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Comfort Suites
4699 Bill Gardner Pkwy
Locust Grove, GA 30248
Phone: (678) 827-7700
Fax: (678) 827-7800
»Noah's Ark Animal Sanctuary
This non-profit organization rehabilitates all sorts of wild and domestic animals that have met with misfortune - from horses, birds, pigs and sheep to bears, monkeys, cougars, and wolves. It also brings together children and animals so they both can learn to provide unconditional love, service and a future of hope to each other. Visitors are welcome at the animal center throughout the week for guided educational tours. However, inclement weather or special events may alter tour times, so it's best to call ahead to confirm. Although tours are free, donations are appreciated to help the center continue its important work.
»Jailhouse Brewing Company
Know the art of brewing your favorite drink as you sit and chat with the experienced brewers of Jailhouse Brewing Company. Open only for two days in a week, this place provides you with a tour full of information on the art of crafting spirits. Jailhouse Brewing Company makes sure that you have a good time with informal conversations. Taste some of the fresh hand-crafted beers as you spend a relaxing evening at Jailhouse Brewing Company. Visit their website to know more about their tours and bookings.
»Abbey Church
This is the only working monastery in the state, and was founded in 1944 by a group of 20 Cistercian monks from Kentucky. A daily mass is held and is open to the public. On the 13th of every month, Nancy Fowler comes to speak on what she claims to be her visions from the Virgin Mary. The monks operate a gift shop on site offering fresh baked breads, and there is also a greenhouse and plant shop featuring authentic Japanese bonsai. Marvel at the Abbey Church's iconic glass-stained walls.
»Monastery of the Holy Spirit
Constructed in 1944, this landmark has been a home and place of devotion to Trappist monks for over half a century. Stressing penance and prayer over conversation, these reflective monks work and live at the monastery to this day, and don't leave the confines unless absolutely necessary. The living quarters are not open to the public, but tours are available of the grounds, the greenhouse, and the Gothic abbey. A gift shop is also located on the grounds. Public Mass is conducted on Sundays.
»Clayton County International Park
Clayton County International Park, located 20 minutes to the south of Atlanta, was constructed for the beach volleyball competition of the 1996 Olympic Games, and now serves as one of Atlanta's most complete water parks. In addition to a 6200 capacity volleyball stadium and 13 courts, the park offers a beach on its six-acre (2.5 hectare) lake, several water slides, and a pool for small children. Miniature golf, basketball, softball, hiking and fishing are also offered. Check the website for varying schedule of operations.
»Stately Oaks Plantation
This beautifully restored antebellum plantation has a history as expansive and magnificent as its rooms. Built in 1839 in the Greek Revival style, the home was moved to its present location from outside of Jonesboro and named for the large trees surrounding it. Previously, it had housed both Northern and Southern troops during the Civil War in 1864.
»Honey Creek Golf Club
Honey Creek Golf Club consists of a beautiful golf course which is an ideal spot for family outings. It includes a clubhouse with amenities including a service lounge, banquet facilities, a swimming pool and tennis court. It was voted as "Conyers' Best Golf Course".
»Panola Mountain Conservation Park
Just 17 miles (27 kilometers) southeast of Atlanta, this 617-acre (250-hectare) park offers a variety of outdoor activities. Explore the natural splendor on any of the park's trails, or stop by on the weekend for a guided hike to the top of the Panola Mountain. Hikers will enjoy the many species of flora and fauna that abound here, as well as the rock formations along the face of the 940-foot (286-meter) mountain itself. An interpretive center is located at the head of the trails, where regular nature hikes are organized by park rangers. See their website for maps, calendar of park events, and reservation details.
»Dixieland Fun park
Located 30 minutes southwest of the city, this amusement park is open on weekends. Although there's plenty of fun for adults, the park is geared toward kids, with bumper boats, batting cages, laser tag, and three go-cart tracks. A miniature golf course, video arcade, and play maze are also available. Bulk tickets can be purchased 200 at a time since they are the cheapest. There are also occasional "armband specials" that offer unlimited access to certain rides for a certain price.
»Clayton Springs Farms
This farm is not far from downtown Atlanta, and offers a sweet retreat from city life. Trail rides, picnics, and many other activities are offered on this 100-acre (40-hectare) estate, which features both farmland and woodlands. Perhaps the most popular events are the moonlight hayrides, offered nightly throughout the year in fair weather. Business retreats, office picnics, and private events can all be organised, and 15 acres (six hectares) can be for camping.
»Holliday-Dorsey-Fife House Museum
This majestic antebellum house and city landmark, built in 1855, is now converted into a historic museum housing a variety of historic exhibits. Passed down through several historic Fayetteville families (which explains the multiple names), the museum features an exhibit of memorabilia from Margaret Mitchell's Gone With The Wind, a replica of the first flag made in Fayette County, relics from the Civil War and a garden of native and historically important plants! Self-guided and guided tours available.
»Milton Daniel Park
Milton Daniel Park is tucked away near the Morrow City Hall and is known for its Christmas In the Park and Safe Halloween annual events. This green space has got picnic tables, restrooms, and playgrounds for children. It has also got walking trails and its not uncommon to see walkers early in the morning doing their rounds.


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Connect With Us800-299-9470
How Will My Product(s) Be Delivered?When purchasing a large appliance from AppliancesConnection, a representative will contact you 48 hours prior to arriving to your location to schedule a delivery date and a 4 hour time window. Upon delivery, your product will be unloaded and ready for you to open and inspect. If you have chosen White Glove service, the item will be placed in your room of choice and the debris will be removed.
Learn more about our shipping policy.
Free Scheduled DeliveryDelivery will be scheduled when item reaches your local distribution center. Signature will be required.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Homer Bailey SP CIN 3 days ago
Bailey (forearm) will have two more starts in Arizona before continuing his rehab assignment in the minor leagues.
He may need more than one or two starts at either Double-A Pensacola or Triple-A Louisville before gettign activated from the DL. He's now up to three innings, so he still needs to build up his arm strength.
Homer Bailey SP CIN 5 days ago
Bailey (forearm) allowed one earned run on three hits and two walks, with four strikeouts over three innings, in a minor league game Friday. "[It felt] pretty good," Bailey told MLB.com. "We were able to get our three innings in under 45 pitches, bounce back between innings fairly well, things were on the right track."
Bailey struggled in the first, giving up a run on two hits and a walk, and the Reds decided to just end the frame after two outs with the right-hander already up to 20 pitches -- teams can control the rules in minor league exhibition games. Manager Bryan Price said he was happy with the adjustments Bailey made in the second inning, saying Bailey "looked terrific" over the rest of the outing. Up next for Bailey is another minor league start, scheduled for April 1. It appears he will open the year on the DL and miss at least a couple of starts.
Homer Bailey SP CIN 1 week ago
Bailey (forearm) threw two minor league innings Sunday, not allowing a run while striking out two against a walk and one hit.
Bailey is expected to keep throwing minor league starts so as to be eligible to come off the DL shorter than 15 days after the start of the season. "My elbow felt great," Bailey said. "We started with two innings. We'll just kind of go from there."
Homer Bailey SP CIN 2 weeks ago
Bailey (forearm) will throw a bullpen session Thursday, John Fay of the Cincinnati Enquirer reports.
Bailey has been dealing with a stomach virus as well as a flexor tendon issue, but he's scheduled to pitch in a minor league game Sunday. The Reds are not in a rush to bring him back, as he's already expected to begin the regular season on the DL.
Homer Bailey SP CIN 2 weeks ago
Bailey (forearm) missing a live batting practice session Tuesday due to a stomach virus.
Given that Bailey was slated to begin the year on the DL anyways, this is a very minor setback. "It's not a big deal yet," manager Bryan Price said. "The second live batting practice was a suggestion as far as his schedule went. I don't think he was interested in throwing a second live batting practice as much as he was throwing in a game. So we can still modify his schedule to allow him to stay on schedule to throw in a game environment on the 22nd. But we've got to see how he's feeling. There's no purpose in putting him on the mound if he's weak and tired and vulnerable to the injury. So we have to see when we feel he's strong enough to get out there on the mound."
