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Beltrami County deputy suffers smoke inhalation while fighting fire
A Beltrami County deputy was treated and released for smoke inhalation following a Sunday fire in Blackduck.
According to a press release from the Beltrami County Sheriff's Office:
The deputy, who was not identified, responded to the fire at 5:10 p.m. along with a Blackduck police officer. They entered the house to ensure all occupants were outside.
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Spring Street shaft.
Holland Tunnel (New York, N.Y.)
New Jersey. Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission
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Metropolis: New York City Water and Transit Infrastructure in Photographs
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Looking between skin plates. First truss at corner. Spring Street, April 13, 1921, West wall.
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Alysha Creighton and Nika Blasser (Edmonton)
Janice Wright Cheney (Fredericton)
Dana Dal Bo (Montreal)
Dana Holst (Edmonton)
Shanell Papp (Lethbridge)
Tammy Salzl (Montreal)
Caitlin Thompson (Calgary)
Opening Reception March 12/15, 5 PM TO 9 PM
Please join us for the opening of this collection of works from artists across Canada as we celebrate and investigate monsters within ourselves, within society, and in contemporary culture.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a story written by a very young woman that has touched our modern culture for centuries. Her animation of the horrors of society, class, and technology within one reluctant and ultimately doomed conception is a classical example of the subjectivity of the monstrous and a germinator of dc3 Art Projects exhibition Monstrous?. The creator, his creation, and the townspeople around all take the role of monster throughout the tale. All are understandably driven by their own needs and fears, yet each takes turn as failed beings.
Monstrous? is an exhibition inspired by Shelley's novel and by the works of artists who use horror and unease to portray a sense of the monstrous within their work, most often balanced with elements of humour and beauty. What shape does the monster take within the viewers mind when presented with numerous characters and multiple points of view. Who or what is monstrous within any given situation is often a matter of perspective and time, changing with history and viewpoints.
How do our judgements infest the world we create, how do they impact others around us, and how do they change over time? What is Monstrous?
Image: The Hunting Party (detail) 2012, Shanell Papp, mixed fibres installation. Photo David Candler
Click HERE to see our PAST EXHIBITIONS
Dc3 Art Projects is an Edmonton Canada based supporter, advocate, producer and promoter of the best of contemporary art. Dc3 Art Projects is committed to helping emerging and mid-career artists to bring challenging and engaging work to a greater public through exhibitions, critical writing, travelling shows and international art fairs. Through strong connections with galleries and artists in the major centers of the contemporary creative community, dc3 Art Projects will aggressively promote the artists affiliated with us and bring exciting work to Edmonton to allow collectors and art lovers exposure to discussions occurring nationally and internationally. Dc3 Art Projects will offer advice, assistance and inspiration to new and established collectors looking to acquire contemporary work by gallery artists, at fairs or at auction.
Founder of dc3 Art Projects, David Candler, has spent 20 years looking and reading, travelling for and absorbing the world of contemporary visual art. A self-described artjunkie, he has a passion for artists and their creations, and through dc3 Art Projects will be sharing this obsession with others. As a longtime collector himself, he is a tireless advocate for the importance of art within a society and the role it plays in making the world richer and more complete.
Click HERE to see our PAST EXHIBITIONS
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dc3 Represented Artists HERE
Represented Artists:
Amalie Atkins
Cindy Baker
Richard Boulet
Blair Brennan
Sean Caulfield
Paul Freeman
Gary James Joynes
Craig LeBlanc
Travis McEwen
Mitch Mitchell
François Morelli
Tammy Salzl
Daniela Schlüter
dc3 Art Projects
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Magazine (firearms)
A magazine is an ammunition storage and feeding device within or attached to a repeating firearm. Magazines can be removable (detachable) or integral to the firearm. The magazine functions by moving the cartridges stored in the magazine into a position where they may be loaded into the chamber by the action of the firearm. The detachable magazine is often referred to as a clip, although this is technically inaccurate.[1][2][3]
Magazines come in many shapes and sizes, from those of bolt action express rifles that hold only a few rounds to those for machine guns that can hold as many as one hundred rounds. Various jurisdictions ban high-capacity magazines.
- 1 Nomenclature
- 2 History
- 3 Function and types
- 4 Capacity
- 5 Releases
- 6 Interchangeable magazines
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
With the increased use of semi-automatic and automatic firearms, the detachable box magazine became increasingly common. Soon after the adoption of the M1911 pistol, the term "magazine" was settled on by the military and firearms experts, though the term "clip" is often used in its place (though only for detachable magazines, never fixed).[4][5][6] The defining difference between clips and magazines is the presence of a feed mechanism in a magazine, typically a spring-loaded follower, which a clip lacks. Use of the term "clip" to refer to detachable magazines is a point of strong disagreement.[2][7][8][9]
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines a clip as "a device to hold cartridges for charging the magazines of some rifles; also: a magazine from which ammunition is fed into the chamber of a firearm".[10]
The earliest firearms were loaded with loose powder and a lead ball, and to fire more than a single shot without reloading required multiple barrels, such as pepper-box guns and double-barreled shotguns, or multiple chambers, such as in revolvers. Both of these add bulk and weight over a single barrel and a single chamber, however, and many attempts were made to get multiple shots from a single loading of a single barrel through the use of superposed loads.[11] Breech loading designs such as the needle gun, and paper cartridges sped the loading process, but successful repeating mechanisms did not appear until self-contained cartridges were developed.
Gravity magazines[edit]
The earliest magazines appeared not on firearms, but rather on air guns. Without the need for powder, the magazine contained only the balls; the power was provided by high pressure air supplied by an air reservoir in the butt of the gun. The Girandoni Air Rifle was fairly typical of the repeating air rifles of 1780. The Girandoni held 22 balls in a gravity fed tubular magazine, located beside and parallel to the barrel. Due to the use of a large air reservoir, the rifle could fire all the shots in its magazine before the reservoir was depleted enough to require recharging. Firing was accomplished by raising the muzzle of the gun to allow the balls to fall to the rear of the magazine, sliding a ball from the magazine into the barrel with a sliding breech-block, then cocking the hammer (which was connected to a valve) and firing.[12]
Tubular magazines[edit]
The first successful repeater was the Volcanic Rifle which used a hollow bullet with the base filled with powder and primer (an early form of caseless ammunition) fed into the chamber from a spring-loaded tube called a magazine. It was named after a building or room used to store ammunition. The anemic power of the Rocket Ball ammunition used in the Volcanic doomed it to limited popularity; however, the basic design of the tubular magazine and lever action survive to this day.[13]
The first magazine-fed firearm to achieve widespread success was the Spencer repeating rifle, which saw service in the American Civil War. The Spencer used a tubular magazine located in the butt of the gun instead of under the barrel and it used new rimfire metallic cartridges. The Spencer was successful but the rimfire ammunition did occasionally ignite in the magazine tube and destroy the magazine. It could also injure the user. The lever action Henry and Winchester rifles evolved from the earlier Volcanic and saw service with a number of militaries including Turkey. Switzerland and Italy adopted similar designs.[13]
The new bolt action rifle began to gain favor with militaries in the 1880s and were often equipped with tubular magazines. The Mauser Model 1871 was originally a single-shot action that added a tubular magazine in its 1884 update. The Jarmann M1884 was adopted in 1884 and also used a tubular magazine.
Internal box magazines[edit]
The military cartridge was evolving as the magazine rifle evolved. Cartridges evolved from large-bore cartridges (.40 caliber/10 mm and larger) to smaller bores that fired lighter, higher-velocity bullets and incorporated new smokeless propellants. The Lebel Model 1886 rifle was the first rifle and cartridge to be designed for use with smokeless powder and used an 8 mm wadcutter-shaped bullet that was drawn from a tubular magazine. This would later become a problem when the Lebel's ammunition was updated to use a more aerodynamic pointed bullet. Modifications had to be made to the centerfire case to prevent the spitzer point from igniting the primer of the next cartridge inline in the magazine.[14]
The bolt-action Krag-Jørgensen rifle, designed in Norway in 1886, used a unique rotary magazine that was built into the receiver. Like Lee's box magazine, the rotary magazine held the rounds side-by-side, rather than end-to-end. Like most rotary magazines, it was loaded through a loading gate one round at a time, this one located on the side of the receiver. While reliable, the Krag-Jørgensen's magazine was expensive to produce and slow to reload. It was adopted by only three countries, Denmark in 1889, the United States in 1892,[15] and Norway in 1894.
Clip-fed revolution[edit]
A clip is a device that is used to store multiple rounds of ammunition together as a unit, ready for insertion into the magazine or cylinder of a firearm. This speeds up the process of loading and reloading the firearm as several rounds can be loaded at once, rather than one round being loaded at a time. Several different types of clips exist, most of which are made of inexpensive metal stampings that are designed to be disposable, though they are often re-used.
James Paris Lee patented a box magazine which held rounds stacked vertically in 1879 and 1882 and it was first adopted by Austria in the form of an 11mm straight-pull bolt-action rifle of Mannlicher design in 1886. It also used a cartridge clip which held 5 rounds ready to load into the magazine.[14][16]
The Lee-Metford rifle, developed in 1888, used an eight- or ten-round detachable box magazine. In 1890 the French adopted a new rifle, firing the same 8mm Lebel cartridge, that fed from en-bloc clips; the clips were required for feeding from the internal magazine, and empty clips were pushed from the bottom of the action by the insertion of a loaded clip from the top. Mauser was also developing box magazine-fed (including detachable) variants of his Model 1871 during this time, many of which used en-bloc clips, with models from 1889 through 1893 in various calibers were adopted by various militaries at this time.[14][17]
In the arms race that preceded the start of World War I there were many short-lived designs, such as the M1895 Lee Navy and Gewehr 1888, eventually replaced by the M1903 Springfield rifle and Gewehr 98 respectively. The Russian Mosin-Nagant, adopted in 1891, was a good example. It was not revolutionary; it was a bolt-action rifle, used a small-bore smokeless powder cartridge, and a fixed box magazine loaded from the top with stripper clips (called chargers by the British), all of which were features that were used in earlier military rifles. What made the Nagant stand out was that it combined all the earlier features in a form that was to last virtually unchanged from its issue by Russia in 1894 through its use by the Soviet Union in World War II. Of the major combatants, only France retained the outdated tubular magazine; all other combatants used rifles that were overall very similar to each other.[18]
An interesting feature of many late 19th- and early 20th-century bolt-action rifles was the magazine cut-off, sometimes called a feed interrupter. This was a mechanical device that prevented the rifle from loading a round from the magazine, requiring the shooter to manually load each individual round as he fired, saving the rounds in the magazine for short periods of rapid fire when ordered to use them. Most military authorities that specified them assumed that their riflemen would waste ammunition indiscriminately if allowed to load from the magazine all the time.[19] By the middle of World War I, most manufacturers deleted this feature to save costs and manufacturing time; it is also likely that battlefield experience had proven the futility of this philosophy.
