text:
Should I Get Tested After Swallowed Blood
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
HIV Infection via swallowing blood?Dear Dr. Bob,My husband and I are aid workers in Tanzania, where the prevalence of AIDS is greater than 10% in the city we work (Dar es Salaam). He was involved in a car accident on Friday and the taxi driver's blood went into his mouth. He has no...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...HIV-acquisition risk remains extremely slight. There is no indication the cab driver was virally enhanced. You don't mention how much blood landed in your husband's mouth. Most likely it was only a small quantity. There are components in saliva... Read more »
Swallowed BloodDr.Very Quick question. Yesterday I shook hands with some co-workers. As I walked across the... Read more »
AtriplaHow do you take this big pill without cutting it? I ask My HIV Specialist about cutting and she... Read more »
Systemic Candidiasis...someone with a very sore or dry mouth. Rinses are held in the mouth for as long as possible and should be swilled around and then swallowed. They are used at least four times a day and continued for a few days after the symptoms have gone. The... Read more »
Etravirine (Intelence)...problems. What Are the Side Effects? When you start any ART, you may have temporary side effects such as headaches, high blood pressure, or just feeling ill. These side effects usually get better or disappear over time. The most common side... Read more »
Intelence...blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, facial edema [swelling], hepatitis, and eosinophilia [increased levels of the white blood cell eosinophil, a sign of an allergic reaction])." In addition, levels of liver enzymes called transaminases should... Read more »
HIV Transmission...HIV-negative, and avoid giving it to someone else if you are HIV positive. HIV is spread through the following body fluids: Blood (including menstrual blood) Semen and other male sexual fluids ("pre-cum") Vaginal fluids Breast milk ... Read more »
Connect With Others
Want to give blood but possible infection?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...didnt do anything that is risky because I just received oral sex and kissed him. But is the fact that he came on me, ate it, swallowed it, and then kissed me a risky activity? I want to give blood because I dont want to cancel, but I dont want... Read more »
Black Spot on Tongue?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...black spot on my tongue. I don't recall biting down on it and its a about 1-2cm wide (not huge). It kinda looks like a broken blood vessel -- it doesn't appear to be raised. I've never had anything like this before. I enjoy sucking cock and... Read more »
need help - I bit him
Posted by justonce, 1 Reply...partner. We don't take any chances (no intercourse at all). We were engaged in safe activites when I bit him on the nipple and swallowed a couple drops of blood. My question is about transmission given he is well controlled, usually undetectable... Read more »
8 week NEG
Posted by Anonymous...how accurate this result is. My exposure was, I fingered a guy and then rimmed him. While I was rimming him I swallowed some blood. I cut him while I was fingering him and did not notice. About 7 days later I noticed that my tonsil had... Read more »
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Floyd's Private Middle Schools
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Sania Mirza of India and Nuria Llagostera of Spain moved into the women's doubles final of 4.8 million dollar China Open tennis championship with a 7-5, 6-1 win over Srebotnik and Zheng Jie in Beijing on Friday, according to information received here on Friday.
With this win, the Hyderabad-based Sania is expected to improve her doubles ranking to World No. 13.
Keywords: China Open tennis championship


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The state government shutdown in Minnesota is entering its eleventh day, with leaders from both parties deadlocked over the state budget. The standoff is emblematic of how "the irrational has, alas, become commonplace in America in 2011," Walter Shapiro writes at The New Republic. Put another way – in the words of one political scientist – "What we're seeing in Minnesota is the AAA baseball version of the debt-ceiling negotiations in Washington." The stalemate follows from the 2010 election, which left Democratic governor Mark Dayton sharing power with an extremely conservative Republican legislature. "Eight years ago we had just one Michele Bachmann in the Minnesota senate," Democratic state senator John Marty tells Shapiro. "Now, we have maybe twenty or forty of them in the legislature. (It doesn't help either that former Gov. Tim Pawlenty left a projected $5 billion deficit on the books.) The difference between Democratic Governor Mark Dayton and the Republican legislature is down to about $1.4 billion. And yet, nobody's budging."This is what happens," Shapiro writes, "when political differences morph into moralistic struggles over unyielding principle. It is a chilling precedent for Washington." [The New Republic]
Must Read: Minnesota Government Shutdown is a Grim Lesson for Washington
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So i recently bought a new AT & T HTC One Unlocked Phone from Fry's in California. I used it for about 15 days and worked perfectly fine. Recently when i was on a skype call on the phone and was using whats app simultaneously, the phone blacked out and turned back again. The phone responded very slow that night after the call. I put it on charge that whole night and was working the next day morning.
While going to work i put the phone in my pocket and after a while when i removed the phone it does not turn on neither charge, except for when i connect it to the computer just gives me the sound that it detects the phone. Except for that nothing really works. I tried charging it, tried the power button+volume key nothing really works.
Now the problem is I bought the phone in California and now i'm in india and when i took it to the service center he says we do not repair At & T phones and ill have to send it back to the US and which evidently will take a lot of time. Does anyone has similar problems or any good working solution for this so that i can avoid a lot of time sending it and getting it back?


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Silicon Alley Insider's Chart of the Week, created by pingdom.com and based on data from Google Ad Planner, shows that the average Facebook user views 662 pages a month. Next-most-sticky is Hi5, with an average of 351 pages a month, followed by MySpace, at 261 views per visitor per month.
The Realtime Report > Social Media Statistics > The Average Facebook User Views 662 Facebook Pages Per Month
The Average Facebook User Views 662 Facebook Pages Per Month
Posted on January 17, 2010 by Tonia Ries | No Comments
Posted in: Social Media Statistics
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About the Author
Tonia Ries
Tonia is the founder of The Realtime Report and the Realtime Conferences. She recently began a new gig as SVP, Executive Director of Edelman Square, where she manages intellectual property for Edelman. When she's not busy tweeting (@tonia_ries), she's probably hanging out with her dog Milo. Tonia grew up in Germany and Belgium, and now lives in Montauk and in New York City.


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text:
An InP-based opto-electronic integrated circuit including an active layer having one or more quantum wells (36, 38). According to the invention, a barrier layer (34) of AlGaInAs is formed, preferably between the quantum wells and the substrate (30) to prevent the migration of species from the substrate and lower InP layers that tend to shift the emission wavelengths of the quantum wells to shorter wavelengths, i.e., a blue shift. The barrier layer can be patterned so that some areas of the quantum wells exhibit blue shifting to a shorter wavelength while other areas retain their longer wavelength during annealing.
1. A method of fabricating a quantum-well device, comprising the steps of:
a first step of epitaxially forming on a substrate comprising In and P a diffusion barrier layer comprising an Al-containing compound semiconductor; and
a second step of epitaxially forming on said diffusion barrier layer at least one quantum well layer surrounded by electron and hole barriers, each comprising In-P based compositions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first forming step includes laterally patterning said diffusion barrier layer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one quantum well layer and said electron and hole barriers comprise respective compositions selected from the group of pairs consisting of InGaAsP/InGaAs, InGaAsP/InGaAsP, InP/InGaAs, and InP/InGaAsP.
4. A method of forming a quantum-well device with regions of differing characteristic energy, comprising the steps of:
forming on a substrate comprising indium and phosphorous an InP-based quantum-well structure;
forming on said quantum well structure a patterned diffusion barrier layer by removing diffusion barrier layers in localized regions; and
thermally treating said quantum-well structure at a temperature greater than 600 C., whereby the quantum-well band gap energy is patterned laterally as determined by the local presence or absence of the diffusion barrier layer.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said diffusion barrier layer comprises Al and In.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said barrier layer additionally comprises Ga.
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/660,330 filed Jun. 3, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,771,256.
The invention generally relates to semiconductor quantum-well structures. In particular, the invention relates to InP and InGaAs quantum-well diode lasers whose fabricational variations can be better controlled.
Many advanced electronic and opto-electronic integrated circuits are based on compound semiconductors such as the III-V semiconductors. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is the basis of a fairly well developed technology; indium phosphide (InP) and related materials are not so well developed but have received much attention, especially for active opto-electronic devices, such as lasers and optical modulators, operating in the 1.55 μm band of optical wavelengths which is of great interest for integration with silica optical fibers. Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) is often considered to be an InP-based material because alloys with InP can be made that have little change in lattice constant while providing bandgap control of the commercially important part of the optical spectrum around 1550 nm.
