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Author Archives: Ben Greenberg
Should We Care About People Not Like Us?
The context was a class on the gun violence epidemic in Chicago. I had finished the presentation by mentioning some of the grim statistics of people injured and killed by gun violence throughout the city. After the class an individual approached me and said, "Rabbi, why should I care if people who aren't Jewish are dying because other non-Jews are shooting them?" I was, of course, flabbergasted by his question. It occurred to me though that while this person had the audacity to ask the question, many more people probably quietly think along similar lines, even if not exactly in the same formulation. The question remains for many: Why should I care about people who are not part of my community? Is there a Jewish mandate to care about others?
This is an important question primarily because those of us who do believe there is a value to caring for people who are not like us need to spend time unpacking that priority. It is always worthwhile to explore our own value systems and be able to more clearly and cogently articulate why they are so. People can turn to many different sources for inspiration and guidance, as a rabbi I turn to Jewish texts and to Jewish tradition.
Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, the first Chief Rabbi of the British Mandate over the Land of Israel and the great 20th century Jewish philosopher and mystic, in his work Orot HaKodesh links the commandment to "love God" with love of the world. A person who truly loves God cannot help but love the world and God's creations. God as Creator saw fit to create each and every human being and was therefore deserving of His love, thus how could we not love all humanity?
Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, the eminent leader of Modern Orthodoxy, articulated a philosophy in his essay, Confrontation, of existing in two "confrontations:" the universal human struggle to overcome wickedness and the things that bring humanity down and an equally powerful connection to our own unique covenantal relationship with the Divine. Neither confrontation is abrogated by the other. Both are vital.
The early rabbinic text, the Tosefta, states that "we [Jews] eulogize and bury the dead of non-Jews because of the ways of peace, and we console the mourners of non-Jews because of the ways of peace. (Gittin 3:14)" Maimonides in his legal code, the Mishneh Torah, extended it further and stated it was a commandment to visit non-Jewish sick and feed the non-Jewish poor because "God is good to all and His compassion is on all His creatures" and "The Torah's ways are ways of pleasantness and all its paths are peace. (Laws of Kings 10:12)"
This is by far not an exhaustive examination of the subject. It also does not represent the entire spectrum of Jewish thought. There is a strand of thought that does diminish our obligation to care about those not like us. However, the objective here is not to present a complete exercise in the study of the subject from all angles but rather to make the case that believing there is an inherent value to caring about people who are not Jewish and devoting oneself to the betterment of all people is an integral part of Jewish tradition.
As our urban centers are plagued with gun violence (particularly in Chicago) and as people face numerous challenges related to poverty, access to quality education and discrimination we ought to be a part of the work towards a solution. We must be involved not just because it is the good thing to do but because it is very much the Jewish thing to do.
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I Am Orthodox: Why Labels Matter
A few weeks ago Elad Nehorai of Pop Chassid posted a provocative piece entitled, "Jews, It's Time To Abolish The Word 'Orthodox'". This article made its way through my Facebook newsfeed at the time of its posting with people agreeing with his idea and those disagreeing. This conversation: The utility of labels and the cost/benefit analysis of the term "Orthodox" is one that I have been party to on numerous occasions. The discussion is usually colored by the intra-denominational tensions within Orthodoxy and where the people who are conversing fall in those larger debates. This question is often used as a tool to either bolster or tear down another person's identity claims in order to delegitimize or add legitimacy to their approach and philosophy.
Gratefully, Elad does not engage in that conversation but rather opens us up to thinking about whether it is time to abolish labels that are unnecessarily divisive. He wonders whether embracing a label implies spiritual and religious stagnation (i.e. "I've made it!"). These are important questions. Yet, I do not believe the problem is the label. As people we live in a world ordered by labels and categories. The entire pursuit of taxonomy in the scientific fields allows us to delve further into the biological world. Taxonomy, the pursuit of classifying in order to understand, is not an inherently negative notion. It is a necessary fact of life and the way we as human beings think.
Similarly, an undeniable part of the transition from pure science to humanities is one will have a harder time of achieving absolutely consistent definitions. There will be at times inconsistencies. Sociologically, different groupings of people, even within a similar religious culture, will use the same title and mean slightly different things. Thus, when one sees different types of Orthodox Jews claiming the title Orthodox and yet they have differences in belief or practice that does not ipso facto mean the label is worthless. There are a myriad of ways of broadly being Jewish and yet we do not say the term "Jewish" or "Jew" is meaningless because there are differences amongst Jews.
My main contention with this article though is the non-personal nature of it. What do I mean by that? In claiming that the title ought to be abandoned Elad (and others who say the same thing in conversations) disregard the meaning the title holds for people who claim it as an identity construct. It may not be helpful, meaningful or useful for you but that is not the same thing as saying it is therefore not helpful, meaningful or useful for anyone else. In fact, to do so is to be dismissive of other people's identity and the way they form themselves in the world.
I am Orthodox. The Orthodox title is useful for me in conceiving of how I go about in the world. It is helpful for me in framing my particular sub-community within the Jewish religious world. It is meaningful for me to describe not the journey that I have completed (contrary to Elad's claim) but rather the journey I am still on. Furthermore, as a person with some ancestral connections to the German Jewish experience, I find inspiration, motivation and wisdom from the intellectual vibrancy, spiritual probing and engagement with the world offered by figures such as Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch zt"l and Rabbi Dovid Tsvi Hoffmann zt"l among others.
The term historically arose as a pejorative for the traditional in a post-ghettoized Europe but that does not mean there are many, including myself, who have come to embrace it. The label may be home to intense intra-fighting but that has always been the case since the dawn of the label (e.g. the German Neo-Orthodoxy in contrast to the Hungarian Ultra-Orthodoxy debates of the 19th century). I respect the decision of those who choose to no longer identify with the label or who no longer find it helpful or meaningful but I ask that those same people respect my decision to maintain it.
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How To Read The Hebrew Bible
A couple weeks ago I had the opportunity to staff a table at the Chicago Jewish Festival. It was a wonderful opportunity to interact with a wide spectrum of people from the Chicagoland Jewish community. During the course of the day, a member of a missionary Christian organization came to my table to proselytize. Putting aside for this blog post the assumptions that motivate a person behind the act of proselytizing, I found fascinating his use of quotes from Tanakh to justify his theological position. It was not the first time I've encountered his approach but for whatever reason it struck me that day.
If there was one way to describe his approach I would call it flat. In the traditional Jewish approach to reading the Bible, the text becomes alive with generations and generations of commentary and layers of understanding. If one would map out a Jewish approach to reading Tanakh as a topographical map, it would contain mountains and hills, valleys and plains. In the contrary approach, as exemplified by that missionary, the text is read without context, without commentary and without depth. The words are understood simply through the bias and lens of the contemporary reader. In interacting with this missionary, and with others like him, it is as if we are operating with two different sets of language and do not share a common vocabulary and reference points to have a meaningful conversation.
However, are there times when it is called for to read the Tanakh absent commentary and rabbinic depth? Even as Jews who inhabit a Biblical world of mountains and hills, are there moments when we can gain from seeing the text as flat?
An example of the power of reading the text flattened: The Hebrew Bible mentions multiple times the need to uphold the rights of the immigrant in your midst (Exodus 22:20, Deuteronomy 24:17, Ezekiel 47:21-23 as just a few examples). It is one of the most dominant themes throughout the entire text. Yet, we know that the rabbis understood this oft-repeated injunction to refer to the legally defined, ger toshav—resident alien, a much more limited category with many specifications and requirements than the broad category of immigrant. Does the flat reading of those many verses in the Tanakh still contain an ethic of how we treat the vulnerable in our society?
I believe they do. There is a power to the text even separated from the traditional Jewish exegetical approach to understanding it. When we conceive of the study of the Talmud we classically divide Talmudic literature into two broad categories: halakha (law) and aggada (homiletics or "everything else"). The aggada is no less valuable than the halakha even if one can not derive specific practical steps from it. The aggada frames the way we view the world and how we conduct our moral selves. Similarly, there are times when reading Tanakh flatly, without the richness of commentary, can inform our moral and ethical selves and help us frame the society we live in. Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) wrote in his work, The Nineteen Letters:
"… we must first acquaint ourselves with Judaism through the source which it, itself, offers, the only documentation and evidence about itself that it has salvaged from the wreck of all its other fortunes: the Torah. And through the Torah we must attain, also, an understanding of Israel's destiny. For is not Judaism an historical phenomenon, and is not the Torah the only account of its origin, of its first appearance on the stage of history and of its existence for a considerable length of time thereafter? … Before we open it, however, let us consider how to read it. As a subject for philological or antiquarian research? … As Jews we will read this book, as a book tendered to us by God in order that we learn from it about ourselves, what we are and what we should be during our earthly existence. We will read it as Torah— literally, 'instruction' —directing and guiding us within God's world and among humanity, making our inner self come alive."
This I believe is the value of approaching the Hebrew Bible and reading it on its own terms. There are limits to that endeavor, as that missionary at the Chicago Jewish Festival demonstrated, but just because there are limits does not mean it is not a worthwhile practice.
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Don't Pray, Communicate! A Book Review of Holistic Prayer
To understand the newest book by Rabbi Avi Weiss one needs to tell a story that appears in the book, Holistic Prayer:
