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And here is the finished product! This one was more difficult than the first one for some strange reason?
I'm really enjoying making things and putting them on my blog...I'm sure its not that interesting to other people but its like having my own small digital exhibition! I think to myeslf 'I did that!' and I get some small sense of wellbeing. I think its the same for most people who make things, to make an object out of just string or whatever, its like magic!!
I know I'm gonna be one of those mad old ladies that knit for England! (Oi, dont say I already am!!)
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When it comes to new home appliances, then you should Lainaa 2000 (Borrow 2000) euro from Euro loan. You can extend the existing loan up to 30,000 Euros. However, you may have to submit a joint application for that huge amount. You can apply for a loan over phone or online. The euro loan is very reliable because of the long repayment period.
What is the advantage of a finish load service?
There is more than one advantage of having a euro 2000 loan. You can apply to the website to get such loan. Once it is approved, it may take up to 15 minutes for an instant transfer. There is no strict terms and condition for the euro loan. If you have a pension income, then it is very helpful.
What are the advantages of loans over other loans?
• You can get another loan after the repayment of the previous loan.
• There is an option by which you can withdraw the loan by using e-banking and cards.
• Consumer credit of EUR 2000 2000 loan is available in various amounts between 2,000 to 20,000 Euros.
What is the maximum amount of credit?
There will be a consumer credit of 2000 Euros on your account after taking the loan. You can use the credit amount according to your requirement. However, there are some minor terms of age and income which needs to be fulfilled before application of loan. Some financial solution also offers repayment period of 5 years for 20,000 Euros.
If you are going to take a one-timeloan, then you should use credit 2000e. You can pay them back by monthly installments. The debt will decrease after making payment of each monthly payment. You can adopt your financial repayment according to your requirement. The best part is that you can modify the plan after a period.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, May 29, 2008
3 Comments:
- said...
Seems nobody noticed you started updating?
Too bad. It's amazingly to see how you style evolves in the small details.
- jen said...
I haven't linked it from my old blog so only people visiting the website know about it.
But thanks!
- arcadia said...
very cool. eisneresque
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The Barrier-Alert™ has been designed to vastly increase the visibility and conspicuity of concrete barrier walls and other fixed roadway structures. The Barrier-Alert is used to assist the motorist in identifying concrete barriers and structures that, although placed for safe physical delineation of travel lanes, are not always clearly visible or conspicuous. This is especially true in dark or shadowed medians, sharp curves, initial structure transitions, narrow lanes, or when the wall is placed closely to the travel-way. Current common practices call for only small reflective markers affixed to the top of the barrier wall. These provide limited visual information to motorists, especially at nighttime. The Barrier- Alert™ transcends the limitations of these small reflective devices by providing a clear visual cue, not only of the structure's location, but also of its size and shape. This is accomplished by the BarrierAlert's™elongated and flexible material design that straddles the shape of the structure. Further, the Barrier-Alert's™ low profile, D-shaped structure provides a 180 degree reflective surface that can be seen from multiple approaches. The Barrier-Alert™ is constructed with safety in mind. If incidentally struck by a motorist, the Barrier-Alert's™ light-weight, flexible, and reboundable structure reduces snagging or secondary vehicle deflection. The Barrier-Alert™ device can be quickly and easily be mounted permanently to concrete barrier walls and structures using mostly common hand tools.
Product Catalog
"Great company. I've been going to PPP for 3 years now and I've been more than satisfied with the products and people every single time!! Mr Bob and Mr John are the best!!! Kudos to PPP!!"
Johnnie - All Pro Asphalt Jacksonville, FL
"With JobFlex, I've been able to take on bigger jobs that normally would be cost prohibitive in today's business world. Companies that hire us are less likely to provide down payments and expect us to have the resources to do the job. JobFlex has made my company a real contender!"
Earnest Beckner - U.S. Asphalt Maintenance, LLC Charlotte, NC
"Shoot, all of PPPs products are the best in the business. I know! Trust me!"
Billy - Garland Asphalt Maintenance Orlando, FL
"I've been sealcoating for 30 some years - Ken and Ryan are both quality people - product knowledge, easy and nice to come here. Both are eager to help you on the phone and here at the warehouse."
Larry - Triangle Asphalt Maintenance & Paving Raleigh, NC
"I enjoy coming in to your location, Pete has everything organized. Both Pete and Brian assist you quick and easy. I always leave happy and never thirsty because they always offer water and snacks, so thank you guys. "
Johnny - Apec Inc. Orlando, FL
"Everyone that I have met at PPP has been very nice including Pete and Brian in Orlando, and the main office in Jacksonville."
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"As a paving company sometimes just a couple slow paying customers can put us in a tight spot financially. PPP's JobFlex has allowed us more flexibility with our customers, which in turn builds trust in those relationships. We've even been awarded jobs simply because we're not requesting partial payment before we start."
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"PPP has supplied our company with the best of pavement materieals for 10 plus years. Thanks PPP!"
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"PPP in Orlando Is a great place. Those guys are always on point, very helpful, and quick to get you what you need and get you back working. Great atmosphere!"
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"I am very satisfied with the attitude and service I'm served with (as always) especially Mr. Bob. Keep up the good work!"
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"JobFlex takes a lot of stress out of the job."
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"The product was amazing...came out great...we appreciate the help."
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"The JobFlex program allows us more flexibility with our credit and also allows PPP a better chance to protect their investment. It's a win-win situation."
Amy Barber - All Pro Asphalt Jacksonville, FL
"Josh has been such a huge help in answering all of my questions in great detail. I can call Josh with any question, any time and he is eager to help me. I love a company like PPP that I can always count on. Thank you so much for your great service!"
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"I like the fact that we have more time to pay, especially when there are delays in the job due to rain or other weather issues."
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"It has helped my sealcoating business immensely by allowing me to get started in the spring when money is tight after the winter season. JobFlex allows us to get the product and defer the cost. It takes a lot of stress off! "
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Use Excel's built-in spell check feature to check the accuracy of your worksheet's entries before printing. You can check a single word, a chart, or the entire worksheet (including text found in charts, headers and footers, and cell comment notes). Excel's spell check feature compares words in your worksheet against the Windows dictionary by default. However, you can choose to have it checked against a custom dictionary you compile with terms common to your type of business or clients.
To spell check an Excel worksheet, use these steps:


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A simple friend
A simple friend brings a bottle of wine to your party.
A real friend comes early to help you cook and stays late to help you clean
You can use the search form below to go through the content and find a specific post or page:
A simple friend brings a bottle of wine to your party.
A real friend comes early to help you cook and stays late to help you clean
A simple friend, when visiting, acts like a guest.
A real friend opens your refrigerator and helps himself and doesn't feel even the least bit weird shutting your
'beer/Pepsi drawer' with her foot
The Friend Who Luv u Will Fight U More too Bt If
u Drop a Tear He Will Fight Da World 2 Stop Ur TEars So
Never Lose The Loving Friend ) Like ME
only the eyes speak truth neither the mirror nor the lips↲Only a close friend can see pain in ur eyes↲While every 1 else still belive in ur smile.
Quote said by a friend to his best friend after both got busy in life & couldn't contact each other- "I miss ur laugh a lot!!
But I miss my own more!!!"
People say-"good people become stars in sky when they Die."But i believe"good stars fall from sky and becomes lovely friend like you…
Friend is who tolerates ur worst mood, manage to smile on ur idiotic jokes, tries to understand ur craziest dream and knows the biggest reason behind ur 1 tear


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St. Joseph Ministry
231 N. Lehigh Ave. Wind Gap, Pa
St. Elizabeth/St. Joseph Food Ministry is an outreach program of the St. Elizabeth of Hungary Parish.
It provides food, clothing and household goods to lower income senior citizens, families and individuals of the Slate Belt area.
St. Elizabeth/St. Joseph Food Ministry is located in the former St. Joseph Catholic Church at Rt. 512 and Genoga Street in Wind Gap.
It is not affiliated in any way with the drop-off bins displaying a St. Joseph label in the Weis Market parking lot.
The ministry receives much of its food from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture and Second Harvest Food Bank, which serves five counties in NE Pennsylvania.
However, the ministry is always in need of conventional, easily prepared staple foods such as cereal, pasta and pasta sauce, assorted canned spaghetti products, mac and cheese and rice.
Also needed are canned soup, vegetables, fruit, peanut butter, jelly, condiments and tuna.
Clothing for all ages, as well as house wares such as dishes, glassware, silverware, cookware, small appliances and furniture, all clean and in good condition are gratefully accepted and presented to the families.
(Unfortunately, the ministry is no longer able to accept used television sets, DVD or video tape players, computers or related equipment or mattresses.)
Food items for our parish ministry may be deposited in the basket situated in the church's gathering space.
Also, food or other items may be taken to the ministry on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of any month, from 8:30 a.m. – 10:15 a.m.
Additionally, any food drop-offs or sign-up enquires should be sent to Katherine Kerler at 610-863-7542.
Any clothing or other donations can be addressed by Katherine Kerler, June Gum at 610-863-6603 or Martha Hackman at 610-863-5542
to schedule a convenient drop-off time.
Please do not deposit items outside the ministry during off hours. Your cooperation will protect the donated articles from damage by weather or varmints.
Through the kindness of the building's owner, the ministry occupies the premises rent free.
All other operating expenses such as heat, lighting and refrigeration, water and sewer, plumbing and electrical repairs and the purchase of needed additional food must be paid by the ministry.
Cash contributions are very much appreciated.
Checks should be made out to
St. Elizabeth/St. Joseph Food Ministry
Cash and checks may be put in the collection basket in an envelope marked with the food ministry's name.
On a continuing basis for at least the last ten years, St. Elizabeth/St. Joseph Food Ministry has been receiving tremendous support from the parishioners of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Catholic Church in Roseto.
On the first Sunday of each month, members of the Sodality of Mary collect a substantial amount of foodstuffs listed above and deliver it all to the ministry in a completely loaded pick-up truck and car.
A generous amount of cash is also included.
Volunteers are welcome at St. Elizabeth/St. Joseph Food Ministry to assist in receiving, stocking and distributing food, clothing, etc., grass cutting and snow clearance.
Please contact June Gum at 610-863-6603 or Martha Hackman at 610-863-5542 to join our group of volunteers.
FOR ASSISTANCE To receive food and other items, Slate Belt residents must register at the ministry on Saturdays of distribution and meet income limits and residency requirements.
Hours of public operation and distribution are 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month.
All qualified seniors, families and individuals are very welcome.


