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1 T.C. ŞANLIURFA VALİLİĞİ ŞANLIURFA BELEDİYE BAŞKANLIĞI T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi Bölge Kalkınma İdaresi Başkanlığı İL KÜLTÜR VE TURİZM MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ T.C. ŞANLIURFA İL ÖZEL İDARESİ ŞANLIURFA TİCARET VE SANAYİ ODASI ŞANLIURFA İLİ KÜLTÜR EĞİTİM SANAT VE ARAŞTIRMA VAKFI A TOUR IN ŞANLIURFA Şanlıurfa
2 T.C. ŞANLIURFA VALİLİĞİ ŞANLIURFA BELEDİYE BAŞKANLIĞI T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi Bölge Kalkınma İdaresi Başkanlığı İL KÜLTÜR VE TURİZM MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ T.C. ŞANLIURFA İL ÖZEL İDARESİ ŞANLIURFA TİCARET VE SANAYİ ODASI ŞANLIURFA İLİ KÜLTÜR EĞİTİM SANAT VE ARAŞTIRMA VAKFI VISITING ŞANLIURFA Şanlıurfa Governorship Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate Publications City Books Series: 18 ISBN: Editorial Coordinator Selami YILDIZ Editor Mehmet Sait RIZVANOĞLU Texts Selami YILDIZ - Mehmet Sait RIZVANOĞLU Publishing Board Selami YILDIZ - Aydın ASLAN Aykut Hakan KUTLUHAN - Mehmet Sait RIZVANOĞLU Cover Photograph Yasin KÜÇÜK DAY 1: JOURNEY INTO THE HEART OF URFA Photographs M.Sait RIZVANOĞLU - Burhan AKAR Yasin KÜÇÜK - İbrahim H.KARACA Bayram SOYKAN - Mehmet EMRE EREN Mahmut ORMANCIOĞLU - Bülent KAVŞUT Hasan KARABULUT İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü Arşivi Şanlıurfa Belediyesi Arşivi Şalıurfa Müze Müdürlüğü Arşivi Typesetting-Layout Navi Medya Printing-Binding Uzerler Matbaası All Rights Reserved No part of this website or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, modified or adapted, without the prior written consent of the author, unless otherwise indicated for stand-alone materials 2 1
3 ŞANLIURFA ARCHEOLOGY MUSEUM Initiatives to set up a museum in Şanlıurfa began in 1948 with the collection of museum pieces and storage of the pieces in Atatürk Elementary School. Later on, the pieces were transferred to Şehit Nusret Elementary School. The construction of the present museum began in 1965 and the museum was opened for visits in ŞANLIURFA INDEPENDENCE MUSEUM (MAHMUD NEDIM VILLA) The villa is near the old State Hospital. It was built in 1903 in an architectural mixture of European and Şanlıurfa local style. The villa is spread over a large area and has two sections for men and women. In 1940s Public Theater made performances in this building. The villa was repaired by Şanlıurfa Governorship and opened as Şanlıurfa Independence Museum on April 11, Also, a section of the villa has been allocated for State Turkish Folk Music Choir. Şanlıurfa Museum Mahmud Nedim House World s Oldest Sculpture: Balıklıgöl Sculpture Şanlıurfa Archeology Museum is the 5th richest museum in Turkey, with its items. From Paleolithic Era up to present, many significant pieces can be seen in Şanlıurfa Museum Year-old World s Oldest Sculpture: Balıklıgöl Sculpture can be seen in our Museum. In terms of the number of archeological excavations, Şanlıurfa comes first in Turkey. In this context, the city center and two other township centers were declared as archeological sites. It can be said that the whole city is an open-air museum. Fırfırlı Mosque FIRFIRLI MOSQUE (12 Disciples Church St. Disciples Church) The construction located on Vali Fuat Bey Street (Büyükyol) was originally built as a church and recorded as 12 Disciples Church. In Ottoman Era, because of the wind mill wings on it, the Church was called Frilly Church by the locals. According to history records the Lamina Cross, which was very important for Christianity and was in the Lamina Church was later on brought to Urfa and displayed in this church in The tablet above the mihrab of the mosque says the building was turned into a mosque in
4 entrance of the former church. Prayer space of the mosque is lit by quite huge windows. On the ledges of the windows half pillars and entwined dragon engravings can be seen. The original church was also used as a mosque for a while by Saladin, so when it was turned into a mosque people called it Saladin Mosque. The mosque was repaired by Foundations General Directorate in Fırfırlı Mosque Internal View When it was turned into a mosque, it wasn t given a proper name, but people continued to call it Fırfırlı Mosque (Frilly). One of the striking aspects of the building is half pillars and the engravings on the outside walls. LITTLE HACI MUSTAFA HACIKAMILOGLU VILLA (CEVAHIR GUESTHOUSE) It is across Saladin Mosque, near the Halil-ür Rahman River on Vali Fuat Street. This historic villa was built in the second half of the 19th century. It has two sections, one for men and the other for women. It was made out of dimension stone. Little Hacı Mustafa Hacıkamiloglu Villa was bought and renovated by Şanlıurfa Governorship Provincial Authority in 1991 by the initiatives of retired Governor Cemal Mirkelamoglu in the name of the inheritors of the villa. The villa is used as a guest house, where sira nights (local gathering event) are organized. SALADIN MOSQUE (ST. JOHANNES PRODROMOS ADDAI CHURCH) The building is on Vali Fuat Bey Street(Büyükyol). It is estimated to be built in early 19th century, over the remains of John the Baptist Church, which was built by Bishop Nona in 457 A.D. Because of the period it was built and its huge size, it was called a cathedral. For years, the building was in ruins, and was used as a power central for a while. On May 28, 1993 it was opened for prayers as a mosque. The entrance of the mosque is on the east, and the final congregation section was built on the Cevahir Guesthouse Selahaddin Eyyubi Mosque HALEPLIBAHCE MOSAICS In 2007 excavations in Halepli Bahçe, near Halil-ür Rahman Lake (Balıklıgöl), a mosaic portraying the hunting scene of Amazon women, who used to fight patriarchy 3000 years ago in a cultural basin covering an area from the Aegean and Black Sea to central Anatolia. The first detection of the mosaics was made by Assist. Prof. Bahattin Çelik and Archeologist Ali Uygun. The most important aspect of Halepli Bahçe Mosaics is that the only example of Warrior Amazon Queens depicted on mosaics in the world is here. Experts define them as the most precious 4 5
