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Providing proactive, self-service problem resolution 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week, eHelp (Electronic Help) is an online first-level technical support resource for the Cal Poly Pomona campus community. It provides a central location for questions, resources, technical consulting and services related to campus.
It was created and is maintained within the Instructional & Information Technology (I&IT) Division.
Let us know how to improve eHelp.


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This is probably the BEST orange liqueur available. It is far smoother than Triple Sec, more complex than Cointreau, and richer than Grand Marnier, with a more natural orange essence than all three.
Royale Montaine is the best bargain on the planet in the quality orange liqueur/cognac department. It's not as heavy as Grand Mariner, but it still makes an excellent topper for a margarita equal to Cointreau at a fraction of the price. It's almost impossible to find in the store, and the prices here if you buy a case with free freight are incomparable!
Of the several orange infused cognac's on the market I find Royale Montaine to be the smoothest and least harsh of all those I have sampled. Excellent balance of fruit and alcohol with neither overpowering the other. Delightfully drinkable!
Technical Notes
The production process of fruit-flavored liqueurs can be relatively simple. Blending is the most common and most economic production method; flavoring, coloring, sugar plus any additional ingredients, such as preservatives and stabilizers, are blended with a neutral spirit to achieve a basic fruit-flavored liqueur.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hello and thank you for visiting our site! We are the Marine Graduation Foundation. We were founded in 2005 after identifying a need to help families attend Marine Corps Boot Camp graduations. Why are we doing this? We do this to make sure that no new Marine stands alone on graduation day. These men and women volunteered to go through painstaking training to allow all of us to sleep at night knowing they are there to protect us. Only after they successfully make it through training are they called United States Marines.
Picture this: Family Day arrives. The stands are full of friends and families. The Marines are dismissed for onbase liberty. The crowd rushes from their seats to hug their new Marine. They are so proud. The Marines are so very happy to finally see their family. They stand in their uniform, totally transformed! But wait...then you see a group of Marines walking away...no one is there for them. After everything they've been through there is no acknowledgement, no hugs, no tears, no nothing. We just did not think that was acceptable so here we are, 10 years later, helping Marines have that moment with their families that they would not otherwise get to experience.
If you don't have the money to get to the graduation, apply for assistance. People donate, applications are reviewed and if all goes well we will help you with travel costs so that your Marine does not have to stand alone on graduation day. Please remember funds are almost always limited. There are many families to help and many times not enough money to help everyone. If you can get to the graduation without our help, please save the funds for the people who wonder how they are going to get the money to have enough gas to drive to the graduation.
If we all band together we can ensure that NO NEW MARINE STANDS ALONE! If you can help with our mission, even if it is $5, it counts! We definitely could not do this without you! Below you will find upcoming graduations for which you can specifically donate. If you do not have a tie to any particular graduation but would still like to help with our cause you can do that too by clicking the button below. Thank you, in advance, for your kindness.
Top Donations
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Donations: 1 received
Patricia S, Reading:
Donations Gross:
Paypal Fees:
Donations Net:
Current Goal: $400
Donations: 2 received
vicky b, Spokane:
Monica G, White Plains:
Current Goal: $1750
Donations are tax-deductible.
Other upcoming graduations
Lima and Oscar Companies - Parris Island
Delta Company - San Diego
Delta Company - Parris Island
Hotel Company - San Diego
Hotel and November Companies - Parris Island
Shera B, Lawrenceville:
Current Goal: $500
Mike Company - Parris Island
Mike Company - San Diego
trent m, Avilla:
Alpha and Oscar Companies - Parris Island
Alpha Company - San Diego
No donations found.
I would like to convey my heartfelt thank you and gratitude for the
assistance in helping to complete the funding needed to attend Darik's
graduation. I could never have gone through life knowing I had missed such
an amazing and beautiful ceremony. It is truly something I will never
forget, along with never forgetting his face when the Sr DI's dismissed
their platoons for the last time, welcoming the new Marines and families
into the greatest brotherhood.
I know that thank you's can never be enough
for the help you provided. My heart is overfilled with the love I have for
the Marine Graduation Foundation for what you do to ensure that each Marine
has someone there for them in this momentous occasion. You all will forever
be a part of our lives and one day, once truly back on my feet, I will be
paying it forward to help another single mom attend her son's or daughter's
Marine Corps graduation.
My sincerest gratitude,
Dawn M Wise
M.o.M. of Pvt Darik Wise
Did you know many employers will match your donation? Be sure and check with your Human Resources Department. It's a great way to double the number of Marines who will not stand alone!
Officers and Directors:
John Weant, CEO, Marine Veteran, Marine Corps League Life Member and father of two Marines; view bio
Gretchen Miller, Marine Mom, CFO and webmaster
Heather Miller, Manager, Air Force Veteran
LtCol Scott Payne, Director, Marine
Max Beerup, Director, FMF Corpsman Veteran
Steve Nelson, Director and Marine Dad
Stephen Escobedo, Director, Marine Veteran/Marine Dad
Holli Park, Volunteer and Marine Veteran.
Can't make it to a San Diego Family Day?
If you can't make it to Family Day and your Marine will stand alone, let us know asap and we'll arrange to have a local hero there to greet them for their on-base liberty on Family Day.
Thanks to Vincent Leone, a long time supporter of this foundation, who has arranged for members of law enforcement, as well as retired Marines, to stand in proxy for a family who is unable to attend. If you would like someone to be there for your Marine as they are dismissed for on-base liberty on Family Day, please click the link below to make your request.
Proud Sponsor
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$10 off $50 on Fashion & Beauty - Apparel, Shoes, Jewelry, Watches, & More. Use promo code SPRINGARRIVALS at checkout. Ends 3/31/2015.
|This beautifully sculpted and gracefully designed reception chair will makes a luxurious statement in your salon. The square design lends itself to many furniture arrangements. Use it in any corner or arrange it back-to-back in a space-saving design. It gives you a lot of flexibility. Covered in soft PVC vinyl over ample padding, it is very comfortable, durable, and made to last for many years to come. Features: Stunning reception chair with upholstered and soft PVC vinyl. Easy to clean and care for. Does not take up too much space. Great padded cushion and seating space. Dimensions: Arm to Arm: 23" Width: 32.25" Depth: 32" Height: 33"*NOTE: The color chairs no longer have buttons on the cushions. Only the black color has buttons. There is no custom option to add/subtract buttons.*- All dimensions listed are approximations. Some assembly is required.


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Two Texas Tech women's basketball players have filed paperwork to transfer from the university, a university spokesperson confirmed Thursday. Lady Raiders redshirt sophomore guard Minta Spears and freshman post Courtney Vaccher both are transferring. ...March 26, 2015 - 9:35am
There are small marks, call them indentations, on the court next to Texas Tech's bench.March 8, 2015 - 10:43pm
DALLAS – Candi Whitaker wants the Lady Raiders to hurt. And the Texas Tech women's basketball coach wants them to learn. The Lady Raiders fell 59-40 to West Virginia in the first round of the Big 12 women's basketball tournament Friday. As a result, Tech's season is over. It finished 15-1...March 6, 2015 - 11:25pm
DALLAS - Candi Whitaker doesn't always adhere to old adages.March 5, 2015 - 8:14pm
Texas Tech's Amber Battle was named to the first team of the all-Big 12 women's basketball team announced Wednesday. The 5-foot-9 senior from Albuquerque, New Mexico, Cibola, averaged 15.8 points per game, fourth best in the conference, and 5.March 5, 2015 - 1:29am
WACO – Looking at the schedule before the season, it looked like the toughest stretch of the Texas Tech schedule. And it was. The Lady Raiders dropped their fifth straight game, falling 75-65 to No. 6 Baylor on Monday at the Ferrell Center. It was the second loss to the Lady Bears in the lo...March 2, 2015 - 10:13pm
The Lady Raiders have to be better if they are going to defeat Baylor. Texas Tech can't shoot like it did against Oklahoma State. If it does, it will finish last in the Big 12 for the second straight season.March 1, 2015 - 11:05pm
The Lady Raiders have had some ugly offensive performances. Saturday's against Oklahoma State might have been the worst. And yet, Texas Tech still nearly pulled off a win. The Lady Raiders at one point had missed 16 of 17 shots in the second half, but they still hung with the Cowgirls before...February 28, 2015 - 9:55pm
TEXAS TECH WOMEN VS. OKLAHOMA STATE 7 P.M.February 27, 2015 - 12:38pm
Bill Fennelly had trouble reading the scoreboard late in the Iowa State women's basketball team led by 20 in the final minutes of Tuesday's 59-47 win over Texas Tech.February 25, 2015 - 12:09am


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Miranda Cosgrove of 'iCarly': iEat, iTweet, iCan't Believe the VMAs
Cosgrove came to PopEater for an exclusive chat, telling us about her on-set hijinks, her love of snacks, the strangeness of introducing Taylor Swift at the 2009 VMAs - and gracing us with the most adorably terrible Italian accent we've ever heard. Watch the video and check out highlights below.