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The Smiley Face Guy is smiling again
The Smiley Face Guy is smiling again
MARSHALLTOWN, Iowa —
Lonnie Hogeland, of Marshalltown, is known as the Smiley Face Guy, but he wasn't smiling earlier this week, the Times-Republican newspaper reports.
Hogeland just added a 7-foot tall smiley face sign lawn ornament in the front yard of his home, but it disappeared last weekend.
The Times-Republican said Hogeland was offering a $500 reward to get the sign back.
Hogeland is the owner of Hogeland Auto Plaza on Main Street in Marshalltown where he earned the title of Smiley Face Guy.
The newspaper said this isn't the first time the sign has gone missing. The last time the sign disappeared it was gone for two years.
The newspaper reported the sign was returned to Hogeland's yard on Tuesday night.


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HA NOI (VNS)— Viet Nam, with a population of around 90 million, strong economic growth and close proximity to China, is one of the most appealing markets in Asia, according to the Australian Financial Review, a leading daily newspaper in Australia.
Australia's assistance with the construction of MyThuan Bridge in the south of Viet Nam still positively affects commercial dealings in the rapidly developing country, according to the Financial Review.
The bridge over the Mekong River links Tien Giang and Vinh Long provinces and was completed more than a decade ago as a joint venture between the Australian and Vietnamese governments.
According to the article, it boosted Australia's reputation in Viet Nam and helped Australian companies gain a foothold in the growing market. — VNS
Johnson Controls-Hitachi Air Conditioning establishes sales company in Vietnam
Waste energy - an opportunity wasted


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A BEAMING Rafael Benitez was able to reflect on a fabulous festive period as Newcastle United kicked off 2018 in style with a 1-0 win at Stoke City.
The Magpies pulled four points clear of the relegation zone as Ayoze Perez's second-half winner secured a fully-deserved success at the Bet365 Stadium.
Perez turned in Jacob Murphy's low cross to ensure Newcastle finished their Christmas schedule with a return of seven points from four matches against West Ham, Manchester City, Brighton and Stoke.
Benitez readily admits he would have taken his side's last four results had he been offered them in the lead-up to Christmas, and while he continues to push for additions now the transfer window has opened, the Spaniard remains delighted with his players' attitude and commitment as they look to retain their Premier League status.
"We would have taken what we have got (seven points from four games) if we had been offered it before Christmas," said Benitez. "We started the season very well, but we went on a bad run and lost a little bit of confidence.
"The team was still working very hard though. I have been telling everyone that the team have not given up, and have still been working as hard as they can, and I am pleased you have been able to see this on the pitch. This was another good example of a team working extremely hard against another team that was giving everything too. Stoke were working so hard, they made it very difficult for us."
Stoke produced a late flurry after falling behind, and Newcastle were indebted to their goalkeeper, Karl Darlow, who made three superb second-half saves to ensure his side were able to claim all three points.
However, for the vast majority of the opening 70 minutes, it was the visitors who were completely dominant, with Benitez's tactical tinkering proving inspired.
The Magpies manager dropped both of his established centre-forwards – Dwight Gayle and Joselu – and opted to pair Perez and Christian Atsu up front. The pair are not really renowned as central strikers, but they combined to run the Stoke back four ragged, with their pace and movement enabling Newcastle to offer a considerable threat on the counter-attack.
"I knew that Atsu could play in this position because I knew him before," said Benitez. "Ayoze has very clever movement, and the understanding between them both was very good. Then the rest of the team were helping with good passes and movement.
"After that, they were defending all together, and that was key. They (Stoke) started making crosses from everywhere, and we needed to cope with that, and we did well. They created some pressure, but we still had time to create three or four counter-attacks, and we could have finished the game."
Newcastle's defending in the final ten minutes was commendably resolute, underlining the strength of the spirit that continues to course through the dressing room.
Jamaal Lascelles and Ciaran Clark won a succession of important headers, but each and every Newcastle player ran themselves into the ground in the closing stages to keep Stoke out. On the handful of occasions they were found wanting, Darlow came to the rescue.
"I don't like to see the team defending and not taking the chances that we had on the counter-attack, but if you cannot do that, then you have to defend in the way that we did in the last few minutes," said Benitez. "That is the kind of team spirit that you are expecting from a team that are desperate to avoid relegation and stay in the Premier League.
"We have a lot of players who came in from the Championship, or who did not have a lot of experience in the Premier League. It is a young team, so showing that kind of spirit is what you have to do. We were playing against a team that were giving everything. They were pushing really hard, but we were defending really well."
Benitez remains keen to make some early transfer progress, and is expected to meet managing director Lee Charnley later this week to discuss his options. However, for 24 hours, he was happy to put talk of potential incomings on hold in order to celebrate a welcome away win.
"We are trying to do our best (with transfers), and we will see what can happen," he said. "But now it is about enjoying today and trying to concentrate on the next game. Everyone has to do his job."


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"PUTT FOR PINK" WITH THE LYNN SAGE CANCER RESEARCH FOUNDATION AT THE 26th ANNUAL "PLAY FOR THE CURE" GOLF OUTING
Lake Shore Country Club 1255 Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60022
The Lynn Sage Cancer Research Foundation (LSCRF) will host its 26th Annual Play for the Cure Golf Outing on Monday, June 26 at the Lake Shore Country Club, 1255 Sheridan Road, in Glencoe. With proceeds going toward breast cancer research and educational programs at Northwestern Memorial Hospital and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, the event invites golfers of all skill levels to enjoy a day of fun in the sun as they "putt for pink."
The 18-hole outing begins with registration at 11 a.m., followed by a buffet lunch. Tee-off is at 1 p.m. and the day is capped off with an evening cocktail and hors d'oeuvres reception until 7 p.m.
Tickets for the 26th Annual Play for the Cure Golf Outing are $900 per person, with an option to purchase a foursome for $3,600. "Under 40" tickets are available for $550 per person and can be purchased by golfers who will be under 40 years of age prior to the event.
The Play for the Cure Golf Outing is co-chaired by Melissa Mazzetta and Bari Anixter Mlodinoff. Premier Sponsor is $20,000. The $7,500 will serve as the "Double Eagle" Sponsor, $5,000 as the "Eagle" Sponsors and $2,500 serve as the "Birdie" Sponsors. Sponsorships are available from $2,500 to $20,000.
For more information regarding tickets and sponsorships, call 312.926.7133 or visit www.lynnsage.org.


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Life is riddled with defining moments that birth pain, replacing the biological person you are born to be. You, only you know the insurmountable pain clouding your judgment that robs the joy surrounding you.
Pain and depression are as real as the hands used to carry out the careless actions they bring about. You may not care to carry on because your life is not worth living but know this, your pain will be the birth of pain in others.
There are no words to remove the depressive state you carry from yesterday until today but know that hope remains the foundation where pain dwells.
Life will always be a tumultuous roller coaster of joys and sorrow. You will lose loved ones and gain new friends. You will ride the euphoria of success and free fall from bad decisions.
This is life in all its glory and you must not let it beat you. You are more valuable than you think. More loved than you know. More precious than the world makes you believe.
Stay strong, this too shall pass.


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Chicago police have issued a community alert for a man being sought in the attempted sexual assault of a woman Sunday night in the Lincoln Park neighborhood.
The woman was entering her apartment building in the 2000 block of North Sheffield Avenue about 11 p.m. when she was approached from behind, pushed into the vestibule and attacked, police said.
But the woman fought back and screamed, driving her attacker away.
The suspect is described as a white or Hispanic man with a dark complexion, 19 to 23 years old, 5-foot-6, weighing 190 to 200 pounds with a short buzz haircut. He was wearing a long white T-shirt, long shorts and dark gym shoes at the time.
Anyone with information is asked to call Area 3 detectives at 312-744-8261.
--Staff report