5 Penthesileia the Warrior Amazon Queen mosaics on earth because of the technique, artistry and 4 m2 original stones from Euphrates used in the making of them. In Hippolyte the Warrior Amazon Queen Melanippe the Warrior Amazon Queen Antiope the Warrior Amazon Queen Halepli Bahçe about 100 m2 of mosaics were uncovered at the first stage under the supervision of Şanlıurfa Archeology Museum officials and archeologists. Geometrical motives, plant figures, pigeons, Eros without wings, squirrel, duck, partridge, gazelle, and greyhound figures can be seen in the rims of the hunting scene mosaic. In the corners of the rim surrounding the mosaic other than the mask publicly known as the Edessa beauty four Amazon queens, Hippolyte, Antiope, Melanippe and Penthesileia can be seen hunting on horses with single breasts and authentic Amazon women outfits. Different mosaics were also found in Haleplibahçe excavations. One of the most important of these is the Achilles, who is a hero of the battle of Troy. The ground mosaic portrays the life story of Achilles, which was uncovered by Şanlıurfa Museum archeologists. Mosaic of Achilles 6 7
6 The ground-heated bath from the Roman era was unearthed in excavations, and it shows the importance of the settlement. Considering all these aspects, Culture and Tourism Ministry decided to open two museums in the area, one open and one covered. Construction of the new Şanlıurfa Archeology Museum and Edessa Mosaics Museum, which is designed as an open air museum for mosaics, are underway. HALIL-UR RAHMAN MOSQUE (DOSEME MOSQUE) and MADRASSA The mosque is next to Halil-ür Rahman Lake (Balıklıgöl). The mosque is also called Döşeme Mosque by the locals. In 504 A.D. Priest Urbisyus built a church in the name of Jesus Christ s mother Mary. Known as the Virgin Mary Church in records, Roman Bath HALIL-UR RAHMAN LAKE (BALIKLIGOL) (THE PLACE WHERE FIRE IS COOL AND SECURE) Halil-ür Rahman Lake (Balıklıgöl) is in the north of Urfa Castle, is the place where fire is cool and secure for Prophet Ibrahim. According to holy books, Prophet Ibrahim has been the first person to reject Nemrud Bin Ken an s deity and to find the one and only God in 2000 B.C. When Prophet Ibrahim broke the tin gods worshipped by Nemrud and his people, he was thrown into fire but miraculously the fire-place turned into a garden of roses. This belief was embraced by divine religions and passed on from generation to generation. Halil-Ür Rahman Mosque (Döşeme Mosque) the church was turned into a mosque by Abbasid caliphate Me mun s rule ( The minaret was repaired by Saladin nephew Al Malik-ul Esref Muzafferuddin Musa in The whole structure was renovated by Suleiman the Magnificient ( ). In 1810, there was another comprehensive renovation. Evliya Çelebi mentions of this mosque in his Seyahatname as Ibrahim Halil Lodge. RIZVANIYE MOSQUE AND MADRASA The mosque is located in the north of Halil-ur Rahman Lake (Balıklıgöl). It was built by Rakka governor Rıdvan Ahmed Pasha in It has three domes sitting parallel to the mihrab. 8 Halil-ür Rahman Lake (Balıklıgöl) 9 Rızvaniye Mosque
7 In the east of the mosque, there is a minaret with a single balcony. The sanctuary entrance door is made in two different colors. The sanctuary section is quite luminous thanks to window openings all around. The most interesting part of the mosque in terms of decoration is the entrance door, which is wooden and built by inlaying technique without nails. There are rich plant and geometrical figures on the door. AYNZELIHA LAKE (ANZILHA LAKE) It s a 150 m2 lake right in front of Urfa Castle in the south of Halil-ur Rahman Lake. The fish in this lake are not eaten, because the place is considered holy. According to the story, when Nemrud s daughter declares that she Aynzeliha Lake converted to Prophet Ibrahim s religion, when he was about to be thrown into fire, the daughter is pushed into the fire by Nemrud. The girl Zeliha burns to death. Later on, a lake emerges on the very same spot she died. The lake is called Aynzeliha (Zeliha lake or Fountain) lake from then onwards. URFA CASTLE Urfa Castle is thought to have been built over an area from the Neolithic Age dating back 10,000 years B.C. 12,000 year old Balıklıgöl Statue, which was excavated near the castle and is on display in Şanlıurfa museum and the castle ground portray the history of the Balıklıgöl basin. Records dating back to 6th century do not mention the castle. The first records about the castle are from the 11th century. Considering this information, we can date it back to sometime between 6th and 11th centuries. The common knowledge about the castle is that it was built during the reign of Abbasid in A.D. The two Corinthian pillar