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We all know that saving more and borrowing less is critical for our financial health. Considering how harsh the last couple of years have been on so many people, from young adults looking for work to retirees watching their pensions vaporize, it's doubtful that our old profligate habits will reassert themselves as the economy recovers. Memories aren't that short.
Updated: January 21, 2012, - 10:44 PM
A national debate has erupted about the value of a college education.
Updated: January 14, 2012, - 10:28 PM
Perhaps the most famous lines in personal finance were written by 19th-century novelist Charles Dickens. In "David Copperfield," the kindly but debt-ridden Mr. Wilkins Micawber advised a young David, "Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen-nineteen-six: result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds ought and six: result misery."
Updated: January 07, 2012, - 11:12 PM
The list of ills weighing on the U.S. economy is long, from high unemployment to stingy wage gains to widening income inequality. So, during the festive holiday season I want to focus on some good news: Americans are living longer. Average life expectancy is a fraction above 78 years and climbing. Back in 1935, when Social Security became law, average life expectancy was 61 years. It's a remarkable achievement.
Updated: December 17, 2011, - 03:13 PM
December is a time for giving, buying presents for family and friends. 'Tis also the season for giving to charity.
Updated: December 10, 2011, - 06:31 PM
Black Friday and Cyber Monday are history -- thankfully! Sales look reasonably robust, although mostly for stuff sold at a...
Updated: December 03, 2011, - 10:09 PM
Q Has the method of compensating financial planners changed? I started working with a planner about 12 years ago. They...
Updated: November 19, 2011, - 06:48 PM
When it comes to thinking about money, it's a good idea to turn to Charles Dickens. The 19th-century novelist had a knack for bringing the mysteries of money alive. There's a wonderful moment in his novel "Dombey and Son'' when the boy asks his father, "Papa, what's money?"
Updated: November 14, 2011, - 08:41 AM
A husband's unwillingness to engage with debt and money is a recipe for trouble.
Updated: November 05, 2011, - 10:14 PM
Is the stock market giving you a case of mental whiplash? The market rallies on hints that Europe's leaders will manage the massive Greek debt restructuring. But wait -- maybe European politicians lack the political will to cope with the Mediterranean sovereign debt crisis -- and stocks retreat.
Updated: October 22, 2011, - 11:44 AM


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New construction provides more options to Grand Forks' older housing stock
Despite hundreds of new houses being built in Grand Forks, mainly on the south side, the city's housing options as a whole are still older than in other major North Dakota cities — but continued growth may change that.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Collins Jobs
Looking for jobs in Collins? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Collins jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
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Public Alpha (0.41) for WindowsAug 8, 2013 Demo 3 comments
Last public alpha update for Inverto (version 0.41).
"Inverto" is a first person shooter-puzzler with gravity manipulations. Game is ideological successor of such games as "Prey" and "Portal" with a pinch of parkour and platformer elements. "Inverto" is developed on Unity3D game engine and is planned on Windows, Mac, Linux. Will be released later this year. Latest alpha of the game is available on Desura.
Proceed all of the testing areas as a simple researcher with your trusty GraviGun. Prepare to explore Escher-esque spaces and solve navigational and gravitational puzzles by changing gravity direction, employing body momentum and fighting nausea (if only you have weak vestibular system).
Still not sure? Check out this videos:
Latest public version of the game is in alpha state, and does not represent final product quality.
You can play WEB version (0.41) right in your browser.
2 comments by defaxer on Jun 13th, 2014
I apologize for keeping you waiting so long for a new update. Guess I should explain what was happening to me and the project for all this time. As you may know I'm from Ukraine and for last 8 months it was not easy times here (and still are). Not going to tell you about it, if you wish you can find more info on The Internets. All I can say, I was involved.
...But enough politics here and let's get down to business.
Again! Well, Its development was not really suspended, just paused for some time now. Now I'm back to development, but as a "spare time" project. That means it will be slooow. By this time a lot of improvements were made and a lot of bugs were fixed. I'm switching to a different "Input manager" (which will fix those XBox controller problems once and for all), different GUI system and different Unity, that means new bugs and so on.
New levels, new gui, new editor functionality and that is not all of game aspects that I'm working on right now. There is a lot to do, so not an easy decision was made. To keep development stable, predictable and close to the plans, released game (both here and on Steam) will be only 12 levels long (it was planned as a short 9 level game initially) and story, characters and drama will be put aside, sorry.
...But hey, you will have an editor, right?
This feature cut will let me focus on current problems (because project needs a proper cleanup) and hopefully won't hold new updates back. Latest work on shaders shows, that ANY calculator can now run this (on 25 fps at least). And graphics can be optimized even more =)
So let's summarize: developer is Ok, game is (kind of) Ok, development is slow but is also Ok, that means new update (and Steam release) is coming. Let's hope it will be soon! Stay tuned!
P.S. Really sorry I was absent that long. Oh, and didn't I told you, I'll be a real father real soon?
...But it won't affect game development in any way ;)
Last public alpha update for Inverto (version 0.41).
Last public alpha update for Inverto (version 0.41).
Last public alpha update for Inverto (version 0.41).
Downloadable alpha version for windows. Uses advanced graphical features and more advanced shaders. Final game of this version will also contain more...
I wish there was a demo
it's in the groupees greenlight bundle right now for $0.75, i would just risk it and buy it if i were you
What are you talking about? Public Alpha has 6 full levels in it, more than any game demo I know has ;)
sorry guyz; I buy it from Groupees, but where is the editor? I can't find it :(
I'm not aware of how folders are structured in groupees version, I've submitted two separate archives for game and editor. You can try searching for "InvertoEditor.exe"?
Will those purchasing via IGS right now receive a STEAM KEY?
"It have been discussed in comments and now it's officially announced. Everyone purchasing an alpha on Desura not only gets it at a discounted price (which will increase with more updates) but also will get Steam key once game will be Greenlit!"
When you redeem a game on Desura, you become alpha owner which means, when game will get on Steam you get a Steam key, just like every other alpha owner.
Re: Will those purchasing via IGS (IndieGameStand) right now receive a STEAM KEY?
A: When you redeem a game on Desura, you become alpha owner which means, when game will get on Steam you get a Steam key, just like every other alpha owner.
Thank you for the confirmation and the prompt response, bought the game a few minutes ago.
(A while back I think I ran across your site, glad to see you getting some exposure, had totally forgot about Inverto until I saw it on IGS.)
Will vote for it to be Greenlite on Steam.
Note: I use STEAM due to the convenience, but I would prefer and did download the DRM FREE VERSION.
I hope you keep a DRM FREE VERSION of the game available when Inverto is Greenlit on STEAM.
Level 5, (Energy), are you supposed to start with the gravity gun? I activated the first bridge, now I have no idea what to do next.
Yeah.. level 5. That bug was fixed, but unfortunately I've never updated the game. Currently you can fix this by dying(get crashed by elevator at the beginning).
Oh, thanks. I had been stumped there for a while, put the game aside to play some other indies, thinking I had missed something.
I've found a little bug. If i hit the zoombutton (rightclick) a lot of times it will stayed zoomed in until i restart the level. and the laser sometimes dont kill you. happend in level 2 when the first laserbarrier appears
Thanks a lot! Will dissect this bug as soon as possible!
Highest Rated (2 agree) 8/10
Still a little buggy in its current state, but heaps of potential here.
Can't wait to see what it looks like when it's done!
Aug 7 2013, 1:59pm by Gn0meSlice
Promote Inverto on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).


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I can picture my brother as a handsome young boy, all eyes and nerves, traipsing about in the muggy drizzle of Glasgow after his tipsy father. In Dublin I have more than once seen children, younger than my brother was at that time, trying to lead a staggering mother home.
Who wouldn't leap to read more by the author of these sentences? "All eyes and nerves," is terse and visible description despite abstractness. "Muggy drizzle" on one side of the see-saw line is rhythmically and melodically balanced by "tipsy father". And then there's the unspooling of effect in the second sentence that roots us in place ("In Dublin"), plants a sociological seed ("I have more than once seen"), adds actors ("children"), personalizes them unobtrusively ("younger than my brother was at that time"), offers a hopeful gerundive ("trying to lead") that simultaneously suggests its possible opposite (for trying suggests one might fail) and then concludes, after all that careful effort, with a few, gutting last steps ("a staggering mother"—worse, somehow, than a "a staggering father") before the sentence shuts, before the destination ("home") can be attained.
