New experimental drug rapidly repairs age-related memory loss and improves mood - <AUTHOR> https://newatlas.com/experimental-drug-prevents-memory-loss-depression/58489/ <comment><USER2> ... in mice.

So if you're a mouse of old age and fear alzheimers you can be happy, it's as good as cured. If you're a human however this likely has little meaning for you.

<comment><USER3> This comment can be found on all hn threads about medicine. Maybe we need better models for testing? e.g. remove 14 day limit for testing on embryos, genetically edit mice to make them more like humans or make very small and short lived chimpanzees.

<comment><USER4> It can be found on all HN threads about medicine _where the only evidence is found in mice studies_.

Your proposed changes in testing are either impractical ("genetically edit mice") to do in a way that actually translates well (and that also translates in a nonspecific way) or very, very unethical (later embryo testing, earlier testing on animals which are sapient).

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> The scary part for me isn't whether it works- either it does, or doesn't- but how long it's effective before some part of the brain adapts to it. Imagine it gets widely marketed, millions of people taking it, then we all learn that after 3 years it's "Flowers for Algernon".

<comment><USER6> I remember reading an article years ago (I want to say in the New Yorker in the late 90s?) that made something like this point and kinda alarmed me. It pointed out that a second generation of anti-depressants (SSRIs like Prozac) had emerged and been aggressively marketed just as patents were expiring on the first generation (Lithium?) and some troubling long-term effects with those earlier drugs were becoming apparent. It questioned the long-term effects of this new generation of pharmaceuticals. (Or even shorter-term effects whose data had not yet been fully collected and analyzed.)

I have tried periodically to relocate this article but have not yet been able to find it. It's probably old enough now that one could even evaluate the validity of its forebodings.

<comment><USER7> Lithium is a mood stabilizer, and greatly predates modern psychiatric intervention. I believe that the earlier generations you're thinking of are tricyclics and MAOI's (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors). Both are still used, but are no longer the first pharmaceuticals of choice.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I wonder if it will be an addictive medication, as it is based on benzodiazepines which are quite known to have severe withdrawal effects and causing tolerance quite fast.

</comment><comment><USER9> Exercise, sleep, omega-3s, and fasting also can improve memory.

[https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/regular-exercise- changes...](https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/regular-exercise-changes- brain-improve-memory-thinking-skills-201404097110)

[https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/why-do-we-need- slee...](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/why-do-we-need-sleep)

[https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252198.php](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252198.php)

[https://www.collective- evolution.com/2015/12/11/neuroscienti...](https://www.collective- evolution.com/2015/12/11/neuroscientist-shows-what-fasting-does-to-your-brain- why-big-pharma-wont-study-it/)

But of course big pharma can't make any money from these...

<comment><USER2> > But of course big pharma can't make any money from these...

I hate to break this to you, but big pharma is making lots of money from omega 3 pills.

<comment><USER10> Is that big pharma or the smaller generic manufacturers? I genuinely don't know.

<comment><USER11> The supplement industry in the US is around $122b/yr, whereas the pharmaceutical industry in the US is around $510b/yr.

Not sure if some of big pharma has a stake in the dietary supplement industry, maybe the original commenter could provide a link?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> If anyone wants to know what this might feel like, get on a gaba blocker. Then get off of it. Notice the difference. GABA is important stuff in your brain.

Note: I don't actually recommend doing this. GABA blockers can fuck you up.

<comment><USER13> > GABA blockers can fuck you up.

Drugs of this class are used to induce seizures in studies. They can kill you.

</comment></comment><comment><USER14> I can't tell from the jargon ... does this drug increase GABA in the brain or decrease GABA in the brain? How does it compare to for example the drug pregabalin?

<comment><USER15> From the few details they included, I think it's likely more complex than a typical GABA analog, so the effects may not be as simple as raising or lowering GABA.

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> This is pretty much a pharmaceutical company's dream: it hits a segment with more disposable income and apparently will require sustained usage.

On the other hand, miracle drugs for dementia and senile decline are announced every ten minutes and I've just started tuning them out. Everything falls flat on human trials. We're stuck with what we have.

<comment><USER17> Metformin and rapamycin look promising.

<comment><USER18> Someone recommended Metformin on HN, and I've been taking the recommended maintenance dose without issue for a few months. Can't tell how well it works though for aging, as it's binary (still alive be dead).

I do notice I have lower blood sugar levels, which helps me keep weight off with less diet strictness and exercise.

<comment><USER19> Just sayin...did you talk to a doc or is that harmless for side effects?

<comment><USER18> Worst side effects are similar to a bad batch of Taco Bell.

No, did not talk to a doctor. I'm a responsible adult and did my research.

<comment><USER20> Then how did you get an Rx?

<comment><USER18> Internet order from outside the US.

<comment><USER21> If you can get a prescription, it's dirt cheap.

<comment><USER18> I don't have a PCP, and am not willing to exert the effort finding one who is onboard with my aggressive approach to self-directed healthcare.

<comment><USER22> Use Zocdoc to find a local PCP with lots of availability. The ones with lots of availability are more likely to prescribe whatever the patient wants and needs.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> Great. I'll buy some for my old, senile mouse. Maybe.

<comment><USER24> You got downvoted for snark but it is quite important to draw attention to the fact that mouse results seldom map straight onto humans. This is particularly true for aging drugs since mice are shorter lived anyway and their aging is faster and different.

<comment><USER25> I've wondered recently how much the reverse is true.

Can we reliably determine that a product is safe for humans by testing it on animals, or is that also a fallacy?

<comment><USER26> Generally we don't test products on humans if they kill animals first.

<comment><USER27> We've likely missed cures or treatments with this method to, there are lots of nutritious foods that are effectively poison to some animals. New (unnatural) compounds and chemicals would very likely be even more varied in their effects.

<comment><USER26> I think this is a well known downside. The upside is we kill fewer humans, and I think IRBs are very comfortable with that tradeoff.

<comment><USER27> Not sure this is a valid argument; An unknown number of deaths[a] caused by possibly _not_ developing a treatment, vs an unknown number of deaths[b] caused by possibly developing a treatment.

Where as deaths[b] could be, in theory, a controlled and limited number of willing participants, deaths[a] could, in theory, be millions of disease victims.

a is not fewer than b.

<comment><USER28> Utilitarianism doesn't change the fact that it would be immoral to randomly kill a bunch of people for questionable gain, in a pharmaceutical setting.

How many of those "willing participants" should be referred to a psychiatrist for suicidal tendencies, or are desperate people being exploited by the pharmaceutical industry.

<comment><USER27> >Utilitarianism doesn't change the fact that it would be immoral to randomly kill a bunch of people for questionable gain, in a pharmaceutical setting.

Actually loeg made the Utilitarianism argument 'well known downside[let sick people die]. The upside is we kill fewer humans' my disagreement was limited to the use of the word _fewer_.

>How many of those "willing participants" [are willing]

Good point. The best reasoning would be [for the test subjects] that in their current financial situation it makes sense to take this chance.. If this is immoral then we should be questioning every dangerous job out there. i don't know, maybe we should be.

I feel like a lot of animal testing is worthless; And i get the impression its done to prove to the wrong people(CEOs Shareholders media) that we value human life. The point here is that it might very well cost human life, and not a small amount at that.

<comment><USER28> > If this is immoral then we should be questioning every dangerous job out > there.

Precisely, and for the same reasons.

> I feel like a lot of animal testing is worthless; And i get the impression > its done to prove to the wrong people(CEOs Shareholders media) that we value > human life.

I don't know enough about pharmaceutical testing, but I do feel the animal testing phases are a bureacratic requirement.

As I'm not mistaken, when creating the Ebola vaccine is the last few years, many steps were skipped and large scale human testing happened very fast.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Google's Antisocial Behavior - <AUTHOR> http://www.docpop.org/2011/08/googles-antisocial-behavior/

<comment><USER2> Really?? It is exceedingly clear in the Terms of Service that you link to, where is says to "use your full first and last name", that the name "Doctor Popular" violates the terms of service. I think it is pretty clear what Google is trying to do here and to try and make your self sound like the victim here is disingenuous at best.

At this point if you refuse to use your real name you are no longer being persecuted, but simply making a choice not to use their services because you don't agree with their policies. Don't look for other peoples pity "Doctor Popular".

<comment><USER3> _edit: formatting_

Ignoring the TOS for a second, isn't the main part of the complaint that his _entire_ Google account is locked out?

This isn't just a 'please choose a "real" name' for access to G+ ... it's 'you can no longer access any Google service'

Granted, it's as a result of his choice of his name, but everyone affected by this is amazed by how their entire Google life is put on hold indefinitely due to someone not liking their chosen identifier.

<comment><USER4> And, as he points out, other people with "normal" (whatever that means) names, some of whom have supplied govt ID as proof), have still been denied their appeal.

What does it mean that Google is this insane about this one little thing? Yes, directed advertising is the obvious answer for an advertising company.

But you DON'T need a real name to have advertising directed your way, all you need is a record in a database. If I registered with G+ as John Smith (not my real name) they would be none the wiser, notwithstanding any correlation with my gmail and outside sources that they may or may not perform. The ads would still get to me.