heads were erected as monumental pillars during Edessa King MANU IX A.D. The Assyrian tablet on the east pillar reads I am AFTUHA, the son of military commander BARSHAMAS(Son of the Sun). I built 10 Urfa Castle this pillar and the statue in the name of Crown Prince Daughter of MANU, wife of King MANU, my lady and Queen SHALMETH. There are ditches on three sides of the castle; also there is a passage through Aynzeliha Tunnel between the castle and Aynzeliha Lake. MEVLID-I HALIL(DEVISH LODGE) MOSQUE AND CAVE (The birthplace of Prophet Ibrahim) Mevlid-I Halil Mosque is located near Balıklıgöl within the Dervish Lodge Plateau. Mevlid means holy birth. It is believed that Prophet Ibrahim was born in the nearby cave, therefore the Mosque is called Mevlid-I Halil Mosque. According to present records, the construction of the mosque has undergone 5 phases. In the beginning, a pagan temple was built in the area during Seleucus period. There is mention of a Synagogue from the Jewish times. And in early Christianity, in 150 A.D. a Christian Church was built. During the time of the Byzantines Urfa Hagia Sophia was built in the same area. Finally, in Ottoman period, in 1523 Muhammed Saleh Pasha built a mosque in the same area. The water of Mevlid-I Halil Cave is said to be second best in terms of healthiness to zamzam water. HUSEYNIYE BAZAARS (COPPER MARKET) The bazaars in Inns Area are architecturally extended in parallel to each other in north-south direction. They are two covered bazaars each of them with 15 cross vaults. The bazaars were built by Hartavizade Hussein Ferideddin in The shops on the left and right have lighting windows on top of the doors. During the years they were built rugs, carpets, felts and similar cloths were sold here. For a while colored kerchiefs were sold and finally the bazaar was spared for copper craftsmen. One of the bazaars are used by Hüseyniye Bazaars copper craftsmen and the other is spared for jewelry shops. 11 Mevlid-i Halil Cave
8 KAZAZ BAZAAR (COVERED BAZAAR) It is located in the south of Gümrük Inn and was built in The Rızvan Ahmed Pasha Foundation Charter mentions Bezzazistan was repaired. The Bedesten is Kazaz Market a covered bazaar made of fine cut stones. The main door opens out to the Han Önü Bazaar in the east, the west door opens out to Sipahi Bazaar, the south door opens out to Pamukçu Bazaar and the north door opens out to Gümrük Inn. According to the Foundation Charter, the west door was opened by demolishing a shop. The shops used to be one meter higher than ground level, in 1998 Şanlıurfa Provincial Culture, Education, Arts Research Foundation (ŞURKAV), leveled the shops with ground level as part of a renovation project. At present day, local outfits and accessories are sold in this bazaar. Şanlıurfa Bedesten is one of the rare Anatolian bazaars that has not lost its authentic value. GUMRUK INN It is located in the inns area. It was built in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent by Urfa Sancakbeyi Halhallı Behram Pasha. In his Seyahatname, Evliya Celebi mentions the inn as Gümrük Khan Yetmiş Inn. Because of the fine-cut stones in outside walls with two color tones, it is also called mottled inn. Halil-ür Rahman Lake water flows through its yard. There are tea shops in the yard of this two-floor bazaar. The top of the entrance iwan is used as prayer space. In 2001, with the contributions of Rızvaniye Foundation it was renovated by Şanlıurfa Provincial Culture, Education, Arts Research Foundation (ŞURKAV). 12 MEVLEVIHANE MOSQUE The building in the east of Haşimiye Square was built as a Dervish Lodge for Urfa Mevlevis in 18th century. After the closure of lodges, it was opened for prayers as a mosque. The structure was renovated by General Directorate of Foundations. The mosque has a square plan and is covered with a single dome. The bazaar adjacent to the west side was previously butchers market, but after a nationalization project, it was turned into a souvenir bazaar. HOŞGÖRÜ SQUARE (ELLISEKIZ SQUARE) It is located in an important square where there are historical structures leading out to 4 streets from the Ottoman era in Nimetullah neighborhood. In the south of the square there is Kurtuluş Elementary School (Numune School- late 19th century), in the east there is Sheikh Saffet Lodge (1892) and Sheikh Saffet Fountain (1891) and Muhammed Muhyiddin Tomb (1795), and in the north there is Reji Church (1861), and in the northwest there is the Nimetullah Mosque from 15th century. The name of the square means Tolerance. 13 Mevlevihane Mosque Ellisekiz Square
9 REJI CHURCH (ST. PETRUS and ST. PAULUS CHURCH) St. Petrus and St. Paulus Church is in the northeast of Ellisekiz Square. The structure was built in 1861 over the remains of a church from the 6th century. The church bears the names of two of the disciples of Jesus Christ. The structure was actively used until 1924, when Urfa Assyrians emigrated to Aleppo of Syria. St. Petrus and St. Paulus Church was first used as tobacco YORGANCI STREET It is the northern street of the historical island dubbed as the Culture Island, which is one of the most important areas protecting Şanlıurfa s historical texture. It starts from Yıldız Square in the west and extends towards north and makes a turn towards east to merge with Hüseyin Pasha Street. The most beautiful part of the street is the Abdülkadir Hakkari House and the architectural underpass, which is called kabaltı. Many of the houses on the street have been renovated and turned into guest houses, in which the local culture lives on. Reji Church factory later as a grape storage by TEKEL. TEKEL means Regie in French, this is where the name Reji comes from. The grave stones bearing letters, found in the church were taken to Urfa Museum. The church was restored by Şanlıurfa governorship in 1998 and began serving as Governor Kemalettin Gazezoğlu Culture Center on May 24, At present, it hosts various social activities. Reji Church from Inside Yorgancı Street 14 15