A rabbi was once informed that a crazed woman was in the beit midrash (the study hall, which is sometimes used as a small prayer room). "She is standing in front of the Ark, the Ark is open, and she is babbling and gesturing wildly," he was told. "She seems to be mentally imbalanced. Perhaps you can go in and help her. The rabbi went in. As he sat quietly in the back, he could see that the woman was deeply immersed in tefilla. The rabbi overheard some of her words as she swayed and cried out: "Dear God, I know I was here just last week, but I am back because I need your help. My daughter is still not well. Please, please, in my hour of need, do not forsake me, do not leave me!" Understanding the privacy of her tefilla, the rabbi left the woman alone. Upon his return, he was asked, "So what did you do with the babbling crazy lady?" The rabbi responded, "This morning I got up, put on my prayer shawl, donned my tefillin and davened. But this woman wasn't davening, she was talking to God. That's a whole different world." (Holistic Prayer, pg. 169)
The goal of Rabbi Weiss' book is to take the reader on a journey. It is a journey that when finished will lead the reader to transition from a davening (praying) out of repetition to a conversation with God. The book is most appreciated by those who have a familiarity with the mechanics of daily Jewish prayer and have a comfort with the key terminology. It is to this audience that Rabbi Weiss challenges the reader to rethink what they think they know about prayer and to open up our hearts and minds to a reinvigorated and renewed understanding. For example, in discussing a key feature of traditional Jewish prayer, the set times allocated for it, Rabbi Weiss explains:
"The idea that love is predicated on action is crucial to understanding tefilla and, more broadly, all of Jewish ritual. If tefilla is an expression of love, why should we be mandated to pray? Why not pray only when we feel like praying? In truth, however, we may not feel like praying for long periods of time. But if we're obliged to pray, we make a decision to pray. By placing ourselves in the prayerful mode, feelings of prayer may surface… That is the basic idea of ritual. Ritual is an expression of our love for God. Its goal is by and large to do an action from which feelings may come. (pg. 77)"
In this journey of Holistic Prayer Rabbi Weiss weaves together a myriad of sources and references. His book is filled with ideas sourced from the Talmud, Halakha (Jewish law), Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and other traditional places. Yet, it also brings in ideas from thinkers not accustumed to finding themselves referenced in a work of the philosophy of prayer by an Orthodox rabbi. Examples of these out of the box thinkers include: John Powell, the Jesuit priest and author of The Secret of Staying in Love; the humanist philosopher Erich Fromm and the American playwright, Thornton Wilder. In the bringing together the wisdom from classical Jewish tradition and the larger world, Rabbi Weiss exemplifies the very best of the Modern Orthodox approach, in the model set forth by his teacher, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik zt"l.
I had the unique privilege of being a student in the rabbinical school he founded, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, while he was conducting his research that would become this book. In our year-long class on prayer Rabbi Weiss would convey his ideas and philosophy with us that would later fill the pages of Holistic Prayer. In reading this book I can not help but bring that experience to bear in my understanding this work. I not only read the words but I can hear them and visualize his excitement, passion and genuineness in conveying them.
In the preface Rabbi Weiss shares that his wrote this book because "for a long time, I have lovingly struggled with prayer." When I read those words I had a hard time relating to them because as a student of his, someone who has been blessed to know him for almost 10 years, I have never experienced the man who has "lovingly struggled with prayer," rather, I know a man who has a face that lights up when he is in the midst of prayer and who sways with an extraordinary amount of devotion and commitment. I think that is because this book is as personal for him as it is intellectually rigorous and spiritually rich. It records his own journey through his adult life with prayer. As someone who has at times also struggled with prayer I can very much share in that experience and it only makes this work more important for me and others who experience ups and downs in their own personal prayer life.
I believe this book is a must read for anyone who has committed to taking part in the life of traditional Jewish prayer, or who has ever experienced it, with all of its rigors and demands. It will inject your prayer life with a breath of fresh air and reframe the whole endeavor to provide new possibilities for enrichment and connection to God.
In closing the book Rabbi Weiss offers the following prayer:
"May the tefilla of Rabbi Judah HaLevi — of God and the human being searching for each other — be forever ingrained in our hearts.
I have sought your nearness, With all my heart I have called You, And going out to meet You, I found You coming toward me. (pg. 260)"
May we take up the call of Rabbi Weiss and catalyze our prayer to be a moment of going out to meet the Divine and in so doing discover God coming out to meet us.
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Passover Doesn't End With the Exodus
This Monday night Jews around the world will sit down at their tables and embark on recreating the narrative of the Exodus through the rituals of the seder. We will immerse ourselves in the story from some 3,000 years ago that forged the Jewish people. We will eat matzah and bitter herbs to taste as our ancestors tasted. We will drink four cups of wine to symbolize the four stages of redemption that transpired during the Egyptian experience. However, this night does not belong to the Exodus alone.
If we do not allow the seder to inspire and move us to greater action we will have missed a key component on what the whole evening is all about. The Exodus becomes a central relational context for our connection to God: "I am the Lord, your God, who took you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage (Exodus 20:2)." It is used four separate times to introduce major components of Biblical legislation (Exodus 23:20, 23:9, Leviticus 19:34 and Deuteronomy 10:19). It is the framing by which future generations come to know their history and their people: "You shall say to your child, 'We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt…' (Deuteronomy 6:21)." Simply, the Exodus is the hinge by which the entire covenantal experience rests.
The Exodus is not just a story to be told. It is an imperative to be acted upon.
What is that imperative? At it's most basic level the Exodus compels us to liberate, to free and to make better the lives of those most impacted by persecution and oppression. To "know the spirit of the stranger" as the Bible reminds us multiple times is to empathize directly with the marginalized, the outliers and the ones on the margins. In that spirit the organization I work for, The Jewish Council on Urban Affairs, has recently published an insert for your Haggadah that makes relevant the work of Passover into a concrete issue people living in Illinois face today. This is precisely the type of work Passover and the Exodus story calls us to. I encourage you to download the insert and even if the issue is not applicable for you, make it an impetus for the type of investigative work necessary that transforms the Exodus from simply a story into an imperative.
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The Justice of Passover
In only a few short weeks we will encounter our annual adventure down memory lane as we gather around and relive the Passover experience through the seder. It is through the evocative power of ritual, the art of story telling and the act of asking questions that we will immerse ourselves in the formative narrative of the creation of the Jewish people: the slavery in Egypt and eventual liberation.
Why is this story so important that every Jew is obligated to tell it and retell it again? Indeed, we are asked to not just share the story on the nights of Passover but every day as it forms a critical part of the recitation of the central prayer, the Shema. On one level, we are commanded to tell the story so as it keep it alive throughout the generations. Our children will not forget where they came from and the roots of their people's existence because we; their parents, family members, friends and mentors, refuse to let the story enter the dustbin of history.
Yet, perhaps there is also even more to why we immerse ourselves so extensively into this story of servitude, oppression and freedom. The Hebrew word for Egypt is Mitzrayim, which means "from the straits." The experience of our ancient ancestors was not only the breakdown of their physical selves, the utter control of their bodies by their oppressors, but it was also the complete degradation and humiliation of their hearts and minds. They were so tightly constricted from the oppression they had no room to live as full human beings.
The story of Passover is not only retold on the seder nights and not even just retold every day through the Shema, it becomes a primary organizing principle behind much of the later commandments in the Torah. "You know the spirit of the stranger" becomes the rationale behind many commandments. The call to establish a sovereign Jewish homeland based on the principles of fairness, compassion and justice are rooted in the experience of Egypt.
We immerse ourselves so deeply into the Passover story not just to make sure our children don't forget it, but so our children don't forget themselves. The kind of people God desires us to be— humble, caring, justice-driven—is forged in the servitude and oppression of Egypt. We need to know intimately the movement from Mitzrayim, "from the straits," to redemption, so we can model that in our daily lives and impart that way of life to future generations.
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Rabbis Don't Belong on Scorecards
"Nevertheless, we followed the advice from every magazine editor who told us that rankings matter: if you want people to pay attention, you need a scorecard. The Rabbis needed standings." In that one quote can be summed up so much of what was misguided about the annual rabbi rankings list Newsweek published for the past 7 years. Michael Lynton, Gary Ginsberg and Abigail Pogrebin in an article in The Forward explained why they were discontinuing the annual Passover tradition and that one quote is the one that struck me the most.
Every year I felt uncomfortable with the list of "top rabbis in America" and it was always difficult to pinpoint exactly the source of that discomfort. However, reading that the founders of the list initially wanted to highlight the "broad diversity" of the American rabbinate but the only way to do so in the magazine world was to make it a scorecard illustrates for me so much of what is at fault in the way we view our clergy. Do we rank them on how entertaining their sermon was? Do we score them on their clothing style? How many times they appear in a Google search?
When we transform our rabbis into only entertainers and quasi-celebrities we come to forget much of the heart of the rabbinate: the one to one interactions; the Torah shared and the relationships developed and sustained. It is about diligently and patiently bringing about positive change, goodness and Torah into the small part of the world that the rabbi lives and works in. This rarely would receive the accolades of a national ranking but this is the essential work.
Rabbis don't belong on scorecards, whether from Newsweek or from anyone else. When we close the score books and open our hearts that is when the real work of our clergy can earnestly begin.
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Airing The Dirty Laundry and Jewish Communal News
As someone who has written articles about issues impacting the Jewish community for publications like The Huffington Post, The Denver Post and The Boston Globe I have heard the following complaint several times: "Why do you need to take our internal problems and advertise them to the non-Jewish media? Why do you need to air our dirty laundry to the world?" I have often thought that this particular complaint was a curious one. It has recently once again come up as one of my dear teachers and mentors wrote an opinion piece for The New York Times on what many consider to be an internal Jewish communal issue.