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This project included renovation of a suite of rooms in Hasslemo Hall to accommodate a new 400 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The NMR required new lines to be run for compressed air, electrical, and HVAC which resulted in the removal of ceilings and fixtures.
Fair State Brewing Cooperative wanted to expand their footprint and distribution throughout the state and region. In order to achieve this goal they were in need of a new production facility, distribution warehouse, and office space to house employees.
Located on the West Bank of the University, the Regis Center for Art houses art classrooms including a foundry and kilns. Because of the nature of the functions in the building, there is a significant amount of on-going rooftop operations and maintenance.
Burnsville based Valley Natural Meats, a subsidiary of Valley Natural Foods, chose Loeffler to Design and Renovate a 4,400 SF MDA- and organic-certified meat processing plant and 4,000 SF holding barn on a 16 acre parcel in Northfield MN. The plant will manufacture specialty and smoked and cured meats, jerky, hams and sausages for wholesale and retail customers. The demand for sustainable farming, and humanely raised, grass and organic grain fed, locally produced meats that are USDA certified is growing rapidly.
The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) provides high performance computing for researchers at the University of Minnesota. The existing data center within Walter Library utilized a single zone, wet-pipe fire sprinkler system throughout for asset protection. Loeffler diligently converted the existing fire suppression and addressable alarm systems to alleviate future asset loss potential.
Call Us Now(952) 955-9119
Loeffler Construction & Consulting20520 Keokuk Avenue, Lakeville, MN 55044
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Expedia-verified reviews
Don't miss out on a lower price on this property
Get an overview of this hotelApartment with restaurant, near Los Cristianos Beach
Popular property highlights
Situated by the ocean, this spa apartment is 0.3 mi (0.4 km) from Torviscas Beach and 1.7 mi (2.7 km) from Los Cristianos Beach. Troya Beach and Veronicas Strip are also within 10 minutes.
Property features
This apartment features a restaurant, an outdoor pool and a bar/lounge. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include a poolside bar, laundry facilities and a 24-hour front desk.
Apartment amenities
Each apartment features WiFi, a sofa bed and a kitchenette with a fridge. Other amenities that guests will find include a coffee/tea maker and a TV. Limited housekeeping is available.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us! Opens in a new window.
Paraiso del Sol Apartments
Apartment Amenities
Apartment Amenities
The apartment offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the apartment's bars, which include A poolside bar and A bar/lounge. Public areas are equipped with complimentary wireless Internet access. This Arona apartment also offers an outdoor pool, multilingual staff and on-site laundry facilities.
- Bar/lounge
- ATM/banking
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- 24-hour front desk
- Poolside bar
- Pool umbrellas
- Billiards or pool table
- Laundry facilities (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Number of floors - 2
- Free WiFi
- Pool sunloungers
- Outdoor pool
- Wired Internet access - surcharge
- Multilingual staff
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Laundry facilities
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: WiFi (surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Wired Internet access - surcharge
Room Amenities
- Access via exterior corridors
- Kitchenette
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Limited housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Bidet
- Bathtub only
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- In-room safe (surcharge)
- Television
- Sofa bed
- Number of bathrooms -
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Free cribs/infant beds
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning.
Paraiso del Sol Apartments has a restaurant serving breakfast and dinner.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the apartment include an outdoor pool.
- Golfing nearby
Spa Services
- Manicures and pedicures
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
- Massages
Apartment Policies
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is midnight
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
- No on-site parking is available.
Optional extras
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 6.75 per person (approximately)
- A late check-out fee will be charged
- An in-room safe is available for an additional fee
Apartment Name
- Paraiso Sol Apartments Apartment Arona
- Paraiso Sol Apartments Apartment
- Paraiso Sol Apartments Arona
- Paraiso Sol Apartments
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500 due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using the information in the booking confirmation. Reservations are required for massage services. Reservations can be made by contacting the apartment prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Only registered guests are allowed in the guest rooms.


