text:
Buy online front row tickets for all Concert, Theater and Sporting events, and tickets to all sold out major events.
Sport, Concert and Theater tickets are hot and Frontrow.com has tickets to all your favorite events, including the Miami Heat Games, College Football and Super Bowl. We can get you "In the door" or the best seats to all games and events. Talk to one of our specialists or order online 24/7. Frontrow.com has a solid reputation of 22 years in the business selling tickets. Front row can get you tickets for all the, Playoffs and all NBA Games.
Valencia CF is always a great hit with every crowd. We stock all Valencia CF tickets to every Valencia CF show! Frontrow.com is your souce for premium Valencia CF tickets. Let us put you right up front and see Valencia CF like you've never seen before, up close and personal. Order online or call toll free at 800-881-7691 and speak to a frontrow concert experts.
BUY - SELL Valencia CF Tickets
Sell Your Valencia CF Tickets
Frontrow.com provides the ervice of finding and obtaining tickets to events worldwide. We are a private company not affiliated with any venue, stadium, promoter, theater or box office, the MLB, NBA, NFL, NCAA, NHL,NBA or any of their teams. Trademark, trade names, and copyrights, used in this web site are only for descriptive purposes. We Do not act with the permission or on behalf of any of above mentioned organizations.. We provide Valencia CF tickets through a range of sources and contacts. Prices for Valencia CF tickets are often higher than the ticket's face value, reflecting costs of finding and aquiring premium Valencia CF Tickets.
About us
Front Row is a quality ticket broker for all concerts, theater, and sporting events. Front Row sells the finest Valencia CF packages and tickets. If tickets you are searching for are not available, please check back as we always update and list new tickets in our huge inventory. Valencia CF schedules are on our web site. Just click to see our real-time online concert, sport and theater tickets.
Frontrowcom has the largest inventory of Valencia CF Tickets on the secondary ticket market. Call today for up to the latest information on ticket availability and prices since we constantly purchase new event tickets. If you want to go to a special Valencia CF event; we are your ticket broker for sold out Tickets. Front Row welcomes corporate accounts seeking premium tickets for entertaining clients.
Front Row has been a ticket broker for over two decades. Our mission statement is to give our clients the best service, lowest prices and reliability. When searching for Valencia CF Tickets or other events, Call Frontrow.com where our professional team can offer you the ultimate Valencia CF Tickets experience.
Front Row.com is for all of your other ticketing needs. Frontrow.com sells tickets to all concert tours nationwide. Not only do we sell Valencia CF tickets but we also buy Valencia CF tickets, NFL tickets, NCAA tickets, NHL tickets, NBA, MLB, all golf tickets, tennis, title fight tickets, concerts, family show tickets, and theater tickets including Broadway and Las Vegas shows. Call Frontrow.com today for Valencia CF Tickets ; and all of your entertainment needs! Frontrow.com strives to provide our patrons the utmost quality service and competitive pricing. If any event isn't listed; please phone us for any hard to find or special requests.
PURCHASING AND AVAILABILITY OF Valencia CF Tickets
Click the above link for Valencia CF info and front row tickets to events across the country and globe. You can buy tickets for Valencia CF on our web site by selecting your specific venue and time. When searching for Valencia CF tickets that are unavailable or sold-out from other sources, contact Frontrowcom, your source of front row tickets. If you don't see tickets on our frontrow web site or don't want to order online, don't hesitate to call us toll free at 800-881-ROW-1. We are ticket pro's and offer data about buying tickets, schedules and venue maps. Frontrow.com offers an vast inventory of theater, concert, sport event tickets with constant updates. At Frontrow.com; our goal is offering the largest selection of Valencia CF tickets on the secondary market. Use "Click Here" links to check future events, schedules and seating charts. Our Valencia CF inventory has up to the hour accuracy. However, if tickets you want are not available, please contact us and our staff will guide you through available options in the same or similar category to your original ticket choice.
Ticket delivery
All tickets are sent via Federal Express. Once you locate Valencia CF tickets you want to buy, they can be purchased online via our secure encrypted server. If you prefer more personal service, call us today and speak to any of our ticket brokers. Valencia CF tickets are usually sent within 6-24 hours. Your shipping address must match the billing address of your credit card. If you wish to ship to an alternate address; we require ID. Please contact one of our ticket experts to provide you with excellent service.
Ticket refund policy
All Valencia CF sales and all other event tickets are final.
Movie TV Tech Geeks News
Big Changes Helped Valencia CF
Movie TV Tech Geeks News
While last year it was the Rojiblancos turn to make the headlines and separate a title that was beginning to become quite dull, the last time the title went elsewhere it was to Valencia CF. Historically the third club of Spain, although Atletico fans may argue with ...
and more »
beIN SPORTS US Breaking News
PSV Agree Permament Andres Guardado Deal With Valencia
beIN SPORTS US Breaking News
Eredivisie leaders PSV have announced the permanent capture of Valencia midfielder Andres Guardado on a three-year contract. The Mexico international has spent this season on loan in the Netherlands after a similar spell at Bayer Leverkusen in the ...
and more »
Liveticker: Elche CF - Valencia CF
Jonathas (CF Elche) goes for goal but the shot is blocked by an alert defence. 82', 194796704, Nuno Espirito Santo is making the team's second substitution at Estadio Martínez Valero with Joao Cancelo replacing Sofiane Feghouli. 78', 194793192, CF Elche ...
Western Gazette
Somerset referee jetting to USA for international tournament involving Everton ...
Western Gazette
... the imposing 80,000-capacity Cotton Bowl - which is used for the opening ceremony and major matches, including all finals. Many of the world's top clubs, including Brazil's Coritiba FC and Corinthians, Everton (England), Valencia CF (Spain), CF Monterrey ...
Liveticker: Valencia CF - Deportivo La Coruna
Deportivo La Coruna push forward at Mestalla and Alex Bergantinos gets in a great header. The attempt is cleared by the CF Valencia defence. 74', 191342754, Celso Borges for Deportivo La Coruna gets in a strike but fails to hit the target. 74', 191342672 ...
and more »
Check out Frontrow.com for all your tickets needs. We've got great sources for any event ranging from concert tickets to World Series tickets, Book of Mormon tickets, and Las Vegas show tickets. And don't forget the chance to score big on Broadway tickets and once in a lifetime events like the National Final Rodeo, the 2016 Super Bowl or the Daytona 500. Our inventory covers all types of entertainment and special events. With the biggest selection of concerts, sports, and theater tickets around, you can't go wrong with tickets from Frontrow.com.


text:
Don't Be Sad, Jackie Chan's Facebook Statuses Will Make Everything Better Again
You need this.
You need this.
Matt Stopera 2 months ago 258 responses
"I've never met anyone so eager to give Beijing a rimjob." On Chinese social media, Jackie Chan is persona non grata.
Kevin Tang a year ago 37 responses
While Keanu looks out of place, this isn't anything new for Jackie.
Whitney Jefferson a year ago 62 responses
As we've discussed before, Jackie Chan's use of social media is constantly amusing. Here's why.
Whitney Jefferson 2 years ago 193 responses
Matt Stopera 2 years ago 61 responses
Starring Andy Lau (House of Flying Daggers), Nicholas Tse (Shaolin Soccer), and Jackie Chan, 'Shaolin' is set to hit limited theaters September 9th. Looks predictable, but awesome. (via trailers.apple.com) View Media ›
HollywoodHiccups.com 3 years ago 12 responses
What if the students at Hogwarts were wizard martial arts masters? (via themarysue.com) Watch Video ›
Ashley Baccam 3 years ago 43 responses
Jackie Chan is a real life Pokemon Master. Watch Video ›
Gusto.NYC 3 years ago 181 responses
This new Karate Kid remake is appropriately titled The Karate Kid and stars Jackie Chan and Jaden Smith (Will Smith's son). View Media ›
Matt Wilstein 5 years ago 74 responses
Last minute costume idea for adorable interracial friends. View Image ›
Lindsey 5 years ago 3 responses
Will Smith's son Jaden is going to star in a remake of 80s epic The Karate Kid. Read More ›
Amanda Dobbins 6 years ago respond

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Casual Neutral Boot
Crushin' in the Crowd Boot$59.99 $17.99Price: $59.99 $17.99 70% off!
The moment you stepped into the venue in these chocolate-brown boots by Report Footwear, you caught the eye of a fellow music enthusiast and shared a smile. The soft vegan faux suede and low heel of this ruched pair inspire you to dance closer, letting the reverberating sounds from the ...
Towns Good to Me Boot$64.99 $31.99Price: $64.99 $31.99 50% off!
Take advantage of a sunny Saturday and embark on a walking-tour adventure in these caramel boots! Explore new areas of town in this vegan-faux leather pair, which touts a buckle-adorned, knee-high silhouette that's as lovely as your own city.
Casual Dress Code Boot in Brown$64.99Price: $64.99
When styling yourself in comfy clothing, don't forget to please your feet, too - go for the faux-fur lining of these chocolate-brown boots! Featuring an antiqued-gold back zipper accented by red backing and matching metal studs, this pair carries you - and your dish to pass - with confidence to ...
Countryside Trek Boot$69.99 $48.99Price: $69.99 $48.99 30% off!
When packing for a dreamy getaway, these butterscotch-colored boots are at the top of your checklist! This vegan faux-leather pair flaunts folded accents that snap into place, a slight heel, and an irresistible combo of chic style and rustic charm.
Struttin' to See Here Boot$69.99 $34.99Price: $69.99 $34.99 50% off!
Put on a stylish show as you stroll along in these sassy black boots. Featuring a back zipper closure and a tall, lace-up silhouette - which folds down to reveal colorful plaid lining - this versatile, vegan faux-leather pair will turn heads!
In-House Designer Boot in Brown$64.99 $31.99Price: $64.99 $31.99 50% off!
Your list of upcoming projects gives you great glee, and crossing your feet in these brown boots, you excitedly evaluate todays to-dos! Sporting a vegan faux-suede front and a smooth back that provides stretch, this pair of hidden-wedges is a creative companion for your workload.
What May Come Bootie$79.99Price: $79.99
Whatever this cool fall day brings your way, youll take it on in these two-toned booties! A buckled cognac-brown strap winds around the black silhouette of this subtly mottled pair, which takes you from your morning cinnamon coffee to an evening pumpkin-themed cocktail, and everywhere in-between, in heartwarming style.


