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Hepatitis C Pregnancy
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Hepatitis C and pregnancyI have hepatitis C And my boyfriend is waiting for the results.But I am affraid what if one day we can't have children and will the baby be affected by the virus?
Response from Barbara McGovern, M.D.
Tufts University School of Medicine...Women who give birth uncommonly pass hepatitis C onto their babies - only about 5 percent of the time. Furthermore, many of these babies clear the infection on their own. Finally, Read more »
HEPATITIS C AND PREGNANCYCOULD YOU PLEASE TELL ME HOW HEPATITIS C AND BEING PREGNANT CAN DO ANY HARM TO THE BABY. A FRIEND... Read more »
Hepatitis C and pregnancyMy boyfriend has Hepatitis C and we have been intimate for 3 weeks. I had blood tests done just... Read more »
Mother-to-Child Hepatitis C Transmission Twice As Likely Among Infant Girls As Boys, Study Says... Pregnant women living with hepatitis C are about twice as likely to transmit the virus to an infant girl as they are to a boy, according to a study published in the Read more »
Hepatitis C Transmission... How hepatits C is caught and passed on Hepatitis C, blood products and blood transfusions Injecting drug use and hepatitis C Hepatitis C and other (non-injecting) drug use Read more »
Guide to Hepatitis C for People Living With HIV... Hepatitis C Transmission HCV is mainly transmitted when infected blood from one person directly enters another person's bloodstream. HCV Read more »
HIV and Hepatitis C Co-Infection... Are you HIV positive and newly diagnosed with hepatitis C (Hep C)?Do you have one virus and think youmight be infected with the other? If so, this brochure answers somebasic questions Read more »
Connect With Others
Hepatitis C
Posted by saylomoon, 1 Reply...Hola amigos, como sabran tuve una posible exposicion con agujas mi pregunta, si alguien sabe, el periodo ventana para hepatitis C, hasta cuantos anos o meses se amplia, ya que en unas paginas lei que eran 6 meses y en otras son 3 anos. tengo... Read more »
Hepatitis C
Posted by capeac, 1 Reply...no tengo de nuevo hora para la consulta y me gustara saber que sabeis sobre la fiabilidad de los resultados en el test de la Hepatitis C. ?Es cierto que cabe la posibilidad de un falso negativo -ojo estoy hablando de la Hepatitis C no del VIH-... Read more »
Periodo en caso de coinfeccion con la hepatitis c?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 ReplyAlguien me podria decir si con 6 meses seria suficiente? Read more »
Posted by hepatitisC...If you or anyone you know is a Hepatitis C sufferer please call 888-527-7779 x14 We are conducting a telephone study and if you qualify you will receive an incentive for Read more »
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Water and human health
This unit examines why water shortages are predicted as a result of the world's growing population and the importance of access to clean and safe drinking water in public health. It looks at the distribution of water throughout the world and problems with contamination, topics of wide general interest.
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Certain brain-computer interface (BCI) methods use intrinsic signals from the motor cortex to control neuroprosthetic devices. The organization of the motor pathways in those populations likely to use neuroprosthetic devices, therefore, needs to be determined; there is evidence that following disease or injury the representation of the body in the motor cortex may change. In this study, functional MRI measures of somatotopy following spinal cord injury (SCI) showed evidence of changes in limb representations in the motor cortex. Subjects with chronic SCI had unusual cortical patterns of activity when attempting to move limbs below their injury; amputees showed a more normal somatotopy. The functional reorganization may affect optimal implanted electrode placements for invasive BCI methods for these different populations.
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Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. has purchased British Columbia and Alberta natural gas properties for $206 million from U.S.-based Murphy Oil Corp.
The Phase II expansion includes construction of three pump stations between Coshocton and Greensburg, Pa., and two stations from Greensburg, to Watkins Glen, N.Y.
For Week Ending Wednesday, April 21, 2004
Sempra Energy LNG expects to start construction in 2006.
Hopes to expand presence in U.S. Rockies
Governor Bush grants permit for key pipeline project
For Week Ending Wednesday, April 14, 2004
Karen Buchwald Wright has been appointed vice-chair of the newly created national advisory council to the President on manufacturing.
The assets sold include 1,180 miles of pipelines in South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia.