However, if they were selling correlation to third parties ...

<comment><USER5> It has more to do with the atmosphere than ad targeting. Pseudo names, screen names, random characters that can't always be pronounced scare away people who don't spend much time online. In most social settings, it's common for people to share names, for it to be pronounceable, and for it to be familiar. Like the "Trash" icon being where you dump your unwanted files, or the "Magnifying Glass" being where you search, you want users to feel familiar with your product. Google+ is pruning away a bit of the geek subculture so it doesn't become a huge majority and scare away a much larger crowd.

If Google+ ever becomes a household name, there'll be much less emphasis on real names. The risk of a super majority on Google+ by a minority in the real world will be gone.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Enough already, no one cares.</comment>


Three of My Customers Have Cloned My Product - <AUTHOR> http://myles.io/thoughts/3-of-my-customers-have-cloned-my-product

<comment><USER2> This seems like a post written by someone who values ideas much more highly than execution. Ultimately if you're actually providing value beyond whatever code you wrote does and executing at a high level you should not be scared of the competition at all.

Ideas do not create value for a customer, execution does. Perhaps it all relates back to the fallacy of passive income and the build it, release it and sit on a beach philosophy that just isn't reality in any competitive business environment.

<comment><AUTHOR> OP here. Great comment, thank you. I'm definitely a proponent of execution > ideas. I hope I made that clear in the post by saying:

"I don't mind that their app does exactly the same thing as mine. Or that I could lose business over it. It's that they've slavishly copied the minor details that I'm so proud of."

The minor details I think are a result of execution, not the ideation. However I think you'd disagree - would love to hear more on 'executing at a high level'.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> This is why God invented EULAs, into which you have a well paid lawyer insert careful verbiage saying that by using this service you agree not to make a clone of it or we'll sue your ass, and then proceed to sue their asses. I'm betting that most of the clones would shut down rather than pay for ongoing court fees of something that'll be a pretty clear copyright violation (all your UI stuff is copywritten).

<comment><USER4> There are a bunch of comments here that say something along the lines of "F the clones, outperform them. Execution beats ideas, etc." While you should absolutely focus on creating the best product and best service, you are doing your business a disservice by not pursuing these routes and giving your business the best chance to succeed. Don't be shy about using the legal system - it's there for many reasons, including to protect rights and provide a just playing field for everyone.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> One of my friends loves to throw the pizza restaurant analogy out all of the time. There are many pizza restaurants and they all have some different level of success. Each pizza place offers something just a little different than the others. Ultimately, the winners will be the ones that offer a better overall service. You already have "out-compete" in your mind set so you should be fine.

<comment><USER6> I like your analogy, I usually use a slightly different pizza restaurant analogy. In my town there are all sorts of places to get pizza:

\- 1: Domino's, Pizza Hut, Papa John's

\- 2: Little Cesars

\- 3: Mom & Pop shops selling ~$5 pizzas

All three types offer pizza (not identical, but still) and seem to coexist just fine but their strategies are pretty different: 1 & 2 spend millions on national campaigns, 1 & 3 offer delivery, 2 & 3 have really cheap pizzas, etc.

I think the takeaway is that product alone isn't enough, you also need a solid strategy to take a place in the market.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> Well, I suppose that is the danger in going with an idea that is simple to execute and that doesn't have some kind of networking effect.

</comment><comment><USER8> Do you want the fresh apple or the rotten apple? They're both apples. Make yours the fresh apple.

</comment><comment><USER9> Isn't it reasonably easy to copy let's say Trello? Why it doesn't happen?</comment>


Disk space usage leak in Docker for Mac - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/docker/for-mac/issues/371 <comment><USER2> I am not sure that this belongs on the front page of HN, but the problem seems to stem from the `virtio-blk` driver they're using not supporting TRIM, which causes space to never deallocate once the VM writes to a block.

Switching to `virtio-scsi` and sending regular TRIMs could fix this issue. It looks like they're also allowing people to configure the maximum size of the qcow2 image, which puts a hard upper bound on how much space the VM will take.

<comment><USER3> (I'm a Docker employee working on this very issue. I guess my plan to take a break by reading HN failed!)

You're completely right -- it's a problem caused by lack of TRIM in the storage path. In the next beta of Docker for Windows (beta 31 due today hopefully) TRIM should be enabled. The Mac will take a little longer as we need to switch protocols and do more work on the host side -- unfortunately the default Apple filesystem doesn't support sparse files so we can't "cheat" by simply passing the TRIM down to the filesystem layer. We'll probably need some kind of explicit block-level compaction to shuffle blocks from the end of the file into holes that have been created by TRIM.

<comment><USER4> Keep in mind the Apple file system is going to change early 2017! (APFS)

<comment><USER5> It's going to be a long time before it's widely deployed.

<comment><USER3> I'm looking forward to trying APFS, particularly support for sparse files. But you're right, it'll take while before we can rely on it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Everything old is new again. I posted a Docker issue about the default storage driver (DeviceMapper) not correctly freeing unused space nearly three years ago: [https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/3182](https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/3182)

From what I can tell, that issue was never truly resolved. The advice is like the adage about finding romance, "Have enough storage, don't run out of storage." As long as you follow that advice, you will never have a problem.

Oh, you installed Docker on a cloud provider with limited local disk, or on your laptop? Silly you for thinking that a finite amount of storage and the default configuration of Docker was adequate.

<comment><USER7> Same here. I've also bumped into various storage issues with docker. Really drove me mad a couple of times... And like parent stated, the Docker docs about these issues reminded me of the XFS faq. Which stated about data loss for unclean shutdown (powerloss, panic): "If you know it hurts don't do it". In the end docker is just not as robust as for example SmartOS / Triton with ZFS.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I've given up with Docker on mac. It's a complete joke that they even consider it out of beta. The windows version is faster but doesn't handle file change events yet (or something like that). I just said screw it and switched my dev machine over to Ubuntu.

<comment><USER9> Agreed. Forget usage leaks, Docker for Mac _doesn 't even work_ on my system, and five days later after reporting it, nobody cares. It used to work, many versions ago, but they've somehow broken it entirely between redesigning the UI 2-3 times and switching from VirtualBox (which worked) to OSX Virtualization (which so far doesn't). See [https://github.com/docker/for- mac/issues/984](https://github.com/docker/for-mac/issues/984)

In addition, they don't seem to care that the whole thing is useless in China - [https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/28791](https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/28791) \- also after emailing, no response.

I have contributed to Docker since very early days but am frankly not using it now because the project has for all intents and purposes entered a toxic-to- the-community stage where hype and marketing exceed capacity to resolve issues, total fails are occurring for me on all platforms, and AFAIK nobody in their over-funded San Franciscan office bubble seems to care. It's a typically arrogant startup: not listening to users, heading for a fall.

It's like they've decided to _re-invent downloads_ (badly), _re-invent cross- platform hypervisors_ (badly), _re-invent orchestration_ (badly), _re-invent storage_ (badly) and roll it all up in branded glue. I can't help but wonder if an approach with broader applicability and longevity would segregate the OS (anything container or VM-like at any layer, from Erlang to BSD jails to diskless clusters), and environment paradigm (container-based, paravirtualization-based, bare metal) from the workload and truly enable infrastructure agnoticism by removing the dependency on a single shifting- sands component, and allowing people to A/B test identical workloads on disparate paradigm infrastructures. I tried a few years ago, it worked: [http://stani.sh/walter/cims](http://stani.sh/walter/cims)

<comment><USER10> > they don't seem to care that the whole thing is useless in China

You filed a GitHub issue on the docker repo about their infrastructure deployment.

They kindly (and correctly) pointed out the better way to resolve the issue and you insulted them.

Sorry you haven't heard a response to email. Hopefully that works in China too.

<comment><USER9> Realistically, how they choose to divide their issue resolution is irrelevant except in terms of how much friction it causes with users and developers.

From a consumer perspective, if you can't _docker pull_ then docker is ~useless, so being a key software feature within the docker binary it's not unrealistic to expect the average person to report directly to docker on github.

The fact we have to report _fundamental issues_ that should never have passed _basic testing_ in an _extremely well funded company_ is the really amazing thing here.

Even if they wish to maintain a separate issue resolution process via email, a better resolution would be "I have forwarded this to the email support team, please expect an email" (since github IDs all have email associated anyway, this should be easy).

Right now they have ~maximum friction, and no response at all.

You will be pleased to note that email works fine in China (obviously - otherwise how do you think global trade operates?), unless you use NSA/Google as your provider.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Docker for mac was the most blatantly not-ready-for-primetime piece of software I've installed on my mac the past 10 years.

</comment><comment><USER12> I suppose this is better than when the disk usage wouldn't grow at all.

It's not all that terrible to manage this yourself under light-to-medium usage, but if you're constantly experimenting with new machines and run into this more than once a week I'd say it's time to use docker remotely.

</comment><comment><USER13> I've gave up from Docker for Mac the first time I've tried it.