10 YILDIZ PALACE The Ottoman era street in Cami-I Kebir neighborhood starts from Yıldız Square in the west and extends towards north, makes a turn for east and at the most beautiful section of the Yorgancı Street, which Yıldız Palace merges with Hüseyin Pasha Street, there is the House of Abdülkadir Hakkari and the kabaltı. The basalt parquetry narrow street is surrounded by fine-cut stone walls cantilevers and corner brackets of the underpass (kabaltı) contribute to the beauty of the street. The renovated Yıldız Palace Guest House located on the same street is the biggest guesthouse/restaurant of traditional Urfa houses in the city. ULU MOSQUE The mosque is located on the Divanyolu Street in the city center. It was built over the area where the Red Church used to sit. Construction date of the church is unknown. Yard walls of the previous structure, pillars, column heads and the bell tower still exist. There is not a construction tablet for the mosque. Therefore, the time of the construction and the financers are unknown. It is thought to have been built by Zengis in After the Islamic conquests, because Clock Tower of the Grand Mosque of the red marbles used in the columns and it s relation with the previous church, it was called Mescid ül-hamra (Red Mosque). The prayer room opening out to the yard with 14 arches is covered with cross vaults sitting on top of the pillars, and is one of the first examples of this kind in Anatolia. In the sanctuary of the mosque there is a well. According to common belief, the handkerchief sent by Jesus Christ to King Agbar via disciple Thomas was dropped into this well. Therefore, people believe the water from the well has curing powers. The minaret was donated with a clock 16 in the Republican era. The minaret serves as the first and only clock tower of the city. KOY YATI SCHOOL (PROVINCIAL CULTURE AND TOURISM DIRECTORATE GARDEN) Construction date is unknown. This half-built structure was completed by Mutasarrıf Munir Bey in 1930s. First it Culture Garden was planned to be used as Industry School, but later it was used as a boarding school for girls coming from nearby villages. It has a U- shape plan with two floors made of fine-cut stones. The structure was restored by Şanlıurfa Governorship in 1993 and was used as Special Provincial Administration office for a while. In 2005, it was handed over to Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate. The facility has an area of 4200 m2. During the restoration of the outbuilding, the yard was also renovated to host social activities as a Culture Garden. Also remakes of Haleplibahçe Amazon Mosaics, Göbeklitepe Stelas, Edessa Mosaics and many others are spread around the garden. As one of the fine examples of Urfa architecture, this structure is still used as service building of Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate. 17 Grand Mosque
11 GOBEKLITEPE THE OLDEST TEMPLE OF THE WORLD (10,000 B.C.) 6,000 years before Malta Temples and Sumerians; 7,000 years before Noah s Ark and Stonehenge; 7,500 years before the Pyramids and 8,000 years before Prophet Ibrahim; 10,000 years before Rome and Zeugma Mosaics; There was Göbeklitepe. Situated 3 km northeast of Örencik (Karaharabe) village, which is 17 km to the east of Şanlıurfa city center, Göbeklitepe derives its name from an entombed saint in the area. The site was discovered by Prof. Dr. Halet Çambel, Pre-history Department Head of Istanbul University and Prof. Dr. Robert Braidwood of Chicago University in the surface research carried out as part of the Southeast Anatolia Research Project in Göbeklitepe excavations have uncovered new findings that shattered previous knowledge on the transition into settled life. 10,000 B.C. that is 12,000 years before today, in the time of Pre-pottery Neolithic Period Göbeklitepe was a religious center. The 80 Decares big area was declared as first degree archeological site by Culture and Tourism Ministry in For the first time in Neolithic Period, mankind gained advantage against nature by beginning agriculture along with hunting and gathering. In the same period, animals were tamed, and first examples of religious and civilian architecture emerged. Stela with a Lion 18 Göbeklitepe Stela with a Bull, Foxand Crane Surface research was made in 1995 under the supervision of Şanlıurfa Museum Management and with the counseling of Archeologist Harald Hauptmann from German Archeology Institute. Excavation process continued from 1996 to 2006 under the supervision of Şanlıurfa Museum Management and with the counseling of Archeologist Klaus Schmidt from the German Archeology Institute. Since 2007, excavation efforts continue under the supervision of German Archeologist Klaus Schmidt with the decision of Council of Ministers. Among the strange findings in Göbeklitepe, there are desert monitor, reptile engravings, gruesomely depicted wolf heads with open mouth and teeth, boars, cranes, stork, fox, snake, scorpion, wild sheep, lion, spider and headless human body, and male statues with exaggerated penises are important ones in understanding the belief systems of the people who adopted settled life 12,000 years ago. 19 Stela with a Lion Relief