text:
Benjamin A. Machar | 17 March 2015
Jok Madut Jok | 17 March 2015
The recent leak of a draft report attributed to the African Union Commission of Inquiry for South Sudan (AUCISS) has coincided with the termination of the peace talks between the government and rebel forces under the auspices of the East African regional block, the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD).
Abraham A. Awolich | 1 March 2015
Nhial Tiitmamer; Abraham Awolich | 17 February 2015
This paper analyses whether sanctions can stop the war in South Sudan. Prior evidence shows that when sanctions in any forms are imposed, they do little in most cases to change the behaviors of the warring parties.
Juliana Bol | 31 January 2015
This analysis illustrates the Government of South Sudan's (GoSS) investment in basic services, especially health. It assesses planned government spending as a barometer of national priorities, focusing on the 2014-2015 fiscal year. The focus is on social accountability or justice—the need to ensure that South Sudanese have access to basic...
Jok Madut Jok | 31 January 2015
As South Sudanese leaders, IGAD mediators and the rest of the international community, meet in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to seek a political settlement for the on-going conflict, there is need for a reminder that a peace agreement that they might reach on the basis of power-sharing alone will most likely...
Augustino Ting Mayai; Jok Madut Jok | 27 January 2015
South Sudan broke apart and plunged into a violent confrontation in December 2013 following bitter disagreements within the top leadership of the ruling Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), splintering the party into several groupings. The conflict shockingly started merely 2 years after the country seceded from the Sudan, in 2011.
Augustino Ting Mayai | 13 January 2015
On 25th August 2014, Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), a East African regional block that has since taken on an essential role of mediating the South Sudanese warring groups, the Government of South Sudan (GoSS) and Sudan's People Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition (SPLA/M-IO), set out a negotiating instrument for resolving South...
Augustino Ting Mayai | 6 January 2015
Restoring peace in South Sudan remains tenuous, as the rival groups, the rebels and government, are increasingly becoming less committed to a peaceful resolution of the violence. Attempts by regional and international bodies to stamp out South Sudan's raging violence during the last year have proved futile.
Zacharia D. Akol | 7 December 2014
For eleven months now, the northeastern African regional bloc, the Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), has been leading the world's response to the crisis in South Sudan. In a move designed to supposedly ensure a comprehensive resolution of a violent conflict between South Sudan's warring parties, the Government of South...


text: An observer I love both wild natural places and fast cities. I love to travel and am currently working quite often in country areas, which allows me to make my house available to others. I read alot and there are lots of books, novels, art books, magazines etc... I also like to cook so the kitchen is reasonably well equipped. I live close to the city near the river and there are lots of places to walk both along the river (bush) or different urbanscapes ( Collingwood, Fitzroy and the city).


text:
Which one would live longer
I was wondering a hypothicial question on diet vs health care from birth to death. Guy A and Guy B
Say one guy/or girl from birth to death (Guy A) eats an AWFUL diet, basically nothing good for you,like fast food and junk food. and goes to the doctor dentist regularly all their life.
then another guy or girl from birth to death(Guy B) eat perfectly nothing bad whatsoever diet, raw fruits, veggies, nuts, lean meats, (Basically the kind of diet people ate in prehistory) gets lots of rest and excersise but NEVER sees a doctor,gets shots, or sees a dentist
Which one would live longer?
With the gums being a big, big way for an infection to enter into the bloodstream- then into the heart- I would think the one that does NOT go to the dentist will end up with fatal heart disease- not due to his genetic make-up, but because there was an unmonitored road for bacteria to enter.
The one who ate junk and DID go to the dentist- well- he just better hope he has great genetics!
it's still a statistical tossup, since you haven't factored environmental, genetic, or constitutional differences in.
I have teeth like granite, in a family with teeth like chalk- but my dentist says it has as much to do with the specific flora in my mouth as my enamel - I just don't support as many plaque-causing bacteria as some other folks. went 5 years without dental care, and came back to find that I needed a cleaning - not a deep scaling, just a cleaning.
True. I''ve asked my pca's and Danny says no doctor,as the doctor in his opinion just gives you stuff to fiix what has been wrought ( heart disease,cancer)
Matt says same as posters here , depends on factors, Nancy (co-worker) who's also a retired nurse, agrees with Matt.


text:
Thanksgiving cactus leans to left (and I'm not talking politics)
Or I guess it could just as easily be said to lean to the right.
Regardless, I was given a cutting from a very large Thanksgiving cactus. The stem is already woody and it stands about 7" tall with several arching branches. It was taken from one side of the original plant so it naturally has branches that mostly arch to one side, with a couple going straighter up. It has no balance whatsoever and I'm worried that both now and as it grows it will stress the trunk to have all the weight on one side.
I'm wondering if I can retrain any of those arches that point more upward to hang to the other side. If I hang light weights on them to lean them to the other side will that work? I know it works with bonsai, but I've not read anything on the internet about this much reshaping of a cactus. Because it's jointed at each leaf I'm concerned that it might eventually snap at one of those joints.
What are my options for getting this plant some balance? I tried to pot it with roots at an angle so the upward portion leaned in a way to even out the weight, but the plant has just settled in the soil back towards it's original placement.
Thanks for your help!
Is it making flowers/buds at this time?
Instead of creating a stress point with a weight, I might try to wedge something between the branches, to push some in the other direction.
Other ideas... You could rotate the pot so the slim side is getting the most light. You could put cuttings of your plant on the slim side, aiming in the other direction. Removing the lowest pieces on the side it's leaning toward would give the most immediate satisfaction from this. Or you could get more plants with ready roots and add them to the pot on the slim side. I like 3 'main chunks' in a hanging pot because, as you said, they tend to lean in 1 direction. 3 plants together:
It was budding when it was given to me and is now producing many healthy fine new leaves. I did pick off some of the buds to reduce the stress of being divided during flowering. The new leaves are plentiful and look great. I already have the spare side facing the sun in the hopes that some of the new growth will want to migrate that way.
Your suggestions are great, but I'm worried that adding more plants to the other side won't get rid of the trunk stress on my existing plant. It would look better, for sure, but each trunk would still be holding up a weight mainly on one side. You said you do this often. Does that mean you have many old woody stems with growth only to one side that don't mind it? That would be good news!
I didn't say anything about often, just that I like this particular pot the best of the TC's I have because the 3 plants fill the basket well. I think they look cool leaning out in 3 directions. None of these stems look old and woody yet. If in the future any look like they're getting heavy enough to break, I would remove some of the lowest foliage on the heavy side. When they are finished blooming (and it's warm enough,) I intend to do some serious trading, so these are in for some reductions even if they don't need it to prevent breaking.
I think there's still time to see some flowers if your plant is ready to make some, and allowed to do so. It's a long wait until this time next year.
The growth won't really migrate. I would keep the sparse side to the window. The plant will eventually put up new shoots from the stem and they will go in that direction. A faster option is in a few months, make some more cuttings from it and stick them in the pot on that side-- and they will grow toward the light.
Sorry but I just don't think this matters.
Should it grow lopsided in nature, I'd guess it'll just drop the branches that get too heavy. I guess I don't believe in trunk stress.
I have sometimes propped up a branch or division w/a big rock wedged into the mix to shift it or hold it in place.
Sounds like the general opinion is that it is unlikely to create any trunk stress, which is good news.
Here's a picture. I'll also post a picture of the new leaf buds, too, which I think are looking pretty good after its division and repotting.
I tried this last time repotting the trunk upwards, but it just settled to the side again, though not quite as much to the side as the roots indicated. I probably shouldn't call if "repotting" since it's the first pot since I received the division. If I repot it again in Spring I'll put it in a smaller pot as I just learned that they prefer to be root bound. It will be long while before it's root bound in its current pot!
I tried to root a Christmas cactus before but it just rotted, so please give me some confidence! Do I need rooting hormone? Perhaps last time I used too much water. I'm always nervous about things drying out when rooting and do better with the easy things that you just plop in a glass of water to get roots. Do I just put it in the soil and keep it the same dampness as the general mother plant?
Thanks again for the replies!
Oh, that's not nearly as extreme as I pictured-- light will fix that when you put the bare side to the window. It looks like something is already emerging.
As far as rooting, no hormone is needed. At home, we always rooted in plain water. But it could have been that your soil was too heavy and wet and bacterial or fungal issues set in. Your TG wants to dry out between waterings a bit, and I've found cuttings just like the same treatment. I'd also experiment with one that has fresh air roots if you can find a piece.
It sounds like you've received good advice on your lean. However, if you really want the plant to thrive, you'll want to consider a bark based mix. Lots of discussion here and on the Cacti and Succulents forum. Also, somewhere in all those posts is a discussion on the desirability of a woody plant like yours. It was grown bonsai style. :-)
I think that's a fantastic looking plant! PG's idea of gently wedging a rock against the base would probably be all it needs to be upright. I probably wouldn't take many cuttings from that now since hopefully it will make some flower buds soon. Since it's not yet, I wonder if it's in a room where you have bright lights on after sunset?
"...prefer to be root bound."
No plant prefers that. What is happening is root rot in pots of stuff that has no air pockets in it, and takes forever to dry out. As long as one has a chunky, porous, airy mix, and doesn't constantly pour water in there (or allow it to sit in a drip saucer,) the pot size is irrelevant. It can take some doing to figure out what kind of soil goes well with the kind of plant person you are. It sounds like you love to water them often?
"Do I need rooting hormone?"
I agree with J, no hormone needed. In the case of wanting a more full pot like this, I would stick any cuttings in the pot with the mama plant, aimed in the other direction slightly. Just use a knife to make a slit & slip the end that was attached to the mama plant in there, doesn't seem to matter how far, as long as at least most of the lowest section is under the surface.
"Perhaps last time I used too much water."
Probably. A *succulent* cutting with no roots can't absorb water, it can only rot. When taking the cuttings, let them sit in the air overnight for the cut part to heal/seal. This should prevent fungus/bacteria from being able to 'get in,' prevents further loss of moisture, and definitely notifies that piece of plant that it needs to grow some roots "in search of moisture, not because it is adjacently present."
When placed within the roots of an already-growing plant, I have much better luck with propagating (outside of the realm of the glass of water you mentioned, which does work well for many non-succulent, leafy plants.) The mama plant prevents the soil from staying too moist around the cutting even while watering as usual. This is the only way I've had luck with Begonia cuttings in particular. I can't NOT hover over a pot with nothing but cuttings either. That usually results in loving them to death as you described. I successfully forget about those tucked under mama plants and haven't had any TC cuttings fail this way, in pots with other TC's and completely different plants that 'need' something leaning out at the bottom in my strange plan to make every pot a mini tropical jungle.
Knowing whether cuttings require drying (callousing) and which should go immediately in water/moist soil is the 1st step to success, glad you asked.
The one pot of TC cuttings I tried without any existing-roots plants in the pot was this one. Having seen pics of people doing them this way, and knowing how I hover over a pot of cuttings, I chose to lay them mostly flat on the surface. This worked well & is a blooming plant around here somewhere. I lost track of which was...
such great info. Impressive that you got such great roots on plants just lying on the surface. On my lopsided friend there is one larger lower branch and I've decided it is an ideal candidate for rooting on the other side of the cactus this spring. I feel much better about trying to root it with all the good advice here! Thank you very much.
such great info. Impressive that you got such great roots on plants just lying on the surface. On my lopsided friend there is one larger lower branch and I've decided it is an ideal candidate for rooting on the other side of the cactus this spring. I feel much better about trying to root it with all the good advice here! Thank you very much.
" Impressive that you got such great roots on plants just lying on the surface." TY for saying so, but those pieces did that on their own because I managed to leave them alone, mostly. These plants can even make roots in the air while still attached (as many succulents do, part of their charm.) Pic from January.
What?! TOO COOL! I'm going to watch for that in mine and try to take advantage of it. Were they kept humid, as in should I mist mine more?
Opp girl, you're pretty doggone awesome with house plants. Woo hoo!
P.S. I must ask, you apparently love purple. Does it have anything to do with the college you went to?
Leans left and right. Maybe it's my Libertarian cactus?
Ooo. I know. It's my Lobbyist cactus. Doesn't care the side to which it leans as long as it gets what it wants (sun, water, love, a companion on the other side of the pot…). If only that was all the other lobbyists wanted, too.
Glad you liked the pics, and thanks for the kind compliments. There are definitely much more awesome plants out there, I'm just trying to follow the great examples of folks around here (and on C/S forum.) Thanks to their great enabling so I would first want the plants, then guidance to keep them doing well, I'm extremely happy with the results this bloom-season too. So thanks to all of those folks again!
AFAIK, that's just what they do (make aerial roots.) I'm sure others will weigh in about if it happens on their plants or not. For cuttings, I've seen hundreds of pics like that, so I know that part's nothing unusual. That's why 'they' recommend to lay they flat on the surface so they don't rot before they can make the roots. (And watching them form is way cool, so why not?!) It's pretty common for propagating succulents. If you think that's cool, you should see what some Kalanchoe leaves do - making babies on the edges, either while still attached to the mama, or after it's cut off, or both.
"Were they kept humid"
I don't know what the humidity is in here, but more humid than when using central heat system. My hair doesn't usually get static.
"should I mist mine more?"
I never mist any plants. To increase humidity through this, you need a genuine atomizer, and to sit there squeezing the ball-trigger every minute or so, all day.
"you apparently love purple. Does it have anything to do with the college you went to?" I do, and no, I've always felt that way. The 1st purple outfit I remember, I was 4, it was velvet - LOL!
I never bother to mist anything since like Purple says, you'd need to sit there all day to make a difference.
So it's not in this TC thread, but in another one I guess I mentioned using the aerial roots to help reroot the plant lol. I thought it was this one, but I just looked back and didn't see it. So yes, mine do it too-- it is just what they do :)


