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Electrolux Oven Glass
Has anyone else have their very expensive Electrolux Wall Oven glass break on its own? I just looked into the oven as we were cooking some fish and saw that the inside piece of glass has a huge creak going around the whole piece of glass. I just checked and we bought this thing less than three years ago. Anyone else have this, is their any recourse?
I've never seen any posts, at least in Garden Web, about broken glass in an Elux oven. (You could try googling Electrolux oven broken glass) to see if this problem has cropped up anywhere else.
3 years, one suspects your recourse will be to "Check the contents of your wallet,
(the green stuff).
In the Elux Operator's manual, it does show how to remove the glass for cleaning, (Or at least it does in my Elux Icon Oven Manual). (Some ovens required a service call to clean the inside of that glass,)
You will have to call Electrolux and order the glass.
If you decide to DIY, be very careful with the cracked/broken glass!
Good luck and let us know how it goes.
I have seen posts on Elux, Wolf and others - spontaneous breaking of the oven glass. It is rare but does happen. The others were "blow out" meaning the glass broke into zillions of pieces (not jagged as it is safety/tempered)
I would not use it with the crack.
The Elux rep monitors this site - I think the name is Chris Polk - not sure if male or female.
Try searching for the name and you might get contact information.
Good luck
Thanks for the information. My manual does not show how to remove the glass but there are some YouTube videos showing how to do it on Frigidare ovens which seem to be similar. I ordered the glass from Electrolux and was informed that there would be a $100 "diagnostic charge" for the repair person if they came out to see the problem. I have diagnosed the problem and I'm pretty sure the glass has a huge crack in it. Hopefully I will be able to replace it myself over the protests of the Electrolux guy on the phone. He talked about proprietary tools I would need to get at the glass. He hinted at a $300 plus charge to replace a piece of glass on the inner panel of the oven.
Here is a link to a blog on how to remove the glass.
I could post the instructions from my manual, but since my oven is
circa de 2006, This blog may be more current.
Click the helpful link below to see the blog
Note the lack of "Proprietary Tools" in the blog!
Here is a link that might be useful: removing Elux Oven glass
This post was edited by dodge59 on Fri, Apr 12, 13 at 22:06
Electrolux/Frigidaire has a rep for being very tight when it comes to their spare parts.
Presuming your order does show up eventually, be aware that some of their lightweight more modern door designs require extra care.
Some can be identified by a machine screw and special spacer that hold the door handle, outside skin, and inside skin under compression along the top of the door. If they all start to separate as you loosen the two handle screws, stop. You will need a suitable work area where you can use something like a number of adjustable plastic woodworking clamps with cushioned jaws to hold everything under compression around the door while you remove the handle screws and smaller screws along the bottom of the door. Then evenly loosen all the clamps in several stages.
This is trying to prevent the worst case scenario.
Getting the glass changed then finding the door skin is bent out of shape and looks awful sort of ruins your day.
This post was edited by laat2 on Fri, Apr 12, 13 at 22:26


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New Lawn Tractor
Giving my 3 year old HQV to son in law and looking for new unit. It is the 24 horse kow engine that is real nice, but the bagger belt was an issue so I will look at other brands. Budget is around $5k. Have 1 acre, some hills. Will only mow and bring the boat up to driveway from back yard. Want decent sized unit since I am a big boy. I have owned 2 HQV, also JD and Toro which were good units. Need good bagger for leaves as I have a lot of trees and will buy from dealer with maintenance service. Not a fan of Kohler engines. Will only mow and tow a lawn cart, no snow or garden needs. Not really wanting zero turn but tractor with tight steering would be nice. mid 40 to 50 inch deck or so. Plan on keeping this for a while so price could increase slightly if needed. Have a nice bluegrass lawn so want a good cut. Want quality unit. I am in SW Michigan. Any comments welcomed.
You may think you don't really want a zero turn until you start using one. It's so fast! If you actually like spending your time mowing for a day, then a ZTR is not for you. But if you like to get er done and have time for other stuff, the ZTR is the only way to go. Been there, done that. Had lawn tractors before, with and without baggers, now have a JD 425 EZtrak with fan assisted bagger and will never go back. Short learning curve using the sticks. Of course this is just my opinion...YMMV.

subset: commoncrawl


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Rooting salvia cuttings
I have tried all aspects of technique for rooting salvias, from dipping cut end in rooting hormone and putting in moist medium, putting cuttings in water, to the rooting gels, all to no avail. Then this spring I was transplanting a Salvia corrugata plant and it was a bit brittle and I broke off the leading tip. In frustration at my clumsiness, after planting the main plant, I put the broken off end into moist soil and let it be in the shade. A few days later it perked up and it must have rooted because it is growing quite nicely now. I guess I was just working too hard! I thought it was funny, and had to share.
I bought S van houttii last year and worried about it surving the frosts we often get. That winter I took several cuttings. Only one managed to root. When I planted it, I, too, snapped a piece off. I was annoyed and just stuck it in the ground near the cutting. Both of these took off, bushed out, and look even better than the parent plant.
I've been advised that cuttings strike according to the seasons. I know someone who is experimenting with bottom heating and she says she's been taking cuttings out of season and rooting them successfully using this method. I know someone else who's taken many cuttings of Hot Lips and is really happy with how easy they root but I've yet to be successful! What strikes, what doesn't, when and how remains a mystery to me.
I turn my lights on in the basement when I'm rooting cuttings in the summer. Down there the rooting medium stays wetter and the temperatures are cooler.
Now I'll add a question. I had very mixed success with rooting some of my bush sages. Rasperry Delight seems to take ok, but Raspberry Royal has been almost a total failure. Has anyone noticed that cuttings from fatter stems seem to take quicker and better? Many of my cuttings were from wind broken stems from which I could take up to four or five cuttings. The lower fatter stems seemed to root quite well on the "Delight", while the thinner upper parts of the stems rooted slowly if they rooted at all. Perhaps it is not worth the trouble to root those thin cuttings?
The above being said, I took cuttings of all sizes from San Carlos Festival and Wild Watermelon over the weekend. I'm hoping for the best since I'll need those rooted plants next year.
Joseph & Cait, I have long known that I couldn't root things in the house or if I paid any attention to them at all(read overwatering). Outdoors, I just tuck bits of plants into my pots in a shaded position & water every couple of days & like magic they root! In the house, it's the same scenario each time, they look great until one day they lose all their leaves(or they lose them one at a time). It seems that neglect works best for me!
wardw, I've never been able to figure out which part of the stem does best, so I try them all! I suspect it's more the time of the year that matters as Westelle pointed out.
I agree with you, Rose. Often 'neglect' is the best rooting agent. I've had the most success by potting the cuttings then leaving them under my rosemary bush! The bush is about 4 ft high, 2 stakes on either side with a string attached. The string holds the stems upright in the middle but there's a kind of umbrella effect from the stems that fall over the string. I guess it works as a kind of cold frame.
I've also had success when rooting cuttings and leaving them in the house. I've only just started experimenting with taking cuttings in winter - it's winter for me now - and the winter-flowering salvias seem to strike ok. But I have more winter flowering species to experiment with while last year I only had the van houttii. The greggii cuttings I've taken seem to strike better when taken in spring and early summer. The same with buchananii.
As you said, I, too, have never been able to figure out which part of the stem does best when it comes to cuttings. And for me that's part of the fun - to just 'do it' and see what happens!
Thanks for the feedback folks. And certainly the unexpected is one of things that keep things interesting. These chat areas are still fairly new to me. In the old days you either had to buy a book, learn from gardening neighbors, or just go with the old trial and error method. If nothing else these sessions have steepened my learning curve.
DH broke off some Mulberry Jam, which I promptly took to the potting area and stuck in a new pot. I paid more attention to what I was doing because of this thread.
1. I agree that the larger cuttings seem to root better.
2. I always strip-off the lowest one or two sets of leaves; this seems to be where the new roots come from.
3. I make a tent out of a plastic bag held up off the cuttings with a stick. I leave that on for a week or so, or until the cuttings seem to not be wilty anymore.
4. Finally I put the pot in a shadier area.
Joseph, that is the only way I have ever rooted a Salvia cutting -- accidently breaking a stem, sticking it in soil in semi-shade, and a few weeks later it perks up. Even the cuttings in the sunnier spots (even in pots that I forget to water) do the best.
Pelargoniums also root very easily in the same way.
I work at a nursery and we have several salvias that we grow from cuttings. It's really pretty easy, and of all of the plants we grow from cuttings, Salvias and Pelargoniums are probably some of the easiest. Here is how we do the cuts.
1. We take about a 3/4" cut from the tip. You want to get new growth that's healthy looking.
2. Strip off all but 2 or 3 sets of leaves. Take off all flowers. You want the plant to produce roots, not try to flower.