</comment><comment><USER14> Docker for Mac has issues that make it unusable? You don't say!</comment>


Git Management for WordPress - <AUTHOR> http://revisr.io

<comment><USER2> Wordpress is less than ideal for managing via git, primarily due to their plugin architecture. The best way I have managed to use git is to put the repo at the wp-content level and only watch the theme and plugin directories. Then anytime I make updates to a plugin or group of plugins, I make sure to commit those changes as a seperate commit to what I am normally working on. It is tedious and hacky, but it at least gets me basic version control functionality with the ability to roll back on any code that can effect theme functionality.

<comment><USER3> This is my workflow as well. Not ideal, but better than nothing.

Though I will say the biggest pain point with Wordpress is syncing and merging DB changes amongst team members, since so much of WP configuration is stored in the DB this becomes a real point of frustration especially on very large sites. I'd peg that problem as a much higher priority in terms of WP workflow than how to manage git inside WP admin.

<comment><USER4> this is a massive problem with all kinds of CMS including Drupal which we are using often. Drupal 8 is introducing configuration management, i.e. saving database configuration in yaml files which makes them "gittable". I hope wordpress and other CMS will also adopt this or a similar way.

<comment><USER5> The Features module in Drupal 7 is a semi-workaround [https://www.drupal.org/project/features](https://www.drupal.org/project/features) but I've hated Drupal a lot because of this. Too much stuff is stored in the DB.

<comment><USER6> Forum One just released a sort of "Features for Wordpress" plugin:

[http://forumone.com/insights/configuration-management- finall...](http://forumone.com/insights/configuration-management-finally- comes-to-wordpress/)

[https://github.com/forumone/wp-cfm](https://github.com/forumone/wp-cfm)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> It seems as though it works in reverse from a normal git setup--items which get changed on the server directly through say a UI initiated upgrade can be tracked and reverted in GIT from a dashboard. Kinda cool for single server installs.

Storing the DB state in GIT is going to be an issue with a site of any substance.

</comment><comment><USER8> I've done this before (though not using this solution), and I'll never do it again. Managing Wordpress (and the database backups) with Git causes ENORMOUS history files over time, to the tune of many gigs on the server depending on the size and configuration of the site. It isn't worth it. Perhaps only monitoring a couple directories (such as plugins) would be better, but too limited for a serious whole-framework solution.

<comment><USER9> I use a .gitignore in root directory and ignore everything but the files that I control - theme and custom plugins.

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Slightly offtopic: was surprised yesterday when publishing my first plugin at wordpress.org to find they use SVN.

Thankfully there was a deploy.sh script on github [1] which could be used to deploy your plugin from git repo straight to wordpress.org's SVN repo. :)

[1] [https://github.com/pdclark/deploy-plugin-to-wordpress-dot- or...](https://github.com/pdclark/deploy-plugin-to-wordpress-dot-org)

</comment><comment><USER11> Wordpress in next to not manageable with git anyway in my experience.The plugin system is totally broken when it comes to versioncontrol. Anything added to wordpress might f.. up the db or the cms itself. Wordpress codebase is f.ed up, ugly, badly architectured yet this is the most popular CMS and its ecosystem is huge. It's amazing and scary.

<comment><USER12> You sound like you may not know how to do it. I manage a medium-large sized site with Wordpress and git and it works great. Why would you ever try to check plugins into git? You are not supposed to touch anything outside of your theme folder. I have never had any issue updating anything.

<comment><USER13> > You are not supposed to touch anything outside of your theme folder.

Uh, what? Any medium/large site inevitably ends up with a few custom plugins.

<comment><USER14> Plugin functionality can be coded into the theme itself. Unless it isn't 'custom' that is. Then there is a plugins folder.

<comment><USER15> Themes should only be used as templates. Functionality for the most part belongs in plugins.

<comment><USER3> Thats a pretty bold statement. Kind of curious the reasoning

<comment><USER15> I guess I view this separation as an adaption of The Single Responsibility Principle. This is how I view themes & plugins, and their relationship. Your theme is used to display your site, it's navigation, content, it controls the markup browsers see.

Plugins are for adding functionality to your site, if you want a sitemap, there's a plugin for that. Not happy with your current sitemap? Install/Create a new plugin, replacing the old one. If your sitemap isn't working, where do you look? Your sitemap plugin's code.

The importance of having this separation of tasks, removes a lot of risks too in my opinion. If your site isn't working instead of risking having to change your theme, you can deactivate the troublesome plugin. Albeit finding the offending may be difficult, but at least you're not changing the total design of your site.

Hence why I believe in plugins and themes having distinct tasks. It really helped me organise the development, and maintenance of sites.

Here's a pretty decent setup for using git with WordPress too. [https://github.com/markjaquith/WordPress- Skeleton](https://github.com/markjaquith/WordPress-Skeleton)

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle)

<comment><USER3> This is why I love HN. Such an in-depth smart response. Really making me rethink how I build on WP. Thank you

<comment><USER15> First time I've contributed something of value on here. Thanks!

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Great job: making Git work outside it's familiar environment is a headache, but such an important problem to solve. It looks like they are some point on the way to doing it with Wordpress, so all the props to them. Keep on keeping on and don't let the naysayers get you down!

</comment><comment><USER9> Very useful for situations where SSH access is not allowed but exec('git'); is :)

</comment><comment><USER17> So what would you say is the benefit of this over a basic github integration?

<comment><USER18> database changes I think?

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> Trying to compete with versionpress.net?

<comment><USER20> Considering this is shipping I'd say it's rather the other way around.

Versionpress sound like they're going to try something a bit smarter with the database file though.

<comment><USER21> Version press still doesn't have a defined pricing structure. Competing against Open Source on Github doesn't bode well for them!</comment></comment></comment>


$100 DNA test imminent - <AUTHOR> https://www.marketwatch.com/story/youll-soon-be-able-to-get-a-dna-test-for-100-heres-the-company-behind-the-breakthrough-2018-11-30?mod=hp_minor_pos20 <comment><USER2> This is not a great article. If you're interested in Illumina I think these are better

[https://www.wired.com/2016/02/gene-sequencing-goliath- wants-...](https://www.wired.com/2016/02/gene-sequencing-goliath-wants-get- bigger-still/)

[https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2014/08/20/flatle...](https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2014/08/20/flatleys- law-how-one-company-became-the-force-behind-medicines-genetic-revolution/)

</comment><comment><USER3> This article written by a non-expert. The cost of genome sequencing has been relatively flat in the last couple of years; and Illumina, being the monopoly, has no incentives to reduce the cost of sequencing. Also; despite what some commenters seem to think, it doesn't get to keep the data people sequence on its devices, any more than your printer company owns the content of what you print.

One would likely get sequenced many times over a lifetime - a so-called "liquid biopsy", meaning sequencing circulating DNA & tumor cells in your blood, can catch aberrant cancer-related mutations earlier and help predict cancer / catch it earlier. Once this is mature, people will likely take this test every 5 years etc.

<comment><USER4> I think the BGI/MGI will probably provide an incentive. Recent reports suggest that their instruments are starting to produce reasonable data (80% > Q30).

Illumina have ~90% [1] markup on consumables. They can afford to reduce their price to $100 per genome (and have said they will). With the pressure applied by the BGI I can certainly see this happening.

[1] [http://41j.com/blog/2018/11/illumina-consumables- are-90-prof...](http://41j.com/blog/2018/11/illumina-consumables- are-90-profit/)

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> It seems the total value Illumina can extract from DNA tests will be limited.

Doesn't a 100$ test put a cap of 100$ per person?

Once sequenced, you don't need to sequence your DNA again, right?

<comment><USER2> There are reasons to sequence an individual multiple times: tracking their microbiome, tracking the genetic evolution of their tumor, looking at gene expression, etc. There's not much value in sequencing someone's genome over and over again though.

Additionally, there's a lot more to sequence besides just human. Illumina does genotyping for agriculture, they supply 23andme and Ancestry with their SNP chips, sequencing for forensic applications, etc.

<comment><USER6> > There's not much value in sequencing someone's genome over and over again > though.

There's plenty of value to each custodian that gets their own copy though, just like every cloud company wants their own copy of your name, email, and physical address.

<comment><USER2> Sure, but IMO it would be silly for another player to sequence you again rather than negotiate access to the data.

<comment><USER6> Ah, I see you're not in medicine. Physicians will repeat studies of arbitrary cost at the drop of a hat.

<comment><USER2> But in those cases, they are actually looking for changes. For germline WGS there are no differences.

<comment><USER6> a) we generally don't have access to the records of any other health systems in the area.

b) we generally assume the older data is stale. In the case of omics: did they keep the unaligned reads? What version of the genome was it aligned against? Was it a graph alignment? What depth? Did my geneticist approve of this methodology? The SNP evaluation? The variants? This goes all the way down. They'll question what generation of instrument produced the data, the duty cycles on the instrument, and on, and on, and on.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> I really like how this article was written. This is often hyped as the $100 genome sequence, but as the article frames it, its more of a genetic map for $100.

Very promising tech, but we still have a ways to go before the $100 full- genome sequence. Until then, genome-wide mapping for $100 will lead us to further breakthroughs.