Homer Bailey SP CIN 2 weeks ago
Bailey (forearm) faced batters in live batting practice Saturday for the first time this spring.
Though he's still expected to begin the year on the DL, Bailey continued to progress. "It went fine," Bailey said. "There is still work to be done. It's not like we're going to go out there and throw seven innings yet. There were good points and bad."
Homer Bailey SP CIN 3 weeks ago
Bailey (forearm) threw a 49-pitch bullpen session Sunday where he incorporated offspeed pitches and pitches from the stretch for the first time this spring.
Bailey was especially encouraged by his command with the slider. "Strangely enough, it was probably the best command with the slider I've ever had. I just used them all up," Bailey said. "A slider and split, to me, doesn't put as much stress on my forearm and elbow as a fastball does, sheer velocity wise."
Homer Bailey SP CIN 1 month ago
Bailey's (forearm) first mound throwing session Friday went well, as he first threw long-toss and then threw 20 pitches from a mound.
Bailey remains well behind his teammates. "That kind of tells where he is -- he's behind the others," manager Bryan Price said. "We'll just see how it goes. Probably a minimum of four bullpens, maybe five, before he gets to live batting practice, and then we'll reassess. We will not rush him back. I don't think we're expecting him to be ready for Opening Day, but we'll see how things go."
Homer Bailey SP CIN 1 month ago
Bailey (forearm) is back on a throwing protocol and may not be ready for Opening Day, C. Trent Rosecrans of the Cincinnati Enquirer reports. "I don't know that it'll be Opening Day, but it won't be May either," said manager Bryan Price.
Bailey hasn't been cleared for work on the mound yet, and now it appears he will not be ready for the beginning of the regular season. However, it appears as his return will be slated for some point during the first month of the season, limiting the loss in value to potential fantasy owners.
Homer Bailey SP CIN 1 month ago
Bailey (flexor mass tendon) hasn't yet been cleared to throw from a mound, though he has been throwing on the side.Bailey had a normal rest day Saturday. "It takes a little longer for him to get loose, he's still breaking up scar tissue in his elbow and things of that nature," Reds manager Bryan Price said. "But he feels good. We haven't had a setback since the surgery date, and I think at this point in time, I haven't discounted having him open the season on our active roster."


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We stock a big range of games to suit everyone – from preschoolers right through to adults. With brain-teasers, card games, travel games, board games memory, strategy and fun family games, we're sure you'll find a game that matches your interests!
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Catan Ancient Egypt - Collectors Edition
The sun of Catan rises over the hot desert sands of Ancient Egypt. Klaus Teuber has re-worked his masterpiece The Settlers of Catan for this unique collector's edition. About the game:There are three different scenarios included: the base game, allowing you to play the game you know and love in an Egyptian setting; 'Help from the Gods' which introduces....


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Hotel Zonne
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Anne Frank Huis, Canals & More
... and sadness walking through the place where her and her family were in hiding. They have done such a magnificent job of preserving their house and some of the items from that time! They still had the markings on the wall of Anne and her sister's growth charts, and some of the magazines Anne was given by those who were hiding her. They even had Anne's original diary on display. WOW! One of the coolest things to see was the original bookcase that was also the ...
Travelling from Amsterdam to Munich
... for the final hour. Our hotel it turns out is only about a 2min walk from the train station, yay something that was easy today! Our room is 5 floors up and lovely and spacious so we are very lucky! After checking in we went for a walk to find a laundrette, where we met a nice and overly helpful American couple who showed us step by step how to use the washing machine and dryers! They also very proudly told ...
Dodging Bicycles in Amsterdam
... out of town and no queuing necessary. After two floors a reviving coffee was needed, before returning to the amazingly lifelike Dutch masters. Much of it was quite dark but portrayed interesting stories. A very distinctive style, but after 4 hours, we had seen enough men in black and lace ruffles. Lunch at a nearby café then back for a rest at our room. That night we had dinner with Kate and Geoff Hart from Noosa, also here at present and it was lovely to see familiar ...
Amsterdam days 1-3
... something and regulate it, things aren't as bad as they seem. I like the story of how the red light district came about - sailors having spent months at sea would port at Amsterdam, spend their money on booze, food and legal women. The next day they would go to church , confess their sins and the church would hand out a penance tax and clear the sailors of sin. Everyone's a winner!!! Day 3: Anne Frank house. While both dean and I had ...
Tulips and canals
... tree! Turns out they're ring-necked parakeets, living ferally far north of their historical range.
Spent some more time in the Rijksmuseum, having not had enough last trip. Many masterpieces there. Also visited the interesting Dutch Resistance Museum, a couple of canal houses and Nieuwe Kerk (new church), where the World Press Photo competition photographs were being exhibited. Amazing work! Had an informative tour of a social-housing ...


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metal plant labels and floppy disks
xstradiaOctober 17, 2004
I had my first major trash to treasure break through.
I am going to use the metal flappy part of 3.5 floppy disks to make metal plant labels. I have figured out that I can use metal coat hangers to make the kind that stand up. Does anyone have any tightwad solutions on how to attach ones that I want to attach directly to the plant? Would the metal garbage bag twist ties work?
MOST OF ALL- What can I do with rest of the disk? I have about 100 or so and feel guilty throwing them all away.
ANY application- gardening or non will be useful.


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As the editor of a missions magazine I am continually critiquing evangelical mission efforts around the world so Ann, you pose some fair questions about the use of scarce resources. The problem is that not going is not an option for an obedient Jesus follower. We are ALL commanded to go and make disciples of all nations (people groups). But many of those people groups are here in the US as well. There are not too many people going as missionaries, only 1 in 1000 evangelicals go as missionaries. The most fundamental problem in America is that the Christians have failed to make disciples who disciple others. They think their only responsibility is to go to church services when they have been called to be on mission with God to be agents of change in America and around the world. If the majority of evangelicals in America were actually living on mission with God to make disciples of Jesus Christ then we could transform both America and the world.
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The hidden costs of the nuke deal with Iran
- By Michael SinghMichael Singh is a former senior director for Middle East affairs at the U.S. National Security Council.
When companies are faced with making a decision between multiple risky options, they will often seek out information in order to reduce their uncertainty. So, a pharmaceutical firm will conduct clinical trials in order to determine if a drug is safe or dangerous, information that could mean the difference between profitable sales and damaging litigation. Such an investment in information is never free — indeed, it often comes at a significant cost that must be weighed against the value of the knowledge obtained.
In this sense, the recently concluded U.S.-Iran talks in Geneva can be considered a diplomatic purchase of information. The United States, by offering to remove Iran's low-enriched uranium and turn it into the raw material required to make medical isotopes, is testing Iran's claim of peaceable intent and the Obama administration's hopes for engagement. If the Iranians comply, they may be open to further compromise, perhaps as a result of the political pressure they have faced at home since the summer's election turmoil. Their refusal, on the other hand, would serve as a clear signal of intransigence and lead Washington to pursue an alternative path. The most likely result is somewhere in between — Iran gives no clear answer, but seeks to draw out talks and divide the P5+1 — meaning that the United States has to ensure that we and our allies agree on what constitutes an acceptable response from Tehran. Whatever the result, it is a bold and innovative gambit by the United States, and the Iran hands at the National Security Council should be commended for devising it.
Like all purchases of information, however, this one comes at a cost. The P5+1 have had to accept the uranium enrichment which Iran has conducted in recent years in defiance of multiple U.N. Security Council resolutions. Even if it ultimately does not reach a deal to send its LEU abroad, Iran will surely seek to pocket this concession and declare a measure of victory. Similarly, by presenting the admission of IAEA inspectors to the until-recently-covert Qom enrichment plant as a concession, Iran gains tacit international acceptance of a facility built in defiance of its Nonproliferation Treaty obligations. If the P5+1 accepts this fait accompli and negotiates to limit rather than eliminate uranium enrichment in Iran and to monitor rather than shut down the Qom facility, the result could be a dangerous one for the stability of the Middle East and the viability of the global nonproliferation regime.