"I have read the book twice," T. S. Eliot said of the whole from which the lines above are clipped,
and find myself fascinated and repelled by the personality of this positive, courageous, bitter man who was a prey to such mixed emotions of affection, admiration, and antagonism—a struggle in the course of which…he saw his famous brother, at certain moments, with a startling lucidity of vision.
The book in question is My Brother's Keeper, its author Stanislaus Joyce. Younger by three years, Stanislaus bore, in Richard Ellmann's phrase "his curious burden with nobility and discomfort." The burden, to anyone who has read Ellmann's biography of the elder Irish author, that of being "among the first to recognize James Joyce's genius," and that of realizing, however much he idolized and adored him, that "his character [was] 'very difficult.'"
There are a number of interesting fraternal pairs in literature. The incompatible frères Theroux; the unequal Manns; the incongruous William and Henry James. Of accounts of frustrated fraternity, though, Stanislaus's book is likely the most humanly complex, in part due to its complex subject, but more purposefully still due the great talent Joyce the younger had as an observer. And then there was also his talent for self-abnegation. "This is coloured too highly, like a penny cartoon," wrote Stanislaus, next to one of his routinely excellent descriptions of his brother—a staggering brother.
More from Wyatt Mason:
From the October 2014 issue
From the February 2010 issue
Sentences — May 1, 2009, 2:41 pm
Acreage of a Christian nudist colony under development in Florida:
Continuing Care, Inc. (Venice, Fla.)
Florida's wildlife officials decided to remove the manatee, which has a mild taste that readily adapts to recipes for beef, from the state's endangered-species list.
A 64-year-old mother and her 44-year-old son were arrested for running a gang that stole more than $100,000 worth of toothbrushes from Publix, Walmart, Walgreens, and CVS stores in Florida.
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"He could be one of a million beach-bound, black-socked Florida retirees, not the man who, by some odd happenstance of life, possesses the brain of Albert Einstein — literally cut it out of the dead scientist's head."


text:
- Opponents restate security, scope concerns as metadata retention becomes Australian law
- The week in security: Now law in Australia, data retention challenged overseas
- GitHub recovering from massive DDoS attacks
- Eyes on China as massive DDoS on GitHub heads into day three
- 'Largest DDoS attack' in GitHub's history targets anticensorship projects
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text:
HIS Radeon HD 6850 1GB IceQ X Turbo Video Card - Benchmarks - Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X. 2Not only does the HD 6850 from HIS get the Turbo treatment, but also the IceQ one. Let's see what's on offer.
Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X.2
Version and / or Patch Used: Benchmark Demo
Timedemo or Level Used: Built-in Test
Developer Homepage: http://www.ubi.com/UK/default.aspx
Product Homepage: http://www.hawxgame.com/
Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X. 2 is an arcade-style flight action game developed by Ubisoft Romania and published by Ubisoft. The game is the sequel to Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X., released in 2009.
The game begins with Colonel David Crenshaw participating in a routine patrol mission in the Middle East. After halting an insurgent attack, a volley of missiles is fired at the Air Force base that Crenshaw was stationed at, with one of the missiles disabling Crenshaw's aircraft, resulting Crenshaw being in enemy captivity. A joint strike force composed of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and a Ghost Recon squad executes an operation to rescue Crenshaw. In Scotland, Royal Navy Pilot Colin Munro encounters an unidentified passenger aircraft that explodes from an on-board bomb when undergoing training exercise. In Russia, an air force squadron led by Colonel Denisov and Captain Dmitri Sokov engages separatist aircraft but is ordered to retreat from the region after numerous Russian military installations have been attacked.
- Page 1 [Introduction and Package]
- Page 2 [Card and Specifications]
- Page 3 [Test System Setup and 3DMark 11]
- Page 4 [3DMark Vantage]
- Page 5 [Unigine Heaven Benchmark]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - Resident Evil 5]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X. 2]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Mafia II]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - Lost Planet 2]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - Aliens vs. Predator]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - Street Fighter IV]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - Far Cry 2]
- Page 13 [Benchmarks - Batman Arkham Asylum]
- Page 14 [Benchmarks - High Quality AA and AF]
- Page 15 [Temperature Test]
- Page 16 [Sound Test]
- Page 17 [Power Consumption Tests]
- Page 18 [Total Performance Rating (TPR)]
- Page 19 [Total Value Rating (TVR)]
- Page 20 [Final Thoughts]
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text:
The tree is more than first a seed, then a stem, then a living trunk, and then dead timber. The tree is a slow, enduring force straining to win the sky.
Painting on glass
All rights reserved © Elisabetta Artusi
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Fantastic painting. Brilliant design and lovely work.Nov 20th, 2012 Reply
thank you very much Chad!Nov 26th, 2012 Reply
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beautifulJan 25th, 2012 Reply
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Stunning! I love the colors! ♥Jan 5th, 2012 Reply
Thank you Vera!Jan 6th, 2012 Reply
Love the colors....Would make a great mural...Nov 28th, 2011 Reply
THANK YOU SO MUCH !!!!Nov 28th, 2011 Reply
congrats mateNov 28th, 2011 Reply
Thank you very much for sharing this beautiful piece of art,
it's inspirational to all of us artists and at Shadowness we like
to thank our amazing artists for all they do.
To show our appreciation for you, your artwork has been featured
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Beautiful workNov 27th, 2011 Reply inspire & be inspired
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text:
Business Law Text and CasesAuthor:
Miller, Cross Clarkson
Edition: 12th
Publisher: Cengage
Summary: This legal textbook offers an excellent grounding in business law. College students studying law will appreciate the detailed coverage of key areas of business law. This textbook takes a close look at legal, ethical, global and corporate environment text and cases. It is a crucial guide to business law and will aid your understanding of its concepts and theory. Buying or renting legal textbooks is simple and with our... service you can find some of the best priced legal textbooks on the market. [read more]
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Unfortunately Axygen Tip 384 Filter 30UL Sterile TF-384-30RS is no longer carried by OpticsPlanet.
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text:
Clendenen Family Vineyards Sauvignon Blanc 2012
Clendenen Family Vineyards - California - United States - Santa Barbara
2012 has, so far been a positive year for wineries around the world. While it may be a little too early to speak of the wines being made in the northern hemisphere, European and North American wineries have already begun reporting that their harvesting season has been generally very good, and are predicting to continue with the kind of successes they saw in 2011. However, 2012 has been something of a late year for France, due to unpredictable weather throughout the summer, and the grapes were ripening considerably later than they did in 2011 (which was, admittedly, an exceptionally early year). French wineries are claiming, though, that this could well turn out to be advantageous, as the slow ripening will allow the resulting wines to express more flavour and features of the terroir they are grown in. The southern hemisphere has seen ideal climatic conditions in most of the key wine producing countries, and Australia and New Zealand particularly had a superb year, in particular with the Bordeaux varietal grapes that grow there and which love the humidity these countries received plenty of. Also enjoying a fantastic year for weather were wineries across Argentina and Chile, with the Mendoza region claiming that 2012 will be one of their best vintages of the past decade. Similar claims are being made across the Chilean wine regions, where Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon had an especially good year. These two grape varietals also produced characterful wines on the coastal regions of South Africa this year.
One of the most commonly planted and cultivated white wine grape varietals in the world is the Sauvignon Blanc. This green skinned grape originated in southern France, where it is still grown today and produced into exceptionally high quality wines. However, it is also very much a varietal of the New World, and can be found almost anywhere with the correct climatic conditions for it to thrive in. Generally, Sauvignon Blanc grapes prefer cooler climates, and benefit best from an early harvest. Too much exposure to heat causes the juices inside the fruit to lose much of their character, and results in flat, uninteresting wines devoid of the grapes' usual bite and crispiness. In many countries, Sauvignon Blanc grape juices are aged in barrels, and are allowed to undergo malolactic fermentation, which transforms this dry and refreshing, zesty and fruity white wine into something far mellower, more buttery and refined.