text:
We are in this together, you and me. Us. We have a special bond because we are interested in connecting to our higher selves and fulfilling our purpose. Growth. Change. It's challenging but we're not afraid to get our hands dirty by doing the necessary work. We see the divine in the ordinary, like in that brief pause before we draw in a deep breath. We are inexhaustible optimists, not because life hasn't reared its ugly head, but because we choose to not be calloused by it.
You and I, we feel very humbled when we stand next to the ocean.
Wondering where to go next? Hop on over to my blog and see what piques your interest.


text:
TagsView all tags
About unapproved sentences
You may see some sentences in red. These sentences are not approved by Tatoeba's community. They raise copyright issues or are otherwise problematic. If you are a contributor, please avoid translating them.
- date unknown
Some consider language as a form of knowledge.
- date unknown
linked to #174723
- brauliobezerra
- Apr 10th 2010, 22:01
linked to #378159
- marcelostockle
- Nov 21st 2011, 02:08
linked to #1251945
Report mistakes
Do not hesitate to post a comment if you see a mistake!
NOTE: If the sentence does not belong to anyone and you know how to correct the mistake, feel free to correct it without posting any comment. You will have to adopt the sentence before you can edit it.
Sentence #239745
▼ Show 4 more translations


text:
The present invention relates to pedicle implements, in particular pedicle implants that involve screws. The present invention includes a handle, a pointy tip, a shaft, a cannula located therethrough and mini protrusions used to prevent toggling. The crux of the present invention is the ability of the user to create an accurate pilot hole via the pointy tip. In addition, the present invention allows the user the ability to insert a pedicle probe through the cannula out through the pointy tip. This allows the user to perform the cannulation portion of the procedure without the use of any thrombatic agents.
1. A hemostatic pedicle punch for establishing a hole in a vertebra pedicle when deployed thereon during pedicle screw insertion processes, said hemostatic punch comprising:
a shaft, said shaft having a length formed by a proximal end and a distal end; said shaft flaring outwardly between said proximal end and said distal end to form an annular lip at said distal end;
a truncated spike, said truncated spike projecting from said distal end of said shaft;
said hemostatic pedicle punch being formed of a radiation translucent material except for a radiation opaque center core, said radiation opaque center core running longitudinally along at least part of said length of said pedicle punch, beginning from said proximal end
an orifice running through said hemostatic pedicle punch, said orifice beginning at said proximal end of said shaft and running through said central core to said truncated spike;
two or more mini-protrusions protruding from said distal end and terminating in a sharp point, said two or more mini-protrusions working in combination with said lip to stabilize said pedicle punch to provide hemostatic penetration of said pedicle; and
a cannula, said cannula comprising a plastic tube, said tube having an inner surface and an outer surface, and first and second ends adapted to receive and transport a pedicle probe; said cannula being disposed in said orifice of said pedicle punch until said second end contacts said truncated spike; said cannula second end comprising a truncated conical shape for punching through said pedicle.
2. The hemostatic pedicle punch according to
3. The hemostatic pedicle punch according to
4. The hemostatic pedicle punch according to
5. The hemostatic pedicle punch according to
6. The hemostatic pedicle punch according to
7. The pedicle punch according to
8. The pedicle punch according to
9. The pedicle punch according to
10. The pedicle punch according to
11. A method for hemostatically creating a posterior cortical breach, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) accurately mapping the perimeter of the a vertebrae pedicle and the axis thereof;
(b) placing a pedicle punch on said mapped pedicle, said pedicle punch comprising a pedicle punch according to
(c) moving and positioning said pedicle punch until said radiation opaque center core appears as a central dot upon application of imaging technology, and wherein said central dot is aligned with said axis of said mapped pedicle;
(d) deploying said pedicle punch into said mapped vertebrae pedicle using an appropriate force to form a cylindrical breach having a diameter wide enough to accommodate the instrumentation of a pedicle screw insertion process, and said cylindrical breach having a trajectory path vector that is as closely aligned to said mapped pedicle axis as possible
(e) insertion of a pedicle probe into said breached pedicle through said cannula of said hemostatic pedicle punch to examine said breached pedicle; said annular lip of said pedicle punch contacting said perimeter of said pedicle to seal said breach and prevent bleeding therefrom until subsequent removal of said pedicle punch; said two or more mini-protrusions of said pedicle punch and said annular lip serving to prevent toggling of said pedicle punch to thereby maintain said sealing of said breach.
12. The method for hemostatically creating a posterior cortical breach according to
13. A hemostatic pedicle punch for creating a hole in vertebra pedicles to accommodate pedicle screw placement required for spinal instrumentation installation processes, said hemostatic pedicle punch comprising: a cylindrical shaft, said shaft having a length defined by a first end and a second end, said cylindrical shape being defined by a generally constant diameter about an axis; said shaft flaring outwardly at a position between said first end and said second end to form a cylindrical base shaft region at said first end and having a base shaft diameter greater than said shaft diameter, said first end of said base shaft comprising a generally flat surface, said generally flat surface being orthogonal to said cylinder axis; a central protrusion protruding from said generally flat surface at said first end, said central protrusion beginning at said first end of said shaft as a cylindrical protrusion with a diameter less than said shaft diameter, and being generally concentric to said axis of said shaft, said cylindrical protrusion transitioning abruptly into a conical frustum, said conical frustum terminating in a planar end surface; said central protrusion having a length defined by a distance between said planar end surface of said frustum and said fiat surface of said first end of said base shaft; an orifice through said pedicle punch, said orifice having an axis approximately concentric with said shaft axis, said orifice beginning at said second end of said shaft and through said pedicle punch to said planar end surface of said frustum of said central protrusion; two or more peripheral protrusions, said two or more peripheral protrusions protruding orthogonally from said generally fiat surface at said first end; each of said two or more protrusions beginning at said first end of said shaft as a cylindrical protrusion and transitioning abruptly into a conical shape that terminates in a sharp point; each of said two or more peripheral protrusions being located equidistant from respective peripheral protrusions and with each having an axis beginning on said generally flat surface and at the same radial distance from said shaft axis; each of said peripheral protrusions having a common length defined by a distance between said sharp point of said conical shape and said flat surface of said first end of said base shaft, and also having a diameter being less than said diameter of said central protrusion; said length of said two or more peripheral protrusions being less than said length of said central protrusion but permitting shallow depth pedicle penetration to serve in combination with said base shaft to prevent toggling of said pedicle punch and permit hemostatic pedicle penetration by said central protrusion; said pedicle punch being a composite part formed of two materials with each having distinct properties, a first of said two materials being a radiation translucent material with suitable properties to withstanding impact during punching, and a second material being radiation opaque; said pedicle punch being formed generally of said radiation translucent material but for a cylindrical core being formed of said radiation opaque material, said cylindrical core having an axis concentric with said shaft axis, said cylindrical core comprising at least a portion of said pedicle punch between said second end and said planar end surface of said central protrusion; a cannula, said cannula comprising a tube having a cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface, said cylindrical outer surface transitioning into a conical frustum with a base surface protruding outward from said cylindrical outer surface, and an annular end surface; said cannula being fixedly disposed within said orifice of said pedicle punch with said base of said cannula frustum contacting said planar end surface of said conical frustum of said central protrusion.
14. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
15. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
16. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
17. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
18. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
19. A hemostatic pedicle punch according to
20. A method of efficient vertebrae pedicle screw placement required for installation of instrumentation in spinal implant procedures, wherein said efficient method minimizes administration of thrombotic agents to reduce bleeding and said efficient method reduces installation time to thereby reduce surgical team exposure to radiation, said method comprising:
(a) using an image generating apparatus to accurately map a pedicle perimeter and a center point corresponding to said pedicle's axis, said image generating apparatus comprising a form of radiation emission;
(b) placing a hemostatic pedicle punch on said mapped vertebrae pedicle, said hemostatic pedicle punch comprising a pedicle punch according to
(c) moving and positioning said hemostatic pedicle punch according to its image on said image generating apparatus until said axis of said pedicle punch has a trajectory path vector being as closely aligned with said axis of said vertebrae pedicle as possible, said close alignment being shown by said dot being concentric to said central point, and by said plurality of radiation opaque protrusions forming said bulls-eye to be concentric to said pedicle central point;
(d) deploying said pedicle punch into said mapped vertebrae pedicle using an appropriate force, said force causing said generally flat surface of said shaft of said pedicle punch to be in direct contact with said mapped pedicle to effectively seal a cortical breach thereby created by said conical frustum of said cannula of said hemostatic pedicle punch, said sealing of said breach thereby imparting a hemostatic characteristic to said pedicle punch; said plurality of radiation opaque protrusions achieving shallow depth pedicle penetration and in combination with said base shaft serving to prevent toggling of said pedicle punch and maintain said sealing of said breach;
(e) confirming proper placement of said hemostatic pedicle punch with said image generating apparatus;
(f) insertion of a pedicle probe into said mapped pedicle through said cannula of said hemostatic pedicle punch to examine said mapped pedicle;
(g) identification of a next pedicle requiring screw placement and performing said method according to steps (a) through (f) on said next pedicle until all of pedicle levels to be instrumented have one of said hemostatic pedicle punches installed therein;
(h) removal of each of said hemostatic pedicle punches one by one by a surgeon, and use of said pedicle breach for a next step in said pedicle screw insertion process for said spinal implant.
21. A method of efficient vertebrae pedicle screw placement according to
22. A method of efficient vertebrae pedicle screw placement according to
The present application is a continuation-in-part of previously filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/156,100 filed Jun. 18, 2205, all disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to an improved pedicle punch, in particular a pedicle punch that facilitates in the cannulation process during vertebral column surgery.