<comment><USER8> I don't understand what you mean by this being a genetic map, this seems like an unrelated concept: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping)

This article is definitely about the potential to sequence people's genomes for $100. Part of the confusion may be that a process called _mapping_ is a necessary step to figure out where each of the hundreds of millions of ~200 nucleotide reads for a genome came from - you "map" them back to the human reference genome for comparison.

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> What's the status on sharing this data? Will I have my genome sold to marketers if I do this, or will they delete their copy right after?

At least I'm in the EU, thank god for the GDPR.

<comment><USER10> Yes this is the biggest issue. If I can send off my DNA with a $100 bill and get a computer generated report encrypted and sent back to me with no trace left behind of my DNA or identity then, sure. Otherwise, I can wait.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> You can already get a free DNA test if you're willing to donate your genomic data.

Source: [https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/nebula-genomics- la...](https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/nebula-genomics-launches- platform-offering-opportunity-for-free-dna-sequencing-and-control-over- personal-genomic-data/)

<comment><USER12> Not entirely true as it might sound.

I joined the program a week ago. Did all surveys and I'm currently sitting on 550 credits. To qualify for a their main genome sequencing, "Low-pass Whole Genome Sequencing (0.4x coverage)", you need 1000 credits or $99. But if you want whole genome sequenced, you need to order their flagship product, "Clinical-grade Whole Genome Sequencing (30x coverage)". Which is greyed out on their website currently. And I'm not even going to guess how many credits is that going to cost.

<comment><USER13> As a point of reference, the rate for ~30X human whole-genome sequencing is about $1,300, though this number depends on a few factors like the sequencing machine one uses.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> Oxford Nanopore is the disruptive company putting pressure on Illumina. They're racing to the $100 genome and Nanopore is the newer, cheaper tech that Illumina is trying to mimic.

Illumina is a bloated monopoly that hasn't lowered its prices in years. They are anti-innovation.

<comment><USER4> Oxford Nanopore is currently far more expensive and lower quality than Illumina sequencing. A single minion run costs $500. It doesn't even provide a single x1 complete human genome.

You can currently get a complete x30 human genome using Illumina or BGI sequencing for similar cost.

It's not clear that Oxford Nanopore can reduce costs. It's not even clear to me that the Minion runs are currently sold at a profit. The chips are quite big, and not easily reused. Fabrication costs are likely significant.

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> Is $100 the cost the real cost or is it subsidized by keeping your data?

</comment><comment><USER16> > Illumina's sales mix is the secret to its success.

So this prediction is based on business principles, not new technology? I'm skeptical.

</comment><comment><USER17> In India/China with population in Billions, these tests aren't available or affordable.

No company is building Genome Databank through user-friendly collection of saliva.

I don't know why 23andme doesn't have local offering in India.

Who will courier sample to an international lab? Specially, from a country like India where sending anything out or importing in is just too difficult.

23andme isn't expensive for me but they don't offer pickup service in India?

<comment><USER18> >> _In India /China with population in Billions, these tests aren't available or affordable._

Probably the government will be offering them for free--and mandatory. In China, I'm almost certain that it's just a matter of years. Driving license, passport? Let's swab a bit the inside of your cheek.

India also has [https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-india- database-2017-stor...](https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-india- database-2017-story.html) ...DNA is the next logical step

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> Gattaca here we come: "Sequence this strand of hair for me will you?"

</comment><comment><USER20> Is it possible to alter your DNA to make identity impossible?

<comment><USER21> Are you talking about a sample or the DNA in your body?

I really doubt that you want to do the latter.

<comment><USER20> General identity, not facial, etc. Think of it like changing a username.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> data leak of millions of dna files also imminent, then</comment>


I presume DF is blacklisted. But why Vesper? - <AUTHOR> https://twitter.com/gruber/status/342695288336691200

<comment><USER2> As mentioned by the comments on twitter, DF isn't blacklisted on HN (last link to it was 2 weeks ago, not months ago as claimed).

John Gruber has presumably just mistaken not being popular for being blacklisted.

<comment><USER3> Vesper isn't either, just below this post are 3 vesper related links.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I never realized they were the same thing. To think I've been missing out on Daring Fireball's useful note-taking features all this time.

Edit: I suppose a more suitable and direct answer to the question would be to quote John Maynard Keynes: When my information changes, I alter my conclusions. What do you do, sir?

</comment><comment><USER5> I think John is referring to one of these two stories, and I don't see any anomalies in either of their trajectories: <http://hnrankings.info/5833716,5833388/>

In my opinion, sitting at rank 22 with 90 points over 5 hours isn't half bad, and probably is due to a relatively slow news day.

</comment><comment><USER6> is this because with https it's not appearing in his referer logs?

[if i add this line i get back above the copy comment! page ranking seems to depend on number of lines in post?!]

</comment><comment><USER7> The switch to https = no referrer in whatever analytics he uses.

</comment><comment><USER8> DF isn't blacklisted. I read (and actually quite enjoyed) "Google Versus" that was posted here three weeks ago. Additionally, a search reveals other decently upvoted DF submissions within the referenced time period.

Nice to see DHH spouting off some _stuff_. (I'm sure he'll apologize as soon as he realizes he and Gruber are simply confused) [DHH : HN :: Adrian Chen : reddit]. They ought to just leave well enough alone. Everytime they open with a blanket dismissal and comment on the participants of a site like reddit or hacker news, they really just make themselves look like angry resentful people.

I swear to God, I hope I never have the ego and name recognition that these people do. The paranoia that must cause someone to worry about their site being blacklisted from here and then assuming that a project they're involved with is ALSO blocked... is just a tad amusing. (And then taking to a soapbox without bothering with a 10 second search to confirm)

edit: Sorry if I got fired up, I'm having a hard time adjusting to my amazingly changed life now that I have yet another "gorgeous" "easy" note taking app that only works on one platform and doesn't sync to anything useful.

<comment><USER4> Well, Vesper is on the front page right now, so I read the question as "DF is blacklisted, so why isn't Vesper?". I believe he presumes that HN has a personal dislike for him and any project he is involved with.

<comment><USER2> If that is what he meant, it is almost still just as silly. Just because we (allegedly) don't like the guy's blog doesn't mean that it only makes sense that we should dislike something else that he is associated with. Not unless he thinks our (alleged) dislike for his blog is not merit based, but rather some unfair form of persecution aimed at him as a person.</comment></comment></comment>


How to Design a Good API and Why it Matters - <AUTHOR> http://www.scribd.com/doc/33655/How-to-Design-a-Good-API-and-Why-it-Matters <comment><USER2> Great article. I guess Google wants the bootstrapping web 2.0 entrepreneurs to design good APIs to make acquisitions that much easier?</comment>


BetaList's Marc Köhlbrugge learned code by hacking video games as a kid - Pete-Codes https://www.nocsdegree.com/interviews-wip-and-betalist-founder-marc-kohlbrugge-taught-himself-to-code/ <comment> Pete-Codes Marc made WIP, a Telegram chat group which I love. I was really curious about his background and luckily he was good enough to answer my questions. Turns out hacking a video game helped him a lot.</comment>


Techniques for investigating untypical Go memory leaks - <AUTHOR> https://www.cossacklabs.com/blog/investigating-go-memory-leaks.html <comment><USER3> "When we've initially started [..], dominant was Go 1.3, which had mechanisms to detect memory blocks allocated inside used libraries and all such blocks were to be freed by GC. Go 1.6 significantly improved its memory management, however as part of those improvements memory allocated by external libraries was no longer garbage collected by the runtime."

This looks like a serious API break.

To be fair, the whole idea of the runtime automagically managing external memory gives me shivers, and this looks like moving in the right direction - <USER2> just think it was not very wise to go with that initial decision in the first place.

<comment><USER4> May not have been a "decision" at all. The simplest GC just needs to hijack malloc to keep track of allocations and every now and then scan the process memory for values that look like pointers into those allocations. Of course that is both slow and leaks bad enough that early Go versions had issues with 32bit address space.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> "var output = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(m))" This will give you the pointer to the byte slice object which may have its own structure which is opaque to you and this is not same as "getting the pointer to C byte array". It is weird that it was producing correct results at all :)

</comment><comment><USER6> Techniques for noticing you're almost shooting yourself in the leg, then suddenly saving the situation very last moment, mi amigo :)

</comment><comment><USER7> This remember me one of the Go Proverbs, Cgo is not Go [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAAkCSZUG1c&t=12m37s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAAkCSZUG1c&t=12m37s)

<comment><AUTHOR> But, as he says, 'sometimes you have to'. This is a time like this.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Don't use cgo (or any dependencies that use it) if you can at all avoid doing so.

<comment><AUTHOR> If we could avoid doing so - we would, because we understand how hard earned Go's guarantees are. But, things are the way they are.</comment></comment>


A camera that snaps a GIF and ejects a cartridge that displays it - <AUTHOR> http://imgur.com/gallery/CG9w4 <comment><USER2> Hah, not exactly what most people think when you use the word 'print' but then again ...