One of the last new clip-fed, fixed-magazine rifles widely adopted that wasn't a modification of an earlier rifle was the M1 Garand rifle. The first semi-automatic rifle that was issued in large numbers to the infantry, the Garand was fed by a special eight-round en-bloc clip. The clip itself was inserted into the rifle's magazine during loading, where it was locked in place. The rounds were fed directly from the clip, with a spring-loaded follower in the rifle pushing the rounds up into feeding position. When empty, the bolt would lock open, and a spring would automatically eject the empty clip, leaving the rifle ready to be reloaded. The M14 rifle, which was based on incremental changes to the Garand action, switched to a detachable box magazine.[20]
The Soviet SKS carbine, which entered service in 1945, was something of a stopgap between the semi-automatic service rifles being developed in the period leading up to World War II, and the new assault rifle developed by the Germans. The SKS used a fixed magazine, holding ten rounds and fed by a conventional stripper clip. It was a modification of the earlier AVS-36 rifle, shortened and chambered for the new reduced power 7.62x39mm cartridge. It was rendered obsolete for military use almost immediately by the 1947 introduction of the magazine-fed AK-47 assault rifle, though it remained in service for many years in Soviet Bloc nations alongside the AK-47. The detachable magazine quickly came to dominate post-war military rifle designs.[21]
Detachable box magazines[edit]
The first completely modern removable box magazine was patented in 1908 by Arthur Savage for the Savage Model 99.[22] Other guns did not adopt all of its features until his patent expired in 1942: It has shoulders to retain cartridges when it is removed from the rifle. It operates reliably with cartridges of different lengths. It is insertable and removable at any time with any number of cartridges. These features allow the operator to reload the gun infrequently, carry magazines rather than loose cartridges, and to easily change the types of cartridges in the field. The magazine is assembled from inexpensive stamped sheet metal. It also includes a crucial safety feature for hunting dangerous game: when empty the follower[23] stops the bolt from engaging the chamber, informing the operator that the gun is empty before any attempt to fire.
The first successful semi-automatic pistol was the Borchardt C-93 (1893) and incorporated detachable box magazines. Nearly all subsequent semiautomatic pistol designs adopted detachable box magazines.
The Swiss Army evaluated the Luger pistol using a detachable box magazine in 7.65×21 mm Parabellum and adopted it in 1900 as its standard side arm. The Luger pistol was accepted by the Imperial German Navy in 1904. This version is known as Pistole 04. In 1908 the German Army adopted the Luger to replace the Reichsrevolver in front-line service. The Pistole 08 (or P.08) was chambered in 9×19 mm Parabellum. The P.08 was the usual side arm for German Army personnel in both world wars.
The M1911 semi-automatic pistol set the standard for most modern handguns and likewise the mechanics of the handgun magazine. In most handguns the magazine follower engages a slide-stop to hold the slide back and keep the firearm out of battery when the magazine is empty and all rounds fired. Upon inserting a loaded magazine, the user depresses the slide stop, throwing the slide forward, stripping a round from the top of the magazine stack and chambering it. In single-action pistols this action keeps the hammer cocked back as the new round is chambered, keeping the gun ready to begin firing again.
During World War One, detachable box magazines found favor, being used in all manner of firearms; such as pistols, light-machine guns, submachine-guns, semi-automatic and automatic rifles. However, after the War to End All Wars, military planners failed to recognize the importance of automatic rifles and detachable box magazine concept, and instead maintained their traditional views and preference for clip-fed bolt-action rifles. As a result, many promising new automatic rifle designs that used detachable box magazines were abandoned.
As World War II loomed, most of the world's major powers began to develop submachine guns fed by 20- to 40-round detachable box magazines. However, of the major powers, only the United States would adopt a general-issue semi-automatic rifle that used detachable box magazines; the M1 Carbine with its 15-round magazines. As the war progressed the Germans would develop the Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle concept with its 30-round detachable magazine. After WWII, automatic weapons using detachable box magazines would be developed and used by all of the world's armies. Today, detachable box magazines are the norm and they are so widely used that they are simply referred to as "magazines" or "mags" for short.
Function and types[edit]
All cartridge-based single-barrel firearms designed to fire more than a single shot without reloading require some form of magazine designed to store and feed cartridges to the firearm's action. Magazines come in many shapes and sizes, with the most common type in modern firearms being the detachable box type. Most magazines designed for use with a reciprocating bolt firearm (tube fed firearms being the exception) make use of a set of feed lips which stop the vertical motion of the cartridges out of the magazine but allow one cartridge at a time to be pushed forward (stripped) out of the feed lips by the firearm's bolt into the chamber. Some form of spring and follower combination is almost always used to feed cartridges to the lips which can be located either in the magazine (most removable box magazines) or built into the firearm (fixed box magazines). There are also two distinct styles to feed lips. In a single-feed design the top cartridge touches both lips and is commonly used in single-column box magazines. A dual- or alternating-feed magazine consists of a wider set of lips so that the second cartridge in line forces the top cartridge against one lip. This design has proven more resistant to jamming in use with dual-column magazines.[24] Some magazine types are strongly associated with certain firearm types, such as the fixed "tubular" magazine found on most lever-action rifles and pump-action shotguns. A firearm using detachable magazines may accept a variety of types of magazine, such as the Thompson submachine gun, which would accept box or drum magazines. Some types of firearm, such as the M249 and other squad automatic weapons, can feed from both magazines and belts.
Many of the first repeating rifles, particularly lever-action rifles, used magazines that store cartridges end-to-end inside of a spring-loaded tube typically running parallel to the barrel, or in the buttstock. Tubular magazines are also commonly used in pump-action shotguns and .22 caliber rimfire rifles.
The most popular type of magazine in modern rifles and handguns, a box magazine stores cartridges in a column, either one above the other or staggered zigzag fashion. This zigzag stack is often identified as a double-column or double-stack since a single staggered column is actually two side-by-side vertical columns offset by half of the diameter of a round. As the firearm cycles, cartridges are moved to the top of the magazine by a follower driven by spring compression to either a single feed position or side-by-side feed positions. Box magazines may be integral to the firearm or removable.
Box magazines may be metal or plastic. Plastic magazines are sometimes partially transparent so the operator can easily check the remaining ammunition.
- An internal box or fixed magazine (also known as a blind box magazine when lacking a floorplate) is built into the firearm and is not easily removable. This type of magazine is found most often on bolt-action rifles. An internal box magazine is usually charged through the action, one round at a time. Military rifles often use stripper clips or chargers permitting multiple rounds, commonly 5 or 10 at a time, to be loaded at once. Some internal box magazines use en-bloc clips that are loaded into the magazine with the ammunition and that are ejected from the firearm when empty.
- A detachable box magazine is a self-contained mechanism capable of being loaded or unloaded while detached from the host firearm. They are attached via a slot in the firearm receiver, usually below the action but occasionally to the side (Sten, FG42, Johnson LMG) or on top (Madsen machine gun, Bren gun, FN P90). When the magazine is empty, it can be detached from the firearm and replaced by another full magazine. This significantly speeds the process of reloading, allowing the operator quick access to ammunition. This type of magazine may be straight or curved, the curve being necessary if the rifle uses rimmed ammunition or ammunition with a tapered case. Box magazines are often affixed to each other with clips, tape, straps, or built-in studs to facilitate faster reloading: aka jungle style.
There are, however, exceptions to these rules. The Lee-Enfield rifle had a detachable box magazine only to facilitate cleaning. The Lee-Enfield magazine did open, permitting rapid unloading of the magazine without having to operate the bolt-action repeatedly to unload the magazine. Others, like the Breda Modello 30, had a fixed protruding magazine that resembled a conventional detachable box but was non-detachable.
The FN P90 personal defense weapon uses the horizontally mounted feeding system; the magazine sits parallel to the barrel, fitting flush with the top of the receiver, and the ammunition is rotated 90 degrees before being chambered. The AR-57, also known as the AR Five-seven, is an upper receiver for the AR-15/M16 rifle lower receiver, firing FN 5.7×28mm rounds from standard FN P90 magazines.