A fundamental advantage of III-V semiconductors is that modern film growth techniques, such as organo-metallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), enable the epitaxial growth of thin films with nearly arbitrary III-V compositions, assuming equality of Group-III cations and Group-V anions, thus allowing many important semiconductor characteristics such as electronic bandgap to be freely engineered. Similar freedom is available with II-VI semiconductors. An important structure that is so enabled is the single or multiple quantum-well (MQW) structure much used for lasers and modulators, an example of which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 with the horizontal axis representing the epitaxial growth direction and the vertical axis representing the electronic bandgap for the different materials. For example, an electronic diode structure includes an n-type InP layer 10 and a p-type InP layer 12 sandwiching an undoped active layer 14 comprising alternating thin layers of InGaAs wells 16 and InGaAsP barriers 18. The wells and barriers 16 and 18 are thin enough, usually less than 10 nm, that one or more quantum mechanical valence states 20 and conduction states 22 form within the wells 16. The number of quantum wells may be one or more.
The effective bandgap between the valence and conduction states 20, 22 within the wells 16 depend both upon the well composition and the thickness of the well. Although the compositions are generally chosen to be lattice matched to the InP substrate, a controlled amount of strain can be introduced into the wells and barriers to further control the electronic band structure. The result is an active layer 14 having a high density of narrow electronic states, assuming the wells 14 have been well fabricated, with the effective bandgap that determines optical characteristics being easily varied. In a typical opto-electronic device, electrical leads are connected to the two InP layers 10, 12 and an unillustrated optical waveguiding structure is formed along the active layer 14 in the directions perpendicular to the illustrated z-direction so as to confine a major portion of the optical wave within the active layer 14 to there interact with the electrically controlled carriers.
However, the process of forming the optical confinement structure tends to degrade the multi quantum-well structure. A typical though simplified buried heterostructure MQW laser is illustrated in cross section in FIG. 2. The vertical planar structure of FIG. 1 is grown and then patterned and etched so as to form a ridge extending along the y-direction and having a finite width along the x-direction of the active layer 14 including the multiple quantum wells. Thereafter, a semi-insulating InP 24 is epitaxially regrown around the ridge to reduce the contrast of the refractive index of the active layer 14 relative to that of the surrounding material and to confine the biasing current to the active layer 14. The structure shown in FIG. 2 is simplified for ease of presentation. More layers may be included to, for example, better confine the light to the core, but the illustrated structure is sufficient to explain the effect of the invention. More realistic structures for buried heterostructure lasers are described by Odagawa et al. in "High-Speed Operation of Strained InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW Lasers Under Zero-Bias Condition," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 29, 1993, pp. 1682-1686 and by Aoki et al. in "Monolithic integration of DFB lasers and electroabsorption modulators using in-plane quantum energy control of MQW structures, International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems, vol. 5, 1994, pp. 67-90.
The regrowth of the fairly thick semi-insulating layer 24 imposes a large thermal budget on the already fabricated quantum wells. Even the after grown upper cladding layer 12 incurs a significant thermal budget. OMCVD of these materials is typically done between 625� and 650� C. so that temperatures between 600� and 700� C. should be anticipated. Even higher temperatures may be required for explicit annealing. The thermal treatment of the quantum wells in these temperature ranges has been generally observed to shift the bandgap between the well states to the blue. That is, the effective bandgap of the well states anneal to larger bandgap energy. Also, the potential wells tend to lose their rectangular shape. The structure described by Aoki et al., ibid., includes both lasers and modulators having different well thickness and involves two regrowths, one for the upper, p-type InP layer and another for the semi-insulating InP. Thus significant blue shifting is expected, but the amount of blue shift will differ between the laser and modulator because of the differing well thicknesses.
The size of the blue shift has been observed to shift the photoluminescence peak by about 10 to 40 nm at devices designed for 1550 nm. However, the shift varies across a wafer and from wafer to wafer. A shift in the wavelength peak of the photoluminescent emission presents a problem in fabricating lasers and modulators since, for example, optimum performance in distributed feedback lasers requires the wavelength of the gain peak to match the grating pitch. In the case of modulators, a variation of the blue shift between different ones of the multiple quantum wells will produce a less steep change of absorption with wavelength, thereby degrading the modulator performance.
Several suggestions have been made to reduce the blue shift. One entails the use of substrates with high dislocation densities, the dislocation pipes acting as gettering sites for the species, speculated to be phosphorus interstitials, responsible for the blue shift. This solution is not attractive because heavily dislocated substrates introduce concerns about the reliability of devices formed on them.
Another suggestion involves the use of strained quantum wells in which both the wells and the barriers have the same compositional ratio As/P of the Group-V components, thereby avoiding any effect from the mobile phosphorus. Although this solution seems effective, it restricts the device design.
Several groups have reported their understanding of the mechanism for blue shift in Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, Apr. 19-22, 1993, Paris, France (IEEE Catalog #93CH3276-3). See Glew, "Interdiffusion of InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum wells," ibid., pp. 29-32; Gillin et al., "Group V interdiffusion in In0.66 Ga0.33 As/In0.66 Ga0.33 As0.7 P0.3 quantum well structures," ibid., pp. 33-35; Camassel et al., "Experimental investigation of the thermal stability of strained InGaAs/InGaAsP MQWs," ibid., pp. 36-39; and Vettese et al., "An investigation into the effects of thermal annealing on long wavelength InGaAs/InGaAsP multi-quantum well lasers," Ibid., pp. 40-44. Although diffusion of phosphorus is a recurring theme, there is no agreement on the responsible mechanism.
Accordingly, a more reliable and less restrictive method is desired for controlling and reducing the blue shift in InP-based and related quaternary quantum-well structures.
The invention can be summarized as a quantum-well structure based on compound semiconductors, particularly InP, InGaAs, and related III-V semiconductors, in which a diffusion barrier layer is formed between the quantum wells and the substrate. Preferably, the barrier layer contains aluminum, e.g., may be AlGaInAs, and it prevents the diffusion of species from the substrate into the quantum wells that would otherwise cause a blue shift in the quantum-well electronic states.
FIG. 1 is a schematical representation of the composition and band structure of a conventional semiconductor diode having a multi quantum-well active layer.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional buried heterostructure laser incorporating the multi quantum-well structure of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention including an AlGaInAs diffusion barrier layer below multiple InP-based quantum wells and above an InP buffer layer.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention including the AlGaInAs barrier layer below the InP buffer layer.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention including a principal InP buffer layer and in which the AlGaInAs diffusion barrier layer is subdivided and interleaved with additional InP buffer layers.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention which lacks the principal InP buffer layer of the third embodiment.
FIG. 7 is cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention including a barrier layer formed over the quantum wells.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional view of sixth and seventh embodiments of the invention is which the barrier layer is patterned to provide laterally varying blue shifts.
According to the invention, a III-V semiconductor layer including a substantial aluminum content acts as a diffusion barrier for quantum-well layers grown on its top. In a particularly important application of the invention, a layer of AlGaInAs is epitaxially deposited above an InP substrate to act as an effective diffusion barrier against species in the substrate so as to protect quantum wells and barriers formed on the AlGaInAs barrier layer. The quantum-well structure is composed of compound semiconductors, such as the III-V material combinations of InGaAsP/InGaAs, InGaAsP/InGaAsP, InP/InGaAs, and InP/InGaAsP.
The thickness of the diffusion barrier layer preferably lies within the range of 100 nm to 500 nm. The preferred AlGaInAs barrier material has a composition that is preferably lattice matched to InP although it can be slightly strained as long as the thickness of a strained layer does not exceed the pseudomorphic limit beyond which dislocations are generated. Preferably, the AlGaInAs diffusion barrier material has an Al content between an AlInAs composition and an AlGaInAs composition providing a bandgap wavelength of λg =1.3 μm. The bandgap energy of Ax Gay Inl-x-y As that is lattice matched to InP is given by
Eg (eV)=0.75+1.548x, (1)
1-x-y=0.53, (2)
and the bandgap wavelength is given by ##EQU1## The barrier layer may additionally contain other constituents to provide more complete bandgap and strain engineering. In particular, some phosphorus may be included.