For Week Ending Wednesday, April 7, 2004
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Universal Fit
Shure SE425 Earphone
"Shure has definitely outdone themselves with this wonderful product. Never have I experienced more clarity in a pair of IEMs. For someone who listens to alternative rock, pop, and an assorted array of indie music, I say that few IEMs can do better. The amount of detail displayed is extraordinary. Vocals are crystal clear and forward, especially female vocals. However, the bass is lacking a bit..." --Dinerenblanc
RHA MA750i
"This is my first review on Head-Fi, so forgive me for my trip ups and lack of jargon, as I simply do not have the knowledge or experience to accurately describe everything I hear and feel. That being said, I deliberated over my purchase of these IEM's for quite a while. For a few months, I had a toss-up between the GR07 BE, Sennheiser CX985, Rock-It R50 and RHA MA-750i. Any one of these..." --dazzerfong
Shure SE535-CL Triple High-Definition MicroDriver Earphone with Detachable Cable (Clear)
" >>(first impressions) >>as tyl herstens said - "Ahhh! Someone slipped liquid gold into my ears! The genies at Shure did some real magic here." >>just wonderful ...handsome bass , rich and forward mids , in-offensive treble Impressions after 6..." --ayaflo
Shure SE535-V Earphone
" -- " --i2ehan
RHA T10i
" First off I want to thank RHA for selecting me as one of their 3 reviewers here on Head-fi. I really appreciate being selected out of so many quality reviewers that replied in the reviewers wanted thread. I also would like to thank the people who posted their recommendation for me. I was touched by those posts more than you realize, as the process of writing reviews can at times feel like I..." --dweaver
" I'd like to think RHA for sending me these earphones for review. Along with the summary below, I have posted a Youtube video review of the MA350. If you like the video, check out my channel for more reviews :) Summary BUILD The MA350 has an interesting build, with a reverse horn / funnel shape. This is actually the opposite of a horn..." --a_recording
Shure Sound Isolating Earphone SE315 Hi-Definition Micro Speaker with Tuned Bass Port (Clear)
"This is a review for the Shure SE315's, first a little about myself I don't consider myself a hard core audiophile like most people on this site. I am 38 years old and I am just your everyday listener who appreciates quality sound. I have been into Hi-Fi audio since I was a teenager mostly full size speakers. What do I consider an audiophile, someone who pulls those ear buds out that..." --acain
RHA MA600i Noise Isolating In-Ear Headphone
"Many thanks to RHA Audio for providing this free review sample. The MA600 is tuned as a V shape. For those who don't know what that means, a V shaped tuning means the treble and bass have been tuned to sound more forward and aggressive then the mids. End result, the mids tend to sound more laid back in comparison to the rest of the sound signature. Some good examples of gear, both..." --DigitalFreak
Shure SE115 Sound Isolating Earphones
" Bought this last month, have been listening to it for the past 1month. This is a entry level IEM by Shure. For the price I paid I expected better sound but unfortunately I have heard better sounding IEMs going for a lower price. The cable is modular which is great. It makes easy change of cable should the original gets damage. Noise isolation is wonderful. I tried this ear-bud..." --slimfox
RHA MA450i
" I'd like to think RHA for sending me these earphones for review. Along with the summary below, I have posted a Youtube video review of the MA450i. If you like the video, check out my channel for more reviews :) Summary BUILD The MA450i has an interesting build, with a reverse horn / funnel shape. This is actually the..." --a_recording


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featured podcasts
Stuff You Should Know
What's the truth behind some common everyday myths? How do pet psychics work? Join Josh and Chuck as they explore the Stuff You Should Know about everything from psychology to propellant in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.
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Welcome to Saranda, one of Albania's most beautiful destinations. Saranda Backpackers has been in operation for over... 추가 정보 »
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Economics and Decision Sciences
Welcome to the Department of Economics & Decision Sciences
Program Opportunities
Undergraduate Programs
Graduate Programs
Undergraduate Minors
- Business Analytics
- Economics
View details about our minors.
Program Accreditation
The Bachelor of Business in Economics is accredited by The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). AACSB Accreditation is known, worldwide, as the longest standing, most recognized form of specialized/professional accreditation an institution and its business programs can earn.
Economics: "Why my major matters"
By: Sarah Blaase '14 MA '13 BB Economics & Sloane Levin '14 BB Economics and Finance
(from Western Courier, 28 September 2012)
Economics is interesting, plain and simple. Why do we, as consumers, buy certain products? Why does the government enact certain policies or decide to raise taxes? Questions like these demonstrate why economics is all about the study of choice. We chose to major in economics because the job opportunities are seemingly endless.
Career options for economics majors vary with lucrative opportunities in finance and banking, health care, government agencies, sales and marketing, and even the sports world has a place for economics.
Economics is not only important for our careers, but on a personal level as well. Having a strong understanding of the subject will help us become financially smarter, better consumers and more informed voters. The logic and analytical skills developed throughout the undergraduate experience are also great preparation for graduate school.
Lastly, economics is fun. Trust us and read "Freakonomics," or watch "Moneyball." As mentioned, economics provides the necessary skills to prepare one for success in graduate school or the job market. Some of the most successful businessmen like Warren Buffet and Sam Walton had degrees in economics.
Economics will simply help you better understand how the world works. Western Illinois University has a great economics department, and we encourage all students to take an economics course or attend an Economics Student Association (ESA) meeting to find out more information.
College Events
- Apr 1, 2015: Ag Internship Mandatory Meeting
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Obstetrician & Gynecologist (OB/GYN)
43 years of experience
43 years of experience
East Colorado Springs
1604 Wood Ave
Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Phone number & directions
1604 Wood Ave
Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. John Chatfield:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Chatfield? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Specialties & Research
Dr. John Chatfield, MD is board certified in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
- He has special expertise in 2 areas:
- Hot Flashes
- Menopause
Education & Awards
Dr. Chatfield graduated from The University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas.
Home > Find an Obstetrician & Gynecologist > CO > Colorado Springs Obstetricians & Gynecologists > Dr. John Chatfield, MD
Similar doctors nearby
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- Additional Information
- Dr. John Norville Chatfield MD is a male Obstetrician & Gynecologist, has 43 years of experience and practices in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
- Where does Dr. John N. Chatfield practice?
- Dr. John Chatfield has 1 office location.
Dr. John Chatfield practices Obstetrics & Gynecology near Colorado Springs, CO.
See Colorado Springs Obstetricians & Gynecologists.


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Illinois Custom Landscaping Designs
Welcome to County Wide Landscaping, the award-winning premier Illinois landscaping company based in Chicago. We specialize in brick paver patios, driveways, full yard landscape redesigns, water gardens & waterscapes and more.
Our highly trained team of Illinois Landscaping experts are committed to helping you reach the full potential of your property. Utilizing state of the art landscaping technologies and techniques, we handle all facets of your landscaping design, construction and maintenance.
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Quality without compromise.
County Wide Landscaping services the greater Chicago area and is located in the western suburb of Elburn. Covering Chicago, Fox Valley and Tri-Cities: Batavia, Geneva, St. Charles, Naperville, Elgin, Aurora and more. Counties of Kane, DuPage, McHenry, Lake, Kendall, DeKalb, Will & Cook.
To learn more about our company and the Illinois landscaping services we offer, you can head on over to the About Us page on this site.
Comments are closed.