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Broadband Anywhere
Applications: Downloading Music and Burning CDs
Broadband Home Labs
Your Voice -
Heard on the Net News about People and Companies Influencing The Broadband Home
People News
Andrew Audet was named CEO of Lemur Networks, a provider of business support systems for on-demand IP services delivery. Audet most recently was president and CEO of Chinook Communications. ( www.lemurnetworks.net )
Jeffrey Crosby was named VP of marketing for set-top products at Conexant Systems. Crosby was previously senior VP of DirecTV. ( www.conexant.com )
Tony Fallows was named VP of product marketing at Riverstone Networks. He was previously general manager and pre-sales director for EMEA. ( www.riverstonenetworks.com )
Norm Farquhar has joined Magis Networks as its CFO. Prior to joining Magis, he was CFO of AirPrime, Inc. ( www.magisnetworks.com )
George Hillier has become VP of Sales at Ucentric, joining the team focusing on network operator customers. Prior to Ucentric, Hillier was at OpenTV. ( www.ucentric.com )
Bjorn Kirchdorfer has joined Navini Networks as EVP of Commercial Operations. Previously, Kirchdorfer was a Vice President with IP Wireless ( www.navini.com )
Mark Laubach has become President and CEO of Broadband Physics, Inc. which is the new name taken by Rainmaker Technologies. ( www.broadbandphysics.com )
Steve Libbey has joined Cedar Point Communications as Regional VP, Sales. Libbey most recently was sales VP with ADC Broadband. ( www.cedarpointcom.com )
John Muleta has become chief of the FCC Wireless Telecommunications Bureau. Muleta was previously president and CEO of Source 1 Technologies. ( www.fcc.gov )
Carl Russo has become President and CEO of Calix, an access platform supplier to local exchange carriers. Prior to Calix, he was group VP of optical networking at Cisco Systems ( www.calix.com )
Peter Schultz has joined ICTV as director of solutions marketing. Schultz was formerly with Liberate Technologies. ( www.ictv.com )
Solomon Trujillo has been named CEO of France Telecom's Orange SA unit. Trujillo had been Chairman of US West until the completion of the merger with Qwest. ( www.francetelecom.com/en )
John Vaughan has become CEO of Syndeo. He most recently served as CEO of Cinta Networks. ( www.syndeocorp.com )
Company News
Alcatel has completed a deal to acquire iMagic TV for approximately $30 million. Alcatel previously owned 16 percent of iMagic TV, which develops software for delivering multi-channel TV and interactive video services over broadband networks. ( www.alcatel.com ) ( www.imagictv.com )
Alcatel is partnering with IPWireless to serve mobile operators who want to complement their GSM/GPRS and WCDMA service offerings with TDD broadband wireless services. The solution is especially suitable for coverage of "hot zones" such as dense business areas. The IPWireless solution delivers data rates of up to 3Mbps (1.5Mbps in a 5MHz channel) direct to users' laptops or PCs via a PC card. ( www.alcatel.com ) ( www.ipwireless.com )
Alvarion Ltd has agreed to acquire InnoWave ECI Wireless Systems Ltd. for $9.7 million in cash, and will grant warrants for purchasing 200,000 Alvarion shares over 5 years at $3 per share. ( www.alvarion.com ) ( www.innowave-ws.com )
Anderson Merchandisers, the music distributor for Wal-Mart, is buying Liquid Audio's digital music fulfillment business for $3.2 million, through their affiliate, Geneva Media, LLC. The NY Times reported that "Anderson, based in Knoxville, Tenn., hopes to distribute music downloads through the Web sites of retailers, including Wal-Mart, though no deal has been worked out yet." ( www.amerch.com ) ( www.liquidaudio.com )
Andrew Corporation plans to acquire rival Allen Telecom in an all-stock transaction valued at $500 million. ( www.andrew.com ) ( www.allentele.com )
Apax Partners, the Goldman Sachs Group and Providence Equity Partners have grouped together to buy six regional cable-television networks from Deutsche Telekom for 1.725 billion. The price is significantly less than Liberty Media previously had agreed to pay, before it was blocked by German regulators. ( www.apax.com ) ( www.gs.com ) ( www.provequity.com ) ( www.telekom.de )
Firstnet has bought out Liberty Broadband, a UK fixed wireless operator previously known as Tele2 UK Ltd, for an undisclosed amount. Firstnet is promoting their service by recruiting local "broadband champions" to co-ordinate campaigns in areas desperate for broadband Internet access. ( www.firstnet.net.uk ) ( www.libertybroadband.co.uk )
Microsoft has agreed to acquire privately held PlaceWare Inc., a provider of Web conferencing services. Terms of the agreement were not disclosed. ( www.microsoft.com ) ( www.placeware.com )
Tollgrade Communications, Inc. has purchased the Cheetah status and performance monitoring product line of Acterna, LLC. for $14.3 million in cash, plus certain liabilites. Tollgrade plans to consolidate the Cheetah product with its Lighthouse status monitoring system. ( www.tollgrade.com ) ( www.acterna.com )
Akustica, a provider of acoustic system-on-a-chip solutions has obtained an additional $2 million in funding, to bring their Series A total to $4.5 million. ( www.akustica.com )
Airespace, formerly called Black Storm Networks, has raised a total of $15.5 million from leading Silicon Valley venture capital firms for their development of wireless LAN infrastructure. ( www.airespace.com )
Calix, a supplier of access platforms for wireline carriers, obtained $50 million additional in venture capital funding. ( www.calix.com )
Echo, a consortium of the six largest music retailers, has been formed, with each company owning an equal stake. The participating retailers are Best Buy, Tower Records, the Virgin Entertainment Group; Wherehouse Entertainment; Hastings Entertainment; and Trans World Entertainment. Echo will sell music that can be downloaded from the Web, using either individually branded or an Echo co-branded identity. ( www.echo.com )
HelloSoft, a provider of semiconductor communications software IP for multifunction devices and equipment, raised $11 million in its Series A round. The company focuses on technologies such as 2.5G/3G wireless, wireless LAN, voice-over-packet, digital subscriber line, and Bluetooth. ( www.hellosoft.com )
IceFyre Semiconductor, a semiconductor start-up focused on low-power, high-performance WLAN products, announced the closing of $19 million in Series C funding. Motorola and Covington Capital co-led the round, which also included new investor TD Capital Technology Ventures and all existing investors. ( www.icefyre.com )
Icera Semiconductor, a fabless semiconductor designer, said it has raised $10 million in Series A funding. ( www.icerasemi.com )
Ikanos Communications has received $30 million in its Series D funding. They will use the new capital to support volume shipments of their VDSL-DMT chipsets, initally targeting the Asian market. ( www.ikanos.com )
Magis Networks has received an investment from ViewSonic, which joins AOL Time Warner, Hitachi, Motorola, Panasonic, and Sanyo in Magis' $48 million Series B round. ( www.magisnetworks.com )
VoiceRamp Technologies, which develops a software platform for broadband access and existing switching networks, raised $7.8 million in Series A financing. ( www.voiceramp.com )
--Other News
3Com Corporation and Infineon Technologies AG entered into an agreement that assigns 3Com's rights to certain patents related to Ethernet over Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) to Infineon. 3Com received an undisclosed fee and will receive a portion of Infineon's future licensing royalties. ( www.3com.com ) ( www.infineon.com )
America Online is offering their broadband subscribers free access to CNN's NewsPass subscription content as part of their strategy to leverage company content to grow and retain their broadband users. Other Internet users pay $4.95 monthly (or $39.95 per year) for video news and sports and more. In other news, AOL has suspended their iTV offering due to poor sales, although continuing to support those who have subscribed; the service allowed subscribers to surf the Web and send email from their TV using a set-top box and wireless keyboard. ( www.aoltimewarner.com ) ( www.cnn.com/NewsPass/landingpage/ )
Allot Communications, a provider of policy-based networking solutions, announced a partnership agreement with NextNet Wireless and an OEM agreement with Alvarion, both broadband wireless access (BWA) solutions providers. BWA providers are seeking to provide both QoS and bandwidth management as part of their customer solutions. ( www.allot.com ) ( www.nextnetwireless.com ) ( www.alvarion.com )
BellSouth, which had been offering a trial VoIP phone service called DSL Talking, has withdrawn the service. Customers who signed up can continue the service directly with the supplier, Vonage. Vonage offers service in over 115 area codes, in 28 of the top 50 US media markets. ( www.bellsouth.com ) ( www.vonage.com )
BSkyB reported quarterly net subscriber growth of 244,000 to bring their total to 6.6 million subscribers. Their operating profit increased 126%, their revenues increased and their churn fell. ( www.sky.com )
Celite Systems has announced their service that enables phone companies to turn on broadband service one neighborhood at a time. The company says its technology blends the best elements of standard DOCSIS cable modem technology with the best elements of standard VDSL technology. ( www.celitesystems.com )
CinemaNow, a VOD distributor of feature films over the Internet, announced a licensing agreement with Media Design Institute, a Japanese and American based multi-media company, to distribute the CinemaNow film library in Japan through NTT-DATA, Japan's largest systems-integrator. The CinemaNow site includes instructions for users on how to hook up their PC to their TV. ( www.cinemanow.com ) ( www.nttdata.co.jp/en/ )
Comcast has launched SeaChanges Recording System technology that blends PVR and VOD. ( www.comcast.com ) ( www.seachangeinternational.com )
Global IP Sound, a voice processing technologies provider, and Pocket Presence, a provider of wireless communication software, announced availability of the Running Voice IP wireless softphone solution on PDAs like the HP iPAQ Pocket PC. The demo illustrated quality real time voice communication over an 802.11 wireless network. ( www.globalipsound.com ) ( www.pocketpresence.com ).
InnoMedia announced its partnership with India's TATANET, to offer IndiCall, a VoIP-based long distance telephone service. Users place Internet calls from India to any regular phone or cellular phone through Innomedia's InnoSphere network that provides service to over 200 countries. Internet telephony was deregulated in India in April 2002. ( www.innomedia.com ) ( www.tata.com )
Intel announced their "Statesboro" Digital Home reference and concept platforms, and new UPnP tools at the Intel Developers' Forum. Intel's focus is on creating tools that enable PCs to distribute digital media to consumer electronics devices throughout the home. The reference platform is a complete system solution to assist OEMs in developing new PC systems that broadcast digital photos and music to TVs and stereos. Intel also showcased PC features expected in 2004 such as wireless streaming video and personal video recording. (See "Intel Inside" Means Music and Media Too in BBHR October 8, 2002.) ( www.intel.com ) ( www.bbhcentral.com/report/backissues/Report0209_5.html )
Linksys announced the sales of over 100,000 Wireless-G products in North America since products began shipping on December 24, 2002. Linksys expects to ship more than 500,000 Wireless-G products during the first quarter (Q1) of this year. Linksys also announced licensing new hardware and software technologies from Intel to expedite the delivery of Wireless Digital Media Adapters to distribute PC and Internet content to TVs and stereos throughout the home. This new media adapter will connect to any television or stereo using standard A/V cables. The product, targeted to cost less then $200, is scheduled to be introduced in Q2 2003. ( www.linksys.com ) ( www.intel.com )
Navini Networks launched its new PCMCIA wide area wireless broadband card which enables mobile data users broadband access anywhere in the coverage area. ( www.navini.com )
Philips Electronics announced their wireless broadband residential gateway reference design that supports both 802.11b wireless LAN and DECT cordless phone standards. The design supports development of broadband routers and gateways providing wireless data communications and cordless Voice over IP via a single broadband connection. ( www.philips.com )
Private Media Group Inc., a provider of adult material, announced their broadband VOD service. ( www.prvt.com )
Radvision has introduced a multimedia gateway supporting video telephony between 3G-324M cell phones and IP and/or ISDN-based video systems using the 3G-324M standard. NTT DoCoMo is using the Radvision gateway as part of their real-time video communication platform that enables interworking with 3G mobile communications; after the trial service, they plan to begin a commercial service by September 2003. Alcatel also announced its collaboration to add RADVISION's new viaIP gw-P20/M Gateway into its solutions for the 3G/UMTS marketplace. ( www.radvision.com ) ( www.nttdocomo.com ) ( www.alcatel.com )
Samsung and Arcturus announced a partnership and delivery of a complete reference system for designers of Residential Gateways, SOHO networks, Internet Attached Devices (IAD) and convergence equipment. ( samsungelectronics.com ) ( www.arcturusnetworks.com )
STSN, a provider of broadband communications to hotels, has signed 70 additional hotel property owners over the last four months, bringing to over 500 the number of hotel properties served in the US, Canada and Western Europe. They also continued to expand "hot spots" to about 50 percent of its customer base in the last eight weeks, and say overall buy-rates have more than doubled in the last 12 months. ( www.stsn.com )
U.S. Robotics and Jungo Software Technologies announced that Jungo's OpenRG residential gateway software will provide the core software infrastructure for a new range of U.S. Robotics' SOHO and home networking products. ( www.usr.com ) ( www.jungo.com )
Wi-LAN Inc. announced that the IEEE "WirelessMAN" Standard 802.16a, incorporates their W-OFDM (Wide-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. Wi-LAN has a non-exclusive agreement with Fujitsu Microelectronics America to develop Standard 802.16a System-on-Chip solutions. ( www.wi-lan.com ) ( www.fujitsumicro.com )
Yahoo signed a deal with BT Broadband to offer bundled premium services to high-speed customers. The service is due to be available this spring. Pricing has not been announced. Yahoo is trying to sell content services both in bundling deals wih service providers and as unbundled content to other broadband users. ( www.uk.yahoo.com ) ( www.bt.com/broadband )
--Standards, Certifications and Interoperability
The IEEE approved 802.16a, for wireless metropolitan-area networks. The amendment covers "Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz" and includes both licensed and license-exempt bands. Wireless MANs are supported by the WiMAX Forum, a coalition which promotes deployment and certifies interoperability between products based on 802.16 standards. ( www.ieee802.org/16 ) ( wimaxforum.org )
The US Federal Communications Commission ruled on Unbundled Network Elements (UNEs) that state regulators will have more control in determining which portion of local phone networks will be available for rivals to lease and at what wholesale rates. They also ruled that incumbent providers don't have to share new fiber to the home or neighborhood, and that existing copper lines need be shared with high-speed Internet competitors only if these companies will also offer voice services. [Editors comment: To our eye this looks like it's on the right track toward "old wires, old rules; new wires, new rules" -- see BBHR 11/14/01.] ( www.fcc.gov ) ( www.broadbandhomecentral.com/report/backissues/Report0111_4.html )
Briefly Noted