Pedicle screw instrumentation is common in the lumbar spine and is gaining acceptance in the thoracic spine. The use of pedicle screw instrumentation in the spine has evolved over the last two decades. The initial use of pedicle screws began in the lumbar spine. As surgeons have become more comfortable with the complex anatomy required for accurate screw placement, the use of pedicle instrumentation has evolved to include their use in the thoracolumbar and thoracic spine. The impetus behind their increased use is a result of the many advantages that pedicle screw anchorage offers over traditional hook and rod constructs. Improved deformity correction and overall construct rigidity are two important advantages of pedicle screw instrumentation due its three-column control over the spinal elements. First, pedicle screw instrumentation obviates the need to place instrumentation within the spinal canal with its inherent risk of neurologic injury. Second, the placement of pedicle screws is independent of facet or laminar integrity and thus has been extremely useful in traumatic, neoplastic, and degenerative conditions. The benefit of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine has been tempered by the potential for catastrophic neurological or soft tissue injuries due to the close proximity of these structures. The narrow and inconsistent shape of the thoracic pedicles, especially in spinal deformity, makes their placement technically challenging. As a result, surgeons have employed a number of techniques to ensure the safe and efficacious placement of thoracic pedicle screws. Detailed anatomic landmarks used to determine pedicle location, intraoperative imaging including navigation, and neurophysiological monitoring are some of the techniques currently used by surgeons. The implementation of these techniques and a thorough understanding of the complex three-dimensional anatomy have allowed surgeons to successfully place thoracic and thoracolumbar pedicle screws.
Generally speaking, procedures for navigating the pedicle comprise the following steps: (1) decorticating the entry site using a burr and a high speed drill or a rongeur; (2) using an awl or a burr to penetrate the dorsal cortex of the pedicle and create a starter or pilot hole into the pedicle; (3) using a curved or straight pedicle probe to develop a path for the screw through the cancellous bone of the pedicle into the vertebral body (the process hereinafter referred to as �cannulation�). The advancement of the probe must be smooth and consistent and a sudden plunge suggests breaking out of the pedicle laterally. Furthermore, an increase in resistance indicates abutment against the pedicle or the vertebral body; (4) after cannulation, placing the pedicle sounding probe into the pedicle and then palpating the pedicle from within to make sure there is not a medial, lateral, rostral or caudal disruption in the cortex of the pedicle. Sound should also be used to determine that there is bone at the bottom of the pilot hole verifying that penetration of the ventral cortex of the vertebral body has not occurred; (5) after the pedicles have been probed, placing Steinman pins or K-wires bilaterally or unilaterally into the pedicles to confirm the trajectory and entry site, tapping the pedicle screw path if non-self tapping screws are used, and placing the permanent screws with the longest diameter that will not fracture the pedicle. The length of the screw can be determined by measuring the length of the Steinman pin/Kwire/pedicle probe from the pedicle entry site to a depth of 50-80% of the vertebral body; and (6) after pedicle screw placement, decorticating the transverse process and the lateral aspects of the facet joints, connecting the screw to a longitudinal construct, usually a rod or a plate, securing the screws, and placing bone graft on the previously fusion bed. During the entire process the advancement of the probe, the placement of the K-wires, and the ultimate advancement of the pedicle screws is monitored continuously via X-ray exposure or fluoroscopy. The present invention, as mentioned above, relates to cannulation during the pedicle screw procedure. One will now discuss in more detail the present invention, in particular, a pedicle punch that facilitates cannulation during pedicle screw implants.
In general a cannula is a flexible tube, which when inserted into the body may be used to withdraw fluid, insert medication or as in the present invention allow Lenke gearshifts, endoscopic probes, and the like to be inserted into the pedicle. Cannulae normally come with a trocar (a sharp pointed needle) attached which allows puncture of the body to get into the intended space.
Before the cannulation process begins, a posterior cortical breach first must be established on the pedicle, usually via any of the different methods as discussed in applicant's previous filed patent application, such as the burring method, the burning method or the punch method. A number of surgical instruments have been implemented to successfully cannulate thoracic pedicles. The two most common instruments include a gearshift device probe and a cervical curette. Another device that has been implemented with pedicle cannulation is Safe Path, a blunt-tipped, nonaggressive drill that seeks the cancellous portion of the pedicle. The pedicle punch of the present invention may be used with any of the aforementioned devices.
One will now discuss the utility of the present invention, for illustrative purposes one will discuss the present invention when used with a Lenke gearshift. A curved Lenke gearshift or a straight curette (3-0 cervical) may be used to probe or mature the intended screw path within the pedicle. The gearshift may be inserted via the cannula of the present invention. Once the neurocentral junction of the pedicle is reached (typically at a depth of 20 mm) the gearshift is removed and reinserted with the curved tip facing away from the surgeon. Positioning the pedicle probe tip medially assists in guiding the probe medially within the vertebral body. Next, the pedicle tract is palpated with a ball-tipped probe to verify the presence of a bony floor and an intact four-wall boundary. If a violation of bony integrity is noted at this point, redirecting the gearshift may be necessary in order to assure safe screw placement. The pedicle path is then tapped (preferably undertapped by 0.5-1.0 mm compared to the diameter of the selected screw) and the tract is repalpated with the ball-tipped probe to detect for any bony breaches. The pedicle screw is now inserted. Following screw insertion, intraoperative imaging is then performed to verify acceptable screw positioning. Triggered EMG testing may be used to evaluate for proper lower thoracic screw placement (T8-T12), while motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring assists in monitoring spinal cord function for all thoracic levels instrumented. Once all screws are placed and the applicable screws have been tested via triggered EMG the rod can be docked to complete the construct.
Even though most pedicle implant procedures are successful there is need for improvement. That is, after a posterior cortical breach is established, via the burring method or the burning method, the surgeon would first have to arrest the bleeding associated with these pedicle screw implant methods, before inserting one of the aforementioned probes.
Another drawback of the pedicle screw implant procedure is that the patient, surgeon, and medical staff are exposed to deleterious amounts of radiation, more specifically those deleterious amounts of radiation associated with fluoroscopy during the pedicle screw implant procedure. One way surgeons can protect themselves is with eyewear, thyroid shields, and lead aprons. However, studies with cadavers have shown that the surgeon's hands are still at a high risk of radiation exposure. In one study average fluoroscopy exposure time was 9.3 s per screw. and the average hand dose rate was 58.2 mrem/min. The internationally recommended maximum limit for annual hand radiation exposure is 50,000 mrem. In the same study a significant increase in hand dose rate was noted when placement of the screw was on the same side of the beam source as well as when a heavier cadaver was imaged.
Thoracic and thoracolumbar pedicle screw instrumentation is proving to be a safe and reliable method of obtaining rigid segmental fixation of the thoracic spine. A thorough understanding of the complex 3D spinal anatomy is required to safely place this type of instrumentation. The biomechanical benefits that are derived from using pedicle screw instrumentation in all forms of spinal pathology are the driving force behind more and more surgeons incorporating thoracic and thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement into their practices. Surgeons however, must be well versed in the placement of complex spinal instrumentation in order to accurately and safely use this method of instrumentation in all types of spinal disorders. The present invention, because of its unique design aids surgeons in the pedicle cannulation step via a pedicle punch that incorporates a cannula.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures, which is cost effective to produce and easy to manufacture.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for spinal implant procedures that is easy to use.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures wherein the penetration of the pedicle with a probe and subsequent insertion of the pedicle screw is accomplished quickly, accurately, flawlessly and without breaking out of the pedicle path.
It is an even further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures that will significantly reduce the exposure of both the surgical team and the patient to radiation exposure and more particularly to fluoroscopic radiation exposure.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures in which the starter hole or pilot hole has a trajectory path whose vector is in complete alignment with the pedicle axis right from the very beginning of the pedicle penetration process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus that allows the surgeon to know the exact starting point of the pedicle, without any guessing, and create such starting point without burring.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures which allows two surgeons to conduct the instrumentation on the patient's spine at the same time, thereby dramatically reducing the time normally associated therewith.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for use in spinal implant procedures which allows the surgeon to create a posterior cortical breach on the pedicle and insert a pedicle probe in one step.
In the present invention the pedicle punch includes a cannula, which allows the surgeon to probe the pedicle without removing the pedicle punch.
The pedicle punch of the present invention is designed to be easily located against a vertebra pedicle in a proper position. The pedicle punch is designed to be readily positioned in complete alignment with the centrally located pedicle axis of the vertebra pedicle through minimal use of imaging technology. Once properly positioned the punch may be deployed into the vertebrae pedicle quickly and effectively to create a pilot hole having (i) a diameter wide enough to accommodate instrumentation, for example, a probe or the like. In addition, the punch provides a trajectory path vector that is totally aligned with the pedicle axis of the vertebrae pedicle.
The pedicle punch is preferably formed from at least two different materials. The first is a radiation translucent material and the second, a radiation opaque material. The pedicle punch comprises, in general, a proximal end, a distal end, a composite shaft, joining the two ends. The proximal end can have any shape that is ergonomically designed to provide a driving surface for the pedicle punch. The proximal end provides a driving surface for forcing the pedicle punch into the vertebrae pedicle. This surface must be made of a material that will not shear or break, causing a portion of the punch to become separate from the remainder of the punch. Separation of a portion of the pedicle during treatment could contaminate the site where the treatment is occurring, causing infection, a puncture, etc. The composite shaft is attached to and projects from the proximal end and terminates to a sharp conical spike or pointy tip. The composite shaft has a radiation opaque central core running transversely though it's entire length and a radiation translucent outer covering or layer surrounding at least a portion of the central core. The radiation opaque center core extends beyond the radiation translucent outer layer to form the bottom section having a sharp point or pointy tip of the shaft. The outer coating or cover may have an outwardly protruding lip that is located on the composite shaft adjacent to the sharp conical spike or pointy tip, right on the widest diameter thereof and preferably concentric thereto.
In addition, the pedicle punch of the present invention includes a cannula, preferably centrally located, which allows a pedicle probe to be inserted to facilitate cannulation. The addition of the cannula in the present invention improves on the relevant and material prior art. For example, the unique design of the pedicle punch allows the surgeon to leave it attached to the pedicle being operated on, which allows the surgeon to insert the pedicle probe into the pedicle without the need for any thrombotic agents, because the lip of the pedicle punch prevents blood flow out of the pilot hole. Whereas in the prior art the burring of starting or pilot holes can cause significant bleeding thereby requiring the administration of thrombotic agents to stop the blood flow before the insertion of the probe. In addition, since the pedicle punch of the present invention is not removed the surgeons can use it as a guide, thus reducing exposure of the surgeon's hands to the harmful trace amounts of radiation.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