3. We don't usually use rooting hormone, but we do use heat mats.
4. We also use a seed/cutting starter mix. It's finer than regular potting soil.
5. They don't need to be covered, but do mist them a couple of times a day.
We have really good results this way. The only real stinker this year was Chiapensis. Maybe it's because the stems are thinner.
I had thought of using bottom heat, but last year I had mixed results with that method. It looks like it is time to try it again. Anything that will get these things rooted so they can go out in the nursery bed. My second set of cuttings from San Carlos Festival and Wild Watermelon seem to have rooted, at least they don't yield to a gentle pull. The earlier June cuttings of Raspberry Delight are now ready for the nursery bed, that is once the temperatures quit being in the upper 90s late this week.
Thanks to everyone for their advice.
I finally successfully rooted 2 salvia guarantica Black & Blues! Both in small pots and only one had a clear plastic covering with holes. Just kept them moist for a few weeks and now they are about 3 times the size. I left them on my porch which gets full sun for about 3 hours of the hottest part of the day, but theyre mostly semi-shade. I would say it took over a month.
also stuck a Salvia Leucantha cutting that was about 6 inches long and stuck it in a full sun area. The thing is about a foot now.
I have been rooting salvias for years now and have found them to be one of the easiest of all the things I root. I try to take a cutting with at least two nodes on it. I was told by a professional that you need at least two nodes so that the cutting will return the next year in the garden. I trim all of the leaves off except at the very top. If the leaves are large, I cut them in half. I stick the cuttings in a mixture of perlite and sand. I spritz with the hose twice a day and in about two weeks, they are rooted. They are in the shade but that is about all I do to them. If your cutting bends when you try to stick in your medium, it is too thin. Move a little further down the stem. It works for me. Trina
Hi, Trina and all,
I like the two node idea. I've taken some cuttings where there were a several nodes and try to get as many of them as possible under soil.
This reminded me of something that was said to me about planting salvias - that you can plant them deeper than they were in their original pot. Because I live in a windy area and have had plants blown over I try do this this whenever possible, especially with the taller growing salvias. Makes for a much sturdier plant.
This morning I moved all the rooted babies from their communal pots into individual pots. I trimmed them all back too so I would have denser plants.
Then I filled-up the big communal pots with fresh soil, striped the leaves off the prunings and stuck those in the ground too. We'll see how well they all take in the shade at 110º.
For Salvia greggiis, try to get vegetative cuttings before they set flower. For Salvia nemerosas, they are very susceptible to variuos kinds of fungal diseases and root rots. It may not show up in the Mother plant, but the cuttings will wither and die. Surface disinfect them with hydrogen peroxide from the drugstore dilted 1:2 or household belach diluted 1:20. I prefer the hydrogen peroxide as it is easy to overdo it with the bleach. Also, the hydrogen peroxide doesn't need to be rinsed, which you should do with the bleach


text:
1941 Willys Pro Street Hemi CoupeTo be OFFERED AT AUCTION at Auctions America's Fort Lauderdale event, March 27-29, 2015. Click here to view this... More
1940 Willys Speedster Street Rod. All steel body, 468/692 HP blower, Tan leather Bucket seats, Billet steering wheel with a show quality engine... More
This truly beautiful Gasser inspired 1941 Willys Coupe is a tribute to the glory days of drag racings golden era. The fiberglass body is... More


text:
Veterans of Foreign Wars
Firestone Post 3383
Veterans of Foreign Wars Post #3383
690 W. Waterloo Rd.
Akron, OH 44314-1546
Phone: 330-745-0127
Post email address: email@example.com
January 2015
COMMANDER'S CORNER: Bob Smith, Commander
Let's begin the year with happiness and camaraderie. Ask an acquaintance to join the post or an auxiliary.
DATES TO REMEMBER: (check calendar also)
Jan. 1, 2015 New Year's Day - POST Open
Jan. 13 Post Meeting @ 7:30 p.m.
Jan. 15 Men's Aux. Meeting @ 6:30 p.m.
Jan. 20 Ladies Aux. Meeting @ 6:30 p.m.
Jan. 22-25 Mid Winter Conference @ Independence, OH
I want to take this opportunity to let everyone know that this is the last newsletter that I will publish. Ron & Carol Husk have volunteered to take over the reins and keep this excellent monthly publication going. There is also a great weekly electronic newsletter that is sent out via email by the Post. If you are interested in receiving this e-newsletter, please send your email address to Mick Duvall at firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you, Barbara
2015 GUN RAFFLE - tickets for the 5th annual Gun Raffle will be available January 15, 2015. Each year all of you have done a great job for our Post. The 2014 Gun Raffle raised over $26,000. We are going to sell 600 tickets with 34 weapons on the main board. Tickets are $50.00 each. The winner of the Springfield 45 is ticket #34, Robert Haley. Congratulations. Dave Noaker, 330-784-2503.
CANTEEN NEWS: Marianne Beall.
HAPPY NEW YEAR! Hope your holidays were happy.
· Monday lunches 11:00 - 1:30
· Friday dinners 4:30 - 7:30
Jan. 2 - NO food
Jan. 9 - Rubens served with side German Potato salad and coleslaw & Grilled Italian or Turkey Bacon Subs served with side of rigatoni
Jan. 16 - Burgers & Wings
Jan. 23 - Burgers & Wings
Jan. 30 - Fish Fry
Excellent fare -- hope to see you soon.
· It's 2015 -- if you still have your red key card, it won't work!! New Key cards are here. Get yours with your paid up dues or Life Member card.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION: The Post House Committee meets every Tuesday at 6:30 p.m. The Committee will be available at approx. 7:00 p.m. to address any comments, suggestions and/or complaints you may have.


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If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.
Why Sayed Kashua is leaving Jerusalem and never coming back
Everything people had told him since he was a teenager is coming true. Jewish-Arab co-existence has failed.
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I'm incapable of writing a word. I'll wait until my boys get back from day camp, then maybe I'll be able to calm down a little.
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Artist: Hall And Oates
Album: Daryl Hall & John Oates
Genre: Rock
Hall And Oates
Daryl Hall And John Oates
Grounds For Separation
(Daryl Hall)
Tin can sound and a dead-eyed crowd
Can turn a sane man crazy and a crazy man sad
I can fight with the best, but I can only go so many rounds
And that's grounds for separation
Preparation for better things
Gonna grow a new set of wings
And fly away
Robot action, conditioned response
Manufacture feeling like the Tool and Die
I can turn it on but I'm holding back the guarantee
And that's grounds for separation
Preparation for better things
Gonna grow a new set of wings
And fly away
Music, it's my life and I've got it in me
But isn't it a bit like oxygen, 'cause too much will make you high
But not enough will make you die
So I gotta keep it under control
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The Rapunzel Project Reviews
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Spreading awareness through their hard work and generosity. These people helped my children by helping me save my hair. I cannot thank them enough.
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Darkfall Set For Launch 80
from the super-fast-dev-cycles dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
It sounds like a review of Ultima Online. Apparently you can do *anything*, and on the internet that generally reduces to "be a prick".
According to the Ten Ton Hammer preview, this game features rampant kill stealing and quite possibly the worst community of any MMO, ever.
I hate to say this, but a lot of people like drama.
And not the BBC kind... The one with women in too much makeup with orange skin arguing over inane shit in Los Angles kind.
Its what America needs.
Group thuggery. That's the only way to go in these MMORPGs.
It's all about the real-world type scenario, not the artificial, "balanced" system.
One Eve Online poster has as his
See, "in reality", if you are average, half of you will be dead after your first fight. Only 1/4 will be alive after 2, and so on. The best fighter in the world would be lucky to win 99% of his fights. Aerial dogfight aces and wild west villains, which would be "bosses" in a game, typically have about 20 or so "kills" during their entire lifetimes, and that's what it takes to get legendary. Red Baron, Eddie Rickenboker, Jessie James, Black Bart, et al.
And yes, in Eve, you can lose stuff that makes purple gear with a hundred raids across six months look like crying over a lost cracked wolf pup tooth.
Think of loot in these games as closer to picking up power-ups in a game like Quake.
The game's setting is within the vacuum of outer space. I don't care how much content they add, it'll still be a whole lotta nothing and shouldn't take up much of your hard disc.
You can be replaced by this computer.


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Silver 'Dority' platform court shoes
Item No.0520102069
From Call It Spring, these silver 'Dority' platform court shoes have a high stiletto heel with a peep toe and twist strap design to the front. They have four straps across the ankle and a zip fastening to the rear.