A first embodiment of the invention is shown in cross section in FIG. 3. On an n+ -type InP substrate 30 are epitaxially deposited an n+ -type InP buffer layer 32 having a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 μm, over which is epitaxially deposited an AlGaInAs diffusion barrier layer 34 having a photoluminescent bandgap of λg =0.95 μm. Its thickness is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 μm. In general, in a diode structure the layers on opposite sides of the active region are fairly heavily doped to opposite conductivity types. However, the doping is required only if the layer is relatively thick. If their thickness is 0.1 μm or less, undoped lightly doped layers still provide the required conductivity to the active region. Here, an n+ -doped 1 μm -thick AlGaInAs barrier layer 34 becomes part of the adjacent active region.
An undoped multi quantum-well structure is epitaxially deposited over the diffusion barrier layer 34, and it includes 5 periods of alternating quantum-well layers 36 and barrier layers (electron and hole barriers to confine carriers in the quantum well) 38 plus an additional end (electron and hole) barrier. The quantum-well layer 36 has a composition of InGaAs with a tensile strain of σ=-0.3% and a thickness of 7 nm. The barrier layer has a composition of InGaAsP with λg =1.2 μm and a thickness of 10 nm. Over the quantum-well structure is epitaxially grown an InP undoped protective capping layer 40 having a thickness of about 0.1 μm. The composition of the capping layer 40 was chosen for experimental purposes and to provide a close comparison to the comparative example. In commercial devices, the capping layer may be formed of the quaternary InGaAsP although it is not clear that would even be required. Other layers may be grown over the capping layer 40 depending on the requirements of the optical structure. In any case, the AlGaInAs barrier layer 34 prevents diffusion of species, such as P interstitials, from the substrate into the quantum-well structure 36, 38. The specific structure, compositions, and thicknesses presented both above and below are understood to be by way of example only. Alternative embodiments of the invention may differ.
The second embodiment of the invention shown in the cross section of FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 3 in that the AlGaInAs barrier layer 34 is placed beneath the InP buffer layer 32 and the buffer layer 32 is adjacent to the quantum-well structure 36, 38. This embodiment recognizes the fact that the 1 μm-thick buffer layer 32 contributes little to the diffusion of Group-V components, if indeed that is the cause of blue shifting, so that the buffer layer 32 can be placed between the barrier layer 34 and the quantum-well structure 36, 38.
The third embodiment of the invention shown in the cross section of FIG. 5 differs from the second embodiment of FIG. 4 in that the AlGaInAs barrier layer is divided into five n+ -type AlGaInAs (λg =1.2 μm) barrier sub-layers 44 interleaved with four n+ -type InP buffer sub-layers 46 in a superlattice structure. The AlGaInAs barrier sub-layers 44 and the InP buffer sub-layers 46 all have thicknesses, for example, of 0.1 μm. The buffer sub-layers 46 together with the initial InP buffer layer 32 present a high-quality substrate for subsequent epitaxial growth while the barrier sub-layers 44 prevent diffusion of species from the InP substrate into the quantum-well structure 36, 38. In the third embodiment, the material immediately underlying the quantum-well structure 36, 38 is one of the barrier sub-layers 44 so that not even a thin InP layer has unimpeded access to the quantum wells.
The fourth embodiment of the invention illustrated in cross section in FIG. 6 differs from the third embodiment of FIG. 5 in that it lacks the initial InP buffer layer 32, so that the superlattice of the barrier and buffer sub-layers 44, 46 is grown directly on the substrate 30.
The fifth embodiment of the invention illustrated in cross section in FIG. 7 improves upon the first embodiment of FIG. 3 in including a barrier layer above the quantum-well structure. In particular, a thin upper InP protective layer 50 is epitaxially formed over the quantum-well structure 36, 38 to a thickness of 10 nm. This layer 50 was included for experimental purposes and in commercial devices may be replaced by a quaternary InGaAsP protective layer or dispensed with completely. Over the thin protective layer 50 are formed an upper AlGaInAs barrier layer 52 having a thickness of 0.1 μm and then the 0.1 μm-thick InP capping layer 40. The upper barrier layer 52 protects the quantum-well structure 36, 38 from the phosphorus-containing phosphine environment used in an annealing step and also protects it from species diffusion from the InP capping layer 40 and whatever layers are formed thereover, although it is not clear that diffusion from overgrown epitaxial layers is a problem. In any case, the upper InP protective layer 50 is so thin that it does not present a significant source of blue-shifting species.
In some of the experimental samples, up to 2 μm of InP have been grown over an quantum-well structure not protected on its upper side by a barrier layer. No blue shifts have been attributed to this thick InP overlayer. It is thus believed that the species responsible for blue shifts originates from the much thicker InP substrate.
The inventive structure of the first embodiment of FIG. 3 was grown by OMCVD at 76 Torr and at a growth rate of about 1.3 nm/s. The precursor reagents were trimethylgallium, trimethylaluminum, arsine, and phosphine in a carrier gas of hydrogen. Hydrogen sulfide or disilane was used to obtain n-type doping; diethylzinc was used for p-type doping. A comparative structure was grown with the same general structure and by the same process, but it lacked the AlGaInAs barrier layer 34.
After the inventive and comparative structures were grown, they were both subjected to a planar regrowth process typical of forming a buried MQW heterostructure waveguide. Then, the quantum-well structure was tested for its photoluminescence, both before and after the regrowth. The results are shown in TABLE 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Photoluminescence Peak Before Regrowth Blue Shift (nm) (nm)______________________________________Inventive 1515 0-2ExampleComparative 1515 13.6-23.2Example______________________________________
These data show that the blue shift of the 1515 nm peak was reduced by almost a factor of ten by use of the invention.
The invention allows the blue shift to be localized to selected areas of the opto-electronic integrated circuit. Such a process is particularly useful for integrating both lasers and modulators onto the same OEIC, the two elements requiring somewhat different peaks in the MQW emission spectra. Similar selective blue shifting has been described by Francis et al. in "Selective band-gap blueshifting of InGaAsP/InGaAs(P) quantum wells by thermal intermixing with phosphorus pressure and dielectric capping," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 75, 1994, pp. 3507-3510 and by Hamoudi et al. in "Controlled disordering of compressively strained InGaAsP multiple quantum well under SiO:P encapsulant and application to laser-modulator integration," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 78, 1995, pp. 5638-5641. The selective blue shifting of the invention provides more flexibility than that of the process described by Aoki et al., ibid., in achieving different characteristic wavelengths in integrated lasers and modulators.
According to the invention, the selective localization of the blue shift is accomplished by patterning one or more barrier layers. A sixth embodiment of the invention utilizing localized blue shifting, illustrated in cross section in FIG. 8, differs from the second embodiment of FIG. 4 in that a bottom AlGaInAs barrier layer 60 partially underlying an InP buffer layer 62 beneath the quantum-well structure 36, 38 is patterned into two sets of regions 64, 66. Except for the patterning, the barrier layer 60 is same as barrier layer 34 of FIG. 4 and the buffer layer 62 is the same as buffer layer 32 of FIG. 4, but the buffer layer 62 additionally acts as a planarizing layer to smoothly cover the apertured barrier layer 60. The first set of regions 64 include the barrier layer 60 and thus experience minimal blue shift; however, the barrier layer 60 does not does extend into the second region 66, which thus experiences substantial blue shifting.
A related seventh embodiment of the invention patterns a barrier only above the quantum wells. As illustrated in cross section in FIG. 9, the quantum-well structure 36, 38 is grown directly on the InP buffer layer 32 with no underlying barrier layer. Instead a barrier layer 68 having the physical characteristics of the barrier layer 34 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is deposited and patterned so that the barrier layer 68 exists in first regions 70 but is absent in a second region 72. An InP capping layer 74 is deposited over the patterned barrier layer to both protect the underlying structure and to planarize its upper surface.
