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An apparatus for the chilling or freezing of items, particularly food items includes an entrance module, an exit module and may include one or more intermediate modules. Each module includes a portion of a belt for conveying items and a motor driven impeller for circulating a stream of cryogenic gas around the items. The velocity of the stream of cryogenic gas is increased through the use of one or more impingers creating impingement jets above and below the belt. The impinger may be a plate having a series of holes or it may be a series of channels. The impinger effects the rate of heat transfer from the cryogen to the items. A sprayer for spraying liquid cryogen into the impingement jets provides an immediate freezing of the surface of an item. A pneumatically actuated ball valve is used to vibrate the impingers to remove snow and ice on the impingers.
1. An apparatus for cooling or freezing food items comprising:
an entrance module having a top, bottom and four walls comprising:
an inlet through a first wall for introducing food items into the entrance module;
a belt for conveying the food items from the inlet through the entrance module;
an impeller for circulating vaporized liquid cryogen above and below the belt;
an impinger capable of directing said circulated vaporized cryogen into a plurality of impingement jets in the vicinity of the food items; and,
a sprayer for providing at least one stream of liquid cryogen into the impingement jets;
and an exit module having a top, bottom and four walls comprising:
a belt for conveying the food items conveyed through the entrance module through the exit module;
a divider baffle for conveying at least a portion of the vaporized cryogen from the entrance module;
an impeller for circulating said vaporized cryogen above and below the belt;
an impinger capable of directing said circulated vaporized cryogen into a plurality of impingement jets in the vicinity of the food items; and,
an outlet capable of allowing cooled or frozen food items to exit the exit module.
2. The apparatus of
a belt for conveying the food items from the entrance module through the intermediate module to the exit module;
a divider baffle for conveying at least a portion of the vaporized cryogen from the entrance module to the intermediate module;
an impeller for circulating said vaporized cryogen above and below the belt; and,
an impinger capable of directing said circulated vaporized cryogen into a plurality of impingement jets in the vicinity of the food items.
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27. A method of cooling or freezing food items comprising the steps of:
introducing food items into a plurality of attached modular enclosures each having a belt;
spraying liquid cryogen in at least one enclosure near the food items;
circulating vaporized liquid cryogen from a low pressure area to create a high pressure area above and below the belt in each enclosure;
directing pressurized vaporized liquid cryogen through an impinger to generate impingement jets in each enclosure;
impinging the food items with said impingement jets in each enclosure;
recirculating the vaporized liquid cryogen to the low pressure area in each enclosure.
28. The method of
vibrating said impingers at periodic intervals to remove the build-up of snow or ice.
29. The method of
vaporizing liquid nitrogen to produce nitrogen gas;
compressing said nitrogen gas to produce pressurized nitrogen gas;
actuating a ball valve using said pressurized nitrogen gas thereby causing vibration in said impingers.
This application is a continuation-in-part of Application Ser. No. 09/483,963, filed Jan. 18, 2000 which is currently pending.
This invention relates to an improved method and device for cooling and freezing a food or other item which is carried through the device on a belt or other moving substrate. More specifically, this invention relates to a device wherein a liquid and gas-phase cryogens are used to cool and/or freeze food items that are moved through the device on a belt. The transfer of heat from the food item to the cryogen is maximized through the use of a process in which liquid cryogen is sprayed into a stream of gaseous cryogen which is circulated around the food item while also using a novel impingement plate to create a stream of cryogen. A novel design of the device increases the heat transferred from the food items to the cryogen.
Commercial freezers typically rely on the transfer of heat from a food product that is to be chilled or frozen by using a fan or blower which is situated near a conveyer upon which the food is being carried. The food product entering the freezer has a boundary layer of air surrounding it which insulates the food product in the surrounding atmosphere. Traditional freezers have employed blowers that generate currents of cooling vapor in many directions so that a significant portion of the vapor does not contact the food product in a perpendicular direction. Under these conditions the vapor which does contact the food product often does not possess sufficient energy to substantially reduce the boundary layer around the surface of the food product. There is, therefore, a need to generate directed jets of cooling vapor so as to disturb the boundary layer.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,479,776 to Smith discloses an apparatus using a plurality of vertical tubes to provide a unidirectional air flow toward the food product.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,626,661 to Henke discloses the use of a plurality of nozzles along the pathway of a food product for delivering discrete jets of unidirectional cooling air.
The use of tubes or slots to direct air in a cooling or freezing device has met with only limited success due to the build-up of condensation or ice in the tubes or slots which quickly reduces the efficacy of the devices.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,908 to Appolonia et al. discloses a method and device for heating or cooling a food product on a moving substrate in which a continuous channel traversing at least a major portion of the width of the moving substrate converts multi-directional flow into unidirectional flow. Such a device suffers, however, from having such an increased rate of flow that the food products become entrained in the flow and controlled processing of the food item through the device becomes difficult.
Increasing the velocity of the stream of cryogenic vapor which impinges the food item will increase the average heat transfer coefficient in a linear manner. At a certain point, however, unless the impingement stream is carefully controlled the velocity may also be sufficient to damage the food product or to carry the food product off the conveyor and into undesirable locations elsewhere in the freezer.
Overall heat transfer rates are dependent on local heat transfer coefficients, i.e., the amount of heat transferred from the food products to the cryogen is dependent on the rate of heat transfer locally between the cryogen and the food item. Local heat transfer rate can be changed by controlling the distance from the source of impingement jets to the food product, the velocity of the impingement jets, the turbulence in the jet and the efficiency of the flow of cryogen.
A need remains, therefore, for a device which can rapidly chill and/or freeze a food item while reducing the amount of cryogen needed by extracting the maximum cooling effect from a given amount of cryogen. The device must also be capable of transporting food from an inlet to an outlet without damaging the food product. Additionally, the device must be able to control the throughput of food items and must be resistant to the freezing and plugging of internal components by snow and ice build-up.
Accordingly, the present invention increases the amount of heat transferred from an item, particularly a food product, to a cryogen by generating impingement jets capable of breaking through the thermal boundary layer of the product, but which are not capable of damaging the product.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a jet of cryogenic gas to impinge the surface food products without causing the food products to become entrained in the impingement jet.
Furthermore, the present invention provides an efficient path for recirculation of cryogenic gases back to the blower means so as to increase the efficiency of the freezer.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a modular design which can be adapted to provide a plurality of solutions for food processing requirements.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the connection of the modules provides for continual impingement of cryogenic gas on food items from their entrance into the freezer apparatus until exiting.
An additional advantage of the present invention is the reduction in the dehydration of the food items which is accomplished through the immediate freezing of the exterior of the product upon entry into the apparatus.
A still further advantage of the present invention is the consistent cooling and or freezing of items across the width of the belt upon which the food items travel.
In one embodiment of the present invention a modular food chilling and/or freezing apparatus is provided which comprises an entrance module, an exit module and one or more intermediate modules. Each module contains a section of belt upon which food is transported. Each module contains an impinger which enables high velocity jets of cryogenic gas to impinge the upper and lower surfaces of the food items. The impinger may be a plate having a specific configuration of rounded or chamfered holes. In another embodiment a series of channels is used. A sprayer is provided in one or more modules in order to entrain droplets of liquid cryogen in the jets of cryogenic gas.
In an embodiment of the present invention the interface between modules includes a baffle for controlling the pressure differential and transfer of cryogen between modules.
In a further embodiment a pneumatically actuated ball valve vibrator modules used to remove the build-up of snow and ice from impingement plates.
In a still further embodiment of the present invention a hydraulic system is used to provide easy access to the interior of the apparatus.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention but are not intended to limit the invention as encompassed by the claims forming part of the application.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional representation of a freezer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the freezer of FIG. 1 as seen from the entrance end of FIG. 1 with the exterior wall and inlet removed.
FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional representation of the freezer of FIG. 1 through line B�B.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an impingement plate and the pneumatically actuated ball valve vibrator.
FIG. 5 is top plan view of a portion of an impingement plate having holes for use in a freezer according to the present invention.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are top and bottom perspective views of a portion of the impingement plate having holes for use in a freezer according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the impingement plate of FIGS. 6 and 7 through line 6�6.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of channel impingement device for use in a freezer according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an additional embodiment of an intermediate module of the present invention.
The present invention is directed to an apparatus for cooling and/or freezing food products in which a food item is conveyed on a belt or other substrate into a chamber in which the food product is cooled or frozen due to its contact with gas-phase cryogens such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The heat transfer resulting in the cooling or freezing of the food products results from the impingement of a stream of cryogenic vapor on the food item. Additional heat transfer may also be achieved by spraying liquid or solid cryogen into the impingement jet streams of cryogenic vapor.
With reference to FIG. 1 entrance module 10, intermediate modules 20 and 30 and exit module 40 define one embodiment of the freezer of the present invention. The modularity of the present invention enables a set of modules 10, 20, 30 and 40 to be arranged to meet specific freezing requirements for various food types. Entrance module 10 has liquid cryogen piping 24 and sprayer 25 which enable a stream of liquid cryogen to be sprayed into the jet of gaseous cryogen circulating within the module 10 and onto belt 16 and food items (not shown). Sprayer 25 should preferably comprise a plurality of full cone low flow rate spray nozzles. The use of sprayer 25 enables a rapid transfer of heat from the exterior of the food item resulting in rapid cooling and/or crust freezing of food items upon entering the series of modules and decreases dehydration of the food items. The sprayer 25 may be included in any other module if additional or continuous crust freezing is necessary or desirable.