This item is available for
UK Home Delivery Free (UK orders over £30) or £3.99
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text:
The invention is directed toward a bone-tendon-bone assembly extended between two shaped cancellous bone blocks and a method of inserting same in a joint. Each substantially cylindrically shaped cancellous bone block has a central through going bore, a flat exterior longitudinal surface and a channel longitudinally cut in the exterior of the bone block body opposite the flat longitudinal surface. A tendon replacement member is inserted through the central through going bore around the end of each block and looped back along the flat longitudinal side with each block being in a reversed orientation position as to the other block. A channel cut in the exterior surface of each block is adapted to receive an interference screw to keep the block anchored in a bone tunnel previously cut in the respective bones of a joint.
1. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly comprising:
a first biocompatible bone block defining an outer curved surface, a central throughgoing bore having a cross section which will allow a tendon replacement member to be passed therethrough and a longitudinal channel cut in its outer exterior surface; an exterior surface of said bone block positioned away from said channel forming a planar surface, a tendon replacement member extending through said central throughgoing bore of said bone block; a second biocompatible bone block having the same construction as the first bone block with said tendon replacement member extending through said central bore of said second bone block, said second bone block being in reversed orientation to said first bone block with the channels of said bone blocks being positioned so that they do not engage said tendon replacement member.
2. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
3. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
4. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
5. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
6. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
7. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
8. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed
9. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
10. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
11. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
12. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
13. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
14. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
15. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
16. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed
17. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
18. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly comprising: first and second substantially cylindrical allograft cancellous bone blocks, each bone block defining a central through going bore, a channel cut in its outer surface and a longitudinal planar surface cut on the opposite side of said bone block from said channel, a tendon replacement member extending between said first and second bone blocks through said central bore, and seated over said planar surface alongside each of said first and second bone blocks and at least one suture hole cut transverse to said central bore away from said channel and intersecting said central bore; said second bone block being in a reversed orientation of said first bone block with said channel being positioned on the outside of said assembly.
19. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
20. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
21. The sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
22. The sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
23. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
24. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed
25. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
26. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
27. A sterile reconstructed cruciate tendon assembly comprising: first and second allograft substantially cylindrical bone blocks; each bone block comprising a body of cancellous bone with a central through going bore, a channel cut in the outer surface of said substantially cylindrical body and a flat surface forming a cord cut into the outer surface of substantially cylindrical body opposite said channel, a tendon replacement strand extending between said first and second bone blocks is inserted through said central bore and attached longitudinally alongside each of said first and second bone blocks adjacent said flat surface with said first and second bone blocks each having at least one suture hole extending radially through said bone block from said central bore through to an outer surface and said bone blocks have an angled beveled end surface, said second allograft bone block being positioned on said tendon replacement member in a reversed position from said first allograft bone block.
28. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
29. The sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
30. The sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
31. A sterile bone-tendon-bone assembly of
32. A method of inserting a bone-tendon-bone assembly in a joint comprising the steps of:
a) cutting a bone tunnel in each of two bones of a joint;
b) placing a bone block of bone-tendon-bone assembly comprising a first biocompatible bone block defining an outer curved surface , a central through going bore having a cross section which will allow a tendon replacement member to be passed therethrough and a longitudinal channel cut in its outer exterior surface; an exterior surface of said bone block positioned away from said channel forming a planar surface, a tendon replacement member extending through said central throughgoing bore of said bone block, a second biocompatible bone block having the same construction as the first bone block with said tendon replacement member extending through said central bore of said second bone block, said second bone block being in reversed orientation to said first bone block with the channels of said bone blocks being positioned so that they do not engage said tendon replacement member;
c) sliding the bone blocks along the tendon replacement member until the correct length for support and flexure is reached;
d) fastening the bone blocks in place on the tendon replacement member; and
e) sequentially fastening each bone block in place in a bone tunnel cut in each of said two bones of a joint.
33. A method of inserting a bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
34. A method of inserting a bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
35. A method of inserting a bone-tendon-bone assembly as claimed in
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/277,838 filed Oct. 23, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,730,124 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/092,537 filed Mar. 8, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No 6,890,354.
The present invention is generally directed toward a surgical implant product and more specifically is a shaped allograft cancellous bone block implant assembly.
Failed ligaments, such as the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments in the knee joint, significantly limit physical activity and potentially cause chronic knee problems. The anterior cruciate ligament (hereinafter ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) to a lesser extent are often torn during sports related injuries or as result of traumatic stresses. Ligament reconstruction with allograft and autograft tissue has been shown to improve joint function and provide long term improvement in restoration of physical activity. A common surgical method of repair of an ACL is harvesting a patient's patellar tendon with bone blocks from the tibia and patella. The bone-patellar tendon-bone implant offers several advantages, including high initial tensile strength, stiffness, proper length, rigid fixation and direct bone-to-bone incorporation.
The ACL of the knee functions to resist anterior displacement of the tibia from the femur at all flexion positions. The ACL also resists hyper-extension and contributes to rotational stability of the fully extended knee during internal and external tibial rotation. The ACL may also play a role in proprioception. Structurally, the ACL attaches to a depression in the front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia extending poster-superiorly to the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle. Partial or complete tears of the ACL are very common, comprising about 100,000 outpatient procedures in the U.S. each year. The preferred treatment of the torn ACL is ligament reconstruction, using a bone-ligament-bone autograft. Cruciate ligament reconstruction has the advantage of immediate stability and a potential for immediate vigorous rehabilitation. However, the disadvantages to ACL reconstruction are significant: for example, normal anatomy is disrupted when the patellar tendon or hamstring tendons of the patient are used for the reconstruction; placement of intraarticular hardware is required for ligament fixation; and anterior knee pain frequently occurs. Moreover, recent reviews of cruciate ligament reconstruction indicate an increased risk of degenerative arthritis with intraarticular ACL reconstruction in large groups of patients.
A second method of treating ACL injuries, referred to as �primary repair�, involves suturing the torn structure back into place. Primary repair has the potential advantages of a limited arthroscopic approach, minimal disruption of normal anatomy, and an out-patient procedure under a local anesthetic. The potential disadvantage of primary cruciate ligament repair is the perception that over the long term, ACL repairs do not provide stability in a sufficient number of patients, and that subsequent reconstruction may be required at a later date. The success rate of such anterior cruciate ligament repair has generally hovered in the 60% to 70% range.
The autogenous patellar tendon is an excellent tendon replacement source, providing proper tendon length and bone blocks that are fully osteointegrated without immunological rejection. Unfortunately harvesting autogenous bone-tendon-bone (hereinafter B-T-B) also has a number of adverse effects, including donor morbidity (pain), patellar fracture, tendon rupture and degeneration of the patellofemoral articular surface. As an alternate to autogenous graft tissue, synthetic materials have previously received FDA approval. In this regard polyester braids, steel wire and PTFE (GORE-TEX) have been used surgically. All of these materials have failed to integrate into the bone resulting in the tendon's inability to sustain the tensile and torsional loads applied to the knee in normal usage. Nearly all of these synthetic repairs have been revised with autogenous and/or allograft tissue.
There is a limited supply of allograft bone-patellar tendon-bone (B-PT-B) tissue due in large part to the number of donors that qualify according to the selective donor acceptance criteria. As a result of the limited number of available grafts there is a demand for such grafts which exceeds supply.
The use of substitute bone tissue dates back around 1800. Since that time, research efforts have been undertaken toward the use of materials which are close to bone in composition to facilitate integration of bone grafts. Development has taken place in the use of grafts of a mineral nature such as corals, hydroxyapatites, ceramics or synthetic materials such as biodegradable polymer materials. Surgical implants should be designed to be biocompatible in order to successfully perform their intended function. Biocompatibility may be defined as the characteristic of an implant acting in such a way as to allow its therapeutic function to be manifested without secondary adverse affects such as toxicity, foreign body reaction or cellular disruption.
Human allograft tissue is widely used in orthopaedic, neuro-, maxillofacial, podiatric and dental surgery. The tissue is valuable because it is strong, biointegrates in time with the recipient patient's tissue and can be shaped either by the surgeon to fit the specific surgical defect or shaped commercially in a manufacturing environment. Contrasted to most synthetic absorbable or nonabsorbable polymers or metals, allograft tissue is biocompatible and integrates with the surrounding tissues. Allograft bone occurs in two basic forms; cancellous and cortical. Cancellous bone is a less dense structure than that of cortical bone and is also comprised of triple helix strands of collagen fiber, reinforced with hydroxyapatite. The cancellous bone includes void areas with the collagen fiber component contributing in part to torsional and tensile strength.
Many devices of varying shapes and forms are fabricated from allograft cortical tissue by machining. Surgical implants such as pins, rods, screws, anchors, plates, intervertebral spacers and the like have been made and used successfully in human surgery. These pre-engineered shapes are used by the surgeon in surgery to restore defects in bone to the bone's original anatomical shape. At the present time cancellous bone has not been commercially used for shaped devices which are subject to pull out forces.