In the seventh embodiment, the barrier layer 68 in the first regions 70 prevents the further upward migration of the species responsible for the blue shift, which are relatively free to migrate upwardly from the InP substrate 30. Hence, the species accumulate in the quantum-well structure 36, 38 within the first regions 70 and a large blue shift is observed there. However, in the second region 72 unprotected by an upper barrier, the blue shifting species migrate through the quantum-well structure 36, 38 and continue upwardly from there. Hence, some of the blue shifting species remain in the second region 72 but to a lesser amount than in the first regions 74. Therefore, there is some blue shift in the second region 72 but less than the blue shift in the first regions 70.
Although the patterned cross sections of FIGS. 8 and 9 show a fairly narrow aperture in the barrier, a particularly useful application of the patterned blue shifting using fairly large patterning and includes a MQW diode laser positioned within the lower-energy, less blue-shifted region and an MQW optical modulator positioned within the higher-energy, more blue-shifted region.
Although the examples and described embodiments of the invention have included multiple quantum-wells, the invention can be applied to structures with single quantum wells and other devices requiring very thin semiconductor layers where the thickness is critical.
Although the quantum wells of the described embodiments have been incorporated into a buried heterostructure laser waveguide, the invention is not so limited. Optical MQW structures can be formed in a number of configurations and for different uses, for example, the described optical modulators. Indeed, quantum wells can be advantageously used in non-optical electrical circuits.
The invention thus provides an easy and economical method of reducing the blue shift in quantum-well devices. For unpatterned barriers, an extra deposition step is required for each barrier layer or sub-layer, but the extra growth incurs little penalty. For patterned barriers, an extra step of lithographically defining the barrier layer is required, but two regions of differing bandgap are thereby obtained.
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VIEWS: 16 PAGES: 1 CATEGORY: Other POSTED ON: 1/3/2012
Laser Skin Solutions Jacksonville and Jacksonville toenail fungus therapy professional, Dr. Jill Lezaic, offer relief from the symptoms of onychomycosis with painless and effective laser therapy. Treated nails grow out symptom and fungus free.
Jacksonville Laser Authority, Dr. Jill Lezaic, Provides Safe And Effective Toenail Fungus Therapy Jacksonville, FL, 03-JANUARY-2012 - Laser Skin Solutions Jacksonville and Dr. Jill Lezaic, Jacksonville toenail fungus therapy professional, are pleased to announce relief for the symptoms of onychomycosis or toenail fungus. The condition causes the nails to thicken, chip and turn yellow. It is unattractive and it is painful. The therapy is done by an application of laser heat. Using the laser tool and causing the nail bed and the deep layers of the nail itself to be gently heated kills off the organisms that make up the symptoms of toenail fungus. The laser equipment is safe and effective. When the fungus is destroyed, the nail gradually grows out looking healthy and free of the organism. The doctor assures patients that usually a single session is required to destroy the fungus that is causing the nails to become brittle and thicken. The typical procedure requires about half an hour to perform. There is only minimal discomfort for most patients. A brief break of seconds during the process will allow any heat buildup to dissipate. Learn more about the symptoms and therapy for toenail fungus (onychomycosis) by checking out the website at http://www.lssjacksonville.com today. Members of the press and others who have questions about the procedures or success rates for techniques described in this press release may contact Dr. Lezaic at the location presented below. Contact Person Name: Dr. Jill Lezaic Company Name: Laser Skin Solutions Jacksonville Address: 1300 Marsh Landing Parkway #104, Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250 Contact Telephone Number: (904) 273-5454 Email: email@example.com Website: http://www.lssjacksonville.com
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From USA Today
Updated 12:15 a.m. PDT
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Find events happening in your region.
Conservation Week will be held on 1-8 November 2015.
Find out about national events including public awareness events.
DOC presents awards to acknowledge community involvement in conservation.
February 2 is World Wetlands Day. The theme for 2015 is Wetlands for our future.
October is Save Kiwi Month. Find out how you can save a kiwi today.
March is Whio Awareness Month — promoting awareness of our iconic blue duck.
Get your kids ready for an incredible adventure. Enter the competition and win a Great Walks experience.
Find activities you can do outdoors, in your garden and with children.


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NEW ORLEANS (AP) — Two BP rig supervisors and a former BP executive pleaded not guilty Wednesday to criminal charges stemming from the deadly Deepwater Horizon rig explosion and the company's response to the massive 2010 spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
BP well site leaders Robert Kaluza and Donald Vidrine, along with former BP vice president of exploration for the Gulf David Rainey, remained free on bond following their arraignments in federal court.
Kaluza and Vidrine are charged with manslaughter in the deaths of 11 rig workers. They are accused of disregarding abnormally high pressure readings that should have been glaring indications of trouble just before the blowout of BP's Macondo well.
Rainey was charged separately with concealing information from Congress about the amount of oil that was leaking from the well. Millions of gallons of crude oil spewed from BP's well for months.
Kaluza professed his innocence on his way into court, making his first public comments since the April 2010 explosion that killed his co-workers.
"I think about the tragedy of the Deepwater Horizon every day," Kaluza told reporters. "But I did not cause this tragedy. I am innocent and I put my trust, reputation and future in the hands of the judge and the jury."
Kaluza and Vidrine's lawyers both accused the Justice Department of using their clients as scapegoats. They noted that other government investigations have spread out the blame for the disaster and concluded it was the product of a complex series of mistakes, made both onshore and on the rig.
"Bob and Don did their jobs," said Shaun Clarke, one of Kaluza's attorneys. "They did them correctly and they did them in accordance with their training."
Robert Habans, one of Vidrine's lawyers, said his client diligently followed instructions he received from engineers and others onshore.
"He's not the architect or the engineer. He didn't design the well, and he didn't make the critical decisions in this case," Habans said.
The case against Kaluza and Vidrine centers on their roles in supervising "negative testing," which is designed to assess whether a cement barrier is effectively preventing oil or gas from flowing up the well. The indictment says they had "multiple indications" from the negative testing that the well wasn't secure. Yet they allegedly failed to alert onshore engineers about the problems during the testing, accepted a "nonsensical explanation" for abnormal pressure readings and eventually decided to stop investigating.
Continue reading this story on the...


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Home Helpers of San Mateo is the most respected and trusted local provider of in-home senior care and support for people in their homes, retirement communities, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities.
We also help individuals who are recovering from surgery, injury, or dealing with a long term illness, or condition like Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's, or ALS.
We Offer These Senior Home Care Services:
Grocery Shopping and Errands
Meal Planning and Preparation
Medication Reminders
Laundry and Light Housekeeping
Transportation Services - doctor, errands, etc.
Help Organize Household
Go out for Walks and other Outings
Provide Companionship and Fellowship
Our Personal Care Services Include:
Assistance with Bathing, Showering, Sponge Bath
Assistance with Dressing and Undressing
Ambulation and Transfers from bed to chair, etc.
Incontinence Care and Toileting
Personal Hygiene Needs
We can help with hourly caregiver visits, or provide round-the-clock care. We also provide support to Home Health Care, Palliative Care, and Hospice Care.
Home Helpers of San Mateo Awarded 2015 Best of Home Care!
Home Helpers of San Mateo has received both the Best of Home Care Provider of Choice Award and the Employer of Choice Award from Home Care Pulse. These are awarded to only the top ranking home care providers, based on client and caregiver satisfaction scores gathered by Home Care Pulse. Home Helpers of San Mateo is now ranked among a small handful of home care providers across the country who have proven their ability to provide an exceptional working experience to employees, and the highest quality care to clients.
"We want to congratulate Home Helpers of San Mateo on receiving both the Best of Home Care Provider of Choice Award and the Best of Home Care Employer of Choice Award," says Aaron Marcum, CEO and founder of Home Care Pulse. "Since these awards are based on real, unfiltered feedback from clients and caregivers, Home Helpers of San Mateo has proven their dedication to providing a great work environment and solid training to employees, while maintaining their focus on client satisfaction. We are pleased to recognize their dedication to quality, professionalism and expertise in home care."
• What Makes Home Helpers Home Care Different?
Our owners meet with every client and their family to learn about their specific care requirements.
We personally introduce our caregivers to our clients.
We work very hard to ensure that our senior clients receive care services from the same caregiver each visit.