As the year gets underway, several market analysts and researchers have issued reports and predictions for broadband's future. Here are a few:
Strategy Analytics projected the installed base of US residential broadband subscribers will grow from today's 17.9 million homes to 25.3 million by year end 2003, a more than 40% increase. Their breakdown by technology employed predicts that 16.1 million homes will use cable modems, 7.9 million will use DSL connections and 1.3 million will use other, less established, technologies. Their end of 2008 prediction is 64 million broadband subscribers, or 59 percent of all US homes. ( www.strategyanalytics.com )
Strategy Analytics also issued European statistics and projections, showing 12 million European homes (7.5% of households) now having broadband Internet. Their 2003 projections call for 7.2 million European homes acquiring broadband for the first time during 2003, bringing the total to 19.1 million households. Although in 2002 a growing number of customers chose ADSL providers over cable, they expect cable operators will increase their share of net new subscribers to 25 percent, while ADSL's share will fall to 71 percent. The European 2008 projections is for 38% of European homes to have broadband services. ( www.strategyanalytics.com/press/pr00035.htm )
IDC released its top 10 predictions for the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) market in the Asia/Pacific region for 2003. Two of these were:
Regional News
Australia: Telstra announced $4.6 million in funding through its Telstra Broadband Fund, to encourage development of new and innovative technologies and applications in Australia. Nineteen applicants will benefit during the first round of funding. ( www.broadbandfund.telstra.com/?tR=3m )
UK: The UK Government will be auctioning off licenses for wireless broadband in May. Licences will be made available for the 3.4GHz radio frequency at speeds of up to 2Mbps over a range of 10km. A consultation will also determine if a licence for 3.6GHz should also be offered. The reserve price of the licences has been set at £300,000 for Greater London, Midlands and Northern Metropolitan areas and £100,000 elsewhere. The British government has also announced plans to make the 5GHz spectrum band licence-exempt to assist the growth of broadband. This will allow deployment of wireless hot spots based on 802.11a thereby increasing the speed.
Also in the UK, Oftel published new customer research which showed that awareness and use of broadband services continues to grow:
Spain: El Pais reports that Julio Linares, chairman of the Spanish division of Telefonica, said that they will not reduce the price of their ADSL internet service since there was already sufficient growth in client numbers. However, the Spanish internet users association (AI) has pledged to use all means necessary to force reduction of the consumer price (currently 39.07 euros a month), given that business clients pay only 22 euros. ( www.telefonica.com )
Italy: Three regional operators that were recently awarded 26GHz licenses have now deployed Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) solutions based on Alvarion's technology. They were the first of the 11 regional and 3 nationwide operators granted licenses in August 2002. ( www.brennercom.it ) ( www.infracom.it ) ( www.wireless2000.it ) ( www.alvarion.com )
EC: The European Commission (EC) held "Broadband Day" Jan. 28 in Brussels to promote the widespread availability and use of broadband Internet access across Europe. Broadband initiatives at the EU level are channeled through the eEurope Action Plan, which hopes to achieve widespread availability and use of broadband throughout the Union by 2005. ( europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/ )
Canada: Canadian ministers announced $2.4 million for 89 recipients of first-round funding for broadband business plan development. The funds were allocated as part of the $105-million Broadband for Rural and Northern Development Pilot Program. The applicants will develop business plans outlining how each community would use broadband Internet service. Each applicant received up to $30,000 to develop business plans to be submitted by May 22, 2003, to compete for implementation funding. ( broadband.gc.ca )
Also in Canada, the provincial government of Ontario launched an investment program aimed at improving high-speed telecommunications in rural and northern Ontario. The Connect Ontario: Broadband Regional Access (COBRA) program includes $55 million in funding over the next three years. At least half the capital for broadband projects will have to be provided by participating communities through federal-level Canadian government programs or public-private partnerships. ( www.ontario-canada.com/ontcan/en/rts/rts_connect-ontario_broadband.jsp )
US: The new Rural Broadband Loan and Loan Guarantee Program has made available $1.4 billion in loans and loan guarantees to provide broadband services in rural communities for FY 2003. The loans are targeted at communities with populations up to 20,000. The Rural Broadband Coalition and WCA/LEA Rural Broadband Task Force websites provide rules and information. ( www.usda.gov/news/releases/2003/01/0028.htm ) ( www.ruralbroadbandcoalition.net ) ( www.wcai.com/rural/index.htm )
Also in the US, NTIA pledged active U.S. government participation in the global effort, known as "ENUM", to match phone numbers with Internet addresses. ENUM would enable U.S. citizens to communicate both voice and text messages through one single identifier, either a telephone number or an e-mail address. ( www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/press/2003/enumpr_02122003.htm )
Broadband Anywhere: Focus on Wireless
We've spent considerable time investigating wireless connectivity inside and outside the home, and want to provide an update on what we see as the increasing momentum toward "wireless anywhere". This article focuses on the technologies and services for providing broadband beyond the range of Wi-Fi networks. The following article covers the emergence of 802.11g as the new standard for wireless networking in the home.
As more homes have multiple computers, including laptops, a rapidly-increasing number are being equipped with Wi-Fi networks. As people get used to having broadband connections and mobile devices, they start wishing they could have broadband wherever and whenever they want it.
People might want to use broadband in lots of places: at work; at home; in public places like hotels, airports, and coffee shops; outside buildings; and in cars, trains and planes. Many companies are working on a wide variety of technologies and services to make broadband available at all of these places.
"Broadband anywhere" is the objective -- just like using your mobile phone almost anywhere is now taken for granted.
"Inside Out" With Wi-Fi
There are two broad ways to approach "broadband anywhere". One is to extend wireless local area network (WLAN) technology to cover wider spaces inside and outside buildings: we call that the "inside out" approach. The other is to extend wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) technology to reach into buildings - we call that "outside in". Many companies are working on these approaches; we believe both will play a role.
"WiFi Everywhere"
"Wi-Fi" is key to the "inside out" approach. The technology is very inexpensive and has become so popular that the word "Wi-Fi" has been picked up by the popular press and often misused as a synonym for "wireless".
"Wi-Fi" refers literally to The Wi-Fi Alliance, a nonprofit trade association formed to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network products based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. It is also used as shorthand for Wi-Fi Certified to refer to products which have passed the Alliances interoperability tests.
The original "Wi-Fi" designation was for lower-speed 802.11b products; it has been extended to include higher-speed products based on the 802.11a standard and will be further extended to 802.11g when that draft standard is ratified later in 2003.
The 802.11 technology covered by the "Wi-Fi" designation was developed as a WLAN technology designed to cover a building. It operates in unlicensed frequency bands with low power and has a relatively short range. The WLAN usually connects to a wireline for broadband access - typically T1 or DS3 to an office, cable modem or DSL to a home.
Hotspots, Hot Zones and Community Networks
As Wi-Fi equipped notebook computers and PDAs continue their rapid growth curve, companies are focusing attention on providing wireless services outside the home. One approach is to provide Wi-Fi "hotspots" in public places, and extend the hotspots so a series of them form a "hot zone".
Continuing to expand these areas is one way to start covering a larger area and some are working on "community networks". However, the low power and contention within unlicensed bandwidth by multiple sources suggests this may be a difficult model to scale. The growth and expansion of Wi-Fi from a home to a neighborhood to a metropolitan area looks like the waves coming out from a stone thrown in a pond--they are rings of increasing width which fade out as they get farther from the center point.
"Outside In" with Metropolitan Area Networks
A wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) approaches the problem a different way. These technologies provide wireless broadband services from a tower to buildings and to the streets around them.
Several companies offer technologies specifically for "fixed broadband wireless" designed to provide broadband service to communities not served by wireline services. Some, based on low-cost 802.11 technologies, are suited for smaller areas and light usage; others are proprietary. Most require a "line of sight" (LOS) from the base station tower to the individual home, and use an outdoor antenna at the home pointed to the base station. Some use "mesh networks" to route data from one home to another until it reaches the base station.
Phone companies have been on a quest to extend their coverage from the narrowband voice world to the broadband data world, and have made huge expenditures on spectrum in which to offer so-called "3G" services capable of significantly broader bandwidth than today. 3G technologies with names like WCDMA and EVDO continue to be developed and have been deployed in some places. However, some now believe that these "traditional" technologies will provide only limited bandwidth at a high price, and that other approaches may be more appropriate for wireless broadband data -- especially for the consumer market.
A new group of young companies has been focused on developing technologies to cover wide areas, just as cellular can do, but starting from the premise that they are being designed to carry broadband data -- and that voice is just another data type which will be accomodated. These technologies aim to provide true broadband with data rates of 1-2 Mbps to many simultaneous users at prices comparable to wireline broadband. They typically are "non line of sight" (NLOS) and capable of penetrating trees and walls to reach into buildings. They are usually targeted to notebook PCs and PDAs, use a small modem or PCMCIA card, and are customer installed. They generally operate in licensed spectrum. A few of these technologies are based on 3G; most are not.
Although still in the early evolution stages these technologies appear to be proving themselves in market trials and some are now moving to deployment. Here are some recent developments:
The IEEE is busy formalizing standards for these metropolitan area broadband technologies. IEEE 802.16 focuses on fixed wireless, and has recently completed final approval of several standards. IEEE 802.20 has just been formed to focus on mobile applications.
These WMAN technologies can be used over a wide area and in a moving car; they can also be used at a coffee shop or at your home if that is within range. We call this the "outside-in" approach for "broadband anywhere".
Room For Both
At the moment, the "inside-out" approach appears to be ahead because of economies from the high volume of Wi-Fi equipment and the enormous hype in the press. The "outside-in" technologies are potentially disruptive to existing players in hot spots and wireline broadband. Once deployed over large areas, they could make hot spots and wireline broadband access redundant.
We do not believe that one approach will wipe out the other. Each is likely to find a zone in which it operates most effectively and is the most cost-effective for its application. We believe there will be increasing integration by operators of systems which use both WLAN and WMAN technologies with handoffs between them based on the user location and movement. Several WMAN companies have announced seamless hand off between Wi-Fi inside and near a building to their WMAN technology outside.
Where there are dense aggregrations of people and users - especially in and near buildings -- it's likely that wireline to the building and wireless in and around it will make the most economic sense. Further away from buildings, or in areas with low population density, pure wireless makes the most sense.
In the short term, because the efforts related to Wi-Fi and WLAN technologies are typically handled by different units of companies than the WMAN technologies, users are likely to see a wealth of choices -- with lots of overlap and confusion. For the companies, it may result in duplicate spending and resources. We expect this to settle down over time.
Things to Watch
Broadband wireless is in its infancy, and there are more questions than answers at this point. Here are some things we're watching:
Wireless broadband technologies are all in their infancy, and the applications are largely unknown. People's behavioral habits always adapt slowly to the availability of new capabilities.
We believe the end game is unlikely to be dominated by one technology. The outcome will be determined by the economics of various technologies, the development of popular applications to drive volumes, and consumer willingness to pay for these applications.
It's too early to predict the outcome, but it's fun to watch the game.
( www.wi-fi.org ) ( www.clearwire.com ) ( www.ipwireless.com ) ( www.navini.com ) ( www.arraycomm.com ) ( www.kt.co.kr/kt/eng ) ( www.broadbandhomecentral.com/report/backissues/Report0212_12.html ) ( www.flarion.com ) ( www.hanaro.com ) ( www.xtratyme.com )
11G Goes Gangbusters
On January 31st, Linksys announced that over 100,000 of their wireless products based on the emerging 802.11g standard had been sold in North America since shipping began on December 24, 2002. Linksys expects to ship more than 500,000 Wireless-G products during 1Q of this year. These products are based on "54g" silicon, Broadcom's implementation of the draft standard, expected to receive final IEEE approval this June. Although products cannot yet carry a Wi-Fi label, Broadcom and Intersil have conducted interoperability testing up to the 54 Mbps data rate.
802.11g transmits in the same 2.4 GHz band as 802.11b. It has been eagerly anticipated by those using the 11b standard and looking for faster data rates. Unlike 802.11a -- which also has faster data rates -- 11g has the advantage of maintaining back compatibility with the huge installed base of 11b products (21.5 million shipped in 2002 according to Broadcom). 11g is also expected to work faster over a longer distance than 11a, but is more susceptible to interference from devices like microwave ovens and portable phones.
To get a perspective on expectations for 11g products, we spoke with Jeff Abramowitz, Senior Director of WLAN Marketing at Broadcom. Jeff is delighted with the success of 11g-based products: the ramp rate in getting to 100,000 g-based products sold is 4x as fast as 11b and 12x as fast as 11a. Although some changes came out of the January IEEE standards meeting, Broadcom's 54g silicon is "draft 6.1 compliant" i.e., can handle the change and Linksys will be issuing new software to accomodate it.