Allograft bone is a logical substitute for autologous bone. It is readily available and precludes the surgical complications and patient morbidity associated with obtaining autologous bone as noted above. Allograft bone is essentially a collagen fiber reinforced hydroxyapatite matrix containing active bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) and can be provided in a sterile form. The demineralized form of allograft bone is naturally both osteoinductive and osteoconductive. The demineralized allograft bone tissue is fully incorporated in the patient's tissue by a well established biological mechanism. It has been used for many years in bone surgery to fill the osseous defects previously discussed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,368 issued on Oct. 26, 1999 discloses the use of cortical constructs (e.g. a cortical dowel for spinal fusion) which are cleaned to remove all of the cellular material, fat, free collagen and non-collagenous protein leaving structural or bound collagen which is associated with bone mineral to form the trabecular struts of bone. The shaped bone is processed to remove associated non-collagenous bone proteins while maintaining native bound collagen materials and naturally associated bone minerals. The surface of a machined cortical bone surface is characterized by a wide variety of openings resulting from exposure by the machining process of the Haversian canals present throughout cortical bone. These canals serve to tansport fluids throughout the bone to facilitate the biochemical processes occurring within the bone. They occur at variable angles and depths within the bone.
In French Patent Applications Numbers 2,582,517 and 2,582,518 fragments of bones taken from animals, primarily cattle were partially demineralized and tanned with glutaraldehyde. The bone elements to be implanted were cut to the desired shape from an ox bone which has been subjected to a treatment comprising a degreasing step with an organic solvent such as ethanol, a demineralization step with a calcium extraction agent such as hydrochloric acid and tanning with glutaraldehyde and subsequent washings. Similar demineralization of bone is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,116 issued Dec. 17, 1996 where partial demineralization is used to facilitate integration of a bone graft. This is accordingly followed by different complementary steps which are intended either to deproteinize the bone completely or to act on the nature of the proteins which then remain linked within the bone matrix or else to increase the proportion of proteins.
Much of the structure and many of the properties of original tissues may be retained in transplants through use of xenogeneic or heterograft materials, that is, tissue from a different species than the graft recipient. For example, tendons or ligaments from cows or other animals have been covered with a synthetic mesh and were transplanted into a heterologous host in U.S. Pat. No. 4,400,833. Flat tissues such as pig pericardia are also disclosed as being suitable for heterologous transplantation in U.S. Pat. No. 4,400,833. Bovine peritoneum fabricated into a biomaterial suitable for prosthetic heart valves, vascular grafts, burn and other wound dressings is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,593. Bovine, ovine, or porcine blood vessel heterografts are disclosed in WO 84/03036. However, none of these disclosures describe the use of a xenograft for ACL replacement.
Xenograft materials must be chemically treated to reduce immunogenicity prior to implantation into a recipient. For example, glutaraldehyde is used to cross-link or �tan� xenograft tissue in order to reduce its antigenicity, as described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,593. Other agents such as aliphatic and aromatic diamine compounds may provide additional cross linking through the side chain carboxyl groups of aspartic and glutamic acid residues of the collagen polypeptide. Glutaraldehyde and diamine tanning also increases the stability of the xenograft tissue.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,669 issued Oct. 8, 1996 discloses a B-T-B tendon anchor device using autologus bone plugs taken from the cores drilled out from the bone tunnels of the patient or alternatively donor bone, namely allograft bone to make the bone plugs. The linear cylindrical plug member is provided with two longitudinal substantially parallel grooves cut on opposite sides of each bone plug which provide a recess in which the tendon can be seated. A notch may also be drilled if desired across one end of the bone plug so that the tendon can be wrapped alongside and around the end of the bone plug without protruding excessively from the plug. Suture holes can be cut through the bone plug for attaching the tendon to the plug as is shown in
Likewise U.S. Pat. No. 5,632,748 issued May 27, 1997 discloses a B-T-B tendon anchor device formed of plastic, bone, stainless steel or any other suitable material. The body is tapered and formed with a groove to receive a fixation screw and two curved recesses to hold a tendon which is looped over the device. The fixation groove is provided with threads (
U.S. Pat. No. 6,264,694 issued Jul. 24, 2001 discloses a spherical member having a through going bore and parallel recessed surfaces which enable it to be tied to the end of a soft tissue ligament graft to allow the graft to be secured within the bone tunnel by an interference screw.
Presently, the bone block systems in B-T-B grafts have been made from cortical bone or synthetic materials. Cancellous bone has not been used for bone tendon bone assemblies because of concerns with strength and screw pullout.
The present invention is directed to a bone-tendon-bone composite graft of novel construction for use in tendon and cruciate ligament reconstruction using cancellous bone for the bone block, positioning one bone block on adjacent tendons. In the inventive surgical installation, a bone tunnel is drilled in each of two bones of the joint. The allograft cancellous bone blocks are pre-machined to form an oblong or oval central through going bore, a longitudinal channel which is parallel to the axis of the central bore and a planar surface cut longitudinally in the exterior surface of the bone block. At least one tendon replacement member, such as a semitendinous, tibialis or gracilis tendon or a combination of tendons is extended between the bone blocks through the central bore of each bone block and over an end of the bone block and back along the longitudinal planar surface formed on the outer surface of each bone block. Each bone block is inserted into one of the bone tunnels of the femur and the tibia and adjusted along the tendon by sliding to obtain the desired length. The bone blocks are secured in the respective tunnel by an interference screw which is inserted into the channel formed on the outside surface of the bone block opposite the longitudinal planar surface. The tendon replacement member is in turn secured to the two bone blocks by sutures. The use of the bone-tendon-bone composite graft of the invention results in a reconstructed tendon.
It is another object of the invention to utilize a shaped bone implant structure which approximates the mechanical strength characteristics of a natural cortical bone-tendon-bone to provide overall strength and initial durability to the structure.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a pre-machined bone derived structure which can effectively promote new bone growth and accelerate healing.
It is yet another object of the invention to create a bone-tendon-bone assembly which mimics the configuration of natural bone-tendon-bone constructs.
It is still another object of the invention to create a bone-tendon-bone assembly which can be easily handled by the physician during surgery which eliminates or significantly reduces the physician from carving the respective bone blocks.
These and other objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent when considered with the teachings contained in the detailed disclosure which along with the accompanying drawings constitute a part of this specification and illustrate embodiments of the invention which together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The preferred embodiment and best mode of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 4-8.
As shown in the drawings, a reconstructed bone-tendon-bone (B-T-B) assembly 10 for a knee joint is shown in
A number of surgical methods and variation of the same can be used in the knee tendon reconstructive surgery. Representative methods which are exemplary but not exclusive or limited are referred to as the Lipscom et al. Technique, the Puddu Technique, the Zaricznyj Technique, the Zarins and Rower Techniques and are set forth and fully explained in Chapter 29, Knee Injuries, Campell's Orthopaedics (1998, 9 h Ed.) and are incorporated herein by reference. In most B-T-B procedures anteromedial and distal lateral bores are drilled to give access to the knee joint for these procedures.
In the standard ACL reconstruction, the intercondylar notch is prepared by drilling the femoral tunnel of the ACL. The tibial hole is prepared by drilling using a cannulated reamer of 8 mm to 12 mm diameter and the intra-articular fluid is drained. The cannulated system is used to place the tunnels anatomically over a guide wire in the tibial and femoral anatomy. The tibial tunnel entrance is midway between the tibial tubercle and the posterior medial edge of the proximal tibia, approximately 3 finger widths below the joint line. The exit for the tibia tunnel is the posterior medial footprint of the native ACL. With the knee positioned at 90 degrees of flexion, the guide pin is placed in the intercondylar notch and exits the superior lateral femur just above the flare of the condyle. The femoral tunnel is then placed using a cannulated reamer over the guide wire to accommodate a bone block. The graft is passed into position in the femoral tunnel and fixed with an interference screw.
The two major bones that meet at the knee joint are the tibia 22 and the femur 24. Bone tunnels 23 and 25 are drilled through each of these two bones 22, 24 respectively with a desired diameter. The tunnels 23 and 25 may be drilled with a regular drill that crushes and removes the bone within the tunnel but it is preferable to use a coring reamer to drill the bone tunnels. The reamer drills out a core of bone through each of the bone tunnels. The knee is flexed or extended a variable amount in order to properly position the femoral tunnel. The reamer is then directed through the tibial tunnel for drilling in and through the femur. The bone core from the femur is removed. Standard deburing and debridement procedures are followed.