Another cost of the current U.S. initiative is that it risks demoralizing Iran's ascendant political opposition by bolstering the regime at a time when its legitimacy at home appears to be waning. Given that an internal transformation in Iran may be the best hope for long-run peace and stability in the region, any action that risks delaying it could be costly indeed. None of this is to say that the current approach should not be tried, given the paucity of attractive options; it is simply to say that it is not free. At some point the purchases of information must end, and a decision must be taken. A pharmaceutical company that conducts many clinical trials but sells no drugs eventually finds itself out of business.
SAMUEL KUBANI/AFP/Getty Images
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Obama official: Iran medical isotopes claim a "transparent ploy"Josh Rogin
Josh Rogin covers national security and foreign policy and writes the daily Web column The Cable. His column appears bi-weekly in the print edition of The Washington Post. He can be reached for comments or tips at email@example.com.
Previously, Josh covered defense and foreign policy as a staff writer for Congressional Quarterly, writing extensively on Iraq, Afghanistan, Guantánamo Bay, U.S.-Asia relations, defense budgeting and appropriations, and the defense lobbying and contracting industries. Prior to that, he covered military modernization, cyber warfare, space, and missile defense for Federal Computer Week Magazine. He has also served as Pentagon Staff Reporter for the Asahi Shimbun, Japan's leading daily newspaper, in its Washington, D.C., bureau, where he reported on U.S.-Japan relations, Chinese military modernization, the North Korean nuclear crisis, and more.
A graduate of George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, Josh lived in Yokohama, Japan, and studied at Tokyo's Sophia University. He speaks conversational Japanese and has reported from the region. He has also worked at the House International Relations Committee, the Embassy of Japan, and the Brookings Institution.
Josh's reporting has been featured on CNN, MSNBC, C-Span, CBS, ABC, NPR, WTOP, and several other outlets. He was a 2008-2009 National Press Foundation's Paul Miller Washington Reporting Fellow, 2009 military reporting fellow with the Knight Center for Specialized Journalism and the 2011 recipient of the InterAction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. He hails from Philadelphia and lives in Washington, D.C.| The Cable |


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A pickup device such as a camera or a microphone is adjustably mounted on a movable support. Signal-generating means on the support provide signals representing the movement of the support with respect to a subject of the pickup device and these signals are combined to provide a vector displacement signal. A control system mounted on the support receives the vector displacement signal and uses it to adjust the pickup device so that a predetermined relationship between the pickup device and the subject is maintained irrespective of movement of the support or the subject.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent [72] Inventors Dexter Robert Plummer 12/1968 Burns et a1... 178/D1G. 2| Leicester; 2,178,228 10/1939 Goldsmith... 352/139 John Denzil Barr, Oadby, both of England 2,618,209 1 1/1952 Silent l78/7.2 E [21] Appl. No. 729,953 3,057,953 10/1962 Guerth 178/6 [22] Filed May 17, 1968 3,039,022 6/1962 Guerth 178/68 [45] Patented Jan. 11, 1972 OTHER REFERENCES [73] Asslgnee The Rank organisation Lim'ted IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin vol. 5 No. 6 November London, England 1962 [32] Priority May 18, 1967 [33] Great Britain Primary Examiner-Robert L. Richardson [3]] 23,236/67 Assistant Examiner-Donald E. Stout Attorney-Griffin, Branigan and Kindness [54] AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTING MOUNTING MEANS FOR STUDIO PICKUP DEVICES 11 Claims, 5 Drawing Figs. [52] US. Cl 355/56, ABSTRACT; A pickup device such as a camel-a a ns/DlG-zl, I'm/D1619, 178/DIG'30' 179/] microphone is adjustably mounted on a movable support. 352/140 Signal-generating means on the support provide signals [51] [I'll- Cl H04m 5/24 representing h movement f th Support ith respect t a [50] Field of Search l78/DIG. subject of the pickup device and these Signa|s are combined to 6 R1 1 R1 211352/139, provide a vector displacement signal. A control system 140; 355/52, 56; 179/] R; 250/203 CT mounted don the supper; receilves thi vecor displacilment 81 na an uses it to a 'ust t e ic u evice so I at a {56] References Clted pr edetermined relationshi p betwee the pickup device and UNITED STATES PATENTS the subject is maintained irrespective of movement ofthe sup- 3,315,032 4/1967 Hecker 7 port or the subject.
PATENTED m1 1 1912 316341008 SHEET 0F 5 I II II II II II r4: .pz/vnuroe PATENTED 1111111 11972 SHEET 5 [IF 5 AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTING MOUNTING MEANS FOR STUDIO PICKUP DEVICES This invention relates to mounting systems for audio or visual sensing devices such as a camera or microphones, such as are employed in television and cinematographic studios.
According to the invention there is provided a mounting system for an audio or visual sensing device such as a camera or microphone, comprising a movable support, a mounting assembly for said sensing device mounted on the support and adjustable relative thereto, and a control system responsive to signals representative of the position or change in position of the support and/or the sensing device and effective to maintain a desired relationship between a said sensing device mounted on the mounting assembly and a subject irrespective of movement of the support and/or the sensing device.
In one embodiment of the invention, the mounting assembly is adapted to support a television or cinematographic camera and the control signal is effective to adjust a camera function so that the image in the camera of a subject under view is maintained in a desired state irrespective of support and/or camera movement. In the case where movement of the camera or a part of the camera such as movement of or part of, the camera objective is necessary to maintain the state of the image, an actuator driven by the control system is used to effect such movement.
In a further embodiment of the invention the mounting assembly is movable angularly with respect to the support to enable the sensing device to be aimed at any point on the subject under view, an actuator controlled by the control system being effective to orientate the sensing device so as to maintain said device aimed at said point irrespective of support movement.
Where the mounting assembly is adapted to support a camera an actuator controlled by the control system may be effective to adjust the focus setting of an objective lens on said camera so as to maintain in sharp focus a subject in the field of view of the camera irrespective of support and/or camera movement.
In a further embodiment of the invention the camera includes an objective lens unit of variable focal length, and the actuator is effective to adjust the focal length of said lens unit so as to maintain a constant size of an image in the camera ofa subject irrespective of support and/or camera movement.
Conveniently, the control system includes at least one input connected to a demand unit which is effective to operate the respective actuator to establish initially the desired relationship between said sensing device and said subject, or to effect a desired change in said relationship.
In the case where the sensing device is mounted for displacement in three dimensions, a signal indicative of the vector displacement in any direction with respect to the subject may be obtained from any suitable combination of movement signals effective to produce a vector quantity. Such a vector quantity may be obtained from any one linear or curvilinear scalar measurement together with two independent angular measurements.
Alternatively two linear displacement measurements together with one angular displacement measurementmay be suitably combined to produce the desired vector quantity. Three linear displacement measurements may also be suitably combined to produce the desired vector quantity.
The measurements may be obtained from any suitable position, acceleration or speed-responsive devices. Where the sensing device is a camera, the linear or curvilinear measurements of camera displacements relative to the subject are conveniently derived from measurements of the adjustments required in order to refocus the camera objective as the subject-camera distance varies as a result of camera displacement. Ultrasonic or radar ranging means may also be adopted to derive linear displacement measurements. Angular displacement measurements are derived from any angular position responsive transducer well known in the art. Suitable transducers are potentiometers, synchro shaft encoders, Hall effect devices or polarimeters.
A computing arrangement is conveniently utilized to modify and to process any scalar, linear and angular measurements which are necessary to produce the said vector quantity. The computing arrangement may be adapted to receive measurement signals, individually or in combination, in analogue or in digital form.
These measurement signals may be electrical, mechanical, hydrostatic or pneumatic and may be in the form of information carrying fluid flow, sonic energy, or electric or magnetic fields.
The means for driving the camera to produce angular orien tation may be any actuator, for example any mechanical, electrical or hydrostatic actuator, well known in the art. The actuator used may in an embodiment derive its motive power from the actual displacement of the movable support.
