldest.

In fact, cracking, in software, _is_ a very specific thing: bypassing copyrights/copy protections/limitations.

If you don't like what Hacker has meant and still means, don't apply it to yourself.

</comment><comment><USER23> Shouldn't this post title have a "(1998)" next to it?

</comment><comment><USER24> We started using "intruder" instead of "hacker"/"cracker" at Rublon. It seems to work pretty well.

<comment><USER25> I usually refer to 'crackers' as 'black-hat hackers'

</comment></comment><comment><USER26> I have seen the term "hacking" been used to describe using a device via its interface, as intended..

Starting my car with a key is not hacking, starting my neighbors car with his key is neither. Obtaining the key without consent, might be. But that again could in fact be social engineering.

In comparison, using another (master)key that happens to fit would be akin to "cracking". If one engineered the key himself, thàt (along with the required investigative research work) might be hacking.

</comment><comment><USER27> Listen please: the original meaning of "cracker" is someone who defeats locally installed software protections through patching/modifying the compiled program code. "Cracker" as a term is historically unfit for describing online exploits. Look up "SKIDROW" or "Phrozen Crew" or "Razor 1911" for examples of groups that (at least originally) worked/works primarily as crackers.

</comment><comment><USER28> Finding a word other than "cracker" to designate people using computers for illegal purposes would be a useful exercise. Otherwise a lot of entirely legitimate activity gets tarnished and if you describe yourself as "hacking" then ordinary folks get the wrong impression.

</comment><comment><USER29> Rather make a petition to stop people with no real technological skillsets glorifying themselves as "hacker" every chance they get. Be it on HN, their own blogs or facebook.

Making wordpress themes isn't hacking, no matter how hard you want to ride the web 2.0 train.

</comment><comment><USER30> I first heard of pg through a slashdot article on his book _Hackers and Painters_. I remember lots of people writing that that word "hacker" was utterly lost and should be retired. The mere existence of the petitioner in this article—Hacker Rank—a company that is taken seriously by the tech industry shows how wrong those commenters were. That the site I write this comment on—Hacker News—is so heavily trafficked by creative builders rather than malicious intruders is icing on the cake.

It's hard to change the meaning of a word, but in this one case a reclamation is well underway.

</comment><comment><USER31> Personally I would settle for them not referring to heartbleed as a virus..

</comment><comment><USER32> Isn't the definition of hacker infact a cracker?

I don't think a community (not HN, just in general) can just coin a term and expect to change the definition for all.

<comment><USER33> > Hackers from this subculture tend to emphatically differentiate themselves > from what they pejoratively call "crackers".

This has been going on for tens of years. Hackers feel like the media has wrongly appropriated the word, but nothing has changed in the meantime.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28programmer_subculture...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_%28programmer_subculture%29)

<comment><USER34> I think there's a bit of an attempt to retroactively broaden the historical scope of this specific usage of "hacker", though, which is part of the confusion. Until at least the mid/late-1980s, "hacker" in this sense was more or less local MIT slang, used at MIT itself and at some MIT-linked organizations (the FSF, Symbolics, Lucid, etc.). I don't believe it was in use by people doing similar things in other locations, without MIT ties. For example, nowadays people cite Woz and the Homebrew Computer Club as archetypical examples of the hacker ethos, but as far as I know, they didn't use the term themselves in that period to describe what the HCC was doing.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER35> Cracker also has a racial definition.

</comment><comment><USER36> Thing is that 'cracker' is already two things - a flat savoury biscuit, and something you pull at christmas. Hacker only has one popular meaning.

</comment><comment><USER37> How to accomplish this: need some group to determine and call themselves 'hackers' and sue everyone for actually associating with crackers by calling them hackers. Hence it'd be politically incorrect to call them hackers. Done!

</comment><comment><USER38> Am I the only one not concerned about a word having two (or more) connotations? It seems common in English...

Sometimes I say "painter" and I mean a guy who paints walls, and sometimes I mean a guy who paints pictures.

</comment><comment><USER39> Whilst you're there, get them to stop using "cyber" too...

</comment><comment><USER40> At first I thought this is the most pointless petition ever. But then I realised the whole point of it is to promote their website. It's kind of sad to see petitions being used in this way.