On staying out of trouble: "I think it has a lot to do with my parents, and I've always been from LA - it's my hometown - I don't think it's quite as big a deal, being in acting. I guess I don't feel like it's as exciting to go to crazy parties or anything like that. Although I do love birthday parties... And all my friends are from kindergarten, too, so they don't think acting is that big of a deal. They all know I'm, like, a huge dork."
On being famous: "It's probably the weirdest when I go to the mall or out to eat with my friends, and a bunch of people will come up and be excited about the show - that's when I start to realize,'Wow, I'm on a show, and people watch it.' But when we're on the soundstage and filming the episodes, I don't really think about it that much."
On the VMAs controversy: "One of my friends came with me to the VMAs... he was sitting in the audience, watching. I came out [from backstage] and I hadn't heard anything. I didn't know what happened. And I walked off the stage from introducing Taylor Swift, and he was like, 'You're not going to believe what happened.' I was kind of shocked by the whole thing. But at the very end, when Beyonce had Taylor Swift come out - that was so cool. Makes me like Beyonce even more. It was like a moment in a movie - an amazing, sweet moment."
Miranda Cosgrove Visits PopEater
Maggie Coughlan, PopEater
Maggie Coughlan, PopEater
Maggie Coughlan, PopEater
Maggie Coughlan, PopEater
On being on the 'iCarly' set: "The crew, I've known since I was eight. It's a big family environment, kinda. And Jerry [Trainor], who's on the show with me - he plays my brother - he's like my brother in real life. He's so silly. He hides my cell phone and then he calls it, and watches me run around the soundstage looking for it. People are just really nice on set and always making jokes. We have a good time."
On Tweeting: "I'll try to sound cool on Twitter and then I'll start to erase it... I'll try to spice stuff up. I even do that when I'm telling people stories, I'll exaggerate a little. My mom's always telling me not to. That's mainly the thing I try not to do on Twitter, my normal little bit of exaggeration to make myself sound cool."
On her family: "We're just always together. It's kind of a funny relationship - she's definitely my mom, but she's my best friend too. We're always making jokes and stuff and my friends say we're inseperable... Neither of my parents are in the entertainment business at all. My dad owns a dry cleaners, he always knows how to get every single stain out. I'll call him if I spill something and he knows this amazing way of getting it out. My friends now call me too, and they'll have me ask my dad."
- Filed under:
- Music News -
- TV News -
- Interviews -
- Exclusives
- Wednesday 16 SeptemberBy Steph
She is adorable! Smart and funny too!
- Wednesday 16 SeptemberBy Cameron
Miranda Cosgrove is awsome; so unlike most other pop stars. She's my favorite and her singing is the most wonderful singing I have ever heard before; and I listen to a lot of (female) singers.
- Wednesday 16 SeptemberBy Buffy
I think some current pop "stars" need to take a lesson from Miranda. She seems to be a truly level-headed, yet super talented 16 year old who still loves hanging out with friends. And the fact that all of her friends are ones she has known since she was five says even more about her. I also say an interview with the girl who plays Sam on "ICarly" and she seems to be a cool girl, too. She mentioned that she has started a charity. How many other 16 year olds can say that. The people over at "ICarly" must be doing something right to be able to find two such young women.
- Wednesday 16 SeptemberBy Crazy world
She seems like such a nice girl. Very refreshing. Adios' Miley...Hello Miranda. Everything that I have seen this young woman in is great family entertainment. Excellent, wholesome role model. Thanks MIranda for being a kid.
- Thursday 17 September
I'm 57 years old and I just love Icarly, my grandkids got me hooked on the show, and Miranda is a sweet and really beauitful young lady. I really like Spencer.
- Thursday 17 SeptemberBy heather
love miranda! my 9 year old is in love with her and wants to marry her! he never misses an episode has her cd posters but cant find any shirts for boys with her on them just for girls!
- Monday 16 AugustBy Caylee
I am so much like her! If you watch videos of her being herself on youtube, that is how I act! It is scary!
My favorite color is purple just like her
My favorite food is cupcakes just like her
I exaggerate all the time too (but I am not exaggerating here!)
And I kind of look like her
I have always loved singing and acting
I love Miranda! She is awesome!
Jennifer Aniston
Is it Brad(ley) and Jen take 2? Jen was spotted out on the town with dreamboat ...
Paris Hilton
After Fairly Legal actress, Sarah Shahi, laid into Paris via Twitter for almost...
Kate Middleton
Kate Middleton is officially a princess. She walked the aisle in an Alexander...
Denise Richards
According to Denise, she's not sure that her estranged ex is completely sober....
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Help make it easier for other Avvo users to choose the right lawyer by sharing your experience with this attorney. It's fast, simple, and safe.
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I had a very complicated case and Bill was excellent. I am surprised more people have not reviewed him other than he gets many word of mouth referrals. If you want backup besides me, just ask people at the Norwalk Courthouse. I hope I never have a mess like had but if I needed a lawyer he is the only one I would call.


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A solid state pressure sensor utilizes a brittle diaphragm made of a material such as silicon, which is mounted between base plates of glass, and which deflects in response to pressure. The base plates of glass can have recesses formed therein to receive the diaphragm and provide a full support across the diaphragm under overpressure conditions to prevent overstressing the diaphragm, or the diaphragm can have such contoured surfaces for forming overpressure stop surfaces against the facing base plate. The diaphragm has grooves defining a central portion that deflects, and whereby the grooves will form webs joining the central portion to an outer rim so that the diaphragm acts similarly to a "free edge" diaphragm in its deflection characteristics. The grooves defining the webs can have various configurations for achieving the results desired.
1. A differential pressure sensor cell comprising a brittle material diaphragm member having a desired thickness:
first and second base plates mounted to opposite side of said diaphragm member to form enclosed chambers relative to said diaphragm member, said base plates being bonded around the periphery of the diaphragm member to enclose said chambers on opposite sides of the diaphragm member; and
said diaphragm member comprising a brittle material and having a central portion and a rim, said central portion being defined by groove means extending inwardly from a surface means of the diaphragm member to define web means between the rim and the central portion, and the central portion having a surface which is concave at a rest position of the diaphragm member, the concave surface becoming substantially flat as the diaphragm deflects under an overpressure and which engages and is stopped by a substantially flat aligning surface of the associated base plate when the diaphragm is subjected to such overpressure.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said groove means extends inwardly from opposite sides of said diaphragm.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said groove means are formed by isotropic etching, and wherein each of said groove means has a radiused inner end surface.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said groove means leave said web means having a thickness in direction of deflection of the diaphragm equal to a dimension D, selected to be stressed at a level so the overpressure at which breakage of the web occurs is maximized.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said first and second base plates, said diaphragm member and said web means have dimensions selected such that the stress level of the diaphragm member at maximum rated overpressure occurs in the same range as when failure of the base plate occurs from such overpressure.
6. The apparatus as specified in claim 2 wherein said groove means comprise a pair of generally triangular cross section grooves extending inwardly from opposite sides of the diaphragm member and overlap in direction of thickness of the diaphragm, and are spaced to provide the web means between the grooves.