Impeller 32 of module 10 is in fluid communication with intake cone 34 and generates a flow of cryogen out exit 33 by which it circulates a flow of cryogenic vapor around the interior of the module 10 in accordance with the flow patterns represented by arrows in FIG. 2. cryogenic vapor flows from exit 33 through impinger 17 past sprayer 25 entraining liquid cryogen into the stream and then impinging on food items on belt 16. A high pressure flow of cryogen enters high pressure plenums 14 and an impinger 17 (which comprises the top of high pressure plenum 14) and flows under and through belt 16 which provides impingement jets on the underside of the food items on belt 16. Belt 16 is a standard woven stainless steel belt typically used in food freezers. The flow of cryogenic vapor is returned to the intake cone 34 of impeller 32 through the low pressure plenum 15. Impeller 32 can be a 762 mm diameter centrifugal fan operating at 283 cubic meters per minute at 0.5 kpa static pressure having a 7.45 KW inverter driven motor or other type of blower having similar characteristics.
Piping 24 is connected to a supply of liquid cryogen (not shown) providing a conduit for a supply of liquid cryogen for sprayer 25 and to provide a source of cryogenic vapor for circulation within each freezer module.
Entrance module 10 is comprised of a top, bottom and four walls. In FIG. 1 wall 6 of module 10 is configured so as to include inlet 11. Bottom plate 5 and top plate 8 provide a top and bottom to entrance module 10 as well as the other modules 20, 30, and 40. At the right hand side of entrance module 10 is a divider baffle 7 on the high pressure side of impinger 17 which can be open and closed so as to control the amount of cryogenic vapor passing from one module to another as well as to control the amount of internal pressure within modules. The gas flow through the system can also be controlled using a sensor mounted on the plenum. This sensor will note the changes in the pressure of gas in the chamber and will communicate with the impeller to either increase or decrease the impeller speed and regulate gas flow through the system. This will also improve the overall efficiency of the system. In one embodiment the divider baffle 7 comprises one or more sliding doors which are manually opened and closed in order to control the transfer of cryogen between modules. In a further embodiment an controlled damper is used as the divider baffle 7. The final two walls of entrance module 10 are depicted in FIG. 2 as walls 2 and 3 which are sliding door mechanisms contained in framework 12 and 13 respectively and enable access to the interior of the apparatus.
Intermediate modules 20 and 30 are similar to module 10 in construction in that they contain a portion of belt 16 which conveys food items through the module. Intermediate module 20 is depicted in cross-section whereas intermediate module 30 is depicted so as to show the exterior doors 18 which can be raised for internal axis by use of counterweight 19. In intermediate module 20 or 30 an impeller 32 powered by motor 22 circulates cryogenic vapor according to the arrows shown in FIG. 3 which is a cross-section of intermediate module 20 taken through line B�B of FIG. 1. Bottom plate 5 and top plate 8 provide a top and bottom to the module. Top plate 8 is also where impeller 32 is mounted and connected to the drive shaft of motor 22. As in the other modules impingers 17 provide a means for increasing the velocity of the cryogenic gas to generate impingement jets prior to impingement of the gas on food items on belt 16. Food items pass from one module through an opening on the low-pressure side of impingers 17 which permits the belt 16 to pass continuously from one module to another.
A series of intermediate modules 20 and 30 can be used to provide for a certain length of freezing time depending on the belt speed or throughput of food items required and the amount of time such food items need to be in the cryogenic environment to reach a desired goal. The modularity of the freezer provides for any variation in these parameters.
Exit module 40 is similar to the other modules with the exception of the placement of an outlet 42 in side wall 6 and a series of rollers 43 for return of belt 16 through the modules. Exit module 40 also has an un-insulated plenum 44 attached to its exterior to catch gas which will fall upon exit from the module. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the freezer exhaust is divided into three sections. These separate sections are a central exhaust. The primary exhaust will remove 80% of the total cryogenic gas from the low pressure exit end of the freezer. The secondary exhausts each capture 10% of the cryogenic gas from the inlet and exit of the freezer. This allows for both a reduction in the infiltration of air but also creates co-current gas flow down the length of the freezer. The cryogenic gas can be exhausted at warmer temperatures which will increase the overall efficiency of the freezer unit. Reduced icing in the exhaust ducts will also result. Further, smaller diameter exhaust ducts and smaller exhaust blowers can be employed while reducing make-up air usage. The entrance end of exit module 40 is similar to the entrance end of intermediate modules 20 and 30 in that a module divider baffle 7 provides for control of the transfer of cryogen between modules. Likewise impeller 32 circulates a stream of cryogenic gas through the high pressure plenum 14 and impingers 17 and onto the food items. A sprayer 25 and supporting piping 24 could be added to the exit module 40 if additional crust freezing is necessary.
A important feature of the present invention is the design of the impinger 17 which could be an impingement plate a potion of which is depicted in FIG. 5 or a series of sheet metal channels as depicted in FIG. 9. Depending on the configuration of the module the size of the plate may vary, however, the total open area of the impinger, i.e., the area of the holes should be between approximately 3% and 6% of the total area of the impinger. The most preferred percentage of open area is 4-5%. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 5 the axial pitch 51 and lateral pitch 52 are both 1⅞ inches when the hole diameter 54 is � inch. Also, offset or stagger 53 of the center of the holes should be approximately ⅝ inch in the preferred embodiment. The reason for the offset or stagger is that it has been found to provide an even chill or freeze of product across the width of the belt thereby reducing or eliminating impingement lines on the food items. The plate version of impinger 17 is fabricated from 22 gauge steel in the preferred embodiment. The holes in plate version of impinger 17 are radiused at 15%.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show the rounded edges of the holes in impinger 17. FIG. 8 depicts a cross-sectional view of impinger 17 through section lines 6�6. This design reduces or prevents ice-build-up inside the hole and produces an impingement jet which has a velocity profile which is more effective in chilling or freezing the food item.
FIG. 4 depicts an impinger 17 of the plate type as described above. Each impinger 17 needs to have a vibrator 48 which vibrates impinger 17 which is preferably free-floating in a rigid frame. Vibrator 48 may be of the electrical variety, however, in the preferred embodiment vibrator 48 is a ball valve pneumatically actuated by compressed nitrogen gas supplied through conduits 49 at or about 60 psi from either an external source or from a vaporizer and compressor (not shown) internal to the apparatus. The frequency and time intervals at which vibrator 48 is used to vibrate impingers 17 is dependent on process conditions including the moisture content of the food items, the humidity of the ambient air in and around the apparatus and the temperature of the module.
FIG. 9 depicts the cross section of an impinger 17 which comprises a series of channels fabricated from a sheet of metal. In the preferred embodiment channel width 61 should be approximately 3 inches, channel pitch 62 should be approximately 12 inches, channel depth should be approximately 14 inches and channel opening 63 should be approximately ⅝ inch.
The distance from the impinger 17 to the product surface should be approximately 3 inches but could vary from approximately 1 inch to approximately 5 inches. The position and spacing of holes or vortices in impinger 17 effects the total overall heat transfer rate.
Through the connection of a series of modules total product coverage along the entire length of the freezer (continuous heat transfer area with no breaks) maximizes the overall heat transfer rate. Typical freezing temperatures for an apparatus according to present invention are −120 C. in entrance module 10 and −50 C. at exit module 40. In the referred embodiment four modules are employed each being 3.048 meters long, 1.753 meters wide and 3.150 meters tall. The belt width in the preferred embodiment is 0.712 meter. Modules of various sizes may be constructed according to the present invention.
The impellers 32 may also be mounted on the side in order to reduce the height of the apparatus. In a lower profile embodiment a plurality of impellers 32 are mounted either on the side or on the top. Using a plurality of lower height impellers 32 enables an overall height reduction in the design.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional representation of an additional embodiment of the present invention. An intermediate module 50 is shown which is comprised of two portions. Top portion 68 and bottom portion 66 together create an enclosure. Motor 22 is mounted through top portion 68 where it connects with and drives impeller 32. Belt 16, impingers 17, vibrator 48 and conduits 49. The use of the two piece construction of module 50 enables the use of a hydraulic lift 69 to raise and lower top portion 68 in order to enable cleaning of the internal components of the apparatus and to enable servicing of internal components.
The present invention is preferably operated with liquid nitrogen, however, other cryogens may also be employed such as synthetic liquid air (SLA) and carbon dioxide.
In the standard operation of the present invention liquid cryogen is sprayed into the entrance module of the apparatus upon start-up. As the liquid cryogen impinges on the impingers 17 and the belt 16 a portion will vaporize. The vaporized liquid cryogen is then circulated by the impeller 32 from the low pressure plenum 15 to the high pressure plenum 14 wherein it is forced through the holes or channels in impinger 17 thereby creating the impingement jets. The impingement jets then continue to entrain additional liquid cryogen which is sprayed from sprayer 25. All of the vaporized cryogen will pass from the entrance module to the intermediate or exit module through the low pressure side of the impingers, i.e., through the hole which permits the belt 16 and food items to pass from one module to another. The majority of the vaporized cryogen, however, is passed from one module to another through the divider baffle 7 which enables the use to control the amount passed.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that further modifications and adaptations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and adaptations are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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44Suite dispone di due mini Suite, Harmony e Joy.
I due mini appartamenti sono ubicati all'ultimo piano sopra un hotel, quindi dormite sonni tranquilli, perchè questa abitazione 24 ore su 24 è monitorata.
L'ingresso ai due mini appartamenti è separato e si accede con la pratica smart card.