12 Architecture begins with humans transition from hunter-gatherer life style into settled life. 12,000 year old structures in Göbeklitepe are considered as the birthplace of architecture. Previously, the temple dating back to 4,000 B.C. in Malta was thought to be the oldest temple before the monotheistic period. With the discovery of Göbeklitepe, this information has lost its validity and it was scientifically Stela with Animal and Plant Reliefs proven that Göbeklitepe Temple dated back 12,000 years was the first worship ground of human beings. With this information the history of archeology had to be re-written. According to the common archeological approach, the most important factors in mankind s transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled life were the fear of hunger and the instinct of protection. However, Göbeklitepe shatters this approach. Considering the period it was built, religious beliefs could also be a factor in the transition into settled life. Apparently, future excavations will uncover that Göbeklitepe has more authentic secrets. VISITING ŞANLIURFA DAY 2: FROM THE HEART OF URFA TO THE SUNRISE Stela with a Fox Relief 20 21
13 SULTAN OF PATIENCE PROPHET AYYUB Suffering Cave and Healing Well are located in the Islamic Social Complex in Prophet Ayyub neighborhood in the south of the Şanlıurfa city center. The story of Prophet Ayyub, as told by the locals and written records, is as follows: God chose Ayyub as a Prophet. God provides Ayyub and his family with riches, sons, daughters and prosperity. To test him, God takes away everything given to him; first his wealth and animals, and then his children. Ayyub says God giveth and God taketh away. Instead of rebellion and sorrow, Ayyub praises God. Later on, he falls very sick, scars grow on his body. Ayyub is kicked out of the village. His wife Rahme, accompanies Ayyub to the cave outside the village, which is known as the Place of Prophet Ayyub, the Suffering Cave. Every now and then, Rahme pays a visit to the cave to see her husband. She discovers worms all around Ayyub s body, and when the worms come near his heart, Ayyub prays to God for mercy and health. God responds to dear Prophet Ayyub s prayer and orders him to kick the ground with his heel and bath in and drink the water to come out of the ground. Ayyub does what he is told and cleans his body inside and outside with this water. The water heals Ayyub. Verbal and written records suggest that there was a bath carved out of rocks- about 150 mt to the west of the Healing Well, and that the bath was used in curing leprosy and rheumatism. Suffering Cave External View Suffering Cave Internal View Prophet Eyyub Mosque Healing Well 22 23
14 DEYR-I YAKUB (YAKUB MONASTERY) Deyr-I Yakub (Yakub Monastery) is situated on the mountains 10 km to the south of the city center. The area is thought to have been used as a summer resort by King Nemrud, with whom Prophet Ibrahim contended. The structure in the area is called The Throne of Nemrud or Djinn Mill by local people. There is a tablet on the mausoleum in the northwest of the Monastery. The first line is in Old Greek, and the second line is written in Palmyra Assyrian. Probably, the tablet dates back to late 2nd century or early 3rd century. The monastery is also thought to have been built around the same time. HARRAN TOWNSHIP Etymologically, Harran means the conjuncture of roads, crossroads in ancient languages. In Akkadian, an Asia Minor language, Harranu means Travel and Caravan. In terms of sociology and history, Harran means the birthplace and meeting point of civilizations. In definition, Harran should not be limited to the town center, and be considered from a bigger angle including the surroundings and even the whole plateau. Harran was a frequent stop for Assyrian tradesmen during the Assyrian Trade Colonies, when there was close ties with Anatolia. The historical well located in the north of Sheikh Hayati al- Harrani outside Harran city walls, is also known as Prophet Jakob s Well. HARRAN CASTLE Harran Castle was built adjacent to the southeast walls of the city. Islamic sources suggest that there used to be a Sabii Temple in the same field. Umayyad Caliphate Mervan II spent 10 million drachma of gold for the construction of the palace, which was the basis of the castle. The castle is 90x130 mt and has three floors. It s planned as an irregular rectangular and has dodecahedron towers on each corners. Deyr-İ Yakub (Yakup Monastery) Harran Castle Harran General View HARRAN MOUND Excavation efforts led by Archeologist Dr. Nurettin Yardımcı since 2003 have uncovered pieces from different periods. Findings from Halaf period 7,000 B.C., figurines and figurine heads from Early Bronze Age, cylinder seals from Old Assyrian period 1950 B.C., terra-cotta tablets mentioning King Nabuna id and Sin Temple from 6th century B.C. and oblation tablets were found in excavations in the mound. The mound and its environs have been host to Halaf, Ubeyd, Uruk, Bronze Ages, Hittite, Hurri, Mitanni, Assyrian, Babel, Hellenic, Roman, Byzantine, 24 25