California has long been the New World's most important and prodigious wine producing regions, with a history which stretches back to the 18th century and the Spanish pioneers who settled here. Today, California produces vast quantities of wine, and if it were a country, it would be the fourth largest producer of wine on earth. Despite experiencing many problems in the mid 20th century, including a very serious blight which almost crippled the state's wine industry, the ideal terroir and excellent climate ensured that Californian wines soon became the envy of the New World once again. California produces a vast range of wines, and utilizes a long list of fine grape varietals, with many wineries and their produce more closely resembling those of France and other Old World countries in regards to character, practices and flavors
The first European settlers to consider growing grapevines in the United States must have been delighted when they discovered the now famous wine regions within California, Oregon and elsewhere. Not even in the Old World are there such fertile valleys, made ideal for vine cultivation by the blazing sunshine, long, hot summers and oceanic breezes. As such, it comes as little surprise that today more than eighty-nine percent of United States wines are grown in the valleys and on the mountainsides of California, where arguably some of the finest produce in the world is found. However, American wine does not begin and end with California, and due to the vast size of the country and the incredible range of terrains and climates found within the United States, there is probably no other country on earth which produces such a massive diversity of wines. From ice wines in the northern states, to sparkling wines, aromatized wines, fortified wines, reds, whites, rosés and more, the United States has endless surprises in store for lovers of New World wines.
California is one of the New World's truly great wine producing countries, and within the state, there are few regions quite as enduringly popular or successful as Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara benefits from the fantastic sunshine the state is famous for, as well as the cooling and temperate Pacific Ocean winds which help to slow the ripening process and ensure the grapes which thrive there end up expressing more flavor and aroma in the bottle. The region itself is renowned for producing high quality and flavorful red wines, commonly made from classic French grape varietals such as Cabernet Sauvignon. However, recent years have seen the wineries of Santa Barbara eager to experiment, and today several different red and white wine grapes are growing well in this beautiful region.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Spanish calabaza ("pumpkin, gourd"), possibly from Arabic قرعة يابسة (qárʕa yābisa, "dry gourd") or directly from Persian خربزه (xarboza, xarboze, "melon"), from Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós), or from a pre-Roman (Iberia) word *calapaccia; cognate with French calebasse ("gourd").
calabash (plural calabashes)
- A vine grown for its fruit, which can be harvested young and used as a vegetable, or harvested mature, dried, and used as a container, like a gourd. In particular, Lagenaria siceraria.
- (originally) The fruit of such a vine.
- A tree grown for its fruit, which can be harvested mature and dried, and used as a container. In particular, Crescentia cujete.
- The fruit of such a tree.
- A utensil traditionally made of the dried shell of a calabash and used as a bottle, dipper, utensil or pipe, etc.
- For usage examples of this term, see the citations page.
a vine grown for its fruit
that fruit
utensil made from it
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.


text:
Night & Day Furniture Clove Chair
Special Offer:
24 Issues of Better Homes and Gardens
Included with your purchase - a $10 value (Subscription and Rebate Info)
Night & Day Furniture Clove Chair
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Chair Design: Side chair
|Frame Finish: White
|Hardware Finish: Black and/or brass
|Gloss Finish: Yes
|Frame Material: Wood
|Hardware Material: Metal
|Solid Wood Construction: Yes
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Seating Comfort: Firm
|Removable Seat Cushion: No
|Removable Back Cushion: No
|Slipcovered: No
|Ottoman Available: No
|Toss Pillows Included: No
|Convertible Positions: No
|Style: Traditional
|Rocker: No
|Swivel: No
|Stackable: No
|Arms Included: No
|Legs Included: Yes
|Nailhead Trim: No
|Hand Painted: No
|Country of Manufacture: Malaysia
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Tools Needed: Screwdriver/Allen wrench
|Additional Parts Required: No
|Product Warranty: 5 years
About the ManufacturerWith 12 years experience in the futon industry from delivery and set up, to sales and buying, Mike Gallawa began Night & Day Furniture. His goal: to solve all the issues that plague the words "futon frame". Things such as difficulty converting from sofa to bed, barrel nuts that never line up, and having your face on the floor to connect the seat to the back. Then, everyone's favorite, the dreaded hardware pack full of lots tiny pieces and parts. Just when you think you're ready to assemble, you open the box, and a hundred wooden parts fall out onto the floor from end caps to slat supports, frame stops to rollers. At this point, you're saying a prayer that at least one of each correct part is there. It's enough to make one's head spin. p Night and Day has solved this problem. They have created one of the most easily assembled futons available, and it's easy to adjust too!
Night & Day Furniture Clove Chair
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Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review
OUR SKU # ND1882Clove Chair is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: CCH-KEY-WH


text:
576 Palatine, IL Fencing and Gate Professionals
Freeman Fence Inc (800) 495-0485
Freeman Fence is a family owned and operated business. Roger Freeman has been in the fence industry for 20 years. We are a member of the AFA (American fence Association), BBB... Read More
List your business here for free - Learn More


text:
All articles by Bill DeLapp
The Last Picture Show
Entertainment analyst Bill DeLapp bids farewell to Cinefest, which fades to black after a 35-year run
For 35 years the Syracuse Cinephile Society's annual Cinefest confab has put the spotlight on examples of forgotten celluloid from Tinseltown's silent and early sound eras. But all good things must come to an end, as Cinefest takes its final bow on Thursday, March 19, through Sunday, March 22, at Liverpool's Holiday Inn, 441 Electronics Parkway.
Talk of the Town
Bill DeLapp interviews the voice of SpongeBob, Tom Kenny
Cartoon voice Tom Kenny discusses the new SpongeBob movie, memories of East Syracuse and more with entertainment analyst Bill DeLapp
Corruption Fuels 'A Most Violent Year'
A Manhattan Crime Story by writer-director J.C. Chandor
Set during New York City's winter of 1981, writer-director J.C. Chandor's urban drama A Most Violent Year earns its title from some sobering statistics: The not-so-Fun City served as a troubling backdrop for rapes, robberies and more than 2,100 murders before the year ended.
Salt City-Bred Moviemaker Hosts His New Flick
'Isn't It Delicious' screens on Friday, Dec. 12 at Eastwood's Palace Theatre
A plume of cigarette smoke wafts provocatively through the air during the opening seconds of Isn't It Delicious, perhaps signaling that a film noir work is about to commence. Yet that puff comes from just one of the many cigarettes chain-smoked by Joan Weldon (Kathleen Chalfant), who likes her coffin nails with the filter tips defiantly ripped off.
Cinematic Seasonings
Movie maniac Bill DeLapp runs down the yuletide's list of upcoming releases
Everything usually gets bunched up as the movie year comes to a close, and 2014 is no different. Family-friendly flicks, which have been in short supply for much of the year, are coming out in full force to greet kids getting out of school. And there is plenty of Oscar bait in the pipeline, as studios wait until the final weeks to push out features that could have award-winning potential.
Local Filmmaker Pays Eloquent Homage in My Brother and Me
Screening on Friday, Nov. 14, at Eastwood's Palace Theatre
Baldwinsville resident Evan Schoeberlein suffered from the bone tumor disease Ewing's sarcoma, passing away at age 25 in July 2008. Local audiences will get to honor his memory thanks to a movie directed by his younger brother Marc Schoeberlein, 25, during the world premiere of the docudrama My Brother and Me on Friday, Nov. 14, at Eastwood's Palace Theatre.
Cortland Rep's Breezy Summer 2015 Slate
Cortland Repertory Theatre's 2015 Season
Light fare is on the summertime menu for Cortland Repertory Theatre's 2015 spritzy sixpack of selections, with nary a naval-gazing dramarama in sight.
Laggies: Slackerness in Seattle
A comedy from director Lynn Shelton
Wearing its sweetly oddball charm like a badge of honor, Laggies concerns a 28-year-old Seattle miss named Megan (Keira Knightley) who hasn't quite got the hang of adulthood. Megan's not quite a slacker (OK, so she's still a sign twirler for her tax adviser dad, played by Jeff Garlin), but she definitely has some emotional lag time compared to the rest of her gang.
A Visit with Vilmos Zsigmond
Vilmos Zsigmond will speak on Tuesday, Nov. 11, 7:30 p.m.
It's not every day when an Academy Award-winning cinematographer visits Central New York. So it will be a special occasion indeed for a visit from Hungary's Vilmos Zsigmond, who will appear as part of the Syracuse International Film Festival's ongoing "FilmTalks" series on Tuesday, Nov. 11, at Le Moyne College.