Referring more specifically to the drawings,
Once deployed into the pedicle, pedicle punch 10 remains in position on the vertebrae pedicle until such time as the surgeons remove it to proceed to the next instrumentation step in the pedicle screw insertion process. When removed, the pedicle punch 10 leaves behind, on the vertebrae pedicle, a starter hole, also known as a pilot hole (hereinafter �a pilot hole�) 90, as seen in
The pedicle punch 10 is formed of both radiation translucent and radiation dense material. The radiation translucent material could be any material that allows the radiation of imaging technology used during the pedicle screw insertion processes, to pass right though the material so that the material is not reflected on the viewing screen. Preferred radiation translucent materials include glass, ceramic and plastic materials that will not shatter when subjected to a driving force from e.g., a hammer, punch, etc. Furthermore, the radiation translucent material must also be very strong so that it can sustain the forces used on it during the deployment of the pedicle punch 10 into the vertebrae pedicle without cracking, shearing, splintering, etc. In the preferred embodiment of the pedicle punch 10 the radiation translucent material used is a plastic material such as polyester or nylon based material or blends thereof. Suitable plastic materials include polyester methyl ketone (PMK), Kevlar, polycarbonate, glass filled nylon and polypropylene. The material should be chosen not only for its ability to allow radiation through and its strength, but also for the low manufacturing costs associated therewith. The overall length of the pedicle punch 10 will be commensurate with the application.
Referring once again to
During use and deployment, the pedicle punch 10 will be held by its head 20 or along the shaft or body 30. Thus, the head 20 can be bulbous or any disk shaped, or knob shaped, mushroom shaped etc. or any shape for that matter that provides a head for receiving a driving means that forces the pedicle punch into the pedicle. Preferably, the shape is ergonomically designed to act as the handle of the pedicle punch 10. The head 20 may have a waist 20 a, which may be defined by proximal side 22 and a distal side 24 where the proximal side can have a different cross section than the composite shaft 30.
In the embodiment shown in
It is the radiation dense or radiation opaque center core 60 that allows the pedicle punch 10 to be placed concentrically with the vertebrae pedicle and in perfect alignment with the pedicle axis, and to ultimately create a pilot hole on the vertebrae pedicle that also has a trajectory path vector in direct alignment with the pedicle axis. This alignment can be assisted by the presence of additional radiation dense pins that form a bull's eyed configuration when seen under radiation. These pins 56 extend from the distal end of the punch as shown in
In the preferred embodiment, metal is used to form the radiation opaque or radiation dense center core 60. Metal imparts great strength to the bottom end of the sharp conical spike or pointy tip 32 of the distal end 40 of the pedicle punch 10 and to the entire composite shaft 30. Such strength renders the pedicle punch 10 capable of not only creating the pilot hole, as defined above, when deployed on the vertebrae pedicle, but of also sustaining the forces necessary to create the pilot hole without chipping, disintegrating, or otherwise compromising the integrity of the pedicle punch 10. Any metal that is radiation opaque can be used for the dense center core 60. A preferred metal is one having a Durometer hardness of 40 and up. The metal is preferably a casehardened metal. One preferred radiation opaque material is stainless steel. By the term radiation opaque and radiation translucent is meant a material when used in the core 60 will give a radiation fingerprint different from the material used in the cover or coating, so that the location where the sharp tip of the pedicle punch is can be ascertained under radiation.
The specifications for the diameter of the entire sharp conical spike or pointy tip 32 comprising partly radiation translucent and partly radiation opaque material, from its widest point and tapering distally to form the pointy tip, will range so that when the pedicle punch 10 is deployed in the pedicle and thereafter removed therefrom, it leaves behind a pilot hole having dimension of 3-4 mm. Obviously, if a larger pilot hole is desired then the diameter will be changed analogously. However, the smallest diameter at the most distal pointy tip end should preferably be no greater than about 0.25 mm, for maximum penetrating power.
The outwardly protruding base 50 is located on the shaft 30, adjacent to the sharp conical spike or pointy tip 32, and where the widest diameter of the sharp conical spike or pointy tip 32 begins, and concentric thereto. It has a proximal side 52 and a distal side 54. The distal side 54 of the outwardly protruding lip 50 is provided with at least three teeth, knobs or mini protrusions 56 to prevent toggling of the pedicle punch 10, once it is deployed in the vertebrae pedicle.
The pins that surround the center core are secured to the outer layer by any suitable means. Preferably, the pins are embedded in the outer layer so that they will not break off during use. The purpose of the pins is to provide a �bull's eye� or �cross hairs� arrangement of the sharp tip at the center so that when radiation is applied, the site where the pedicle punch is inserted is illuminated to facilitate insertion in the proper position, as well as aid in determining whether the pedicle is in the proper position. The pins also help to secure the pin in position after the punch has been inserted into the pedicle. Although four pins are depicted in the Figure, it will be appreciated that two or more pins, preferably three or more pins, will accomplish the desired bull's eye arrangement. In another embodiment, the pins may be replaced with a raised ring of a radiation opaque material. This raised ring forms the outer ring of the bull's eye and preferably has a sharpened outer surface.
The pedicle punch of the present invention may be formed by any suitable means. One method is by extruding the outer covering about the center core 60. Another method of forming the punch is by a casting method such as die casting.
Turning one's attention to
The thickness of the outwardly protruding base 50 is not critical so long as it does not interfere with the proper location of the pedicle punch. However, it can generally range anywhere from 1-2 mm in thickness. Once the pedicle punch is deployed into the pedicle, the outwardly protruding base 50 comes in direct contact with the pedicle and effectively seals any wound that is created by the pedicle punch as it is being deployed thereby imparting a hemostatic characteristic to the pedicle punch 10, as well. Consequently, the presence of the outwardly protruding base 50 in combination with the fact that the punch is left in the wound, minimizes bleeding tremendously and eliminates the use of thrombotic agents to stop the blood flow. Since excessive bleeding is no longer a critical problem, the present process might be expanded to be used with patients normally not recommended for spinal fusion surgery due to their inability to properly clot.
The method for using the inventive pedicle punch 10 described above, comprises the following steps: (a) using an image generating apparatus, such a fluoroscope, to accurately map the pedicle and the axis thereof. The pedicle will be depicted as a circle on the apparatus screen, with the center point of the circle corresponding to the central axis of the pedicle; (b) placing the pedicle punch 10 on the vertebrae pedicle just mapped; c) manipulating, moving and positioning the pedicle punch 10 until such time that the radiation translucent central core 60, which will appear as a solid dot on the screen of the image generating apparatus, is located right in the center of the circle corresponding to the pedicle just mapped, concentric to and in complete alignment with the mapped pedicle axis to form a bull's eye (the solid center core 60 dot in the center and the pedicle circle concentrically aligned around said dot); (d) once the bull's eye is achieved on the screen of the image generating apparatus, deploying the pedicle punch 10 into the mapped vertebrae pedicle using an appropriate force generating tool such as a surgical mallet; and (e) confirming the exact placement of the pedicle punch with the image making instrument and leaving the pedicle punch in place until needed to be removed. The surgeon is now ready for identification of the next pedicle and its axis and the steps are repeated until all of the pedicle punches are placed at all levels to be instrumented. Upon completion of the placement of the pedicle punches, the surgeon is ready to remove the pedicle punches one by one, and for each perfect pilot hole left behind on the vertebrae pedicle by the pedicle punch, to proceed to the next step of instrumentation in the pedicle screw insertion process.
In an alternate embodiment of the inventive pedicle punch described above, head 20 is provided with a groove for the purpose of providing the surgeon with a better grip on the pedicle punch 10.
In yet another embodiment of the invention described herein above, either the outer perimeter of head 20 or the outer perimeter of the outwardly protruding base 50 is further provided with an opaque material, such that when the central core 60 is �bull's eyed� with the pedicle, the bull's eye comprises a center dot and two outwardly extending concentric circles, as opposed to one circle concentric to the center dot, as described hereinabove.
It is clear then from all of the above, that incorporating the pedicle punch 10 and the method of use thereof into spinal implant procedures and more particular into pedicle screw insertion processes accomplishes all of the invention's objectives as set forth hereinabove. It leads to the penetration of the pedicle with a probe and subsequent insertion of the pedicle screw quickly, accurately, flawlessly and without breaking out of the pedicle path. Its ease of use significantly decreases the surgeons' learning curve, in that it allows the surgeon to know the exact starting point of the pedicle, without any guessing. It practically eliminates dural or neural injury. It dramatically reduces the time normally associated with such procedures not only because it reduces the steps necessary for the creation of the perfect pilot hole, but because it can accommodate two surgeons working at the same time on one patient. Its minimum use of image making instruments and the speed at which the pedicle axis can be mapped and �bull's eyed�, dramatically reduces the exposure of both the surgical team and the patient to radiation exposure and more particularly to fluoroscopic radiation exposure.
Its significant reduction of bleeding, partly because the burring of pilot holes is completely eliminated, thereby also eliminating the creation of pilot holes due to mistaken identification of pedicle axes, partly because the pedicle punch is left in the pilot holes until such time as the surgeons are ready, and partly because of the hemostatic effect of the pedicle punch due to its protruding lip, the inventive pedicle punch minimizes the administration of thrombotic agents during the pedicle insertion process. Finally, it unequivocally creates the perfect pilot hole, i.e., a pilot hole having (a) a diameter that is sized perfectly to accept the next instrument; and (b) a trajectory path vector in complete alignment with the pedicle axis right from the very beginning of the pedicle penetration process. Thus, the surgeon saves even more time, since he does not have to correct the initial vector of the trajectory path of the pilot hole nor compensate for any errors or deviations thereof from the pedicle axis.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. In the view above it will be seen that several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained, as defined by the scope of the following claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
Kinsler - 4 hits
Game Stats
Game Stats
W: B. Lyon (1-0) L: K. Saarloos (0-1)
S: J. Valverde (4)
|2nd Inning
Gonzalez singled to left, Conine scored, Gonzalez to second advancing on throw.
|4th Inning
Ross hit sacrifice fly to second, Griffey scored, Conine to third.
|6th Inning
Callaspo grounded out to first, Hammock scored.
|7th Inning
Snyder hit sacrifice fly to center, Tracy scored, Jackson to third.
|8th Inning
Orlando Hudson (2) solo shot to left center off Saarloos.