An embodiment of the invention will now be particularly described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a support for producing displacement of a television camera including a zoom objective and including means for producing a correcting signal effective automatically to pan the camera to keep it constantly aimed at a subject irrespective of camera displacement.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the support of FIG. 1 and including means for producing a correcting signal effective automatically to tilt the camera to keep it constantly aimed at a subject irrespective of camera displacement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the support of FIG. 1 and including means for producing a correcting signal effective automatically to maintain the camera zoom objective sharply focused upon a stationary subject irrespective of camera displacement.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the support of FIG. 1 and including means for producing a correction signal effective automatically to maintain the camera constantly zoomed upon a stationary subject irrespective of camera displacement.
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computing circuit effective to perform the combined functions of the correction signal producing circuits shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
Referring to FIG. 1, the camera system comprises a trolley 2 having three pivotally mounted wheels which are disposed at the apices of a triangle and which are coupled so as to pivot in unison and provide steering of the trolley 2. In this embodiment sprockets 8 secured to the wheel pivots are coupled to a continuous chain 6, which is driven to pivot the wheels 4 in unison by being urged into engagement with a further driving sprocket 10. The sprocket 10 produces steering movement of the chain 6 by being coupled to a manually operated steering bar 12 by way ofa shaft 14.
Supported upon the trolley 2, is a camera mounting assembly indicated generally at 17. The assembly includes a vertical stub shaft (not shown) upon which the camera indicated generally at 18 is mounted for a pivotal movement in a horizontal plane to produce panning thereof. Also included in the mounting assembly 17 is a horizontal shaft (also not shown) enabling the camera to pivot in a vertical plane to produce tilting thereof. Tilting and panning movements are produced by individual actuators of any kind well known in the art, for example those types of actuators hereinbefore referred to.
Suitably mounted at the front end of the camera, 8, is a zoom objective 9 providing a continuous variation of focal length over a range. Focusing of the objective upon subjects at varying subject distances from the camera is provided by axial movement of the focus lens element 22, within the objective.
Dealing first with pan compensation, it has been found that the rate of panning 9 which must be applied to the camera by the panning actuator, in order to keep the camera constantly aimed upon a stationary subject irrespective of camera displacement, is equivalent to (-V Sin Ill/D(F) Cos 45) where V is the scalar linear velocity of the camera and support, D(F) is the scalar separation between the camera and the subject, at is the angle between the line of sight of the camera and the horizontal and ll! is the direction of motion of the trolley 2 with respect to the horizontal projection of the line of sight. The arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is effective automatically to produce such panning compensation.
Referring again to FIG. 1, a velocity-responsive device in the form of a tachogenerator 30, is coupled to one of the driving wheels 4 of the trolley 2, and produces an output signal equivalent to the scalar velocity V of the trolley. The output signal V is applied to a linear potentiometer 32, which is coupled to the actuating mechanism of the focus element 22 and is effective to modify an input signal as a linear function of the focus setting and thereby of the separation D(F) between the camera and the subject. The input signal V thus will leave the potentiometer 32 as a signal V/D(F). This signal from potentiometer 32 is applied to a further angular position responsive device in the form ofa sine potentiometer 34.
The stator and the rotor of the potentiometer 34 respectively are coupled to the steering drive shaft 14, and the assembly 17, or vice-versa, so that the potentiometer 34 is sensitive to the overall angular displacement ill of the camera relative to the direction of motion and, accordingly, produces an output signal Vsintl1/D(F). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a change in the direction of movement of the camera produces a change in the potentiometer 34. This output signal finally is applied to a third potentiometer 36 sensitive to the vertical angular displacement of the camera, and having secant law characteristics. This potentiometer accordingly modifies the input signal to produce an output signal Vsin b/D(F)cos which is equivalent to the required pancorrecting signal.
The correcting signal is then applied directly or indirectly by way of an amplifier, to a panning actuator (FIG. effective to produce sufficient panning of the camera-to maintain constant the position in the camera picture the image of a selected point in the subject under view. The panning actuator may be arranged to receive an overriding signal from a panning demand unit, in order to change that point in the subject, the position of whose image is subsequently maintained stationary in the camera picture, or to allow for movement of the subject.
The arrangement for producing sufficient compensating tilting of the camera 18, in order to maintain a subject in the field of view as a result of substantially vertical camera dis; placement is shown in FIG. 2. In this case the rate of tilting which must be applied to the camera to compensate for elevation changes and traction changes is Vcosipsinhcos/D(F) where Ii is the rate ofincrease of height ofthe camera in a vertical direction.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the component Vcostpsimp of the tilting correcting signal is derived as follows:
The output signal from the tachogenerator 30 which is equivalent to the scalar velocity of the trolley 2, is applied to the potentiometer 32, which is coupled to the actuating mechanism of the focusing element 22 and emerges from the wiper of potentiometer 32 as a signal V/D(F). This signal is applied to a cosine potentiometer 35 sensitive to I11 and emerges from the wiper of this potentiometer as an output signal of Vcostp/D(F).
The output signal from potentiometer 35 is now applied to a suitable resolver or to one gang 37 of a sine-cosine potentiometer coupled to the pan mechanism of the camera and sensitive to pan movement qb, and emerges from the sine wiper of this potentiometer as an output signal of Vcosthsind /D(F).
The h cos qb component of the correcting signal is derived as follows: f"
A signal indicative of the rate of height increase h of the camera is produced in a tachogenerator 40 coupled between the trolley 2 and the vertically movable portion of the camera support 17. This signal It is applied to a potentiometer 33 also coupled to the actuating mechanism of the focusing element 22 of the zoom objective and emerges as a signal h/D(F).
This signal is applied to a suitable resolver or to the other gang 38 of the potentiometer sensitive to d) and emerges as a signal of Iicos/D(F) which is combined with the signal VCOSIIJSII1D(F) in any suitable adding circuit well known in the art, to produce the combined correcting signal required. As in the case of panning, this correcting signal is used to directly or indirectly drive a tilting actuator (FIG. 5). Again, as in the case of panning, the tilting actuator may be arranged to produce tilting on demand independently of correction tiltmg.
Buffering adding and inverting amplifiers of a kind well known to persons skilled in the art are inserted into the arrangements of FIGS. 1 to 5 where required. These additional circuit elements are not germane to the present invention and have accordingly been omitted for the sake ofclarity. The arrangement for producing correction of focus at a rate F and as a result of camera displacement is shown in FIG. 3. Referring to the figure, the required focus correction signal Vcos\/1cos+hsinqS/D(F) is in the manner of the previous arrangements, obtained by passing the sealer velocity signal V from tachogenerator 30 to one gang of the linear potentiometer 32, a second gang ofwhich also receives the scalar velocity signal Ii derived from the tachogenerator 40. The resultant output signals V/D(F) and h/D(F) from the gangs of potentiometer 32, respectively are applied to a cosine potentiometer 35 and to the resolver 37, 38, or sine-cosine potentiometers 37, 38 and subsequently to adder 41. Adder 41 also receives the output signal Vcosrlz/D(F) from potentiometer 34. Potentiometers 38, 37 accordingly produce two outputs hsin/D(F) and vCOStlJCOS/D(F) which are summed in the adder 41 and applied to a potentiometer 44 which may in some cases be substantially linear also coupled to the actuator moving the focus element 22 of the zoom objective. The input signals modified in potentiometer 44 are thus combined as an output signal of -Vcostl1cosd +hsin/D'(F) which is the focus rate signal necessary to produce focus correction as a result of camera displacement.
An overriding focus signal effective to change the focus condition and derived from a demand unit, may be suitably added into any convenient point in the focus correction system.
In the case where the focal length or zoom setting of the camera objective is also to be maintained in spite of camera displacement, the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 may be used. In this arrangement of FIG. 4, the focal length correction Signal is :f(z) V cos U cos 1 Sin 4*) where f(z)/f'(z) is proportional to the change in camera subject distance.