We will work within your budget, and with your Long Term Care Insurance provider.
• Our Core Values Guide our Daily Work:
We Provide Compassionate Care to all our Clients
We are Respectful, Responsive and Reliable
We Work as a Team
We Choose to be Kind in Words and Actions
• Senior Home Care Services are Widely Available:
Our services are available in the following cities: San Mateo, Hillsborough, Burlingame, San Carlos, San Bruno, Belmont, Millbrae, Redwood City, Menlo Park, Half Moon Bay and Pacifica. Call us if you need care in other cities, and we'll happily help you.


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Executive Secretary Training Programs and Courses
Executive secretaries, also known as executive administrative assistants, support senior personnel in businesses and organizations by performing clerical and organizational tasks. Duties include greeting clients, scheduling appointments, managing correspondence and preparing reports. On-the-job experience and administrative training gained through certificate and degree programs allow candidates to develop the requisite office technology and computer application skills.
Training Requirements and Recommendations
At a minimum, a high school diploma or GED certificate is required of those seeking executive secretary positions. Many employers, however, prefer candidates with some college-level education in a related field. Relevant certificate and associate's degree programs in business administrative technology are available and provide field-specific skills training.
Previous administrative assistant experience is also necessary but may be balanced against any higher education attained. Employers require knowledge of standard office equipment and Microsoft Office applications, as well as candidates with exceptional written and verbal communication skills. Additionally, some may demand a minimum typing speed, usually of at least 60 words per minute.
Formal Education
Aspiring executive secretaries seeking formal training in the field may enroll in certificate or associate's degree programs designed for those interested in pursuing administrative support careers. Employers requiring that applicants possess a bachelor's degree generally do not stipulate a required field of study.
Administrative Assistant Certificate
Administrative assistant certificate programs prepare students for entry-level secretarial positions which may put candidates on the path to future executive secretary jobs. Certificate programs in the field typically take one year to complete, although some colleges may offer relevant short-term certificate programs through continuing education divisions.
Programs provide training in word processing and desktop publishing, as well as database and spreadsheet management. Courses for the administrative assistant certificate also cover subjects including:
- Keyboarding
- Interpersonal relations
- Customer service
- Office procedures
- Accounting basics
Associate of Applied Science in Business Administrative Technology
Associate's degree programs in business administrative technology require about two years of study. Some community colleges offer specializations tailored to prospective executive administrative assistants. Students develop organizational, communication and research skills. In addition to completing training in Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel and Outlook, students may take general education courses in psychology or sociology. An office-based internship may be incorporated into the curriculum. Other common courses in the program address:
- Composition
- Business mathematics
- Records management
- Business communications
- Office administration and skills
- Machine transcription
Job Experience
Many companies expect that executive secretary applicants possess at least 3-5 years of administrative experience, and some employers stipulate that part of this requirement be comprised of administrative experience under an executive. Graduates of associate's degree programs may already have some work experience under their belt through built-in college internships, possibly comprised of both on-campus and off-site practical training in an office setting.
Numerous entry-level administrative assistant positions are available to those who hold a GED or high school diploma and provide aspiring executive secretaries background experience, allowing them to develop the multi-tasking, communication and office technology application skills necessary to climb the professional ladder.
Licenses and Certifications
Neither a license nor certification is required to practice as an executive secretary. However, employers often look favorably upon any voluntary certifications earned. The International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP) administers two broadly applicable credentials.
Certified Professional Secretary (CPS)
Applicants for this certification must pass a 3-part examination focusing on office technology and systems, administration and management. Candidates without a degree must have at least four years of administrative experience, while applicants who hold an associate's or a bachelor's degree need three or two years of work experience, respectively.
Certified Administrative Professional (CAP)
Certified Administrative Professional candidates must pass a 4-part exam covering the three subject areas included in the CSP test, as well as a section on advanced organizational management. Prerequisites for the CAP credential are the same as for the CSP designation.
Workshops and Seminars
Professional organizations in the field offer multi-day workshops and seminars for executive and administrative personnel covering topics such as management and leadership skills. Single-day seminars at satellite locations are also offered and address topics including business writing and minute taking. Additionally, online seminars, known as webinars, are available and focus on such issues as diversity and professional communication.
Additional Professional Development
Also available through professional administrative organizations are opportunities for continuing education, offered online or through self-study modules. Coursework may address time management, space planning, office professionalism, presentation skills and information management.
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- Setting Up Your Classroom for Study.com Screenings


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Join us for a presentation of Through Our Eyes: Visual Stories of the Richmond Neighborhood, a pilot project recently completed at the Richmond branch. Amateur photographers documented the lives of some of their neighbors, creating a visual snapshot of life in the Richmond in 2013. Photojournalist Frederic Larson will present some of the stories and a video documenting the students' "neighborhood shoot" on November 23. Refreshments will be provided.
Upcoming Events
- Angel Azul
- Tuesday, April 21, 2015Main Library, Koret Auditorium
Current Exhibits
- Art Teachers of SFUSD Exhibit
- Through Friday, May 1, 2015Main Library, Art, Music & Recreation Center
- Primitive No More:
- Through Thursday, July 9, 2015Main Library, African American Center


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Lifting big weight's cool and all, but lifting weight well is Zach Morris status (apologies in advance to A.C. Slater). Challenge yourself, but preserve form here, which means not jerking the weight up, and not leaning back. Who wins with you cheating?
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15 posts tagged with alcoholism and alcohol.
Displaying 1 through 15 of 15. Subscribe:
One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer x3. And then one other thing, too.
Washington Post's Wonkblog, leveraging data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and economics and public policy professor Philip J. Cook's "Paying the Tab" looks at how much Americans drink. 30% of Americans don't drink at all. Another 30% consume fewer than one drink per week. To be in the top 10% of American, you'd need to drink the equivalent of 74 drinks per week, every week, or a little over 10 drinks per day.
Why I Feel OK About Falling Off The Wagon After Years Of Sobriety
My elevator pitch for ending sobriety had been "moderate social drinking without ever blacking out again."
Inspiration for Imbibation
Some genius realized two great tastes that go together are Motivational Phrases and Alcohol Posters.
Barbet Schroeder's "Barfly"
Roger Ebert on the set of Barfly. [more inside]
"Everyone is going to keep drinking, it's probably going to kill them, and no one's going to talk them out of it"
The men at this St. Paul 'wet house' don't want your help, or your hope. And they won't get better. It's a place where the most hopeless of alcoholics can drink away their final days at less risk and cost to the public. [via] [more inside]
The Legend of Black Superman
Billy Ray Bates, in his words, was "an average player who can do fantastic things. After flaming out in the NBA, he became a legend in Phillippine Basketball Association.> [more inside]
Hitting bottom
On 200 mg a day of baclofen, in an important meeting with several associate deans of my college and three new department chairs (I was made chair of my philosophy department just a few weeks before I tried to commit suicide), I fell asleep with my head on the conference room table and, for 40 minutes, everyone was too embarrassed to wake me. Somnolence is the most obvious and inconvenient side effect of baclofen. I reduced my dosage to 100 mg a day, and started taking it only at bedtime. A few days later, a colleague asked if I had changed my medicine. 'Yes,' I told her. 'Why do you ask?' She is German, an analytic philosopher, and therefore very direct: 'You are drooling less than you were.'My Life as a Drunk is a searingly honest essay by novelist and philosophy professor Clancy Martin about his experiences with alcoholism, AA, valium and baclofen.
Animal Planet investigates alcoholism in monkeys
Scenes from 'Withnail & I' on the YouTube
Withnail & I on the YouTube:
Concerning film maker Bruce Robinson
Withnail & I - The Screenplay
Withnail & I locations, Withnail and I quotes and picturesand...
Kids, don't try this at home!--Regarding the Withnail & I drinking game
Drinking the Lighter FluidWithnail & I - A review, Sanjek on Withnail and I
In the tearoom
Withnail and Danny argue about drugs
Withnail and the Telephone Box
Monty and I
Withnail's monologue in the rain
Concerning film maker Bruce Robinson
Withnail & I - The Screenplay
Withnail & I locations, Withnail and I quotes and picturesand...