text:
Sort by
Meat My Ass Porn Videos
- 14
- 84k
- 2 years ago
- 3 1003
Seriously hot and eager chicks just love to have there tight ass fucked hard and deep by a huge piece of meat, watch as these naughty sexy babes bend over, spread and do just about anything to get a cock balls deep in to there tight little butt holes. See whose ass gets the Meat next. View Site »


text:
Found a Lily growing wild .. what kind?
Hello all,
I'm new to the board and have a question for anyone experienced in Lilies.
I found two of these growing wild in the ditches, no where near houses. They stand about 3ft tall. Very fragrant. Flowers are approx. 1.5 inches, bright yellow with reddish brown spots.
Either the bulbs were so small I couldn't see them or they were much deeper than I thought but neither one came up with any bulb. I'm hoping to propagate them using the leaves.
Please see attached pics. Would love to know more. I have my suspicions as to what species they are but waiting to hear from others.
I "think" they might be Lilium columbianum .. common wild lily in my location according to most of my internet research. Here's two of the links that I looked at,
I planted the leaves on June 24th and 4 days later, they are still strong and healthy with no signs of wilting, so I'm praying it's working.
Adding ... I looked up the Lilium superbum you suggested and based on the photos and description, the one I found doesn't have the green centre like the Lilium superbum
There's an awesome picture of the green centre at this link
The ones I found are yellow/orange all the way to the centre and so is the Lilium columbianum.
Not sure where you live, MzMolly, but if you live where L. columbianum is native (and it does look like L. columbianum), then it cannot be L. superbum anyway. L. superbum is not native west of the Mississippi River.
Many (most?) wild Lilium species in the USA are protected by law. In many states if protected lilies grow on your own land, you can do as you please, but it is against the law to dig or pull them without the landowner's permission, if it is legal at all. (You would have to check your state's DNR listing for the species.) Fortunately L. columbianum is one of the more common western wild lilies. I don't know if it is protected where you pulled it or not. But some lilies are rare, and a hefty fine would be imposed (and rightly so!) if caught digging or pulling them. In fact, some are becoming rare BECAUSE people are digging (read: poaching) them!
So next time, maybe the better thing to do is photograph an unknown flower, and find out what it is before uprooting it.


text:
This is something I found interesting...
Harry Potter's family will sure get a break this year... :DQuote:
Dutch witches were guaranteed a financial treat when the Leeuwarden District Court reaffirmed their legal right to write off the costs of schooling — including in witchcraft — against their tax bills. Those costs run to thousands of euros.
The case is brewing political fury in the halls of Dutch government where a member of parliament for the ruling Christian Democrats demanded an explanation.
"It's just because the word 'witch' was mentioned that they have woken up," said Margarita Rongen, clad in flowing black velvet robes and wearing a Wiccan talisman. "This write-off has been around for a long time."
The court found that a witch can declare schooling costs if it increases the likelihood of employment.
Lawmaker Pieter Omtzigt was astounded.
"If we spend euro1,000 on a witchcraft class, that's euro1,000 we can't spent elsewhere," Omtzigt said.
When he asked about it in parliament, Junior Finance Minister Joop Wijn wrote, "Under the circumstances, the cost of a course to become a witch qualifies as school fees."