People have asked what is the impact of 'free' CPUs. Something Dave Rosenthal realized way back in the 90's was that the electronics for driving a display could be printed on the margins of the display and eliminate the need for a separate controller board. Having watched the evolution of displays and seeing Mary Lou Jepsen's work on the PixelQi and other screens it became fairly clear that it still made sense to use silicon for the controller and glass for the elements, but once you get to OLED technology (no backlight) and printing on plastic substrates then you reach the point where you can imagine something like this project but the size, weight, and thickness of a Polaroid picture rather something the size of a cigarette box.

At its simplest, imagine an OLED display driven by reading out an EPROM printed on the borders. Your camera encodes the image in the EPROM and then whenever you apply power to the "picture' it shows the one image.

Certainly something there to explore, a number of engineering challenges between there and a product though.

<comment><USER3> I've long imagined something like that: a card-sized (including thickness) full-color display devoted to displaying, say, an entire movie. Given ultra- thin displays like OLED, dirt cheap storage, and "free" dedicated processing, you could hand out videos like sales brochures or cheap paperbacks.

Amazing how technology has advanced.

<comment><USER4> Tangential, but at some point of the last 15 years I thought the music industry might move to distributing what amounts to dedicated MP3 players/USB sticks. The simplest ones would be squares with album covers (shrunk like CD covers have shrunk from vinyl), but artists could get 3D creative. You could wear your music in necklaces or in your belt. People would flock to these things as conspicuous consumption (as they already do with tshirts, pin- buttons, etc) which would offset piracy.

All of this is viable and cheaper than ever, but the culture has moved on.

<comment><USER5> That already happened in 1999, but with the limited storage.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HitClips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HitClips)

[https://i.pinimg.com/736x/37/db/da/37dbda2593cb4889feb05b3a8...](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/37/db/da/37dbda2593cb4889feb05b3a8b2b56f1 --s-childhood-childhood-memories.jpg)

<comment><USER6> The cheapish mp3 players of that era had barely enough power to drive a pair of in-ear earphones. If you ised a pair of over-ear ones, you would get hardly any base at all.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This is one of those projects that at first, is easy to dismiss as "silly" or "useless". On the surface, sure. But looking at the imgur album and reading the comments (and I would imagine going to the website, etc - which I haven't done), it becomes clear (and the author even says so on the album) that this project ultimately served a larger purpose:

From start to finish, this project has helped the person develop a complete (or nearly so) set of manufacturing skills. An idea was taken from concept, on through a multitude of other steps (design, prototyping, software development, hardware development, etc), to producing a final working "product".

Now - it seems from the comments in the album that this isn't the authors first go at such a project, but it may have been one of the most complex or largest they have done. Regardless of that, it has helped them to hone and develop a complete set of skills very few people have.

Heck - I would encourage the author to try turning this project, or something similar, into a MOOC in some manner; I don't know if this is possible, or if it has been done before, but I bet there's a growing audience of people who'd love an all-in-one course to study to gain such skills. Part of the problem of implementing such a thing as a MOOC is whether a person has access to the needed tools and equipment; maybe that could be part of any pre-req's? Or, maybe people would pay for such a course, and parts or tools could be provided (kinda like those "boxed recipe meals" you can get)?

Ultimately, I liked seeing this project; even though to me it seemed "frivolous", it really is a physical form of "random play coding exercises" software engineers do from time to time, in order to learn a new language or framework, or just to try out ideas or whatnot. Such a project thus becomes a education and learning opportunity of a very intense sort.

If this individual hasn't gotten any job offers or such, I would seriously question "why not?" \- they have shown a level of competence and follow through rarely seen in a single individual, and they should be considered a valuable asset to a company (that, or this person needs to create a startup or something).

<comment><USER8> You analysis is on point. The comments on Reddit in particular were so far off base. On one hand you had people raving about how this needed to be patented and produced for sale - those people are (perhaps optimistically) out of touch with reality. On the other hand were people laughing in his face for how ridiculous this was to produce as a project, because it's _obviously_ not marketable ("I am so smart").

It goes to show how the average person thinks - everything has to be about the ability to make money, right? Why should anybody do ANYTHING if it's not aimed at directly producing income? So few people remotely understood that this has NOTHING to do with the final product and its (non-)place in the world. This is about learning a lot about _every step_ , from concept and design to an extremely complex production process, of a single interesting idea. No, it's not about patenting. No, it's not about mass-producing in China to get-rich- quick. No, it's not about showing off "an amazing 23rd century Apple product", which it is clearly not.

Reading deep into the comments about his resulting product made me even more cynical about the average population. People just don't get it. The overall assumption is he's trying to invent the latest thing to sell people. The only reason to do anything in life must be backed by capitalist ambition! It is an idea, brought to fruition by one man's amazing ability to dedicate himself to learning - and performing - the entire process. IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH YOUR OWN SKEWED INTERPRETATION OF HIS SUPPOSED INTENTIONS.

tldr; People's obsession with capitalism seeps into everything they come across. You can't share the result of your labour without people only being able to see the possibilities from a capitalist point of view. Everything is viewed from a capitalist (if not, then political) standpoint; anything else is apparently unfathomable.

tldr #2; I am envious of this product's creator. I wish I had even 5% of the creator's vision, ingenuity, ambition, or skill - let alone all four of those attributes.

<comment><USER9> That's a problem you sometimes see here too, on the various "Show HN"s. There's always some comments along the lines of "nice, but how will you monetize this". Seeing this is a website geared towards startup culture it's something to be expected, to a certain degree. But it makes you wander about the shifting meaning of the word "hacker".

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> Hi guys, I am the creator of this camera! happy to answer any questions.. didn't know it was doing so well here on HN :)

<comment><USER11> Will you develop a noir cartridge for making beautiful black and white error diffusion dithered animated gifs?

[https://media.giphy.com/media/l0K7o6Tn4JsJtvDMc/giphy.gif](https://media.giphy.com/media/l0K7o6Tn4JsJtvDMc/giphy.gif)

[https://forums.tigsource.com/index.php?topic=40832.msg112434...](https://forums.tigsource.com/index.php?topic=40832.msg1124342#msg1124342)

<comment><USER10> could easily be programmed in. I was already thinking of experimenting with filters.. printing a black case to go with it shouldnt be a problem

<comment><USER12> The print could have buttons to trigger different filters.

<comment><USER10> yes I was thinking of experimenting with filters. I decided not to add more buttons since it is a touchscreen and it made more sense to program in an interface when needed rather than set it in stone through hardware

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Very cool. If you can make that cartridge dirt cheap, you will have invented an exciting new technology. Build a V2 with cheaper tech, change your wording a bit as to what the device does, keep the polaroid link a little bit, but make it your own and then I think you'll have something that could kick ass on Kickstarter.

<comment><USER14> Make the carts NFC and turn Share on when you remove it. You could Tap to swap whatever gif is currently displayed on someone else's cart. That's probably easier than dirt cheap, disposable displays.

<comment><USER15> Do disposable displays exist? The ones i have, at least, aren't biodegradable at all, and are in fact barely recyclable at all.

Seems like you're proposing an environmental disaster.

<comment><USER16> You guys are all nuts for taking this silly project seriously. I'll just use my phone.

<comment><USER17> This project fits the generation of non-tech adults pretty good. My grandma for example still asks me to clear her sms inbox because phone op spams it with ads and she hardly can do it herself.

Few decades later this will fall off from reality, of course (if we'll still retain the strict sense of reality then at all).

Upd: supporting your point, I suggest all people here evaluate buying _this_ thing vs. buying a tablet with _only_ two functions: view gallery and view image (and seamlessly download these from fixed photostream that you can post to as a remote contributor).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> Pretty neat. Crazy it uses an adhoc wifi network to communicate between the camera and the cartridge. Seems overkill for a battery powered device when they are already plugged in to each other physically.

<comment><USER19> Overkill but much easier from a technical point of view considering what was used to make the cartridge.

<comment><USER20> My first thought would have been to connect the two PIs with a serial interface. Sure, that's another two pins to connect between camera and cartridge, but on the surface it still sounds easier than setting up a reliable ad-hock wifi. The fact that it would use magnitudes less energy is a bonus.

Of course it might be that OP evaluated that and decided against it for good reasons.

<comment><USER19> But then you need to worry about other things and it's also likely much slower.

Ethernet just works it's an established protocol and there aren't that many easy ways to transfer files other than it today that work out of the box and with any combination of hardware and software.

<comment><USER18> > you need to worry about other things

Serial I/O is common Hello World example for Raspberry Pi. I think you have to worry about _less_ things than adhoc wifi networks.

> likely much slower

It's slower, but not much slower. The baud rate can be set up to 4,000,000, where a megabyte would transfer in 2 seconds. These "gifs" don't seem to be more than 10 seconds long, so they should be less than 1 MB, judging from random Giphy mp4s.

<comment><USER19> Is common yes but not as easy you can't easily setup file transfer over serial, in this case a simple FTP to a pre determined folder that the screen grabs the gifs from is a heck of a lot easier to setup than sending a binary file over serial.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> If I add up the parts of the cartridge, I come to around $88 (including a $35 touch screen).