7. The apparatus as specified in claim 2 wherein said groove means comprise first and second grooves extending inwardly from one side of said diaphragm member, said first and second grooves being spaced from each other around the periphery of the center section, and a third groove extending inwardly from an opposite surface of said diaphragm member, said third groove being positioned between said first and second grooves, and the inner ends of said first, second, and third grooves overlapping in direction of the thickness of the diaphragm member.
8. The apparatus as specified in claim 2 wherein said groove means comprise a first groove extending inwardly from a first side of said diaphragm member and positioned at a first lateral dimension relative to a center axis of the diaphragm member, and a second groove extending inwardly from an opposite side of said diaphragm member, said second groove being positioned at a second lateral dimension on the diaphragm member different from the first lateral dimension, to define peripheral dimensions that are different from each other, said first and second grooves having inner ends that overlap in direction of thickness of the diaphragm member, and the overlapping portions of the grooves defining said web means.
9. The apparatus as specified in claim 8 wherein said first and second grooves are generally elliptical in cross section.
10. The apparatus as specified in claim 8 wherein said first and second grooves have inner surface end portions that are generally flat.
11. A pressure sensor diaphragm for mounting between two base plates made of brittle material relative to which the diaphragm deflects under pressure differentials, said diaphragm comprising a brittle material and being generally planar in shape, and having a thickness and a peripheral edge, groove means defined in said diaphragm to extend inwardly from at least one surface thereof to define a narrow web means extending between an outer rim portion of the diaphragm and an inner center portion of the diaphragm formed by said groove means, said rim portion being supported on at least one base plate during use, said diaphragm and web means having dimensions such that when a high pressure is applied to at least one side of said diaphragm to cause the center portion to deflect the stress levels in a base plate on which the diaphragm is supported and in the web means of such diaphragm reach their respective operating stress level at substantially the same pressure.
12. The diaphragm of claim 11 wherein there are groove means extending inwardly from both sides of said diaphragm to form said web means.
13. The diaphragm of claim 11 wherein said center portion has a recessed surface on a surface thereof opposite from the pressure causing movement of the center portion to permit supporting said center portion on an adjacent base plate after the center portion has deflected to a position wherein said recessed surface assumes a substantially planar shape.
14. The diaphragm of claim 13 wherein the center portion recessed surface is smoothly contoured and deflects to be substantially planar at a desired pressure greater than the operating pressure for the diaphragm.
15. A differential pressure sensor cell comprising a brittle material diaphragm member having a desired thickness;
first and second base plates mounted to opposite sides of said diaphragm member to form enclosed chambers relative to said diaphragm member, said base plates being bonded around the periphery of the diaphragm member to enclose said chambers on opposite sides of the diaphragm members; and
said diaphragm member comprising a brittle material and having a central portion and a rim, said central portion being defined by groove means extending inwardly from a surface means of the diaphragm member to define web means between the rim and the central portion;
one of the base plates having a central portion surface facing a central portion surface of the central portion of the diaphragm member, one of the central portion surfaces being a stepped surface facing the other central portion surface to provide overpressure stops at radially spaced positions on the diaphragm central portion when excessive pressure acts on the diaphragm member.
Reference is made to copending application Ser. No. 879,938, filed June 30, 1986 for DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR.
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to solid state differential pressure transmitters which are internally protected against overpressure.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
Various solid state pressure transducers have been advanced, utilizing silicon diaphragms and glass base plates or housings. These devices are generally designed so that batch fabrication is possible. However, external mechanical protection against overpressure continues to be less than ideal, and the present invention deals with this problem, without sacrificing accuracy.
The present invention comprises a diaphragm construction which has "free edge" effects provided by forming grooves in from opposite surfaces of the diaphragm to define a center deflecting portion, and to delineate the center deflecting portion from a rim with a thin wall portion or web. The center deflecting portion preferably has a concave surface which becomes flat as the center portion deflects and which is used as a stop surface mechanically supported on a base plate when the differential pressure reaches a selected limit.
As shown the grooves forming the webs are peripheral, that is they go completely around the diaphragm center portion, regardless of the outer peripheral configuration, which can be square, rectangular, or circular. The rim of the diaphragm is supported relative to base support plate layers, which preferably are made of glass.
When differentials are applied to the diaphragm, the diaphragm will deflect and with the free edge construction the web that joins the center portion of the diaphragm to the rim permits the center portion of the diaphragm to move or deflect. The surface or surface portion of the diaphragm center portion will move to be in contact with an aligning surface or surface portion of the glass base support plate or layer at about twice the rated pressure. Additional overpressure will cause little additional stress in the diaphragm.
For equal deflections under the same pressure differentials, the diaphragms that are made with the free edge construction can be made from thicker wafers of brittle material than clamped edge diaphragms of equal diameter. The increased thickness makes the wafers less likely to break from accidental shock loads (handling) during processing.
In silicon wafers, the grooves that are formed to separate out the center portion and provide the free edge deflection characteristics can be etched from both sides of the wafer at the same time, using known etching techniques, and the wafer can also be polished on both sides before bonding to the base support plates or layers because it will be sturdy enough to handle.
A three-layer "sandwich" pressure cell is formed by placing base plates or wafers (preferably glass) on opposite sides of the wafers on which the diaphragms are formed (preferably silicon or other brittle material) and then bonding the base plates to the opposite sides of the diaphragm wafer. Individual pressure sensing cells are then separated out from the batch of cells that has been formed.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a sensing cell having a diaphragm made according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a diaphragm used in the sensing cell of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a modified sensor cell construction;
FIGS. 4 and 4A are schematic representations showing typical dimensions for a diaphragm of a pressure sensor made according to the present invention; and
FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of diaphragms that are made in modified forms of the present invention.
As exemplified by the showing in International Publication No. W088/00335 of Rosemount Inc., pressure sensors have been constructed with concave or recessed surface diaphragms formed by pressurizing one side of the diaphragm to cause it to bulge and then removing the bulge by grinding or lapping. When the pressure is released, the diaphragm has a concave surface which can be used as a stop surface mechanically supported on a base plate when the diaphragm exceeds a desired operative pressure. Preferably the stop surfaces engage at twice the rated operating pressure The diaphragms of the present disclosure can be made with concave or recessed surfaces formed in a similar manner, but include a "free edge" construction.
In FIG. 1, a pressure sensing cell indicated generally at 35 is shown formed according to the present invention. Cell 35 also can be placed into a suitable outer housing or support in a known manner. Cell 35 also can be batch fabricated using wafers of glass and a brittle material wafer (preferably silicon) that is of size to form several of the individual cells. The diaphragms for the individual cells are formed in place on the wafer. The diaphragms can be contoured to form recesses as described in the International Publication No. W088/00335. The silicon wafers are then bonded to glass wafers and sealed or bonded around the rim of each diaphragm. In this form of the invention, the diaphragm is made to act similarly to a free edge diaphragm. The free edge construction will reduce bending stresses at the diaphragm edge and will permit higher overpressures without breaking the diaphragm.
Pressure sensing cell 35 includes a diaphragm 36 sandwiched between glass base plates or layers 37 and 38, respectively. The base plates have been bonded (preferably by anodic bonding) to opposite sides of a rim portion 40 of the diaphragm 36 when in wafer form. The diaphragm 36 has a central active or deflecting portion 41, that is connected to the rim portion through a relatively thin web 42 that is formed by peripheral grooves 43 and 44, which extend inwardly toward the central plane of the diaphragm from the opposite sides of the diaphragm and surround the central portion 41.