This correction signal necessary to maintain a constant zoom setting irrespective of camera displacement, is derived by passing the scalar signal V from tachogenerator 30 into potentiometer 32 which also receives the h signal from tachogenerator 40. The resultant output signal V/D(F) from potentiometer 32 is passed through the cosine portion of sinecosine potentiometer 34 sensitive to 111 to produce a signal Vcosip/D(F) which is then applied to the potentiometers 37, 38 together with the output signal h/D(F) from potentiometer 33. The outputs lisin/D(F) and Vcostpcos/D(F) respectively obtained from potentiometers 38, 37 are applied to another potentiometer 45 driven by the mechanism actuating the zoom element of the objective (FIG. 5) and modifying an input signal as a function of the zoom setting of the objective. The input signals modified in potentiometer 45 are combined in a suitable adder as an output of :f() (V cos U cos h sin 915) f U") which is the required correction signal.
As in all previous cases, an overriding zoom demand signal derived from a demand element may be suitably injected into any convenient point in the correction arrangement to produce overall zoom setting changes, or to maintain constant zoom on a moving subject.
It will be appreciated that many of the signal components used to produce pan, tilt, focus or zoom correction signals are common to two or more of these functions. Accordingly, many of the circuit elements devices and transducers producing these component signals may be suitably incorporated into a computing arrangement in which they perform two or more functions. Such a computing arrangement incorporated into a control circuit for driving the pan, tilt, focus and zoom actuators is shown in FIG. 5, the computing arrangement being constructed to produce pan, tilt, focus and zoom correction signals from the camera movement indicating devices or transducers in an economic manner. It will be appreciated that while the arrangement of FIG. 5 represents one effort to optimize the production of the various correction signals in an economic manner, it is not the only possible arrangement, and alternatives providing different signal-modifying operations in the same or different circuit elements are possible to achieve the same result.
Referring to FIG. 5, the various devices referred to in FIGS. 1 to 4 are identified by the same reference numerals, mechanical and electrical couplings respectively being indicated in thick and in thin lines. Also devices are indicated in square boxes, signals produced by these devices being enclosed by rounded boxes. The function of this circuit which combines the function of the arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be clearly apparent from the drawings so that a detailed description is unnecessary. However, purely as an example, it will be seen that the V and Ii signals respectively produced in the tachogenerators 30 and of FIGS. 1 to 4 are applied to function multipliers 32 which is the potentiometer 32 in the case where the signals are in analogue form.
However, it will be appreciated that the devices 30 and 40, as well as the remaining function multiplying and other devices may produce signals in digital form, in which case the function multipliers resolvers and other components in the computing arrangement would be adapted to handle digital information. Referring again to FIG. 5, in which mechanical and electrical couplings respectively are shown in the thick and thin lines, the panning rate correction signal produced is the same as that shown in FIG. 1. An overriding pan demand signal from a demand unit 50 is injected to the adder 52, the total pan signal comprising the correction signal and the demand signal being applied to a pan servo 52 which pans the camera through an angle 1).
It will also be apparent from FIG. 5, that tilting is produced by a tilt servo 54 and Zooming by a zoom servo 56, overriding zoom demand from the demand unit 57 being added in this case at the adder 58. Focusing is produced in the focus servo 60, overriding focus demand from the demand unit 62 being injected into the adder 64.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, signals indicative of the displacement of the camera can be obtained by measuring the coordinates or changes in the coordinates of any suitable point in the camera, and differentiating the coordinate signals to produce the displacement rate information used in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 5. Alternatively, the coordinate signals may be used in combination with the assumed or measured coordinates of the subject under view in order to compute the orientations of the camera which are essential to produce the correct aiming, focusing and zooming. Polar coordinate position information can be obtained from suitable angular position responsive devices such as potentiometers, and can, if desired, be converted by any suitable means into cartesian coordinate position information which subsequently may be converted into rate information, or may be directly used to produce correction signals.
Even where no change in camera position is required for artistic purposes by the operator, it may be desirable to feed into the system disclosed an additional correcting signal to negate a buildup of error with time, which may arise with some systems, or to follow a moving subject. Such additional corrections would be derived from one or more of a variety of sources, for example range errors could be corrected by an autofocus system as described in our Pat. application 30,267/65, refiled as 31,629/66, or both range and direction signals could be obtained by a radar or sonar device, using a transponder or a passive reflector attached to a subject.
The system of the present invention may in combination with many configurations of camera mounting (the name given to the device which supports, and is used in the displacement of, the camera) and the following examples of mounts are mentioned merely by way of example:
The vehicle known in TV usage as a Pedestal" The vehicle made and publicized by Messrs. Vinten known as "Peregrine" The mounting system disclosed in our copending application A nonspecialized vehicle, e.g., Helicopter, airplane, motor car, tracked vehicle, ship.
It will be appreciated that if a camera is taking a particular subject, i.e., it is pointed at and focused on the subject, and the lens is of such focal length that the subject fills the frame to the satisfaction of the operator, and the camera is then displaced to achieve a desired change of viewpoint, then the camera will, in general, and in the absence of the present invention be wrongly pointed, wrongly focused and the lens will be of the wrong focal length. Correction of pointing, focusing and zooming is thus difficult and time consuming, or, more seriously, if it is required to take a continuous" picture while the viewpoint is changing, and this is a frequent requirement in TV and cine production, the operation requires a team of operators working in unison. This is very difficult and may require much time in rehearsal as well as requiring operator skills which are difficult to attain.
The use of the arrangement according to the present invention makes it possible automatically to correct for any or all of the errors of camera pointing, focusing or changing focal length as a result of camera displacement, without the necessity of intervention by the operator. This makes it possible to superimpose upon the automatic corrections applied, any desired changes of aiming, focusing or focus changes to produce changes as a result of subject movement, whether these superimposed changes are produced by the operator or alternatively are obtained as a predetermined sequence of data from suitable means such as a storage device.
Moreover, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the mounting system herein described is applicable to the control of audio sensing devices such as microphones as well as visual sensing devices such as cameras. Thus, for example, the systems shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be employed to maintain a microphone aimed at a subject irrespective of movements of the microphone support relative to the subject. It will also be appreciated that an output signal from the control system can be used to control a camera function, for example an electronic circuit effective to maintain a desired image state.
We claim:
1. Mounting means for studio pickup devices such as cameras and microphones, said mounting means comprising:
a movable support,
a mounting assembly mounted on said support,
adjustment means on said support for adjusting the position of said mounting assembly relative to said support,
a pickup device on said mounting assembly,
first transducer means mounted on said support and responsive to movement of the support to generate a first signal representing a measurement of linear displacement of said support, second transducer means for generating further signals representing displacement of the mounting assembly,
signal-generating means for deriving, from said first signal and said further signals, signals representative of the vector displacement of said movable support in any direction relative to a subject, and
a control system responsive to said signal-generating means for maintaining a predetermined relationship between said pickup device and said subject irrespective of movement of the support.
2. Mounting means according to claim 1, wherein said second transducer means are operative to generate said further signals from two independent angular measurements.
3. Mounting means according to claim 1, wherein said second transducer means are operative to generate said further signals from a linear displacement measurement and an angular measurement.
4. Mounting means according to claim 1, wherein the pickup device is a camera and measurements of camera distance from the subject are derived from measurements of the adjustments made in order to refocus the camera as said distance varies.
5. Mounting means according to claim 1, wherein said signal-generating means comprises a computing arrangement operative to modify and process said first signal and said further signals to provide said signals representative of said vector displacement.
6. The mounting means of claim 5, wherein the computing arrangement is adapted to receive and process analogue signals.
7. The mounting means of claim 6 wherein said signals are electrical signals.
8 The mounting means of claim 1, wherein said mounting assembly is movable angularly relative to said movable support whereby said pickup device can be pointed at any point on the subject, and including an actuator on said mounting assembly said actuator being controlled by said control system whereby said pickup device is maintained pointed at a predetermined point on said subject irrespective of movement ofsaid support.