text:
More Videos...
Mitsubishi Lancer OZ Rally Edition 2002 - El Salvador.wmv
Acá muestro los avances que ha tenido mi OZ Rally y que aun me falta mucho
por progreso. Entre los proyectos futuros están las Lamboghini Style Doors
y un kit de turbo! Por el momento me
estoy ocupando de la estética general y mejorar el audio. Saludes.
Mazdaspeed Protege vs Lancer Oz Rally 1
msp, stock turbo with Exhaust, running 11 psi. oz rally, Exhaust
2003 turbo lancer startup
turbo lancer startup......2003 es 16g
with speedcorps manifold
Sure i had some problems starting but its working good now
sorry for thee quality but my normal camera had a tape jam and i had no
time to fix it
How to Turbo - Part 1
After buying a Euro car last episode, Marty discovers he has not yet found
his perfect vehicle... In this extended episode, we reveal what he got, and
show how to make it faster.
Wanna show the world that you fix your own shizzle? MCM stickers, ti shirts
and other mad shizuoika available here:
Official Site: http://www.mightycarmods.com
Forum: http://forums.mightycarmods.com
Music from the episode is available here:
http://www.mightycarmods.com/collections/music (Forced Induction by MOOG
was featured in this episode)
Also something to note around Mighty Car Mods: we are normal guys and are
not trained mechanics. We like to make interesting car mods and show you
how we've gone about it, but we can't promise that anything we show you
will work for your particular car, or that you won't harm yourself, someone
else, your car or your warranty doing it. Please be safe, be responsible
and unless you know what you're doing, do not fool around with very serious
machinery just because you've seen us make it look so easy. Talk to a
qualified mechanic if you are in any doubt.
Mitsubishi Lancer: RRM Header
Before and After video. RRM header, custom piping, and flowmaster 40 series
Lancer OZ Turbo.wmv
This is what happen when I get bored............
2003 Mitsubishi Lancer Turbo KAS
2003 Mitsubishi Lancer with custum turbo
setup build by KAS (Kito Auto Sport). The car is equiped with MegaSquirt
EMS. Made 325WHP at 22PSI on a Mustang MD500AWD Dyno. More information about
this Lancer can be found at www.kitoautosport.com
2008 Mitsubishi Lancer ES [CVT] - Tsudo N1 Exhaust
There aren't many videos of the Tsudo N1 on a current gen Lancer, much less
an installation video. So here ya go.
There are NO other mods on this car. Everything is purely stock, except the
Exhaust, of course.
By the way, if you buy this Exhaust,
you're probably going to have to do what I did and use a clamp or something
to hold the Exhaust up, or else it'll
probably end up falling off and you'll be dragging it down the road.
Road Race Motorsports Ralliart Lancer Turbo
Road Race Motorsports- 04-06 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart
Lancer Turbo build, 4g94, walking around shop loking at the parts
Lancer turbo build(this is no longer on
my car, i have all new parts beind built now)
taking a look at all the fabricated parts and progress. I have completely
basically everything, just have to put it back together now. t3/to4e 60
trim turbo .63 a/r... custom manifold.
custom downpipe testpipe. and custom wastegate dump coming throught the
im happy with the way it looks now... just a little different from stock
hehehehe... please comment and i will try to answer any questions
girls a ride on the Mitsubishi Lancer EVOlyushen 9 and a Porsche 911 Turbo S
Beautiful girls of fear memory.
2002 Turbo Lancer by JMS Racing
JMS Racing
9310 Converse Business Lane Ste.3
Converse, Tx 78109
Follow us on facebook...search JMS Racing!!
Crx Vs Lancer OZ Rally
2006 lancer oz rally-automatic 2.0 single cam stock vs crx B17 aftermarket
intake Exhaust stage 3 clutch.
Pull from 20-80, turbo 4g94 lancer OZ
Was bored, ignore the wideband its trippin out because the cars running
7psi on 60 trim t3/to43 on my 2002 lancer oz
Dodge Ram Crushes GT-R in 1/4-Mile Pass
Drag Racing Down Under â 1500HP VW
Wheelstand Wednesday â Compilation Video
All Show No Go Blown/Turbocharged 1969 Camaro
Which car is faster?
Similar 1/4 mile timeslips to browse:
1994 Mitsubishi Lancer GSR GT28RS: 12.144 @ 113.870
Edward, Engine: 4g93T 1.8, Supercharger: none Turbos: GT28RS Tires: 23/ 8.0-13
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 12.830 @ 106.060
Eddie Menendez, Engine: 4b11t, Turbos: Evo X
1996 Mitsubishi Lancer GTi sedan: 12.855 @ 110.800
Ramadhany Wicaksono A Salvo, Engine: stock engine 1.8L DOHC, Supercharger: - Turbos: - Tires: MH slick
2012 Mitsubishi Lancer RALLIART: 13.074 @ 103.120
LUIS, Engine: 2.0 4B11, Turbos: 0EM Tires: 215/45/R18
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 13.202 @ 101.990
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 13.294 @ 100.840
4B11T, Turbos: Stock Tires: Stock
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 13.382 @ 100.220
1994 Mitsubishi Lancer GSR Series II: 13.414 @ 99.930
Steven Duong, Engine: Stock, Turbos: Stock Tires: Yokohama
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer RalliArt: 13.523 @ 98.490
Gilbert Garcia, Tires: 225 Sumitomo HTZ III
2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 13.560 @ 102.670
punk's, Engine: 4g69, Supercharger: - Turbos: Garret T3 Tires: kumho ECSTA spt
2004 Mitsubishi Lancer ralliart: 13.647 @ 105.310
jamie, Engine: 2.4L MIVEC, Tires: Nexen 225/40/16
1988 Mitsubishi Lancer CB GSR: 13.907 @ 99.000
Travis L, Engine: 4G61 1.6, Turbos: TD05H s16G Tires: kenda komet 195/60
2008 Mitsubishi Lancer gts: 14.099 @ 104.030
jonathan, Engine: 4b11, Turbos: ralliart turbo Tires: stock
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 14.110 @ 97.220
NA, Tires: Bridgestone Potenza RE050A
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 14.279 @ 94.350
Erik, Engine: 2.0 4B11T, Turbos: Stock Tires: 245/40 R18
2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 14.648 @ 94.780
2006 Mitsubishi Lancer ralliart: 14.743 @ 90.910
stephane gadreau,
2003 Mitsubishi Lancer Mitsubishi Lancer OZ: 14.812 @ 92.167
Tone, Tires: Kuhmo 205/50/15
2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart: 14.893 @ 93.567
punk´s, Engine: 4g69 2.4 lts, Supercharger: - Turbos: - Tires: kumho 205 50 16
2002 Mitsubishi Lancer ES Nitrous: 14.930 @ 93.750
shawn sanders,
©2015 DragTimes - Disclaimer - Contact Us


text:
Get the Best Priced GMC K3500 Transmission Mount
- Fast Shipping
- 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee
- Lowest Prices
GMC K3500 Replacement Transmission Mount Information
Search our online transmission mount catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured GMC K3500 Transmission Mount parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following GMC K3500 years: 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1986, 1985, 1984, 1983, 1982, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82. This part is also sometimes called GMC K3500 Trans Mounts. We stock transmission mount parts for most GMC models including Envoy, K1500, Sonoma, Sierra 1500, Yukon, K2500 Suburban, K25, Sierra 2500 HD, G2500, Safari, Jimmy, G3500, K1500 Suburban, C3500, C1500, K25/K2500 Pickup, C25, Yukon XL 1500, Canyon, V1500, S15, Typhoon, Savana 2500, C1500 Suburban, C25/C2500 Pickup, C15/C1500 Pickup, Sierra 2500, Savana 3500, K2500, Sierra 1500 HD, Sierra 3500, Savana 1500, Yukon XL 2500, C2500, Sierra 3500 HD, S15 Jimmy, Sierra C3, C2500 Suburban, P3500 and C15.
We stock these Transmission Mount brands for the GMC K3500: Westar, Anchor, DEA and Energy Suspension.
92 1992 GMC K3500 Automatic Transmission Solenoid 5.7L V8 Delphi - Crew Cab Pickup
98 1998 GMC K3500 Sierra SL Neutral Safety Switch 5.7L V8 VIN: R FI Naturally Aspirated GAS AC Delco
00 2000 GMC K3500 Transmission Filter Aceomatic
Very good descriptions and easy to access with data. Easy site to use and navagate in. Broad range of parts. My part was backordered and they first asked me if this was OK.
Overnight delivery, delivered right on time. I ordered late the previous day, item was shipped within minutes....That's what you call service.....Thanks......


text:
by tramos13 » 20 Feb 2004, 03:27
by suanj » 20 Feb 2004, 07:39
tramos13 wrote:Searching for ancestors of the following people: Guiseppe "Joseph" Dell'Angelica, married Catherina Pacini (parents Francisco & Elizabeth), most likely in Lunata, Lucca, IT. Catherina b. July 12, 1820, Italy d. February 24, 1918, Chicago. Children: Eugenio b. 10/1853, Giocomo "George" b. 6/15/1864, Natalino born abt 1857, Ricardo b. possibly abt 1859. All sons settled in Chicago.
Carlo Barsanti, born Italy, wife Margarita La Rue, born France, children Carlo (b. abt 1888 in France) & Maria (Margarita) born February 12, 1875 Nantes, France died March 5, 1922 Chicago, IL.
Users browsing this forum: Baidu [Spider], Bing [Bot], Google [Bot], Google Adsense [Bot], MSNbot Media, Robin B Mc and 16 guests


text:
In this edition of Victory Update, Fort Jackson names its Drill Sergeant and AIT Platoon Sergeant of the Year, and Hilton Field is getting a makeover.
Loading more stuff…
Hmm…it looks like things are taking a while to load. Try again?
TM + © 2015 Vimeo, LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with k in NYC.
Your content preferences apply to any Vimeo videos you view. Learn more about content preferences in our FAQ.


text:
Select your pregnancy week from the timeline
Select your baby's age in months from the timeline
Select your toddler's age in months from the timeline
What to expect this week
Seven weeks in and your unborn baby is coming on in leaps and bounds.
Your baby is continuing to grow at a remarkable pace, its embryonic form is slowly starting to transform into an actual little person, with emerging arm and leg buds, and a beating heart – how amazing? They also have a tiny tail – but that will soon disappear!
Amazingly your baby has already gone through three sets of kidneys by week 7, but this week they'll start developing their final set which will be ready for waste management. In the coming weeks your baby will start to produce urine which will form part of the amniotic fluid.
Size-wise, your baby is now about 1cm in size and not much bigger than a little bean, bobbing around in your womb.
Seven weeks in, you might be coming to terms with, (or still awaiting!) the nausea on waking, or the other earlier signs of pregnancy. It can be a lot to take in, especially if you have chosen not to let others in on your secret until after your 12 week scan.
Try to avoid being around people who are unwell in these early weeks – some illnesses such as rubella and parvovirus (also known as slapped cheek disease) are mainly picked up by coming into contact with children – so take care! You should also be very cautious around certain animals at this point in your pregnancy, too – ewes and lambs in particular can carry an infection which causes miscarriage, and cat litter trays (cat poo, basically) can cause toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection.
Your rubella (German measles) immunity will be checked at your booking in appointment, but do let your GP or midwife know as soon as possible if you have come into contact with anyone with German measles or any other illnesses.
You'll be having your first appointment with your GP or midwife very soon, if you haven't already done so. Think about any questions you might want to ask them, or things you might need to make them aware of - remember, nothing will seem like a 'silly' or irrelevant query to them (and whatever it might be, it almost certainly will not be the first time they have been asked it!)
At your first midwife appointment, you might be asked for some family health history information - do you need to speak to your parents or get any information together for this? What about your partner's health and family history?
How to stick to a healthy pregnancy diet
Learn more about morning sickness and tips to help
Early pregnancy cramping
Community stories
by Amelia
When should I tell my friends that I'm pregnant? Read popular posts from other mums-to-be
Read more
Start thinking about what you want to ask your GP or midwife at your first appointment
8 weeks pregnant
Two months into your pregnancy and you are no doubt now feeling lots of changes.
9 weeks pregnant
You are now nine weeks into your pregnancy – so what's happening with you and your baby now?


text:
We Make It EASY TO Make It Your OWN more
Fixed, for good. more
We will fix your computer today!. We offer a safe and convenient online remote pc repair delivery method ... more
Call Paramount Wireless Today and Get Instant Results For All Your PC and Printer Problems! We Are Patien... more
Ace Hardware is committed to being the Helpful Place for hardware, plumbing, tools, grills, garden and mo... more
Sunrise Cottage, a Hawaiian oceanfront vacation rental located in quaint Kapa'a on the Garden Isle of Kau... more
Top Trending Articles
How to Transfer Music From a Computer on a Sh...
You can transfer shared music from your computer to you... more
Which Are the Best Computers on the Market To...
With so many computers on the market today, it can be t... more
Smart Shopping Suggestions for Buying Your Ne...
Learn how to make a safe and smart computer purchase wh... more
The Age-Old Debate: Which is Better - Mac or ...
Buying a computer can be a big research job. Read on t... more
Great Gifts for the Computer Lover in Your Li...
Great gifts for computer lovers can be easy to find. R... more
© 2015 Local Corporation - US Patent 7,231,405
Some data provided by Acxiom. Questions and Comments?