There are several layers that need to be unpacked within that particular sentiment. First of all, the notion that Jews have only recently taken their issues to the non-Jewish or secular media is not true. The polemics around the birth of Zionism, the rise of Jewish denominations in Germany and a plethora of other issues have been debated in the presses of the general media and in the halls of world parliaments. Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888), the Orthodox rabbinic leader of the community of Frankfurt fought for Orthodox communal independence from the Reformers in the Prussian Parliament, as just one example of many.
Secondly, a significant desired impact of debate around important topics is to influence the hearts and minds of people. In order to do so one needs to reach those people. Jews have for quite a long time not confined themselves to only reading Jewish publications. More Jews read The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times than The New York Jewish Week and The Jewish Advocate (even though they are both excellent publications). If you want to influence public opinion amongst fellow Jews one needs to reach them where they are and for an increasing number of Jews they are not to be found perusing the pages of their local Jewish weekly.
In an era of instant communications and where "internal" Jewish publications like Hamodia or even websites published in "private" Jewish languages like Yiddish can be translated in a moment with Google Translate there is no such thing as private only for the community news and public general media. We fool ourselves when we think that our communal conversations on Jewish blogs, Internet forums and community websites are for our eyes only.
Lastly, and perhaps this strikes at the heart of the issue, we ought not be afraid of arousing either state sponsored or mass popular anti-Semitism in our society. Numerous high profile Jews have been arrested and charged with large money laundering schemes and political corruption that has been splashed across the front pages of every major newspaper in the country and not one anti-Jewish riot, thank God, was initiated because of it. To the contrary, when we seek to cover up our issues and hide them that is when appearances of conspiracies begin to surface. Openness and transparency are important values in our culture and we should not run away from those values.
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Social Justice and Shared Society
It was some 30 years ago that President Reagan signed into law and established a new federal holiday: The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day to be observed on his birthday. It took a couple years after the passage of the law for it to be first observed and it was only commemorated in all 50 states for the first time in 2000. Every year during this time I try and reflect on the ever evolving nature of social justice and our country. One of the highlights of my previous work at Harvard was the annual event put together by the Harvard Chaplains on this weekend exploring a different theme of Dr. King's with modern day applications through lecture, poetry and music.
This year I began to re-read Dr. King's address to the congregation at Temple Israel in Los Angeles in 1965. Three years before he was assassinated he spoke powerfully that evening in California filling the Sanctuary with his prophetic and powerful voice for justice. One paragraph struck me deeply this year:
"We are all caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. And what affects one directly affects all indirectly. For some strange reason, I can never be what I ought to be until you are what you ought to be. And you can never be what you ought to be until I am what I ought to be. John Donne caught it years ago and placed it in graphic terms, "No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main." And he goes on toward the end to say, 'Any man's death diminishes me because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never sin to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee.'"
It seems to me that we are witnessing a breakdown in the shared space of society in our current time. The shared public square where divergent views come and meet; where people of differing social backgrounds, educations and religious, ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds gather seems to be disappearing. We live in our own individual silos. It is possible that the only interaction an upper middle-class individual and a poorer individual might have is within the context of waiter/busboy/barista/bus driver and customer.
When we fail to know one another in society we experience a lack of empathy and care. If I can put all the people who are different than me in boxes made by my own lack of personal experience, stereotypes and judgments than I don't have to worry about their welfare or well being. In the same speech Dr. King also declared the truth that: "A great nation is a compassionate nation." Compassion grows from an active and dynamic shared society and the empathy, care and concern that it generates.
How do we rebuild a shared society? How do we exit our individual silos and begin to build together? It takes small steps and small victories. It takes getting to know the people who serve you and the people you serve. It takes inhabiting the public spaces of a city together. It takes putting down the smartphone or tablet and not being afraid or feeling it awkward to encounter the person sitting next to you on the bus or subway.
In these ways and in so many other myriad of ways we will cause to flourish yet again the diverse shared society that is one of the keys that made this country so great. During this weekend let us commit ourselves to that important task.
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A Values-Based Community: Open Hillel and Community Discourse
In a recent post my fellow Rabbis Without Borders colleague, Alana Suskin, argues on behalf of those advocating an "Open Hillel" policy that would allow all speakers and events to be sponsored by Hillel, including anti-Israel and anti-Zionist perspectives. Alana's central point can be summed up by the following quote from her article:
"Swarthmore has made the right choice, not because every speaker they host will be telling the whole truth (although even in a narrative that we wholly reject, we may be able to learn something), but because by opening the debate, they show that they trust us to do the right thing, to understand complex situations, to do our homework, and to act for the right and the good."
The thesis she offers is that we should not be afraid to subject ourselves and our student communities to all sides of the discussion on Israel and to hear all the perspectives, even those we might vehemently disagree with. To do so opens us up to the nuance and complexity of the situation and makes us better informed and thus able to make better choices.
Her point is well taken and has a lot of truth to it. However, there is another dimension to this conversation that is worth mentioning.
First of all, as the former Orthodox rabbi at Harvard Hillel, the campus where the Open Hillel movement began, I want to acknowledge that this movement is not coming from a negative or bad place. The students who began it I had the privilege to know and share Shabbat meals with both in the Hillel dining hall and in our own home are tremendously bright, intelligent, sensitive and caring people. They are committed Jews and the broader Jewish community is fortunate to count them as part of the emerging leadership of our community.
Yet, the question about what sort of conversations should or should not be allowed at Hillel is not just about fostering multi-layered and complex dialogue. It is not just about reflecting the true range of discourse in the wider public square within the walls of Hillel. The policies an organization crafts should and must reflect the values it wishes to project. It is not about the intellectual richness and political diversity these open conversations bring because those same conversations could happen in any other space on any campus. It is about the values Hillel wishes to project both into the campus and within its own environment.
Hillel defines its relationship to Israel in the following way: "Israel is at the heart of Hillel's work. Our goal is to inspire every Jewish college student to develop a meaningful and enduring relationship to Israel and to Israelis. Whether they want to engage in deep dialogue or are politically active in mobilizing others to support Israel, we enable students to share a rich connection to Israel and to each other as a people. Engaged and educated students can become committed Jewish adults who are passionate supporters of Israel."
The mission of Hillel in regards to Israel is to cultivate future "committed Jewish adults who are passionate supporters of Israel." The policies Hillel drafts after that ought to reflect that mission.
So the question is not: Does inviting anti-Israel speakers, advocates of BDS (boycott, divestment and sanctions) or others similarly inclined enrich student's intellectual journey but rather by inviting those speakers and events are we living up to the mission of the organization?
Hillel is about catalyzing a values-based community girded by its mission and vision. In order to do so sometimes you need to draw boundaries.
The objective of Open Hillel as stated on their website is to change the "standards for partnership" guidelines created by Hillel that excludes anti-Israel speakers. That is an attempt to change a policy but neglects the mission that drives that policy. Open Hillel rather needs to engage a conversation about whether Hillel's mission in regards to Israel is reflective of the organization nowadays and then the policy conversation happens from there.
I, for one, believe strongly that Hillel's policy is the right one and its commitment to creating "passionate supporters of Israel" within a context of "deep dialogue" among the wide and diverse tent that exists today of pro-Israel organizations is deeply needed and valuable. I welcome the community conversation spurred by Open Hillel but believe the current mission and policies that reflect that mission is the path Hillel ought to maintain as it continues to build a values-based community.
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text: Linda C. Brewer age 65 of Mt. Juliet, TN and Charleston, MO, died Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013 at the age of 65 yrs. She was preceded in death by her parents, J.L. and Lois Telford and by her aunt, Emma Jennings Armstrong. Linda is survived by her husband the Reverend Michael W. Brewer of Charleston, MO; stepchildren, Justin (Keelie) Brewer of Edgefield, SC, Jonathan David Brewer of Hilo, HI and Philip Michael Brewer of Murphysboro, IL; grandchildren, James and Will Brewer; sisters-in-law, Cheryl (James) Hamilton of Martinez, GA and Joan Brewer of Garden City, SC; close family friends and former co-workers of LifeWay Christian Resources (Baptist Sunday School Board), Nashville, TN and beloved members of First Baptist Church, Charleston, MO. Linda was a graduate of Mt. Juliet High School and Middle Tennessee State University, College of Education. She was a member of New Hope Baptist Church, First Baptist Church Nashville and First Baptist Church, Charleston, MO where she served as Sunday School Teacher, Associate VBS Director and Women's Ministry Bible Study mentor. Linda retired after 32 and a half years of faithful ministry with LifeWay Christian Resources (Baptist Sunday School Board) in the Sunday School Department, Conference Center Promotion Section, the Church Resources Division as a Curriculum Specialist and Network Partnership Consultant. During her tenure she was awarded the highest employee recognition by receiving the Career of Excellance Award. In her retirement years she continued to serve the Kingdom of God, working with State Baptist Conventions, Associations, Churches and individuals. Linda's ministry and influence will continue on this earth while she embraces her rewards in Heaven. A memorial service will be held on Sunday, Feb. 10, 2013 at 3 p.m. at the First Baptist Church in Charleston, MO. Visitation will be from 2 p.m. till service time. A Memorial service will also be held on Monday, Feb. 11, 2013 at 2 p.m. at the First Baptist Church in Nashville, TN. Visitation will be from 1 p.m. till service time. Officiating will be Betsy Buhler, Sondi Scroggins, Rev. John Gardner and Rev. Michael W. Brewer. In lieu of flowers contributions may be made to First Baptist Church Charleston's Global Missions and Ministry Team, P.O> Box 442, Charleston, MO 63834.