Scene at the SALT Awards
Candid Photos from the SALT Awards
The 10th Annual SALT Awards (Syracuse Area Live Theater) took place at Syracuse Stage on Sunday, October 26. Syracuse New Times Associate Editor Bill DeLapp was on hand to capture some candid moments throughout the evening.


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Houston Press
Menu of Menus® 2015
Tuesday, March 31, 2015
7:00 pm - 10:00 pm
Silver Street Station
1500 Silver Street
Houston, TX 77007
Houston Press is excited to host the 13th Annual Menu of Menus® Extravaganza on Tuesday, March 31, 2015 from 7PM–10PM at 1500 Silver Street.
The Menu of Menus® Extravaganza presented by Stella Artois is one of Houston's largest food & wine events featuring over 40 area restaurants alongside wine, beer and spirit sampling.
The event will also feature the 4th Annual Iron Fork Chef Competition presented by Whole Foods Market. The Iron Fork competition will showcase two of Houston's most popular up and coming chefs as they face off in a head-to-head cooking competition that will be judged by local area celebrities. The winning chef will receive the "Iron Fork" award and bragging rights for the next year! During the exciting cooking competition, guests will enjoy cocktails, live music, and food sampling from a number of the city's best restaurants. Ticket price includes food and drinks for the evening.
General Admission Tickets: $40 – $60
VIP Admission Tickets: $80 – $100
VIP includes:
Includes entry into the event 1 hour earlier than general admission (entry at 6pm), complimentary valet (until 6:30pm).
Watch last year's Menu of Menus® Extravaganza Video
Houston Press Menu of Menus® Extravaganza 2015
Tuesday, March 31, 2015 7PM – 10PM
1500 Silver Street
Houston, TX 77007
All Guests must be 21+, with a Valid I.D.


text:
StartUpHire is the place to find Development Tools Engineer jobs. Review the list of Development Tools Engineer career opportunities to the left. These Development Tools Engineer jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
You can refine your job search for Development Tools Engineer career opportunities by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options.
Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Development Tools Engineer jobs, or sign up for an email alert (link below) to receive periodic updates on new Development Tools Engineer jobs.
Work Market is powering the freelance economy. We help businesses find, manage and pay their freelancers from a single platform. By 2020, more than 50% of the U.S. workforce will spend time as independent workers. Our software is transforming the multi-tr3/27/2015 New York City, NY Save This Job
Build/Tools Engineer, UnityAre you passionate about making sure game development has all the right tools and processes it needs If so, our Build/Tools Engineer position might be right for you We're looking for a motivated engineer to join ourSan Francisco, CA Save This Job
The Server Tools group is responsible for developing automation tools for GREE's infrastructure operations. You will be building, implementing, and improving infrastructure automation tools used to power our cloud infrastructure. This is a hands-onSan Francisco, CA Save This Job
MongoDB is looking for a Web Tools Engineer to be responsible for developing the various websites and internal tools used at MongoDB. These applications are critical to the success of our rapidly growing company, and define the MongoDB experience. Responsibilities Define and1/31/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
As a Software Tools Engineer at PHT, you will work as part of the development team in the Service Delivery Organization. Service Delivery is responsible for developing and successfully delivering project specific highly interactive applications for clinical research data1/25/2015 Boston, MA Save This Job
Job Number:003782 Job Title:Development Systems Engineer Number of Openings:1 Job Type (Employment Type):Direct Hire Country:United States State/Province:Illinois City:Chicago Job Schedule:Full Time Level of Education:Four-Year Degree Years of Experience:5 Position3/23/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Roles/Responsibilites: As the lead support engineer, you will be lead our customer support efforts, as well as perform QA on our Hadoop large-scale data platform. We are looking for people that have: Minimum Requirements: Experience performing QA and debugging software (huge2/23/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
Location: Portland, OR, United StatesApply ABOUT JIVE SOFTWARE Jive Software is the leading provider of modern communication and collaboration solutions for business. Our products empower people and organizations to work better together, using technology that adapts to their2/14/2015 Portland, OR Save This Job
Xoom Corporation, one of the fastest growing digital money transfer companies in the world, is revolutionizing the international money transfer market by providing people with an easy, convenient and cost-effective means of sending money worldwide. We are seeking a Development1/31/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
RESPONSIBILITIES: Perform functional, regression, load and integration tests. Document test cases, test plans, and other related correspondence. Setup test environments. Review engineering and product documentation. Audit requirements, help files and online product2/2/2015 San Diego, CA Save This Job
Xoom Corporation (Nasdaq: XOOM), one of the fastest growing digital money transfer companies in the world is revolutionizing the international money transfer market by providing people with an easy, convenient and cost-effective means of sending money worldwide. We offer a1/31/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
DESCRIPTION Tools Engineers at Famo.us work on a wide array of challenges including building custom tools for our other engineers, and creating new components for engines that power the content, analytics and engines inside Famo.us. We are looking for versatile, street-smart1/31/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
SAN FRANCISCOENGINEERINGFULL TIME Famo.us is looking for a DevOps engineer to help us be more efficient and scale as a team. The Famo.us front end framework is going to be supported by various cloud services, and you'll help make sure those are managed in a sane, reliable and3/2/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
We are looking for a software engineer who loves to design and develop software that is revolutionizing how developers write applications.1/26/2015 Bellevue, WA Save This Job
Overview: Newgistics is looking for a Software Development Engineer who will be responsible for test planning, test execution, test automation and software configuration management for scalable enterprise-level system software applications. Responsibilities: Design, develop,3/20/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
Overview: The Facility Logistics Engineer is responsible for the development and deployment of operational metrics, reporting infrastructures, quality management tools, and processes to optimize the cost and performance for the Hebron, KY facility. This position will also be3/20/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
We're looking for an innovative engineer interested in building and enhancing the components that our advertising platform relies on. As a DevOps Senior Software Engineer, you will be responsible for leading the design and implementation of im3/24/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
We're looking for an innovative engineer interested in building and enhancing the components that our advertising platform relies on. As a DevOps Senior Software Engineer, you will be responsible for leading the design and implementation of im3/24/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Quantcast is hiring an engineer to develop and support its internal cloud, build, and tools infrastructure. The ideal candidate thrives on helping others while is a competent engineer with operations experience.3/5/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
We're looking for a Senior/Principal-level Engineer to lead our efforts leveraging data warehousing to provide the company with a clean, consistent and comprehensive view of our business. Quantcast is a fundamentally data-driven company, and we view3/28/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job


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What can I use to paint glazed ceramic?
I want to change the color or a glazed ceramic pot. What kind of paint can I use that will stick?
Here are two that I have used:
'pebeo' Porcelaine, it is made for china, terra cotta etc and is baked in a regular oven and it adhears well. I have used it over glazes;
The second one, Createx airbrush colors, if the surface has a light color and is not smooth. This ends up being transparent and only changes the color already there.
I bought both at Michaels. I am guessing you can do a search and find out where else they are available.
I have never used them over a large area. I am a sculptor and have used them to add accents or change a small color area without re-firing the whole piece.
zenpotter, would these materials stand up to use in a wet environment, say in a bathroom as a tub and shower surround? Or should they be kept in dry environments? Thanks.
I have done this on glazed ceramic pieces. I get some fine grit sandpaper and
rough up the glazed surface. Then I paint over it with regular ceramic
paint which needs to be fired in a kiln. I refire the piece and it has
FlyLeft, sorry I hadn't looked at the forum for quite awhile. I have never used them in a wet place. I have only used them for a touch up on a sculptural piece that I didn't want to refire. The Porcelaine says it is dishwasher safe. I wouldn't start off with a big project like a tub surround.
Are you planning on buying already fired tiles and adding to them? Have you tried talking to someone at one of the paint it yourself ceramic places? They may be able to answer your question. Or experiment by painting some tiles and run them through the dishwasher several times.
What I have done in the past is to spray the item with Krylon porcelain finish. Then you can paint it with regular Michaels paints. After the paints are really dry, spray again with the matte glaze mentioned above. If you want a high gloss, you can spray the matte glaze with high gloss.
Go to this website for an easy method of painting over glazed pots.