</comment><comment><USER41> While we are at it, we can tell modern religious literalists that 'Baal' means Lord, and that El and YHVH are different Gods as well, and that all three once competed for followers.

</comment><comment><USER42> Better to petition them to use the term "malicious hacker".

</comment><comment><USER43> Don't sweat it and let context guide you. It's not as if hackers are some kind of minority group that needs protection. Moniker, no moniker, who cares.

</comment><comment><USER44> I would like to sign a petition not to use 'Hacker' to hype basically anything. Shorter even banks will look for "Hacker" accountants.

</comment><comment><USER45> How about just stop reading the Huffington Post if you don't like the way they write?

<comment><USER46> It's not just Huffington Post. There are more newspapers and publications added in the list.

</comment></comment><comment><USER47> I'd also like to petition SV people to stop using the term "growth hacker".

</comment><comment><USER48> How do we call "people obsessed with how mainstream media represents them" ?

</comment><comment><USER49> No. Own it. Hackers share many of the qualities and flaws. Get over it.

</comment><comment><USER50> Fighting semantic drift is literally the hardest thing in the world.

</comment><comment><USER51> Can we not just accept that "hacker" now has two meanings?

</comment><comment><USER52> PLEASE HACK INTO THE ENEMY FIRST

</comment><comment><USER5> More lost causes on Change.org

</comment><comment><USER53> Change.org is one of the most accurate signals of "ineffective people".

</comment><comment><USER54> Hackers can be either white hats or black hats (or something in between: grey hats). The moral ambiguity is part of what makes the appellation interesting.

This whole attempt to make "cracker" happen feels like a bunch of people desperate to call themselves "Hackers" and feel cool, but without scaring off boring BigCorp employers.</comment>


The YouTube Collection - <AUTHOR> http://www.youtube.com/theyoutubecollection <comment><USER2> Am I the only one where this page comes back empty (In Chrome and IE)?

It's also not in Google Cache.

The only things I found were these: [http://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.co...](http://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=http%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2ftheyoutubecollection&d=69958382311&mkt=de- DE&setlang=de-DE&w=17a5d363,be2f26cc)

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_UmWdcTrrc></comment>


HackNotifier: Get an email and text if your account is ever leaked - <AUTHOR> http://www.hacknotifier.com

<comment><AUTHOR> Hey guys, my co-founder and I were inspired by a comment on HN where the poster said he'd like to have the functionality of "shouldichangemypassword.com" on a subscription basis. This is the result.

We'll email/text you if your account ever comes up in the leaks that we're constantly adding to our database for only $9.99/year.

We'd love any feedback, and would be glad to answer any questions.</comment>


Normcore: how a spoof marketing term grew into a fashion phenomenon - <AUTHOR> http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/dec/17/normcore-spoof-marketing-term-fashion-phenomenon

<comment><USER2> I don't know much about fashion well nothing but I'd have thought Nomcore sounded better. Like self-deprecating, self-satirical.

<comment><AUTHOR> It hardly needs a push over the edge, I'd argue that it's self-satirizing already. For example, looking at [1], one might think that they're just having fun. Until you realize the person who posted this is the Executive Editor at Genius.

It's art, really.

[1]: [https://www.facebook.com/300220/posts/10100460584701364](https://www.facebook.com/300220/posts/10100460584701364)</comment></comment>


Ask HN: Good short programming books - <AUTHOR>

Recommendations for programming  books that are short in length but still valuable in content? I find that many programming books are lengthy and as a result I am demotivated to start (or finish) reading them. By short I mean preferably under 200 pages. <comment><USER2> "Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby: An Agile Primer" is a really good book for learning object oriented design. Not sure how long - but it's worth it - and you don't really have to read the whole thing.

</comment><comment><USER3> Pragmatic Programmer is great. It's overall page count might be long but it is broken into short, isolated chapters.</comment>


How NASA might build its first warp drive - <AUTHOR> http://io9.com/5963263/how-nasa-will-build-its-very-first-warp-drive

<comment><USER2> I don't know too much about the underlying technology and/or science but I do know that more people should be getting excited about this. A warp drive!! What!!!