Another form of box magazine, sometimes referred to as a quad-column, can hold a great amount of ammunition. It is wider than a standard magazine, but retains the same length. Casket magazines can be found on the Suomi KP/-31, Hafdasa C-4, Spectre M4, QCW-05 and on 5.45x39mm AK rifle derivatives. Magpul has been granted a patent[26] for a STANAG compatible casket magazine,[27] and such a magazine was also debuted by SureFire in December 2010, and is now sold as the High Capacity Magazine (HCM) in 60 and 100 round capacities in 5.56mm for AR-15 compatible with M4/M16/AR-15 variants and other firearms that accept STANAG 4179 magazines.[28] Izhmash has also developed a casket magazine for the AK-12.[27]
STANAG magazine[edit]
The STANAG box magazine came about shortly after NATO's acceptance of the 5.56x45mm NATO rifle cartridge in October 1980,[29] draft Standardization Agreement 4179 (STANAG 4179) was proposed in order to allow the military services of member nations easily to share rifle ammunition and magazines in the interest of easing logistical concerns. The magazine chosen to become the STANAG magazine was originally designed for the U.S. M16 rifle. Many NATO member nations subsequently developed or purchased rifles with the ability to accept this type of magazine; however the standard was never ratified and remains a 'Draft STANAG'.[30]
The rotary or spool magazine consists of a star-shaped rotor, or sprocket, actuated by a torsion spring. The magazine may be fixed or detachable. Cartridges fit between the teeth of the sprocket, which is mounted on a spindle parallel to the bore axis, with a torsion spring providing the pressure necessary to rotate the rounds into the feeding position. Rotary magazines are usually of low capacity of ten rounds or less, depending on the cartridge used. The rotary magazine was first used by Savage Model 1892.[31] The M1941 Johnson rifle also uses a rotary magazine. The design is still used in some modern firearms, most notably the Ruger American, the Ruger 10/22 and the Steyr SSG 69.
Often referred to as a drum magazine, the pan magazine differs from other drum magazines in that the cartridges are stored perpendicular to the axis of rotation, rather than parallel, and are usually mounted on top of the firearm. This type is used on the Lewis Gun, Bren Gun,[32] Degtyarev light machine gun and American-180 submachine gun. A highly unusual example was found on the Type 89 machine gun fed from two 45-round quadrant-shaped pan magazines (each magazine had a place for nine 5-round stripper clips).
Media related to Pan magazines at Wikimedia Commons
Today, drum magazines are used primarily for light machine guns. In one type, a moving partition within a cylindrical chamber forces loose rounds into an exit slot, with the cartridges being stored parallel to the axis of rotation. After loading of the magazine, a wound spring or other mechanism forces the partition against the rounds. In all models a single staggered column is pushed by a follower through a curved path. From there the rounds enter the vertical riser either from a single or dual drums. Cylindrical designs such as rotary and drum magazines allow for larger capacity than box magazines, without growing to excessive length. The downside of a drum magazine's extra capacity is its added weight. Many drum-fed firearms can also load from conventional box magazines, such as the Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun, RPK light machine gun and the American Thompson submachine gun.
Media related to Drum magazines at Wikimedia Commons
Before WWII the Germans developed 75-round saddle-drum magazines for use in their MG13 and MG15 machine guns. The MG34 machine guns could also use saddle-drum magazine when fitted with a special feed cover. The 75 rounds of ammunition were evenly distributed in each side of the magazine with a central feed "tower" where the ammunition is fed to the bolt. The ammunition was fed by a spring force, with rounds alternating from each side of the double drum so that the gun would not become unbalanced. The saddle-drum design was reintroduced in the late 1980s with the 100-round Beta C-Mag for use in multiple calibres, rifles, pistols and PDWs.
Helical magazines extend the drum magazine design so that rounds follow a spiral path, allowing for large ammunition capacity in a magazine that can be adapted to increase ammo capacity with only a minor increase to the dimensions of an unloaded gun (compared to a regular box magazine of similar capacity). This type of magazine is used by the Calico M960 and Bizon SMG.
The hopper magazine, used in the Japanese Type 11 LMG, and a few prototype designs of the interwar period, had a fixed 'hopper' in which standard infantry rifle clips were stacked. In theory, this allowed the ammunition of riflemen and machinegunners to be interchangeable; however, problems with the reliability of the system, and the compatibility of more powerful rifle loadings with the operation of the machine gun, made this an impractical solution.[33]
In the United States a number of federal or state laws have banned high-capacity magazines.[34] High-capacity or large-capacity magazines are generally considered to be those capable of holding more than 10 rounds, although the definitions vary.[35][34][36]
Other nations impose restrictions on magazine capacity as well. In Canada, magazines are limited to five or ten rounds, depending on the firearm. [37]
A magazine release is the control on a firearm that retains a weapon's magazine. Handgun magazine release styles include the heel or (in the US) "European" release, the thumb release, and the lever release, which are sometimes ambidextrous. Long gun magazine release styles include push buttons and levers or paddles.
Interchangeable magazines[edit]
Most magazines in civilian firearms are not interchangeable between manufacturers, and not always between models by the same maker. However some manufacturers do produce firearms in which the magazines interchangeable, if of the same calibre, across their product range; so for example an owner could if need be use the magazines for their main pistol in their holdout pistol. Some go further and allow the use of the same magazine in both pistols and pistol calibre carbines, for example the now discontinued Ruger Police Carbine allowed the use of the same magazines, again if of the same calibre, as the same manufacturers P-Series pistols.
When the same design is made by different manufacturers, such as in the case Colt 1911A1 it is normally expected that magazines are interchangeable. Militarily, agreeing and standardising on a common magazine standard usable by different models and makes, for example as with STANAG magazines, offers a theoretical tactical and logistcal advantage, as it allows soldiers from one NATO nation to use the same magazines as comrades from another NATO nation if they should run out of their own.
See also[edit]
- ^ "NRA Firearms Glossary". National Rifle Association. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ a b "Gun Zone clips vs. magazines". The Gun Zone. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Handgunner's Glossary". Handguns Annual Magazine, 1994. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
- ^ United States Army, American Expeditionary Force (1917). Provisional Instruction on the Automatic Rifle, Model 1915 (Chauchat)., translated from the French edition, 1916
- ^ United States Ordanace Dept. (1917). Description of the Automatic Pistol, Caliber .45, Model of 1911.
- ^ United States War Dept (1907). Annual Reports of the Secretary of War.
- ^ "Magazine". SAAMI. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Cartridge Clip". SAAMI. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Firearms Glossary". National Rifle Association.
- ^ Dictionary. "Clip". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
- ^ Charles Winthrop Sawyer (1920). Firearms in American History, volume III. Cornhill Company, Boston.[page needed]
- ^ Robert D. Beeman, Ph.D. "Girandoni style air rifles and pistols - preliminary research presentation.".
- ^ a b c Hugh Chisholm (1911). The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopaedia Britannica., entry for Rifle
- ^ United States Army Ordnance Department (1898). Description and Rules for the Management of the U.S. Magazine Rifle and Carbine. p. 36.
- ^ Chamber's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge. W. & R. Chambers. 1891. pp. 720–721.
- ^ Chuck Hawks. "The 8x50R Lebel (8mm Lebel)".
- ^ Two Thousand Questions and Answers about the War. The Review of Reviews Co. 1918. p. 88.
- ^ "Firearms Technical Trivia: Magazine cut-offs". Cruffler.com. February 2000.
- ^ "Modern Firearms - M14 Rifle". Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Simonov SKS carbine (USSR - Russia)".
- ^ U.S. Patent 885,868, April 28, 1908, Improved Magazine, Inventor: Arthur W. Savage
- ^ The "follower" is the sheet metal part between the last cartridge and the spring.
- ^ Weeks, John, World War II Small Arms, London: Orbis Publishing Ltd. (1979), p. 33.
- ^ Kevin, Dockery (2007). Future Weapons. New York: Berkley Trade. ISBN 978-0-425-21750-4.
- ^ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=505419.AP.&OS=APN/505419&RS=APN/505419
- ^ a b http://bulletin.accurateshooter.com/2010/06/magpul-invents-new-quad-stack-magazine-for-ars/
- ^ Crane, David (December 3, 2010). "DR Exclusive!: SureFire MAG5-60 and MAG5-100 High Capacity Magazine (HCM) "Quad-Stack" AR Rifle Magazines: 60-Round/Shot and 100-Round/Shot AR (AR-15/M16) 5.56mm NATO Box Magazines for Significantly-Increased Firepower during Infantry Combat and Tactical Engagements of All Sorts". DefenseReview.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011.
- ^ Watters, Daniel: "The 5.56 X 45mm Timeline: A Chronology of Development", The Gun Zone, 2000-2007.
- ^ "NATO Infantry Weapons Standardization", NDIA Conference 2008
- ^ U.S. Patent 502,018, Magazine Gun, Application date: April 10, 1889, Issue date: July 25, 1893, Inventor: Arthur W. Savage
- ^ http://www.cairdpublications.com/scrap/armbitguns/images/Bren%20Guns.jpg
- ^ James H. Willbanks. Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact. p. 104.
- ^ a b "Large Capacity Ammunition Magazines Policy Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. May 31, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
- ^ Rose, Veronica (January 24, 2013). "Laws on High Capacity Magazines". cga.ct.gov. Connecticut General Assembly. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
- ^ http://www.outdoornews.com/January-2014/SAFEAct-court-ruling-dumps-7-bullet-limit/ Court Dumps Magazine Rule
- ^ "Maximum Permitted Magazine Capacity". Special Bulletin for Businesses No. 72. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 2014-12-08. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Magazines (firearms).


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|2 Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|950 Sq. Ft.
7-11 mo. - $35/mo. premium
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Local Schools
- Pet Policy
Birchwood Landing in Casselberry, FL
Discover Birchwood Landings for the very first time - comfortable, affordable "Florida living" in a great location, convenient to shopping, banking & restaurants. Our spacious apartments offer over-sized closets, large kitchen pantries, ceiling fans, and much more. Whether you enjoy relaxing inside at the end of the day or outside by the swimming pool, you'll feel right at home at Birchwood Landings. So, stop by and select your apartment home today . . . you'll be glad you did!