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A bismuth molybdate gas sensor which provides stable sensitivity to gases such as alcohol, ketones, alkenes, and long chain alkanes is disclosed. Sensors comprising a mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate; or, bismuth iron molybdate are particularly effective. The bismuth molybdate mixture; or, the bismuth iron molybdate may be deposited as a thin film on a substrate or may take the form of a sintered powder.
1. A gas sensor, comprising:
(a) a substrate;
(b) a film mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate deposited on said substrate; and,
(c) means for electrically coupling said thin film to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said thin film during exposure of said thin film to a selected gas.
2. A gas sensor, comprising:
(a) a film composition of bismuth iron molybdate; and,
(b) means for electrically coupling said composition to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said composition during exposure of said composition to a selected gas.
3. A gas sensor as defined in claim 2, wherein said bismuth iron molybdate is doped with a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver and palladium.
4. An alcohol gas sensor, comprising:
(a) a substrate;
(b) a film mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate deposited on said substrate; and,
(c) means for electrically coupling said thin film to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said thin film during exposure of said thin film to a selected gas.
5. An alcohol gas sensor, comprising:
(a) a film composition of bismuth iron molybdate; and,
(b) means for electrically coupling said composition to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said composition during exposure of said composition to a selected gas.
6. An alcohol gas sensor as defined in claim 5, wherein said bismuth iron molybdate is doped with a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platimun, silver and palladium.
7. A gas sensor for detecting, in a selected gas, the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, alkenes, and long chain alkanes, said gas sensor comprising:
(a) a substrate;
(b) a film mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate deposited on said substrate; and,
(c) means for electrically coupling said thin film to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said thin film during exposure of said thin film to said selected gas.
8. A gas sensor for detecting, in a selected gas, the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, alkenes, and long chain alkanes, said gas sensor comprising:
(a) a film composition of bismuth iron molybdate; and,
(b) means for electrically coupling said composition to a monitor circuit for monitoring the electrical resistivity of said composition during exposure of said composition to said selected gas.
9. A gas sensor as defined in claim 8, wherein said bismuth iron molybdate is doped with a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver and palladium.
10. A method of measuring gas concentration, comprising the steps of:
(a) exposing said gas to a sensor comprising a mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate; and
(b) measuring the electrical resistance of said sensor.
11. A method as defined in claim 10 further comprising heating said sensor to an operating temperature of about 340 degrees celsius.
12. A method of measuring gas concentration, comprising the steps of:
(a) exposing said gas to a sensor comprising bismuth iron molybdate; and
(b) measuring the electrical resistance of said sensor.
13. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising heating said sensor to an operating temperature of about 340 degrees celsius.
This invention is directed to novel gas sensors, more particularly novel semiconducting oxide gas sensors.
The use of semiconducting oxides as gas sensors, particularly where the oxide is used in a pressed and sintered powder form, has been common for several years. The electrical resistance of such sensors has been found to vary in a predictable manner when the sensor is operated in the presence of a particular gas, or concentration of gas, thus facilitating detection of particular gases or gas concentrations. Prior art semiconductor gas sensors however suffer from lack of stability, lack of reproducibility, and sensitivity to the relative humidity in the atmosphere. The reason for the sensitivity, and to a great extent the reason for the lack of stability and the lack of reproducibility, is believed to be associated with the fact that prior art gas sensors depend on intergranular contacts between powder grains for their sensitivity. For example, in a prior art gas sensor based on tin oxide, the gases in the atmosphere interact at the surface of the tin oxide grain, affecting the intergranular contacts and thus affecting the electrical properties of the sintered powder. Because of the sensitivity of the surface to humidity, and because of the difficulties with reproducibility of intergranular contacts, the sensors have the abovementioned problems.
The inventors have found that bismuth molybdate (a term which is hereafter used to describe an oxide where bismuth and molybdenum are cations of various atomic percentages and oxygen is the anion) can be used as a gas sensor with good sensitivity for certain gases and good reproducibility and stability, and in particular almost zero dependence of the sensor characteristics (the electrical resistivity) on the relative humidity. Bismuth molybdate gas sensors can be particularly useful for the detection of alcohol in the breath, having both substantial sensitivity in the concentration range of interest (200 ppm) and having negligible response to the humidity from the breath. There are certain other organic species that the sensor will detect, as will be described.
The inventors have also found that bismuth iron molybdate (Bi3 FeMo2 O12) can be used as a gas sensor in much the same way and with much the same properties as bismuth molybdate. The inventors have also found that the sensitivity and linearity of the bismuth iron molybdate sensor can be improved by mixing with platinum black. These compounds are part of a whole class of catalysts (molybdates) which the inventors expect to have much the same properties.
Although not wanting to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that the insensitivity of a bismuth molybdate sensor to humidity arises because the changes in electrical resistance exhibited by the bismuth molybdate class of materials, when exposed to gases, are associated with the materials' bulk properties, rather than surface properties (intergranular contacts) as is the case with tin oxide and other such sensors. The resistance is associated with the bulk because lattice oxygen vacancies diffuse extremely rapidly through the semiconductor. This means bulk equilibrium of the catalyst stoichiometry (metal to oxide ratio) with the surrounding gas can be very rapid.
Bismuth molybdate sensors can be used in the form of a thin film of material or as a sintered powder. The thin film form is particularly useful where low sensor power and fast response time is important. In the case of bismuth molybdate which exists as several crystallographic structures the stoichiometry (ratio of bismuth to molybdenum atoms) is found to be important. A mixture of the alpha (Bi2 Mo3 O12) and gamma (Bi2 MoO6) phases of bismuth molybdate provides the optimum gas sensitivity.
The invention provides, in one embodiment, a gas sensor comprising a mixture of the Bi2 Mo3 O12 and Bi2 MoO6 phases of bismuth molybdate. In a second embodiment, the invention provides a gas sensor comprising bismuth iron molybdate. The gas to be sensed may be an alcohol, a ketone, an alkene, or a long chain alkane.