We spoke with Jeff about realistic customer expectations for throughput under various circumstances. Broadcom has determined that users of 11b should get 5+ Mbps, users of 11g should get 20+ Mbps. Naturally, the rates will vary with distance. If a user has a mixed network, with their 11g access point supporting both b and g cards, then the b cards will still get 5 Mbps but the g card rates will be slowed to 10 Mbps; coordinating the use of the transmission medium requires overhead communication. Thus compatibility brings with it some reduction in throughput.
Several people at Linksys told us their 11g products were flying off the shelves, and our initial attempt to buy an 11g access point and notebook card bore this out. While visiting our son in Colorado Springs, we found Web sites back-ordered and had to call a number of stores before we finally found what seemed to be the last Linksys 11g access point in stock in town. We are sure that Linksys suppliers will help them re-stock quickly and understand that other vendors will have product available momentarily.
Once we installed the access point and LAN card at our son's house, we did some initial performance tests. We didn't have our complete test rig so we couldn't do extensive testing. However, after setting up our various laptops (there were 4 people and 4 laptops present) we measured 11g speeds from 12 to 16 Mbps - more than three times faster than 11b using the same test in the same places.
Both Linksys and Broadcom say these early "54g" products are upgradable to the final specs. Articles in many trade magazines have warned users that the standard isn't final until it is actually approved and to beware of potential interoperability problems with products based on different chip sets. That didn't deter us personally from buying an access point and cards for our son, although he had no pre-existing wireless networking equipment installed.
We have started more rigorous testing in our home environment so we can compare the performance of 11a, 11b, 11g and mixed mode (b and g) environments. We expect to report our results next month in the Broadband Home Labs section of this report. Please see the Broadband Home Labs section of our website for more information: http://www.bbhcentral.com/bbhl/wifi.html
( www.linksys.com ) ( www.broadcom.com ) ( www.wi-fi.org ) ( www. intersil.com )
Applications: Downloading Music and Burning CDs - Legally
(Dave) Last fall, a reader wrote us about broadband applications: "Rhapsody charges a monthly subscription fee for their service but I am particularly fond of the 'build-your-own-radio-station' feature that is offered. As the 'free' Internet radio stations dry up it looks like 'pay to play' will eventually become the standard for Internet distribution of audio and video content." We were intrigued by his observation and made a note to learn more about this feature.
We recently started using this feature. The "radio stations" in Rhapsody are preprogrammed music sequences from albums in Rhapsody's catalog; these cover many genres similar to satellite radio. But none of them really matched the music I like best: American and English folk-rock. I quickly found the "Create a Custom Station" feature, and entered eight artist names (it allows up to ten). I then clicked on "play" and immediately started listening to a sequence of tracks from those artists -- and other artists Rhapsody found that were similar. This approach is really better than radio -- you can fast-forward past any song you don't like.
Pretty soon, I heard a great song by a group I didn't recognise. Clicking on the "Album info" icon brought me to an album I'd never heard of - "The Guv'nor Vol 3" by Ashley Hutchings. I knew about Hutchings since he was in several of the groups I'd selected. So I did a search by artist on "Hutchings" and found two more albums in the same series -- and then listened to the three albums.
I really wanted to hear the albums on our audio system as well as on my PC so I wondered if there was a way I could get the albums into our PC jukebox. (Readers will remember that we use our PCs as a jukebox and play tracks over our audio systems with an *AudioTron" networked digital audio system.)
I noticed that Rhapsody was promoting a special price for "CD burning" - 49 cents a track instead of 99 cents - so I decided to burn one of the albums and see how this works. The first album was available for burning (not all are), selected all the songs and burned a CD. It took about ten minutes and was very straight-forward. And at $9.31 (19 tracks) it felt like a bargain compared to buying the CD -- I didn't have to pay shipping and I had it right away. (At the regular price it wouldn't have made much sense - unless I selected only the songs I liked best.)
I next needed to "rip" the CD to my hard drive. Since it was not an original CD, I wondered whether Gracenote CDDB (the online music data base) would be able to recognise it and give me the track information.
I started up AudioStation (the PC digital-music player we use) and put the CD in the drive. CDDB immediately identified the CD as "The Gov'nor" and downloaded the track list! In about six minutes, the tracks and all the "meta data" -- track names, times, etc. -- were on my hard drive and added to my library.
But the music didn't sound quite as good over the loudspeakers as on my PC. This is partly due to the poor quality of some of the original tracks, but I think also partly due to the process. Rhapsody downloads the tracks in a compressed format and converts them back to standard CD audio format to record the CD. AudioStation then re-compresses each track in WMA format to rip it to disk. This sequence must cause some loss in audio quality.
And I really didn't want the disk: I wanted the compressed tracks and the meta data on my hard drive. I would have saved a lot of time if Rhapsody could just save the tracks to disk in a standard compression format - either MP3 or WMA. That would have preserved more audio quality and I could always create a disk if and when I needed one.
The combination of Rhapsody, AudioStation and AudioTron -- plus a PC, broadband connection and home networking -- shows where music distribution will go. It's not perfect yet, but it's a great step forward and will get easier from here. Hopefully, the labels will see how much better this distribution method is compared to pressing disks, and will license large parts of their catalogs for online listening, legal download and disk burning.
The music industry has been slow to come around to what has to be the wave of the future. It certainly looks as though some retailers who have been so negatively affected by the drop in CD sales over the past year are not going to sit by and watch the business disappear. Our news section above mentions Anderson Merchandisers, the music distributor for Wal-Mart, buying Liquid Audio's digital music fulfillment business; and the formation of Echo, a consortium of the six largest music retailers. These bricks-and-mortar based establishments seem to understand the importance and complementary nature of making profit both from physical CDs and from music downloaded (with their participation) from the Web. Let's hope the rest of the industry follows their lead.
Meanwhile, I see that Rhapsody has lots of other albums available for burning. I'm looking for more to add to my collection before the price goes back up.
( www.listen.com ) ( www.gracenote.com ) ( www.voyetra.com ) ( www.turtlebeach.com )
Broadband Home Labs - Vonage DigitalVoice Broadband VoIP Service
We believe SIP will dominate digital telephony in many markets, and we've been evaluating several approaches to SIP telephony for home use. We've been using a low-cost SIP-based telephone service from Vonage for most of our phone calls during the past few months.
We've had different reactions to using the Vonage service:
In this article, we'll describe IP telephony and especially the role of SIP. We'll describe our experience with the Vonage service, and mention two other SIP tests we're conducting from our home. Several readers have already participated in our tests and we invite you all to call us.
IP telephony, H.323 and SIP
As many readers know, "IP telephony" or "VoIP" refers to the technologies and services for telephone services using IP protocols. These come in many forms and include creating voice connections between PCs, standard PSTN phones, and special "IP phones". Some services operate purely over the public Internet, some over managed IP networks, and some connect through "gateways" to the PSTN.
There are two main standards-based approaches to packet-switched telephony. The older is the H.323 protocol suite from the ITU and is most common in Europe. The newer is the SIP protocol suite from the IETF and is most common in North America. SIP is entirely based on IP, while H.323 has many roots in earlier PSTN protocols.
SIP is solely a signaling protocol, while H.323 includes much more. The key differences between H.323 and SIP are in the methods used for signaling: locating users, setting up calls between them, and then tearing the calls down. Once a call is in progress, voice (and possibly also video) are encoded with a common set of media compression protocols.
IP telephony is increasingly used in enterprises around the world; systems based on H.323 and SIP are available in many markets. In consumer markets, simple PC-to-PC IP telephony has been available for many years. In the Windows world, Microsoft NetMeeting has always been based on H.323. The newer Windows Messenger is based on SIP. These have mostly been used by enterprises and to a limited extent by more technical users.
With the rapid growth of broadband users, VoIP is starting to reach the mass market.
The Vonage DigitalVoice Service
Vonage is a privately-held company founded in early 2001. Its DigitalVoice service is currently available in many major US markets and is expanding each month. The basic service includes unlimited local and regional calling, with 500 long-distance minutes anywhere in the US and Canada, for $25.99/month; the premium service offers unlimited long distance in the US and Canada for $39.99. Vonage says they now have close to 15,000 customers and should have 100,000 at the end of this year.
The Vonage customer uses a standard analog telephone to place and receive phone calls. When we signed up to test the service, Vonage sent us a Cisco ATA 186 Analog Telephone Adaptor -- "a handset-to-Ethernet adaptor that turns traditional telephone devices into IP devices".
The ATA 186 is an example of what is called a "multimedia terminal adapter" (MTA). In the home, the MTA is connected to a broadband router and a standard phone is plugged into the MTA. No PC is used to make phone calls - the MTA does all the work. The ATA 186 supports both H.323 and SIP; Vonage uses SIP.
We set up and tested the service with a single phone plugged into the ATA 186. When that seemed to be working fine, we connected the 186 into the patch panel for our telphony wiring so that the Vonage service appears as "Line 4" on all our analog multi-line phones. When we pick up a phone and select line 4, we get a dial tone from the ATA 186, rather than from the phone company. We then dial a number (we have to use 11 digits for all calls) and soon hear a phone ring at the other end. Except for having to dial a "1" before local calls, it's exactly the same as making calls on our analog lines. When we're done, we hang up as usual.
Vonage assigned us a phone number 973-447-0929 for incoming calls. When someone calls that number, our phones ring on "line 4". Again, it works just like our analog lines.
Our Evaluation
We've used DigitalVoice for both personal and business calls, local and long distance, and for calls to "800" numbers. We've used it to place most of our calls, and have received a few.
Over the Web, Vonage provides users with a log of all the calls they've made and received. It shows that over the past 30 days we've placed 60 calls and received 6, for a total of 566 minutes.
The two of us reacted somewhat differently to using DigitalVoice:
(Dave) I found it quite acceptable - not quite as good as our analog lines, but much better than our cell phones. Most calls connected without a problem, although a few got a repeated "fast busy" indicating network congestion while the same call placed on an analog line went through without a problem. On three calls, the initial voice quality was very poor and I had to hang up and place the call again - it worked fine the second time. I was cut off twice without warning in the middle of long calls. I found the voice quality very acceptable; none of the people I called noticed any difference in voice quality. A few times in long conversations, I and the person at the other end started talking at the same time, and had to start the sentences again. I have continued to use it for most of my calls though I'd still want to have an analog line for lifeline calls to "911" which aren't supported by DigitalVoice.
(Sandy) I frequently found calls made thru Vonage annoying. There often seemed to be subtle clipping of words which led myself and the other party to talk at the same time. I really like the idea of paying less for phone calls but have made the conscious decision not to use the Vonage service for critical calls or those where nuances and emotional content are important. That said, however, calls in the "emotional/critical" category are the minority of my calls.
How it Works
Setting it up
To set up the service, you first plug a phone into the ATA 186 and connect it to your broadband router through a home network. It's easy to use a phone somewhere else if you have an Ethernet network in the house (as we do). You can also use a Wi-Fi or HomePlug network, or you can plug a portable phone into the ATA 186. If you don't have a router, Vonage will sell you one at a discount.
When you connect the power adapter to the ATA, a red button starts blinking. After it stops, you pick up the phone and dial 80#. You then hang up and again wait for the button to stop blinking - while you're waiting, the ATA is activating the Vonage account. When it stops blinking, you make a phone call - this proves that everything is working. Then you use a Web browser on a PC to configure your DigitalVoice account online.
This was all very easy and worked without a hitch.
Making calls
Each time you pick up the phone, the ATA 186 gives you dial tone and you dial a phone number. The ATA then uses SIP to communicate with a Vonage server over the Internet; the Vonage server tells the ATA how to connect to the most cost-effective media gateway connected to the PSTN, and is no longer involved. The ATA connects over the Internet to the media gateway, typically located in the same city as the called party, or close by.
Vonage does not have its own network. All connections between the ATA and the selected media gateway operate over the public Internet.
There are many ways calls could be impaired with this approach - by delays over the broadband connection (cable or DSL), and especially by delays over the Internet. But our experience was that few calls were badly impaired.
Try VoIP
This is one of three SIP telephony trials we are currently working on from our home. Please visit our web site at http://www.broadbandhomecentral.com/bbhl/communications.html for more information about these trials. That includes our phone numbers so you can try the SIP-based VoIP services either from analog or SIP phones.
( www.vonage.com ) ( www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/as/180/186/ )
Your Voice -- Readers' Comments
HomePlug in Europe
A reader wrote "Ive been reading your articles on HomePLUG with interest. However, Im based in the UK and Im led to believe that HomePLUG is unlikely to succeed in Europe as it doesnt meet some of the stringent regulations that we have over here... Do you have any insights which you can share on this issue?"
We replied that we had written about a UK company developing HomePlug products for Europe - see http://www.broadbandhomecentral.com/report/backissues/Report0211_9.html#link9b .
Since earlier press reports questioned whether HomePlug can comply with stringent European regulations currently in force on electromagnetic emissions, we'll look further into this.
Website Changes
We revised the Web format of our newsletter.