Special Features
- Huge Relaxing Swimming Pool
- Walk to Shopping, Dining, & More
- Two On-site Laundry Centers
- Large Pets Welcome (see Pet Policy)
- Two Beautiful Picnic Areas
- All Apartment Homes are Corner Locations
- Fun Playground
- Fully-equipped Eat-In Kitchens w/Breakfast Bars
- Great On-site Management Team
- Awesome Howell Branch & 436 Location
- Car Wash Center
Community Features
- Apartment
- Bilingual
- Courtyard
- Disability Access
- Freeway Access
- Garden Style
- Garden Style
- Laundry Facility
- Market Rate
- Playground
- Pool
- Public Transportation
- Surface Lot
- View
Additional Information
Apartments in Community: 184
Apartment Amenities
- Air Conditioning
- Broadband Internet Access
- Cable or Satellite
- Carpet
- Ceiling Fan
- Garbage Disposal
- Internet Access
- Tile Floors
- Walk In Closets
- Window Covering
- Wireless Internet Access
Local Schools
- Lake Howell High School
- Sterling Park Elementary School
- Tuskawilla Middle School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Pet Policy
50 lbs or smaller fully grown are allowed. Breed restrictions apply. Up to 2 pets per apartment, no pet rent. 1 pet: $250 non-refundable pet fee 2 pets: $350 non-refundable pet fee
- Cats Allowed
- Large Dogs
- Pets Allowed
- Small Dogs Allowed
Contact Birchwood Landing
Birchwood Landing
Office HoursMon-Fri: 9am-6pm Sat: 10am-5pm Sun: 1pm-5pm
Spacious apartments offer walk-in closets, large kitchen pantry, ceiling fans and more. Other amenities include two laundry rooms, available digital cable, breakfast bars with eat-in kitchens, all corner units, high speed internet available, car wash center, and ceramic tile floors. Close to Casselberry shopping and restaurants.
From Howell Branch Rd. and 436 (Semoran Blvd.), travel north on 436. We are just past Howell Branch Rd. on your right.
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.
Quick Links For Your Apartment Search
- Orlando metro
- Sanford area
- Casselberry
- 32707
- See Also


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Beautiful Double Bloodroot
I colleague of mine sent me a picture from her garden of what I found out was Sanguinaria canadensis "Multiplex" ("Double Bloodroot").
What a stunner! (Here it is from a few weeks ago)
Well I guess I was so effusive in my praise of the photo that lucky me, she brought me a 'piece' of her plant.
Please tell me how it does in your garden.
Picture: Merlin's Hollow (May 10, 2014).
Rouge, David gave us some about five years ago. I don't think it spreads as quickly as single bloodroot, but it's quite hardy and very reliable here.
I'd say we get more show from our trilliums than from the single blood root. On the other hand, I'd say the double bloodroot really is an impressive plant.
""SWOON>> That double is spectacular!
I adore bloodroot! Why they don't grow in my garden is beyond me. I have tried so many times. They will return for a year or two and then disappear. I had so many roots I got from someone through the mail one year I shared some with my next-door neighbor, and she planted them around her patio. I now have none while she has a buttload...go figure. Only thing I think it might be is the chipmunks or voles eat the rhizomes, because I don't notice any when I'm digging in areas I've planted them. She has multiple cats; no varmit in its right mind, even if it is a tiny mind, would hang out next to her patio leisurely munching on bloodroot with those fat cats moseying around...
Oh....man, double bloodroot! Someone actually has double bloodroot!! SWOON is right! I have only seen it in a book!!! DROOLING!!! Lucky you to get a piece of it.
I only have single bloodroot that a friend gave me a few years ago. It is slowly multiplying.
Where are you folks located? How did she get hold of double bloodroot to begin with? Curiosity is killing me. :-)
Gardenvisions sells it. They are a very small epimedium speciality nursery in western ma. They have open weekends a couple times a year and sell at selected 'botanical events' in the spring.
Shame on me for forgetting the full name of the new owner (Karen), but she's carrying on the business started by Daryl Probst. He has most recently gained recognition with his new coreopsis strains. But he is first and foremost- for us older gardeners- the epimedium guru.
Gardenvisions does mail order.Don't know if the window has closed or if they even ship the bloodroots.
As some know, 'Multiplex' has an interesting horticultural history.
Although there are partially-double/ semi-double forms of bloodroot, only the fully double one can be called 'Multiplex'.
H. Lincoln Foster's research, published in the Connecticut Plantsman (1975), doesn't seem to be disputed; namely, that all 'Multiplex', grown in all gardens, comes from a single plant, discovered in Dayton, Ohio, in 1917.
It seems hard to believe.
This post was edited by SunnyBorders on Thu, Jun 19, 14 at 23:12
Garden Visions does carry it for only $18, and is shipping through June. Then you have to wait till September to order.
Remember the post on the demise of local nurseries? This tiny one is a labor of love and the plants are excellent quality.In addition to about 150 epimediums they have a limited number of other wildflowers, some of which I've never seen listed anywhere else.They are at the very end of the on line catalogue, so scroll down if you don't want to get sidetracked by the epimediums.
It spreads so quickly and voraciously, I'd almost call it thuggish. It's growth far outstrips the single form. All in all, it's a very nice plant. The flowers and foliage persist for a much longer time than the single form, and I assume that's what makes it such a good grower.
The high prices are unjustified, considering it's growth rate.
Amazing the different opinions on this plant. One says that it is a slow grower yet some say it spreads so fast. Probably because they may not be growing in the correct conditions. I know one can purchase just about any type of plant from a nursery/grower somewhere, but like most of the plant traders on this site and others, we like to trade plants. In my opinion, it is not that much more rarer than a lot of perennials some of us have in our garden collections. .It has not gone extinct or is not a invasive plant that gardeners should not be spreading around. Just have not gone out of my way to purchase it. Just need someone that is willing to "Share" in exchange for something else. I understand some gardeners do not want other folks to have some rare or unusual plants making their gardens "special", but I thought most gardeners are willing to "share" some of their pride and joy plants. I will keep hoping that one day, someone will have some to share/trade, and I am quite sure there are many others on this site thinking the same thing but just do not want their thoughts known. Anyway, have fun gardening and a wonderful year. The single form spreads very easily, just take a little time and being patient.
I don't think it is a question of not wanting to "share". I am willing to share anything in my garden>>but not by mail. I got into that years ago on another garden site...packing up, making sure they are wet, mailing off and frequently being told they did not arrive in "good" condition. It is not worth my time...I am not a mail order nursery. Enjoy the pictures or just order one.
shadeyplace. Sorry you had problems with folks you traded with thru the mail. I guess you must have ran across some difficult folks. I trade and send using Priority Mail, always 2-3 days, and only send early thru the week so plants do not sit at post office over the week-end. Perhaps you may have sent them to wet or too dry. Knowing how each plant grows and how the " nurseries or growers" ship, it is easy. They have to ship their plants when ordered thru the mail, but it can be confusing. I understand it is easier to share with neighbors and folks that live close by. Never meant for anyone to think we would expect you or anyone else to be a mail order nursery. Perhaps you may have sent them to wet. Good luck with your gardening and I understand about your not wanting to mail plants, it is understandable,


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Advice on Sidewalk Edible Landscape
Hi All,
I'm working on a project and could use some advice. This sidewalk used to be 8ft wide, but when I had it replaced I made it 4ft with planting beds on either side. The bed between the curb and walk is only 16" wide and 12 to 18 inches deep. In some places there is bedrock at the bottom, other places rocky clay. The bed between the walk and the wall is about 2ft wide and the same depth as the narrow bed. The overall length is about 100ft and the wall tapers from 6ft down to 2ft. The upper end gets full sun, the bottom portion gets some full sun, but more dappled sun due to a large silver maple in the yard above.
My goal is plant it with fairly low maintenance perennials including some edibles, with a casual, cottage garden look. I don't mind if wildlife or neighbors enjoy the fruit.
My current plan for the wall bed is to train grapes to grow on the fence, some berry shrubs including lowbush blueberry, lingonberry, and possibly gooseberry and/or currant. The main groundcover initially would be white clover, but I'd like to mix in some fragrant herbs, salad burnett, hostas and lilies of the valley. I'd also like to mix in a variety of flowering bulbs.
I'm less certain what to do with the curb side bed. Originally, I wanted to have some hazelnut and cornelian cherry dogwoods, but I believe the bed is too small even for dwarf trees. I plan on using white clover for groundcover, and possibly punctuate at the ends and a couple places in between with small berry shrub and under plantings, or maybe just some hostas.
Despite good clay content, we tend to have acidic soil here. Azaleas, Yew, Rhododendrons, Hostas, Forsythia, Black-Capped Raspberries, and Lillies of the valley are the survivors in the yard. These plants were quite old when we moved in around 1977, and are common in the neighborhood.
I'm filling beds kind of HugelKulture style, layering in logs and other yard litter, cardboard, soil and other amendments. I have some experience with this and it seems to work well. The wall bed looks like it will get plenty of moisture, but I think the curb bed will be drier.
I'm looking for suggestions on the varieties of berry shrubs that might work well, or any other suggestions on how to best make use of this space.
Here's the small bed on the other side of the driveway entrance I planted last week. It's a lowbush blueberry, some hostas, lillies of the valley, some annual flowers, and clover just starting to sprout.
Here's a view of the wall bed further down where the wall is much taller:
Thanks in advance,
If you are considering fruit trees, consider planting pear trees and keep them pruned to grow in the narrow space. I have seen it done in Italy similar to grapes. Use support posts at each end and intermitantly as needed and wires to support the limbs. It is very attractive and produces a lot of fruit.
I agree with Charlie, adding a few espaliered (pruned into a planar form) fruit trees would be very cool along the wall.
For the smaller bed, strawberries would probably work. I'd be concerned about whatever you plant in the smaller bed getting beaten up by the snow getting pushed onto it by the snow plows. Strawberries would probably survive.
You could try other edible vines, for instance hardy kiwis would probably work well if you trained them onto the wall. They'd probably do fine in the area with less than full sun, too.
Cool project. I hope you don't mind other people helping themselves to your fruit, because I could imagine people walking down your sidewalk and grabbing some of your treats
If you want a tree for small sunny spots, Beach Plums are native. They don't produce a lot of fruit, but they are very tolerant of road salt and sandy soil. They seemed to do well in my parent's acidic soil (even with my inept attempt at planting them).