There is a product called spray stone .Krylon and Valspar both make a version of it. I have used the Krylon and it will stick to absolutely anything , even glass. It has a textured matte finish and comes in quite a few colors. If you wanted to cover chips, cracks, embossing or raised designs or even a noticeable repair job, this is the product to use. If you want a different color or a gloss finish, just paint over the spray stone as paint adheres well to it. It is a very durable finish and you do not need to prep the surface. Costs under five dollars a can and covers a lot of area.


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This invention pertains to an ink set for inkjet printing, in particular to an ink set comprising at least one ink containing a self-dispersing pigment colorant and a fixer fluid containing copper salt. The invention also pertains to a method of inkjet printing with this ink set.
1. An inkjet ink set comprising:
a first ink comprising a self-dispersing pigment colorant dispersed in a first aqueous vehicle; and
a fixing fluid comprising a soluble copper salt in a second aqueous vehicle.
2. The ink set of
3. The ink set of
4. The ink set of
5. The ink set of
6. The ink set of
7. The ink set of
8. The ink set of
9. The ink set of
10. A method of inkjet printing a substrate comprising the steps of jetting an ink set onto a substrate, the ink set comprising:
a first ink comprising a self-dispersing pigment colorant dispersed in a first aqueous vehicle; and
a fixing fluid comprising a soluble copper salt in a second aqueous vehicle.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. �119 from U.S. Provisional Application Serial Nos. 60/440,493 (filed Jan. 16, 2003) and 60/449,760 (filed Feb. 25, 2003), both of which are incorporated by reference herein as if fully set forth.
[0002] This invention pertains to an ink set for inkjet printing, in particular to an ink set comprising at least one ink containing a self-dispersing pigment colorant and a fixer fluid containing copper salt. The invention also pertains to a method of inkjet printing with this ink set.
[0003] Inkjet printing is a non-impact printing process in which droplets of ink are deposited on print media, such as paper, to form the desired image. The droplets are ejected from a printhead in response to electrical signals generated by a microprocessor.
[0004] Both dyes and pigments have been used as colorants for inkjet inks. While dyes are typically easier to formulate compared to pigments, they tend to fade quickly and are more prone to rub off. Inks comprising pigments dispersed in aqueous media are advantageously superior to inks using water-soluble dyes in water-fastness and light-fastness of printed images.
[0005] Pigments suitable for aqueous inkjet inks are in general well-known in the art. Traditionally, pigments were stabilized by dispersing agents, such as polymeric dispersants or surfactants, to produce a stable dispersion of the pigment in the vehicle. More recently though, so-called �self-dispersible� or �self-dispersing� pigments (hereafter �SDP�) have been developed. As the name would imply, SDPs are dispersible in water without dispersants.
[0006] SDPs are often advantageous over traditional dispersant stabilized pigments from the standpoint of greater stability and lower viscosity at the same pigment loading. This can provide greater formulation latitude in final ink.
[0007] One disadvantage of inkjet printers is the relatively slow speed compared to, for example, laser printers. The slow speeds are due in large part to the relatively slow dry time of inkjet inks as well as slow-down due to bleed control algorithms in the printer software.
[0008] Among the proposed solutions to faster print speeds is the formulation of inks for �fast drying� by inclusion of ingredients such as surfactants or other penetrants. These ingredients can indeed improve dry times and in certain formulations reduce bleed, but edge acuity and optical density usually suffer.
[0009] In order to get the ink to dry fast the vehicle has to absorb rapidly into the paper. The vehicle also carries the colorant further into the paper resulting in lower OD and higher strike-through. Self-dispersed pigments alleviate the problem to some extent as they �crash� or precipitate sooner than conventionally dispersed pigments and so are not carried as far into the paper. However there is still a significant drop in OD when using a penetrating vehicle.
[0010] A fixing solution applied prior to the ink can be used to precipitate the pigment in a pigmented ink, increasing OD. But this leads to a noticeable drop in rub fastness because the pigment remains close to the surface and is more susceptible to abrasion. Addition of polymer binder can improve rub-fastness but tends to decrease OD, presumably because it helps shield the pigment from the effect of the fixer.
[0011] Ideally, therefore, it would seem that ink/fixer combinations could give high OD and good rub-fastness in systems where the ink vehicle is highly penetrating (fast drying).
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 5,746,818 discloses the combination of ink and reaction solution wherein the ink contains SDP and a certain glycol ether, and the reaction solution contains a cationic material or salt.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 6,450,632 discloses the combination of ink and underprinting fixing fluid wherein the ink contains a macromolecular chromophore (SDP) having a zeta potential of 100-900 millivolts, and the fluid contains a cationic component.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 20020044185 discloses the combination of an ink and treatment fluid wherein the ink contains an SDP and a pigment with polymeric dispersant, and the fluid contains a multivalent metal ion.
[0015] EP1258510 discloses the combination of ink and fixing fluid wherein the ink contains dye or pigment and an effective amount of polyvinyl(alcohol-acetate), and the fixing fluid contains a fixing agent which gels the polyvinyl(alcohol-acetate).
[0016] The aforementioned disclosures are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
[0017] A need still exists for improved inkjet ink sets that allow increased print speeds while maintaining good print quality.
[0018] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inkjet ink set comprising:
[0019] a first ink comprising a self-dispersing pigment colorant dispersed in a first aqueous vehicle; and
[0020] a fixing fluid comprising a soluble copper salt in a second aqueous vehicle.
[0021] Preferably, the ink set comprises, in addition to the fixing fluid, at least two differently colored aqueous inks, and more preferably at least four differently colored aqueous inks (such as CMYK), at least one of the colored inks being a first ink as described above and, more preferably, wherein the colorants in the colored inks comprise pigments.
[0022] Also preferably the self-dispersing pigment colorant in the first ink comprises a self-dispersing carbon black pigment, and/or the first ink further comprises a soluble polymer binder.
[0023] Also preferably the fixing fluid when printed leaves no visible marking, and/or is substantially colorless.
[0024] Also preferably the first ink comprises an effective amount of a multivalent cation.
[0025] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of inkjet printing a substrate comprising the steps of jetting an ink set onto a substrate, the ink set comprising the ink set as set forth above.
[0026] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of inkjet printing a substrate comprising the steps of:
[0027] jetting onto an area of the substrate, in an area fill, a fixing fluid comprising a soluble copper salt in a second aqueous vehicle; and
[0028] jetting onto at least a portion of the area fill of the fixing fluid, a first ink comprising a self-dispersing pigment colorant dispersed in a first aqueous vehicle.
[0029] Preferably the fixing fluid is jetted onto the substrate before the first ink. Further, the area fill of the fixing fluid is preferably less than the area fill of the first ink, more preferably substantially less. Further, it is preferred that areas of the substrate covered with the fixing fluid are subsequently substantially covered by the first ink, that is, substantially no uncovered fixing fluid.
[0030] These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description. It is to be appreciated that certain features of the invention which are, for clarity, described above and below in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any sub-combination. In addition, references in the singular may also include the plural (for example, �a� and �an� may refer to one, or one or more) unless the context specifically states otherwise.
[0031] According to the present invention, an ink comprising a pigment, aqueous vehicle and, optionally, soluble binder and possibly other additives and adjuvants well-known in the relevant art, is applied to a substrate in combination with a fixer (fixing) fluid comprising a soluble copper salt. Preferably, the fixer fluid is applied to the substrate first and then the ink is printed on top of the applied fixer. As described herein after, the fixer fluid need not fill the entire printed area to be effective. In fact, the area filled by the fixer can be a fraction of the area covered by the ink, as discussed in further detail below.
[0032] Colorant
[0033] The colorant in the inks of present invention comprises a pigment. By definition, pigments do not form (to a significant degree) a solution in the aqueous vehicle and must be dispersed.