Kids, don't try this at home!--Regarding the Withnail & I drinking game
Once, during Prohibition, I was forced to live for days on nothing but food and water. ~ W.C. Fields
Poitin, Hjemmebrent, and Slivovitz are all vying to be the next Absinthe. Though Poitin gets extra points for being banned by a 17th century monarch, they are all part of the very trendy, very quaffable moonshine revival.
BWI -Blogging While Intoxicated... a little less dangerous than DWI, for the most part ... Can you discern a DWI rant from a sober one? What makes many famous writers alcholics? ... and somebody compiled an Amazon list of Top 13 Works of Fiction Dealing with Alcoholism ... .... hick ....
Drinking Will Crack You Up
Hello to you, my name is Liquor Control Bee (wav). Meet L.C. Bee -- his songs are sure to keep your kids uncrunked. Part of an elite cabal of juvenile moralizers, L.C. Bee is currently collaborating on an album with Daren the D.A.R.E lion (WAV). These kids today, you know.
shoshenmerningersdavis, jackassnm
A returned U.K. expat on English drinking's sharp increase.
(supporting study with female subjects) (the gov's counterintuitive but well-researched solution)
Brits: any accuracy to the concerns?
(supporting study with female subjects) (the gov's counterintuitive but well-researched solution)
Brits: any accuracy to the concerns?
England Hooligans On Tour
It's time to send the team home: "England has bred a contemporary culture of immoderation at every level, with particular reference to drinking and fighting. The recent Panorama programme on weekend binge-drinking in city centres provided a wake-up call, as should the novelist Andrew O'Hagan's admirable essay on current British attitudes to masculinity, reprinted in yesterday's G2." (via The Guardian)
Different Reasons For Pride In One's Country
Portugal: Officially the greediest, laziest and most drunken country in the West. What dubious, highly debatable sources of pride do you attribute to your own country?
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Date: 2003-02-14
Description: "JD's Fieldhouse, at 7641 Highway 38 in Caledonia, WI, was highly touted for their Fish Fries in Dennis Getto, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Restaurant Revi...
Photographs of Public Libraries in Wisconsin
Date: 1908
Description: Outdoor group portrait of the Racine Chapter of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks wearing suits, hats with oversized brims with large flower deco...
Date: 1927-07
Description: On-lookers survey a wreck on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway.
Date: 1968
Description: View of the Golden Rondelle with the Johnson Wax Research Tower in the background taken from the northeast corner of Franklin and 14th Streets.There is a p...
Description: A map of the town of Raymond.
Date: date unknown
Description: Colorized postcard of the Scourged Christ, St. Francis Monastery and College. The statue is behind bars, in front of a stone wall. On the right is a staine...
Description: Racine Map key.
Date: 1935 ca.
Description: Tapered columns in the Johnson Wax Building during construction. Workmen are working on scaffolding built around one of the columns. The building was desig...
Date: 1905
Description: Monument Square.
Description: Construction of the Johnson Wax Building.
Description: The locomotive "D.K. Bush," which was built in the Racine shops of the Western Union Railroad in 1879, the same year in which the line came into the posses...
Date: 1888
Description: View looking northwest from Racine City Hall.
Description: Exterior view of the Hall building, located on the northwest corner of Main and 5th Streets.
Date: 1932
Description: View of Lake Michigan from Memorial Hall.
Description: Copy of artist's rendering of exterior view of a proposed Carnegie Branch Library in Racine. At bottom center it reads: "Design For Proposed, Carnegie Bran...
Description: View from Lake Michigan towards the shoreline at Racine looking southwest.
Date: 1939 ca.
Description: Elevated view of harbor, boats, and factories.
Description: Boy standing below the Golden Rondelle with the Johnson Wax Research Tower in the background. Workers on scaffolding can be seen on the tower in the distan...
Date: 1910
Description: Exterior view of a Racine Public Library with several patrons standing on the front steps.
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|Send baby gifts to welcome the new arrival. Let's face it, new babies make everything a little softer, a little sweeter and a lot more loving. Find adorable baby shower gifts, new baby gift ideas and presents for a baby girl, baby boy, triplet's, twins and don't forget the new mom.
Best Baby Shower PoemsSweet, funny, loving baby poems to welcome the new arrival and honor the birth mother or mother to be.
Baby poems and baby shower poems can express any sentiment. Whether sweet, funny, or loving, poems are an ideal way to say what�s on your heart. And if you need some help with what to say, online you can find everything you�re looking for having to do with poems and baby shower poems.
Anyone can write a baby poem, and everyone enjoys reading them, young and old. Poems are wonderful to include on baby shower invitations or birth announcements. Baby shower poems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly don�t have to.
Poems can be either long or short, but short is probably best for your typical baby shower needs. Poems can be sentimental, sappy or sweet. Poems can be original and creative or standard and more traditional. Don�t hesitate to add a little humor as well!
Either way, all baby shower poems are appropriate for welcoming the newborn and honoring the birth mother or mother to be.
The people who are most often touched by poems are those who have had children themselves. Sweet poems can remind them of the time when their little ones were still young.
No one will appreciate them more than the family members themselves. If you are a creative writer or have a special talent for putting words together in a special way, then you should try writing your own baby shower poems. This would make a great gift idea as well.
If you really like the poem you�ve written, it can be framed and displayed as a wonderful memento or keepsake. Years later when the baby has grown, think of how special they will feel knowing the words that were written were just for them.
Sample Poems
Baby Shower:
Special people all around
Love and happiness abound
Babies, presents, cake, flower
Thank you for the baby shower
Thanks for all the work you�ve done
To welcome our new precious son
Baby Poem:
Teeny, tiny little toes
Small and round little nose
A precious gift from heaven above
My sweet baby that I love
We�ve longed to see you face to face
And we�ve prepared a special place
Just for you, our baby
If you are not the creative type � don�t worry! There are lots of places that you can look online for poems to say just the thing you want to say.
Poems have been written on all subjects throughout the ages, and baby poems and baby shower poems are no exception. A quick search online doesn�t have to take any time at all.
But if you decide to write your own baby poems, even common things can inspire you. Inspiration can be found anywhere. Look to your own memories from the past. What was special about your childhood?
What special object have you treasured over the years? What words of wisdom or advice could you pass on to the next generation? Look around the house and imagine a baby being there. What do you see, hear, or feel?
Let those thoughts be the source of your best baby poems. You do not have to write like Shakespeare, you just have to be sincere.
There are also poems for saying thank you to the guests for coming to the shower, and thanking them for the gifts they may have given.
Common baby poem themes are often safety, peace, love and happiness. When a baby is born, it is a time to reflect on the meaning of life and what is really important in life. Whether you are religious or not, baby poems can be written as simple prayers or encouragement.
Who hasn�t heard the famous lines � �Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray the Lord my soul to keep�? Baby poems have been the source of many needlepoint crafts and have been given as cherished baby gifts and will continue to be for years to come. Why not add baby shower poems or baby poems to your next newborn celebration?
Elephants are beloved animals and this baby gift set of board books and plush elephant makes for an adorable baby gift. Elephant wiggle waggles book lets baby move the elephants ears and mouth and also has tactile pages for more sensory exploration. Elephant Baby Gift Box arrives wrapped in cellophane and decorated with a bow.
Send this beloved storybook gift set perfect for sharing with little ones, again and again and again. This gift is filled with giggles for little ones and parents as the night watchman is followed home by all the zoo animals. Gift includes an adorable soft plush gorilla the perfect companion for reading this book. Your storybook gift set arrives in a cellophane bag topped with a bow.
An adorable bunny themed baby book gift basket includes popular bunny books such as The Runaway Bunny, I am a Bunny, I Love You, Honey Bunny plus a sweet plush bunny friend for baby to cuddle with. Beautiful baby gift basket arrives wrapped in clear cellophane and topped with a bow.
Send that adorable baby all your love. Gift basket includes touch and feel board books plus enchanting first word picture books full of warm hugs and kisses for babies and toddlers. Little ones will love to play along with their favorite animals, soothing rhymes, engaging illustrations and plush teddy bear.