Training grapes along a trellis is a good idea.
I understand many kinds of clover are edible.


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Medicare Part D Coverage Gap:
Discount Program Effects and Brand-Name Drug Price Trends
GAO-12-914: Published: Sep 28, 2012. Publicly Released: Oct 26, 2012.
Audio interview by GAO staff with John Dicken, Director, Health Care
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-7114
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
As part of Medicare's Part D Coverage Gap Discount Program (Discount Program), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), located within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), oversees the provision of discounts by plan sponsors to eligible beneficiaries when they purchase brand-name drugs and monitors that discounts are paid for by drug manufacturers. CMS checks prescription drug data to verify that sponsors provide accurate discounts at the point-of-sale to eligible beneficiaries in the coverage gap. These checks include verifying whether a beneficiary has reached the coverage gap and that the plan sponsor has calculated the discount amount correctly. CMS also tracks that manufacturers pay plan sponsors for the discounts sponsors have provided to beneficiaries and has implemented a dispute resolution process for manufacturers disputing discount payment amounts. CMS also performs other activities such as monitoring beneficiary complaints related to the program.
The plan sponsors, pharmacy benefit managers (PBM) that negotiate on behalf of plan sponsors, and drug manufacturers GAO interviewed had different perspectives on aspects of the drug pricing and plan design effects of the Discount Program. Most sponsors and PBMs believed the Discount Program may have been a contributing factor in the rising prices of some brand-name drugs by some manufacturers. However, most manufacturers did not believe the Discount Program affected drug prices they negotiated with sponsors and PBMs. The PBMs we interviewed also told us they observed that some manufacturers decreased the amount of rebates for the brand-name drugs they offered, which they believe occurred as a result of the Discount Program. In comparison, most of the plan sponsors did not observe manufacturers decreasing rebate amounts and most manufacturers reported no effects on their rebate negotiations as a result of the Discount Program. Most sponsors and PBMs told GAO that the Discount Program did not affect Part D plan formularies, plan benefit designs, or utilization management practices.
GAO found that the prices for high-expenditure brand-name drugs used by beneficiaries in the coverage gap and by those who did not reach the gap in 2011 increased at a similar rate before and after the Discount Program was implemented in January 2011. Specifically, from January 2007 to December 2010, before the Discount Program began, the median price for the basket of 77 brand-name drugs (weighted by the utilization of each drug) used by beneficiaries in the coverage gap increased 36.2 percent. During the same period, the median price for the basket of 78 brand-name drugs used by beneficiaries who did not reach the coverage gap increased 35.2 percent. From December 2010 through December 2011, the first year with the Discount Program, the median price for the two baskets increased equally by about 13 percent, the greatest increase in median price for both baskets compared to earlier individual years.
HHS reviewed a draft of this report and in its written comments noted that GAO's findings on stakeholder perspectives and changes in brand-name drug prices were consistent with its experience and CMS's drug price analysis. HHS stated that CMS will continue to monitor the Discount Program and Part D drug prices.
Why GAO Did This Study
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 established the Discount Program to help Medicare Part D beneficiaries with their prescription drug costs while in the coverage gap, which occurs between the initial and catastrophic coverage periods where Medicare helps pay for drug costs. Until the Discount Program began in 2011, beneficiaries in the coverage gap paid 100 percent of drug costs. The Discount Program required manufacturers to provide a 50 percent discount on the price of brand-name drugs for beneficiaries in the gap.
GAO was asked to describe (1) CMS's oversight of the Discount Program; (2) perspectives of plan sponsors, manufacturers, and PBMs on effects of the Discount Program; and (3) how prices for brand-name drugs used by beneficiaries in the coverage gap and by those who did not reach the gap changed before and after the start of the Discount Program. To describe CMS's oversight, GAO reviewed CMS documents and interviewed CMS officials. To describe perspectives on the effects of the Discount Program, GAO interviewed the 7 largest Part D plan sponsors based on enrollment data, 8 of 10 manufacturers of brand-name drugs with the highest expenditures in the gap, and 3 PBMs who contracted with sponsors GAO interviewed. To describe price changes, GAO used CMS Part D data from 2007 to 2011 to track prices for high-expenditure brand-name drugs used by those in and those who did not reach the gap. GAO compared prices for the two baskets because drugs used by those in the gap may be more susceptible to price increases since manufacturers must provide the discount for these drugs.
For more information, contact John Dicken at (202) 512-7114 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Mar 27, 2015
Children's Health Insurance:Coverage of Services and Costs to Consumers in Selected CHIP and Private Health Plans in Five StatesGAO-15-323: Published: Feb 25, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 27, 2015.
Mar 25, 2015
Health Care Funding:Federal Obligations to and Expenditures by Selected Entities Involved in Health-Related Activities, 2010-2012GAO-15-270R: Published: Mar 20, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 25, 2015.
Mar 24, 2015
Drug Discount Program:Status of GAO Recommendations to Improve 340B Drug Pricing Program OversightGAO-15-455T: Published: Mar 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 24, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
Private Health Insurance:Early Evidence Finds Premium Tax Credit Likely Contributed to Expanded Coverage, but Some Lack Access to Affordable PlansGAO-15-312: Published: Mar 23, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Medicare:Payment Methods for Certain Cancer Hospitals Should Be Revised to Promote EfficiencyGAO-15-199: Published: Feb 20, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Mar 13, 2015
Medicaid Financing:Questionnaire Data on States' Methods for Financing Medicaid Payments from 2008 through 2012 (GAO-15-227SP, March 2015), an E-supplement to GAO-14-627GAO-15-227SP: Published: Mar 13, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 13, 2015.
Medicaid Financing:States' Increased Reliance on Funds from Health Care Providers and Local Governments Warrants Improved CMS Data Collection [Reissued on March 13, 2015]GAO-14-627: Published: Jul 29, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 29, 2014.
Mar 9, 2015
Comparative Effectiveness:Initial Assessment of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research InstituteGAO-15-301: Published: Mar 9, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 9, 2015.
Mar 4, 2015
Healthcare.gov:CMS Has Taken Steps to Address Problems, but Needs to Further Implement Systems Development Best PracticesGAO-15-238: Published: Mar 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
Drug Shortages:Better Management of the Quota Process for Controlled Substances Needed; Coordination between DEA and FDA Should Be ImprovedGAO-15-202: Published: Feb 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
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Work Family Society Work Family Issues Projects
Working Conditions and Health
Ongoing since 1985
Study of working conditions and impact on health
Working Conditions and Health is a group of inter-related research projects with a common interest in understanding the relation of working conditions to the physical and mental health of workers.
An in-depth look at teen/parent sexual communicationCompletedTeen/Parent sexual communication
This project is an in-depth qualitative investigation of teen/parent communication about sex and relationships, which provides an in-depth look at families participating in the evaluation of middle school education program. It includes interviews with 32 teen/parent pairs who are participants in the Get Real middle school sex education program.
Family Policies and Women's Labor Market CareersOngoing since 2011A comparison between the U.S. and Finland
This research project is divided into two separate sub-projects. The first concentrates on analyzing the effects of family leave policies in the United States. The analysis uses micro data from the U.S. to evaluate the economic issues related to parental leaves. The changes in Federal and State level parental leave mandates in the 1980s and 1990s provide an interesting setting in which the career impacts of parental leaves can be evaluated. The second research stream will perform a similar evaluation using Finnish data. Finland has an extensive family leave policy that was developed over the last 40 years, providing a useful comparison to the United States. The project is funded by the 35th Anniversary Fund of the WCW.
Work, Families and ChildrenOngoing since 1986Assessing Child Care Issues in Working Families
This long-term program brings together research on employment, work and family issues, and child care as a support for working families.
Child Care Voucher ProjectCompleted 2007Assessing Massachusetts' Voucher System
WCW researchers participated in a study, led by Dr. Valora Washington and under the auspices of the Bessie Tartt Wilson Children's Foundation, to evaluate the child care voucher system in Massachusetts.
Influence of Early Care and Education on Children's Outcomes and Family Functioning: An Ecological Model2004-2006An Ecological Model: ECE, Children's Outcomes and Family Functioning
This study examines the varying quality of child care in Massachusetts and across the nation, and its effect on children's performance and family functioning.
Perceptions of Work Environments and Relationships (POWER)Completed in 2006Social Class Perceptions of Work Environments
This program examined the ways urban high school students benefit from and utilize school-to-work programs, with an exploration of class differences on work relationships and overall experience.
National Institute on Out-of-School Time (NIOST)Ongoing since 1978NIOST
This long-term program has brought national attention to the importance of children's out-of-school time using research, training and advocacy to strengthen children's emotional, physical, and social development.
Puerto Rican Young Fathers' Involvement with Their Children1999-2003Puerto Rican Fathers and Their Children
This study utilized the data from interviews to determine what factors permeated the experiences of young Puerto Rican fathers.
Changing WorkforceEmployment in the 21st Century
This group of inter-related research projects examines three related changes in the U.S. workplace - rising employment in the service industries, increased diversity of the workforce, and the increase in numbers of older workers.


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We totally enjoyed our stay here - If you like place with character and charm - this is for you. We stayed in junior suite which was roomy for 3 of us. The room was clean and furnished fitting with style of the hotel. We enjoyed the continental breakfast and the wine and cheese which was offerred in the afternoon. On New Year's eve they left party hats and bottle of champagne in our room. The price is very reasonable - I booked directly with the hotel and the service was good. Very happy. I would be happy to return here.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Orbitz, BookIt.com, Cheap Tickets, getaroom.com, Odigeo and TripOnline SA so you can book your Beresford Arms reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Humorist's Ohio Home On National Register Of Historic Places
The suburban ranch-style home in Ohio where humor writer Erma Bombeck launched her nationally syndicated column has been added to the National Register of Historic Places.
A federal judge has denied two disqualified Libertarian candidates immediate access to Ohio's fall ballot and hints the decision may foreshadow his final judgment.