9. The mounting means of claim 1 wherein said pickup device is a camera, and including an adjustable focus objective lens for said camera, an actuator controlled by said control system, and means interconnecting said actuator and said objective lens, said interconnecting means transmitting movement of said actuator and thereby adjusting said adjustable focus I objective lens in response to movement of said actuator whereby the focus of said objective lens is maintained to produce a focused image of said subject irrespective of movement ofsaid support.
10. The mounting means of claim 1 wherein said pickup device is a camera, and including an objective lens unit of variable focal length on said camera,
an actuator controlled by said control system, and
means interconnecting said actuator and said objective lens unit, said interconnecting means transmitting movement of said actuator to said variable focal length objective lens unit and thereby adjusting said variable focal length objective lens in response to movement of said actuator whereby said focal length of said lens unit is adjusted to maintain constant the size of an image in said camera irrespective of movement ofsaid support.
11. The mounting means of claim 1, wherein the signals representative of the vector displacement of said movable support indicating velocity are measurements of velocity of the movable support.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Clove, cinnamon, allspice, nutmeg, and the like are, in my opinion, front and center in too many holiday desserts. Although a certain amount of the familiar bouquet is enjoyable, when October rolls around America seems to go on spice overload. (I'm talking to you Starbucks!) This golden delicious free-form pie is a way to get your seasonal dessert fix, hold the spice. The flavor highlights the sweet goodness of baked fruit with bright notes of lemon and subtle tones of ginger and vanilla all wrapped in a sturdy crust. If plums aren't available in your area, try making the galette with another variety of apple such as Braeburn or Gala. It's truly easy as pie.
Norm's Notes: H 2 Uh…oh.
When creating this galette recipe, I wanted to make sure the crust resisted becoming overly wet and soggy. This was not only to appease my dislike of gummy textures, but to insure the dessert would easily slice and transfer to plates once cooled. To accomplish the goal, I had to find a way to remove as much of the water from the fruit before baking. Tossing the fruit pieces in sugar and flavorings and allowing it to stand for 20 minutes released enough moisture to reduce the chances of a soggy underside without drastically altering the texture of the fruit. Once the excess juices were drained, two main benefits emerged. First, the bake time became more consistent; second, a syrupy glaze could be created from the reserved juices and drizzled on top after baking. You can use this trick on fruit pies, tarts and turnovers to relieve a soggy crust's main culprit: excess water.
Holiday Plum and Apple Galette
makes 6 to 8 servings
- 1 ½ cups all-purpose flour
- 1 Tbsp. granulated sugar
- ½ tsp. kosher salt
- ½ cup chilled unsalted butter, cut up into ½-inch pieces
- ¼ cup ice water
- 3 to 4 medium-size sweet green plums*, sliced (about ¾ pound)
- 3 large Golden Delicious apples, peeled, cored, and cut into large pieces (about ¾ pound)
- 1/2 cup granulated sugar
- 1 tsp. lemon zest
- 1 Tbsp. fresh lemon juice
- 1 tsp. vanilla extract
- 1/2 tsp. ground ginger
- 1 1/2 Tbsp. all-purpose flour
- 2 Tbsp. cold butter, cut into small pieces
- 1 egg white
- 1 Tbsp. turbinado sugar
- Coarsely chopped roasted hazelnuts
*Red plums may be substituted
1. Stir flour and next 2 ingredients together in a large bowl until blended. Cut butter into flour mixture using a pastry blender until butter pieces resemble small peas. Stir ice water, one tablespoon at a time, into flour mixture just until dry ingredients are moistened and dough begins to form. Discard any excess ice water. Shape dough into a disk; wrap tightly in plastic wrap and chill 30 minutes up to overnight.
2. Toss plums, apples, and next 5 ingredients together in a large bowl until coated. Let stand 20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
3. Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350 degrees. Unwrap chilled dough and place on lightly floured surface. Lightly dust top of dough with flour and roll to a 15-inch circle. Transfer to a parchment paper lined baking sheet.
4. Drain plum and apple mixture, reserving juices. Toss plum and apple mixture with flour until coated and spoon into center of dough, leaving a 3-inch border. Fold edges of dough over plum and apple mixture, pleating as you go and sealing any cracks. Lightly beat egg white until foamy. Brush exposed dough with a thin layer of beaten egg white and sprinkle with turbinado sugar.
5. Bake at 350 degrees 40 to 45 minutes or until fruit is tender and bubbling and crust is golden brown. Let cool on baking pan on a wire rack 20 minutes.
6. Bring reserved plum and apple juices to a boil in a small saucepan over medium heat. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer, stirring often, 2 to 3 minutes or until slightly thickened. Drizzle juices over exposed fruit and top with desired amount of hazelnuts.


text:
What Is The Risk Of Getting AIDS From Eating Food Made By Someone With HIV
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Get the Facts
Hyperlipidemia and HIV/AIDS: High Cholesterol and Triglycerides...disease. If you have too muchcholesterol in your blood it can build up in your arteries (blood vessels),forming plaque. This buildup of plaque can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.High triglycerides can also increase your risk of getting pancreatitis (apainful inflammation of the pancreas). Some HIV+ people experience lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy includeshyperlipidemia, as well as other unwanted changes in body fat and blood sugarlevels....
Ask the Experts
pre-chewed food + donation question PRE-CHEWED FOOD, HIV TRANSMISSION RISK, 2010)Dear Doctor, I read the CDC article about exposure through pre chewed food for infants. Apparently HIV mothers/fathers passed it to their infant babies through chewing food for them. How is this possible? I understand that passing the virus while...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Hi,Relax Max! Your worries are unwarranted. The HIV-transmission risk via pre-chewed food was noted only in infants with immature immune systems, and there may well have been extenuating circumstances. Read more »
HIV/AIDS (HIV TRANSMISSION BETWEEN TWO HIV NEGATIVES, 2010)Can two HIV negative men develop HIV/AIDS from having unprotected sex with each other?
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...He (or she) must be exposed to someone who is positive (has the virus). Different types of exposures carry different levels of risk. Yes, the 0.1 to 0.2 percent statistical risk per episode is correct. This risk applies to unprotected receptive... Read more »
Re: HIV transmission Risk, WILL DONATE (CASUAL CONTACT, 2010)Hi Doc,I just thought of another question after typing my original ones (below). #4. Would the fact that I get Cold Sores occasionally make it more likely for me to transmit HIV in the below circumstances? Specifically the one with the milk? I have...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...your door !!Blessings, CarrieResponse from Dr. FrascinoHello Carrie,Even with the additional information, your HIV-acquisition risk remains completely nonexistent. You are not putting your family or anyone else in harm's way. I suggest you... Read more »
HIV RiskHi,While having unprotected sex with my partner I started bleeding. We are both HIV negative. What is the risk of us contracting the virus from this?Thanks
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...He (or she) must be exposed to someone who is positive (has the virus). Different types of exposures carry different levels of risk. Yes, the 0.1 to 0.2 percent statistical risk per episode is correct. This risk applies to unprotected receptive... Read more »
Pregnancy and HIV...These procedures are effective. However, they are very expensive and not easily available. Use antiretroviral medications: The risk of transmitting HIV is extremely low if ARVs are used in pregnancy and labor, and the mother does not... Read more »
Diabetes and HIV/AIDS...linked with diabetes, heart disease, and strokes. Taking Care of Yourself Since HIV+ people may already have a number of risk factors for diabetes, as well as heart disease and stroke, it is important to be aware of all of these... Read more »
HIV Transmission...cases of HIV transmission from performing oral sex on a person infected with HIV. While no one knows exactly what the degree of risk is, evidence suggests that the risk is less than that of unprotected anal or vaginal sex. If the person... Read more »
Caring for Your Liver if You Have HIV/AIDS...more likely to occur if the CD4 cell count is above 400 at the time of starting HIV treatment for the first time. The greatest risk of liver problems is during the first six weeks of treatment with Viramune. Your health care provider should... Read more »
Connect With Others
Scared because of blood on food
Posted by overthetop, 3 Replies...Is it possible to get hiv if you eat food that has wet hiv+ blood on it? Read more »
transmission throgh food?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...man cut his hand and get some blood onto food, does the person who eats the food(without being aware of the blood) run into risks? Is it still considered to be casual contact? Is the mucous membrane in mouth easily infected? Read more »
Worried, what is my risk?