Gas sensors constructed in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention may be doped with platinum, silver or palladium to improve their sensitivity to particular gases such as hydrogen or ethanol.
The bismuth molybdate mixture; or, the bismuth iron molybdate comprising the gas sensor, may be deposited as a thin film on a substrate; or, may take the form of a sintered powder.
The invention also provides a method of measuring gas concentration comprising the steps of exposing the gas to a sensor constructed in accordance with either the first or second embodiments of the invention and then measuring the electrical resistance of the sensor. The sensor is preferably heated to an operating temperature of about 340 degrees celsius.
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are, respectively, side and top cross-sectional views of an evaporated layer of bismuth molybdate on a quartz substrate with gold contacts; FIG. 1(c) is a pictorial illustration of a pressed pellet of bismuth molybdate (or bismuth iron molybdate) with embedded gold contacts.
FIG. 2 is a graph on which gas concentration (in thousands of parts per million) is plotted as the abscissa, versus change in conductance (in 10-7 mhos) as the ordinate for an evaporated film of bismuth molybdate upon exposure to several representative gases.
FIG. 3 is a graph on which time (in minutes) is plotted as the abscissa, versus conductance (in 10-10 mhos) as the ordinate for a sensor constructed in accordance with the invention and exposed to air of progressively increasing relative humidity.
FIG. 4(a) is a graph on which time (in minutes) is plotted as the abscissa, versus conductance (in 10-8 mhos) as the ordinate for a sensor constructed in accordance with the invention, and exposed to a 200 ppm concentration of ethanol vapor to show the sensor's short turn on time. FIG. 4(b) shows the turn on time of a similarly operated prior art tin oxide sensor, with conductance (in 10-4 mhos) plotted as the ordinate.
FIG. 5 is a graph on which temperature (in hundreds of degrees Celsius) is plotted as the abscissa, versus conductance (in 10-7 mhos) for three different bismuth molybdate sensors constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 6(a) is a graph on which time (in thousands of seconds) is plotted as the abscissa, versus conductance (in 10-6 mhos) as the ordinate for a bismuth molybdate sensor constructed in accordance with the invention, and exposed to various concentrations of ethanol vapor. FIG. 6(b) plots the same data as FIG. 6(a), but with logarithmic nanomhos as the ordinate and logarithmic concentration as the abscissa.
FIG. 7 is graph on which logarithmic concentration (in parts per million) is plotted as the abscissa, versus logarithmic change in conductance (in micromhos) for three bismuth iron molybdate sensors constructed in accordance with the invention and operated at 340� C. in the presence of various concentrations of ethanol vapor.
FIG. 8 is a graph on which time (in thousands of seconds) is plotted as the abscissa, versus conductance (in 10-6 mhos) as the ordinate for a bismuth iron molybdate sensor constructed in accordance with the invention.
The inventors have discovered that the bismuth molybdate class of sensors provides significant advantages over other materials reported in the literature insofar as use as a gas sensor is concerned. These advantages are believed to arise because of the fact that, with the high oxygen vacancy mobility in the material, we are dealing with a bulk resistance change rather than with the surface resistance change reported for other semiconducting oxide gas sensors.
Bismuth molybdate can be formed from solution by co-precipitation of bismuth and molybdenum oxide from bismuth nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate. After calcining, a thin film can be produced by evaporation, using the bismuth molybdate powder as source. Other thin film techniques well known in the art, such as sputtering, can be used. The crystal structure of the material depends on the stoichiometry of the bismuth and molybdenum used. Three structures are known in the literature as the alpha (Bi2 Mo3 O12), beta (Bi2 Mo2 O9) and gamma (Bi2 MoO6) phases of bismuth molybdate. The inventors have found that optimum gas sensitivity is attained with bismuth molybdate films that consist of a mixture of the alpha and gamma phases.
Bismuth iron molybdate is prepared in a similar manner, namely by the co-precipitation of bismuth nitrate, iron nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate. This compound has only one stable stoichiometry (Bi3 FeMo2 O12) although mixed phases with bismuth molybdate or other binary or simple oxides are possible. Evaporated films of Bi3 FeMo2 O12 cannot be readily produced because the iron in this compound cannot be readily co-evaporated. However, it can be pressed into pellets which are much stronger than those of bismuth molybdate. In pellet form surface active powders (catalysts) can be added.
Bismuth molybdate and bismuth iron molybdate are well known as partial oxidation catalysts, for example, in the oxidation of propene to acrolein. In studies in the catalytic literature there is substantial evidence that the catalytic activity arises because the organic material removes lattice oxygen and the oxide vacancies diffuse rapidly away from the surface. Because the oxygen vacancies are donors the conductivity of the catalyst rises rapidly as the oxygen is extracted. This electrical effect has no particular interest in catalysis but is of great interest in gas sensing.
In normal operation in air there are two competing reactions:
R+OL →RO+e-+V0 + (1)
1/202 +V0 + +e-→OL (2)
where V0 + is an ionized oxygen vacancy, the electron e- going into the conduction band. OL is a lattice oxygen and R a reducing agent such as ethanol or CO. The reactions are only intended to be examples, to illustrate the general processes of oxygen removal by a reducing agent and restoration by gaseous oxygen. Without the reducing agent in the atmosphere the density of oxygen vacancies is very low so that the conductivity of the bismuth molybdate is very low. When reaction 1 begins to occur due to the presence of the reducing agent the oxygen vacancy density and the electron density in the bulk increase rapidly resulting in a high conductivity, and this result allows the reducing agent to be detected by a conductivity measurement.