I had a very pleasnt time here in Milan. The room is everything you will always need, from the big screen TV to the computer the room is filled with technology. Also there's and excellent breakfast, nice balcony and spotlessy cleaned room. The greatest thing, though, is that is very handy if you want to go shopping or have dinner in one of the lovely reasturants or if you need to use public transportation since it is very close to the central trainstation. Really nice overall.- Andy

subset: commoncrawl


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Monstera deliciosa
My niece has had this plant for 4 yrs and has re-potted it once. I don't know anything about this plant and she thought because I'm taking up house plants as a hobby I might have better luck.
Some leaves are yellow and some very green. Some are the regular leaves found on the Monstera deliciosa and some imitate a pothos type. I found the large pot she re-potted the plant in had no drain holes and wasn't watered correctly, often forgotten.It was also in very low light conditions
What I've done so far... Watered thoroughly and drilled drain holes in the bottom. Misted several times and its located in the southeast window out of direct light, Have a humidifier at 50%.
At this point I don't know what I should be doing. Figured I needed to get the plant stabilized before action.
Any suggestions would be appreciated.Thx jack
First, I'd move it to some stronger light.
Then I'd stick a rough wooden kabob skewer deep into the pot, and leave it there.
Use the stick to determine when the mix actually needs to be water - i.e., when the
stick comes out of the mix mostly dry to the touch. If overwatering was the main problem,
the plant should green up a bit.
Then we need to consider nutrients. When was it last fertilized?
It should be better looking in a bit. They like well draining organic soil, and you have seen to that. They also like some bright light, and again, you have done that. The plant in question should soon start putting out mature leaves (the ones with cuts). As it does, it will shed the old ones real quick. My only advice would be to wait. Time is your friend in this case.
BTW, the plant police are already looking for your niece. I noticed her pic in the post office on the Top 10 list. She'll be sentenced to growing mushrooms because that is how she treated the Monstera.
That thing's just a baby. Cut off the yellow and brown and give it something sturdier and taller to climb up and tie the vine to it.
Those heart shaped leaves are juvenile leaves and the mature split ones will grow out once the plant is a little larger. It may or may not loose the juvenile form leaves or a few of them may split as they get bigger, hopefully it'll keep them so you don't have too much bare stem.
Healing takes time, be patient with it.
Roughly a month. I had gnats soon after the watering on the plant and a Majestic palm I received from niece. I have not watered since and water level on both are around 3"-4" down. I have purchased chemicals to mix in the soil but as they have dried out gnats are gone from both plants and I have been treating the others as I water.
I didn't do too much snipping on the plant as I was unfamiliar where to trim the limbs. Now I have about 10 new leafs coming out and watering again will come soon.
I'm looking into a stake,etc for the plant and now seek more info on care for this plant. I don't want to go a step too far only to have correct mistakes later.
Any info appreciated,,,Thx Jack
Sounds like the start of a great relationship!
The plant pictured below is Pothos (Epipremnum) but it works the same way as your plant. The circled things are aerial roots at the nodes. The ones I've shown still have leaves, but nodes are where leaves are or were. It looks like your plant has some visible roots at some of the nodes. When those contact soil, they begin to grow.
A cutting like pictured below is what I would imagine for your plant also. The 2 nodes closest to the cut have had their leaves removed and will be put under soil, kind of sideways so both are near the surface. When a node takes off making roots, it also usually sends up a new growth tip. So by propagating the particular cutting shown below, I hope to have the original tip growing, and 2 new tips as those nodes take root.
The stem that was cut on the mama plant usually will respond with a new growth tip, possible many along its' nodes. Never possible to predict for sure.
You may also enjoy this discussion about vines and the wild stuff they do in general.
The tips of this vine was cut a while ago, circled in blue. In response, new tips have begun to show at some of the nodes, circled in red. Your plant will behave almost identically, in general overall habit.
Propagation is never predictable or foolproof. With the size of your mama plant, there's no risk of killing it by removing several nice cuttings, or even radically altering the appearance. I would make cuts fairly close to the soil, with 2-3 nodes left exposed. That would result in the most vigorous new shoots, very near the roots, should the cut vine succeed in producing them.
Thx for the replies. Pothos I understand. I just potted four I had rooted a month ago.
I didn't realized the potho was in the same class of care except for size.
The soil is dry about 4" down and in such a large container I fear root root. I have heard water at 5" dry. What do you think?...Jack
Pothos will get just as big if conditions are right.
This one is supported by three pieces of bamboo tied together at the top. I had to move this plant about a week ago so the top foot or so has slumped over so one day I'll have to re-tie it to the poles. The small triangle next to the pot is about 7" on the short sides.
Your smaller plant should be fine while it dries out for a week at a time. Mine I give about a gallon of water a couple times a week and I don't empty the drainage dish either, it sucks it all up in least then a day.
Once it starts getting some size to it expect it to need about 2-3 feet of space from the stem so the leaves can open up and spread out. You can grow some smaller aroids in the pot to fill in some of the empty space. Give it bright indirect light or morning sun and bright shade for the rest of the day, keep it sorta damp all the time (with a fast draining soil) and use a good fertilizer.
Gnats are a sign that your soil is too heavy and doesn't drain well.


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Discover a selection of top forums fling: marketplace on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums fling: marketplace and meet other fans of fling: marketplace. Then, why don't you create your own forum of fling: marketplace ?
Buy, Sale & Trade with other residents in the city of Maricopa, Az.
maricopa, #marketplace, sale, trade, with, other, residents, city


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I found my mind wandering lots during this tale - very unusual for me. The story really lacked any depth to the characters - made the whole thing almost silly. Sorry - but can't recommend it.
"Good but not Great"
I loved the first book, really liked the second but the third is anticlimatic. I enjoyed it and would recommend it for everyone that loved the first. It's still a good read, just not what I expected.
The story was very long and difficult to follow. I hung with it expecting a shattering revelation of some type but that never occurred either. So, very long and nothing really great.
"Fantastic Book"
From the opening I was entranced. This is a fantastic story; rich and engrossing. The narrator was a perfect choice. Simply put - don't miss this for a sweet, poignant story that will stay with you.
"Truly a must-read"
This book was a great read. From the beginning the character was believable and earned my sympathy - a contradiction to the expected response to a personal prison that is part of the "host." Incredible book
I love the Stephanie Plum series but Fearless Fourteen was a disappointment. Stephanie plods along chasing a mild drama. Ranger is out of character and without substantance to the "plot." Only Lula seems in character but even she was unable to add any true flavor to redeem the book for me. A big disappointment.
"Stilted Narration"
While the story was exciting and full with deep characters the narration by C.J. Critt was stilted, awkward and distracting. Very un-enjoyable.
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Acer Palmatum 'Deshojo' - white powder and nest?
I received a largish (about 150cm high Acer Palmatum 'Deshojo' for my birthday this June. It was very full and bushy (maybe a bit too much - I wondered if it should be trimmed in the centre). It was also in an extremely small pot for a tree its size. So I re-potted it into a larger (and heavier, as it can get windy and the tree was blown over several times) pot. This was perhaps a bad thing to do at this time of year? We went away on holidays for the month of August. The person that stayed in our apartment watered the plants regularly. However, the tree is showing three signs of distress:
1. The outer leaves are turning brown, curling up and dying. I have since read that this is most likely due to the fact that it has too much sun exposure and not enough watering at the top of the plant.
2. MANY of the leaves are dropping off, even if they have not browned.
3, and worst. Almost all of the leaves are covered in a white powdery substance that was not there at the end of July. While spraying the leaves this morning with milky water, I noticed a kind of insect nest in two places (see bottom two photos).
How can I treat these problems? Please assure me that my tree is not dying (and that I did not kill it by re-potting mid-summer) ?
Thanks for any advice!!
The white blobs look like mealybugs. The leaf growth, maybe it's a powdery mildew? See page three of the referenced extension publication (see below for link).
Its healthy leaves look awesome!
Here is a link that might be useful: Common Diseases of Maple


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Since 2007, Ukraine Charity has raised almost £200,000 for charitable causes across Ukraine.
Our primary focus has been on helping orphans and underprivileged children and young adults.
The charity is run entirely by volunteers, and our overhead costs are minimal. Therefore we can do so much for those who need our help!
We work together with trusted local partner organisations and volunteers across Ukraine.
Ukraine Charity is registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales (Registration No. 1120854).
Current project
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This fundraiser has been organised by Iryna Vyalkova. You can learn more about the orphanage and support this initiative here!
Holiday season appeal & 2014 in review
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Kraplynka Project for displaced families
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A busy summer at Ukraine Charity!