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- Relaxed, regular fit
- Ribbed neck, hem and sleeves
- Uppercut Deluxe logo at the chest
- Stay Bold Skull printed on the reverse
- Labelless for maximum comfort
- 100% Cotton
Stand out from the crowd with the Stay Bold Skull T shirt from Uppercut Deluxe! Exuding a smoking hot colour scheme with a cracking design on the reverse, this bone-afide beauty is just piping for attention! Stay bold and breathe easy with this combed-over clothing on your back!


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Own this business? Learn more about offering online ordering to your diners.
Angilo's Pizza
Boneless BBQ or buffalo (8)
Bone in BBQ or buffalo (8)
Breadsticks filled with pizza sauce & cheese
Served with french fries
Served with french fries
Platter with drink
Served with lettuce, tomato, onion mayonnaise and pickle
Platter with drink
Meatballs, meat sauce mushrooms
Meatballs, meat sauce, mushrooms
Meat balls, meat sauce, mushrooms
Served with 1/2 loaf garlic bread
4 chicken breast strips, french fries and cole slaw
2 chicken french fries and cole slaw
Includes 21 shrimp, french fries and cole slaw
Served with garlic bread
Menu for Angilo's Pizza provided by Allmenus.com
DISCLAIMER: Information shown may not reflect recent changes. Check with this restaurant for current pricing and menu information. A listing on Allmenus.com does not necessarily reflect our affiliation with or endorsement of the listed restaurant, or the listed restaurant's endorsement of Allmenus.com. Please tell us by clicking here if you know that any of the information shown is incorrect. For more information, please read our Terms and Conditions.