Because the bismuth molybdates are a common catalyst for the oxidation of propene, many bismuth to molybdenum ratios were tested to find a propene sensor. Although the bismuth molybdate material was found to be a good sensor for propene (compared to propane) it was found to be even better for alcohols and ketones as shown in Tables 1 and 2. In particular it is an excellent sensor for ethanol. As mentioned earlier, another desirable feature manifested itself, namely insensitivity to relative humidity.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________The Selectivity of Bismuth Iron Molybdate Gas Sensing Pellets__________________________________________________________________________ sintered at 400� C. sintered at 500� C. with Pt blackReducing Gas G0 G200 slope G0 G200 slope G0 G200 slope__________________________________________________________________________CO 0.040 0.071 0.54 -- -- -- -- -- --H2 0.048 0.070 -- 0.51 1.07 -- 0.017 0.043 --methane 0.035 0.009 -- -- -- -- -- -- --propane 0.042 0.059 -- 0.51 0.41 -- 0.017 0.042 0.78propene 0.030 0.61 0.61 -- -- -- 0.018 0.51 0.71hexane 0.029 0.59 0.51 -- -- -- 0.031 1.34 0.74methanol 0.032 0.97 0.56 0.43 5.50 0.55 0.016 0.31 0.88ethanol 0.044 1.38 0.55 0.23 7.59 0.39 0.017 1.16 0.882-propanol 0.067 0.86 0.55 -- -- -- 0.017 0.90 0.79acetone 0.068 1.47 0.54 0.49 8.58 0.42 0.013 1.68 0.873-pentanone 0.028 1.42 0.55 -- -- -- 0.028 1.95 0.77__________________________________________________________________________ sintered at 600� C. with Ag added__________________________________________________________________________ H2 -- -- -- 0.033 0.37 0.70 ethanol 0.71 4.70 0.29 0.028 0.29 0.75 acetone 1.25 4.23 0.30 0.030 0.47 0.78__________________________________________________________________________ note: The sensor operating temperature is 340� C., G0 is the base conductance, ΔG200 is the increase in conductance over this base for 200 ppm of gas (both in units of micromhos), slope is the loglog slope of conductance versus concentration.
TABLE 2______________________________________Examples of Selectivity of a Bismuth MolybdateEvaporated FilmReducing Gas G0 ΔG200______________________________________CO 0.0319 0.007H2 0.035 0.015H2 S 0.045 0.062aMethane 0.040 --Propane 0.036 0.001Butane 0.019 0.018N-Octane 0.036 0.205bPropene 0.022 0.037Pentene 0.017 0.102Methanol 0.035 0.137Ethanol 0.035 0.3482-Propanol 0.038 0.1391-Butanol 0.033 0.613Acetone 0.041 0.1143-Pentanone 0.037 0.436c______________________________________ Note: The sensor operating temperature is 340� C., G0 is the base conductance, ΔG200 is the increase in conductance over this base for 200 ppm of gas (both units of micromhos). Exceptions are (a) 11 ppm, (b) 15 ppm, and (c) 100 ppm.
Pellets of bismuth molybdate were prepared by co-precipitation from an aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate. The precipitated material was heated, to remove water, convert hydroxides to oxides, and induce sintering or even melting. Good sensitivity was obtained with pellets that were predominately alpha phase along with some gamma phase, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Example 1 describes a detailed preparation procedure for a bismuth molybdate co-precipitated powder and a pellet.
The two component solutions are first prepared 0.1 M ammonium molybdate ((NH4)6 Mo7 O24.4H2 O) dissolved in 5% ammonium hydroxide (NH4 OH); and 0.5 M bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2 O) in 5M nitric acid (HNO3). The molybdate solution is then added dropwise to the bismuth solution while stirring until the desired proportions
are obtained. The atomic Bi/Mo ratio was equal to 1. The resultant solution is co-precipitated by the slow (dropwise) addition of ammonium hydroxide. The precipitation is completed at about a pH of 6. After 16 hours the precipitate was filtered to remove excess solution and dried at 140� C. for 4 hours. A final calcining at 500� C. in air for about 2 hours was used to drive out ammonia and nitric oxide gases and produce the bismuth molybdate compound. The material is then ground to a fine powder and stored.
For the initial gas sensing studies pressed pellets were made of various bismuth molybdate powders. The pressure used was about 9�108 N/m2 with a pellet size of 5 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. It was found that the bismuth molybdate pellets formed were quite brittle and had a tendency to break. To improve their strength some of the pellets were sintered (in air) at temperatures just below their melting points which are for alpha 650� C., beta 662� C., and gamma 933� C.
Unlike prior art tin oxide gas sensors, bismuth molybdate sensors have proven to be equally effective or better when prepared as thin evaporated films. Studies were made to determine the optimum bismuth to molybdate ratio with respect to sensitivity for ethanol. Example 2 shows the detailed steps to produce an optimized evaporated layer of bismuth molybdate.
The bismuth molybdate powder of Example 1 was
placed in a molybdenum boat in a standard vacuum evaporator. Current was applied to the boat, melting the powder and causing evaporation onto a fused quartz substrate. The evaporation was continued until a thin film monitor indicated 10,000 angstrom thickness. The films when first evaporated are black in colour due to the loss of oxygen as the bismuth molybdate decomposes and evaporates separately as bismuth and molybdenum oxides. The initial stoichiometry of the source powder was Mo/Bi=1(or 2/2). The film was then calcined at 400� C. for about three hours. This recovered the pale yellow colour of the catalyst and produced a stoichiometric (with respect to oxygen) mixture of phases of bismuth molybdate. The final phases obtained in the film of course depend on the initial phases evaporated. The actual phases obtained in Example 2 were an alpha plus gamma mixture as determined by X-ray diffraction.
Evaporated film sensors were prepared on a quartz substrate using bismuth molybdates in the bismuth to molydenum ratios 2/3, 2/2, and 2/1. Films prepared from the 2/2 mixture were the most sensitive to the presence of ethanol, films prepared from the 2/1 mixture showed some response to the presence of ethanol while the films prepared from the 2/3 ratio were almost totally insensitive.