Voting is under way in Ohio's primary election that will cull the field of candidates for state and U.S. House posts, and decide the fate of a levy request for the Columbus Zoo.
The Ohio Supreme Court has ordered that a central Ohio sheriff be put back on the May primary ballot for a Democratic party committee post.
Two Libertarian candidates for statewide office in Ohio have been tossed from the May primary ballot by the state elections chief.
A federal judge has blocked enforcement of a law that made it harder for minor party candidates to get on the ballot.
Columbus City Council is trying to keep the city's contract to purchase Nationwide Arena off of the ballot.
With nearly two-thirds of the vote counted Columbus School District voters are saying an unqualified no to higher property taxes and school leaders' reform plans.
Supporters of a proposal to expand Medicaid can now begin collecting signatures in a campaign that could put the issue before Ohio voters next year.
A Columbus school board member says the district should break up a massive levy scheduled for the November ballot in order to limit the amount of money being shared with charter schools.
City leaders in Upper Arlington say they're ready to proceed with a planned entertainment district now that voters have approved expanded liquor sales.


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The Other Critics: Wells Gives One Star to MP Taverna; Alan Richman Praises ZZ's Clam Bar
Plus: Daniel S. Meyer on Costata, and more, in this week's roundup.READ MORE »
Plus: Daniel S. Meyer on Costata, and more, in this week's roundup.READ MORE »
When Is a Penis Too Good to Break Up With?
18 Women on What Contractions Really Feel Like
21 NYC Women Confess the Dumbest Thing They Spend Their Money On
The Best of Haruki Murakami's Advice Column
Zayn Malik Gives His First Interview Post–One Direction, Breaks Even More Hearts
Why Do Severed Goat Heads Keep Turning Up in Brooklyn?
Good-bye to Pommes Frites, One of New York's Great Late-Night Institutions
The Life and Crimes of Robert Durst: A Timeline
The Walking Dead Spinoff Just Got a Really Stupid Name
Every Will Ferrell Movie, Ranked From Worst to Best


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Pumpkin Soup Wrth Shrimp
|1 3⁄4 Pound
|Celery sticks
|Chopped shallots
|Shelled shrimp
|1⁄4 Pound (prawns)
|Fresh lemon juice
|1 Teaspoon
|2 1⁄4 Cup (36 tbs)
|To Taste
|To Taste
|2 Tablespoon
Skin and seed the pumpkin and remove the pith, Cut the flesh into 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) slices and then into small cubes.
Wash the celery.
Remove the leaves and set aside.
Chop the stalks finely.
Put the shallots, pumpkin, celery stalks and leaves into a casserole.
Add 1/2 cup (5 tablespoons) of water.
Cover and microwave on HIGH for 10 minutes.
Set 1 oz (25 g) of the shrimp (prawns) aside.
Puree the remaining shrimp (prawns) in a food processor.
Add lemon juice.
When the pumpkin is cooked, discard the celery leaves and pour the mixture into the food processor with the shrimp (prawn) puree.
Puree the mixture until smooth.
Put the milk into a bowl and microwave on HIGH for 4 minutes.
Pour over the pumpkin puree and puree again.
Add salt and pepper to taste.


text: School Bulletin Board Board News Important Information Tweets by @StMarcellinusSS Parent Information Letter for CCCC Letter to Parents regarding the 2015 OSSLT Letter to Parents regarding revisions to the Health and Physical Education Curriculum Semester 2 Parent Teacher Interview Form Upcoming Cyber Academy Fall 2014 Newsletter Dufferin-Peel Catholic Board extends busing eligibility for secondary school students Registration Information 2014-15 School Year Calendar Student Transportation School Bus Distance Eligibility DPCDSB 2014-2015 Public Budget Consultation St. Marcellinus Parent Council Meeting Night Dufferin-Peel Catholic Institute for International Education International Student Exchange Information Safe @ St. Marcellinus Online Reporting Tool The following REPORTING TOOL is intended for students who become aware of bullying incidents and negative behaviours impacting the school community. It is designed to provide information that will help promote a positive school climate. We ask all students to please report any negative incidents that affect your well-being and/or the well-being of your school community by clicking on the link above. The incident may be one that either you have witnessed or experienced yourself. When you fill out this form, you are NOT REQUIRED to provide your name or any other identifiable information anywhere. If the information provided is anoymous, it may be dealt with in a general way as there is no means to respond specifically when there is limited information provided. DEPENDING ON THE KIND OF INFORMATION YOU PROVIDE, you may be identifiable. In some cases, if you are identifiable based on the information provided, the school principal/vice-principal may approach you to provide a little more information on a confidential basis. If you choose to identify yourself as part of the reporting process, the principal/vice-principal may follow up with you directly. If you have any questions about this tool, please contact the Principal and/or Vice-Principal. Trustee Newsletters June 2014 - Peter Ferreira Trustee Newsletter June 2014 - Thomas Thomas Trustee Newletter A message from our Trustee Peter Ferreria SHSM Programs @ St. Marcellinus SS SHSM BROCHURE - CLICK HERE! School Newspaper Semester 1 Newspaper School Achievements FIRST Robotics 2015 - GTR Central Congratulations to the Spirit Robotics Team for their success at the GTR Central FIRST Robotics Competition. After 2 days of competing the team advanced through quarter finals to finish as semi-finalists (4th place Alliance). Way to go Spirit Robotics!!! The Spirit Way SPEAKING POSTIVELY INTERACTING RESPONSIBILITY INDIVIDUALLY & TOGETHER WHAT IS THE SPIRIT WAY? This should be the root of everything we do, believe, teach and practice. It is who we are. It will give us the language which will be a basic understanding amongst the school population. It will be the culture we create, a brand that is recognizable and understood. Remembering In loving memory of our friend, colleague, and teacher Shawn D. MacIntosh November 17, 1962 - March 13, 2013 Community Events Register for the 2014 Race Against Racism Feeling charitable! Donate your used computers to the non-profit run by two of our alumni. Just follow this link: CLICK TO CONNECT Community Links Settlement Services Student Accident Insurance CHECK TO SEE IF YOUR BUS IS LATE OR CANCELLED Student Transportation of Peel Region (STOPR) Young Worker Health and Safety Act Info (EN) (FR) Young Worker Parent Information (EN) (FR) Young Worker Student Information (EN) (FR) Sir John A Macdonald Contest 26/03/2015 The Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board is hosting a board-wide multi-media contest for students to recognize and celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Sir John A. Macdonald. Read More Revised Health and Physical Education Curriculum 25/02/2015 On February 23, the Ministry of Education released its updated Health and Physical Education Curriculum. Read the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board's letter to the community regarding the revised curriculum. Read More More Board News


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Full Review
Lil Boosie unleashes a new track today titled "Crazy", Produced by B-Real. His new album "Touchdown To Cause Hell" is set to drop on September 23rd.
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Don't call it a comeback! Since being released from the Louisiana State Penitentiary on March 5, 2014, Boosie, now officially known as Boosie Badazz, has been on a non-stop blitz of studio sessions, celebrity appearances and shows across the country. On [...]
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Check out Boosie's take on the hit song from Young Thug, Birdman and Rich Homie Quan. Be sure to look out for Boosie's new album which is set to drop before the end of 2014.


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Quartet® Reversible chalkboard with black writing surface has oak frame and full-length chalk rail. Chalkboard measures 6' x 4' and is great for use in home or school.
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Quartet® Reversible Chalkboard, 6' x 4'
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Nothing Erases - Useless
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from California
Comments about Quartet® Reversible Chalkboard, 6' x 4':
I ordered this for my classroom but the quality is terrible. It's barely reversible (you can't just flip it), very unsteady (it moves a lot, wiggles) when you try to write on it, and anything that's written on it can barely be erased. It's useless. I broke it in according to the instructions but it resulted in a chalky mess. I need the board for mid-June, but at this rate, I won't be able to use it.
Would you recommend this product? No, I would not recommend this to a friend
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White beans and sausage
Community Recipe from
- 1 Medium sweet onion Chopped
- 2 tablespoon(s) Olive oil
- 1 pound(s) Bulk mild or sweet Italian sausage
- 1 can(s) Tomato paste small
- 1 can(s) Fire roasted diced tomatos
- 1/2 cup(s) Chicken broth
- 2 can(s) cannellini beans Rinsed and drained
- Black pepper to taste
- 1 tablespoon(s) Chopped fresh rosemary
- Red pepper flakes, optional
- 1 bag(s) Fresh baby spinach
- Parmesan cheese, shaved
- In a large frying pan over medium heat, sauté onion in olive oil until golden. Add Italian sausage and cook until browned and no pink shows. Add tomato paste, sauté for 1 minute, stirring constantly. Add diced tomatoes and beans. Stir to combine and bring to simmer. Add chicken broth, stir well. Add rosemary, black pepper and red pepper flakes to taste, if using. Simmer over low heat until thickened, 15 minutes or so. Stir in fresh spinach until wilted. Serve in bowls with Parmesan cheese shavings.
July 2014
This recipe is a personal recipe added by valmky and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
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Cross-Layer Design for the MIMO System With Zero-Forcing Receiver in the Presence of Channel Estimation Error
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Executive Summary
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system has been recognized as a promising candidate for future wireless communication. The adaptive modulation which adjusts the transmitter parameters, such as modulation order, transmit power or coding rate, to time-varying channel conditions has been applied to MIMO system and shown a good average spectral efficiency performance. In this paper, the Channel Estimation Error (CEE)'s effect on the effective spectral efficiency of the MIMO system with zero-forcing receiver is investigated, when the transmitter adopts adaptive modulation.
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Pope Francis continues to break Vatican traditions, this time it involves the Swiss Guards.
According to reports, the new pontiff left his apartment at Domus Marta and went out into the hall where he found a Swiss Guard standing at attention outside his door.
He asked him, "And what are you doing here? Were you awake all night?
"Yes," the guard answered.