Posted by worriedman, 2 Replies...Dear All, I'm deeply worried and please help me to evaluate my risk. One week ago I was in an Asian country. I went to KTV with two of my friends. We had three girls that worked in the KTV with Read more »
Explain why masturbation with panties is no risk
Posted by Worried12, 5 Replies...fluid soaks into the panties does it die? Once it dries does it die? How long would it live? If the panties were wet is there a risk? My symptoms are: white bump and marks on side of tongue swollen cin glands armpit rash floaters (Ive had these... Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


text:
Farmers hoping dry weather this week provides a window for planting corn
EVANSVILLE - Despite Evansville's second-wettest April on record, dry weather this week should allow local farmers to get a majority of their corn crops planted on time for the season.
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When the phone reboots, log into the 2nd Android account, open Netflix, connect to the other Chromecast and see if that works. You'd be oln a separate Android profile, separate Netflix profile, separate Chromecast. It might work
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Windsor Ontario's Premier Chamber Choir
Please join us for the 4th Annual Windsor Choral Festival!
Workshop – Saturday, March 7 – 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM
Gethsemane Lutheran Church
1921 Cabana Rd. West
This free workshop is open to all singers, no registration required
Concert – Saturday, March 7 – 5:00 PM
All Saints Anglican Church
330 City Hall Square
Tickets available at the door, or can be purchased in advance from a choir member
— General Admission --
The program, which juxtaposes Baroque and contemporary choral music, features works by eminent Baroque composers such as Bach, Handel, and Purcell; and a presentation of new choral works in a variety of styles including barbershop and music from the popular animated film, Frozen. The Chorale has also commissioned a piece by Belarusian-American composer Sergey Khvoshchinsky, and this concert will mark its world premiere.


text:
Hotel Amazon
Mon 10|9c
Breaking Borders
Sun 9|8c
Expedition Unknown
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If These Walls Could Talk 02:04
Travel's Best Family Adventures 2015 02:45
Looking for a grownup getaway? Jamaica's got ""sexy"" written all over it!
Jamaica's Sexiest Spots 02:23
Card-Sitting in Jamaica 01:28
Explosive Sprite-Can Trick 02:38
Sexiest Architecture 01:51


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AASLH Career Center
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text:
A method for separating foreground and background image pixels from other pixels. The method determines if a current pixel is an edge pixel, and then selects a window of pixels surrounding the current pixel if it is on an edge. This window is then analyzed to produce a classification of a gradient field within the window, and defines foreground and background image pixel values depending upon the classification. Once foreground and background pixel positions are defined, the process interpolates the value for the current pixel. The accurate designation of foreground and background pixels eliminates or mitigates any color misregistration error in the pixel value.
1. A method for separating foreground and background image pixels, the method comprising:
determining if a current pixel is an edge pixel by comparing a gradient between the current pixel and at least one neighbor pixel to a threshold;
if the pixel is an edge pixel, selecting a window of pixels surrounding the current pixel;
analyzing the window to produce a classification from a classification set of a gradient field within the window, wherein the classification set comprises monotonic, similar vertex, one vertex, shifted vertex, and inverted vertex;
defining foreground and background image pixel positions depending upon the classification; and
interpolating a value of the current pixel from the foreground and background image pixel positions, wherein the value of the current pixel is corrected for color misregistration.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. A computer-readable medium containing a program operable to separate foreground and background image pixels, the program comprising:
code operable to detect edges in the image pixels, wherein the code compares a gradient between a current pixel and at least one neighbor pixel to a threshold;
code operable to perform gradient analysis on a selected window of pixels surrounding a current pixel, if the current pixel is an edge pixel;
code operable to classify from a classification set the gradient for the selected window of pixels, wherein the classification set comprises monotonic, similar vertex, shifted vertex, and inverted vertex;
code operable to define foreground and background pixel positions relative to the current pixel depending upon the classification of the gradient; and
code operable to interpolate a value of the current pixel from the foreground and background pixel position such that the value of the current pixel is corrected for color misregistration.
7. The computer-readable medium of
8. The computer-readable medium of
1. Field of the Disclosure
This disclosure relates to methods of image capture, more particularly for methods of accurately separating foreground pixels and background pixels from other pixels for color misregistration correction.
2. Background
Color image capture devices typically operate by capturing primary color component signals such as red, green and blue (RGB) from a set of charge coupled devices (CCDs). The CCDs are normally arranged in the sub-scan direction. The main scan direction, the direction in which the scanning bar moves, will be referred to as the X direction and the sub-scan direction, perpendicular to the main scan direction, will be referred to as Y.
These CCDs capture the image in one pass or in three passes, one for each primary color component. Regardless of the number of passes, however, there is typically some misalignment in the RGB signals. This misalignment between colors is referred to as color misregistration. It is caused by faulty superposition of the three colors. It normally manifests itself as color fringes on the edges of the objects that were scanned, text, graphics or drawings.
Color fringes normally appear as either cyan or magenta fringes on the edges of the scanned objects. Cyan fringes result from misregistration of the red signal, and magenta fringes result from misregistration of the green signal. The human eye does not normally detect misregistration of the blue signal, because of its low bandwidth and low contrast sensitivity.
Most often, color misregistration occurs in the Y direction. Vibration, scanning motion and the mechanical or optical design of the scanner can lead to faulty superposition of the three-color components. Several different approaches have been taken to solve this problem.
For example, some efforts have been directed at correcting the mechanical problems in the scanner by tracking registration marks. One example of these types of techniques is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,003, issued on Apr. 7, 1998. In this patent, a laser scanner used to form latent images on the photoconductive belt is used to detect the position of the edge of the belt. The belt is then controlled to reduce the deviation of the belt from its path. It also includes a method for controlling the laser, and therefore the formation of the image, based upon the position of the belt.
Another of these mechanical registration techniques is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,774,156, issued Jun. 30, 1998. The system uses several stations, one for each color of toner. The latent image formed by the individual scanners at the stations includes a registration area. The registration area is then aligned prior to the application of the toner. The registration area is then recharged to avoid having the registration marks attract any toner. This is repeated at each station to ensure proper positioning of the image before the latent image for the next color is formed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,815, issued Jun. 2, 1998, shows another method. In this patent, a fiber optic detection means is used to detect registration signals produced by a retroreflector. The light from the retroreflector is analyzed and used to adjust the registration of the belt.
Other methods have focused on optical means to correct the misregistration. An example of these types of techniques can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,116, issued Apr. 15, 1986. In this patent, the color signals are manipulated to convert them into color separation signals for cyan, magenta, yellow and black. The edges of each of the colors is then detected and manipulated to switch lighter areas with darker areas, or vice versa, to avoid streaks and other imperfections.
In order to process the edges properly in these techniques, a determination must be made between pixels that belong in the foreground and those that belong in the background. Several techniques are used to detect color misregistration problems including foreground/background separation at the data level. Examples of these are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,500,746 and 5,907,414. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,746, issued Mar. 19, 1996, the signals are manipulated to ensure that the dots formed are in line both in the X and Y directions for each color. The dots are resampled and repositioned as determined by line correction devices.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,907,414, issued May 25, 1999, one of the more powerful prior art methods is shown. An image sensor used to scanning a manuscript generates signals and these signals are examined. If the examination of the signals determines that the pixel exists at an edge of a letter image, it is identified as such. These identified pixels are then adjusted in their brightness to ensure a smooth edge that was disrupted by vibration of the image sensor.
However, most of these techniques are too expensive or are too inaccurate to meet current expectations for quality. The digital color imaging market has become very competitive. Peripheral image capture and printing devices such as copiers, scanners, digital cameras, fax machines and printers continue to fall in price. Expectations of their quality continue to rise. Therefore, a method is needed that improves pixel separation into foreground and background at low cost but with high accuracy.