For the purposes of the present invention, relative size relationships will be set forth which should not be constructed as forming specific size limitations. After the cores have been drilled out forming bone tunnels 23 and 25 with a standard 11 mm diameter, an allograft B-T-B assembly with pre-machined cancellous bone blocks 30 and an attached treated tendon member(s) 50 is inserted into the bone tunnels by pulling the respective bone blocks into the tunnels via sutures 26 as seen in
As can be seen in
The inventive design also provides a significantly thinner bone block cross-sectional diameter. This is critical during the entry and proper placing of the bone block in the tunnel drilled by the surgeon. Thus the tendon is placed in an specific orientation relative to the bone block with the positional orientation of the bone blocks on the tendon being reversed from each other although still having the screw channel 36 located outside of the tendon with planar surface 34 being adjacent the tendon.
When using multiple strands of tendons 50, as an example, a semitendinosus tendon and/or gracilis tendon are extended between both of the bone blocks 30, 130. The tendon(s) 50 are preferably sutured to themselves after positioning of the blocks in the bone tunnels to form a double loop as shown in
Still further embodiments of the invention may substitute or combine man made or artificial fibers or human tissue for the tendons for use as the ligament replacement. After the bone blocks have been inserted in the bone tunnels, the sutures 26 hanging from one end of the composite graft are attached to a needle, a passer or other conventional graft placement tool.
The proper tension is then applied to the graft by pulling on the suture 26 hanging out from the tibial incision. A driver and a headless interference screw 28 are then inserted through the tibial incision for driving the screw along the channel 36 of the bone block crushing the cancellous bone and anchoring the bone block in place. The second block is then slid on the tendon 50 until the desired position is reached and it is screwed into place. In affixing the composite graft 10 within a bone tunnel, contact between an interference screw 28 and the tendon 50 should be avoided so as not to cut or tear the tendon which is why the tendon is located on flat surface 34 opposite the channel 36. In order to also insure that the screw is out of contact with the tendon and the sutures, the interference screw 28 should be driven along the bone portion of the bone block channel 36 and the respective bone tunnel wall. The sutures 26 are then cut and the incisions are closed.
It is believed that a safety factor of 200 Newtons should be the minimum standard for pull out force even though staples are currently being used by some medical graft providers with a 50 Newtons pull out force. The bone blocks with tendon has been tested on human cadavers and found to have surprising pull out strength. Column 1 reflects the donor in which the bone tunnel was drilled; the second donor reflects the bone block source and the third donor the tendon source. The testing was all cadaver testing to reflect real life conditions and comparable research testing using porcine bone (much denser than human bone) and sawbone (also denser) would show higher pull out strength, ranging from 10% to 25% on average. It should also be noted that the same tibia donor was used in tests No. 12 and 13. This tibia was found to be porous and in a deteriorated condition one might expect to find in a much older woman. The load failure in Newtons is shown on the following table.
While this operation has been discussed in terms of using the preferred embodiment allograft cancellous bone blocks, alternative sources of bone blocks may be substituted such as cortical bone blocks, xenograft bone or synthetic graft materials such as ceramics or plastics such as bioabsorbable polymers. With any of these alternatives, the bone blocks may be shaped as described above for the graft.
The unique features of bone that make it desirable as a surgical material are, its ability to slowly resorb and be integrated into the space it occupies while allowing the bodies own healing mechanism to restore the repairing bone to its natural shape and function by a mechanism known in the art as creeping substitution. The second feature is the high mechanical pull out strength arising from the crushed bone structure and collagen fiber. Thus a means of accelerating the rate of biointegration of cancelleous bone would improve the rate of healing and benefit the recipient patient. The bone blocks may also be partially demineralized to increase osteoinductiveness.
It is well known that bone contains osteoinductive elements known as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). These BMP=s are present within the compound structure of cortical bone and are present at a very low concentrations, e.g. 0.003%. The BMP's are present in higher concentrations in cancellous bone. BMP's direct the differentiation of pluripotential mesenchymal cells into osteoprogenitor cells which form osteoblasts. The ability of freeze dried demineralized bone to facilitate this bone induction principle using BMP present in the bone is well known in the art. However, the amount of BMP varies in the bone depending on the age of the bone donor and the bone processing. Based upon the work of Marshall Urist as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,294,753, issued Oct. 13, 1981 the proper demineralization of cortical bone will expose the BMP and present these osteoinductive factors to the surface of the demineralized material rendering it significantly more osteoinductive. The removal of the bone mineral leaves exposed portions of collagen fibers allowing the addition of BMP's and other desirable additives to be introduced to the demineralized outer treated surface of the bone structure and thereby enhances the healing rate of the cortical bone in surgical procedures. In cancellous bone the structure is not as dense as cortical bone exposing the naturally occurring BMP's rendering the entire structure with biological properties similar to fully demineralized bone (DBM).
The bone blocks of the present invention were prepared by machining cancellous bone from younger donors in the ranges shown in the present tables which have a denser cancellous structure. Suitable bones are calcaneus patella, femoral head, long bone condyles and talus.
It is also possible to add one or more rhBMP's to the bone by soaking and being able to use a significantly lower concentration of the rare and expensive recombinant human BMP to achieve the same acceleration of biointegration. The addition of other useful treatment agents such as vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, antiviral and other therapeutic agents could also be added to the bone.
Any number of medically useful substances can be incorporated in the bone block and tendon assembly by adding the substances to the assembly. Such substances include collagen and insoluble collagen derivatives, hydroxyapatite and soluble solids and/or liquids dissolved therein. Also included are antiviricides such as those effective against HIV and hepatitis; antimicrobial and/or antibiotics such as erythromycin, bacitracin, neomycin, penicillin, polymyxin B, tetracycline, viomycin, chloromycetin and streptomycin, cefazolin, ampicillin, azactam, tobramycin, clindamycin, gentamycin and silver salts. It is also envisioned that amino acids, peptides, vitamins, co-factors for protein synthesis; hormones; endocrine tissue or tissue fragments; synthesizers; enzymes such as collagenase, peptidases, oxidases; polymer cellpl scaffolds with parenchymal cells; angiogenic drugs and polymeric carriers containing such drugs; collagen lattices; biocompatible surface active agents, antigenic agents; cytoskeletal agents; cartilage fragments, living cells, cell elements such as chondrocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, blood plasma, bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells, pluripotential cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, epithelial cells and entothial cells, natural extracts, tissue transplants, bioadhesives, transforming growth factor (TGF-beta), insulin growth factor (IGF-1), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)(Numbers 1-23), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin; growth hormones such as somatotropin; cellular attractants and attachment agents; fibronectin; immuno-suppressants; permeation enhancers, e.g. fatty acid esters such as laureate, myristate and stearate monoesters of polyethylene glycol, enamine derivatives, alpha-keto aldehydes can be added to the composition.
The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. However, the invention should not be construed as limited to the particular embodiments which have been described above. Instead, the embodiments described here should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by others without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims:
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Alchymist Rose Seeking Clematis Companion(s)
littlelizzy123March 28, 2014
I am planting an Alchymist rose this spring to grow over my arbor. While the Alchymist is a beautiful peach rose, it only blooms once a year. I am looking for a clematis or two to keep it company, and also keep the show going throughout the year.
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i have a default activity that starts first (Activity A), and from there the user can go to another activity (Activity B). In B after some work the user sets a sharedpreference. the next time the app starts i want to check in A if sharedpreference is null to go to B. and i put this if just under
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
and it encapsulates the whole onCreate. when the app starts it skips A and on B i shows the layout and the FC with NullPointerException.
Any one got experience with this?
any one got a better idea on skipping A?


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Benefits of Lemon Grass
February 13, 2011
Earning $0.30
Lemon grass, also known as citronella, is a native of India and Nepal. It is considered sacred herb by the ancients due to its magical healing and protecting properties.
It is one of the wondrous herb, has a light lemony scent, with a hint of ginger. Even today it is valued due to its ability to cure problems like fever and headache and also relieve from stress or insomnia, tension and anxiety. This tropical grass is well known for its aromatic citrus flavor, which when added to food item turns into an exotic delicacy. It is also used as a common scent in candles, perfumes and soaps.
It provides lot of health benefits for consumers as it has both antibacterial and anti fungal properties along with natural cleansing properties which help liver, kidneys, bladder, pancreas and digestive tract.
It also helps in the healthy functioning of the digestive system by cutting down the levels of cholesterol, fat and toxins from one's body and aiding in the stimulation of blood circulation in the body, thereby protecting the heart. It also helps to strengthen the immunity system.
It also helps women in treating menstrual troubles and nausea. It also aids in the beautification process of the skin, by preventing the formation of pimples and acne and acts as a useful muscle and a tissue toner.
It can be also used as a mild insect repellant.
100 grams of Lemon grass, when boiled contain up to 24.205 micrograms of beta-carotene the powerful anti-oxidant that can help prevent cancer.