Surprised to learn that the guard had been standing all night, with only a brief break when a colleague relieved him, the pope asked the guard if he was not tired, to which the former replied, "It's my duty Your Holiness, for Your safety."
The returned to his apartment, and after a few minutes came back with a chair in his hand. "At least sit down and rest," he told the shocked guard, who replied, "Forgive me, but I can't! The rules don't allow it."
He explained he could not because of the rules set by the captain of the guards.
"Oh, is that so? Well, I'm the Pope and I am asking you to sit down," the head of the 1.2-billion Roman Catholic Church replied.
The guard happily complied with the papal bull and even partook of some bread and jam that the former Buenos Aires archbishop known as Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio also provided him, with the parting words, "Buon appetito, brother."
That incident, shared over Facebook, is one of the many stories indicating how humble and different is Pope Francis from other high and mighty Vatican officials, including his predecessor Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI.
Besides shunning red Prada shoes, the luxurious papal apartment and a Mercedes Benz popemobile, Pope Francis in his one-month reign, had broken protocol by straying away from his security, breaking barricades and embracing the pilgrims at Vatican Square.
The different style of the pontiff prompted one Italian newspaper to comment that if he continues to break Vatican tradition, it would drive the Swiss Guards crazy.
However, a Swiss Guard who protected Pope John Paul II in the 1980s, admitted that while the pope has to balance security issues with his mission of engaging the public, it is the guards who has to adjust, not the pontiff.
"The first priority of the papacy is not security. The first priority of the papacy is his ministry. Having the pope go in St. Peter's Square and things like that - that's never going to change. That's part and parcel of what he does," WPTV quoted Andreas Widmer, a former Swiss Guard.
Pope John Paul II proved that when despite the assassination attempt on him in 1981, agreed to use a bulletproof popemobile afterward, but refused to wear bulletproof vests in public.
Apparently, the two popes - and even the one in between them - believe more in the armour of God than in man-made protection.
"He doesn't just shake people's hand, he hugs them, he kisses them. And that is an expression of the papacy that is just amazing," Mr Widmer said.
Read also:
Vatican Receives Yearly 600 Claims Against Abusive Priests; Pope Francis Seeks Determined Action vs Sex Abuse Cases
After Catholic Cardinals Elect Pope Francis, Anglican Bishops Name Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury
DreamWorks to Make Film About Catholic Church Sex Abuse Scandals
Video Game with Pope Benedict Look-a-Like Causes Furor in Spain


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Interactive Seating Charts
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White Spelt flour as substitute for all purpose flour?
My DS #2 moved across the country, and left me with much of his food, including white spelt flour. Last night I made a starter for ciabatta, but realized I'm out of all purpose flour. I have whole wheat flour and the white spelt flour on hand. Could I substitute the white spelt flour for all purpose flour? I've never used spelt flour before. As it is, the recipe I'm using is a white bread recipe, so using whole wheat flour is already an aberration from the original. This recipe is from The King Arthur Flour Baker's Companion. I've made it according to the recipe several times, and it is very good. Now I'm ready to play with the recipe.
1/4 teaspoon instant yeast
1/2 cup (4 ounces) water
1 1/2 cup (6 1/4 ounces) unbleached all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon (a very scant 1/8 ounce) instant yeast
2 teaspoons (1/8 ounce) nonfat dry milk
1 1/2 teaspoons (1/4 ounce) salt
3/4 cup plus 3 tablespoons (7 3/4 ounces) water*
1 tablespoon (3/8 ounce) olive oil
2 cups 8 1/2 ounces) unbleached all-purpose flour
* Use an additional 2 to 3 tablespoons water in the winter, or in very dry weather conditions.
To make the biga: Mix all the ingredients in a medium-sized bowl. cover the bowl, and let it rest for about 12 hours, or overnight.
For the dough: Use your fingers to pull the biga into walnut-sized pieces, and place the pieces into the bowl of an electric mixer. Add the yeast, dry milk, salt, water, olive oil, and flour, and beat slowly with a flat beater paddle or beaters for about 3 minutes. Replace the beater paddle with the dough hook, increase the speed to medium, and knead for 10 minutes. Teh dough should be very sticky and slack. Transfer the dough to a lightly greased bowl or dough-rising bucket, cover the bowl or bucket, andlet the dough rise for 2 to 3 hours, gently deflating it and turning it over every 45 minutes or so.
To shape the loaves: Transfer the dough to a lightly greased work surface and use a bench knife or dough scraper to divide it in half. Working with one half at a time, shape the dough into a rough log. Transfer the log to a parchment-lined baking sheet, or one sprinkled with cornmeal or semolina, and flatten it into an irregular 10 x 4-inch oval. Use your fingers - your entire finger, not just the tip - to indent the surface of the dough vigorously and thoroughly. Repeat with the remaining piece of dough. Cover the loaves with heavily greased plastic wrap or a proof cover, and set them aside to rise until very puffy, 2 to 3 hours, depending on the warmth of your kitchen.
Baking the bread: Half an hour before you want to bake the bread, preheat the oven to 425 degrees F. Spritz water into the oven with a clean plant mister for about 5 seconds. Place the bread in the oven and spritz water into the oven three more times during the first 10 minutes of baking. Bake the loves for a total of about 25 minutes, or until they're a deep golden brown and their interior temperature measures 210 degrees F. Remove the loaves from the pan and return them to the oven. Turn off the oven, crack the door open a couple of inches, and let the loaves cool completely in the oven. Dust the loaves generously with flour.
I've actually never done the last to things - letting the bread cool in the open oven or dusting them with flour, and I doubt I will, as I have a toddler living with me now, and it's just to dangerous.
Anyway, what do you all think about subbing spelt flour? I just have no idea.
White, or wholegrain spelt for that matter, does not have as much gluten in it as there is in all-purpose flour, so expect a smaller loaf (less loft), or add vital wheat gluten to help compensate.
The gluten level in spelt is 5,000 parts per million, compared to wheat which BEGINS at 50,000 parts per million and goes up.
The gluten in spelt is also somewhat different than that found in wheat and doesn't have the extensibility that wheat flour does. Spelt also requires less kneading and less hydration due to less gluten (gluten soaks up water like a sponge), so adjust the liquid in the recipe, or add more flour to get the right "feel".
I use spelt in baked goods that don't require a lot of gluten-development (cake, pastry, cookies, quick breads, etc.), but I also use it in yeast breads in combination with hard white wheat flour. If you are unaccustomed to working with spelt, you may benefit from using spelt-specific recipes until you get accustomed to using it.
A great book on the subject is "The Spelt Cookbook" by Helga Hughes. The recipes use both white spelt and wholegrain spelt flour.
This is a suggestion from Purity Foods (Vita Spelt Flour) - http://www.purityfoods.com/cooking_resources
Spelt can make fantastic breads and delicious pastries. It has a very fragile gluten which means that the initial mix time (when water is first added to the flour) has to be no more than 4 minutes, 3 1/2 minutes is a good target. Mix the flour/liquid enough to get the dough to become homogenous. Once mixed you can treat the dough just like it were wheat from then on. A couple of other hints to achieve higher loaf volume:
* Take 1/2 of all ingredients (including the yeast), place in bowl and mix until you produce the dough.
* Cover and place in accessible spot for later use.
* Within 5 to 12 hours add the remainder of all ingredients to the bowl (sponge dough), mix and proceed as normal. Spelt flour is high in complex carbohydrates and, as such, needs to have some of the complex carbohydrates reduced to simple sugars so that the yeast will have a strong food source. By setting a sponge, you are releasing the enzymes in the flour that are activated when wet, to begin the conversion process. The resulting bread will have better cell structure, greater loaf volume and a lighter crust.
* Replace some whole grain spelt flour with Vita Spelt white flour- you will get more volume and a lighter loaf while still keeping many of the good characteristics of whole spelt.
Thanks, Grainlady. Actually, I went ahead and experimented by sort of combining the above recipe and a recipe I found on line for spelt bread. I used a combination of King Arthur whole wheat flour and the white spelt flour, about half and half, partly because I had already made the biga with the whole wheat flour. Then, I used the following recipe, adjusting the spelt flour amounts and water amounts to try and have the correct total for each ingredient. I used the technique for making ciabatta, where I let it sit, turned the dough, let it sit, turned the dough, until I was ready to bake the bread. It ended up making 2 loaves, which I baked in loaf pans, instead of ciabatta style. Surprisingly, it turned out surprisingly well, considering at the last, I tried to make one loaf out of it, and when I saw the dough spilling out of the pan I realized I had to deflate it yet once again and put it into two loaf pans.
Here's the other recipe I used. I used dark honey instead of brown sugar. It's from Versagrain.com.
Spelt Flour Recipes
Sweet and Hearty Spelt Bread Recipe
To cook this Spelt bread recipe you will need a 9 x 5 inch loaf pan and patience. Unlike white bread this recipe for Spelt bread will take twice as long to leaven. From start to finish, it will take 2 - 3 hours.
Ingredients (Makes 1 Loaf)
1 1/2 cups warm water (just barely hot to the touch)
1 package active dry yeast (1/4 ounce)
2 1/2 tablespoons brown sugar
1 tablespoon whole flaxseed (optional)
2 1/2 cups whole spelt flour
1 1/2 tablespoons butter, melted
2 1/2 tablespoons brown sugar
1/2 tablespoon salt
1 3/4 cups whole spelt flour
1 tablespoon butter, melted
In a large bowl, mix warm water, yeast, 2 1/2 tablespoons brown sugar, and 1 tablespoon of flaxseed (optional). Mix in 2 1/2 cups of spelt flour. Let set for 30 minutes, or until big and bubbly.
Mix in 1 1/2 tablespoons melted butter, 2 1/2 tablespoons of brown sugar, and salt. Stir in 1 3/4 cups of spelt flour. Flour a flat surface and knead with spelt flour until it pulls away from the counter but is still sticky to touch. This may take an additional 1 to 2 cups of spelt flour. Place in a greased bowl, turning once to coat the surface of the dough. Cover with a dishtowel. Let rise in a warm place until doubled (about 30 minutes).