subset: commoncrawl


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How does Sql Server handle fill factor on tables with clustered indexes on composite primary keys?
I would assume a key node value would be generated based on the fields that make up the clustered index. Would this mean that each new row inserted would effectively get inserted to at the end of the index?


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Locarno Film Festival to Honor Werner Herzog
CANNES - The Locarno Film Festival will this summer honor German director, writer, producer and actor Werner Herzog.
He will be awarded the Pardo d'onore Swisscom at the 66th edition of the Swiss festival, which takes place Aug. 7-17.
It will screen 10 of his films, and feature a conversation with Herzog led by Grazia Paganelli, co-author of a study of the filmmaker.
The Pardo d'onore is a tribute to major contemporary filmmakers. Previous recipients have included Bernardo Bertolucci, Ken Loach, Paul Verhoeven, Jean-Luc Godard and, last year, Leos Carax.
"Werner Herzog, one of the most important figures in German and international cinema, achieved recognition with his very first feature-length film Signs of Life," Locarno organizers said in a statement.
The director, known for his love-hate relationship with Klaus Kinski, also directed such films as Fitzcarraldo and Nosferatu the Vampyre (Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht, 1979).
Locarno artistic director Carlo Chatrian said the filmmaker "embodies the spirit of the festival so well: over the course of his long career, Herzog has proved adept at moving between fiction and documentary, low-budget productions and films featuring major stars, but without ever losing a clear sense of identity."
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Offers & Promotions
- Summer Holidays in Spain, Portugal and Greece
Majorca 7nts 4* Half Board from £399pp
- USA deals from Exeter via Dublin..
Boston, New York, Chicago or Orlando (from £832pp 7nts 4*)
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Springtime Offers from Newmarket Holidays
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Normandy Deauville 3nts, 3* room-only from £155pp
Two flights a week starting 25 June from £27.99
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Tenerife - 7 nights 3* All Inclusive from £360pp
Latest News
- Flybe & Aer Lingus to the USA
Codeshare and US Customs via Dublin
- Airport celebrates another year of growth
Almost 30,000 more passengers in 2014
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For more information... click on the headline
Hampton by Hilton HOTEL opens
Wednesday 01 May 2013
The opening of Hampton by Hilton Exeter Airport marks the latest in a series of investment projects east of Exeter.
The 120-guestroom hotel, employing 55 team members, offers convenient, quality, affordable accommodation for air travellers, for those visiting the nearby city or setting off to other areas of the South West.
Hampton by Hilton Exeter Airport, which is operated by hotel management company Interstate Hotels & Resorts, includes all of the brand's signature features, with hot breakfast included in the room rate, a 24-hour snack area featuring light dishes and a full bar. Travellers will also be able to enjoy internet access included with their stay and a 24-hour business centre facility on site.
Exeter Airport's Hampton by Hilton is Hilton Worldwide's debut hotel for Exeter, the eleventh in the UK and Hilton Worldwide's twelfth airport hotel in the country.
Simon Vincent, area president, EMEA, Hilton Worldwide said: "Hilton Worldwide is the largest global operator of airport hotels by room numbers and through our portfolio of brands we constantly seek to redefine the airport hotel experience. Exeter Airport acts as an important gateway to the tourism hotspots of Devon and Cornwall, and has this year brought the number of destinations it serves up to 50 for the first time. With the foundations laid for strong passenger growth in the next few years, we're delighted to be establishing a presence here."
The hotel has also struck a partnership with Flybe Airlines, whose internationally renowned training academy is located next door, providing guests with access to 26 modern conference and meeting rooms.
Hampton by Hilton also participates in Hilton HHonors, a hotel rewards programme that offers points and miles for the same stay and no blackout dates to redeem rewards.
Also see:
Airport History
Airport War Years


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People Like Us: Social Class in America
by Louis Alvarez, and Andrew Kolker
People Like Us takes a hard look at how class really works in America, examining how it affects our understanding of race and gender, investigating its exclusion from the national debate, and probing the ways in which class differences shape daily life.
Pickles, Inc.
by Nitza Gonen and Dalit Kimor
In the Israeli Arab village of Tamra, eight widows challenge social conventions and establish the Azka Pickle Cooperative, seeking financial independence for themselves and their children.
Women and Girls Lead, Global Perspectives Collection, Global Voices, Wide Angle
Prison Town, USA
by Po Kutchins and Katie Galloway
Prison Town, U.S.A. allows the vivid voices of "lifer" inmates, ranchers, and politicians to reveal the untold story of the impact of America's prison-building boom.
Razing Appalachia
by Sasha Waters Freyer
The last 40 families of Blair, West Virginia stay to fight America's second-largest coal company as mountaintop removal mining threatens their homes.
True Stories, Independent Lens
The Real Dirt on Farmer John
by Taggart Siegel and Teri Lang
Against all odds, John Peterson abandons conventional chemical farming and fights local hysteria to build a thriving organic farm and a progressive farm community.
Independent Lens
A Robot Walks into a Bar
by Alex Rivera
A new breed of labor robot works at a bar, his mission is to excel at his new job while avoiding human injury, he soon learns that this may be impossible.
by Hugo Perez
In an industry dominated by genetically modified seeds, a poor farmer struggles to survive. When he resorts to smuggling now-illegal organic seeds across borders he risks everything.
Señorita Extraviada (Missing Young Woman)
by Lourdes Portillo
The remains of more than 250 sexually assaulted girls have been found in the desert outside of Juarez, Mexico. The victims' relatives will not rest until these crimes are solved.
Global Voices, POV
by Kelly Anderson
An unconventional love story set in the world of private prisons, where inmates work for giant corporations, starring Chris Meloni.
Sing Faster: The Stagehands' Ring Cycle
by Jon Else
An innovative documentary of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle opera from the point of view of the union stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.
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Moriguchi Chamble Asami
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Moriguchi Chamble Asami
Travel Blogs from Moriguchi
Another Kyoto day
... I do not know the name of. Very moving inside. When Japanese people entered they often knelt on the floor and some of them prayed in front of the Buddha. We could not take photos and it was all pretty hush hush but very emotional in a sense. It was not an old temple rebuilt after numerous fires in they late 1800's. it had timber columns which where about 800mm in diameter. They would have been very old trees when they ...
Green coffee
... scientist) and apparently Germany is about to invade Poland to save Russia or something. The waiter brings around dead fish on a stick. I nearly pass out with fear as he delivers one to each person, he either saw my face or it wasn't a freebie and we escape. The food comes and it's good. I mistake the fish innards for a dip and it's vile. We make friends with the next table, American goes on and on about her guides and hotels. German and I try and out do her on hostel life. ...
Kyoto Site Seeing
Today is the Kyoto city site seeing. I started by walking towards the Imperial Palace. There is a free tour of the Palace which I took. It gives a perspective of what Kyoto had gone through once being the capital of Japan. I tried to wear a kimono at the Textile museum. It was great experience for 2600¥. Took lots of photos. Philosopher's walk is another nice path to walk around. Pinto Cho is the night life street of ...
Day 10 - Samurai Jones, he's a bad mutha...
... half of it was closed for renovation - now in the UK when a building is renovated a bunch of scaffolding is thrown up and covered in some flimsy tarp. They do things a little differently in Japan - they had built a massive steel-walled warehouse-type building over the entire temple building which guarantees protection from both the rain and the sun. They're pretty serious about protecting their temples here!
After that i walked down to my next stop, ...
A cake shop with a difference.
Time to return to Osaka. One more night and two days in Japan. What to do? Too many choices: - take the Shinkansen to Osaka drop my stuff off, come back on the Shinkansen to Himeji to see the White Egret Castle; the largest and possibly the only one not to have been completely rebuilt(?) - visit some more stuff in Osaka, notably the Umeda building - visit Mount Koya, I was going to stay there with the monks but time ran out - take up the offer of Mr Ashoka ... dinner ...
Other places to stay in Moriguchi
hotel AGORA osaka moriguchi10-5 Kawaharacho, Moriguchi | 3 star hotelfrom $69
Osaka Moriguchi Plaza Hotel2-82-35 Higashimachi, Yagumo, Moriguchi | Hotelfrom $68


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I am using twitter bootstrap to develop a responsive design. I have a
div with two
divs inside of it. How do I make it centrally align? I give padding to make it center align it, but in mobile layout it's not getting centrally aligned due to padding, so I removed the padding.

Industry Operation Packages

eCommerce, Sales and Customer Management, Purchasing and Vendor Management, Inventory Management, Build of Materials, Real-Time Production, Product Life Cycle, QA Management.

Customer Relationship Management

Client Real-Time Access to Accounting, Quote Management, Order Status, Production, Inventory, Shipping and complete RMA Process - Status, Product Failure Analysis and Statistic.