15 and in the Islamic period; Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, Zengid, Ayyubid and Seljuk civilizations. The findings unearthed in excavations are on display in Şanlıurfa Museum. The architectural structure remains from the Islamic period include homes that are adjacent to each other, with square or rectangular plans and rooms opening out to narrow streets or to yards. Among the architectural remains, there are human-powered mills, which give us a clue about the milling industry of the time. Unearthed city remains also prove that they had improved urban planning, and a high-level of socio-economic structure. Urfa (Edessa) School of Philosophy as two schools of thinking. In the emergence of these schools the translation of Latin works on Greek Philosophy by translators of Harran played a key role. Foundation Site of the Ancient Harran University HARRAN ULU MOSQUE Harran went under Islamic rule during Caliphate Omar in 639 A.D. and served as the capital of Umayyad during the rule of Marwan II. Ulu Mosque or Heaven Mosque is in the northeast of Harran Mound and is one of the most important structures of the Islamic period. The east section of the mosque, mihrab, water tank and fountain, and greater part of the minaret have been well-preserved. Harran Ulu Mosque is the oldest mosque that is built in Islamic style in Turkey. It was built by Caliph Marwan II in Umayyad period A.D. It was repaired in different times. Ulu Mosque covers an area of 104X107 m. Perished wooden steps of the minaret were repaired with loyalty to the original 105 steps. Tumulus of Harran HARRAN UNIVERSITY Certain researches suggest that the first university of the world was founded in Harran. Harran is considered to be the city of Thabit ibn Qurra famous Medical Scientist and Mathematician; astronomer Al-Battani, who calculated the distance between earth and the moon accurately for the first time; Jabir ibn Hayyan, the founder of atoms and algebra; famous theologian Sheikh-ul Islam Ibn Teymiyye and many others. Harran is the center of Harran School, which is one of the three biggest philosophy schools in the world. When we look at the history of Urfa, we see Harran School of Philosophy ad Harran Grand Mosque 26 27
16 HARRAN CUPOLA HOUSES Most of the Cupola Houses (Conical Houses), which became synonymous with Harran, are preserved. Similar houses can be seen in rural villages of Suruç and Birecik townships of Şanlıurfa. The authentic distinction of Harran Cupola houses is the use of bricks in top cover. There are two reasons for the use of bricks. There aren t many trees around and the other is ample amount of brick material in the area. The height of the houses inside reach 5 mt, and are built with lines of bricks. The grid is irregular and upper walls are connected with clay. Inside and outside walls are also covered with clay. In harmony with the regional climate, Harran houses are warm in winter and cool in summer. caravanserai located in Tektek Mountains on the road connecting Harran with Baghdad. It bears all hallmarks of the Anatolian Seljuk Caravanserai. The tablet over the entrance door says the caravanserai was built by Hacı Husameddin Ali Bey the son of Imad the son of Isa in The name of the inn Ba rur means goat manure in Arabic. According to the tales, the person who built the inn filled it with dried grapes and served guests or passersby. In reference to future, he said Those who come after me will fill this place with goat manure. During the Mongolian invasion the building was destroyed and used as a barn by local people. It is a bit odd that the vision of the man finally came true. BAZDA CAVES There are historic quarries on both sides of the road starting from 16th km of the Harran-Han el-ba rur road. Bazda caves are on the right at 19th km. They are known and recognized as Bazda, Albazdu, Elbazde or Bozdağ Caves. Arabic inscriptions written in stone tell us that the quarry was run by individuals by the name of Abdurrahman el-hakkâri, Muhammet İbn-i Bakır, Muhammed el- Uzzar in 13th century. As a result of mining stones for buildings in Harran, Şuayb city, and Han el-ba rur for centuries, numerous squares, tunnels, and galleries took shape inside the cave. Harran Kümbet Houses HAN AL-BA RUR Han al-ba rur is located in Göktaş Village 26 km in the southeast of Harran. It dates back to the time of Umayyad. The Han El-Ba rur Bazda Caves 28 29
17 THE ANCIENT CITY OF SUAYB The Ancient City of Şuayb comes 13 kilometers after Hanel Ba rur. It is 39 km away from Harran. The Ancient City of Şuayb is a settlement dating back to the Late Roman Period (4-5th century A.D.). The city takes its name after a rumor. A cave in the region is still visited as the place of Prophet Şuayb. The common opinion reached after numerous researches conducted by scientists at various dates is that the name of Şuayb City means The City of Old People in Arabic and houses in the settlement area are the summer resorts of people who lived in Harran Plain. THE ANCIENT CITY OF SOGMATAR The Ancient City of Soğmatar is within the boundaries of the central district. Although it does not fall in the administrative boundaries of Harran district, it was included in the district because it is on the Harran-Eyyubnebi Tourism road. The Ancient City of Soğmatar is 18 km after the Ancient City of Şuayb. It is 57 km away from Harran. Dating back to the Roman period (2nd century A.D.), the city is considered a cult center for worshipping the moon and planet Gods at Tektek Mountains for Harranians during the Abgar Kingdom. Soğmatar cult site includes a cave (Pognon Cave) for worshipping Sin the Moon God, a hill (Sacred Hill) with God reliefs on foothills and inscriptions carved into the ground, 6 square and round planned tombs (Mausoleum), and many rock tombs carved into the citadel and bedrock. Ancient City of Şuayb Built as typical Roman houses with a triangular pediment, roof, and a courtyard surrounded by walls, these houses also have a cellar under the ground carved into the bedrock. Each house has a water well. Entry is available through the gates on courtyard walls. These gates open to grid streets. Sin and Şamaş Reliefs Şuayb Cave Sin Temple (Pognon Cave) 30 31