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text:
FAST Friday OCTOBER 9th, 2009
Next MEET:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
55 Days till Long Beach
Weights world gym 5:15 am
bench press 8 x 135 4 x 195 3 x 200
lat press 8 x 40 8 x 45 8 x 50 6 x 55
lat pull 8 x 167 6 x 207 4 x 210
leg press 8 x 230 8 x 310
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
whitney coached
UT Swim Center main pool
both bulkheads down
dual competition course setup
pads in, swam on north end with BLOCKS
dove in on time
Swam with Nate, Mary, & Larry
Beside tyler, todd, chris, & Mike
WORE old B70 full
2 rounds of
200 fr
100 k went 1:07 in 2nd round
050 drill
Main Set
10 x 100 FAST for time on 4:00
lanes went in 2 heats leaving every 2:00
swimmers were 10 apart
went in the 1st heat with Mary
Larry & Nate went in heat 2
swam beside Tyler
Went 53, 53, 53. 54, 53
#6 100 back
went 59
went 59
#8 & 9 100 k
went 1:05, 1:02
rested 3 minutes extra
#10 100 free
went 50.8
100 easy
10 x 25
odds: SDK FAST from a dive on :20
went 10's & 11's
evens: easy on 1:40
4 minutes Rest
Go start off blocks
whitney timed
said I went 9.8 but
she was kinda far from the wall I touched
don't know if she spotted it right
Updated October 9th, 2009 at 03:21 PM by ande
The back/shoulders were feeling a *little* sore from the weights yesterday. So I decided to stick to plyos and core work.
bicycles, 2 x 50
dead bugs, 2 x 25
good morning darlings, 2 x 50
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
crunches on yoga ball, 2 x 50
straight leg raises in captain's chair, 3 x 15
(these are vastly easier than when done from a hanging position)
jump tucks, 5 x 5
split squat jumps, 2 x 10
(jump to right leg, jump to left leg, jump to land on both legs)
double leg bunny jump, 2 x 10
(I did these plyos with low rep, but max intensity.)
hip hinges w/12.5 DBs, 2 x 10 each leg
(I am so much better balancing on my left leg ... noticed that in yoga too.)
single arm push on double cable FM machine, 30 x 2 x 10, each arm
(for some reason, the weight on the double cable FM motion machine seems much "heavier" than on the other two single cable machines)
prone scapular scrunches w/handweights, 2 x 25
Had a recovery/drilly type swim:
Warm up:
800 variety swim, kick, drill
Hypoxic set:
20 x 50 UW SDK w/fins @ 1:05 (1 breath at turn)
odds = back
evens = belly
100 scull after #10 and #20
Fly drill set:
8 x 75, done as:
25 easy speed fly working on streamline and breakouts + 25 easy DAB + 25 chest press fly drill
Total: 2700
Hot tub, 10 minutes
As I was sitting in the hot tub, a kid had an accident in the pool and it was closed down. I went to the pool a bit earlier than usual today, so I lucked out and didn't have my workout interrupted.
Sprint Classic:
I sent in my entries for the Sprint Classic today, and am "negotiating" attendance.
50 back, 28.7
50 breast, 35.9*
50 fly, 27.5
50 free, 25.9
All 4 25s, times about what I did last year.
* Hulk will say I'm sandbagging, but I still don't really believe I went a 34.1 tapered last year. That swim is therefore in the fluke category until I do it again.
My transfer of affiliation will be effective then, so I am back to swimming for GMU.
Other plyos/plyo info:
double leg power hop with stepback lunge twist: http://www.realjock.com/article/757/
box jack, http://fliiby.com/file/396630/lxbvinp6on.html
scissor lunge, http://fliiby.com/file/411979/vxl2lso4hy.html
Here's a good pic of a rack chin or rack pull up. I really like these. I haven't attempted to do them with a barbell though.
Updated October 7th, 2009 at 10:45 PM by The Fortress
hanging reverse crunches, 3 x 15
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
bicycles, 2 x 50
rack chins, 3 x 15
(love these!)
burpees with push up and air squat, 2 x 10 (These are exhausting!)
squats on FM machine (had to play around with weight), 190 x 1 x 5, 210 x 1 x 5, 230 x 1 x 5, 250 x 1 x 5, 270 x 1 x 5
bicep curl w/BB, 50 x 5 x 5
standing lat pulldown, 150 x 5 x 5
leg extensions, 110 x 1 x 5, 120 x 3 x 5
external and internal rotators, 10 x 2 x 15, each arm
Hot Yoga:
Day #2 of the hot yoga experiment. Wow, it was much easier today and I tolerated the heat much better. I didn't have the urge to sprint out of the room after 60 minutes or the uncomfortable feeling that my face might blow up. I also went through 3 bottles of water.
I definitely like the heat for stretching. And the hot yoga poses don't unduly put pressure on the shoulders, which is nice (and unlike other forms of yoga). But I'm still rather klutzy in terms of balance. I think it takes awhile to acquires this skill.
One odd thing I noticed today is that, after weights, it is somewhat difficult to constantly be holding your arms over your head in streamline position. However, this is the one thing I can do better than the yoginis. lol
More yoga-kinis than ever today. And some dude did 2 back to back classes ...
I still wish it wasn't such a time drain.
Did a quick search about calorie burning and found these links:
Hard to believe it's comparable to jogging in terms of calories burned. Of course, jogging is not running either ...
Here are a list of the reported/supposed benefits:
Some of the benefits of Bikram Yoga:
Works every organ, gland, nerve, tendon, ligament and muscle in the whole body every Bikram Yoga session
Expands your capacity to breathe deeply and fully
Prevents injury and may prevent or improve chronic illness
Promotes better sleep, you may even need to sleep less
Fabulous body toning effects
Weight loss or gain depending on your body's needs
Improvement in posture and body awareness
Improve the healing and regenerative powers of your body
Improvement in T-cell function and your immune system
Improvement in your lymphatic system
Lengthening and strengthening of muscles
Increased flexibility
Improvement in peripheral circulation
Improvement in metabolism / digestion
Gives the body a cardiovascular workout without negative impacting forces
Nervous system is exercised
Endocrine and exocrine glands are massaged and stimulated to better function
Muscular and skeletal network are enhanced
Weight bearing exercise will help prevent osteoporosis
Improves heart and lung function
Improves back conditions of pain and misalignment
Improves flexibility of your spine in its range of motion in all directions allowing the improvement in function of your central nervous system. Better nervous system communication means a better functioning body and mind
Helps cultivate a sense of well being and a more peaceful mind
Integration of both sides of the brain to improve memory, learning, body coordination and balance
Builds mental strength and teaches you to hold your mind in a focused and meditative state
Saw this on Glenn's FB page:
I know my own head is certainly elevated some, though I recall ehoch saying there is absolutely nothing good about this type of head position.
Hoping to go to the gym and pool tomorrow, though I have a couple other obligations. We'll see how fast I can move ...
Mini Fort got her third game ball in volleyball last night. I fear her serious swimming days may be numbered ... she thinks volleyball is just "more fun." My littlest one, on the other hand, continues to be enamored with swimming. And it is fairly comical to watch her attempt to learn flip turns.
Updated October 6th, 2009 at 05:34 PM by The Fortress
Monday OCTOBER 5th, 2009
Next MEET:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
59 Days till Long Beach
lat press
lat pull
bench press
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Chris coached
UT Swim Center main pool
dove in on time
Swam with Amy, larry, nate, & mary
beside brandon, max, ned, paul, brad, tyler & todd
WORE briefs
2 rounds of 200 100 200
Main Set
20 x 100
2 rounds of
1 - 4 aerobic on 1:20 went 3rd cruised it
#5 fast
6 - 9 aerobic on 1:20 went 3rd cruised it
#10 fast k
went 1:10
assigned 10 x 150
did 10 x ( 50k 50 skip 50 k)
AM: Hot Yoga:
As promised, I made it to my first hot yoga class. I think I liked it better than other yoga I've done -- you can get really flexy when you're so hot. But it was really really hot those last 30 minutes, and the 90 minute class went long. I'm fair skinned and my face was bright red. Next time, I'm bringing more water and putting ice in it. G2 was definitely not the right thing to bring to class.
In general, I'm pretty flexible, but my balance isn't the greatest compared to the real yogis. I was told it burned 1,000 calories, which seems like a lot. You definitely lose a lot of water weight; I was drenched! I can't believe some yogis do this 2x a day ...
PM: Weights
Didn't get in as long a session in as I had hoped -- too many errands and chatting with an old friend at the gym. But I did manage this:
leg press, 270 x 3 x 10 (fast)
bench press, 70 x 1 x 8 (fast), 60 x 2 x 8 (fast)
tricep press, 45 x 3 x 10 (fast)
yates row (first time I'd ever done it, had to play around with the weight), 95 x 1 x 20, 115 x 1 x 10, 135 x 1 x 10, 145 x 1 x 8
internal and external rotators, 10 x 2 x 15 each arm
lunges w/20 lb DBs, 2 x 15
hanging reverse crunches, 3 x 15
straight leg raises lifting hips off bench, 2 x 15
dead bugs on bosu, 3 x 25 (much harder on the bosu, Pete. )
I do think the yoga took some toll on the weights. I felt more tired than usual. I guess I'm just used to lifting weights first and in the am.
I have two GFs coming over tonight (can't go out have to babysit a coed teenage group, lol). Will definitely be drinking our fav buttery chard.
Thursday Oct 01, 2009
Next MEET:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
63 Days till Long Beach
lat press
lat pull
leg press
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Chris coached
UT Swim Center main pool
dove in 10 minutes late
Swam with Paul, Mike & Max beside Amy Brandon, Tyler, Tara, & Jon
WORE Briefs
300 ish
Main Set
assigned 8 x 300
did 8 x (3 x 50 fr ) did 5 - 7 SDKs off each wall
went 28's - 31
UT men trained this morning, Kris on deck
UT Women's Volley Ball team is very good, years ago UT mens swim team started a tradition where they support them at some of their tough games. Volleyball games go to 25 points. Each swimmer wears 14 items of clothing. Each time the UT women score 2 points, the swimmers nonchallantly remove one item of clothing.
score 2 points kick off a shoe,
score 2 more kick off the other shoe
. . .