The central portion 41 of the diaphragm has concave recessed surfaces indicated at 45 and 46, respectively, that face the base plates 37 and 38. These recessed surfaces 45 and 46 are preferably shaped so that when the center portion 41 is deflected at twice the maximum rated operating differential pressure between the opposite inlet apertures 47 and 48, respectively, the diaphragm surface contacts the respective glass base plate across substantially the entire surface of the diaphragm central portion simultaneously. The apertures 47 and 48 carry fluid pressures designated P1 and P2. The recessed surfaces 45 and 46 can be formed as disclosed in International Publication No. W088/00335 with FIG. 2 or can be etched in place to form the desired contour. As shown, the diaphragm support or stop surfaces 37A and 37B on the base plates are formed by very shallow recesses etched into the center portions of base plates 37 and 38. The recesses may have a depth in the range of 10% of the diaphragm center portion
As the diaphragm 36 is subjected to differential pressure, there is a combination of movements that occur during deflection. The web 42 is preferably made to be as thick and as narrow as possible to survive high overpressures, but thin enough to reduce stresses that cause clamped edge diaphragms to fail from overpressure. The center portion 41 of the diaphragm will tend to deflect or bow to cause the respective recessed surface 45 or 46 to flatten out, depending on which way the diaphragm is deflecting. There is also a piston-like movement of the center portion 41 toward the respective surface 37A or 38A, at the same time that the respective center portion surface 45 or 46 is tending to become flat. When the diaphragm center portion 41 is under two times the maximum rated differential pressure, the surface 45 or 46, depending on the direction of deflection, will contact the respective surface of the adjacent base plate and will seat thereon as a positive stop while subjected to overpressure.
The grooves 43 and 44, as shown, have generally flat or very gently contoured bottom surfaces 43A and 44A with radiused corners that will distribute stress without unacceptable concentration. The grooves 43A and 44A can be simultaneously etched to desired depths into both sides of the wafer used for batch fabricating the diaphragms prior to separating out the individual sensing cells. Of course, the other areas of the diaphragm can be masked during this etching process in a known manner. The diaphragm center portions generally are circular, as shown in FIG. 2.
In FIG. 3, a diaphragm 53 is preferably made of silicon or a similar excellent spring material, such as single crystal germanium, sapphire or quartz. Diaphragm 53 is provided with a center active portion 53A formed by grooves 53C and 54D to provide a web 53E which gives a free edge construction relative to a rim 53B. The center portion 53A has sensing surfaces substantially coplanar with the support surfaces of rim 53B. In this form of the invention, base plates 54 are bonded to the rim 53B of the diaphragm 53. The base plates have stepped recesses 54A for providing overpressure stop surfaces for the deflected diaphragm. The recesses as shown are stepped and have a plurality of shoulder surfaces 54B, that are constructed to have corners that engage the deflected central portion of the diaphragm on several contact lines when the diaphragm reaches its maximum desired deflection as represented in dashed lines The corners of the shoulders mechanically stop the diaphragm center portion 53A from further deflecting to minimize additional stresses under high overpressures. The stepped arrangement is configured to reduce diaphragm stress when subjected to overpressure. As can be seen, the shoulder lateral widths are different so the corners lie along the deflected shape or line of the diaphragm. A smoothly contoured recess in the base plates for supporting the entire facing surface of the deflected center portion under overpressure is preferred for operation. The stop surfaces 54B will reduce the stressing rate of the webs when the center portion 53A contacts such surfaces and also will reduce the rate of further stressing of the center portion of the diaphragm. A smoothly contoured recessed stop surface in the base plate will provide support with little additional diaphragm stress, even under high overpressures.
Forming the recesses in the base plates or in the diaphragm, including a smoothly contoured recess or the stepped recess, can be accomplished by impact grinding, molding, electrostatic discharge machining (EDM), or photoshaping and etching (in one step or in a series of steps). Photoshaping and etching can be used as a finishing step, after grinding or after forming the general shape desired by other steps. Other acceptable types of micro machining can be used to make the contours if desired, depending on the type of material used for the sensor.
A cross-section of the diaphragm 36 is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 4A. The diaphragm illustrated there has dimensions represented and labeled with letters The dimensions include the outside dimension (G); thickness of the peripheral rim (A); the outside dimension of the grooves (B); the groove width (W); the width of the relatively flat bottom surface portion (C); the radius of the corner of the groove base (R); the thickness of web 42(D); as well as the depth (F) of the recess in the surfaces of the center deflecting portion measured from the adjacent plane of one surface of the rim of the diaphragm; and the distance from the plane of the diaphragm rim to the edges 51 or 52 (E). The distance (E) will be the same around the periphery of the center portion because the diaphragm is symmetrical. Also, the overall groove width (W) is the sum of the bottom surface width (C) plus two of the radiuses (R). Referring to those designations of dimensions, preferred dimensions for a differential pressure sensor utilizing a silicon diaphragm rated at 6 psi differential are as follows:
A=.0074 inches
B=.260 inches
W=.0137 inches
C=.009 inches
R=.0023 inches
D=.0028 inches
E=.00005 inches
F=.0005 inches
G=.450 inches
The web thickness (D) is selected in relation to the width (W) so under a selected overpressure value the stress level in the web does not exceed a desired level.
The dimension (C) is desirably minimized but it will have a finite value because of the need to have an opening in the mask for etching the groove.
For different pressure ranges, significantly different dimensions would be used and for diaphragms of different diameters the dimensions would change. The above dimensions are by way of illustration only.
FIGS. 5-8 show various configurations for diaphragms that exhibit free edge characteristics, and each of these may have curved, recessed surfaces on the center portions thereof or be mated with base plates having recesses to provide for a surface to surface contact for overpressure protection. Radial stress isolation and reduction of bending stresses is achieved in FIG. 5 for a diaphragm 56 shown therein by having a pair of equally spaced apart peripheral grooves 57 and 58 formed into one side surface 59 of the diaphragm. Grooves 57 and 58 are spaced apart in lateral or radial directions. A center peripheral groove 60 is formed inwardly from the opposite surface 61 of the diaphragm 56 and is located laterally or radially between grooves 57 and 58. The grooves 57 and 58 are sufficiently deep in relation to the groove 60 so that the inner end surfaces of the grooves overlap in the thickness direction of the diaphragm, to form two webs or wall sections 62 and 63 that surround the center portion. The grooves 57, 58 and 60 overlap or extend across the bisecting plane of the diaphragm which is parallel to the support surfaces of the diaphragm. The wall sections 62 and 63 are stiff in direction perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm, but flex relatively easily in a radial or outward direction from the center portion 65 of the diaphragm 56 to isolate radial and bending stresses between the center portion 65 and the rim portion 64 of the diaphragm.
The configuration of FIG. 5 reduces the radial stress effects on span caused by the effects of different temperature coefficients between a silicon diaphragm and a glass base and also tends to reduce span errors from line pressure changes which cause radial tensioning in other diaphragm designs (i.e. FIGS. 1-4) where radial stresses re carried between the diaphragm rim and the diaphragm center portion.
The center portion 65 is defined by inner web 63. Thus, the surfaces on opposite sides of the center portion are of different size, but again each includes a recessed surface for providing a positive stop against glass base plates that sandwich the diaphragm as shown in FIG. 3. The glass base plates provided will be designed to provide the desired stop surface.
The base plates used with the diaphragms can be suitably formed with recesses to provide a stop surface when there are flat surfaces on the center portions of any of the diaphragms shown in FIGS. 5-8 if desired.
In FIG. 6, a diaphragm 70 is shown. It has a center portion 71 and a rim portion 72 surrounding the center portion 71. For use, the rim portion 72 is bonded to support or base plates and pressure differentials on the diaphragm will cause the center portion 71 to deflect The center portion 71 is defined by a first groove 73 that extends inwardly from a first surface 74 of the diaphragm and which separates the center portion 71 from the rim. A second groove 75 extends inwardly from an opposite surface 76A of the diaphragm. The grooves 73 and 75 are offset from each other in lateral or radial direction, that is, in direction between the center axis of the diaphragm and the rim, and their inner ends overlap in direction of the thickness of the diaphragm. In other words, the groove ends extend more than halfway across the thickness of the diaphragm. The grooves form a thin web 76 that connects the center portion 71 to the rim 74. The web 76 also easily yields in radial direction, but is stiff in direction perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm. This also gives the advantage of reducing the bending stresses at the diaphragm rim.