Busy Baby Gift Box featuring Sophie the Giraffe interactive board books is a wonderful gift to start baby's first library. CONTENTS: Let's Get Counting with Sophie the Giraffe board book. Lift the flap Peekaboo Sophie board book. Touch and feel Sophie's Busy Day board book. Learn colors with Sophie in Colors lift the flap board book. Plush 11" giraffe. Your Busy Baby Gift Box comes in a paperboard box wrapped in cellophane and decorated with a curling ribbon bow.
Surprise and congratulate the proud new parents on the arrival of their precious new baby with this keepsake gift trunk. A handsome wooden trunk, with etched bronze detailing, arrives filled with an assortment of delicious snack treats for new mom and dad to enjoy during this exciting celebration.
A charming collection of new baby gifts including a unique Baby Sign Language kit, keepsakes and yummy treats for the proud parents. Available in blue or pink.
An adorable baby girl gift basket featuring an ultra-fabulous collection of gifts for both the new baby girl and the well-deserving mommy. Includes soft cuddly gifts, pretty stylish girly gifts, and pampering spa items for the new mom.
Send this baby boy gift basket loaded with great gifts and endearing keepsakes that will be remembered well after the precious baby boy is all grown up. This adorable baby boys gift trunk arrives with all the cool boy stuff a boy needs from baby through boyhood.
This beautiful new baby gift basket, adorned with life like floral accents and bow, contains baby gifts, keepsakes plus special treats for Mom and Dad. (2 sizes - available in pink or blue)
This extremely deluxe baby gift basket includes the highest quality baby gifts including ultra plush, stuffed toys, classic hardcover "I'll Love You Forever" book, soft Sherpa blanket, special treats for Mom and Dad and much more. An extraordinary baby gift that is sure to be loved by baby and appreciated by parents.
Let them know how truly happy you are for the birth of their precious new baby boy. Send this large gift trunk filled with a big super soft teddy bear, baby toys, keepsake hand and footprint molding kits, Lullaby CD and a collection of wonderful presents for the happy family.
Our adorable baby boy gift basket is a wonderful way to say Congratulations to the proud new parents on the birth of their precious new baby boy!
Also available in pink for baby girl.
Looking for a baby girl gift that's sure to be talked about for years? Send this baby girl gift basket loaded with adorable cow themed gift items. This one-of-a-kind, not-to-be-forgotten, baby girl gift basket is just so incredibly adorable. Everyone will be raving about this one.
Tutu cute is right! This baby girl gift basket arrives filled with gifts for the new baby girl, keepsakes, unique treasures and special gifts for the proud new parents. It even includes baby girl's own adorable little tutu. They will be dancing for joy over this special gift for their budding ballerina.
Send congratulations and best wishes to the new baby and parents. Includes baby gifts plus tasty snacks for the new parents.
Send congratulations and best wishes to the new baby girl and parents. Includes baby gifts plus tasty snacks for the new parents.
Surprise the mom and her new baby! Let them know just how much you care with this precious new baby gift basket. includes plush baby elephant and soft, cloth blocks for tiny hands, piggy bank, cookies, peanut crunch, caramels, organic chai tea and more. This darling baby basket is available in pink for baby girl or blue for baby boy.
This super sweet baby gift basket is a wonderful way to say Congratulations to the proud new parents on the birth of their new baby girl! Also available in blue for baby boy.


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What are you working on? 10/22
What is everyone up to?
I need to get photos of my candy corn bowl fillers, hopefully will get to that today. That's about all I've done. I painted a barstool and over the sink shelf in the kitchen black and then distressed them last night. Nothing fancy, though.
I am looking forward to seeing your candy corn bowl fillers Sweets, I'll check back later today for them.
You have probably seen my witch and frankie post on here--finally got something cut out and painted. Have all these things I want to do but seem to be so slooooow about actually getting anything done!
I found this plant stand a few months ago at the TS and thought I'd try to make it into a cup/saucer holder and then put candles in the cups. Was lucky enough to find some matching cups and saucers and just coordinated the other set. I'm looking for ideas on how to spruce it up. Maybe paint, lace, rose swag? Any suggestions for me?
I didn't get to sewing up the bottoms of the candy corn yet but I figured I should just take a photo now so I don't forget...
giftguru, are you talking about the pumpkins with the holes drilled in them with lights poking through? I got a small set of lights yesterday and thought I could drill holes in the pumpkin candy bucket that I have outside for a decoration! I haven't gotten to really starting it but I should soon. After all, Halloween is FAST approaching!
Sweets98 love your candy corn soo cute!
Been trying my hand at painting, you painters would get a big laugh at my way of painting!
frist is a old poster frame had that plastice stuff for glass, hubby cut me the window thing, been wanting to try my hand at the window paintings I see done so cute! so heres my try at it, I call it ( Wishing For Snow! ) what do you think ?
second photo I started last year and just finished today, dont know what the wood thing is suppose to be, wood is thin and its about a foot and a half tall, saw this snowman and thought it would work perfect! I did atleast change the wording on the hat LOL!
Have also been working on some treats with the GKs, I will post photos when we are done.
Happy Crafting
Oddie~ you've been holding out on us with the painting. You keep this up and you'd better come join us over on the decorative painting forum!! ha They look really great!! I love snowmen.
giftguru and barb~ hope to see your pumpkins soon.
Sweets~ your candy corns look great. I like that little trick or treat stitcheroo too.
I have company visiting this week but hope to get down to business next week with some projects. Ya'll keep up the good work!! ~Anj
Sweet98 sorry and thank you! I didnt mean you would laugh at my paintings, you are all to nice for that! what I ment was my technique of painting,I do dry brushing, and wet brushing for my fourm of blending, some day I will check out all the cool painting supplies that are out there! oh! I have been trying for years LOL!
Thanks barb from pa, just keep trying! you never know what you can do!
anjabee thank you! you made me laugh! I will join you on the painting fourm, but to tell you all what beautiful projects I see
there, and maybe share some info I might happen to know, I will keep trying, I found two of those cute hard suitcases at a yard sale in perfect shape, need to get with luvs and find out a few things of how she done hers.
Happy Crafting
Oddie, I 2nd what Anj said! And you keep saying you can't paint! Gal, that is PAINTING and darn good too. ;o)
Love those happy snowmen. You need to post them in the Gallery on the Painting forum too.
Dry brushing IS a painting technique and trust me, most of us figure out the easiest way to get the results we want.
My favorite part of the few classes I got to take was all the little tips and shortcuts she told us. She was a "crafty" painter too, so not so interested in techniques as some regular teachers are. One of those tips for the ones who had a hard time doing the shading was just to "dry brush" the area until they got the amount of paint they needed to look like shading. My other favorite tip from her was the alcohol on a q-tip gently rubbed on the piece to take the top layer of paint off. Don't like the color you used? Just gently remove it and do it over. Got a blob where it shouldn't be? Grab the alcohol and q-tip. Great tip. ;o) Because of her easy going attitude, I kept at it and developed a passion for it that I never would have if she had made it too complicated.
Who cares about whether it's the "right" way or not--if it turned out good and makes you happy, its RIGHT.
Lucky you to find those suitcases. Wanna come over to Painting and we will talk about what you want to do with them? Or you can send me an email from my page if you prefer.
Sweet98 and luvs, you guys are so right! guess painting like any craft done to make you happy is whats right,I just see all the great painting you all do, no classes here to take, I am hands on mostly I lose it when I have to follow direction and it gets to complicated, I will keep your tips in mind for my next project.
Not ready to start on the suitecases yet, I found a painting book with a cute snow man laying down with his head resting on a birdhouse, if I ask now I will forget all I want to know LOL! thanks you guys are the best!


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Man killed in vehicle-school bus crash near Redby
REDBY, Minn. -- A 41-year-old California man was killed in a head-on collision with a school bus Tuesday morning on the Red Lake Indian Reservation.
According to a release, at 7:31 a.m., the Red Lake Department of Public Safety responded to the motor vehicle-school bus crash on Minnesota Highway 1 near Redby, Minn.
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Crowne Plaza Chengdu City Center
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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TravelPod Member ReviewsCrowne Plaza Chengdu City Center
Crowne Plaza in Chengdu has much to live upto, staff were poor in understanding English.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
We arrive at the crown plaza after we checked out from previous hotel that we selected on line and was not at all what it looked like.