When UT women get to 24 points, each swimmer's wearing a pair of boxers and a speedo brief beneath. When UT women score the winning point, swimmers drop their boxers & walk around the volleyball court. The volleyball team has given swimmers a special featured section to sit. Last night on the game versus A&M around 20 showed up to give their support. Here's how the game went.
standing lat pulldown, 150 x 5 x 5
(some warm up sets at lower weight)
bench press, 90 x 5 x 5
(some warm up sets at lower weight)
goblet squat, 70 x 1 x 10, 75 x 2 x 10
(added 20-25 lbs, I was slacking before)
elevated crunches, 2 x 25
reverse decline crunches w/10 lb weight held by feet, 2 x 25
dead bugs 3 x 25
bicycles 3 x 50
back extensions w/10 lb plate, 2 x 25
cable twist w/yoga ball, 50 x 1 x 15, each side, 60 x 1 x 10, each side
(added 10-20 lbs weight, was previously slacking on these as well apparently)
total ab machine, 120 x 3 x 15
push ups, 2 x 15
prone scapular scrunches, w/hand weights, 2 x 25
scapular wall slides, 2 x 25
chops on yoga ball w/ hand weights, 2 x 15, thumbs up and thumbs down
internal and external rotators, 10 x 2 x 15, each arm
I'm persisting in making like CVDB even though I don't know WTH he does in the gym. Most elite routines, with the exception of Lezak, seem like a bit of a mystery ...
Since Q pointed out that CVDB is hitting the gym 3-4 x per week, I'll probably do that instead of 4-5. I'm also going to shift to the Q-sage advise and go with the 5 x 5 heavy reps on the core strengthening exercises. Seems more consistent with the CVDB focus.
I wish I had more info on explosive lifting. I'm going to PM a forum friend to see if he can give me some additional guidance.
I meant to swim today. I was planning a cruise + a few fast 25s, but had to leave the gym for a Mini Fort "forgot to tell you I needed X" emergency. There are a ridiculous amount of those emergencies in my life ... I plan to swim with Speedo tomorrow, doing some shooters and 3 x 100 AFAP. Other than an occasional 100 like this, I'm going to stick to 25s and 50s to stay "specific" as Jazz notes is desirable. On that specificity note, however, it doesn't seem terribly "specific" to do all 4 strokes ...
I'm wondering what to do about filling the soon to be aerobic conditioning void in my life. If I eliminate spinning, running and aerobic work in the pool, I am worried I could get twitchy or suffer endorphin withdrawal. I MAY go to a Bikram yoga class on Friday to try it out. I have been abysmal about stretching since Nationals and perhaps this would help on that front. And it might be especially advisable with the emphasis on strength in the gym.
I could go here; it's pretty close to my house:
http://www.fallschurchyoga.com/schedule.shtml. I wonder if hot yoga kills you for the day or you can do something after?
Anyone have any other thoughts?
Upright rows:
I was also mulling over upright rows, as they seem to be a good compound exercise. Found this in a quick search:
"The upright row is a controversial weight training exercise performed by holding a barbell with the overhand grip and lifting it straight up to the collarbone. This is a compound exercise that involves the trapezius, the deltoids and the biceps. The narrower the grip the more the trapezius muscles are exercised, as opposed to the deltoids. Dumbbells, an EZ Curl bar, or a cable machine can be used instead of a standard barbell.
Due to the amount of internal rotation of the humerus during this movement, many trainers and organizations (such as the ACSM and NFPT) consider this a contraindicated exercise for all trainees. Most will at least advise those with shoulder impingement issues to avoid it. Abstaining from raising the bar above the chest line will help in avoiding injury. If pain arises, stop this exercise immediately, as it may be an indicator of a pinched nerve. Substitutes include shoulder shrugs for upper trapezius development and lateral raises for lateral deltoids.
While the movement resembles the end portion of the high pull it works different muscle groups. In the upright row, the shoulders provide the force to lift the weight upwards. In the high pull, the majority of the force is generated by the lower body, with the scapulae providing the rest of the force, and the arms are raised in response to and not as the cause of the rising bar."
I would think the impingement concerns wouldn't be a real worry if the weight was low and one was doing it more as a stability exercise?
Article: cheating for over the top elites & masters?
Updated September 30th, 2009 at 10:31 PM by The Fortress
I've decided to take Ande's advice and make like Cameron Van der Burgh until taper time for SCM Zones. So I plan to hit the gym 4-5x week and hit the pool 4-5x week. Pool work will consist of: (1) warm up/recovery swims; (2) hypoxic/SDK work; and (3) speed work. I don't plan on doing any aerobic work whatsoever unless I'm swimming with my team at my usual Sunday am practice. Of course, you get some aerobic work just doing what I have planned ... Bottom line: more gym, less pool yardage. Since I only plan on 50s and a couple 100s for the rest of the year and am done with my forays into 200s and the OW, I think this experiment is worthwhile. Or at least it will be a nice test to see if it works for masters ... Since I have lost some strength from almost 2 weeks off from the gym, I wish I had a bit more than 7 weeks for the experiment, but such is life. The only aerobic work I think I'll really miss is some of my kicks sets, especially with the MF. Perhaps I'll do one on occasion, if I feel the need to relieve boredom, although this might undercut the efficacy of the experiment perhaps.
Not sure about any other cross training in the form of running or spinning ... I might do some. Any thoughts on this? I'm also unsure how much to ease off before the Sprint Classic ... I'd like to swim some fairly fast 50s there, since it's probably my last yards meet of 2009 without a full taper.
leg extension, 90 x 3 x 10, 60 x 2 x 10 (fast)
HS hi row, 150 x 3 x 10, 100 x 2 x 10 (fast)
single arm standing "push" on double cable machine, 25 x 2 x 15, each arm, 30 x 1 x 15 each arm
goblet squats, 55 x 3 x 15
reat delt fly, 70 x 3 x 15
leg press, 330 x 23 x 10, 250 x 2 x 10 (fast)
rack chins (dropping ass), 3 x 15
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
crunches w/med ball, 2 x 25
dead bugs, 3 x 25
windshield wipers holding 12.5 DBs, 3 x 25
lunge-lunge-standing broad jump, 1 x 15
lateral box jumps for 1:00 (these are hard one the outside calf muscle -- I must never use this muscle)
scapular wall slides, 2 x 25
prone scapular scrunches, 2 x 25
internal and external rotators, 10 x 3 x 15, each arm
seated straight arm dips for RC, 60 x 2 x 25
stretching, 15 minutes, drive to pool
Warm up:
400 swim
200 kick
200 fly drills
Main sets:
20 x 25, done as
odds = UW SDK shooter (no fins, Ande )
(3 back, 2 belly, 2 flutter)
evens = 25 EZ
5 x (50 AFAP w/fins + 100 EZ)
50 SDK on back, :23
50 back, high :24
50 free, :25 (missed turn)
50 back, :25 (tired)
Total: 2250
Could definitely feel the weights on the swim! I usually feel it the next day, but not this time.
I realized today that I almost never do 50 frees in practice. Wonder why? I guess I'm always defaulting to backstroke. I usually just do AFAP 25s freestyle ...
Had a random thought whilst swimming today. Why can I take out my 100 IMs like a bat out of hell, but tend to hold back on my 100 backs and 100 frees on the first 50? Why so willing to die on one, but not the other? I guess the order of strokes in the IM dictate that ... Or maybe the pain/dying in my 100 IMs have changed my race strategy for other 100s.
Updated September 29th, 2009 at 07:43 PM by The Fortress
Monday Sept 28 2009
a little over a year ago the orginal Ande's Swimming Blog got shut down
it used to rank #1 on when you google search
swimming blog
just googled it and it ranked 7th
next meet is:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
Entered, bot air tix, & reserved hotels
Days till Long Beach
Did not swim or lift on Sunday
Got a FLU shot on Saturday
Lifted at world gym this morning
Both UT men & women trained this morning,
Eddie & Kris Kim & Jim were on deck along with
USA Swimming biomechanics coordinator Russell Mark had his underwater video equipment set up & filmed breastrokers when I walked by, they were analyzing their kick
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center diving well, decent temp
dove in on time
Swam with Paul, Mike, Brandon, & Nate beside Todd, Tyler, Amy, Larry, & Ned
WORE Nike Briefs
400 done 75 fr 25 fl
300 done 75 fr 25 bk
200 done 75 fr 25 br
Main Set
[B]3 rounds of:
5 x 200 fr 4 on 2:40, 5th on 4:00
1) 050 strong 150 med
2) 100 strong 100 med
3) 150 strong 050 med
4) 200 strong
5) 200 easy kick
went 2:05 & 2:06 on 200 strong
assigned: 4 x 250 fr
did 3 x 50 fr 5 SDKs off each wall
Updated September 28th, 2009 at 04:15 PM by ande
Thursday Sep 24nd, 2009
weighed 217
Entered this meet on Wed Sep 23rd
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
70 Days till Long Beach
Leg press 10 x 270 6 x 360
bench press 6 x 185 5 x 190
lat pull 6 x 205 4 x 210
lat press 6 x 45 6 x 50
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
dove in at 6:32
Swam with Barndon, beside Tyler, Todd, Amy, ned, larry Paul & Heath (a triathlete who swam for university of minnesota he graduated in 2008, he's fast, made 100 repeats on 1:00)
4 x (125 fr 25 underwater with 1 breath)
Main Set
4 rounds of the following:
3 x 100 on a tough interval
50 easy
4 x 50 on 1:00 breath control, 4, 3, 2, 1
300 done 50 rk, 50 lk, 50 ra 50 la, 100 sw
so the focus of this set was making the interval & following the breathing pattern on the 4 x 50
round 1, 1:05,
round 2: 1:05,
round 3 1:05,
round 4: attempted 1:00 came in on 3:02
16 x 25 on :30
4 each stroke desc
cruised 1, 2, 3, cranked 4
100 easy
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec?