The demo makes me wanna take a picture like that and give the cartridge away. Maybe if it can get under $10 that would be feasible? And before that, at $20 or $30 they could sell them at theme parks where they take your picture in a roller coaster.

<comment><USER20> The price of his battery and power converter are pretty insane, and a Raspberry Pi is convenient but overkill. Given a more price-conscious part choice and at least some volume (since what's the point in building only one cartridge), you should be able to get that to $5 plus display fairly easily. Suitable displays can be found for $10 from Amazon (shipped from China).

So you can probably home-build it for $15. If you're a startup in Shenzhen it might be feasible to sell them assembled for $10 and make a nice profit if you can sell a million of them.

<comment><USER10> I agree, this is something I built entirely with off the shelf parts so the cost is bound to balloon.. The cost can be brought down significantly like you said

<comment><USER20> I think most of the cost is just the tradeoff between getting stuff tomorrow, or one month later from china at a fraction at the cost. If money isn't an issue, paying more to get stuff faster is certainly more productive.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> How about actually printing, then laminating on a lenticular surface providing a "GIF-sized" short moving-image effect?

[edited per comments]

<comment><USER22> I presume you mean "lenticular" \- which would be a very cool (and possibly mass-producible) alternative. I wonder how you might go about performing the lamination inside the camera... Perhaps you could feed it a pre-laminated sheet that is thin enough that it can be printed on the reverse side?

<comment><USER7> I would imagine that such a device would be difficult to build so that it works correctly the majority of times it is used. Even if the "reverse printing" idea could be done (I like the idea, btw), it would have to be extremely exact to line up the "pixels" of the images with the individual lenses. Perhaps a print-head with some kind of camera on it to see where it is printing as the head passes over the lens could be done?

Recall that these kinds of "motion picture cards" have been around for decades; at least 40 or 50 years, maybe longer. If such a camera (or even a home-based process) could have been built for consumer use, it probably would have been sold. The fact that it wasn't, and the fact that even during all these years there haven't been many manufacturers of such images, should give you an idea of how difficult registration of the image stripes with the lens can be. A purely mechanical process (printing the image onto some kind of paper, then laminating the lens over the top) probably can't be easily (or cheaply) done - otherwise it likely would have been.

That's just my take on things, of course; maybe I'm completely wrong, or there's some method or such I am missing that could make the system easier to build today? I do think the idea of "reverse printing" might be a step toward it. I can't think of how you'd build such a thing to be hand-held, but I can imagine a desktop-sized machine being potentially possible (again, using some kind of close-imaging camera or some other method to register the printing of the images with the individual lenses on the plastic).

<comment><USER23> Well, things that may not have been possible printing-wise 10 years ago could be possible today. Meanwhile, in the same time period, the world as a whole is moving away from physical media, so I don't think there's many people working in this space. This is just to say that I wouldn't be surprised if it were possible today, it's just that no one has cared.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> I was expecting a GIF flip book.

<comment><USER25> That would be cool, though I imagine it would take much longer to print.

</comment></comment><comment><USER26> Lenticular Images allow you to create 2D photos that move:

[https://media.giphy.com/media/ZPJO1M6RViPT2/giphy.gif](https://media.giphy.com/media/ZPJO1M6RViPT2/giphy.gif)

<comment><USER27> I wonder what the limit of...well for lack of better word 'frames' that would be on such an item?

<comment><USER26> There's a trade-off: MoreFrames vs. EasierToUse.

Imagine placing one of these images on machine for say telescope positioning and performing a controlled rotation with a perfectly immobile observer. You could probably get 100+ frames. Now imagine pulling it out of your wallet and playing with it the car. A dozen frames at most?

<comment><USER28> I'd be surprised to get more than 3 or 4 frames. But 4 thoughtfully selected frames can still convey some pretty cool action!

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER29> > I replaced the functionality of the black knob. To be honest I don't even > know what its purpose was.

Exposure compensation dial.

<comment><USER10> ah thanks for letting me know! I was just working off images of the camera I found online, I guess I could have actually used it to control exposure on the piCam

<comment><USER29> I'm old enough to have used the SX-70 and OneStep as a kid. Complete with the flash bulb bar. It helps that my dad owned a darkroom/camera store (and eventually one-hour lab). :-)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER30> This is pretty cool!

I noticed the author decided to use metric thread machine hardware. He's probably an American because he specified McMaster-Carr as a source.

#4 and #6 machine screws are a lot less costly here and available everywhere. (Your hard drive screws are 6-32, same as the electrical wall boxes; floppy 4-40)

I personally hate unified threads, on the basis that the rest of the world uses iso threads. But this is one of those times that being a pedant about it would increase the cost.

<comment><USER10> I'm just in America but not American which is why I refuse to accept inches and weird numbering for screws haha.. it's worth the few extra bucks for me, you're right though, you could modify the design and use cheaper screws

</comment></comment><comment><USER31> Yes, this doesn't exactly "print" a GIF, but it's still a cool use of hardware and tech, with a nice writeup of how it was all accomplished.

<comment><USER10> glad you liked it

</comment></comment><comment><USER32> Reminds me a bit of the old dreamcast memory card

</comment><comment><USER33> very neat! I was expecting a hologram print where you move side ways to see image animate. Something like this - [https://images.britcdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/02/Ubersn...](https://images.britcdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/02/Ubersnap-2.gif)

</comment><comment><USER34> Why specifically the GIF format internally? I haven't seen a GIF come out of a digital camera in ... ever, actually.

<comment><USER35> In the "new lingo", GIF means a short animated image loop. See, for example, /r/gifs or Twitter's "Add a GIF" feature. A "GIF" can be in .mp4 format, for instance, so there's little connection (other than historical) with the actual GIF image protocol.

<comment><USER36> Let's be part of the solution instead of the problem.

<comment><USER37> It's only a problem if you're a tech pedant.

<comment><USER36> I'm not a pedant. To me, the word "pedantry" describes the colour of the sky. Get used to it.

<comment><USER38> To me it describes excessive concern with minor details and rules.

but thats none of my business tho

<comment><USER39> I think the problem is "what words actually mean" has become a minor detail to some people.

My high school English teacher would not have accepted "language evolves" as an excuse for things like confusing "then" and "than" and not knowing the meaning of the word "literally".

<comment><USER40> Your high school English teacher was wrong. Words mean whatever people think they mean, much like how money is worth whatever people think it's worth. Of course as an individual you can't unilaterally redefine a word, just as you can't declare that a $100 bill is worth as much as a car.

<comment><USER41> Until it's time to get a normal job.

<comment><USER40> At most jobs it's more important to communicate effectively than it is to know the historical definitions of words.

Of course, words don't have universal meanings. Lawyers and scientists use the word "theory" differently, for example. In any given environment, you should use words the way the people you need to communicate with expect them to be used.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER42> Great trick with laser cutter and black paint on the pcb. I wonder how end resolution compares to milled pcb.

Also this is one of problems I have with Imgur. How to archive such detailed imgur post?

I have tried ripme [1](great for grabbing image sets without addnotations), printscreen browser extensions (mixed results - most do not cope with floating menus and have problems with dynamic image loading), page saving or printing via browser (similar problems with dynamic loading).

Does anyone have seen something that could archive imgur post with all content?

1\. [https://github.com/4pr0n/ripme](https://github.com/4pr0n/ripme)

<comment><USER43> > Great trick with laser cutter and black paint on the pcb. I wonder how end > resolution compares to milled pcb.

Eh, I thought this was a point where they made the wrong call. You can get a much better result for less money and less personal time invested - just wait a week or two - by sending your Gerbers off to be manufactured. PCB manufacture is dirt cheap and has extreme quality compared to home-etching your boards.

<comment><USER42> In home shop it all comes to what is easiest. Most boards that I do are single runs. If laser cutter can do single run on site without hassle of getting toner transfer or uv run that's great. I did not see that this is different from single run operation (considering how it is wired) so no point to wait for pcbs. That can wait for tens or more pcbs.

Also it boils down to personal need. This is hand crafted and tailored piece. With this setup you can easily modify and correct everything to work.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER44> His Hololens Super Mario is awesome as well [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN95nNDtxjo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN95nNDtxjo)

</comment><comment><USER45> I enjoyed seeing the design and build process. There's a long way to go to make a product out of this. I also wonder whether there are legal downsides to using the look and feel of the Polaroid "rainbow" nextstep (which was famously the source of the now-retired Instagram logo).

It would be very neat to have a credit card sized screen with a micro- controller and a bit flash doing the work rather than a full-sized computer.

<comment><USER10> yup I did think of doing that but wanted to do this version with off the shelf components that others could replicate easily

<comment><USER45> That makes a lot of sense. It's a great project and I hope you can continue to make refinements to it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER46> Nice little project, I can only imagine the amount of hours it took to complete, but it is definitely a nice demo of the creator skills. Congrats.

<comment><USER10> thanks, glad you liked it.. I definitely wasn't doing it with the purpose of showcasing my skills, but more with the purpose of cementing them.. all of this is just a real good bonus :)

</comment></comment><comment><USER47> Wow, this is awesome! It's like a magic painting from Harry Potter's world, except real. Muggles rule! :-)

<comment><USER10> glad you liked it!