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Listed below photos of our triple room
Located within the World Heritage Site of Georgetown, Little India area and Chinatown, we are one of Penang most stylish budget hotel. We offer a contemporary, quiet and comfortable place to stay during your visit to Penang.
Copyright © 2013 Broadway Budget Hotel. All Rights Reserved.


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Nutritional Qualities of Apricots: Cooking, Baking, Vitamins and Minerals
What's your favourite, absolutely favourite fruit? If I had to pick one, then certainly the apricot would be in with a fighting chance (although it would inevitably lose out to the blueberry. Or the pomegranate. Or the greengage. Or…)
What is it about apricots? Perhaps their really haunting, beautiful scent, stronger and more alluring than most other fruits (at least when properly ripe, which they rarely are when bought from a supermarket – get them fully ripe, soft and delicious from your local market instead, I urge you!.)
Buy Apricot Skincare Products On Amazon
They are also beautiful little fruits, ranging from pale yellow through to deep velvety orange with the occasional blush of red and pink, and that delicate fuzz that only a very good complexion on a human can replicate!
Apricots are a stone tree fruit, belonging to Rosaceae, the same family as apples, plums, peaches etc., and more narrowly to the Prunus genus. A pleasure to cook and bake with, they are more commonly associated with sweet dishes such as apricot cobbler or apricot and almond traybake, but also go well with meats and cheeses in many dishes and make good stuffings. (And apricot white Stilton is heavenly!)
But what about the nutritional and health aspects of apricots? Just taking a look at their coloration, it's not surprising to learn that they are a great source of the phytochemical beta-carotene, a Vitamin A precursor that belongs to the carotenoid class of phytochemical compounds. That could be a good thing: a study by Stahl & Krutmann in 2006 found good evidence via their meta-study that assertions of the ultra-violet light damage protecting abilities of beta-carotene are potentially well-grounded (although possibly limited in scope).[3] I don't know about you, but protection from sun damage sounds like a pretty sweet deal in return for adding some yummy dried fruit to my morning muesli. Apricots for health and beautiful skin, girls! Get your sweet apricots here! Just kidding…
In addition to this healthy benefit, raw apricots also offer 3 grams of fiber - 12 per cent of the daily value - and just 1 gram of fat per 155 gram portion – sounds pretty good, huh? Especially if you're feeling a little, ahem, bunged up, or looking to reduce the fat content of your diet. Raw apricots' mineral and vitamin content is also notable for the potassium, Vitamin A precursor and Vitamin C content, according to the Nutritiondata website. Some nutrients may be even more densely packed when the fruit is dried.[4]
Apricots aren't the cheapest dried fruit you can locate, but that little bundle of orange nutrition seems like a pretty good deal to me. I don't know about you, but I just might go out and buy myself a packet today!
[1] Parlakpinarb, H., Ozfurka, F., Atesc, B, Gula, M., Cetina, A, Erdoganc, A, Otlua, A. 'Potent protective effect of apricot and β-carotene on methotrexate-induced intestinal oxidative damage in rats'. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46;9: September 2008, pp. 3015-3022
[2] Haas, E.M., Levin, B. 'Staying healthy with nutrition: the complete guide to diet and nutritional medicine.' Berkeley; Celestial Arts: 2006, p.303.
[3] Baumann, L. 'Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice'. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.: 2009, p.53.
[4] Nutritondata. 'Apricots, raw [Includes USDA commodity food A386]'. Nutritiondata website. 2009. Available at <http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/fruits-and-fruit-juices/1827/2> Accessed on 18/10/2010.
Useful Apricot Links
- Chocolate-Dipped Apricots Recipe - How to Make Chocolate-Dipped Apricot Candy
Chocolate-Dipped Apricots are light, elegant candies that are surprisingly easy to make.
- BBC - Food - Recipes : Caramel-roasted apricots with vanilla ice cream
Recipe uses 10 apricots, halved, 225g/8oz caster sugar, 1 orange, juice only, 25g/1oz butter, 25g/1oz Marcona almonds, roughly chopped, 25g/1oz...
- Oatmeal Cookies with Dried Apricots and White Chocolate - Martha Stewart Recipes
Get Martha Stewart's Oatmeal Cookies with Dried Apricots and White Chocolate recipe. Also browse hundreds more test kitchen-approved food recipes and cooking tips from Martha Stewart.
- Apricot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Every night after dinner while Mr. Yankee and I are picking up the table and cleaning up the kitchen, The Goose and The Rascal infallibly engage in some form of rough housing. They wrestle, they play a chasing game where The Goose runs all over the first floor of the house and The Rascal crawls after her at lightning speed; or The Goose may decide that she is a world famous dance instructor, just like Miss Lilly in the Angelina Ballerina books, and she will instruct The Rascal in ballet positions. Despite the variety of positions for which the Rascal receives instruction, they all turn out to be The Rascal holding a down dog yoga position for a few seconds.
This nightly ritual drives me nuts. It always involves a lot of loud squealing and screaming. It sometimes deteriorates into hair pulling and hitting. I nervously watch, envisioning The Goose slipping on the tile floor and smacking her head on a sharp corner of some piece of furniture, I worry that The Rascal has not yet been evaluated for atlantoaxial instability. Mr. Yankee and I have tried to establish "no indoor rough housing" rules; "only quite play after dinner" rules. But their need for this kind of interaction always wins and they won't stop.
Last Friday night was a "Miss Goose The Ballet Instructor" night. The Rascal did her 4000th down dog, but, this time, instead of collapsing in a heap and rolling herself into a sitting position, The Rascal stood up and took her first wobbly steps! There was much celebration and I gained a new appreciation for this loud, nerve wracking ritual.
Here they are in action. And please note that I DO NOT make them wear matching outfits. The Goose likes to do this herself. She waits to see what I dress The Rascal in then she chooses her outfit accordingly.
Sunday, May 13, 2007
3 comments:
- Elbog said...
So absolutely too cute. Their lack of discipline is overcome by their beauty. But not in a Paris Hilton sort of way.
- May 13, 2007 at 8:47 AM
- Amy said...
Hi! Thanks for posting on my blog. Mind if I link? I agree with Rascal, I was so sick of all of Joe's team coming to our home that I insisted he start the public preschool at 2 1/2 instead of 3 years. Now they all congregate at the school and we have reclaimed our home!
Your kids are so cute!
- May 18, 2007 at 8:05 AM
- Yankee said...
Sure you can link Amy. Our transition meeting is very soon. I can't believe The Rascal will be starting her EEE program this fall. Where does the time go?
- May 18, 2007 at 9:58 AM
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Some two decades earlier, I bear in mind, it was a standard sight to see youngsters playing in the playgrounds or parks. However now many of the kids all over the world are hooked to their electronic gadgets-whether it is their laptop or smartphone.
Despite the potential, new opportunities to work together and produce content could also be exaggerated. Interactive developments have been given lukewarm response by the general public and journalists (Lowery and Anderson, 2005). Information editors have continued to train management over much of what's contributed. As well as, the difficulty of unequal entry to the internet has remained. Internet customers are usually wealthier, educated and younger, and that is additionally true in relation to the adoption of new communication technologies equivalent to cell phones (Chadwick, 2006; ComScore, 2007).
The Ipad can be used in digital graphics to edit images using apps equivalent to instagram. Theese apps additionally can help you add your images which allows individuals to view the images and admire them. An app called Adobe photoshop contact permits you to sketch drawings, using basic options of Adobe Photoshop equivalent to adding layers, and many others. The sensible thing about this app is which you could really save the image as aPSD file permitting you to open the picture and manipulate/ edit photographs, and so forth on Adobe Photoshop.
How do children be taught to make use of know-how? Take a look at your personal kids or the kids in your class. They use it so much. Begin with asking your children what they're doing on their pc and even ask if they are going to let you attempt. They'll respect the attention from you as effectively! Begin simple and take small steps if you prefer it that approach. Play games with your baby, I believe you will enjoy it.
It sounds more like escapist recreation-enjoying: Nintendo players of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your identities! In any occasion, it's already a notorious truth that it's the Right, not the Left, that has made the a lot of the political alternatives of our on-line world, in lots of circumstances the ugliest components of the Right, offering racism as political pornography on the Internet.


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The Place of Islamic Law in Tanzania Mainland
Islam is one of the Universal religions of the world. As a religion, Islam is governed by an assortment of divine laws known as shariah of which its sources are mainly attributed to the divine revelations in the Holy Qur'an and traditions of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). This package is what forms the basis of the spiritual, economic, political and social guidance of Muslims. Thus, all the laws of Islam have to be annexed to and borne of the Holy texts. Contrary to this, such laws would be regarded as un-Islamic. On the other hand, as regards the modern states, the mother of all laws is the constitution. It therefore follows that any law of the land must be in conformity with the Constitution; otherwise, such a law would be declared unconstitutional or ultra vires the constitution and would be of no legal effect. In other words, no state has a right to enact any laws or rather provide for the application of the same, unless such laws have been expressly or impliedly guaranteed by the constitution. Tanzania is governed by the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977.This Constitution provides a right to Freedom of religion which includes inter alia, choice in matters of religion and change of religion. From this provision, it may be inferred that, Islam, as a religion, is recognized in Tanzania. The United Republic of Tanzania is a product of a union between Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The union consists of two governments: the union government and the government of Zanzibar. As a result of this, Islamic law in Tanzania is applied in two different modes. In the isles of Unguja and Pemba i.e. Zanzibar, Islamic law is governed by a separate system of courts known as Kadhi's courts. However, these courts are limited to Islamic matters related to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance in proceedings in which all parties profess the Muslim religion. On the other hand, in Tanzania mainland, there are no separate courts for the application of Islamic law. The single hierarchy of courts hears and determines disputes regarding both Muslim and non-Muslim or rather secular matters of interest. This paper will chiefly focus on the application of Islamic law in Tanzania mainland, although reference will be made to Islamic law in Zanzibar where appropriate. Take my hand and let me lead you through this. The paper will discuss the application of Islamic law during colonization and post -colonial period including the present state.
The German period:
History has proven that the people along the East African coast of the Indian Ocean came into contact with Islam long before the advent of European colonization. This was as a result of Arab settlement at the East Coast of Africa. Later on, the Germans colonized Tanganyika (present day Tanzania mainland) and acquired a ten miles coastal strip from the sultan of Zanzibar.Ofcourse this was met with resistance but the Germans managed to subdue it. The colonizers then allied with some Arab and Swahili notables and had them appointed to various administrative positions. In towns, the highest subordinate position was headed by a liwali. Back in the countryside, coloured officials known as akidas who were assisted by small chiefs known as jumbes headed administrative units. Although these titles were the same as used during the sultan's period, the colonial akidas and liwalis performed rather different functions (Makaramba 2000). However, these subordinate heads, in addition to other functions, performed judicial functions, which mainly involved the application of customary law and Islamic law.
The British period:
Following German's defeat in the First World War, Britain took over Tanganyika in early 1919.The British established a system of courts based on the class of the parties, divided...
Bibliography: ADMINISTRATION (SMALL ESTATES)(AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE.
MAKARAMBA ROBERT, The Secular State and the State of Islamic Law in Tanzania.
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Monday at a rally in Las Vegas, after being interrupted Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump said of a protester who was "smiling, laughing" that he would "like to punch him in the face."
Trump said, "I love the old days, you know. You know what I hate? There's a guy, totally disruptive, throwing punches, we're not allowed to punch back anymore."
He continued, "I love the old days. You know what they used to do to guys like that when they were in a place like this? They'd be carried out in a stretcher, folks."
He added, "Honestly I hate to see that. Here is a guy, throwing punches, nasty as hell, screaming at everything else when we are talking, and we are not allowed — the guards are very gentle with him. He's walking out, big high fives, smiling, laughing. I'd like to punch him in the face."
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