Plan to go to:
1) SCM meet in San Antonio wk before
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
Tuesday Sep 22nd, 2009
Training for:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
Online entry is up
72 Days till Long Beach
lat press 8 x 40 8 x 45 8 x 50
bench press 8 x 135 6 x 185
lat pull 8 x 167 6 x 207
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
dove in on time
Swam with Mike V
beside Todd, Tyler, Chris, Larry, Jon, Nate, & Marcio
4 x 25
4 x 25
Main Set
4 rounds of
4 x 75 (IM Order) on 1:15
1) swim 25 fast 50 easy
2) swim 50 fast 25 easy
3) swim 75 fast 00 easy
4) kick 00 fast 75 easy
100 easy
assigned 8 x 150 k with fins
did 8 x 100 k with no fins on 2:00
went 1:13 - 15 went 1:10 #8
assigned 3 x 400
did 3 x (4 x 50 done 25 SDK fast no breath, 25 easy)
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec?
Plan to go to:
1) SCM meet in San Antonio wk before
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
Friday Sep 18th, 2009
Training for:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
Days till Long Beach
lat press 8 x 40 8 x 45 8 x 50
bench press 8 x 135 5 x 190
lat pull 8 x 167 5 x 210
SCY no blocks
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
dove in on time
Swam with Todd Bartee
beside Larry & Jon, Mike V & Ned, Tyler & Marcio
2 rounds of 300 fr, 200 fr, 100 k
went 1:09 cruising the 2nd kick
Main Set
200 fast for time
did it from a dive 150 strong 2 beat kick, 50 stronger 6 beat kick
went 1:52
which is my best in practice 200 fr this season
200 easy
10 x 100 fr on 2:20
inx: hold the 100 time you get by dividing your 200 time by 2 then subtracting 2 sec,
which meant 54's for me
dove them
54, 54, 54, 55, 56,
56, 57, 58, 58, 52
100 easy
23 x 50 choice on 1:10 did them all free,
odds fast, 12
evens easy, 11
move 1 lane to the right after each swim,
except: after you swim in the last lane on the north side of the pool,
get out and walk to the south side,
skip that 50
went 25's, 26's & 7's,
tried harder when I raced Mike V
skipped an easy 50 when I shuffled from north to south
went 23 on the last one
100 easy
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec?
Plan to go to:
1) SCM meet in San Antonio wk before
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
Updated September 18th, 2009 at 12:59 PM by ande
Since I missed yesterday, I decided to get a short weight session in despite not wanting to do doubles this week. Didn't do too much. Had to restrain myself. lol
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
bicycles, 2 x 50
decline reverse crunches, 3 x 25
HS hi row, 90 x 1 x 5, 110 x 1 x 5, 130 x 1 x 10, 150 x 1 x 10, 170 x 1 x 10
HS bench press, 50 x 1 x 5, 70 x 1 x 5, 80 x 3 x 10
alternating hammers, 20 DBs x 2 x 30
external and internal rotators, 10 x 2 x 15, each arm
prone scapular scrunches w/handweights, 2 x 25
scapular wall slides, 2 x 25
15 minutes of stretching. Tried to work on my right calf; I feel like I strained something there ... Keep forgetting to use the damn foam roller. I have a 30 minute massage scheduled for tomorrow to work on it.
Saw a very buff guying doing a cool exercise today that was sort of like Chris' Bruce Lee leg raises. He was using the bar where I do hanging ab work. He did a hanging straight leg raise and then just kept going, keeping his legs straight all the way up to the bar where his hands were. Crazy. Naturally, I tried it -- couldn't do it at all. Damn weak core!
Drove to the Rec Center to do a wetsuit workout with my 2XU. I know pool workouts can't really simulate OW, but I gave it a bit of a whirl with a set of 22 x 100 (The half iron is 2112, assuming one swims straight). I didn't go all out at all, but tried to build into the swims and keep a pretty good clip. The first 5 were basically extended warm up. I wore fins to de-weight the shoulder, but didn't kick at all or SDK off the turns. So I don't think they decreased my times too much. I mentally swam the 100s in groups of 5 so I wouldn't lose count as I am wont to do at virtually any distance ... I had decided to take 15 seconds of rest between the 100s, figuring I'd go around 1:10s. (This is my version of a short rest set, though I know some of you crazies do much worse.) When I went under 1:10, I just took 17-18 seconds rest.
Warm up:
400 swim
200 kick
Main set:
22 x 100
#1-5, went 1:10s @ :15 RI
#6-10, went 1:08-09 @ :16-17 RI
#11-15, went 1:07-08 @ :17-18 RI
#16-17, went 1:07 @ :18 RI
#18-22, went 1:05-07 @ :18-20 RI
I didn't take any extra rest between the sets, just swam straight through. I swam the set, including the rest, in 29:30. The rest constituted about 5 minutes of the swim. Obviously wouldn't have gone quite as fast on the 100 splits without the rest (and wouldn't go as fast in OW w/o the pool walls). On the other hand, I wasn't going all out by any stretch. I didn't feel terrifically tired afterward, though I feel some arm fatigue now. It's hard for me to judge how long I can keep up a fairly fast rate without going into a nasty lactic acid phase. I think I'll try some alternating bursts of sprinting and cruising throughout the race.
I also began overheating at about #12, so suffered some on the last 10. When I took my wetsuit off afterward, my skin was hot. The pool temp was 82; Deep Creek is expected to be 68. So I shouldn't have this problem there.
I realize afterward that I should have done some sighting in there. Geek tells me he doesn't breathe when he sights. This seems like smart advice because then you're not lifting your head too high and disrupting your body position.
Then I did:
3 x (100 scull, 100 goswim free drill, 100 fly drill)
Total: 3800
Has anyone used the Roctane GU gel instead of the regular GU gel? I tried one today. I can't say I noticed any real difference (besides price). But it was thinner than regular GU, which I think tends to taste like frosting. So, this seemed like a plus. And I liked the blueberry-pomegranate flavor.
OW notes:
1. Ande gave me the following helpful advice:
"swim the first 200 very strong,
then look around, who ever's near you must be pretty good, settle in behind them and draft
when you're close to the finish line attempt to sprint past them and win
size matters,
find a fast large person & draft,
the bigger the better
180 lbs or more is ideal
120 - 150: not so good
120 or less: avoid
100 pounders don't make much current
Watch the field look for challengers
Eye the course & know the currents.
even if you're drafting, check now and then to make sure you're swimming the right direction"
No one should want to draft off me!
2. I've also been told it's a good idea to dolphin dive to the finish when you're hands can almost touch the bottom. Never would have thought of that.
3. I also tried my B70 goggles today. I bought the yellow mirrored ones. They were actually cheaper than the usual Speedo goggles I use and astonishingly comfortable. I really liked them.
Fall Ball:
Got an email from the meet director confirming that there will be touch pads and that we can do split requests. I'm really happy about the touch pads b/c I hate doing backstroke starts without them. Plus, it's nice to get your splits when you're swimming 100s and 200s! I hope the new pool is nice.
Updated September 16th, 2009 at 10:54 PM by The Fortress
Wednesday Sep 16th, 2009
weighed 211
here's teammate pics from La Jolla Rough water
Felt better today, slept more
Training for:
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
Days till Long Beach
lat press 8 x 45 8 x 50 6 x 55 5 x 60
lat pull 6 x 195 5 x 205
bench press 6 x 185
leg press 8 x 270 8 x 360
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
dove in on time
Swam with Paul & Larry
beside Ned, Brad, & Jon
4 rounds of 100 frl 100 k 100 im
worked the kicks some went 1:13 on last one
Main Set
4 rounds of
((5 x 100 on 1:20 inx: get in a groove
ave 69
assigned 4 x 50 round 1 fl, round 2 bk, 3 br, 4 fr
1) 12.5 fast 37.5 easy
2) 25.0 fast 25.0 easy
3) 37.5 fast 12.5 easy
5) 50 fast Get time
did: swam 1, skipped 2, 3, swam 4 fast ))
assigned: 40 x 25 with FINs Did the set but didn't wear fins
1) 10 kick on :20 made it
2) 10 no breath on :30
3) 10 kick on :20 made it
4) 10 fast break outs, I worked SDK
50 easy
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec?
Plan to go to:
1) SCM meet in San Antonio wk before
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
Updated September 16th, 2009 at 09:55 PM by ande
I woke up rather tired today, but dragged myself off to the gym this afternoon and got going pretty quickly. I had a much longer time to work out as my little one was at a playdate. So I got in a pretty major workout, which I'm sure I'll feel tomorrow. And I didn't have to skimp on RC exercises! I increased weight on most exercises and skipped the pushing and pulling today.