</comment><comment><USER3> Maybe it's because I'm a physics nerd... but this is awesome. Technology like this is truly a "passport to the universe". Thanks for posting</comment>


Apple calls popcorned CPU "liquid damage" [video] - <AUTHOR> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2r-g8EaTfY <comment><USER2> These videos -specifically the ones calling Apple out for water damage- are some sort of weird internet phenomenon.

Apple's stated and written policy is "we replace everything if we detect water damage, no negotiation". Thats the real story, and thats what we should debate. There is nothing mysterious about this, it's just a business decision that sometimes makes getting your computer repaired at the genius bar impractical.

And that is an important point to debate, especially with the upcoming software check of all replacement parts. Will Apple allow Grossman to access that tool? Or will they be shutting him down?

Instead of having that debate, it seems like we're trying to foment some sort of outrage cycle about fraudulent repairs, when every example of these "fraudulent" repairs is just a genius bar employee repeating some variation of their policy. "If your liquid contact indicators have changed, we must replace every part that got wet"

Is Grossman himself behind this? Because I believe misrepresenting that policy, misguided as it may be, as 'fraudulent' is probably going to hurt the battle more than it helps. And even if it is helpful in the end, it is dishonest.

<comment><USER3> The problem is that Apple simultaneously is using every means possible to prevent 3rd party repair.

Sure, if Apple wanted to declare everything that has the water sensors triggered as water damage and require a full replacement, even though their sensors get triggered by humidity, fine. As long as there are opportunities for customers to take it to an authorized Apple repairer or a 3rd party repairer to consider alternatives.

However, authorized apple repairers have to follow the same policy, and Apple is doing everything within its power to prevent unauthorized reparers from accessing schematics and parts, including using customs and copyright laws to prosecute them.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> There is some point in the claim, but still it feels bs.

You can popcorn a chip during reflow, some components are extremely moisture sensitive so they must be soldered the sane day they were removed from package, but you can't get popcorn from mechanical repair or a few touch ups with a soldering iron.

So, a screwup on Apple's contract manufacturer side is much more likely.

<comment><USER5> > you can't get popcorn from mechanical repair or a few touch ups with a > soldering iron.

Yes you can, I've done it. Moisture sensitivity is about heat (and the resulting steam expansion). It doesn't matter whether its from the factory's re-flow oven or your hot air rework station.

<comment><USER4> Hot air station is not a 20w soldering iron in steady hands

<comment><USER5> How you will solder a thousand ball BGA part as in the video with a soldering iron?

Almost all surface mount is designed for hot air. You can touch up an MLCC with an iron but you are very likely to crack it with uneven heat.

<comment><USER4> Yes, but certainly not every repair requires replacement of a bga part. The most common are screen, buttons, usb connector, aside from the port, all other are purely mechanical.

<comment><USER5> Apple doesn't really use through hole parts - the connectors are SMT. I can't see any high volume repair shop using a soldering iron on SMT parts when hot air is so much easier and faster. A hobbyist might, but only because they don't have the hot air rework tools.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> How can we prove this is in-fact what Apple said? Where is the documentation? I guess I am just cynical, after seeing what people will do for clicks/views/attention.

<comment><USER7> >How can we prove this is in-fact what Apple said? Where is the documentation? I If video counts (hidden camera) there is such a video on the same youtube channel.</comment></comment>


Apple Approves iPhone App That "Promotes School Shootings" - <AUTHOR> http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/07/20/apple-approves-iphone-app-that-promotes-school-shootings/ <comment><USER2> Can we please ban any TC article on HN? Nothing but FUD to generate pageviews.</comment>


The Curious Case of the Curious Case - <AUTHOR> http://daringfireball.net/2015/12/the_curious_case_of_the_curious_case <comment><USER2> I read Daring Fireball basically everyday. Most of what John writes that is non-political I find insightful or amusing.

This post which is a defense of the battery case makes me sad because it just feels so disingenuous. I've been using Apple products since before it was cool and this is the ugliest product I can remember the company releasing. It's hideous and not even that great at what it is supposed to be because of the smallish battery capacity. I can't get over how the top and bottom aren't even symmetrical. It's so gross. It's definitely something Apple should have said no to.