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Campanile Vichy-Bellerive
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travelers also recommend:
TripAdvisor Reviews Campanile Vichy-Bellerive Bellerive-sur-Allier
Travel Blogs from Bellerive-sur-Allier
Fix my broken tooth and lost parcels!!
... Veringetorix, who almost halted Caesar's success in Gaul. Fountain of Aloise. Statue to Pope Urbain the Second, who initiated the Curia in Rome and set up the first crusade. Then looked into the Unesco listed Notre Dame du Port Basilica with really impressive roof line and tiling. Back to camp to meet up with Rob and Rob again, who had driven in from Lyon. They had also scored a tour of the Michelin factory before retiring to Maccas to collect ...
One Man's Trash is Another Man's Treasure
... and Clermont-Ferrand became home. Most shops were closed for the month of August when those who could afford it took their 'cong� annuel'. We hung out with those who didn't jet off to the Riviera, a demographic of the population who live day by day and who seemed to appreciate us strangers as a welcome distraction. We, in turn, appreciated the company and there were more than a few farewells to deliver at the end of the month.
Merci, Clermont-Ferrand.
Tennis Anyone
... of soccer. We used a real ball - boy it is hard to kick and stop a shot. A lot bigger than the ball Caleb and I are used to using. Caleb and Christine then went over for a final visit and ping pong with the group at Kassim's complex. For the third time we had our salmon wrapped fish dinner. Still awesome. Mmm.... Got mostly packed up for our next ...
Museum Trip and Sandball Tournament
... and two points for a spectacular goal - think 360 spin or no look goal etc. Our team was awesome and we won all four games. The final play was epic - I was twenty feet away from the other teams goal and facing away from it - I received a pass, bent down an rifled it on net between my legs ... It went right in - top shelf ... A young observer screamed 'Spectacular' ... Caleb was proud of pops and said he would pick me for his team for ...
Soccer, Rugby and Trip Planning
... saw we had rackets and with no prompting moved and sat on the benches and watched us. It was a bit unnerving to have 6+ guys all quiet and watching us. After a few games we invited anyone who wanted to play and ended up meeting a Canadian from Montreal who happened to be visiting Clermont. He cleaned the table by beating Christine and Caleb. The final match was Canada (the visitor guy) versus France (a local). Caleb was ...


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"Just as Trite as Positive Thinking"
Depth. Real insight. Any MSNBC or FOX news commentator could have patched this book together in an afternoon.
The performance was fine. The book was a waste.
"Laughed Out Loud"
This book is hysterically funny and Ross' delivery made it that much more enjoyable. If you bought the book in Kindle or paper format you missed out. You really get Ross' humor as he recounts his life story.
"Funny Look at the Reality of Life as an Actor"
I thoroughly enjoyed Fred Stoller's account of his journey through tvland. I just wished he'd read the book himself. Fred's own voice would have enhanced the listening experience. The qualities he brings to his guest roles and voiceover characters would have enhanced the telling of his personal stories.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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Amy Herzog Designs Patterns - Alta and Andrea Rangel Knits Patterns - Kalaloch are both similar patterns: 22 (5.5 sts. / inch) finished gauge, for women, dk (21-24 sts/4 in) yarn gauge, and dk weight suggested yarn.
You may enjoy taking a look at the , and Madelinetosh Tosh Merino Light First Frost kits all using Knitting at Knoon Patterns.
Hopefully our suggested yarn options for Wee Warmers can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!


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By Jef With One F
The 10 Biggest Rockers Living in Texas
By Rocks Off
By Chris Lane
By Angelica Leicht
By Corey Deiterman
Drake Returns to Warehouse Live
By Brando
By Angelica Leicht
6 Bands No One Noticed Broke Up
By Corey Deiterman
Musically, the manic hooks in these songs match the obtuse lyrics, and the mix of frantically strummed guitars and playful keyboard flourishes keeps the pace moving. Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley (Madness, Dexy's Midnight Runners) produced the record, though you'll find few overtly "retro" elements; the music itself is at once ear-catchingly inventive and firmly rooted in the quirk-pop tradition. Perhaps younger listeners, whose only experience with XTC has been limited to Mandy Moore's cover of "Senses Working Overtime," will find something to love in these songs. For the rest of us, the prehash still sounds better than the rehash.
Sponsor Content


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Glasgow City Mission is the world's first City Mission. Since 1826, we have been showing Christian care to vulnerable adults and children by fighting against poverty and disadvantage in Glasgow.
06th Jun. 2015
Choose to cycle around the island, climb Goatfell, or if you're brave, do both!
07th Jun. 2015
We believe God is impacting Glasgow's broken and marginalised with his love. Join us for a joint church service of celebration.
30th Mar. 2015
Hope, anticipation and new life: read about the positive changes you're making possible in the spring issue of Connect.
06th Mar. 2015
Are you passionate about people? Do you want to see Glasgow transformed? We're expanding our team - could you join us?


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Shop now and get Free Value Shipping on most orders over $49 to the contiguous 48 states, DC and to all U.S. Military APO/FPO/DPO addresses.
We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the cost of return shipping. Learn more about our Return Policy.
Unfortunately U.S. Optics Mount 30mm to 1 inch Ring Spacers is no longer carried by OpticsPlanet.
You can also explore other items in the Riflescope Mounts, Rings & Bases category yourself to try and find the perfect replacement for you!
U.S. Optics Mount 30mm to 1" Ring Spacers is adapter for USO 30mm rings and US Optics Posa Slide & Lock mounts. This Riflescope mount adapter is made by 6061t6 aluminum type III hard anodized a matte black.
We offer complete line of US Optics Rifle scope Mounts, Rings and Bases. For our complete selection of products by U.S. Optics on sale please visit our US Optics page. For more Riflescope Mounts, Rings and Bases please visit our Riflescope Mounts, Rings and Bases store section.
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Financial Software
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GAzie - Gestione Aziendale
Multicompany finance application written in PHP using a MySql database backend for small to medium enterprise. It lets you write invoices, manage stock, manage orders , accounting, etc. Send tax receipt to electronic cash register.37 weekly downloads
Financial Supervision Assistant
Web Based MIS for SUPERVISORS: J2EE based BI, PM & Report Designer9 weekly downloads
PostBooks ERP, accounting, CRM by xTuple
World's #1 Open Source ERP170 weekly downloads
Money Manager Ex
Is an easy to use, money management application.578 weekly downloads
S.A.F.E. Open Source Microfinance Suite
S.A.F.E. is a "Open Source Microfinance Suite" created for help to the operational needs from the Microfinance institutions, developer with Web 2.0 technologies. english demo: https://english.sipakal.com S.A.F.E. OSMS es una alternativa de Software para Microfinancieras(Cooperativas de Ahorro y Prestamo, SOFIPOS, SOFOLES y Similes) de Uso y Distribución Libre, pensado para ser fácil, rápido, económico y fiable. demo : https://demo.sipakal.com4 weekly downloads
Openbravo ERP
Openbravo 3, the agile ERP, is a modular, ready to use, 100% web-based open source business management system written in Java, that automates all of the core business processes for small and mid-sized companies.337 weekly downloads
FrontAccounting (FA) is a professional web-based Accounting system for the entire ERP chain written in PHP, using MySQL. FA is multilingual and multicurrency. For further information and more downloads, visit our website, http://frontaccounting.com.70 weekly downloads
OpenClinic GA
Open Source Integrated Hospital Information Management System224 weekly downloads
Vogon personal finance tracker
Simple personal finance tracker using Spring Boot and Angular.js1 weekly downloads
ShelterOps - A framework for animal data management6 weekly downloads
Stock Inventory Management
PHP Stock Inventory Management System - POS120 weekly downloads
Open Source Point of Sale
Open Source Point of Sale is a web based point of sale system written in the PHP language. It uses MySQL as the data storage back-end and has a simple user interface. If you like the project, and you are making money out of it on a daily basis, then consider to buy me a coffee so I can keep adding features.677 weekly downloads
CoBIS - Microfinance & Saccos
Community Banking Information System10 weekly downloads
Building High Quality ERP and Accounting Software for SMB & SME21 weekly downloads
Gambio Toolbox
Gambio Toolbox ist eineTools Sammlung rund um den Gambio GX20 weekly downloads
Web based Cost Estimation, Material Takeoff and Reconciliation Tool145 weekly downloads
Dolibarr ERP - CRM
Dolibarr ERP - CRM, open web software to manage your business495 weekly downloads
SugarCRM - commercial open source CRM
Affordable and easy to use customer relationship management444 weekly downloads
Stock Analysis Program5 weekly downloads
PhreeBooks Accounting
Web based Accounting17 weekly downloads
Personal Finance Manager
Multi-user Personal Finance Manager web application in PHP and JavaScript. Uses MySQL, jQuery, JSON, phpdaogen. Manage and reconcile accounts and transactions; track income and expenses. Snappy UI uses AJAX form submission to eliminate page reloads.50 weekly downloads
Expense Submittal System
Expense reporting system for business6 weekly downloads
Open source online restaurant ordering and management system.0 weekly downloads
All development will continue here under a BSD license: https://github.com/web2project/web2project LAMP-based Project Management System focused on satisfying real-world business requirements based on community feedback. Built on a modular app framework, it allows Add On modules & customizations to interact almost seamlessly. (dotproject fork)5 weekly downloads
SIGAFS (Nueva Generación)
Sistema para la Gestión de las Aplicaciones de FUNDACITE Sucre1 weekly downloads


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NEW YORK (AP) Pittsburgh Pirates minor league pitchers Roman Carrasco and Luis Figueroa were each suspended 50 games Friday after testing positive for a performance-enhancing substance under baseball's minor league drug program.
Both right-handers tested positive for anabolic steroids, according to Major League Baseball. Carrasco tested positive for a metabolite of nandrolone. Figuera tested positive for stanozolol metabolites.
Both suspensions were effective immediately.
Carrasco, playing for the Pirates in the Venezuelan Summer League, was 7-1 with a 2.82 ERA in 12 starts. Figuera, also in Venezuela, was 6-2 with a 3.09 ERA.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more.