18 Tomb of Prophet Eyyub EYYUBNEBI TOWN Tomb of Ayyub At the end of the 16-km asphalt road that swerves from 85th km of the Urfa-Mardin highway are the tombs of Eyyub and his wife Rahme, the place of Prophet Elyesa who visited Eyyub, and the stone that Eyyub leaned against when he would sit in the sun, all of which are located in Eyyüpnebi Town that is 101 km away from the Central District of Şanlıurfa. It can be understood from endowment of the town that it has been called Eyyüb Nebi for 400 years. Ottoman Sultan Murad IV stopped by the village and visited tombs on his way during the Baghdad expedition and devoted the income of 17 surrounding villages for the maintenance of this tomb. These tombs have been visited by thousands of people for centuries especially on religious holidays and eves. Legend has it that the Stone of Patience, a large basalt stone that Eyyub was believed to have leant his back against, is on the west side of this tomb and visited frequently. After healing in Urfa, Eyyub went back to Eyyubnebi Town. He 32 Venus Mausoleum Soğmatar cult site was founded by residents of Urfa who fled the region around 165 A.D. due to intensive attacks by Parthians (Iranians) and continued to be a cult center until the Islamic Period. There are water wells in Soğmatar, much like those in Şuayb City, which are carved into the bedrock to meet water needs. The historic well in the Ancient City of Soğmatar is rumored to be the Well of Moses. lived there a long time and possessed goods, properties, and had children. He had more wealth than before the examination. Eyyub is rumored to have died at the age of 93 or 164 according to another opinion. Eyyub was buried at the Town of Eyyubnebi. 33 Cist of Prophet Eyyub
19 VISITING ŞANLIURFA Tomb of Rahme Hatun Tomb of Elyesa Elyesa is the contemporary of Eyyub. According to the rumor, Elyesa migrated from the land of Damascus and came to visit Eyyub. Satan appeared on the way as Elyesa arrived in Eyyubnebi Village, disguised himself as an old person, and said Oh! Do not bother yourself, old fellow. You can t find Eyyub. He went far away from here. You can t possibly find him now that you are very old. and tricked Elyesa. Elyesa had gotten old and grown too weak to walk. Right there, he took shelter in God and DAY 3: TRIP FROM THE HEART OF URFA TO THE SUNSET Tomb of Elyesa (pbuh) 34 35
20 ATATURK DAM: THE PRIDE OF TURKEY In 1958, a decision was made in 1958 to build a dam using the Euphrates River in order to increase production of electricity in Turkey and also for the irrigation of agricultural lands in 9 cities of the Southeastern Anatolian Region. General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration launched the project in Water was kept on Atatürk Dam for the first time on January 10, Electricity generation was made available in June Entirely built by Turkish engineers, Ataturk Dam began to irrigate the Harran Plain, one of the most fertile lands in the world. As a result, these lush lands gave products 2-3 times within the year instead of once. HALFETI DISTRICT The district is 112 km away from Şanlıurfa s central district. It was named Şitamrat when occupied by Salmanassar III, the King of Assyria, in 855 B.C. The Greeks changed it to Urima. Syrians used the names Kal a Rhomeyta and Hesna d Romaye for the district. After it was captured by Arabs, the district was named Kal at-ül Rum which was changed to Romaion Koyla when the Byzantines took it in 11th century. The district was conquered by the Memluki Sultan Eşref in 1290 and named Kal at-ül Müslimin. It came under Ottoman domination during the rule of Sultan Selim and took the names Urumgala and Rumkale which are still in use today. Atatürk Dam Atatürk Dam is the 6th dam in the world in terms of embankment, and the largest one in Turkey. Within the scope of this tourism-rejuvenating important project, organizations can be held at the dam lake for many water sports like sailing, canoeing, and swimming. Halfeti A part of the district was submerged in the lake water of Birecik Dam. Karaotlak area 7 km from the district center was chosen as the new settlement site and was opened for residential use. The city s symbol of black rose draws the attention of all visitors domestic and foreign alike, and has an important commercial potential. An approximately one-hour boat ride can be made to Rumkale and the historic Village of Savaşan. 36 Dam Embankment 37 Halfeti Coast from the Boat
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|Media | Batteries Winnipeg | Batteries Brandon | Batteries Regina | Online Batteries | Prairie Battery
Prairie Battery is pleased to provide its customers with manuals and videos in this dedicated media section.