FIG. 7 shows a similar diaphragm construction for free edge benefits The diaphragm indicated generally at 80 includes a center portion 81 and a rim 82. A peripheral groove 83 is formed in a surface 84 of the diaphragm, and a peripheral groove 85 is formed in the opposite surface 86 of the diaphragm. The grooves 83 and 85 are generally V-shaped, and their inner ends overlap in direction of the thickness of the diaphragm. This provides a thin wall section or web 87 that is flexible in radial directions and stiffer in direction perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm. The center portion 81 is capable of deflecting without substantial radial or bending stress transmission from the rim to the center portion 81. The grooves 83 and 85 are offset in lateral direction of the diaphragm.
The V-shaped grooves of FIG. 7 also can be configured as shown in FIG. 5, with two V-shaped grooves extending inwardly from one side of the diaphragm with one groove extending inwardly from the opposite side of the diaphragm and positioned between the two grooves similarly to groove 60 in FIG. 5. The etching process for forming the diaphragms of FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 is usually an anisotropic etch. The outer periphery of the diaphragms is rectangular or square and the shape of the periphery of the center portion depends on the crystal orientation of the silicon. With a {100} crystal orientation, the center deflecting portion of the diaphragm will have a square outer periphery and V-shaped grooves. If the silicon for the diaphragm has a {110} crystal orientation, the center deflecting portion of the diaphragm will have a parallelogram shaped outer periphery and vertical walled grooves. This phenomenon is well known in the field of etching.
It should be noted that the center deflecting portions of each of the diaphragms in FIGS. 5-7 are recessed to provide a flat stop surface when deflected for seating on flat surfaces of base plates for overpressure stops.
In FIG. 8, a further modified form of the construction of a free edge silicon diaphragm 90 is illustrated. The diaphragm 90 includes a center deflecting portion 91, and a rim 92 for supporting the center portion. The rim 92 is mounted to one or more base plates as desired. A first groove 93 is formed into a first surface 94 of the diaphragm and a groove 95 is formed into a second surface 96 of the diaphragm. The grooves 93 and 95 offset laterally and are generally elliptically shaped. The bottom surfaces of the grooves overlap in direction of thickness of the diaphragm to form a peripheral web or wall section 97 that joins the center portion 91 to the rim 92 and makes the center portion deflect in part like a free edge diaphragm.
The free edge construction formed by grooves 93 and 95 does permit a thicker diaphragm wafer to be used for batch processing, and uniform overpressure support is not as critical. The surfaces on opposite sides of the center portion of the diaphragm are recessed (concave) slightly as shown for seating against flat surfaces of glass base plates which would sandwich the diaphragm when the diaphragm is assembled into a sensing cell.
Each of the forms of the invention have an advantage of having a sturdy brittle material diaphragm, and good overpressure protection, particularly when used in connection with a free edge form.
It should be noted that when a flat free edge form diaphragm is utilized, such as that shown in FIGS. 5 through 8 for example, a concave recess in the glass base plate could be used for providing an overpressure stop, and it could be smoothly contoured or stepped (or tiered like a shallow wedding cake) so that the center portion of the diaphragm was supported only at desired locations rather than across its full surface.
When using the free edge construction that is shown in the present invention, for the diaphragms, the stress level in the webs or thin walls of the free edge diaphragm is kept low, and at a rated 6 psi differential pressure the web stress can be kept in the range of 4,600 psi. At 4,000 psi differential pressure, which is 666 times full scale rated pressure, the web stresses for the example of FIG. 4 will be 46,000 psi, only 75% of the fracture stress of silicon, which is approximately 60,000 psi. The construction shown provides overpressure protection across a reasonable range of overpressures.
As was stated, with an applied pressure on one side of the diaphragm (a differential pressure), part of the deflection of the modified free edge form of the diaphragm shown herein is from the center portion, and part is from the piston effect that occurs when bending takes place in the web or thin wall section. This configuration thus has several advantages in the processing sequence of a three layered cell, such as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, in that the grooves can be etched in both sides at once, using isotropic etching, or anisotropic etching, or a combination of the two types of etching. A wafer of silicon from which the diaphragms are formed can be pressure polished on both sides before bonding because it is sturdy enough to handle. The diaphragms disclosed in FIGS. 5-8, with a thick center portion also could afford an improvement in reducing span line pressure errors.
The webs disclosed herein reduce the proportion of the diaphragm bending stress transmitted into the glass base plate as the diaphragm moves. If the webs are too thick, the glass will tend to fail from diaphragm bending stress before the web stress level is close to the failure stress for the diaphragm material, and if the webs are too thin, the webs will be overstressed and fail long before the glass approaches its failure stress level. The design is optimized such that at maximum rated overpressure, the web dimensions are selected so the maximum operating stress level in the webs is attained just prior to the time that the stress in the glass base plate, which supports the diaphragm rim, attains the maximum operating stress level for the glass.
The webs are formed by etching the grooves to provide smooth and clean surfaces thereon so that the webs can be stressed relatively highly without cracking. The webs are not lapped. Lapping can cause slight scratches that tend to weaken the diaphragm. Since the diaphragms are made of brittle materials, such as semi-conductors or glass (if suitable sensing is used), the elimination of scratches in highly stressed surfaces is very desirable. In overpressure condition the webs are not supported and they are the highest stressed region of the diaphragm.
The diaphragms in FIGS. 2 and 8 an be any peripheral shape. The cross-section of the grooves can be controlled. For example, in FIG. 8 the opening in the mark used for etching the grooves is kept small and the etch is controlled as to time to permit the part circular or elliptical grooves.
The sensing of the deflection of the diaphragms can be done in a conventional manner, but metalizing the glass layers to form capacitance plates, and using a semi-conductor diaphragm, such as silicon as an active plate, will permit capacitive sensing of deflection. Strain gauges also can be used easily.
The drawings are distorted to permit illustration. The recesses are very shallow in relation to the width of the diaphragm.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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Hotel Alpenblick
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Very nice modern Hotel just 10 minutes walk to the centre, had a nice bar and garden and a nice touch of having a beer tap in the bedroom (unfortunately no beer!!)
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A trip around the historic town of Bern 8-09-14
Today after breakfast we walked to Wengen station to catch the 09h03 train down the pass to Lauterbrunnen. Down at the station as usual there was our little friendly station cat fast asleep in his basket in the ticket office. What a life he has.
As per usual here in Switzerland our train arrived right on time. At Lauterbrunnen we changed trains for the journey to Interlaken which took about 50 minutes.
Here ...
Couchsurfing on Swiss National Day
... or a beer and while it was appreciated by the hosts, it was never expected. People on Couchsurfing have profiles (just like air BNB or Facebook) and are reviewed by their hosts or guests, so whether you're a guest or host, you can get a feel for who you may want to connect with. We created an account in December, stayed with someone in Australia in January and had a positive experience. Along the way, we met other travellers who use Couchsurfing and we had even sent out a few ...
Weekend at Berney (3rd-9th July)
After a short 1 hour drive we arrived in Berne. We were staying with a sister on the southern edge of the city in an area called Koniz. We arrived a little earlier than we anticipated so we went for a walk down the road and found ourselves immersed in charming Swiss farmland filled with the ringing of bells in the paddocks round about. It was so relaxing. We met up with our host, sister Susanne who Matt had met previously on another trip. We unpacked our bags and pretty much ...
It departed as soon as it came.
... racing. The attendant so expertly wrapped it up and I spent the rest of the trip home wearing a huge grin with the package pressed up against my chest, so that no one would steal it. Because the pretzel crime rate in Bern is at an all time high, better safe then sorry I say. Is it sad that little things like this bring the same level of excitement as Christmas does? I think not, as it makes life fun and fresh, it also keeps you young and in the moment. So after a huge ...
You'll feel better on Swisse
... to catch the bus into Germany, still find it strange yet awesome being able to drive into a different country.
3. Colours and scenery. Switzerland may be the reason that digital cameras were invented. Hate to have come with film. Also you'd need the 128 pack of Derwents, there are some sweet colours, it's like someone has gone crazy with the saturation effect on instagram.