Lemon grass acts as a sedative for the central nervous system and also relieves from arthritic pain and rheumatism.
Two drops of concentrated lemon grass oil added to one ounce of organic almond oil or any oil, can be used as a massage oil for your body to moisturize your skin.
benefits of herbs
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Posted Date: 02/14/2011 Points:2
If I am correct, lemon grass is also abundant here in my country. It is an important part of one of our native dishes called "lechon baboy" (grilled pig). It makes this dish more appetizing and smells yummy. I don't know it really if its the same as what you have describe above.
UPDATE: I have searched Google and confirmed that we are talking about the same grass. Its locally known to my country as "tanglad".
Posted Date: 02/14/2011 Points:2
Awesome article, highly informative. Never knew that lemon grass had so many good qualities. It does smell good and refreshing. I guess lemon grass is used in tea, several dishes and foods. Nice information. Thanks for sharing.
Posted Date: 02/14/2011 Points:4
I have lemon grass growing in my garden and I have a continuous request by friends to take some . It has grown wild and I am happy when someone wants to take it. I normally take out basket fulls and dry it . It can be used fresh as well for making tea and also Thai green chicken curry. It can be kept for months together after drying it. In fact I use it everyday - add a few leaves into my tea while the water is boiling, it gives it a wonderful flavor !
Dr. Simran Kaur
Posted Date: 11/29/2011 Points:1
Good update Reshma on lemon grass. I first time hear it of lemon grass here, I have never heard of it before.
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|Available separately or included in SeaStarSeaStar Pro steering kits, these cylinders allow you to have the best of both worlds. You get simplicity because no adapter plates are required. The new cylinder bolts up directly to virtually any outboard.
For single or twin non-power assisted outboard engines up to 300 HP or 600 HP total
Use on cruisers, runabouts, center console boats, bass boats, offshore fishing vessels, etc.
4.5 turn lock-to-lock with SeaStar 1.7 helm; 4.0 turns lock-to-lock with SeaStar Pro
3/4 tapered shaft
20 less effort at hard-over than competitive systems
Rigid tilt tube mount for no-compromise performance
Unique pivoted tiller connection allows full engine articulation with independent tilt and trim on twin engines
Improved bleeder fittings are integral with cylinder for greater durability and ease of use
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"I love it!! It's so easy to design a card. I did couple projects, chose couple pics, used different format of picture. Overall, I did like 5 projects. It was extremely easy. And final product is awesome, exactly what I exoected. Paper has a great quality, it's thick, colors are as u designed online. It was shipped and delivered very fast. I love it! I also ordered books with pages, and other stuff. I can't imagine doing any party without invites from the web. So easy to design and price is great for the quality. I know that my next order will be also from them. Thanks!"
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Black widow found in grapes in Bismarck
BISMARCK — Bismarck's Environmental Health Division says a black widow spider has been found in grapes purchased at a store.
The spider was taken to the Burleigh County Extension office where it was identified. Venomous black widows are identified by red, hourglass-shaped markings.
Several states have had recent reports of black widows being found in grocery store grapes.
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Fishy Tales
... Napa without having a glass of wine? We got one glass of a recommended white wine to share amongst the adults. It was good.
Our final push for the night was on through Sacramento and into Reno. We drove through the dark to our destination and we found "The Biggest Little City in the World" alight with neon and bright floodlights of many colors. We circled the city to the west where we found our hotel and loaded in for the night. ...


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News A stitch in time: work starts on the Great Scottish Tapestry at the Scottish ParliamentAuthor Alexander McCall Smith and Scottish Parliament officer Tricia Marwick have put the initial stitches to a tapestry of Scottish history that is expected to be the longest in the world.10 April 2012
Museum: Agricultural site County: West Lothian Almond Valley Heritage Centre/Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry Livingston
Museum: Garden, parklands or rural site County: West Lothian Annet House Museum and Garden Linlithgow
News Antler waste reveals medieval Scottish industry as archaeologists publish findings decades after digPublishing a post-excavation analysis of work carried out in West Lothian for the first time since the 1960s and 1970s excavations, archaeologists say the findings reflect "highly significant" sites.24 March 2015
Museum County: West Lothian Bennie Museum Bathgate
Museum: Transport heritage site County: West Lothian Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway Bo'ness
Archive: Library, Gallery County: West Lothian Broxburn Library Broxburn
Prehistoric site: Archaeological site County: West Lothian Cairnpapple Hill - Historic Scotland Linlithgow
Event: Performance, Storytelling session, Workshop, club or activity, Exhibition (permanent) County: West Lothian Dancing in the streets and building them too!Come and join us for the second part of our Festival of Museum's weekend and be entertained by the fantastic stories told by Mac-A-Story through songs, poems, puppets and larger than life characters! They will be...Almond Valley Heritage Centre/Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry | Livingston | 16 May 2015
Event: Performance, Storytelling session, Late opening County: West Lothian Dancing in the streets and building them too!Come and join us at our family ceilidh to show off your Scottish dancing skills with a 'Strip the Willow' or a 'Military Two Step' and enjoy a delicious traditional supper. Needing a wee break from dancing? You can...Almond Valley Heritage Centre/Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry | Livingston | 15 May 2015
Event: Play, Seasonal event, Workshop, club or activity, Exhibition (temporary) County: West Lothian Easter EggcitementThe farm is alive with the cheeps and bleats of new arrivals, who will be introduced to you at handling and encounter sessions. Grab your clue sheet, sharpen your pencil and tear around the farm collecting clues on the...Almond Valley Heritage Centre/Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry | Livingston | 3 — 20 April 2015
Historic house or home County: West Lothian House Of The Binns Linlithgow
News Nationwide contemporary art exhibition announced for Scotland in 2014A Scottish nationwide exhibition of contemporary art, GENERATION, will coincide with the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in summer 2014.21 May 2013
Preview Scottish sculpture garden Jupiter Artland unveils this year's exhibition programmeJeremy Deller, Alan Kane, Sara Barker and Sam Durant are all on the menu for this summer's outdoor and indoor exhibitions at Jupiter Artland, near Edinburgh.31 May 2013


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Welcome to Prior Aviation Service, Inc.
Prior Aviation Service, Inc. is a full-service FBO that services both general aviation aircraft and airlines. We hold a 135 Air Carrier Certificate, 145 Repair Station Certificate, and a 141 Flight School Certificate.
Our Complete Line of Services Include:
- Aircraft Fueling — Jet A + 100LL, Military Contract fuel
- De-icing — Type I & Type IV
- Three Heated Hangars
- Pilot Lounge
- Crew Cars
- Flight Planning
- Aircraft Charter
- Aircraft Maintenance and Parts
- Cargo Handling
- Catering
- Aircraft Detailing
- Ground Transportation
- Certified Cargo Screen Program
- U.S. Customs — On-site
- TSA – Approved Security Screening
- Rental Cars — Hertz On Site
- Conference Room
- Tie Downs
Prior Aviation Services, Inc. is located adjacent to the Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Buffalo, NY. We are open 365 days a year, 24 hours a day. You can reach us by telephone at 716.633.1000.


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
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The hand drum is one of the world's most ancient and sacred instruments. Far from just another percussive, it has evolved over the years to play a vital role in aspects of innumerable human endeavors. Percussion is a crucial component to cultures around the world. From the Africa djembe, to the congas of Latin Americas, drums and drumming are simply integral to many ways of life. Beyond just entertainment, drumming is truly a means of communication. For many they are also an important piece of ceremonies and rituals, including rites of passage, birth, death, marriage, worship and healing. They have also been featured on flags and coats of arms, while their techniques have been passed down through families for generations. What makes the hand drum unique is simple. While most percussive instruments are played with sticks, mallets and other objects, hand drums are struck by the hands of the drummer to produce their captivating sounds. By modifying the intensity of the drumming, or by drumming different areas of the surface, the drummer can change the sound, bringing vibrant life to such a simple yet versatile instrument. Originally hand drums were constructed out of wood or other materials that were common to the local environment, while the drum skin, or head, came from animals that were in the local's diet. This method has yielded a variety of drums with sounds distinctive to cultures from which they arose. Over the years hand drum construction has evolved to use more modern materials that allows for easier access, but their origins remain a wonderful piece of our shared history. Whether playing the hand drum as part of a collective or just around a campfire, keeping time as others sing along, you'll be adding your own personal stamp to a tradition that is as rich and storied as any we have seen.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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Bittersweet triumph
LLS Man of the Year deals with personal tragedies
When Kevin Shimp was asked to become a candidate for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) Virginia Chapter Man of the Year, his initial reaction was that he could not possibly say yes.
Not only was he working 50-hour weeks during the March-to-May campaign period, but the busy father of two teenagers was also attending graduate school full-time.