</comment></comment><comment><USER48> Very proud to have my fellow ITP'r Shek rock'in the top of these charts.

For those on the cross-roads of life.. Consider NYU's ITP program to be your next spring-board into the future: [https://tisch.nyu.edu/itp](https://tisch.nyu.edu/itp)

you won't regret it.

</comment><comment><USER49> If only there was a device that could capture several images in succession to create a moving image.

Boy that would be something.

<comment><USER50> Kodak will release such a device later this year. But it might be vapor ware.

</comment></comment><comment><USER51> [https://i1.wp.com/images.wikia.com/harrypotter/images/a/a0/P...](https://i1.wp.com/images.wikia.com/harrypotter/images/a/a0/Prisoner_of_Azkaban_- _Sirius_Black.gif)

</comment><comment><USER3> "print" = transfers image data to a removable screen

"GIF" = short video

<comment><USER52> "dial" = tap light that looks like buttons on a piece of glass

Language evolves.

<comment><USER53> And until it does, we need people like the GP to translate.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER54> I really loved the mechanical design. Designing for 3d printing (especially fdm) can be tricky if you don't want to spend lots of time cleaning up support material. Very cool.

<comment><USER10> yup you definitely have to keep that in mind while designing. luckily the projet 7000 SLA printer, prints with supports that are actually a pleasure to remove.. You have to be more careful about preventing resin accumulation in any part as it could cause deformations

</comment></comment><comment><USER55> This has to be one of the best self started little projects I've seen that has the biggest throw back to my childhood growing up when polaroid cameras were popular.

</comment><comment><USER56> Man, turn that into transparent electronics interlaced with photovoltaic cells.

A lady was looking at me menacingly in a store today as I used the cardboard bags.

</comment><comment><USER57> I think wizards call this a normal camera.

<comment><USER58> The camera is not the interesting part. The cartridge is the cool thing, and the camera was designed and built solely as the means to show it off from a very restricted frame of reference.

In order to maximize the effect, the cartridge should be programmed to "develop" the initial image with a visual effect from a black screen, and then hold there for a few seconds. And then, when the person you're showing off to starts to think "Ah, this is just a digital version of a Polaroid photo-- that's not so impressive," _that_ is when you start looping the animation.

You have to give the person a chance to make an assumption before you break it.

<comment><USER10> a lot of people make that assumption long before the cartridge comes out but adding in that second surprise layer might be cool too

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER59> This is so cool! The assembly GIFs really show how much work went into this. Thanks for sharing.

<comment><USER10> there was so much more than that really but it's the best I could capture. Was also getting tired of documenting by that time haha

</comment></comment><comment><USER60> Awesome work, thanks for sharing such great detail and technical resources needed to replicate.

</comment><comment><USER61> This reminded me of OTTO, made by Next Thing Co. (same people behind CHIP and PocketCHIP).

</comment><comment><USER62> Just like Harry Potter. I would buy one of these if it was available with new cartridges.

</comment><comment><USER63> but! Does one still have to shake it and wait to see the image 'appear'?

<comment><USER64> Yes, there is a fade in effect (but no shaking). It is mentioned in the post, you have to click 'Load 13 more images' at the bottom to see the whole post.

<comment><USER10> polaroid actually recommended against shaking so I decided to do away with that.. was thinking of adding an accelerometer before that to trigger the reveal

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER65> This is really, really cool.

<comment><USER10> thank you :)

</comment></comment><comment><USER66> Just incredible... involves h/w, s/w, devices.. awesome!!

<comment><USER10> thanks, glad you liked it.. I have a love-hate with these kinds of projects

</comment></comment><comment><USER67> well , this project certainly makes me feel inadequate in my achievements :(

I wish I had the wherewithal to have applied myself in college and learned more than I just needed to learn!

</comment><comment><USER68> That's some next-level geekery right there. Outstanding!

<comment><USER10> :D thanks

</comment></comment><comment><USER69> So does it have to boot up before you can use it?

<comment><USER10> yes, it does boot up. But I boot to the console, no GUI so its relatively quick and all the scripts get initiated on startup

</comment></comment><comment><USER70> an awesome (in the literal sense) piece of work - hardware, software, engineering, design, communication, promotion

<comment><USER10> thanks, glad you enjoyed it

</comment></comment><comment><USER71> Is this called a Giferoid?

<comment><USER10> haha I did consider that name at one point of time, decided against it

</comment></comment><comment><USER72> So impressive, great work.

<comment><USER10> thanks!

</comment></comment><comment><USER73> How creative! Nice work

<comment><USER10> :) glad you enjoyed it

</comment></comment><comment><USER74> Quirky, but thumbs up!

</comment><comment><USER75> That project looks like a lot of FUN, which I think some folks have missed was the point.

<comment><USER10> ya I did try to state that in the top of the imgur album as well

</comment></comment><comment><USER76> wow!

<comment><USER10> :D

</comment></comment><comment><USER77> you said "prints" but I saw "programs"

<comment><USER78> He didn't say anything, you read it.

</comment></comment><comment><USER79> Looks more like regurgitation.

</comment><comment><USER80> I was fully expecting that object coming out of the camera to be something like a stack of post-it notes with images printed on them. Very misleading title.

<comment><USER81> We need to stop outsourcing. /s~</comment></comment>


The most difficult CEO skill: managing your own psychology - <AUTHOR> http://bhorowitz.com/2011/04/01/what%e2%80%99s-the-most-difficult-ceo-skill-managing-your-own-psychology/ <comment><USER2> Fred Wilson also linked to this, saying:

 _Every once in a while I come across a blog post that so totally nails something and I am reminded why professionals blogging about their craft is such an important development in the world of media._

Read this. I found it inspiring. But it also scared the shit out of me, and made me wonder at the few people who've made it as CEO.

PS: Notice how all the default pronouns in a Ben Horowitz post are female? I find that totally awesome.

<comment><USER3> "PS: Notice how all the default pronouns in a Ben Horowitz post are female? I find that totally awesome."

I found it mostly distracting. I'm as progressive as it comes in this regard, but please - "separate the women from the girls"?

<comment><USER4> It's not only distracting but unnecessary. The English language has a perfectly usable way to avoid gender-specific pronouns: just use the plural. "A good CEO knows his/her values" becomes "a good CEO knows their values".

<comment><USER5> Or drop the gender altogether: "A good CEO knows their values." Grammar cops hate the use of the collective pronoun where a singular would be more correct, but I see it used often enough that it's slowly working it's way into the English language.

In Ben's case, he's making a political statement, so the use of "her" is appropriate in that instance though.

<comment><USER6> > it's slowly working it's way into the English language

It's actually been in English for a pretty long time, there is plenty of precedent. The people that complain loudest about grammar "mistakes" are often the least equipped to talk about them.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> To me the most important line is something I realized after working in a decently run 200 person company and then moving to a really well run 30 person company many years ago.

> _"If you manage a team of 10 people, it's quite possible to do so with very > few mistakes or bad behaviors."_

His only mistake is thinking that 10 people is the limit. I think with some effort you can probably get to 30-40-50 people and still run it "with very few mistakes or bad behaviors."

To me that's the ideal. There are _very_ few things a really well motivated, hard working, talented team of 50 can't do that a mixed-competence, unmotivated, bureaucratic team of 1000 can do.

Most people grow their companies to thousands of people without really thinking about it, because that's historically what you're supposed to do.

Not enough companies try to be small and "perfect".

<comment><USER8> _I think with some effort you can probably get to 30-40-50 people and still run it "with very few mistakes or bad behaviors."_

No.

The reason 10 people can work like magic is that they all report to you. There are no middle managers, just people who get things done, plus one person to coordinate. Everybody knows what everybody else is doing, and the communication path is only one level.

The upper bound for this type of company is how many people you can manage personally. You can not manage 30 people, and you probably can't manage 20. Once you need to add a layer of managers under you who aren't actually getting shit done, the entire dynamic changes.

<comment><USER7> Like I said, I've experienced 30 done very effectively, so I know it certainly can be done to that point. In that case it was one head honcho and two lieutenants directly managing the two sides of the business.

Things might start to get shaky at 50, but I seriously doubt it's impossible.

<comment><USER8> For sure. I've seen 30 done effectively, and I've seen 49,000 done effectively, relatively speaking. Still, from the CEO's perspective there's something fundamentally different about managing front-line workers and managing managers.

<comment><USER7> My definition of "effectively" in this context is the above quote "with very few mistakes or bad behaviors." No one would claim any 49,000 person company is run under that definition, so I don't know why you mention it.

As for how it feels to the CEO I don't think you're right. The company I had experience with was run as a triumvirate with one slightly more powerful member. All three knew everything that was going on and had a hand in it, but two of them were experts in different areas and one was a generalist and overall vision-setter.

The CEO spent probably 80% of his time working on real projects with individuals and teams and 20% coordinating with his junior triumvirs.

He certainly was not was reduced to sitting in his office funneling orders through two people all day.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> For fuck sake. This glorifying of CEO's (and entrepreneurs) is making me sick. Sure, it's hard being a CEO. It's hard being a teacher. It's hard being a parent. Stop believing you're so special.