Bismuth molybdate films have been successfully evaporated onto a number of different substrates: ceramic, glass, fused quartz, and fused quartz annealed to remove excess water. In the example of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), the substrate was quartz. Gold electrical contacts were applied by evaporation in an interlocking finger pattern over the semiconductor on one end of a rectangularly shaped substrate. The sensor was tested in a small tube furnace.
Since resistance of a thin layer of bismuth molybdate is somewhat high compared to the resistance of a normal tin oxide sensor, efforts were made to lower this resistance to more satisfactory values. This was done by depositing inter-digitated gold contacts on a fused quartz substrate before evaporating the bismuth molybdate. FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) show such an interdigitated structure 10 incorporating a quartz substrate 12, gold contacts 14 and bismuth molybdate 16 (the bismuth molybdate layer is not shown in FIG. 1(b), to avoid obscuring the contacts). As the resistance increases proportional to the distance between the contacts and decreases proportional to the length of the contacts it is clear that this construction will give a relatively low resistance.
Bismuth iron molybdate has been prepared by co-precipitation, subsequent calcining, followed by formation as a pressed pellet and further calcining. Example 3 describes a typical detailed preparation procedure.
Solutions of (NH4)6 Mo7 O24 *4H.sub. 2 O in 5% NH4 OH, Bi(NO3)3 *5H.sub. 2 O in 30% HNO3, and Fe(NO.sub. 3)3 *9H9H 2 O in 30% HNO3 were prepared in the molar proportions of Bi:Fe:Mo=3:1:2 and then mixed. The nitrates were mixed immediately and the ammonium heptamolybdate added drop by drop while stirring to prevent premature precipitation. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution was then added in a similarly careful manner until precipitation occurred at about a pH of 4 to 7. The solution was filtered and the precipitate dried on a glass petri dish at temperatures up to 300� C. to remove the water and to drive off ammonia and nitric oxides. The dry powder was then finely ground in a mortar, calcined at 400� C. for three hours, reground and stored. The final product was a brownish yellow in color.
The identification of the catalyst powder was confirmed by a standard powder X-ray diffraction technique using a computerized horizontal diffractometer and Cu K-alpha radiation. Powder calcined at 500� C. and above showed the X-ray peaks associated with an ordered scheelite structure. Those calcined at 400� C. showed the disordered structure.
The pellets used for gas sensing measurements were prepared using a specially designed press that allowed gold wires to be embedded. The pellets formed were 5 mm in diameter and about 1 mm thick. At the press induced pressure of about 5�108 N/m2 the pellets reached a density of about 4 g/cm3. This can be compared to the single crystal density of 7.16 5 g/cm3. The wires, 0.12 mm in diameter, ran completely through the disk perpendicular to the vertical axis of the pellet disk, at a separation of 2 mm. FIG. 1(c) illustrates the pellet disk 18 with embedded wires 20. Before use, the pellet was again sintered (calcined) at 400� C., or at a higher temperature for some experiments.
To study the effect of additives, platinum black was mixed into the bismuth iron molybdate powder just before the final sintering. The percentages used by weight were 7 and 21 which showed much the same results. The platinum was well dispersed and active when the sintering temperature was 500� C. or above. The mixed powder was made into pellets for testing.
For the case of silver doping, 1% by weight of AgNO3 was mixed with the bismuth iron molybdate powder in an aqueous slurry. The sample was then sintered at 500� C. and made into a pellet as before. As in all cases the pellets were re-sintered for added strength at the temperature being studied.
The pellet with attached wires was mounted on a quartz slide that allowed the pellet to sit vertically in a small tube furnace about 5 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Contact to copper wires was made at the other end of the slide using silver dag as physical and electrical support, outside the furnace. A chromel alumel thermocouple in close proximity to the sensor was used to monitor and control the temperature (using standard electronics). This system was placed in a large plexiglass chamber to allow easy injection of known amounts of gas or solvent.
FIGS. 2 and 6 and Tables 1 and 2 show the sensitivity of the sensors to various gases. More particularly, FIG. 2 plots gas concentration versus change in conductance for an evaporated film of bismuth molybdate upon exposure to eleven different reducing agents identified by letters "A" through "K" in FIG. 2 as follows; A: methane and propane; B: carbon monoxide; C: hydrogen; D: Iso-Octane; E: acetone; F: methanol; G: Iso-propanol; H: ethanol; I: 3-Pentanone; J: 1-butanol; and, K: N-Octane. FIG. 6(a) plots time versus conductance for a bismuth molybdate sensor exposed to eleven different concentrations of ethanol vapor identified on FIG. 6(a) with the letters "A" through "K" as follows. A: laboratory air (G/Go =1); B: 1 ppm ethanol (G/Go =2.5); C: 5 ppm ethanol (G/Go =7.0); D: 10 ppm ethanol (G/Go =10.8); E: 20 ppm ethanol (G/Go =16.0); F: 50 ppm ethanol (G/Go =26.1); G: 100 ppm ethanol (G/Go =38.4); H: 200 ppm ethanol (G/Go =56.9); I: 500 ppm ethanol (G/Go =93.6); J: 1,000 ppm ethanol (G/Go =136.5); and, K: venting. FIG. 6(b) plots the same data as FIG. 6(a) logarithmically, showing a power law dependence of 0.58. All of the films of bismuth molybdate were prepared in the manner described in Example 2. A very low sensitivity to short alkanes, CO and hydrogen, a medium sensitivity to longer alkanes and alkenes, and a high sensitivity for alcohols and ketones is observed.
With reference to FIG. 6, it should be noted that sensitivity to very small amounts of vapor (1 ppm EtOH) can be attained. This is greater than that seen for most semiconductor gas sensors, primarily because the baseline is stable against relative humidity.
For the case of Platinum doped bismuth iron molybdate, ratios up to 100 times the baseline can be seen for injection of 200 ppm EtOH. The use of silver dopant allows the detection of hydrogen. Similar effects are expected with palladium dopant.