10 minutes on bike to warm up
bicep curl w/BB, 30 x 1 x 15, 40 x 2 x 15
leg extensions, 90 x 3 x 15
seated leg curls, 110 x 3 x 15
HS rear delt fly, 85 x 3 x 12
overhead tricep press w/BB, 30 x 3 x 15
goblet squats, 60 x 3 x 15
cable twists w/yoga ball, 50 x 2 x 15, each side
decline reverse crunches, 3 x 25
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
plyo: 2 forward lunges + broadjump, 1 x 15
reverse knee flexion on Free Motion hamstring machine, 15 x 5 x 10 each leg
(did this laying down, with foot in strap, pulling knee to chest)
lying leg raise w/weight on double cable free motion machine, 50 x 2 x 15
(lie on back, hook cable handles around shoes, pull down, slowly lift legs up and lift ass off the ground, lower and pull legs down against weight)
RC work:
seated straight arm dips, 60 x 2 x 25
external and internal rotators, 10 x 3 x 15, each arm
prone scapular scrunches w/handweights, 3 x 25
chops on yoga ball w/handweights, 2 x 15 with thumbs down and 2 x 15 with thumbs up
scapular wall slide, 2 x 25
overhead med ball toss on wall, 2 x 50
stretch 15 minutes
ate a balance bar and headed to the pool ...
Put on my 2XU today. It seemed to fit very well, and I didn't mind the sleeves at all. (I know some OW swimmers hate them.) It's also a little strange feeling some water swooshing in the wetsuit. Only had time for a quick workout, and I was pretty tired from yesterday's workout and today's long weight session:
500 warm up
8 x 100 @ 1:40
200 fly drills
200 goswim free drill that Quick posted
200 scull
Total: 2000 meters
Note: I was going much faster in these 100s than I did the last time I did 100s on this interval with the same perceived level of effort.
Weekly totals:
Swim: 5x (15,200)
Weights/dryland: 4x
Run: 1x
Looking forward to my scheduled day off tomorrow. Having a big birthday party at the house for Mini Fort, cross country met and soccer game for Lil lil Fort, so no time to work out anyway.
The plan for next week is to work S-M-T and then take it a bit easier the next 3-4 days. I'm feeling pretty beat up from drylands and don't want to swim a long race super tired from weights. Oddly, though I absolutely thrashed my legs this week with weights and kicking, my shoulders feel more sore than the legs ...
I was reflecting today that a year ago I almost quit weights because I was always so sore. By comparison, I now feel like a gym rat!
Updated September 12th, 2009 at 09:54 AM by The Fortress
Friday Sep 11th, 2009
09/11 Weight: 211
bought my air ticket for Long Beach last night. Tyler, Todd, & Mike V did too.
Hope more Longhorn Masters Swimmers join us. It's a fun meet.
2009 SPMA Short Course Meters Championships
December 4th - 6th, 2009 at Long Beach
Flying out Thursday & home Monday
83 Days to go
Lat Press
Lat Pull
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
Swam with Nate
beside Tyler, Larry, & Mike V
dove in on time
WORE FULL B70 (old one from 2008, the new ones are better)
20 minutes choice
did 100's & 50's free
Main Set
dove all the fast swims
500 FR Fast
went 5:09
100 easy
10 x 100 fr on 2:15 strong for time
Inx: hold 5 sec faster pace than what I held on 500
went 56, 56, several 57's, a 58 then 54 on last one
100 easy
200 fr fast
went 2:02
hurtin and just didn't get after the 2nd 100 like I should have
100 easy
8 x 50 fr fast on 1:15
Inx: go 2 sec faster than 50 pace on 200
held 27's went 23 on last one
100 easy
This was a tough workout, I'm pretty spent.
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec?
1) a yet to be named SCM meet in San Antonio
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
Updated September 11th, 2009 at 12:19 PM by ande
Traveled to Mason today to swim with Speedo -- the teammate I never get to train with because he prefers the 4:45 am sessions with Coach Distance.
Today, we did a power sprint workout thusly:
Warm up:
700 variety swim, kick, drill
10 x 50 free @ 45
10 x 25 shooters @ :30
(5 belly, 5 back)
Nasty Ass Power Kick Set:
5 x 100 w/~30sec between, done by 25s as:
*** Push off, kick 12-13 high cycle SDK's surfacing into cruise free with a strong 6 beat (overkick);
*** at the first wall finish hands first and go immediately into a 10 second all out kick against the wall (painful);
*** Stop, then backstroke start (no blocks today ), 12-13 high cycle SDK's then cruise backstroke (no overkicking for me on backstroke, don't like it), race finish touch on the opposite wall;
*** immediately start 3rd 25 doing forward "V" sit scull (NOT on your back, feet out of the water looking toward the opposite side sculling, body in a V with ass toward the bottom of the pool and back toward wall). As previously indicated, Speedo totally cheated on these!
*** At the final wall when your feet touch pull into the wall then explode with 12-13 high cycle SDK's and then easy free to wall.
*** 15 wall ups + 50 bicycles (Pete didn't look too happy starting these, though he was very gung ho on the wall ups.)
At the time, this didn't seem nearly as nasty as the last time I did this set. You do get to recover some on the sculling part. However, I'm feeling rather thrashed now, so I think I am feeling the effects. I'm sure Pete is fresh as a daisy and plowing through his one hour Lezak routine tonight. :-P Or, perhaps he feels as thrashed as me and will content himself with one of his specialty beers. I know I'm having some pinot tonight.
Sprint Set:
8 x 25 AFAP w/fins + 25 EZ @ 2:00
7 free
1 back shooter no fins
Unlike me, Pete actually looked at the clock. He was going mid 11s on free, so I think I was a high 10 or 11.0 or so. The first 5 felt pretty good. Felt like I was petering out and having sloppy breakouts on #6-7. Switched to a back shooter on the last one. Went 15. I cramped some during these; need to order Leg Cramps.
Total: 2800
15 minutes in hottub
I feel like I did a lot more yardage than I actually did ...
Doing the power kick/dryland set right before the speed set made for a hard workout. I think if you really wanted to focus exclusively on sprint speed, it might be better to do the 8 x 25s as a separate workout. On the other hand, it's good to get used to going fast when you're tired. And halfway through the 25s, I definitely felt tired. I tried not to whine as Pete, like most speedy Mason masters and unlike Hulk (;0), is not a whiner. But I suspect he was secretly puking in the locker room after our practice, though he professed to be rushing off to go back to work. He did concede that doing this set regularly would improve his kicking and racing.
Pete and I briefly discussed Cross Fit, strength etc. He mentioned that he had overheard a lifter in the weight room comment that is was desirable to do both power lifting and speed working on the same day in the weight room. Apparently, mixing a workout this way, enhances both power and speed more effectively. We were hoping Q or Jazz could comment on that ...
This was interesting to me as I've been planning on doing both power and speed lifting the next few months (and not periodizing it like Lezak). But it hadn't occurred to me to do both in the same session.
OK, feeling a bit . Shoulder has been cranky the last couple days so I am doing 3 x 10 minutes of icing tonight a la Hulk.
Oh, one of our new teammates was there training at lunchtime. He's young and pretty fast. He looked in awe of Pete when I said he was the fastest freestyler on our team and told his times!
My 2XU arrived in the mail today. I think I'll try it on tomorrow. It is ridiculously heavy and fat and squashy. Tomorrow, I plan to hit the weight room in the am and then go to Mason to swim in it. The other pools I frequent are just too warm.
I love that it says "max buoyancy" right on the suit.
Med Ball in the pool:
This looks really really hard.
[ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPAXAYq_T-w&feature=player_embedded"]YouTube - Faster Fast Sprint Freestyle Training for Explosive Speed & Power with Richard Quick, Brett Hawke and Bryan Karkoska[/ame]
Updated September 11th, 2009 at 07:02 PM by The Fortress
I was planning to attend a spin class today but, as Geek noted, the traffic was appalling. So I turned around and went home. Got in 30 minutes of drylands instead and a swim. Stole a couple sets from the mysterious lurking She Puff's 7600 yard (ouch!) Labor Day workout.
external and internal rotators on cable machine, 10 x 3 x 15, each arm
forward lunges w/20 lb DBs, 2 x 15
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
iron monkeys, 3 x 25
flys on cybex machine, 50 x 2 x 10
(didn't like the machine)
hip flexion on yoga ball (back of shoulders on ball, one leg bent, one leg out, lower hips to ground and back up -- very hard)
jazz's RC exercise on wall (scapular wall slide), 2 x 25
3 point arm extensions, 3 x 3 x 15
Warm up:
700 variety swim, kick, drill
Main sets:
3 x through:
1 x 300 free @ 4:00
3 x 150, done as 50 free + 100 kick + 15 wall ups/pull outs @ :15 rest interval (work middle 50 of 100 kick, 6 SDKs off each wall)
extra :30 rest
1 x 50 fast SDK w/fins (went 25, 24, 24)
4 x 200 tempo dolphin kick on back w/fins @ 2:50
Total: 4200
Swim: 2150
Kick: 2050
I was somewhat tired today from the hard workouts and weights from the last couple days (not to mention much less sleep ). Didn't feel particularly "fast." I am tentatively planning on doing Patrick/Paul's workout from yesterday tomorrow. But I suspect my shoulders may be sore from all the free and the wall ups, so I may kick the aerobic portions.