One aspect of the invention is a method for separating foreground and background image pixels from other pixels. The method determines if a current pixel is an edge pixel, and then selects a window of pixels surrounding the current pixel if it is on an edge. This window is then analyzed to produce a classification of a gradient field within the window, and defines foreground and background image pixel values depending upon the classification. Once foreground and background pixel positions are defined, the process interpolates the value for the current pixel. The accurate designation of foreground and background pixels eliminates or mitigates any color misregistration error in the pixel value.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and for further advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following Detailed Description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for correction of color misregistration in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 2a-e show graphical representations of gradient patterns found in images with color misregistration.
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for classifying of gradients found in images with color misregistration.
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a method for correcting pixels with color misregistration errors. At 10 the image data is buffered for further processing. In this embodiment, red-green-blue (RGB) data is assumed. As will be mentioned later, other color spaces could be used.
The image is processed for color misregistration detection on a pixel-by-pixel basis, with the pixel undergoing processing being referred to as the current pixel. In order to classify and gather information about the current pixel, it is examined within a window of pixels at 12. The window could be of any dimension, limited only by the desired accuracy and the system capabilities. For this example, a window of 5 pixels by 1 pixel will be assumed. The arrangement of the window is such that the current pixel is at the center of the line of pixels, at position 0 of the string:
−2 −1 0 1 2.
Analysis of the current pixel may be done using vector gradients. For any two color pixels A and B in the RGB color space, two color vectors can be defined as:
PA=(Ra,Ga,Ba,) and PB=(Ra,Ga, Ba).
The gradient between pixel A and pixel B would then be:
dab=(dRAB,dGAB,dBAB), and the magnitude would be DAB=magnitude(dab).
These gradients are examples of those used in separating foreground and background pixels with misregistration. Misregistration is visually disturbing around high gradient edge areas, such as those between text and graphic images. At 14 of FIG. 1 an initial determination is made to eliminate those pixels not on edges. One could use any edge detector, such a Sobel or differential filter.
It is possible to use a gradient edge detector. One possible advantage of this type of detector lies in its ability to avoid thin and narrow characters such as those found in Kanji. In these types of characters, there is not enough information in the image to detect color misregistration.
Using the window defined in 12, the pixels are examined to determine if the gradient between the current pixel and its neighbors exceed a predetermined threshold. If they do not exceed the threshold, the pixels are not on an edge and are therefore not candidates for misregistration. This is shown in FIG. 1 at 22. One advantage of this approach is that it limits the number of pixels to which the rest of the process is applied. This saves time and processing resources.
Once the pixel is determined to be on an edge, the surrounding pixels must be classified as foreground or background at 16. This classification is important in proper correction of misregistration. Some techniques define a window and examine the window for darkest or lightest pixels or compare against a predetermined pattern. This is not accurate because both foreground and background could contain some color misregistration errors. This makes the selection inaccurate.
In an embodiment of the invention, the foreground and background pixel positions are used to interpolate the value of the current pixel at 18. Therefore, this selection must have the highest possible accuracy. Once the new value is determined, that value becomes the corrected pixel value at 20.
Having seen the overall process in which color misregistration is corrected for in the current pixel value, the discussion now turns to the classification of foreground and background pixels. As mentioned above, these values are used to interpolate the current pixel value and are set in such a way that any effects of color misregistration are mitigated in the corrected pixel value. In essence, the interpolation results in a truer pixel value to the pixel value in the original scanned image.
Similar to the gradient analysis used for edge detection, the gradient field of the window may be classified into one of a number of classes for faster processing. For example the gradient for a pixel at position 0 would be defined as d0=P1−P0, or (dR0,dG0,dB0).
Some examples of these classes are show in FIGS. 2a-2 e. Each figure shows different possibilities for the red vector R, but is also intended to include the same problems for the green vector G or the blue vector B. The dashed line is merely intended as a reference point.
As can be seen by FIG. 2a, all three vectors are monotonically increasing or decreasing. This will be referred to in the example of the classification process as Case A. In FIG. 2b, all three color vectors have a similar vertex to the other vectors. This similar vertex case will be referred to as Case B. FIG. 2c shows an example of the red vector R having a vertex, while the green and blue vectors do not. This case of one vertex will be referred to as Case C. Case D, one shifted vertex, is shown in FIG. 2d. A shifted vertex means that one of the color vectors has a vertex, but it is not in line with the current pixel. Finally, the last example shows an inverted vertex in FIG. 2e, Case E.
One embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention for using the gradient analysis to classify the current pixel into one of these cases is shown in FIG. 3. At 24 the window upon which the processing will be performed in selected. This may have the same dimensions of the window used in the overall correction process of FIG. 1. At 26 the pixels to be used for determining the gradients are selected. The selected pixels may have the maximum difference from the current pixel in either direction. This step includes calculating the gradient field for use in analysis.
The first classification in this example occurs at 28. If the directions of all the gradients are the same, the pixel is classified as Case A at 30. If the gradient directions are not all the same, the next decision point comes at 32. The process already knows that all the gradients are not the same, so if none of them are on vertices, then one must have a shifted vertex. The shifted vertex is what is indicated by the gradients not all having the same direction and the pixel is classified as Case D at 34.
At 36 it is known that at least one gradient has a vertex, so the others are checked to see if they are all on vertices as well. If this is not true, the classification must be one vertex, Case C at 38. If they are all on vertices, and all are the same shape as determined by 40, the classification is Case B at 44. If they are all on vertices but not the same shape, the classification is an inverted vertex at Case E at 46.
Once the case classification is completed, pixels in predetermined positions are selected as foreground and background pixels. The interpolation may be done in such a manner that it is not necessary to specifically identify which pixel values at the positions are foreground or background.
Following the example of the five cases, the foreground and background pixels may be selected according to the following table. These values are intended only as an example and therefore correspond to the red vector R having any variation from the other vectors. If the other vectors were the varying vectors, the application of these values would be adjusted accordingly. Similarly, these values assume a 5�1 window. If the window dimensions were different, the selection of the pixel positions would differ in proportion. The two pixel positions are given with relation to the variations as shown in FIGS. 2a-2 e. The determination of �left� and �right� would also adjust to other applications of this example.
Case E is a special case, for which no further processing is performed.
These values are designated as foreground and background pixels relative to the current pixel. The value for the current pixel is then interpolated, using these values. The interpolation process does not care which pixel is designated as foreground or background. The resulting pixel value for the current pixel eliminates or mitigates the misregistration error, because the designation of foreground and background pixels is more accurate than other approaches discussed above.
Preferably, the above process is implemented in software in the image capture device. In this case, the invention would be embodied in some form of computer-readable medium such as code on a diskette, CD-ROM or downloadable file. The software code would perform the functions of the invention as described above.
It is possible that it could be implemented in the image output device that receives the image data from the image capture device. It could also be implemented in either part of a device that performs both image capture and image output. This process could be implemented in image or graphic application software, Raster Image Processors (RIP), or printer, copier or output device drivers, among others.
Alternately, the process could be implemented in application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or in digital signal processors (DSP). However, these hardware implementations are not as flexible, so the software embodiments are preferred.
As mentioned previously, this process could be applied to color spaces other than RGB. It could be implemented in CMY, CMYK and chrominance and luminance based color spaces, such as LAB, LCH, HLS, etc. None of the above specifics or examples are intended to limit applicability of the invention.
Thus, although there has been described to this point a particular embodiment for a method and apparatus for color misregistration detection, it is not intended that such specific references be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention except in-so-far as set forth in the following claims.
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Birthday SMS
50,000 - 100,000 downloads
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+ By ChaiKoffee
Expert's Review
"Oh, l'amour"
Reviewed by Peter Warrior / Aug 30, 2013
A list of kind quotes
This app is little more than a summary of tacky sentences easily found in the Internet, put in a very improvable interface stuffed with ads of every possible kind everywhere, including your browser bookmarks.
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We can't recommend this, and as far as we've seen, neither of ChaiKoffee's apps.
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The best collection of Birthday Wishes you can wish to a friend of dear ones.
Please check out our latest app "Best Birthday SMS".
Please check out our latest app "Best Birthday SMS".
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