Becoming a candidate meant he would take on the equivalent of another part-time job for 10 weeks to raise funds for blood cancer research.
At the same time, however, that Shimp's rational inner voice was telling him he could never fit such a task into his already-packed schedule, a louder voice was telling him there was no way he could say no.
As a clinical coordinator on the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit at VCU Health Systems, Shimp says, "I see the effects of leukemia and lymphoma on a daily basis."
His wife, Jill, a pediatric hematology/oncology nurse at VCU, cares for patients that often end up in his transplant unit.
But the clincher for Shimp was that his father-in-law, Billy Snead, had been diagnosed with leukemia three years earlier.
And so, Shimp's heart won out over reason, and he found himself saying yes.
A resident of the Shenandoah community near Willow Lawn, he was soon ringing his neighbors' doorbells and asking for contributions.
"The feedback is incredible," Shimp says. "The people that you meet and get a chance to talk to. . . People would hand me money at bake sales in honor of their friends, parents, and siblings."
At one neighbor's door, he was met with a "no soliciting" – but just two days later, the same neighbor dropped a check in his mailbox.
And within seconds of sending out his first email request for donations, Shimp received a pledge of support from a co-worker.
Shimp also organized benefit nights at local restaurants and The Byrd Theatre, asked for auction items and solicited corporate sponsorships in addition to donations from friends and family. He appreciated that many businesses were especially generous despite the tough economic times.
"I realize there are a bunch of causes," he says, "but the response you get is unpredictable and overwhelming. Chuck Irving from Charles Irving Construction set me up with bowling leagues to get donations, and talked about [the campaign] as much as I think I did."
Stepping up
Then, midway through the campaign, Shimp lost his father. John Shimp – the first family member who had responded to Kevin's fundraising e-mail – passed away of complications from diabetes.
As if all the other challenges in his life hadn't been enough, Shimp now had to bear this additional crushing burden of grief. But he packed up his family and headed to New Jersey for a week to deal with funeral arrangements and help his mother through the loss of her husband of 47 years.
Upon his return to Richmond, says sister-in-law Sande Snead, he plunged "into yet another fundraiser – just two days after burying his father."
Shimp says now that he could not have made it the rest of the way through the campaign without the support of Jill and other key supporters -- among them his mother-in-law Evelyn Snead, former LLS Woman of the Year Susan Reid, and Emily Tucker, a retiree from Media General.
What's more, he says, "my boss Pattie Viscardi graciously looked the other way when I was doing things on the job."
He notes that before his father took ill, he had planned to set up a booth at the annual Easter Parade in Richmond and use it to sell sock monkeys and raise awareness for the cause. Abandoning the idea to head to New Jersey, he says he got a call en route from Forrest Sprouse, a Henrico H.S. IB freshman. (Shimp's daughter Casey is in the IB program; his son Logan attends Tuckahoe M.S.).
"[Sprouse] said, 'I know where you keep your key,'" Shimp recalls. "'What time and where do I need to be on Easter Sunday to run your table for you?'
"He raised money that day," says Shimp, "but more importantly he just did what good people do every day and don't get recognized for it – he stepped up."
Ups and downs
On May 13, at the gala culminating the annual campaign, Shimp learned that he had been the top male fundraiser – earning the title of 2011 Man of the Year for the Virginia Chapter of LLS.
It was a bittersweet moment for Shimp and his family, as he shared the sad news with the crowd of well-wishers that his father-in-law's leukemia is no longer in remission.
In another sad and ironic twist, it turns out that the 2011 Young Lady of the Year – one of the blood cancer survivors that the annual campaign honors – has become one of his patients.
Although Allison Rippy was declared cancer-free last fall after five months of chemotherapy, her non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resurfaced in January.
But there were lighter moments at the gala, too, as Sande Snead points out.
"In an overzealous effort to raise funds for the cause," says Snead, "my family actually outbid each other for a week at our own beach house at the fundraising auction."
And while Shimp's schedule has eased in the months following the campaign, he has no plans to rest on his Man of the Year laurels. Raising awareness of LLS has become a part of him.
Although cancer is no longer the taboo subject it once was, he believes there needs be much more openness about the disease.
"Getting donations was nice, and proved to be successful for my campaign," Shimp says. "But the key is for that same person to tell 10 people they donated to The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and why.
"We need to be comfortable discussing [cancer] so that we can feel like its downfall is possible."
Citing the list of supporters that ranges from his wife to his boss to students like Sprouse, he adds, "One thing something like this teaches you is that almost everything is bigger then you are, and doing your piece to make it better for someone else is just an awesome feeling on a daily basis.
"And I had inspiration around me at all times."
For details about the Virginia Chapter of LLS, visit http://lls.org/aboutlls/chapters/va .
Tree seedling giveaway planned April 2-3
Citizen Staff Reports 03/30/2015
The Henricopolis Soil & Water Conservation District will sponsor a tree seedling giveaway on April 2 at Dorey Park Shelter 1 from 2:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. and on April 3 at Hermitage High School parking lot from 8:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Bare-root tree seedlings are available to Henrico County residents free of charge for the spring planting season.
The following seedling species will be available: apple, kousa dogwood, red maple, river birch, red osier dogwood, loblolly pine, sycamore, bald cypress, white dogwood and redbud. Quantities are limited and trees are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Each participant is allowed up to 10 trees total, not to include more than five of the same species. > Read more.
State provides online directory of Bingo games
Citizen Staff Reports 03/30/2015
Wondering where to go to play Bingo? Wonder no more.
The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) recently launched an online directory of permitted bingo games played in Virginia. Listed by locality, more than 400 regular games are available across the state. The directory will be updated monthly and can be found on VDACS' website at http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/gaming/index.shtml.
"Many Virginia charities, including volunteer rescue squads, booster clubs and programs to feed the homeless, use proceeds from charitable gaming as a tool to support their missions, said Michael Menefee, program manager for VDACS' Office of Charitable and Regulatory Programs. > Read more.
Local couple wins wedding at Lewis Ginter
Richmonders Jim Morgan and Dan Stackhouse were married at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden in Lakeside Mar. 7 month after winning the Say I Do! With OutRVA wedding contest in February. The contest was open to LGBT couples in recognition of Virginia's marriage equality law, which took effect last fall. The wedding included a package valued at $25,000.
Morgan and Stackhouse, who became engaged last fall on the day marriage equality became the law in Virginia, have been together for 16 years. They were selected from among 40 couples who registered for the contest. The winners were announced at the Say I Do! Dessert Soiree at the Renaissance in Richmond in February. > Read more.
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Weekend Top 10
Two events this weekend benefit man's best friend – a rabies clinic, sponsored by the Glendale Ruritan Club, and an American Red Cross Canine First Aid & CPR workshop at Alpha Dog Club. The fifth annual Shelby Rocks "Cancer is a Drag" Womanless Pageant will benefit the American Cancer Society and a spaghetti luncheon on Sunday will benefit the Eastern Henrico Ruritan Club. Twin Hickory Library will also host a used book sale this weekend with proceeds benefiting The Friends of the Twin Hickory Library. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
A taste of Japan
Ichiban offers rich Asian flavors, but portions lack
In a spot that could be easily overlooked is a surprising, and delicious, Japanese restaurant. In a tiny nook in the shops at the corner of Ridgefield Parkway and Pump Road sits a welcoming, warm and comfortable Asian restaurant called Ichiban, which means "the best."
The restaurant, tucked between a couple others in the Gleneagles Shopping Center, was so quiet and dark that it was difficult to tell if it was open at 6:30 p.m. on a Monday. When I opened the door, I smiled when I looked inside. > Read more.
One beauty of a charmer
Disney's no-frills, live-action 'Cinderella' delights
Cinderella is the latest from Disney's new moviemaking battle plan: producing live-action adaptations of all their older classics. Which is a plan that's had questionable results in the past.
Alice in Wonderland bloated with more Tim Burton goth-pop than the inside of a Hot Topic. Maleficent was a step in the right direction, but the movie couldn't decide if Maleficent should be a hero or a villain (even if she should obviously be a villain) and muddled itself into mediocrity.
Cinderella is much better. Primarily, because it's just Cinderella. No radical rebooting. No Tim Burton dreck. It's the 1950 Disney masterpiece, transposed into live action and left almost entirely untouched. > Read more.