text:
#111 of 176
south beach greeting cards, miami greeting cards, florida greeting cards, ocean drive greeting cards, larios on the beach greeting cards, pelican hotel greeting cards, fox cafe greeting cards, art deco greeting cards, tropical greeting cards, city greeting cards, architecture greeting cards
This is Ocean Drive in South Beach Miami, Florida; one of my favorite places. Left to right we have Larios on the Beach, the Pelican Hotel, and the Fox Cafe. I used a little creative digital editing to give the scene an appropriate tropical art deco feeling.
STEVEN SPARKS Photographic Art ARTIST STATEMENT: It's really amazing how many choices we now have in our shooting and processing workflow to enhance what a scene may have to offer and express our artistic preferences. My artistic preference is simply 'Photographic fine art to enjoy and live with�. And what I enjoy living with has no limited range of content or style; but it will generally evoke positive feelings, like peace, beauty, harmony, love, fun, etc. My creativity has been influenced by a few contemporary art photographers like Steve Barclay and Andy Katz; and also a by some of the world�s renowned painters, especially American painters from the late 19th century like George Inness. I love George's...
Our return policy is very simple:
If you're not happy with a purchase that you made on FineArtAmerica.com, for any reason, you can return it to us within 30 days of the order date. As soon as it arrives, we'll issue a full refund for the entire purchase price. Please note - Fine Art America does not reimburse the outgoing or return shipping charges unless the return is due to a defect in quality.
Fine Art America sells thousands of pieces of artwork each month - all with a 100% money-back guarantee.
If you've hesitated to purchase artwork online in the past, why not give us a try? You have nothing to lose!
We take great pride in the fact that artists have chosen Fine Art America to fulfill their orders, and we look forward to helping you select your next piece!
Customer Service: 877-807-5901
(Call Any Time - 24 Hours Per Day)
All greeting cards ship from our production facility within two business days of your order.
Beverly Hills, CA (United States)
Sign up for our newsletter for exclusive deals, discount codes, and more:
Unsubscribe at any time.
Server Status OK
Copyright © 2015 FineArtAmerica.com - All Rights Reserved


text:
Windows Help
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
windows vista ultimate reinstall
Likes # 0
Posted April 3, 2010 at 11:08PM
Hi i was just wondering is it possible to reinstall windows vista ultimate on a fresh formatted harddrive. I i have the proper disk its not a copy i already have it installed at the moment on my old harddrive. And its been activated already. Just wondering if it wont mess up and say its not real i had a problem like this before.
fionn o'brien
Likes # 0
Posted April 4, 2010 at 9:03AM
only permits you to install Windows Vista on a single computer, but provided the old hard drive is no longer used there's nothing to prevent you from installing on a new drive in the same computer, provided you haven't changed any other major components, like a motherboard, for instance.
Just install the software, and if the activation wizard stops, and tells you the software has already been activated, select the telephone activation procedure. Then follow the automated telephone prompts.
Likes # 0
Posted April 4, 2010 at 12:32PM
Thats great forum editor nothing is being changed in my pc bar the HDD. So hopefully everything should go to plan
fionn o'brien
Reply to this topic
This thread has been locked.
Check out PC Advisor's other tech forums
Top 5 Most Popular
Samsung Galaxy S6 vs Sony Xperia Z3 comparison review: What's the difference?
19 best new phones you should be most excited about in 2015: best new phones coming from Apple, Samsung, Sony, HTC, LG, Xiaomi and others
Windows 10 release date, price, features UK: The next version of Windows could launch sooner than expected, and without Internet Explorer
Samsung Galaxy S6 vs Samsung Galaxy Note 4 comparison review: Which is the best Samsung phone?
HTC One M9 vs HTC One M8 comparison: new HTC One M9 is HTC's best ever smartphone - here's why you should upgrade from HTC One M8 to HTC One M9


text:
The tour was a marvelous experience. Our guide was excellent! Thank you. I am so glad I had the chance to go to Galilee and see places so central in the life and ministry of Jesus.
Doing what: Nazareth, Tiberias and the Sea of Galilee Day Trip from Jerusalem
Our tour was already great by the ease of booking and communications throughout. What made it outstanding was our guide, Norbert and our driver Avi. Norbert was so knowledgeable about all the major religions but especially most respectful. He made the whole experience "come alive". I would highly reccomend this company!
Doing what: Old and New Jerusalem Full-Day Tour
Gest tour and great guide. Friendly guide and driver!
Doing what: Masada and the Dead Sea Day Trip from Jerusalem
Completely satisfied with the tour. Amir gives insight to some of the reasons and passions involved as well as conveying a fascinating presentation of the historical significance of the place. My number1 guy for Israel tours.
Doing what: Masada and Ein Gedi Nature Reserve Day Trip from Jerusalem
The tour was great. Amir gives a presentation that anyone can easily understand. Exceptional presentation.
Doing what: Jerusalem Half Day Tour: Dome of the Rock and Western Wall
My brain is still catching up to what all was presented. You have to see this part to understand the gospels in the natural state.
Doing what: Nazareth, Tiberias and the Sea of Galilee Day Trip from Jerusalem
Oh my the amphitheater and the Hippodrome all in one stop and it is still there. Pontius Pilate attended events here. So did Herod the great. Fast forward to the Crusaders and you have seen real history where it happened.
Doing what: Caeserea and Rosh Hanikra Day Trip from Jerusalem
An excellent tour with an excellent guide. Massada was a wonderful experience. The story of Massada was told to us in fair detail and very interesting. The dead sea experience was really something - floating on water!
This tour should not be missed.
Doing what: Masada and the Dead Sea Day Trip from Jerusalem
Lots packed in two days, but extremely well organized and paced. Very rich in all that's covered: Even the border crossing has stimulating value to it from political reasons as you come back through the Palestine side and the experience is very interesting. Jerash is simply mind boggling, and Amman a wonderful way to navigate through this nation, and then Petra simply leaves you without words to express the awe that you feel when in front of this rock city. Great job on how this tour got put together -add to the experience the Bedouin Camp INCREDIBLE and our guide Majah was a woman with so much love for her Jordan that it showed in every one of her tales, narratives, explanations and signs of affection. She added a genuine human touch of national pride and sense of global bond to the experience. Excellent guide and full of great energy.
Doing what: 2-Day Petra and Jordan Tour from Jerusalem
Masada and the Dead Sea were stunning and our tour guide was knowledgeable, classy, and experienced. She did a great job bringing it all together.
As for Jerusalem, unbelievable tour guide Amir Call Or. His charisma, sense of humor and vast amounts of knowledge were humbling and enriching at the same time. He helped me realize how much more there is to see about this amazing country where so much of world's history was made. I highly recommend the tour, which while fast paced you can't pretend to cover a good amount of Jerusalem in a day without unfortunately having to rush, and a tour guide that runs a tight ship, it gives you a great tease/taste of such a historical city. And Amir made it so much more interesting and stimulating.
Doing what: 2-Day Best of Israel Tour: Old Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Masada & the Dead Sea
Solid tour with a great guide. Tamar really tried to make sure everyone got what they needed though u felt bad for her since the our group had a few folks that were not very social. The weather almost stopped us from going to Masada but we made it. Dead Sea location was okay but a bit too crowded
Doing what: Masada and the Dead Sea Day Trip from Jerusalem
We learned a lot on the trip to Masada and enjoyed the brief time we had at the Dead Sea. The guide was good, but I did get a little tired of hearing how great the bus driver was because he was so patient. I never did understand that. At the end, this was used again to lobby for a bus driver tip. I always tip, and did here, but I thought that the overt pitch for a tip and passing around an envelope was a bit aggressive. In addition, I wish that the food choices for lunch were better, although I doubt there is much you can do about that because of where we are at. Overall, very good tour, but don't be so aggressive on the tip -- your guides might actually collect more if they weren't so aggressive.
Doing what: Masada and the Dead Sea Day Trip from Jerusalem
Tour guide was brilliant!! Very enjoyable day! Improvements can be made on timings of hotel pick ups as we were unsure what time we would be picked up so had to get up early and sit in the lobby
Doing what: Old Jerusalem Full-Day Tour
Great tour, amazing scenery. A bit rushed for time as there was lots to see. Your guide very knowledgeable but improvements can be made on hotel pick ups and timings as we waited a while in the lobby.
Doing what: Masada and the Dead Sea Day Trip from Jerusalem
Driver was on time and friendly. English was sufficient for all interactions. I thought he was a bit reckless while driving but after a week in Israel I realized it's how everyone drives, so it wasn't just him. Price for one passenger not competitive with booking with hotel so will not use again.
Doing what: Jerusalem from Tel Aviv Ben Gurion Airport Private Arrival Transfer
Loading more reviews


text:
Loophole for condensate exports may apply to other US crudes: Decision could add speculation to exports
The decision allowing minimally processed super-light oil known as condensate to be freely exported may open the door to doing the same with other types of crude too, according to industry and government sources who have reviewed the ruling.
Get the full story
Subscribe or Log In
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? Activate your account.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Call (701) 225-8111 and we can help you.


text:
Joshua Reynolds: Experiments in Paint
Offering new insights into the artistic practice of Sir Joshua Reynolds, this catalogue investigates his radical manipulation of pigments, oils, glazes and varnishes. It traces his experiments with colour, tone and handling, reveals his continual temptation to rework and revise his pictures, and illuminates his highly creative responses to the new exhibition culture of his day. More


text:
Begin New Search
Refine Last Search
Cemetery Lookup
Add Burial Records
Help with Find A Grave
Top Contributors
Success Stories
Discussion Forums
Find A Grave Store
Log In
Flowers left for
Julia Fleming
Julia, you are not forgotten. We have only thin threads of your very existence but we retain them, your descendants, however small---- no matter how much time has passed, we remember you. You are a part of us.
In Remembrance
Added: Jan. 12, 2012
Privacy Statement
Terms of Service