[0034] The pigment colorants in the first ink(s) of the present invention are more specifically self-dispersing pigments. SDPs are surface modified with dispersibility imparting groups to allow stable dispersion without separate dispersant. For dispersion in aqueous vehicle, the surface modification involves addition of hydrophilic groups and most typically ionizable hydrophilic groups. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,739, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,311, U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,671, U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,198, U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,016, U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,432, U.S. Pat. No. 5,718,746, U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,562, U.S. Pat. No. 5,749,950, U.S. Pat. No. 5,803,959, U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,045, U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,307, U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,280, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,447, U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,335, U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,522, U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,118, U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,419, U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,233, U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,384, U.S. Pat. No. 6,099,632, U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,759, U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,001, U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,141, U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,142, U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,143, U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,183, U.S. Pat. No. 6,281,267, U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,446, U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,919, U.S. Pat. No. 6,375,317, U.S. Pat. No. 2001/0035110, EP-A-1086997, EP-A-1114851, EP-A-1158030, EP-A-1167471, EP-A-1122286, WO01/10963, WO01/25340 and WO01/94476, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
[0035] The SDP colorant can be further defined by its ionic character. Anionic SDP yields, in aqueous medium, particles with anionic surface charge. Conversely, cationic SDP yields, in aqueous medium, particles with cationic surface charge. Particle surface charge can be imparted, for example, by attaching groups with anionic or cationic moieties to the particle surface. The SDP of the present invention are preferably anionic.
[0036] Anionic moieties attached to the anionic SDP surface can be any suitable anionic moiety but are preferably (I) or (II):
[0037] wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of conjugate acids of organic bases; alkali metal ions; �onium� ions such as ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium ions; and substituted �onium� ions such as tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkyl phosphonium and trialkyl sulfonium ions; or any other suitable cationic counterion. Useful anionic moieties also include phosphates and phosphonates. Most preferred are type I (�carboxylate�) anionic moieties.
[0038] Also preferred is a degree of functionalization wherein the density of anionic groups is less than about 3.5 μmoles per square meter of pigment surface (3.5 μmol/m2), more preferably less than about 3.0 μmol/m2. Degrees of functionaliztion of less than about 1.8 μmol/m2, and even less than about 1.5 μmol/m2, are also suitable and may be preferred for certain specific types of SDP's. As used above and otherwise herein, �degree of functionalization� refers to the amount of hydrophilic groups present on the surface of the SDP per unit surface area, measured in accordance with the method described further herein.
[0039] Related to the surface treatment, the zeta potential is preferably less than about 120 millivolts and more preferably less than about 100 millivolts.
[0040] Carboxylated anionic SDP species include those described, for example, in previously incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,311, U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,671 and WO01/94476; and, sulfonated (type II) SDPs include those described, for example, in previously incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,331, U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,419 and EP-A-1146090.
[0041] It is desirable to use small colorant particles for maximum color strength and good jetting. The particle size may generally be in the range of from about 0.005 micron to about 15 microns, is typically in the range of from about 0.005 to about 1 micron, is preferably from about 0.005 to about 0.5 micron, and is more preferably in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.3 micron.
[0042] The levels of SDPs employed in the instant inks are those levels that are typically needed to impart the desired OD to the printed image. Typically, SDP levels are in the range of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the ink.
[0043] The SDPs may be black, such as those based on carbon black, or may be colored pigments such as those based on PB 15:3 and 15:4 cyan, PR 122 and 123 magenta, and PY 128 and 74 yellow.
[0044] The SDPs may be prepared by grafting a functional group or a molecule containing a functional group onto the surface of the pigment, or by physical treatment (such as vacuum plasma), or by chemical treatment (for example, oxidation with ozone, hypochlorous acid or the like). A single type or a plurality of types of hydrophilic functional groups may be bonded to one pigment particle. The type and the degree functionalization may be properly determined by taking into consideration, for example, dispersion stability in ink, color density, and drying properties at the front end of an ink jet head. Further details may be found by reference to the numerous publications incorporated above.
[0045] In one preferred embodiment, the hydrophilic functional group(s) on the SDP are primarily carboxyl groups, or a combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups; even more preferably the hydrophilic functional groups on the SDP are directly attached and are primarily carboxyl groups, or a combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl.
[0046] Preferred pigments in which the hydrophilic functional group(s) are directly attached may be produced, for example, by a method described in previously incorporated WO01/94476. Carbon black treated by the method described in this publication has a high surface active hydrogen content which is neutralized with base to provide very stable dispersions in water. Application of this method to colored pigments is also possible.
[0047] Multivalent Cation
[0048] The first ink(s) used in accordance with this invention can advantageously. comprise an effective amount of one or more multivalent cations. The effective amounts needed in a particular situation can vary, and some adjustment will generally be necessary.
[0049] The multivalent cations can be added in an �effective amount�, or the total amount of multivalent cation(s) in the first ink(s) can be adjusted to an �effective amount� such that the optical density of the printed ink is greater with said adjusted level of multivalent cation(s), and/or the stability of said aqueous inkjet ink is enhanced, as compared to without said adjusted level.
[0050] As used above and otherwise herein, an �effective amount� of a multivalent cation is an amount required to achieve an improvement of the optical density of the printed ink. In the context of simply adding a multivalent cation, the improvement is compared to an ink without the presence of the multivalent cation. In the context of adjusting the amount of multivalent cation, the improvement is compared to the unadjusted level of the multivalent cation.
[0051] �Multivalent� indicates an oxidation state of two or more and, for an element �Z�, are typically described as Z2+, Z3+, Z4+ and so forth. For brevity, multivalent cations may be referred to herein as Zx. The multivalent cations are preferably soluble in the aqueous ink vehicle and preferably exist in a substantially ionized state. The multivalent cations should be in a form where they are free and available to interact with ink components, in particular the SDP. A multivalent cation in unavailable form, for example Zx tightly bound as a refractory oxide, is not considered a multivalent cation for the purposes of this invention.
[0052] Zx includes, but is not limited to multivalent cations of the following elements: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Pb. In one preferred embodiment, the multivalent cation comprises at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn. In yet another preferred embodiment, the multivalent cation comprises at least one of Ba, Ru, Co, Zn and Ga. In another preferred embodiment, Zx comprises a trivalent cation. In yet another preferred embodiment, Zx comprises Ca.
[0053] Zx can be incorporated into ink by addition in a salt form or by addition in an alkaline form and used as a base in the adjustment of the ink pH. As with any dispersion, especially one that is ionically stabilized, the presence of large amounts of Zx can be destabilizing. The effective levels of Zx for the instant inks are below that which cause instability or other problems.
[0054] There is no particular lower limit of Zx, although minimum levels contemplated by the instant invention are levels greater than trace or incidental amounts. Generally, there is at least about 2 ppm, commonly at least about 4 ppm, and even 10 ppm or more of multivalent in the ink. Likewise, there is no particular upper limit except as dictated by stability or other ink properties. At some level, though, there is no additional OD gain with increasing Zx. In some cases, too much Zx may cause the OD to decrease again. In general, beneficial effects are achieved with less than about 200 ppm of Zx, and typically even less than about 100 ppm.
[0055] Although the preceding discussion of Zx in terms of weight percent is provided for the sake of simple, concrete guidance, the appropriate levels of multivalent cations are related in a more complex way to factors such as molar equivalents, atomic weight and valence state; and also, to the amount SDP in the ink and its level of treatment.
[0056] Further details concerning the use of multivalent cations in inks such as the first ink(s) can be found, for example, in commonly owned U.S. Ser. No. 10/447,932 (filed 29 May 2003, and claiming priority from U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/386,377, filed 6 Jun. 2002), the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth.
[0057] When using a multivalent cation in the first ink(s) in combination with the fixing fluid, the amount of Cu in the fixing fluid may in certain circumstances actually be reduced, which has advantages for jettability. In addition, this combination may in certain circumstances allow for the reduction in pigment loading of the first ink while still achieving exceptionally high OD values.
[0058] Vehicle
[0059] �Aqueous vehicle� refers to water or a mixture of water and at least one water-soluble organic solvent (co-solvent). Selection of a suitable mixture depends on requirements of the specific application, such as desired surface tension and viscosity, the selected colorant, drying time of the ink, and the type of substrate onto which the ink will be printed. Representative examples of water-soluble organic solvents that may be selected are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,698 (the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth).
[0060] If a mixture of water and a water-soluble solvent is used, the aqueous vehicle typically will contain about 30% to about 95% water with the balance (i.e., about 70% to about 5%) being the water-soluble solvent. Preferred compositions contain about 60% to about 95% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous vehicle.