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News / Headlines / Comeback / Teaser / Music Video
ZE:A Im Siwan Reveals Teaser Photo for 'Ghost of the Wind'
By Staff Writer | July 26, 2013 11:43 AM EDT
ZE:A member Im Siwan revealed his individual image picture and showed a different style.
Like Us on Facebook
On July 26, Im Siwan's new and fresh style was released and gained much attention.
In the image, he sports a half shaved hairstyle for a more clean and manly look.
They will be making a comeback on August 9 with their new song, "Ghost of the Wind."
© 2015 KpopStarz. All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.
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Before even making her U.S. debut, CL gained over 10% of votes within two days of the TIME poll opening.


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UV Protectant Additive or Coating for Ext. Paint
I am having my wood trim repainted. Most of it is on a west-facing facade that receives salt-laden moisture and blazing sunlight. The painter is sanding down to the bare wood, using a Zinsser oil-based primer and BM Moorglo Exterior Acrylic. I was wondering if there is any top coat or additive that could make the paint more resistant to the elements. Thank you in advance for your help.
My guess is that he will be using Cover Stain as most painters love this stuff since it's fast drying. Problem is that because it's fast drying, it's not a good choice for exteriors since it will get brittle and fail much faster than a medium or long oil primer that dries slower. If he hasn't started yet, I would ask him to use BM's Moorwhite primer. As for an additive, there is no silver bullet you can add, that's what the paint is for. MoorGlo is among the best -two full coats plus the primer should yield years of service.
Should be good for a decade( actually more) using paintguys paint and save yourself a couple or 5 hundred $$$.
Faron, I know you love this stuff but to me( IMHO) it just is not worth the $. I don't think ANY paint is worth that much unless it would double the lifespan, say last for 2 and 1/2 century's


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What: You're invited to hear Fatemeh Fakhraie, Bitch contributor and founder of Muslimah Media Watch, read from I Speak For Myself: American Women on Being Muslim on Saturday, July 23rd at 11am. Fakhraie wrote a piece called "Roots" in I Speak For Myself, a brand-new collection of 40 personal essays written by American Muslim women under the age of 40, all of whom were born and raised in the US. (Find out more about this important anthology on our blog.)
Following the reading and a Q&A, Fakhraie will be available to sign copies of the anthology, which she will be selling at the event.
Delicious refreshments will be provided, and our lending library will be open for checking out books!
When: Saturday, July 23 from 11:00am - 1:00pm
Where: Bitch HQ is located at 4930 NE 29th Ave. (right off Alberta Street) in Portland, OR
RSVP and invite your friends on Facebook!
If you're not in Portland, have no fear. You can still purchase your copy of I Speak For Myself at BitchMart today.
Love what you're reading here? Become a member! For just $5 a month, members get access to all of our online content as well as a subscription to Bitch magazine in print & digital.
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Welcome to Ventura College!
Your Guide to ENROLLMENT SUCCESS!
Step 1. Apply for Admission Click Here
- Returning Students - You must re-apply for admission if you have not attended in over a year.
- Allow 24 hours to process your admissions application and receive your new student email confirmation.
- The email confirmation contains a link to the student portal setup for MyVCCCD (***link expires in 10 days).
- Check out the Steps to set up MyVCCCD visual guide
Step 2. Set up MyVCCCD Student Portal
- Regularly check your MyVCCCD email or activate mail forwarding option under MyAccount settings in MyVCCCD
- Write down your Student ID number for your records located on the top right corner within MyVCCCD
Step 3. Complete New Student Orientation at MyVCCCD
- Click on the MySUCCESS tab to complete the online orientation
- Print your Certificate of Completion, it will be required prior to making a counseling appointment
Step 4. Complete the English & Math Assessments
- Schedule an assessment session (click here)
- Check for the testing dates & times, test last 2-3 hours long
Step 5. Develop a Student Educational Plan online at MyVCCCD
- Call the Counseling Office at (805) 289-6448 to schedule your New Student Counseling Session and develop your first-semester educational plan.
- Access DegreeWorks via MyVCCCD to select and track courses to meet your educational goals
- Not sure how to create an abbreviated education plan in DegreeWorks? Click here to access the tutorial video.
Step 6. Apply for Financial Aid online at: fafsa.ed.gov
- Submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
- Apply for the Board of Governors Fee Waiver (BOGW)
- Ventura College School Code: 001334
Step 7. Register & Pay online at: MyVCCCD
- Verify your date & time for registration
- Check the current calendar for registration dates
- Registration will not be complete unless the fees are paid in full
- Payment plans are available on Register & Pay tab
- Schedule of Classes | College Catalog
- High School Students: Special Admission applies to K-12 students interested in taking classes at Ventura College.
- First-Time Special Admission students must apply for college admission first.
- The application for admission must be submitted and accepted before the student is allowed to register.
- For additional Special Admissions instructions please click here


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Wes Keltner | January 25, 2011 | Comments
Imagine if your social network could generate in-game content.
There are more than 350 million gamers in the world. The average gamer is 35, male, with a household income of $78,000. However, CMOs and media planners often overlook or underutilize opportunities to connect with this segment of the entertainment industry.
A billboard in a racing video game, while still fulfilling millions of impressions, is extremely dated and difficult to tie directly to sales. It's the equivalent of creating a digital strategy for your client and only limiting it to an online banner campaign.
In this video, I explain how brands can take advantage of the social networks built into the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles.
The central theme of this video is to give gamers what they want with an incentive program for products they already need. This formula works extremely well for consumer packaged goods (CPG) and quick service restaurants (QSR) industries especially. The Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 come with Twitter and Facebook built in, right out of the box. This integration allows for unique experiences for gamers and brands alike.
Run 90 yards and complete a touchdown in EA's Madden Football, and your console is smart enough to tweet or send a Facebook update alerting your friends to your prowess on the gridiron.
However, so far this experience has been a one-way street. That's because when my friends read this tweet/update and want to congratulate my accolades, their response will never be read until I leave the game and open Twitter or Facebook on my console. This will change.
Imagine if my social network could generate in-game content for me to interact with. Brands could then create deeply immersive campaigns that target social media and video games while simultaneously creating an incentive program for both. This is an incredibly powerful way to engage gamers while connecting with their entire social network. There are many opportunities surrounding video games. You just have to ask yourself: Are you game?
Want to learn more?
Attend ClickZ Live New York March 30 - April 1. With over 15 years' experience delivering industry-leading events, ClickZ Live brings together over 60 expert speakers to offer an action-packed, educationally-focused agenda covering all aspects of digital marketing. Register today!
Wes created Venom Cartel (then TAO Agency) in the Spring of 2006. Two days after filing his biz with Uncle Sam, Wes gained his first client, American Apparel. Wes placed American Apparel into the virtual world of Second Life, which became the first "real life" retailer to appear in a virtual world. Wes has also created campaigns for Ford Motor Company, GM, Samsung, Klondike, Google Chrome and several others. His work has received many accolades from the press including making the front pages of The Wall Street Journal and Ad Age and his work also appeared in GQ, The New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, CNET, MSNBC, Forbes, Business Week, MTV, FOX News, and Reuters. Wes saw the growth of gaming becoming so large, he created a division within Venom Cartel that focused on video games only. This division is called "Gun."
Gun is the largest video game consulting firm in the U.S. and became one of the most sought after studios in the U.S. for gaming campaigns. Agencies such as BBH, McCann Eriksson, Carmichael Lynch, Wunderman, Young and Rubicam, JWT, The Via Group, and BBDO trust Wes and Gun's knowledge of video games and other experimental interactive advertising landscapes.
Mar 30-Apr 1, 2015
June 23-25, 2015
July 9, 2015
August 10-12, 2015
September 8-10, 2015
Hong Kong, May 5-6, 2015
A Buyer's Guide to Affiliate Management Software
Manage your performance marketing with the right solution. Choose a platform that will mutually empower advertisers and media partners!
Google My Business Listings Demystified
To help brands control how they appear online, Google has developed a new offering: Google My Business Locations. This whitepaper helps marketers understand how to use this powerful new tool.
May 6, 2015
12:00pm ET/9:00am PT