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Specifically using high quality protein such as whey protein contains an extraordinarily high amount of BCAA's (over 30%). BCAA's are known as the building blocks of muscle. BCAA'are made up of Leucine, Valine, and Isoleucine. Recently it has become known that taking 5 grams of Leucine with a protein shake or protein meal will increase protein synthesis by up to 70%. But the problem is that one can only buy L-Leucine, which is a single amino acid. This creates problems in the digestive tract as the body has trouble digesting single free form amino acids. Therefore, nutrition company's and research groups that recommend using L-Leucine in hopes to increasing protein synthesis, instruct to take L-Leucine with food (other amino acids). But still this may not be enough for the body to digest and absorb the L-Leucine powder. To solve this problem, ProteinFactory.com is now offering Leucine Peptides. Leucine Peptides are in the form of di and tri peptides, or two or three amino acids linked together. The body absorbs amino acids through the intestinal tract and into the blood stream in the form of di and tri peptides. Our Leucine Peptides are made in the USA from the finest quality whey protein isolate and contains a complete amino acid profile including BCAA's.
Serving size (1 tsp) 5 grams
Servings per pound: 90
If taken 3 times per day 1 pound will last 30 days.
Leucine peptides have an average MW of 16000 daltons
Instructions: Mix 1 tsp of Leucine Peptides with your protein shake or sprinkle on any protein meal. Do not exceed 4 times per day. Best time to use Leucine Peptides is post workout with a hydrolyzed protein like (PeptoPro, or Hydrolyzed 520) and a Carbohydrate. For beginners or those concerned with taste, use Leucine Peptides with one of our Whey Protein Isolates, like Native Whey Isolate or Ultra Amino 97 Whey Isolate
Leucine Regulates Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle after Exercise
Layne E. Norton and Donald K. Layman
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
High-performance physical activity and post exercise recovery lead to significant changes in amino acid and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. Central to these changes is an increase in the metabolism of the BCAA leucine. During exercise, muscle protein synthesis decreases together with a net increase in protein degradation and stimulation of BCAA oxidation. The decrease in protein synthesis is associated with inhibition of translation initiation factors 4E and 4G and ribosomal protein S6 under regulatory controls of intracellular insulin signaling and leucine concentrations. BCAA oxidation increases through activation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). BCKDH activity increases with exercise, reducing plasma and intracellular leucine concentrations. After exercise, recovery of muscle protein synthesis requires dietary protein or BCAA to increase tissue levels of leucine in order to release the inhibition of the initiation factor 4 complex through activation of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Leucine's effect on mTOR is synergistic with insulin via the phosphoinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Together, insulin and leucine allow skeletal muscle to coordinate protein synthesis with physiological state and dietary intake.


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|Wilderness Tripping - BWCA & Beyond
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True. I caught the Red River in TN
Posted by: ezwater on Aug-16-12 12:22 AM (EST)
at about 800 cfs because of recent local storms, and it had been dirt low in the recent past. We were just driving through on I-24, coming slowly back from Lake Superior.
One does have to be within a days drive and watching the radar and satellite gauges closely.
Hardshell Kayak Sail Rigs
Dry Tops
PFD's (Life Jackets)
Pull-Up Strap Handle Kit
|Table of Contents


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Transportation in Georgia
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Sermon Search Results for Thanks
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Results: 472 Sermons
With all my heart I believe we are a people & a nation that have truly been blessed by God. And of all those who "give thanks to Him & praise His name" our name should be at the top of the list!
Contributor: Melvin Newland (288 sermons shared)
Scripture: Psalms 100:1-100:5, Exodus 35:5-35:5, Psalms 100:1
Tags: Thanksgiving Holiday, Destiny, Thank God, Uncertainty, Trial, [more]
Shared: 10/10/2001
Some thoughts about thanksgiving from God's Word. 1- In a list of sins ingratitude is a big one 2- In the presence of all people we must give thanks 3- In a world of impurity there must be thanksgiving 4- In the midst of asking we must give thanks
Series: Thanksgiving
Contributor: Steve Shepherd (724 sermons shared)
Scripture: 1 Thessalonians 5:18, 1 Thessalonians 5:15-5:15
Shared: 11/13/2012
1- Give thanks and remember His wonders 2- Give thanks and remember His covenant 2- Give thanks and remember His people
Series: Book of Psalms
Contributor: Steve Shepherd (724 sermons shared)
Scripture: Psalms 105:1-105:15
Tags: Wonders, God's Covenant, God's People, Thanksgiving
Shared: 8/17/2013
Contributor: Kevin Mathis (2 sermons shared)
Scripture: Galatians 6:12-6:16
Tags: none
Shared: 10/18/2000
According to one researcher, one of the characteristics of a strong family is "appreciation" or thankfulness for others in my family. Why do we find this so hard to do, and how do we train ourselves to be appreciative?
Series: Family Foundations
Contributor: Jeff Strite (731 sermons shared)
Scripture: Colossians 3:12-3:17
Tags: Children, Criticism, Perspective, Complaining, Thanksgiving, [more]
Shared: 11/28/2005
Exactly what thirst does the Spirit satisfy?
Series: Breath Of New Life
Contributor: Jeff Strite (731 sermons shared)
Scripture: John 7:37-7:39, John 7:51
Shared: 11/23/2008
Surely prayer has to be more then the trite prayers that we pray before a meal doesnt it?
Series: Looking Back to Move Forward
Contributor: Dan Borchert (153 sermons shared)
Denomination: Christian Missionary Alliance
Scripture: Acts 4:22-4:31
Tags: Prayer How To
Shared: 11/17/2005
Paul's prayer burst into an overflow of thankfulness & praise. This thankfulness was because their lives demonstrated that God was at work in them and in the church. The Gospel was bearing fruit in & through their lives.
Series: Colossians
Contributor: Dennis Davidson (524 sermons shared)
Denomination: Baptist
Scripture: Colossians 1:3-1:8
Shared: 11/7/2011
We are called to remember many things, including our veterans. This sermon analyzed why and how we can show our love, appreciation and our thanks to them for all the things they have afforded our nation.
Contributor: Bruce Ball (292 sermons shared)
Denomination: Nazarene
Scripture: Deuteronomy 20:10-20:12
Tags: Love Your Neighbor, War, Veteran's Day, Veterans Day, Veterans
Shared: 11/9/2014
We can thank God because of His open hands; He satisfies our desires with good things.
Contributor: Joel Pankow (310 sermons shared)
Denomination: Lutheran
Scripture: Psalms 145:15-145:16
Tags: Thanks, Open, Hands, Thanksgiving Holiday
Shared: 11/22/2011


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This was our 4th trip to Bermuda but the fist time we stayed on land. What a great vacation!! Bermuda remains safe, clean and utterly relaxing. The weather was fabulous, the water was refreshing and the beauty of the land and sea scapes never ends.
We searched the internet to find places to stay and became enchanted by the Granaway Guest House. We liked the central location. We were intrigued by the age of the home. There were lots and lots of positive reviews. So, we booked it.
If you are looking for a modern, luxurious resort with lots of amenities and constant activities then you are not suited for Granaway. However, if you are looking for a reasonable getaway location with unique ambiance, delightful conversation, open and caring attention and don't mind doing a bit of walking then nothing can beat Michael and Carol Ashton's wonderful home.
Each succesive Breakfast topped the one from the day before. The location has a beautiful view of the sound. The back yard garden and the pool are excellent. The harbor-side dock offers the best sunsets and a great place to swim and float. The bus and the ferry stop very nearby. Your hosts are exceedingly accomodating often offering a ride to the beach in the morning, allowing occassional use of the main kitchen and the back yard grill. Their right-hand-man, Francisco, is extremely attentive, making me an early press of coffee each morning as I sat on the balcony and read before the other guests arrived for breakfast.
Did I mention Olive and Maverick? As with most domesticated cats, if you don't want her near you Olive will find your lap. Maverick is always on the job making sure all is well. He's a great companion and loves getting his pets.
Some reviews mention road noise and mustiness in the downstairs rooms. I cannot argue, indeed this can be the case. The road noise begins to recede in ones mind after the first day of relaxing and the mustiness is a nartural by-product of a home of this age in this sub-tropical setting. I've experienced worse in modern hotels in places like Puerto Vallarta and even on Oahu. Pump up the air conditioning a bit to mitigate the problem..