Punch down and place in greased 9 x 5 inch loaf pan. Allow to rise until dough has topped the pan by one inch. Depending on your yeast this will take between
1 - 2 hours.
Bake at 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) for 25 to 30 minutes; do not over bake. Lightly brush the tops of loaves with 1 tablespoon of melted butter when done to prevent crust from getting hard. Cool completely.
TIP: Place a loaf pan of the same size over the top of the loaf while baking to create a better crust.
Substitutions and Additions
Honey can be substituted for the brown sugar in this whole spelt bread recipe.
Substitute white spelt flour, hard white wheat flour, or bread flour for the 2 1/2 cups of whole spelt flour to create an even lighter and fluffier loaf of whole grain bread.
To give this recipe a crunch, consider adding walnuts.
In this whole grain bread recipe we included the option for flaxseed because here at versagrain.com we are big proponents of incorporating flaxseed into your diet. Its high protein, fiber, and omega 3 fatty acids makes flaxseed a nutritional powerhouse your body can use to fight depression, cancer, and heart disease.
Woo Hoo!!! Glad to hear you had a good experience with spelt. It sounds like a good recipe.
The only thing I'd change is to grind the flaxseed, rather than leaving them whole. I add freshly-milled flaxmeal to anything possible from salads to smoothies, and all baked goods....
Whole flaxseed acts like a laxative, which is fine if you don't want all the other healthy benefits from the seeds -- like lignans, vitamins, minerals, (good) fat, proteins.... You really need to mill it to get all the "goodies" out of it.
The whole seeds are difficult to digest and can also be irritating to anyone with diverticulosis when the whole seeds get lodged in small pouches in the intestine. Freshly-ground flaxmeal also has a shortening-like effect and you can often cut the fat in foods when you include flaxmeal.
Here's a biscuit recipe you might like to try....
(source: The Spelt Cookbook - by Helga Hughes)
Elizabeth Rainey, the creator of this prize-winning recipe, says, "My biscuits are not only delicious for breakfast, but they freeze really well, and thus can be served with any meal."
Yield: 24 biscuits
1-1/2 c. whole-grain or white spelt flour
1/2 c. grits
1 T. plus 1 t. non-aluminum baking powder
1 t. sea salt
1/4 c. canola margarine
3/4 c. grated low-fat Cheddar cheese
1/2 c. chopped scallions
1/2 c. low-fat milk (or substitute)
1. Preheat the oven to 425F. Sprinkle an ungreased 16x11-inch baking sheet with 1 T. of grits, and set aside.
2. Place the flour, grits, baking powder, and salt in a 3-quart bowl, and mix. Cut the margarine into the flour mixture using a pastry blender or a large fork. Then use a wooden spoon to thoroughly mix the dough.
3. Fold the cheese and scallions into the dough. Add the milk a little at a time, and knead very gently until the dough forms a soft ball.
4. Place the dough on a lightly floured wooden board. Using a lightly floured rolling pin, roll the dough into an 8x9-inch rectangle. Use a sharp knfie to cut the dough into 24 3x1-inch biscuits (I cut them with a pizza cutter).
5. Place the biscuits about 1-inch apart on the prepared baking sheet and bake for 10-12 minutes, or until golden brown.
6. Transfer the biscuits to a serving plate, and serve warm with the topping of your choice.
Grainlady Note: Add some crispy, crumbled bacon to the dough for a great little breakfast biscuit.
In my kitchen, recipes are only a guideline and subject to changes and alterations (LOL). I use butter or coconut oil in the recipe. I haven't had "margarine" or shortening in the house in over 25-years.
Yes, regular grits, not instant, but instant would probably work too. I also use barley grits and buckwheat grits, which I mill myself.
I also use chives instead of scallions.


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Dan Pop Music
Music to enjoy at the lake, beach or wherever you enjoy a cold beverage.
An eclectic mix of Progressive Rock and Adult Alternative Rock/Pop. Wide range of music, drawn from prog, alternative, classic rock, and modern influences. The best mix of ear candy on Earth!
Prog, Fusion and Adult Alternative
Deep Cut Rock and Roll
Music from Cincinnati artists and ones that have played our clubs
This Internet station is a tribute to I-82, the legendary college radio station operated by the University of Southern Indiana. The playlist includes songs from the golden era of college rock and today.
BRIDR Radio
paragon theory radio - playing blues to bluegrass, jazz,rock, folk,experimental, and everything in between


text:
Resources and Publications
Resource and Publication
A ranking of 125 nations on the level of government imposed taxes and tariffs on ICT goods and services.
We are on the cusp of an IT-enabled transformation of transportation.
This report ranks 55 nations on the extent of how they practice trade mercantilism.
This report assesses the development of a "data divide" in America.
Policy should be reformed to better integrate the national labs with regional economies.
ITIF presents a framework for evaluating and resolving cross-border Internet policy conflicts.
This report provides a snapshot of states' efforts to create open data policies and portals.
The U.S. Export-Import Bank remains vital to supporting America's traded sector competitiveness.
The Chinese government has created a broad strategy to "informatize" its economy and society.
The future economic health of the U.S. economy will depend on the strength of its national innovation system.
We need a middle ground approach to international Internet policy.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture cleared the path to commercialization for a "genetically modified" potato developed by J.R. Simplott.
The President's efforts to promote transparency and good governance should be continued.
To be successful the TPP must protect IP.
New agreement will bring 200 additional ICT products under ITA coverage.
Setting carbon targets will not lead to deep decarbonization.
The Motion Picture Association of America launched its innovative new Website: WheretoWatch.com.
DOE's building efficiency challenge is serving as a critical driver of technology development and implementation.
Climate mitigation and energy access are not mutually exclusive.
What local Governments need to know to boost growth.
Robert Atkinson presented on IT policy issues at this event sponsored by the Copenhagen Business School.
A panel of experts discusses the truths and misconceptions of the DCMA.
Stephen Ezell led a workshop on value-driven service innovation at the Said Business School.
Atkinson gave the keynote address at Tecnomanagement 2013, one of Mexico's largest technology conferences.
This event, hosted by the European Institute and the Embassy of Belgium, will analyze the use of tax reforms...
Robert Atkinson will speak on forced localization at the "Implications of Localization Barriers in the...
Robert Atkinson presented The Whole Picture: Where America's Broadband Networks Really Stand at the...
Stephen Ezell presented Winning with Innovation-Based Economic Development to the Greater Baltimore Committee...
Stephen Ezell presented on the pros and cons of how LBTs like offsets impact the global innovation economy.
Robert Atkinson will present on "Achieving Shared Growth for the U.S. in a Global Economy" to the...
The Center for Data Innovation urged the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services to enact policies...
In testimony to the House Science, Space and Technology Subcommittee on Energy, Matthew Stepp rallied for...
A strong, growing, and collaborative trade relationship between the United States and India could be in...
Ensuring the uninhibited flow of information, data, and ICT services across borders is vital both to...
ICANN should avoid choosing one business model over another by allowing both open and closed generic TLDs.
Vermont's H112 should not be enacted because it is based on a misunderstanding about biotech crops.
Pressured or mandatory technology transfer by other nations has, is, and will continue to negatively impact...
Testimony before the U.S. International Trade Commission making the case for the expansion of the ITA.
COPPA restricts the development of a robust Internet ecosystem for children and should not be strengthened.
Strong leadership in cloud computing is necessary to remain globally competitive, advance technology in the...
A collection of essays making the case for the progressive power of innovation and the digital economy in enabling societies to cope with new challenges.
Conventional economics provides an increasingly poor guide for economic policy and should be replaced by an evolutionary economics framework.
Rob Atkinson contributed the chapter "Public Policy, Innovation and New Technologies" to the textbook "Guide to U.S. Economic Policy."
Robert Atkinson contributed the chapter "Innovation in Cities and Innovation by Cities" for the book "Creating Competitiveness: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Polices for Growth."
In a chapter for the new book Practicing Sustainability, Rob Atkinson wrote about sustainability from an innovation economics perspective.
"Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage." This new book delivers a critical wake-up call: a fierce global race for innovation advantage is under way and the United States is running the risk of losing.
Daniel Castro contributed a chapter titled "U.S. Federal Cybersecurity Policy" in the book "Cybersecurity: Public Sector Threats and Responses."
Rob Atkinson contributed a chapter titled chapter "Who's Who in Internet Politics" for the book "The Next Digital Decade: Essays on the Future of the Internet."
Supply-Side Follies: Why Conservative Economics Fails, Liberal Economics Falters, and Innovation Economics is the Answer
Supply-Side Follies methodically debunks the common assumptions of conservative economics and demonstrates why it is a flawed doctrine that is setting up the U.S. for a major economic downturn in the near future.
Taking into account the historical record, the book discusses the shortcomings of prevailing liberal and conservative economic doctrines and lays out a new growth economics agenda aimed at maximizing the productivity and innovation-enhancing forces of the New Economy.


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Thomas Seifert
hey there,
I thought mmcache is supposed to clear the last used entries from the cache if its running full.
While running some benchmarks I've recognized that php is slowing down if the cache is mostly full (around 20-30%!).
Yeah, I could run the "clear"-command from the webinterface even by cron but shouldn't mmcache circumvent this already?
btw. is there still some real development going on?
I would hate to see mmcache going lost against the others :(.
thanks in advance,
Michael Paesold
Have your tried to set mmcache.shm_ttl and
mmcache.shm_prune_period in your php.ini?
Those are times in seconds, e.g.
mmcache.shm_ttl = 60
mmcache.shm_prune_period = 15
means that the time-to-live for a cached script is 60 seconds. The script ttl is checked, whenever there is not enough room for new scripts. shm_prune_period = 15 says that this check will occure at most every 15 seconds.