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Updating your home can be a huge undertaking and cost a lot of money, but it doesn't have to be! For under $100, simple updates like a coat of paint, cabinet hardware, or even a new rug can make a big impact without a big budget. Whether you're looking to update your kitchen or outdoor space, consider these affordable essentials — no contractor or plumber needed!
— Additional reporting by Angela Elias
Front Door: Create a Lush Welcome
Greet guests with a traditional welcome. The eucalyptus wreath [1] ($79-$89) adds a lush year-round touch with zero maintenance.
Front Door: Update Your Mailbox
Update your current box with this vintage-inspired envelope mailbox [2] ($49) — available in four finishes to match your home's other accents.
Front Door: Replace Old Hardware
Simple touches like adding a new door knocker [3] ($28) is an easy and inexpensive way to refresh your front door.
Front Door: Add a Personal Touch
Personally greet your guests and stop dirt in its tracks by placing this personalized rubber frame doormat [4] ($89) in front of your door.
Front Door: Be Seen
Help guests find your home with these house numbers [5] ($24) that complete a contemporary entrance.
Entryway: Update Your Lighting
Hang this glass pendant [6] ($99) to give your space an industrial vibe.
Entryway: Incorporate a Vase
Vases are a great touch to any space, especially your entryway! Use metal-rimmed glass vases [7] ($10) to display your favorite flowers or seasonal branches.
Entryway: Add a Functional Touch
This umbrella stand [8] ($79) is not only functional, but also guaranteed to add style, even when it's raining.
Entryway: Display Practically
If your entryway has a side or console table, then utilize this mirrored tray [9] ($30) to organize keys and mail.
Entryway: Add a Rug
Runners can create a warm welcome while adding texture and pattern. This runner [10] ($50) is dark enough not to show dirt while still incorporating a pattern.
Kitchen: Add a Fresh Touch
Freshen up a windowsill by planting herbs or low-maintenance succulents in this zinc planter [11] ($68).
Kitchen: Set the Table
Add neutral sophistication to your dining table with the quick addition of these grey and silver place mats [12] ($20 for a set of four).
Kitchen: Showcase Your Cookware
Create more cabinet space and showcase your pots and pans with this steel pot rack [13] ($50).
Kitchen: Paint Your Walls and Cabinets
There's nothing like a fresh coat of paint to completely change the feel of a space. These colors from DwellStudio [14] start at $39 per half gallon and can completely transform your kitchen in a weekend.
Kitchen: Hang More Lighting
Spruce up your breakfast bar and add more lighting by hanging this retro industrial pendant light [15] ($99).
Kitchen: Replace Old Hardware
New hardware like this knob [16] ($9-$11) will easily make your cabinets look like new.
Kitchen: Add a Bar Cart
This utility cart [17] ($90, originally $100) is a great option if you are looking to add more storage without having to remodel.
Kitchen: Display With Baskets
Add these wire baskets [18] ($15-$20) to a shelf or transparent cabinet to organize your kitchen with an industrial touch.
Kitchen: Rethink Your Storage
Ditch the chip bags and cereal boxes for these sleek glass canisters [19] ($29-$100, originally $30-$119).
Office: Make a Statement
Turn bookends into a statement piece with this arrow option [20] ($49).
Office: Hang Your Work
Keep reminders and photos in sight by hanging this cork board [21] ($13) on your wall.
Office: Add Lighting
Light up you work space in a functional yet stylish way with one of these desk lamps [22] ($40).
Office: Hang Affordable Art
Hang up a little humor with a Division of Labor poster [23] ($53 for five). The quirky sayings are sure to make you smile.
Office: Turn Time Into Decor
Because nothing beats a statement clock, this chevron clock [24] ($99) will make an eye-catching office detail.
Bathroom: Switch Up Your Bath Mat
Warm up your tile floor with a new bath mat. The flower silhouette of this rose bath mat [25] ($38) is a fresh take on the standard square mat.
Bathroom: Replace Your Towels
Adding new towels to your bathroom, like these cotton towels [26] ($13), adds texture and a serene appeal. Although these towels are muted, bath linens in all colors are an affordable way to switch up your current color palette.
Bathroom: Update Your Shower Curtain
Shower accessories like this shower curtain [27] ($30) are a great way to add a stylish new twist to a bathroom without a new coat of paint or new tiling.
Bathroom: Hang New Hardware
A glamorous way to spruce up your bath and show off your accessories, this towel ring [28] ($10, originally $10) has a high-end finish without a high price.
Bedroom: Switch Up Your Bedding
For a quick bedroom overhaul, change up your bedding. This duvet set [29] ($15, originally $25) has a neutral color and a simple pattern that will mesh well with preexisting decor.
Bedroom: Add a Rug
Add layers to your room with a rug like this gray rug [30] ($19-$89). Use a neutral palette and simple pattern to add dimension and warmth to your space.
Bedroom: Create a Gallery Wall
Dress up bare walls and show off your favorite photos using these Pottery Barn frames [31] ($55 – $71, originally $69-$89) — perfect for creating a gallery wall and an affordable focal point.
Bedroom: Consider a Side Table
Add color and organization to your bed area with an affordable tray table [32] ($50).
Bedroom: Hang Curtains
Curtains like these pom pom trimmed black out set [33] ($79) are stylish and functional.


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roth ira question
If you open a Roth IRA with $2000 (minimum to open) into a CD rather than mutual funds, can you continue to add to that IRA until you reach the max/year?
That depends on the financial institution with which you open the account. You need to find out if they are flexible enough in their procedures to enable you to add to your Roth account. You probably cannot add to the CD that you started with because CDs typically go for a certain period to maturity, and then they "mature," which means you need to open another one at the new prevailing interest rates. Adding to an existing CD, say, a few hundred dollars a month? I do not think so, but you can probably open a different account to enable you to do that.
A question of strategy: Roth IRAs are tax free, which means that, although you pay tax on the initial contribution to the account, everything it earns after that is tax free. They are an excellent long term investment, money you just put in there and don't pay too much attention to it for a long, long time. Since your time horizon for a Roth is (or should be) at least 10 years, you can afford to take on more risk than a CD. To take advantage of the tax free feature, you need to keep the money in the Roth for a minimum time (I think at least 5 years, but I'm not sure of that). It therefore makes sense to think long term and take on more risk, say, an index fund of the whole stock market, or something like that.
The market is down right now, and common wisdom says it's time to go in because you can get some good bargains. Money in a Roth is for the long term and very tax advantaged. I'm putting fresh money into a Roth and a SEP IRA in broadly diversified stock index funds, but that's money I will not need for a long, long time, so I can leave it there and let it grow.


text: 63 year old recently retired print business owner. Married 30 years with 2 mature college-educated adult daughters. Fairly well traveled; Zihauntenjo Mexico is a favorite. Life-long fisherman. Everyone says we're a lovely family so I guess we are. We are all quite friendly, yet essentially private people. We certainly respect other people's privacy, and are pretty good at reading people for good times to approach or perhaps back-off. We keep things neat and clean and prefer peace and quiet. We don't drink much, but will have a glass of beer or wine on occassion. We love exploring new places, and we all enjoy good food. Well, I hope this helps a bit.


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You may be puzzled: I can see your confusion. You may be puzzled about your own treasures. You may not be aware, but I can see: you are carrying the greatest treasure of life. You are carrying a God within you. You may have forgotten completely. You may have completely forgotten the way back home, but it is still there.
And Kakuan is right: Everyone I look upon becomes enlightened. If I look at you, you become enlightened, because for me only enlightenment exists now.
Whatsoever you are, you will find the world exactly the same. You go on finding yourself in the world again and again. The world is a mirror. If you are enlightened, you are surrounded by enlightened beings. There is no other way. You are surrounded by an enlightened universe. The whole existence, the rocks and the rivers, the oceans and the stars, all are enlightened beings. It depends on you. Where you are, you create your world. If you are miserable, you live in a miserable world. If you are enlightened, you live in an enlightened world. If your energy is celebrating within, the whole becomes a symphony of celebration.
You are the world.
Enough for today.


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Football - Page 8
Northwestern Football Players WAY Too Pumped About Eating Chick-fil-A After Upsetting Notre Dame
Northwestern beat Notre Dame over the weekend in an overtime thriller, but when the Wildcats look back at the big win, they'll most likely be more excited about what happened after the game ended.
The Packers Look Super & Other Things We Learned In NFL Week 11
Green Bay won big again, and New England and Arizona stepped closer to playoff spots. Here's what we learned in the NFL in Week 11:
Melvin Gordon is a Beast and Other Things We Learned in Week 12 in College Football
The Seminoles dodged another bullet, Alabama showed it's still the team to beat in the SEC and Melvin Gordon ran into the record books. Here are the highlights from this week in college football.
Miami Dolphins Rally Past Buffalo Bills, 22-9
Ryan Tannehill threw two touchdown passes, and the Miami Dolphins surged past the Buffalo Bills, 22-9, in Florida on Thursday night.
Can Mississippi State Remain Top (Bull)Dog in the SEC? Big Questions for Week 12 in College Football
This weekend, we finally get the biggest game of the year in the SEC, and, thus, the nation. Here's a look at that and some other big story lines in college football this week:
Can the Cardinals Keep Rolling? & Other Things to Watch During NFL Week 11
NFL teams are beginning to jockey for playoff spots as the 2014 season enters its final seven weeks. Here's a look at the most interesting storylines for Week 11:
Jets Center Nick Mangold Snaps Pepsi Bottles
My all time favorite New York Jet's player is Nick Mangold. I went out to Cortland multiple times to attempt and grab his autograph, and I finally got it. He was a great guy to talk to, and he has a pretty good sense of humor. In a new ad for Pepsi, he decided to snap Pepsi bottles to customers instead of footballs.
Michael Vick Says The "Jets Probably Would've Won More games If I Started Sooner"
These days, it's the most embarrassing thing in the world to be a New York Jets fan. My team has let me down so much over the year, I don't know if I can handle any more heart break. Michael Vick is speaking out in the press saying the season could have been different, if Rex pulled the trigger and put him in much sooner.
Mark Sanchez Eats Cheesesteaks With Eagles Fans After Big Victory
They say no one is more popular than the backup quarterback. Mark Sanchez is certainly proving that.
Philadelphia Eagles Rout Carolina Panthers, 45-21
Mark Sanchez had 332 yards passing and two touchdowns, and the Eagles crushed the Carolina Panthers, 45-21, in Philadelphia on Monday night.
The Packers Own The Bears & Other Things We Learned From NFL Week 10
A big offensive day, a big injury and a big upset highlighted Week 10 of the 2014 NFL season. Here's a recap of the action:


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VIEWS: 111 PAGES: 5 CATEGORY: Business POSTED ON: 7/29/2011
Sample Bylaws Texas document sample
Sample Neighborhood Association Bylaws Bylaws of the Neighborhood Association (, Inc.) A Texas Nonprofit Corporation (Association) Article I. Name and Purpose Section 1.01: NAME. The NAME of this organization shall be the (Neighborhood Association), hereafter referred to as THE ASSOCIATION. It shall be a nonprofit organization incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas. (This Article must be included in your bylaws. If you do not plan to incorporate your Association, you may delete the second sentence.) Section 1.02: PURPOSE: The Bylaws shall govern the Corporation and its members and facilitate the fulfillment of the purposes provided in the Articles of Incorporation. (You may add or delete any purpose that does or does not apply to your Association. Remember to keep the purpose statement in compliance with IRS rulings, as spelled out in the enclosed IRS Publication 557.) Article II. MEMBERSHIP. SECTION 2.01: ELIGIBILITY FOR MEMBERSHIP. Any current resident of, or owner of property in, the (Neighborhood) Addition, bounded by (list boundaries) , DeSoto, Texas, is eligible for Membership in the Association upon [full payment of the annual dues, and] completion of an Application for Membership form. (Some Associations state that all residents within their particular boundaries are automatically members. This can prove difficult, however, to obtain 2/3 or other majority votes and adds to the expense of information distribution.) Section 2.02: HONORARY MEMBERSHIP. Any person may acquire Honorary membership in the Association, upon full payment of the Association dues, by a majority vote of the Membership at a regularly scheduled meeting. Honorary Membership entitles the person to a mailed copy of each newsletter and free participation in neighborhood events for one year from the date of membership. Honorary Membership does not, however, include voting rights. (This is Optional. Sometimes, previous residents of a neighborhood want to keep up with their ties to the neighborhood, or active Realtors want copies of the newsletters, etc. as a sales tool.) Section 2.03: ANNUAL DUES. The amount required for annual dues shall be $ each year, unless changed by a majority vote of the members in attendance at an annual meeting of the full membership. Full payment of the annual dues will entitle the Resident or Property Owner to full membership privileges for one year from the date of payment. Dues may, on occasion, be paid by donation of comparable products or services to the Association, by prior approval of the Officers of the Association. (This is Optional. Associations often charge a small fee for membership in order to pay for printing costs, dissemination of information, neighborhood directories, or special projects. Dues usually range from $5 - $40/year, with $15-$30 being the most common. Low-income neighborhoods may consider soliciting local business support and membership in their Association.) Section 2.04: VOTING RIGHTS. The full payment of the annual dues will entitle each person over age eighteen in the Member's household (excluding Honorary Members) to one vote apiece in all Association elections. Section 2.05: TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP. Membership in the Association is automatically terminated whenever the Member is in default of payment of the annual Association Dues. A member may also be removed by a majority vote of the membership. Section 2.06: RESIGNATION. Any Member may resign by filing a written resignation with the Secretary of the Association. Such resignation shall not relieve the resigning Member of the obligation to pay any dues, assessments, or other charges theretofore accrued and unpaid. Upon resignation, however, the resigning Member will be refunded any unaccrued dues on a pro-rated basis. And/Or, when the Member moves from the neighborhood. ARTICLE III. OFFICERS. Section 3.01: OFFICERS. The Association shall have the following officers: 1) President, 2) Vice-President, 3) Treasurer, and 4) Secretary. Section 3.02: ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The Officers shall be elected by majority vote at the annual meeting of the full membership. Section 3.03: TERM OF OFFICE. The Officers shall serve a one-year term, with no limitations on future terms. (Some Associations organize with a General Membership and a Board of Directors (comprised of a Chair, Vice-Chair, Treasurer & Secretary). In this case, the Board of Directors is usually given more decision- making powers than this proposed organizational structure. You may also want to provide for Assistant Officers, especially the Treasurer and Secretary, in the event these officers are temporarily unable to attend to their duties. The term of office shall commence upon election and continue until successors are elected at the annual meeting.) Section 3.04: DUTIES. The duties of the Officers are as follows: 1) The PRESIDENT shall be the principal executive officer of the Association and shall preside over all meetings, represent the Association on public occasions, and make such committee appointments from the membership as shall be deemed advisable for the effective conduct of the work of the Association. 2) The VICE-PRESIDENT shall assist the President as the President requests, and represent the Association on appropriate occasions. The Vice-President shall also, in the absence or disability of the President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President of the Association. 3) The TREASURER shall collect, safeguard, disburse and make periodic reports of all funds collected in the name of the Association. 4) The SECRETARY shall keep attendance records and record the proceedings of all meetings, maintain adequate records of the Association activities, and conduct such official correspondence as shall be required. 5) The duties of the officers shall not be limited as enumerated above, but they may discharge in addition such duties as are assigned by the Association Membership. 6) Unless so authorized, no officer shall have any power or authority to bind the Association by any contract or engagement, to pledge its credit, or to render if liable pecuniarily for any purpose or in any amount. Section 3.05: VACANCIES AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. Any Officer may be removed by a majority vote of the members of the Association (excluding the Officer to be removed). Upon the death, removal, resignation, or incapacity of an Officer of the Association, a majority of the Association shall elect a successor. Section 3.06: MANAGEMENT. The Association shall be managed by the Officers so elected, with powers consistent with the Articles of Incorporation and these Bylaws of the Association. (If not incorporated, substitute the word Organization for the word Incorporation.) ARTICLE IV. MEETINGS OF MEMBERS. Section 4.01: PLACE OF MEETINGS. Meetings of the Members shall be held at the principal business office of the Association or at any other place the President or a majority of the Members may from time to time select. Section 4.02: REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Association shall be held quarterly, at a time and place designated by the President. (Decide how often you want to meet. Remember, there will be times when you might get too busy to meet as often as you like.) Section 4.03: ANNUAL MEETING. An annual meeting of the Members shall be held in the month of _______ of each year, if possible. At such meeting, the Members shall elect the Officers of the Association, receive reports on the affairs of the Association, and transact any other business which is within the power of the Members. If an annual meeting has not been called and held within six months after the time designated for it, any Member may call the annual meeting. Decide what month (or season of the year) would be best for your major annual meeting. Section 4.04: SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Members may be called by the President, by a majority of the Officers of the Association, or by five percent (5%) or more of the Members entitled to vote. Section 4.05: NOTICE OF MEETINGS. A written or printed notice of each meeting, stating the place, day, and hour of the meeting, shall be given by the Secretary of the Association, or by the person authorized to call the meeting, to each Member of record entitled to vote at the meeting. This notice shall be given at least seven (7) days before the date named for the meeting, with the exception of Regular Monthly Meetings for which, once a firm date, time and place have been publicized to all the members, no further notice shall be required. (You may want to specify the method of delivery of the notices (i.e., by mail or physical delivery).) Section 4.06: QUORUM. The Members present at any properly announced meeting shall constitute a quorum at such meeting. (This section is important if you want to accomplish anything, because it is difficult to get a majority of members to be present at any given meeting… you might want to specify a percentage (such as 10%) of members who must be present to ensure a quorum. Decide how often you want to meet. Remember, there will be times when you might get too busy to meet as often as you would like. Decide what month (or season of the year) would be best for your major annual meeting.) ARTICLE V. VOTING. Section 5.01: VOTING. All issues shall be decided by a majority vote of members present at the meetings. Section 5.02: VOTING BY MAIL. Where Officers are to be elected by Members, or any changes in the Bylaws are to be voted on, or any other election is to be made whereby a count of the votes of all members may be desired, such election may be conducted by mail or by distribution ballot in such manner as the officers of the Association shall determine advisable. ARTICLE VI. COMMITTEES. Section 6.01: AUTHORIZATION TO ESTABLISH COMMITTEES. The Association may establish committees as deemed necessary to pursue its stated objectives. Members of Committees shall be appointed by the President. (Read information in manual regarding forming committees.) ARTICLE VII. FINANCES. Section 7.01: EXPENDITURES. Expenditures of funds amounting to over One Hundred Dollars ($100) in any month must be approved by majority vote of the Membership present at any properly-announced meeting of the Membership. Printing of the Neighborhood Newsletter, Neighborhood Informational Notices and the Neighborhood Directory are exempted by this rule. The figure you choose to insert here will depend on the amount of your budget and your anticipated monthly expenditures. Section 7.02: FINANCIAL REPORTS. Quarterly and Annual Financial Reports shall be prepared by the Treasurer and presented to the Members at the quarterly and annual meetings. (Financial reports should be given at every scheduled meeting, especially if you charge dues. People need to know that their contributions are being well spent.) ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS. Section 8.01: PROCEDURE. These Bylaws may be amended by a two-thirds majority vote of those present at any regular meeting of the Members of the Association, provided seven days written notice of the proposed amendment and of the meeting is given. (You may want to specify a two-thirds majority vote of the entire membership, rather than of those present at a meeting.) ARTICLE IX. ACCEPTANCE OF BYLAWS Section 9.01: VOTING. Acceptance of these Bylaws shall be by a two-thirds majority vote of those present at any regular meeting of the Members of the Association, provided written copies of the Bylaws and written notice of the meeting is given to all Members at least seven days prior to the meeting. ARTICLE X. NON-COMPLIANCE WITH BYLAWS. Section 10.01: NON-COMPLIANCE PENALTIES. Noncompliance with the Bylaws of the Association may result in termination of membership for the offender, upon a two- thirds majority vote by the membership of the Association. Under no circumstance will noncompliance with any section of these Bylaws constitute the forfeiture of the rights of the Association to exist or the rights of the Association to enforce the Bylaws of the Association. Again, you may want to specify two-thirds of the entire membership, instead of just those present.
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