We would definitely call Granaway our home-away-from-home when we return to Bermuda again.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Granaway is a Bermudian bed and breakfast. The manor house was built in 1734 and is a registered historic property. There is a water front patio excellent for relaxing and watching the sunset or for swimming and snorkeling in the summer. The pool is set in a lush walled in garden area. There is a gate onto the Belmont Hills Golf Course. Breakfast is served in the dining room, in the garden or in your room if you prefer. Granaway has a central location in Warwick Parish and it is only a 5-10 minute walk to either the ferry or the bus. All rooms have a water view, cable TV and wireless access. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Priceline so you can book your Granaway Guest House & Cottages reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Granaway Guest House & Cottages Hotel Warwick
- Granaway Guest House And Cottages
- Granaway Guest House & Cottages Bermuda/Warwick Parish


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I'm never very good at writing about myself.. I'm britt... I enjoy just about any type of music or movies... I love spending time with friends and family.... Really in all honesty if you have any questions feel free to ask.. Promise I won't bite
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Call 2 Worship - November 8
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
08 November 2012
Miramonte Boulevard Seventh Day Adventist Church will sponsor Medical Missionary Floyd Mayberry on November 10 from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., at 7616 South Miramonte Boulevard in Los Angeles. Brother ...
read more >>
Kirkland Appoints New Pastors to LA Area
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
01 November 2012
The Rev. Edgar Boyd, new pastor of First A.M.E. Church, was among the appointments made by Bishop T. Kirkland, Sr., to lead churches in the Los Angeles area. Citing deep prayer and guidance of ...
read more >>
Trinity Marks 95th Church Anniversary
Written by Sentinel News Service
01 November 2012
Two programs will highlight the 95th Anniversary of Trinity Baptist Church starting with a gala banquet on Friday, November 9, and concluding with a special worship service on Sunday, November 11. According ...
read more >>
Blessed Ministries Conference Offers Early Registration
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
01 November 2012
Time is fast closing to take advantage of early bird registration for Blessed Ministries' 9th Healing and Deliverance Conference scheduled for April 25-27, 2013, at the Four Points Sheraton, 9750 ...
read more >>
Holman UMC Observes All Saints Day
Written by Sentinel News Service
01 November 2012
Preaching by the Rev. James M. Lawson, Jr., will highlight the 'All Saints and Lift Every Voice Sing' observance at Holman United Methodist Church on Sunday, November 4, at the 8 a.m. and 11 ...
read more >>
Health Luncheon Attracts 100 First Ladies
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
01 November 2012
The importance of healthy congregations was illustrated by the scores of pastors' wives attending the First Ladies Health Luncheon held October 27 at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel. Sponsored by Walgreens ...
read more >>
Call 2 Worship - November 1
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
01 November 2012
Trinity Baptist Church will host free prostate screenings on November 3 at 10 a.m., at 2040 West Jefferson Boulevard in Los Angeles, said Pastor Alvin Tunstill, Jr. Earl Jones is coordinator. The ...
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Taste of Soul Brings Church to Crenshaw
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
25 October 2012
The presence of God burst forth with power on the Taste of Soul Gospel Stage as the anointed, spirit-filled performers drew shouting, clapping and hallelujahs from the joyous crowd. Local favorites ...
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Miracle Temple Celebrates 30th Year
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
25 October 2012
Standing strong for 30 years, Bishop Johnny J. Young and the Miracle Temple Church of God Pentecostal congregation will recognize the occasion with a Membership Recognition and Awards Breakfast as ...
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New Antioch Kicks-off Harvest Festival
Written by Barbara Bryant (Contributing Religion Writer)
25 October 2012
New Antioch Church of God in Christ marks its Harvest Festival on Saturday, October 27. The Fall Festival is an annual celebration sponsored by the Youth Department that occurs every October ...
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Call 2 Worship - October 25
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
25 October 2012
Calvary Community Church, COGIC will salute Bishop Edward G. McLachlan, D.R.E., with Pastor's Appreciation Services on October 26 at 6:30 p.m., and October 28 at 3:30 p.m., at 950 West Alondra Boulevard ...
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Kirkland Convenes Conference, Planning Meeting
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
18 October 2012
Bishop T. Larry Kirkland, Sr., presiding prelate of the 5th Episcopal District of the A.M.E. Church, and Mrs. Mary L. Kirkland, Episcopal Supervisor, will convene the 88th Session of the Southern ...
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Hamilton UMC Marks 109 Years
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
18 October 2012
Rejoicing and praise flow throughout the congregation of Hamilton United Methodist Church as they prepare to salute their 109th Anniversary. According to Pastor Louis A. Chase OSL, festivities begin ...
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Mentoring Program Underway for Youth
Written by Sentinel News Service
18 October 2012
The Kirkland Education Institute of Brookins Community A.M.E. Church has teamed with LA Cares Mentoring Program to launch a pilot tutoring and mentoring instruction. The sessions began Oct. 16 and ...
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54th Street SDA Church Commends Seniors
Written by Brian W. Carter (Sentinel Staff Writer)
18 October 2012
One group of people that tends to be overlooked in our society have the most to do with it—our elders. But, that isn't the case at the 54th Street Seventh-day Adventist Church (54thSDAC). 54thSDAC ...
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COR Rejoices at Hispanic Heritage Service
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
18 October 2012
Reaffirming commitment to diversity, Christ Our Redeemer A.M.E. Church (COR) saluted Hispanic Heritage Month with a festive worship service on September 30 at 46 Maxwell in Irvine. The occasion ...
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Call 2 Worship - October 18
Written by Cora Jackson-Fossett (Religion Editor)
18 October 2012
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** 1098-T forms are now available online at www.1098t.com
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What's so bad about Japanese privet (aka waxleaf ligustrum)?
I have quite a few of the Ligustrum japonicum around my house, which I bought 2 years ago. I have read that they are highly invasive, send out hardy volunteers, need to be pruned constantly, etc. etc.
Yet I have only had to prune one of them once in the last 2 years, and I've never seen any volunteers. I've also never had to water them or tend to them in any other way. The flower smell is a little sickly in my opinion, but that seems to be the only negative so far.
So why are these so evil?
You said "around [your] house." That doesn't tell us much. Are they 1 foot from the foundation, or 15 feet? I think most people on this forum would agree that they are WONDERFUL shrub/trees if planted in a spot where they can reach their potential size w/out encroaching on a driveway, a sidewalk, the house itself, a flower bed, etc. They are genetically programmed to be very large when mature, and many "landscapers" put them in tight places where they soon become too large for the location.
If you have them in the right location, why are you having to prune them? That sounds like they are constricted where they are.
Occasionally a fungus will attack them, but it is rarely fatal and a fungicide is usually very effective.
I agree with you- once established, they can go through droughts and not suffer. They may be overused a bit, but that doesn't mean they aren't fine plants for the right spot.
I like them too, though I will admit for many years they were overused - and not necessarily planted in the appropriate situation for them - kind of like red tips have been overused and planted in the wrong places too. Another overused, but lovely plant is indian hawthorn. But, I guess that's why they are overused - they are attractive and easy care. I never noticed ligustrum being particularly invasive - any more than other shrubs that berry. I wouldn't consider them evil - just boring when they were used as the long foundation hedge many years ago.
They are too cookie-cutter. Think back a few years ago, every other house looked the same in the subdivision and EVERY house had the exact same plantings. Well, now that I think about it not much has changed, every other house in the new subdivision looks the same and they all have the same landscaping, nothing native, drought tolerant... They even plant these things around those awful giant things they are building on the beach. YUCK! They really don't seem to care for salt air & get awful looking here.
Tally HO!
beachplant - yep the latest cookie cutter shrub in my neighborhood is the dwarf yaupon holly trimmed like little puffballs in front of a row of some taller other mundane looking shrub trimed in larger puffballs. No imagination, but I guess OK for those who are not interested in gardening but want something out front that's green.