[0061] The amount of aqueous vehicle in the ink is typically in the range of about 70% to about 99.8%, and preferably about 80% to about 99.8%, based on total weight of the ink.
[0062] The aqueous vehicle can be made to be fast penetrating (rapid drying) by including surfactants or penetrating agents such as glycol ethers and 1,2-alkanediols. Glycol ethers include ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-1-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n- propyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether. 1,2-Alkanediols are preferably 1,2-C4-6 alkanediols, most preferably 1,2-hexanediol. Suitable surfactants include ethoxylated acetylene diols (e.g. Surfynols� series from Air Products), ethoxylated primary (e.g. Neodol� series from Shell) and secondary (e.g. Tergitol� series from Union Carbide) alcohols, sulfosuccinates (e.g. Aerosol� series from Cytec), organosilicones (e.g. Silwet� series from Witco) and fluoro surfactants (e.g. Zonyl� series from DuPont).
[0063] The amount of glycol ether(s) and 1,2-alkanediol(s) added must be properly determined, but is typically in the range of from about 1 to about 15% by weight and more typically about 2 to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink. Surfactants may be used, typically in the amount of about 0.01 to about 5% and preferably about 0.2 to about 2%, based on the total weight of the ink.
[0064] Binder
[0065] Binders, if used, can be soluble or dispersed polymer(s). They can be any suitable polymer, for example, soluble polymers may include linear homopolymers, copolymers or block polymers, they also can be structured polymers including graft or branched polymers, stars, dendrimers, etc. The dispersed polymers can include latexes, polyurethane dispersions, etc. The polymers may be made by any known process including but not limited to free radical, group transfer, ionic, RAFT, condensation and other types of polymerization.
[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the binder polymers are linear and soluble in the vehicle. Preferably the number average molecular weight (Mn) is in the range of 1,000 to 20,000, more preferably 1,000 to 10,000 and most preferably 2,000 to 6,000. These soluble polymers are preferably ionic polymers, preferably anionic polymers with ionizable acid groups. The preferred acid content is between about 0.65 and about 2.9 milliequivalents per gram of polymer, and the most preferred being between about 0.90 and about 1.75 milliequivalents per gram of polymer. All polymers may also contain monomers that have hydrophilic groups including, but not limited to, hydroxyls, amides, and ethers.
[0067] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the soluble binder polymer is comprised substantially of monomers of (meth)acrylic acid and/or derivatives thereof, and the preferred Mn is between about 4000 to about 6000.
[0068] When present, soluble polymer is advantageously used at levels, based on the final weight of ink, of at least 0.3%and preferably at least about 0.6%. Upper limits are dictated by ink viscosity or other physical limitations. In a preferred embodiment, no more than about 3% soluble polymer is present in the ink, and even more preferably no more than about 2%, based on the total weight of the ink.
[0069] Other Ingredients
[0070] Other ingredients may be formulated into the inkjet ink, to the extent that such other ingredients do not interfere with the stability and jetablity of the ink, which may be readily determined by routine experimentation. Such other ingredients are in a general sense well known in the art.
[0071] Biocides may be used to inhibit growth of microorganisms.
[0072] Inclusion of sequestering (or chelating) agents such as ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CyDTA), dethylenetriamine-N,N,N′, N″, N″-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and glycoletherdiamine-N,N,N′, N′-tetraacetic acid (GEDTA), and salts thereof, may be advantageous, for example, to eliminate deleterious effects of heavy metal impurities.
[0073] Ink Properties
[0074] Jet velocity, separation length of the droplets, drop size and stream stability are greatly affected by the surface tension and the viscosity of the ink. Pigmented ink jet inks typically have a surface tension in the range of about 20 dyne/cm to about 70 dyne/cm at 25� C. Viscosity can be as high as 30 cP at 25� C., but is typically somewhat lower. The ink has physical properties compatible with a wide range of ejecting conditions, i.e., driving frequency of the piezo element, or ejection conditions for a thermal head, for either a drop-on-demand device or a continuous device, and the shape and size of the nozzle. The inks should have excellent storage stability for long periods so as not clog to a significant extent in an ink jet apparatus. Further, the ink should not corrode parts of the ink jet printing device it comes in contact with, and it should be essentially odorless and non-toxic.
[0075] Although not restricted to any particular viscosity range or printhead, the inventive ink set is particularly suited to lower viscosity applications such as those required by thermal printheads. Thus the viscosity (at 25� C.) of the inventive inks and fixer can be less than about 7 cps, is preferably less than about 5 cps, and most advantageously is less than about 3.5 cps. Thermal inkjet actuators rely on instantaneous heating/bubble formation to eject ink drops and this mechanism of drop formation generally requires inks of lower viscosity.
[0076] Fixing Fluid
[0077] A fixing fluid is an �ink� with fixing agent, but not necessarily colorant. The fixing agent in fixing fluid of the instant invention is a soluble copper compound. The fixing fluid is preferably jetted from an inkjet printhead. For the purposes of this invention, the fixing fluid is considered part of the �ink set� although, for sake of convenience and clarity, the term �ink� will generally be used herein to indicate an ink with colorant but no fixing agent. The fixing fluid can, if desired, contain colorant, but that may limit the application to the fixation of black ink only. Preferably, the fixing fluid contains substantially no colorant, or is substantially clear. Also, preferably, the fixing fluid can be printed on the substrate and leave no visible marking.
[0078] The fixing fluid contains an �effective amount� of the soluble copper salt which, as used above and otherwise herein, is an amount required to achieve an improvement in OD and/or rub-fastness as compared to an ink set without the presence of the fixer. The concentration of copper, preferably divalent copper (Cu2+), in the fixer fluid is preferably at least 0.05 mole/L, more preferably at least 0.1 mole/L, and still more preferably at least 0.3 mole/L. The upper limit of the concentration will generally be dictated by practical considerations as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art such as, for example, the preference that the fixer fluid is substantially colorless and/or leaves no visible marking on the printed substrate.
[0079] The copper is preferably a copper salt, most preferably a copper salt with high solubility in the fixer vehicle. Suitable copper salts include, but are not limited to, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper acetate and the like.
[0080] The fixer is preferably formulated for high spread and quick penetration and drying. To achieve these properties, surfactants and/or penetrating solvents will typically be employed. The surface tension is preferably less than about 40 mN/m.
[0081] The fixer will typically be deposited on the substrate before the ink, and preferably substantially only in areas subsequently printed with colored ink. The area covered by the fixer (area fill) need not, however, entirely fill the area printed with colored ink. Also, the ink need not fall (entirely) on top of the fixer. The area fill of unprinted fixer can be, and preferably is, substantially less than the area fill of overprinted ink. The need for only a small amount of fixer area fill is highly advantageous as this decreases the liquid load the substrate must handle. High liquid load can result in cockle or curl of paper substrate.
[0082] Preferably, the fixing fluid is applied at an area fill of less than about 60% of the area fill of the first ink, more preferably less than about 40% of such area fill, and even more preferably less than about 30% of such area fill.
[0083] Substrate
[0084] The instant invention is particularly advantageous for printing on plain paper such as common electrophotographic copier paper.
[0085] Preparation of Dispersion 1
[0086] Carbon black (S-160 from Degussa, surface area 150 m2/g) was oxidized with ozone according to the process described in WO01/94476 and neutralized with LIOH. After recovery, a 16.6 weight percent dispersion of self-dispersing carbon black pigment in water was obtained with a viscosity of 3.5 cps (25� C.). The median particle size was 110 nm and the acid number (degree of functionalization) was 3.3 μmol/m2. The degree of functionalization, as measured, was slightly above the target level of <3.0 μmol/m2.
[0087] The degree of functionalization (acid value) of this SDP (and others in these examples made by the process according to WO01/94476) was determined by the equivalent moles of base required to neutralize the treated pigment to a pH of 7. As the surface hydrophilic groups are substantially all acidic, the acid value also equals the degree of functionalization.
[0088] Equivalent moles of base can be determined by titration or, in the case of inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides, by atomic absorption (AA) or Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis. Moles of base per gram of SDP is obtained and converted to μmol/m2 by dividing by the surface area of the pigment and adjusting the units appropriately. For accuracy, the neutralized sample must be free of contaminants, such as free acids or salts, which would interfere with the measurement.