Updated September 8th, 2009 at 06:49 PM by The Fortress
Tuesday Sep 8th, 2009
weighed 217 after practice
lat press 10 x 40 8 x 45 8 x 50 8 x 55
lat pull 8 x 156 5 x 205 5 x 205
bench press 10 x 135 5 x 185
leg press 10 x 180 8 x 270
(right knee & left thigh hurt a little)
6:30 - 8:00
Whitney coached
UT Swim Center
Swam with Tyler, Todd, & Mike
beside Nate Ned, Larry & Sierra who did the Austin Tri
500 easy
Main Set
4 rounds (one each stroke) of
4 x 25 desc
3 x 50 desc
2 x 75 1 easy 1 strong
100 strong
100 easy
2 x 25 SDK
5 x 25 easy
2 x 25 SDK
5 x 25 easy
25 br fast
tyler timed
went 12.9
easy 50
25 br fast
tyler timed
went 12.8
easy 50
25 br fast
tyler timed
went 13.0
looking for a couple SCM Meets in Nov or Dec, we'll see, want a fast pool & a big meet to provide more rest between events
1) a yet to be named SCM meet in San Antonio
2) SPMA Short Course Meters Championships in
Long Beach, CA
Friday December 4 - Sunday 6, 2009
3) Ron Johnson Invitational in
Tempe, AZ
11/21/2009 - 11/22/2009
This was my last regular day of sleeping in. School starts tomorrow here in lovely Fairfax County. My oldest two, of course, aren't that excited about it and are grumbling about their schedules. But my youngest is sooooo happy. And I'm happy for her. She's moved to the GT Center, has a fabulous teacher and only 21 kids in her class. Doesn't get better than that!
After lunch, I went to the gym and did the following:
I've started keeping track on my iphone "note" function so I don't forget what I'm doing. Very handy! I increased weight on most exercises.
leg extensions, 70 x 3 x 15
seated leg curls, 90 x 3 x 15
goblet squats, 50 x 3 x 15
leg press, 310 x 1 x 15, 330 x 1 x 15, 350 x 1 x 15
HS hi row, 140 x 3 x 10
tricep press, 60 x 3 x 15
seated rear delt fly, 70 x 3 x 15
seated straight arm dips for RC, 60 x 2 x 25
windshield wipers, 2 x 25
long arm crunches, 2 x 50
chin ups, 3 x 7
Ran down to the pool to get in a quickie workout before it closed:
500 warm up
15 x 100 free @ 1:40
Total: 2000 meters
Meant to do 20 x 100, but I ran out of time. Was trying to do some free on fairly short rest to quasi prep for the 1.2 mile swim. Kept an fairly even pace the whole way. Perhaps I should do it again at a slightly faster pace to see if I could sustain it; I felt like I got into a fairly decent rhythm/zone. This is the most consecutive freestyle I can recall doing in many ages ...
Order another pair of mirrored goggles today and more nose clips. I broke my last clip today -- egads!
Came home and, instead of drinking endurox, drank wine with some friends. Had our relay mate for Savageman over -- so there was much talk of hills. he and Mr. Fort driven and rode/run the course, so they're much more prepared than me!
Oh, I've heard the WSJ is doing an article on masters swimming.
Updated September 7th, 2009 at 10:50 PM by The Fortress


text:
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• These values ensure the reconciliation of the needs of corporations and individuals, while allowing individuals to develop their professional and personal potential.
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• We provide exceptional opportunities for students and graduates through alumni networking and our network of 10,000+ partner companies that add to the academic value of our programs.
Meet with us / Upcoming Events« Prospective candidates, we are coming for you » FIGS advisors will be travelling around the globe withing the next...
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The schools assist the students in finding companies for the corporate placement period with Career Management training sessions.
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Our schools are located in 14 different cities and campuses, all established in main French dynamic city centers (Paris, Lyon, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes…), offering
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Partially funded by NIH Training Grant 5T32 DC005363-04.
A Novel Controlled Local Drug Delivery System for Inner Ear Disease†
Article first published online: 2 JAN 2009
DOI: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31815f8e41
Copyright © 2008 The Triological Society
The Laryngoscope
Volume 118, Issue 4, pages 706–711, April 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Paulson, D. P., Abuzeid, W., Jiang, H., Oe, T., O'Malley, B. W. and Li, D. (2008), A Novel Controlled Local Drug Delivery System for Inner Ear Disease. The Laryngoscope, 118: 706–711. doi: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31815f8e41
- †
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 JAN 2009
- Article first published online: 2 JAN 2009
- Manuscript Accepted: 24 OCT 2007
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- Drug delivery;
- chitosan glycerophosphate;
- hydrogel;
- dexamethasone;
- mouse;
- ear;
- perilymph analysis
Purpose: Our goal is to develop a novel drug delivery system that can potentially improve clinical outcomes compared to current methods of dosing drugs such as dexamethasone or gentamicin. This system focuses on a single local application to the inner ear via the round window membrane.
Hypothesis: A chitosan-glycerophosphate (CGP)-hydrogel based drug delivery system can be engineered to provide local and sustained drug release to the inner ear.
Study Design: In vitro: drug release and (CGP)-hydrogel matrix degradation were characterized using dexamethasone as a model drug. In vivo: dexamethasone laden CGP-hydrogel was placed in the round window niche of mice. Perilymph samples were obtained from the oval window and analyzed for dexamethasone. The impact of CGP-hydrogel on auditory function was evaluated.
Results: In vitro: A CGP-hydrogel was designed to release 92% of the dexamethasone load over 4 consecutive days with concurrent degradation of the hydrogel matrix. In vivo: After surgical placement of CGP-hydrogel to the round window niche, we detected elevated levels of dexamethasone in perilymph for 5 days. Auditory function testing revealed a temporary hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period, which resolved by the 10th postoperative day.
Conclusions: We report the development of CGP-hydrogel, a biodegradable matrix that achieves local, sustained delivery of dexamethasone to the inner ear. There were no significant complications resulting from the surgical procedure or the administration of CGP-hydrogel to our murine model.


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Every student's story is different, and how you choose to take advantage of the numerous opportunities to learn, grow and flourish is up to you. Each year, talented students from around the world bring their intellect, work ethic and enthusiasm to Grove City College and make the most of all the Department of Economics and the campus have to offer. Research opportunities, unique work experiences and student clubs and organizations are just a few of the ways our students get involved.
I'm the second person in my family to attend Grove City College — my older brother came here and absolutely loved it. I like the fact that it's a small Christian school, but it's big enough at the same time. One of my favorite parts of campus is the buildings — I think they're beautiful. I also like having my friends near me – it's so nice to just go down...Read More
By my senior year of high school, I had happily chosen to attend Grove City College and was in the process of choosing a major. Two years of policy debate in high school had piqued my interest in the subject of economics, and I tentatively decided to give it a fair chance. The school's Austrian economics program appealed to me; I was fascinated by this rigorous system based on deduc...Read More
My daily commute to Grove City College gives me the best of all worlds: tuition is affordable, I pay no room and board, and I can continue to work evenings. Plus it gives me a bit of private time before class. It's making my dream of getting a quality education a reality for me.
Grove City College has a great reputation, so I know that I'll be able to find a good job in my major when I graduate....Read More
I've lived all over the world and believe that the true purpose of education is to feed and educate the whole person. At Grove City College I found the emphasis on the humanities I wanted and the Christian environment I needed. I was able to examine, reflect and appreciate what I learned from past generations — the values that were passed on to me and the sense of honor and respect that helped me to become the person I am today. I enjoyed living, working and learning ...Read More
Often, our students intern at economic and public policy think tanks including the Charles Koch Institute, the Heritage Foundation and others.
The minor equips students with an excellent foundation to understand and apply western classical economic theory in contemporary society, serving as an excellent complement to any other field of study.
Economics students at Grove City College are also encouraged to take advantage of a variety of extracurricular resources such as conferences, seminars and study abroad opportunities to deepen their economic understanding.
After completing both major and core requirements, students will be able to articulate and critique a variety of economic viewpoints and will be equipped for careers in a wide range of fields including economics, public policy and philanthropy.
Economics students practice and develop their knowledge through a variety of research opportunities, including independent studies and research assistantships with economics faculty.
Our economics graduates are well poised for graduate study in economics or law, as well as direct entry into careers in business, public policy and the non-profit sector.


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The sound of a human neck being quickly snapped, made for an action movie I'm working on. (It's actually the ...
pretty clean(a little noise in the end); breaking neck/bone; -------------- mixed together using some sounds from freesound
Combined cracks of branches to make one big super crack!
KONICHIWA! Free SE from Japan http://taira-komori.jpn.org/freesounden.html
KONICHIWA! Free SE from Japan http://taira-komori.jpn.org/freesounden.html
vinyl-sourced telegraphic percussive distressed record skip, producing drum effect
Kid playing with a noisemaker that makes clapping noise. I think I processed it to make more.
Short button sound. Recorded, mixed and mastered in cAve studio, Plzen, 2002 you can support me by sending me some ...
Tapping the sides of an aluminum can.
sound-design created from processing detritus with Adobe Audition
recording of the back of headphones being rubbed together
Striking a match Recorded using Zoom H1 You are free to use it anywhere and mix it with anything. No ...
Short clicks and pops recorded from a single LP record. I carved into the surface of the record with my ...
fm percussion loop made with Yamaha DX100


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Arms Reach Co-Sleeper Mini Clear-Vue - Natural
The CO-SLEEPER brand Clear Vue bassinet provides you with total visibility at all times - nothing to block the view of your infant. This unit has built in leg extensions and converts from Co-Sleeper brand bassinet to a free-standing bassinet. Four caster wheels make it easy to move around the house. Deep basket allows storage for all your baby needs. Includes mattress and one fitted sheet. Assembly required. Only for an infant up to approximately 5 months in age or when child begins to push up on hands & knees, which ever comes first. Same size as the CO-SLEEPER brand Mini, this product takes the same accessories!
Dimensions: 34"x 20"x31"
Product Weight: 24 lbs
Sheet Dimensions: 33"x19"
Mattress Dimensions: 31"x17.5"x1"
*Note - the product does not come with ruffle.
Product Notes
|Co-Sleeper Mini Clear-Vue - Natural
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