Oh, I just thought privets were supposed to invasive (mine have been very polite) and you had to constantly prune them. I've only pruned one of mine--sheared it, really--because it was trained into a formal shape over the course of its lifetime.
But sure, they are a bit boring, and I think the smell is unpleasant.
So... to that end... what are some plants/shrubs that you would long to see in your neighbors' landscaping?
Mine didn't die in the freeze.They've been here forever.(1950's) They are volunteering all over. The black berries are a carpet. They also choke out native plants if they are planted by or carried by birds to a natural area. PJ
I would add the purple fruit which birds love is a real pain to clean from where ever the birds defacate. Cars, decks, sidewalks turn to purple goo. The ones in the neighborhood I rented in years ago have matured to 10-15' breaking limbed nuisances. I can say I have no love for them and the birds will plant them all over in areas not maintained by man and choke out native vegatation. Count me as one that feels this is a plant that creates more problems for the average homeowner and to nature than it is worth. Muliple other choices would be more befitting to use.
Happy Growing David
Yes, as David said the birds spread the seed to wild areas and the plants then choke out all the native vegetation.
I killed off one really easily. I cut it to the stump,covered the stump with sugar(filling and creating small holes) and covered the whole stump with black plastic using duct tape to seal it off good(in summer) and whaaaa Laaa! Baked tree stump gone forever!!! I have one I can't cut down until another tree takes it's place! I hate the dern thing! It smells funny!!! PJ
Yep, I taped it up with no ground area.I popped the thick black bag(contractors bags work well)over the stump(didn't cut it flush),secured the tape around the bag at the bottome of the trunk flare(tight) and let the sun bake the whole mess. I actually did this with a 20' holly,nandina,privet and ligustrum. These giganto shrubs literally buried the front of the house. It looked like a giant hedge with a garage sticking out of it! Ug!!! PJ
Cool, I'll get some sugar, bags and the drill bit ready for this weekend. I have one that only gets morning sun at it's bottom, it's on the alley side, so that might take a bit longer.
I wonder if it'll work on ornamental pomegranates too? They're taking over the house.
I know of the drawbacks on these privets but still I planted quite a few on an elevated semicircle which surrounds a small pergola with a standing fountain. I couldn't think of anything else as evergreen, inexpensive, dark-green leafed (for depth), screening and fast growing.....and easy to shape. I rather like the soapy fragrance. So........ If anyone has a replacement idea, I would like to hear! I can always sell these on CL. Thanks!
I can't stand them, but probably only because my builder foolishly planted 5 of them close together in our VERY small backyard. They were planted to hide a VERY small green box, which you would think was huge considering the monstrous ligustrum around them. They finally grew way up into the trees above, and we were afraid they were going to damage the trees. We contacted our neighborhood associated, and told them we were going to cut them down (a requirment in our hood). They had the nerve to ask why we would cut down perfectly good shrubs. My husband ran into the backyard with an axe, so I could say that the shrubs were "dying" LOL. Now there are some beautiful barbados cherry shrubs in their place.
I know this is an old thread but if anyone searches and turns this up like I did:
Japanese privet is not called "invasive" because it invades your yard, it is invasive because it escapes cultivation and invades wild areas! You may not see ligustrum escape from your yard, but birds are eating the berries your tree puts out, and they deposit them in other areas. Once established in the wild, ligustrum crowds out native species. The canopy of the trees grow so thick that no grasses can grow underneath. Without vegetation holding the soil in with its roots, that can create a real problem for water quality, in addition to taking away a lot of the plants animals eat to survive.
Find out more on texasinvasives.org
Well all I can say is that if you want or need a nice wall of green to screen out a neighbors unattractive yard or if you want privacy in your backyard these plants are the way to go. You will quickly have a beautiful high wall of green that stays beautiful and full all year round. I like having privacy when I am in my yard, and these plants give me plenty of it and with no care on my part. This plant is a winner to me. It is a classic too!
Sorry for the necro-post, but I came across this thread as I was Googling for something else. I just wanted to chime in with my observations...
I work with a tree guy and these Ligustrums are one of our top three removal trees. Hackberry and red cedar are the others. The main reason for removal is because they get way, way too large for the area in which they are planted. Other major reasons are a desire to 'go native' and the mess that they leave with the berries. The boss can't stand these things, and he's one who will go to great lengths to save an otherwise-healthy tree... even a hackberry.
People call hacks 'trash trees' and while they do have some bad habits, are weak, and are not very long-lived trees compared to other species-- they do provide good homes for wild birds, butterflies (hackberry emperors and tawny emperors especially) and other critters. Even for all of the negatives that we commonly associate with hacks, he would rather save a hackberry over a ligustrum.
So I just moved into a house with three decent sized Waxleaf Ligustrums I'm debating what to do with. I know L. Lucidum is the horribly invasive one here in the Austin area and would remove these if I had them on my property. It seems like L. Japonicum (Waxleaf Ligustrum), which I have is better behaved. While they're not something I'd ever plant myself, I'm debating if they're worth the effort of getting rid of or should just keep them and train them up into small trees.


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ElterAgo wrote:
I don't think most would have a problem with that. Unfortunately you get a lot of "I don't know. I have no opinion. What do you want to do? What are we supposed to do now? Did I miss the GM telling us something? ... "
There often is zero RP. Just days of sentence fragments putting off the decision onto 'someone/anyone' else.
I put this on your GM. It's section 1.4, above.
Painlord wrote:
Don't be afraid to cut bad players. You can replace them easily enough...but if a player is not contributing, or is sucking the soul from you or other players, it is your duty to cut them before they do too much damage. As one Venture Captain once told me: "You got to scrape the barnacles off the boat if you want to sail quickly."
Get, or get with, players who want to play, and who want to push. If they aren't playing, they need to yield the chair to the hundreds of players who want to play.


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The best port of departure to your Italian ancestors' adventure
Italian Last Names (Cognomi Italiani)
There's also an interesting point about misspelled surnames because of immigration issues. You'll find in this list several variations of the same surname.
Italian Surnames List
More than 40,000 surnames currently used in Italy. With every surname, you'll find an access to external links containing information about them: where the surname is geographically located in Italy, how it's distributed into provinces; its meaning, its origin and its coat of arms (in the case of having one). Read MoreBrowse on this list:
Browse on this list (new database - under construction)
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GENS - Geographical distribution of surnames
Maps Showing Locations of Italian Surnames.
Cognomix - Italian Surnames Locator
Distribution of the surnames according to regions, provinces or Italian communes.
Italian coats of arms - Noble Families
Coats of arms do not represent a surname, but a specific family carrying that coat ofarms.
Names and Surnames - Etymologies and an index of surnames
Nomi e cognomi - Saggio di ricerche e Storiche etimologiche, by Angelo Bongioanni.
The 100 most common Italian surnames
The results will be presented in decreasing order of popularity.
Italian surnames derived from the name Giovanni (John in English)
A large number of Italian surnames derive from first names with a Latin origin.
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Meaning and Originis
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- Origin and Etymology of Italian surnames - History of surnames.
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Lists of Italian Surnames
There are some sites in Internet where genealogists can add the surname they are interested in, giving the reference of their own e-mails to be later contacted. The goal of these databases is to contact people searching for the same surname, to exchange information and perhaps to discover that they have some common relative. When a surname is found, we can contact the visitor who left his or her e-mail on there. There are several websites in English containing these lists: Italian Surname Database and AviTree


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Monty Python's SPAMALOT – May 1-10, 2015
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Town Square
New nightclub goes before Pleasanton Planning Commission tonight
Original post made on Feb 27, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Wednesday, February 27, 2013, 7:48 AM
Comments (3)
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Feb 27, 2013 at 9:32 am
Same owner, different name?
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Feb 27, 2013 at 10:21 am
Ok, in addition to the public whizzings, fights, and occaisional knifings and shootings that occur outside Redcoats, we now get to have that at Gateway Center. No doubt it will also result in a few more robberies and muggins as well.
a resident of Canyon Oaks
on Feb 27, 2013 at 2:00 pm
I guess if Walnut Creek can have a Yacht Club, pleasanton should be able to have CocoNut Beach bar?
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