[0089] Preparation of Dispersion 2
[0090] Pigment R122 (Clariant EWD) was oxidized with ozone according to the process described in WO01/94476. After recovery, a 14.6 weight percent dispersion of self-dispersing PR122 in water was obtained with a viscosity of 3.0 cps (25� C.). The median particle size was 118 nm.
[0091] Preparation of Dispersion 3
[0092] Carbon black (FW-18 from Degussa, surface area 260 m2/g) was oxidized with ozone according to the process described in WO01/94476. After recovery, a 17 weight percent dispersion of self-dispersing carbon black pigment in water was obtained with a viscosity of 6.4 cps (25� C.). The median particle size was 90 nm and the acid number (degree of functionalization) was less than 2.8 μmol/m2.
[0093] Preparation of Dispersion 4
[0094] Cabojet� 300 (a self-dispersing carbon black pigment from Cabot Corporation) was dispersed in water at 15 weight percent concentration.
[0095] Preparation of Dispersion 5
[0096] A polymer stabilized carbon black dispersion was prepared in a manner similar to example 3 in U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,085 except that soluble polymer binder 2, described hereinafter, was used as the dispersant.
[0097] Preparation of Soluble Polymer Binder 1
[0098] A 3-liter flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermocouple, N2 inlet, condenser, drop funnel and syringe pump. Tetrahydrofuran (950 g), 1,1-bis(trimethylsiloxy) 2-methyl propene (46.2 g) and tetrabutylammonium m-chlorobenzoate (2 g) was added into pot. Feed I (tetrahydrofuran (5 g) and tetrabutylammonium m-chlorobenzoate (0.8 g)) and Feed II (benzyl methacrylate (600 g), 2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate (312 g), ethyltriethyleneglycol methacrylate (100 g) and trimethylsilyl methacrylate (152 g)) were started at time 0 minutes. Feed I was added over 200 minutes. Feed II was added over 60 minutes. After 360 minutes 90 g of methanol was added to the pot. The pot was heated to reflux and 500 g were distilled. A solution of water (124 g) and dichloroacetic acid (0.2 g) were added to the pot and refluxed for 60 minutes. After refluxing, 725 g were distilled and 2-pyrrolidinone (889 g) was added. This synthesis produced a random acrylic polymer of 60 wt % benzyl methacrylate, 20 wt % 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 10 wt % ethyltriethyleneglycol methacrylate and 10 wt % methacrylic acid at a Mn of 5300. The final solution contained 52% polymer solids in 2-pyrrolidinone.
[0099] Preparation of Soluble Polymer Binder 2
[0100] A block copolymer of methacrylic acid//benzyl methacrylate//ethyltriethyleneglycol methacrylate was prepared in a manner similar to �preparation 4� described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,085, except the mole ratio of monomers was (13//15/14). Number average molecular weight was about 5,000 and weight average molecular weight was about 6,000 g/mol.
[0101] Preparation of Soluble Polymer Binder 3
[0102] A random copolymer of methacrylic acid/benzyl methacrylate/ethyltriethyleneglycol methacrylate/ (13/15/4 mole ratio) was made according to conventional polymerization techniques. Number average molecular weight was about 5,000 and weight average molecular weight was about 6,000 g/mol.
[0103] Preparation of Ink
[0104] The ink formulations are shown in the following tables. Values are in weight percent of the final weight. Pigment was added as the dispersion.
[0107] Preparation of Fixer Fluids
[0108] Fixer fluids were prepared by mixing ingredients together according to the following recipe.
[0109] Using this formulation, the following fixer fluids were prepared.
[0110] Fixers A1, C1, D1 and E1 each contain the same amount, on a molar basis, of their respective multivalent cation (0.15 mol/L). Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was Lupasol� FS from BASF. Proxel� GXL is a biocide from Avecia Corporation. Tergitol� 15-S-7 is a surfactant from Niacet Corporation.
[0111] Substrate
[0112] The following papers were used as substrate in print tests: Hammermill Copy Plus (HCP), Xerox 4024 (X4024) and Hewlett Packard office paper (Hpoff)
[0113] Measurement of Optical Density and Chroma
[0114] OD and Chroma was measured using a Greytag-Macbeth SpectroEye (Greytag-Macbeth AG, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Fixer and ink was printed with a Canon S750 printer. Print patterns were created in CorelDraw (Corel Corporation) and the software was also used to control the area fill of the fixer. Fixer was printed at the desired area fill and covered the entire page. The page was then re-fed to the printer and the ink was then printed (100% area fill) on top of the fixer. Typically there was a period of 3 to 5 seconds between printing the fixer and printing the ink. Extending this period to 24 hours made no significant difference to the change in OD obtained.
[0115] Measurement of Smear
[0116] Fixer and ink are printed as just described, but in this case, the ink pattern is a 4 mm-wide stripe. To determine smear, two strokes from a highlighter, one on top of the other, are drawn across the printed stripe. Suitable highlighter pens are available, for example, under the trademarks Hi-Liter� Highlighting Marker and Hi-Liter� Fluorescent Marker from Avery Dennison Corp. This process is carried out on different parts of the test pattern at 10 sec and 10 minutes after printing. The stripes are evaluated for smear-fastness by visual inspection according to the following scale�the best applicable ranking is applied.
[0117] Evaluation After 10 seconds:
[0118] Excellent�no smear after two strokes
[0119] Good�no smear after first stroke, slight smear after second stroke
[0120] Acceptable�slight smear after first stroke
[0121] Poor�Significant smear after first stroke.
[0122] This demonstrates the performance of inventive fixer D1 compared to otherfixers. The comparative divalent metal fixing agents in A1, B1 and C1 are present at the same molar level as the copper in D1. The fixer was printed at 50% area fill; the black ink is printed on top.
[0123] Optical density results show the inventive copper fixer gives consistently better (higher) OD than other fixers. The advantage is particularly great when binder is present in the ink (Inks B and C).
[0125] Smear results show use of fixer with SDP ink lacking in binder (Ink A) decreases smear resistance. Performance was improved by adding binder (Ink B) but, with fixers other than the inventive fixer, OD is substantially decreased. Advantageously, the inventive fixer was much less insensitive to binder, providing a means for achieving both high OD and smear resistance.
[0126] This demonstrates the advantages of the inventive fixer with a magenta SDP. Inventive fixer D1 with copper salt gave better (higher) OD and chroma compared to fixer F1 with calcium salt and PEI.
[0127] Provided is comparison of OD for various fixers at several different percent area fills.
[0128] Results show that the inventive fixer achieved the highest OD with the lowest area fill, most notably, when binder is employed in the ink (i.e. Ink B). Lower area fill is advantageous because it imposes less liquid load on the substrate. At fixer fills greater than 75%, paper curl was severe.
[0129] This demonstrates the effect of copper concentration and area fill. Fixer D1 was 0.15 mole/L and Fixer D2 was 0.30 mole/L copper fixer.
[0130] A very rapid boost in OD with low area fill can be achieved with the inventive fixer. The high solubility and low viscosity of the copper nitrate solution makes this possible. The concentration of fixing agent and the fixer area fill can be optimized to achieve the desired level of print quality enhancement with the least liquid load.
[0131] Further demonstration of the advantage (higher OD) of the inventive fixer (D1) compared to fixers A1, C1, G1, E1, and to no fixer. Fixer was applied at 50% area fill.
[0132] Ink K with polymer-stabilized pigment (non-SDP) is applied with various fixers. In this case, fixer D1 containing copper salt does not stand out as being substantially better than other fixers.
[0133] This example demonstrates the further advantage (higher OD) of formulating the SDP ink with multivalent cations and fixing the ink with the inventive fixer (D1).
[0134] Additional ink formulations were prepared by mixing ingredients together according to the following recipes. Fixer was applied at 50% area fill.
[0137] Ink formulated with multivalent metal salt (inks L2-L4) and paired with the inventive fixer gave higher optical density than similar ink (Ink L1) without salt. This effect is absent, or less pronounced, with other fixers. Especially advantageous is the combination of Ink L2 (added calcium salt) and the inventive fixer.
[0138] Ink with soluble binder 1 could also be formulated with added calcium salt (Ink M) and a boost in optical density was again achieved. Attempts to make analogous formulations with binder 1 and copper or aluminum salt failed to yield a stable ink.
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