'Conner's Law' provides support for disabled adults
Governor orders training for ABC agents
Business in brief
Governor creates center for mental health services
Richmond growing faster than suburbs
- More News
Print Edition
Mar. 19, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
A taste of Japan
One beauty of a charmer
'An Evening of Country' scheduled April 9-10
Restaurant watch
- More Entertainment
Obituary – James L. Blanchard
Obituary – Martha A. Schulze
Obituary – Robert W. Taylor
- More Obituaries
Tree seedling giveaway planned April 2-3
State provides online directory of Bingo games
Local couple wins wedding at Lewis Ginter
- More Community
Cabin fever cures - and blessings
Getting schooled
Time to give spanking the boot
- More Opinions
Athlete of the Week – March 27: Walter Williams
Local bowlers win awards at tourney
Athlete of the Week – March 20: Annemarie Beran
- More Sports
Reader Survey | Advertising | Email updates
ClassifiedsPROFLOWERS. Send Flowers for Every Occasion! Anniversary, Birthday, Just Because. Starting at just $19.99. Go to http://www.proflowers.com/Celebrate to receive an extra 20 percent off any order over $29.99 or… Full text
Place an Ad | More Classifieds
CalendarThe Henrico County Community Author Showcase, a program that connects writers and readers in the community, will begin at 7 p.m. and continue on Thursdays at various libraries. Hilary Dixon… Full text


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NEW DELHI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is launching a $25 million project to improve safety conditions for workers in Bangladesh's booming and unregulated garment manufacturing sector, the ILO's deputy director general said on Tuesday.
The project - which will focus on inspecting conditions in thousands of apparel factories - follows a series of disastrous accidents in Bangladeshi factories, including a building collapse which killed over 1,100 garment workers in April.
"It is very clear from what has happened of late that the priority is to have all factories inspected," ILO Deputy Director General Gilbert Houngbo told Thomson Reuters Foundation in an interview.
"There are 3,500 active factories and they need to be inspected to ensure that they are structurally safe, as well as from the point of health and fire risk standards," he said, speaking by phone from Dhaka ahead of the project's launch.
The garment sector is a vital one for Bangladesh, and its low wages and duty-free access to Western markets have helped make the impoverished South Asian nation the world's second-largest clothing exporter after China.
It employs four million people, mostly women, and generates $20 billion annually - 80 percent of Bangladesh's export earnings.
Recent industrial accidents in the sector have highlighted its dismal safety standards - shoddy construction, overcrowded factory floors, poor electrical fittings and lack of escape routes.
Earlier this month, nine people were killed and about 50 workers injured by a fire which originated in the knitting section of a garment factory.
Such incidents have led to global pressure on the government, factory owners and the global brands that use the factories to reform the industry by raising wages and improving safety and working conditions.
Houngbo said the ILO initiative joins two others - the Accord which represents many European retailers, and the Alliance, signed by North American brands which aim to put in place independent inspections of their supplying factories.
Retailers include H&M, GAP, Walmart and Primark.
"We first of all need to make sure that we are all using the same standards of inspections and have a common set of agreed codes of inspection," said Houngbo.
"It will take months to have all those factories inspected and we will have to recruit international experts to help as the local capacity won't be sufficient."
Employers whose factories do not meet the standards may face closure, he said, adding that the loss of jobs was the last thing anyone wanted and the focus was more to help owners renovate their factories.
"While I don't hope for it, I will not be surprised if some factories may just have to be closed down," the ILO official said.
Bangladeshi factory owners say they want to reach the standard set but cannot afford it. Houngbo said details had not yet been worked out of what, if any, support could be provided to them.
"You can speculate but there can be no concrete action until you do the assessments, so that's why we want to move as fast as possible in the first phase to have the inspections done," he said.
Workers say that while better safety standards are essential, many of them are equally worried about their low wages. A wave of pay strikes last month hit nearly a fifth of the country's garment workshops.
The government is currently holding talks with labour groups and factory owners on a new minimum wage for the garment sector. The current minimum of $38 a month is half what Cambodian garment workers earn.
Factory owners in Bangladesh are pencilling in an increase in the minimum wage of about 50 to 80 percent and will ask retailers to pay more to defray the cost, though it is not certain they will agree.
Houngbo said the ILO will also consider helping the Bangladeshi government to enforce a new labour law which boosts workers' rights, including giving them the freedom to form trade unions and engage in collective bargaining.
Approved in July, the law also allows for a central fund to improve workers' living standards and a requirement for 5 percent of annual profits to be deposited in employee welfare funds.
Houngbo said the initiative would also look at the rehabilitation and skills training for victims of industrial accidents.
"Those workers who have survived, we thank God for that. But they have gone through a lot - some have had limbs amputated, others are traumatised and need help to rebuild their lives," he said.
Trending On Reuters
Kashmir Rains
Heavy rains trigger flood fears in Kashmir; 10 people buried alive
A landslide in Kashmir buried at least 10 people while they were sleeping, police said on Monday, as unseasonal rains swept India, damaging crops and raising fears of flash floods in the mountainous north. Full Article
Kashmir Rains
Heavy rains trigger flood fears in Kashmir; six dead Full Article
Strategic Oil Reserve
Exclusive: India makes first crude oil purchase for SPR Full Article
Khan's Case
It was me, says Salman Khan's driver in hit-and-run Full Article
Start-Up IPOs
India proposes platform to help start-ups raise cash at home. Full Article
Cow Slaughter Ban
Modi govt says to push for cow slaughter ban in India Full Article
Germanwings Crash
Crash pilot had been treated for suicidal tendencies Full Article
Blogger Killed
Second blogger hacked to death in Bangladesh Full Article
Cricket World Cup
New Zealanders dominate World Cup team of the tournament Full Article
Woods Ranking
Tiger Woods drops out of world's top 100 Full Article
Reuters India Mobile
Get the latest news on the go. Visit Reuters India on your mobile device Full Coverage


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While most view spring break as a time to kick back and relax, one group of Bentley undergraduates instead chose to join Habitat for Humanity of Palm Beach County to help build a house for a family in need.
IT Announcement
Some information on MyBentley will not be available from:
4:00 am – 9:00 am on Sundays due to weekly backups
|Welcome to MyBentley
|MyBentley provides convenient access to Bentley University's on-line information and resources.
|Students, Faculty, Staff and Applicants can login to MyBentley for access to personalized information.
Bentley Newsroom
Bentley University will host its first TEDx event on Saturday March 28, 2015 starting at 9:00 a.m. in the Wilder Pavilion, Adamian Academic Center.
Senior Lecturer of Law, Taxation, and Financial Planning Steve Weisman authors this piece about the Federal Communications Commission's decision regarding a Virginia television station.
Bentley and its media partner, Bloomberg Radio, broadcast its latest segment in an ongoing series during Bloomberg's "Taking Stock" program on Friday, March 20.
Finance Professor Leonard Rosenthal comments on the recent trend to invest in smaller tech companies.
Professor of Economics Scott Sumner argues that recent announcements from the Federal Reserve should not be concerning.
A study conducted by Bentley that discusses the social responsibility and ethical standards of the millennial generation is referenced in response to the question, "Are We Teaching Millennials to Be Amoral?"
A group of Bentley students traveled to West Palm Beach to build a house for Habitat for Humanity during their spring break
A group of Bentley students build a home for Habitat for Humanity during their spring break.
Bentley Graduate Students Tour Paris!!


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Welcome to the Krewe of Gemini
The Krewe of Gemini is the first parading Krewe in modern times in Shreveport and Bossier City, Louisiana. The Krewe of Gemini is a nonprofit volunteer organization including folks from all walks of life who enjoy promoting the Mardi Gras spirit in the area. We would like to extend an invitation to you to be a part of this great organization. Our Den is located at 2101 East Texas St. in Bossier City, Louisiana.
For more information about joining the Krewe of Gemini, please click on this link.
Captains Message - March 2015
Well Gemini, one more month before your new journey begins with Gemini XXVII. As we add Gemini XXVI to our history I must say thank you! And my thank you is to everyone who helped no matter how small or how large. It takes all of us to keep a machine working in good proper condition and that you have done.
Our next two meetings are important to each of us, nominations and voting on new board members. This is your board so please plan to attend and vote for YOUR board representatives. This year the members of the nominating committee are Past Captain Russ Friedrich, Betty King, Ray Braniff board members, Susan Kemp and Kristian McCain general membership. If you would like to serve on the board for our krewe for the positions of secretary, treasurer or the two positions for members-at-large please let one of these five people know.
My year as Captain has one final event, our golf tournament at Shreveport Country Club on April 17th. This is a fundraiser for us but somehow it is more fun than fundraiser with surprises throughout the golf course. I ask each float to please have a team or if your float has no golfers you may know someone who plays golf, ask them to form a team and come join us. Our tournament is open to everyone and we (you) could be entertaining a new krewe member or potential sponsor. Volunteers will also be needed for the day, please contact Russ to let him know you can volunteer for the tournament.
Thanks to those who attended Cocktails with the Captain. It was a cold Friday night but members came out to support. Thank you Tammy for another successful CWC. Looking forward to our next one!
Until we meet again!
Bernie Bitting
Gemini Captain XXVI