Once we arrive here, comparatively to where we were, all seems much better.
The hotel is clean, rooms are not great but decent, staff doesn't speak a good english but they tried to be helpful.
we can find better local food in the area that at the chinese restaurant. there are also a japanese restaurant and an international option, but we didn't try them. Breakfast buffet was very average and mainly offered chinese food.
swimming pool is average and small and gym and spa were under renovation so we could't enjoy these facilities.
it is a good option for this price range.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
TripAdvisor Reviews Crowne Plaza Chengdu City Center
Travel Blogs from Chengdu
Panda Research Centre
... rearing . The centre is also a world leader for research and conservation with the ultimate aim of releasing additional (3 released so far) pandas back into the wild.
K had done her research and we knew we had to be there early, so alarms were set for 6 am and taxi for 7. Having travelled over 6500 miles from UK to the middle of China, we were not going to drop another clanger on travel arrangements.
The Chengdu Centre owns ...
Change of venue
... The guide said that depending on the last digit of your license plate you can't drive your car!!! You are also not allowed to take a left hand turn because it is too crazy. And for some reason dogs are only allowed out for walks after 5pm. Must be too many dogs, too! Actually, they think some dogs might be dangerous and there are so many people that they must protect them???
Quiet day/night...Cia and I are hiding in our room drinking wine:)
Stop 5
... hostel was called lazybones and it looked like a chilled out hostel.
1st day we didn't do too much as we where shattered from are train journey. Arrived late afternoon so grabbed food and chilled.
2nd day was an early start. Got up and caught the number 1 bus then a 198 to arrive at the Panda centre. It was 58yuan(�5.80) which was a good price considering some other attractions. Inside was good, seen a few Giant Pandas and ...
Will they let me bring a panda home on the plane?
... Personally I was not blown away by the Buddha experience. It wasn't the cute, happy fat Buddha guy that we in the West are accustomed to seeing. But the temple and surroundings were pleasant.
For dinner we went to the local night market to explore the street stalls. This I loved! Veggie tofu/noodles for 10 yuen, squid on a stick for 5 yuen, fried dough balls in sugar for 3 yuen. Beautiful red lanterns and glowing red ...
Night at the Chinese Opera
... managed to find a tea house next to the temple. Lots of people drinking tea, chatting and playing some game or other. Seems that Chengdu has a lot of tea houses around the place and the thing to do is to just hang out and while away the day.
Took a short break here and ate my dumplings while watching the people below me. Once again wandered around the temple again through a few more buildings before making my way into the park next door which had lots and lots ...


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This fan-made Super Smash Bros. trailer looks official
Content creator Dean Wright has posted a new video on his YouTube, and it's pretty damn awesome if you're a Smash Bros. or Mario fan. The clip involves Mario (in his Smash Bros. style) running through Tokyo, "jumping into battle" at the Smash Bros. stadium in a tardy fashion.
There's not much else that can be said about the trailer -- it's well-made, it looks official, and it's a nice little homage to Mario and crew.
Sakurai: Mewtwo DLC done, almost time for release
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Marth amiibo resurrects in April
7:30 PM on 03.02.2015
Rumor: Ness amiibo leaked, selling on Chinese auction site
6:30 PM on 02.28.2015
Club Nintendo Super Smash Bros. soundtrack offer delayed in Australia
9:30 AM on 02.26.2015
That free Super Smash Bros. Club Nintendo soundtrack is starting to ship
11:00 AM on 02.24.2015
Nintendo lowers MSRP for three amiibo
12:00 PM on 02.22.2015
Last week's top stories, now in handy haiku form
5:30 PM on 02.17.2015
Watch Villager pocket all of the moves in Super Smash Bros. Wii U
10:00 AM on 02.17.2015
Rumor: Rayman might be coming to Smash Bros.
11:00 PM on 02.14.2015
Super Smash Bros. for 3DS will get its amiibo update ahead of the New 3DS launch
8:00 AM on 02.09.2015
Super Smash Bros. Updates, Screenshots, & Videos
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ReefView Apartments
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Travel Blogs from Cades Bay
... an hour around Nelson's dockyard, I don't know why but I had expected to see maybe some old ships, maybe like Portsmouth at home, but apart from original buildings that had been restored and were being used for servicing yachts based there. I guess history has come full circle with tourism now providing Antigua with a major source of revenue and employment, the dockyard authorities have taken on a new dimension to create jobs for the youth of Antigua but still ...
Days 10-13: Antigua
... on going diving two days in a row. That plan seemed great, until my diving instructor provided very confusing directions on how to walk to our meeting spot in the morning that we ended up at completely different car parks…so diving did not happen that day but I got some great underwater impression the following day when we went on dives to The Pillars of Hercules and Nanton Point which were ...
What Did I Expect?
... several elders and other leaders interested in using the Emmaus courses. After a two hour meeting they concluded, "This is what we want." Their three weeks of camp begins this Sunday, so they agreed to have a meeting July 26 to begin to organize things. Then they got Jim's Skype name so that they could include him in their meeting and later include him in training the people who will work with, promote, and grade courses in ...
Cruising the north Atlantic
... quite good and there are several restaurants on board, however, we have noticed that unless you book the wait can be 30 minutes or more. After pre dinner drinks are enjoyed I do find that is not such a good thing. Drinking on an empty stomach effects sea legs, particularly when you are a power drinker like Stuart!
The pool area although large is very crowded. It is almost impossible to find a sun lounge prior to 2pm. I suspect a lot ...
Senior Moment Averted.
... things. There were some overdue roadworks taking place where my taxi driver informed me that the labourers were Cubans. If It's left to the locals "A road is fixed and den some a rain come and two car drive pon repair and de tarmac a gone.Cha!" Two cruise ships are in town and they dwarf the local harbour like giant monolithic blocks of flats on their sides. One of them carries 3300 passengers ...


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Stuart Boersma, Central Washington University professor of mathematics, has been honored with the award for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics from the Pacific Northwest section of the Mathematical Association of America (PNW-MAA). Boersma will receive the award at the upcoming regional meeting April 12-13 at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon.
"I'm deeply honored that my colleagues and students took the time to support the original nomination which led to this award," said Boersma.
The criteria for the award requires that the candidate:
• Be widely recognized as extraordinarily successful in their teaching
• Have documented teaching effectiveness
• Have influenced others through in their teaching outside their institution
• Foster curiosity and generate excitement about mathematics in their students.
Boersma received his bachelor of science in mathematics degree from the University of Puget Sound in 1988 and his PhD in mathematics from Oregon State University in 1994. He taught at Alfred University in western New York for six years before coming to CWU in 2000. In addition to the MAA teaching award, Boersma received the 2006 MAA Trevor Evans Award for "A Mathematician's Look at Foucault's Pendulum." The Trevor Evans Award goes to exceptional articles that are accessible to undergraduates and published in Math Horizons.
Boersma has led several workshops on "Teaching Quantitative Reasoning with the News" for college instructors as well as middle and secondary school teachers. He has served as chair and past chair of SIGMAA-QL (the Special Interest Group of the Mathematical Association of America on Quantitative Literacy) and is a co-author of "Case Studies for Quantitative Reasoning: A Casebook of Media Articles," with Bernie Madison, Caren Diefenderfer, and Shannon Dingman.
The PNW-MAA (sections.maa.org/pnw) is a regional section of the national Mathematical Association of America (www.maa.org), one of the two largest professional organizations of mathematicians. Established in 1915, the MAA currently has 20,000 members. The Pacific Northwest section is the largest geographically as it includes 10 states, provinces, and territories—Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Montana, parts of Idaho, British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut (Canada's northernmost territory).
Media Contact: Valerie Chapman-Stockwell, CWU Public Affairs, 509-963-1518,
CWU boasts one of the tallest indoor climbing walls in the Northwest. The recreation center hosts clHouse Budget Plan Funds Samuelson
One of the biggest winners in the state House Democrats' proposed 2015-17 capital budget on FridayCWU Volunteers Helping To Rebuild New Orleans
CWU volunteers, led by Joanne Perez, program manager, Center for Excellence in Leadership, spent sp