"Jason was the one who had to live with the consequences." -> the people being fired have to live with the consequences. Jason only has to live with making the decision, which is much easier. Jeez.

Grump.

<comment><USER10> > This glorifying of CEO's (and entrepreneurs) is making me sick. Sure, it's > hard being a CEO. It's hard being a teacher. It's hard being a parent. Stop > believing you're so special.

They're different kinds of hard, and they're also all worth thinking about. There's many places that articles and discussions are happening on being a better teacher or being a better parent too.

And this blog post (1) isn't gushing, and (2) has a lot of truth in it. I'm staying with a friend of mine in China who left IBM to start his own company. He's experiencing the _whoa-holy-shit-I'm-the-guy-responsible_ feeling.

There really aren't too many things similar to it - being the final decisionmaker is its own kind of stress and neurosis. If things screw up, _it's your fault alone and you have to live with that_. In theory, that's true for everyone. In practice, there's a huge difference between being employed or contracted, and running your own shop or self-employed. The psychology of it is really, tangibly different - that's not glorification, that's just the facts here.

> the people being fired have to live with the consequences. Jason only has to > live with making the decision, which is much easier. Jeez.

Have you ever recruited anyone to work for you, had it not work out, and had to let them go? It's one of the hardest, most gut-wrenching things you'll ever have to do. You asked someone to trust you, _and you were wrong and someone else is going to suffer for it... and you have to pull the trigger now_. Ask anyone who has had to lay off someone they recruited and brought into the company - it's miserably awful.

Agreed it's also bad for employees to be let go, but writing it off as "much easier" to say to someone, "I'm sorry, I made the wrong decision and you have to suffer for it"... I don't know, I'm guessing you've never had to do it. Very few things weigh so heavily on your conscience.

<comment><USER5> "Ask anyone who has had to lay off someone they recruited and brought into the company - it's miserably awful." - In particular, I recall when Ben Horowitz had to do that to about 200+ people in 2001, some of whom he had hired away from other jobs to come work at Loudcloud just a few months earlier. I'm trying to recall if I've ever seen anyone suffer as much as he did when he met with the employees to explain what was happening, and why he had to do it.

It was a case of survival, and I did not envy him for a second. I think he probably carries the emotional scars of that moment to this day.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> I am grateful to Ben for making such posts. They have the potential to save me months of misdirection.

Best parts:

" Whenever I meet a successful CEO, I ask them how they did it. Mediocre CEOs point to their brilliant strategic moves or their intuitive business sense or a variety of other self-congratulatory explanations. The great CEOs tend to be remarkably consistent in their answers. They all say: "I didn't quit."

and

"Focus on the road not the wall—When they train racecar drivers, one of the first lessons is when you are going around a curve at 200 MPH, do not focus on the wall; focus on the road. If you focus on the wall, you will drive right into it. If you focus on the road, you will follow the road. Running a company is like that."

</comment><comment><USER12> Common man! You don't have to be so overly politically correct. It's ok to say "choices like these separate the boys from the men"! The feminine version just doesn't capture the essence!

<comment><USER13> I doubt he uses female pronouns to be politically correct: rather, he's doing it to address the very real problem of lack of women in tech startups.

<comment><AUTHOR> Ben and his partner Marc Andreessen have been doing this for a long time; not coincidentally, Marc co-founded Ning with Gina Bianchini as the CEO.

<comment><USER7> Which I thought really cool, then I was disappointed when I read that Andreessen is an ex-boyfriend of Bianchini's. I can't help but feel that taints the coolness of it and reinforces a negative stereotype.

<comment><USER14> Strong disagree. I'd guess that most successful cofounding teams have a prior, personal relationship (platonic or otherwise). I know the fact that my cofounder and I have been close friends for > 20 years has been crucial to our success, and pg has cited the strength of the founders' friendship as a deciding factor for YC interviews.

So, the fact that Mr. Andressen and Ms. Bianchini have a prior relationship is unsurprising. To imply their romantic past conferred her this opportunity, in a way that a platonic friendship would not have, is dangerously close to calling her a whore.

(PS: I'm sorry to jump on you, and I empathize with your sentiment. But its one of those built in stereotypes that we need to actively fight within ourselves.)

<comment><USER7> If they were two professional equals starting a company as co-founders I wouldn't think anything negative about it.

It's the fact that Andreessen (arguably #1 guy in Silicon Valley) funded the company with his money and connections and then gave her the CEO job. He was in a position of power and conferred a benefit to a friend and former lover.

It's kind of like the guy that goes to work at his father's company as the CEO. Even if he warrants the appointment it's hard to feel the same level of respect (at least for me).

Trust me though, I do feel conflicted and guilty for thinking this. The problem is I can't tell which kind of cultural baggage I'm exhibiting: sexism or political correctness.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Dup:

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2391735>

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2391744>

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2391756>

<comment><USER16> Yes, but avoiding the Techcrunch blogspam is not a bad thing.

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> >"...when you don't actually know what you are doing..." This is where CEO's psychology starts melting down.

Uncertainty leads to fear and fear leads to panic. It's like driving a car blindly. What a CEO needs is a light which points to a right direction, whether this direction is really right or wrong is another topic.)

This is just my own view. All uncertainties can be grouped into two categories: Vision and Culture.

Vision is like a guiding system, it tells your customers (consumer, employee, and investor) where your company is going. Culture is like an internal machine which take your company to where you want to go. When these two things are defined and guidelines are created, uncertainties become clear. It's because now you have two groups of high-level guidelines to tell whether you should handle an uncertainty seriously or not.

However, even your company have a good vision and great culture, you will still feel uncomfortable. It's the feel like driving at 200 MPH when you are used to drive at 70 MPH. Experiences can certainly help to ease this feeling when you gradually increase driving speed.

The other way is to build a data-driven company from beginning. This is like flying a jet plane which you do not visual see what's going on outside, but rather you see if you are doing well through dashboard panels. But at least a CEO must learn and know what information is important in order to have a meaningful dashboard. This is getting too long. Any feedback on my opinion is welcome.

</comment><comment><USER18> It's like the author just drilled into my mind and started pulling things out. I continually question every decision I make, relying on as much data as I can, but ultimately the buck stops with me, and if you don't find that prospect terrifying, then you're probably not of the right mind to run a company.

<comment><USER19> Some perspective, please?

If it's not involving building collapses or motor vehicle collisions or bomb blasts or wildfires or other forms of mayhem, and if the decision doesn't involve significant risk of or result in death or serious personal injury, then "terrifying" probably isn't right word.

Bankruptcy is not death. Dead is dead.

Observe, Orient, Decide, Act, Repeat, or however you prefer to think of the decision-making process.

Make your decisions with the best possible considerations and information that you have available, work to get the best and the smartest folks around you and with you, and don't undermine yourself with second-guessing your own decisions.

And if you're going to be involved in any serious forms of mayhem at all regularly, sure, it can get scary, but you train for it, equip for it, and you make the best available decisions and the perform the best triage you can manage. Observe, Orient, Decide, Act, Repeat.

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> I'd add exercise, sleep, and nutrition. A healthy body helps keep a healthy mind.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> I found this insightful for anyone who has lots of urgent and important tasks to get done and decisions to make and lots of people to keep happy, yet who also has many other personally conceived projects to pursue that no one else is going to follow up on. There's a real skill to balancing getting everything done you need to, as well as can be done, while still not expending all your efforts and mental energy on established projects and on reacting to external events, and instead reserving some of your time and energy for new projects; or, not letting day-to-day operational competence squeeze out meaningful pursuit of vision.

</comment><comment><USER21> I assume Ben is writing about his experience at Loudcloud and it seems he has a glaring omission about his cofounders (Tim Howes, In Sik Rhee, in addition to Andreessen). Where's the story about when he managed his ego when he had disagreements with them? Or a story/acknowledgment about his cofounders assisting him with psychological support?

I am not disagreeing with the weight on the CEO and overall it was a thought provoking post. But it only scratched the surface and did not write enough about his own experience (and management of his psychology). Incidentally, those were the 2 parts I found most insightful: 1\. "The new customers didn't save us, but we figured out another way to survive and ultimately succeed. The key to getting to the right outcome was to keep from getting married to either the positive or the dark narrative." 2\. "Get it out of your head and onto paper"

</comment><comment><USER22> I can't up-vote this enough. The whole final-ness of being where the buck stops is certainly a little overwhelming - but it also is a great feeling when things go great. I forget who said: "The good is never as good you think, and the bad is never as bad".

The mental game of entrepreneurship is certainly the biggest component.

</comment><comment><USER23> >>Get it out of your head and onto paper.

 _I wrote down a detailed explanation of my logic. The process of writing that document separated me from my own psychology and enabled me to make the decision swiftly._

Agreed. To the HN readers who type things often in computer, i would suggest to pour out with a pen onto paper next time, this is healer!

</comment><comment><USER24> This is a truly amazing article, I've never seen these issues from this perspective.

</comment><comment><USER25> Enjoyed this post a lot, thanks for writing it, Ben.</comment>