The Road Trip
January 12, 2013 - Prairie Battery President Peter Vander Linden joined Michael Clark and Kelly Taylor to discuss automotive batteries and winter care. Click below to listen.
Click one of the links below to visit the appropriate section
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Welcome to DNTrade. If you want to find out about the latest domain name industry news or talk, share, learn, buy, sell, trade or develop domain names - then you've come to the right place. It's a diverse and active community, with domain investors, web developers and online marketers - and it's free! Click here to join now.Dismiss Notice
Type in Traffic - Does it exist on .com.au's?
Discussion in 'General Domain Discussion' started by Jonathan, Feb 26, 2010.
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Jody Hammett, PhD
Title: Adjunct Professor
Bachelor's Degree: Bachelor of Science in Psychology, Louisiana State University, 1999
Master's Degree: Vocational Education, Louisiana State University, 2002
PhD: Doctor of Philosophy in Human Resource Education, Louisiana State University, 2010
Phone: None
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Office: None
A graduate of the School of Leadership and Human Resource Development, Dr. Hammett worked in administration at LSU for over twelve years before moving into the private sector. Dr. Hammett started his career at LSU in the Office of Undergraduate Admissions and then moved to the College of Agriculture, where he served as the Director of Student Services for six years. It is during his tenure in the College of Agriculture that he earned his doctorate and began teaching courses as an adjunct professor in the School. Dr. Hammett's dissertation focused on the engagement of students in Agricultural Residential College. Currently, as the Director of Training and Recruitment for a major industrial contractor, he has now changed his primary focus to the engagement of employees and the shortage of a skilled, trained workforce. In this effort, he is committed to the advancement and preparation of students at LSU and enjoys teaching leadership courses for the School during intersession semesters.


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" Bethany was an absolute delight to work with for both our engagement photos as well as our wedding day. We wanted to do something fun and out of the box for our engagement shoot, and she even helped us with props, design and location. It was awesome and memorable!
Our wedding day was one of my favorite days of my life, and thankfully I have the most beautiful photos to show for it. She even created a beautiful coffee table book! If you're looking for someone with an artistic eye, a passion for photography and a love for people, you have found the right person. I would recommend her over and over again!"
Danae D - San Fransisco
"Bethany was fantastic. She was able to help me find the perfect location for my proposal, despite the fact I was in Denver. She was very communicative, empathetic, and caring. I wanted to have a photographer capture the proposal in real time without being spotted. She made that happen in the best way! Her photos are amazing. Seriously fantastic."
Kris P - Denver CO
"I was really nervous about hiring a wedding photographer, because I didn't want typical, run of the mill photos. After my first meeting with Bethany I felt so relieved and excited about having my photos taken by her!
Meeting with Bethany in person immediately showed how much care and attention to detail she brings to her craft. She's a very astute listener, and is able to understand and apply your vision to the process. She even found reference material based on our conversation, which further proved that she understood exactly what I wanted.
Working with Bethany was a breeze. My wedding was a little off the grid, but she had no problem making the trip and arriving early enough to take in the layout of the venue and scope out the best spots for photos. She really put me and my husband at ease during the process and made it really fun to have our photos taken. She was easily able to put other guests at ease, who otherwise don't enjoy having their photos taken.
The result was incredible! She captured all the moments during the ceremony that we wanted to remember, but simply couldn't because of the typical wedding jitters and craziness of the day. The portraits are gorgeous and ready to be printed to be cherished forever. Every time I look at the photos, I feel SO happy. Bethany really went above and beyond to ensure that our photos captured the magic of the day.
Thank you Bethany for your incredible artistry, skill and absolutely fantastic personality!"
Mina M - San Fransisco
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I'm not usually a cake or muffin mix person, but I have an event to cook for and we have been sick - so I'm looking for a bit easier.
I'm making cinnamon streusel muffin mix from Betty Crocker. It is decent, but I'd like to doctor it. Maybe adding sour cream? Buttermilk instead of water? An extra egg?
Any ideas?