FIG. 3 illustrates the sensor's lack of sensitivity to relative humidity, showing that the base line itself hardly changes with relative humidity. More particularly, FIG. 3 plots conductance versus time for a bismuth molybdate evaporated film sensor operated in an atmosphere of progressively increasing relative humidity; regions "A", "B", "C" and "D" on FIG. 3 respectively denoting atmospheres of 40%, 54%, 66% and 77% relative humidity. It has been found there is also no synergistic effect on the conductivity in an ethanol vapor atmosphere.
FIGS. 4(a) and (b) show the substantial improvement in turn-on time for a sensor constructed in accordance with the invention, as compared with a typical prior art (Figaro TGS#812) tin oxide gas sensor measured under the same conditions, except the waiting time before ethanol injection was of necessity longer. With reference to FIG. 4(a), region "A" shows the response characteristic of a bismuth molybdate sensor constructed in accordance with the invention without power having been applied thereto for one day; region "B" shows the response transient observed when power is initially applied to the sensor; region "C" shows the attainment of steady state operation; and, region "D" is the response obtained upon exposure of the sensor to a 200 ppm concentration of ethanol. The same regions are labelled on FIG. 4(b), which depicts the response of the prior art sensor under similar operation. As FIG. 4(b) shows, after the heater the prior art device has been turned off for some time, one has to wait some minutes for the SnO2 -based to come to eguilibrium--a process presumably with burning of organics that have been depos on the gas sensor during the interim. The bismuth gas sensor, on the other hand, shows only a (and much shorter) transient response so can use test for 200 ppm alcohol immediately after g- it on. This makes the sensor much more practical use for testing of breath, for example, because t long wait time is not necessary.
There is also a difference in long term transients. The bismuth molybdate come to final equilibrium in about ten minutes whereas the SnO2 -based sensors require days "burn in" after they are made.
FIG. 5 shows the stability of a bismuth molybdate sensor constructed in accordance with the invention, while under continuous use. The three lower curves on FIG. 5 depict the sensor's response when operated in the presence of air; the three upper curves depict the sensor's response when operated in the presence of a 200 ppm of ethanol vapor. The curves labelled denote an initial test of the sensor; the curves label "B" show the sensor after one month of continuous operation; and, the curves labelled "C" show the sensor two months of continuous operation. It can be seen there is very little change in response over two month period. The change that is seen may be due errors in temperature calibration rather than in sensor response. Similar stability has been observed for bismuth iron molybdate pellets.
FIG. 7 shows the effect on sensor response linearity of different preparation techniques of bismuth iron molybdate pellets. More particularly, the lines labelled "A", "B", and "C" on 7 respectively designate the operating characteristics of pellets sintered at 400� C. (line "A"), at 500� C. (line "B"), and at 500� C. with 21% platinum (line "C"). The sensors were each operated at 34� C. and exposed to varying concentrations of ethan obtain the data plotted in FIG. 7. For platinum doped material (i.e. the line labelled "C" in FIG. 7) the conductivity measured is close to being a direct function of the concentration of reducing vapor. This would simplify calibration in a practical device as well as extend the range of useful sensor operation.
FIG. 8 shows the e of operating temperature on the speed of response of a bismuth iron molybdate pellet sensor. More particularly, FIG. 8 plots as curves "A", "B" and "C" respectively, the operating characteristics of a 7% platinum doped bismuth iron molybdate sensor (prepared by sintering at 500� C.) after exposure to 20 ppm ethanpl, followed by exposure to 200 ppm ethanol; curve "A" showing operation at 220� C. (magnified by a factor of five to improve clarity), curve "B" showing operation at 330� C. and curve "C" showing operation at 410� C. change in vacancy mobility are believed to be responsible to the variation of response speed with temperature. At 220� C. the sensor responds slowly but shows great (a factor of about 400 change in conductivity for 200 ppm EtOH). At 410� C. the sensor is much faster but has lost sensitivity (a factor of 7). 330� C. is considered by the inventors to be a compromise temperature (a factor of about 40).
As will be apparent those skilled in the art in the light of the disclosure many alterations and modifications are without departing from the spirit of scope thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by following claims.
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text:
NFC South: Ian Scott
Panthers release injured DT Scott
Posted by ESPN.com's Pat Yasinskas
The Carolina Panthers thought they might be able to revive the career of defensive tackle Ian Scott when they signed him in the offseason. It didn't work out that way.
The Panthers released Scott with an injury settlement Wednesday. A knee injury had kept him out of most of the preseason. Scott hasn't played in an NFL game since 2006 when he was with Chicago.
The move shouldn't have much of an impact on Carolina's defensive line because Scott was expected to be the fourth tackle, at best. His injury has given Gary Gibson lots of snaps and the Panthers like what they've seen. Gibson likely will end up as the fourth end behind Damione Lewis, Ma'ake Kemoeatu and Darwin Walker.
Around the NFC South: Ellis trying to catch up
Posted by ESPN.com's Pat Yasinskas
- The Saints and first-round pick Sedrick Ellis are trying to make up for lost time after the defensive tackle finally signed his contract. Defensive line coach Ed Orgeron made sure Ellis got a lot of work on his first day of practice.
- It doesn't appear as if the knee injury suffered by defensive tackle Ian Scott is too severe. It appears to be a knee sprain and it likely will cost Scott several weeks of practice, but he should be fine for the start of the regular season.
- The Bucs didn't use a second-round pick on Dexter Jackson to be only a return man. Jackson may start off primarily on special teams, but the Bucs are hoping he can develop as a receiver in a way similar to how Carolina's Steve Smith emerged as one of the best in the game.
- As they've said all along, the Falcons are in no rush to make a decision on a starting quarterback. They want to see rookie Matt Ryan in a couple of preseason games before anything is settled.