Had this been released by Samsung, it would have been a link list item featuring an insulting joke. Instead we are treated to a nearly 2900 word justification of why this battery case isn't as bad as the other battery cases already on the market. Painful.

<comment><USER3> For sure it is ugly, but one thing about Gruber's post intrigued me, how it felt in your hand.

Personally I use a minimal case, but my parents use a larger battery case and I've always found holding their phones awkward.

It is hard to tell from photos, but I might consider it if it actually felt good in my hand.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Even most of your average Apple fanboys don't like the new case. Yet Grover still manages to find ways to defend Apple in a very lengthy argument that can basically be summarized as: battery cases are traditionally ugly, so Apple isn't any worse than the competition.

As for power users needing battery banks/cases; I don't know what is construed as power usage, but my iPhone 6 can't last a full day away from the charger. It last as long about long as the iPhone 4 it replaced.

Yeah, in a "typical" weekday where I go from plugging my phone at home to plugging it in at work and back to plugging it in at home the phone has "good" battery life. But on the weekends where I spend all day outside, it dies before the end of the day unless I carry a battery bank.

<comment><USER5> I'm curious how old it is. Mine was plugged in overnight Thursday. I got up around 5:45 Friday, worked all day, and then went to a Christmas party where I stayed the night (no charger with me). The first time it had a chance to charge was Saturday afternoon, and it was still around 30% or so.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> John Gruber from Daring fireball is known Apple fanboy. I'm aiming to bee known word-count-dude.

This is 2701 words of Apple apologia. For freaking battery case. That's funny, but it's also signal that we are not really talking about battery case here.

For some reason people seem to need social justification to use Apple products. Which hints that they might be more about status than utility. Be honest with yourself people. That matters more than being honest to others.

</comment><comment><USER7> Sadly John Gruber doesn't write constructive arguments >against< Apple.

It would be an awesome read if there was some criticism about Apple software, which nowadays is buggier than ever.

I'm using an old iPhone 4 as a second phone which has iOS6 and it definitely gives you the "stability" sensation I got from buying apple products before. Compared to iOS9, which only opening the "Watch App" gives me the feeling that I'm using some CYDIA software. Not to mention the UI bugs ( especially the search screen, which is tremendously slow on my every-day iPhone 5 ).

</comment><comment><USER8> I can't believe how bad the battery life is reputed to be with iPhones — my OnePlus One can get close to three days at least (never let it run down further).

I do miss my old candy bar phone: it could last for over a week on a charge. Happy days!</comment>


Show HN: CCPA Compliance in a Box - <AUTHOR> We made ccpatollfree.com to be shortest path to demonstrating the most visible aspects of CCPA compliance--having the required "Do Not Sell My Personal Information" link and a toll-free number.
Grab a free trial and we'll provision in real time a working toll-free hotline and privacy manger panel to embed in your site for your Do Not Sell link.
You'll still need to update the wording in your privacy policy and develop some internal policies, but in under an hour with ccpatollfree.com, you can check the box on the two required methods for letting consumers register privacy preferences.
Tech stack: rails + postgres at Heroku, plus a side of Twilio. <comment><USER2> _Disclaimer: this is my brother 's company :)_

I love the following bit from the ToS ([https://ccpatollfree.com/terms/](https://ccpatollfree.com/terms/)), including GDocs for-comment link:

> ...we do not individually negotiate these terms. However, this site is made > by lawyers for lawyers, and if something in these Terms prevents you from > signing up, please comment here. If we find your comments compelling, we'll > upgrade these Terms for all our subscribers.

 _(ToS language rarely makes me smile -- at least non-sardonically.)_</comment>


Agile and waterfall ignore a huge element of task estimation - <AUTHOR> https://medium.com/@christianmaioli/are-we-ignoring-some-valuable-aspects-when-doing-estimates-aa3ca92c4d9 <comment><USER2> Now you need to come up with a name for it and start a certification process and start charging for training and certification...</comment>


Show HN: Twitter and Yahoo Answer = Toortl - <AUTHOR> http://toortl.com <comment><USER2> It looks more like quora.</comment>