Carolina's D-line takes a hit
Posted by ESPN.com's Pat Yasinskas
Scott, who sat out the 2007 season, had been counted on to join Darwin Walker as the top backups behind Damione Lewis and Maake Kemoeatu. Lewis, Kemoeatu and Walker all sat out this morning's practice with minor injuries and there's not much experience behind them. They're expected to return soon. There's no definite word on the severity of Scott's injuries, but he's going through medical tests right now.


text:
Band Of Horses
Relly's Dream
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Band Of Horses
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By raging fire, it's the last moment of a single memory of mine.
And it best become to find the ring is ours
Every little second of the time is ours and when
we come, we come far.
Am I a minute too late? Did I even say? Did I laugh in the moment in a personal way?
I get down as fuck on the city's past
A grimace on my face when your legs collapsed.
I don't want to ever come off like that..
Dream of me, brother, when the tank is out.
Lay your body down
if the day is over now
Your legs you dangle off the bed
You're fearless in your head.
And my main desire;
not the past, present, or the future way to spend your life.
So we rested all night, and the taste is sour.
Every single minute of every single hour and when
the friends you leave behind
Can they get brought back? Cause there's something to say:
I was having second thoughts, but they came too late
I got dropped by the swamp and stuck in a rutt
I couldn't believe we made the second cut.
My god, how did things get to be this bad?
I dream of you, sister, while I'm gone for now.
I'm sleeping, thinking loud
All the sheets get tossed around
Events you might have didn't did
In the dreams we'll live again
Waking, finding out while the dreams are winding down
the awful things that might have been
You can fix them in the end
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text:
Who are CNN's prime-time advertisers anyway?
Submitted by Sue4theBillofrights on Tue, 01/22/2013 - 22:25. Permalink
I know there are many but publicizing the biggest 2 or 3 might begin to put some pressure on. I'm sure they can take the hit financially, it's the bad PR they don't like.
Release the Sandy Hook video.
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text:
Vacation Style: Dressed Up or Dressed Down?
by Fashion
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Read More Milla JovovichFab PollTravel
Michaelrcks 6 years
APPROPRIATELY dressed.
Michaelrcks 6 years
APPROPRIATELY dressed.
tigerfire21 6 years
Tank, cutoffs, bikini. My primary vacation wardrobe.
junebiswas 6 years
A little bit of this and a little bit of that ;)
satarah 6 years
I try to look nice wherever I have the chance (read: not having to work in a lab all day). Not really anything too fancy, but I like taking dresses when I travel. It's easy to put an outfit together with a dress and I usually only go to vacation in warm seasons.
rabidmoon 6 years
Depends..when I travel I always try to have at least ONE thing that looks a bit dressier "just in case". Definitely one thing I do like to do is dress nice while travelling (I invested in very good luggage a few years ago, and always try to mind the cute details..nice gloves in winter, practical but sleek, non-wrinkling clohtes)... but on planes, it gets harder each year..between security and customs and shoes off and shoes on and crowds and heat and hassle its almost not worth it anymore, which is sad. I tend to pick shoes that "don't beep", clothes that "don't beep" and now...thanks to an overzealous security lady in Amsterdam, "bras that don't beep". /shudder In general my opinion is "dress to the season and occasion."
mommie 6 years
Some of each.
mommie 6 years
Some of each.
Francoisehardly 6 years
I vote dressed up, but a laid back dressed up. I don't care for the idea of being dressed down because I do too often and I've been wanting to get into the habit of dressing up more often.
emalove 6 years
Well, I usually travel somewhere warm and tropical for my vacations, so I love to wear flowy dresses and skirts. Nothing fancy, but I try to look nice for dinner and nights out.
neonbee 6 years
Both! I can't always just dress down and sometimes, it's good not to dress up.
quitecontrary 6 years
I love being able to wear my favorite dresses and skirts that might not be right for work or just everyday wear (flowy, gauzy fabrics, summery patterns, a bit short)! I do skip the heels and jewelry (except for dinner and dancing) but overall, I prefer to stay stylin'. It's nice, too because when it's hot, there's always the excuse to change for dinner, too! No vacation from fashion! Love that!
RoyalBlueMoss 6 years
Dressed up! I never take a vacation from my Fashion.
smhooper 6 years
i do both, usually dress down for the day and dress up at night.
Lovely_1 6 years
I try to look good, but at the same time I think vacation is the best excuse to wear things you wouldn't have worn before! Usually you are in a different climate and atmosphere and you feel great trying on some new clothes you usually couldn't wear at home :)
Lovely_1 6 years
I try to look good, but at the same time I think vacation is the best excuse to wear things you wouldn't have worn before!Usually you are in a different climate and atmosphere and you feel great trying on some new clothes you usually couldn't wear at home :)
WhatTheFrockBlog 6 years
Casual, but in different degrees. When I was in Mexico, I wore jean shorts and tank tops all week. When I go to Europe, I still stay very casual but wear my nicest jeans and cutest tops (with COMFY shoes). I'm just super-casual in general. I hate getting dressed up.
WhatTheFrockBlog 6 years
Casual, but in different degrees. When I was in Mexico, I wore jean shorts and tank tops all week. When I go to Europe, I still stay very casual but wear my nicest jeans and cutest tops (with COMFY shoes).I'm just super-casual in general. I hate getting dressed up.
bbkf 6 years
I always pack my nicest outfits for vacation.
amygem 6 years
depends on where you're going...
Cocoangel 6 years
Dresses are so much easier for me. On our vacation it was great to see the sites all day in a sleeveless dress & sandals, then pull on a cropped sweater & heels for dinner. I didn't look like a tourist.
fashion4ward 6 years
Dressed up! But I am one to usually overdress (in a good way).
Mintie 6 years
I love fashion too much to ever be dressed down. I go to a bbq in a dress and heels and no one expects any differently from me. And I do the same on vacation... also, most of my vacations are to places in europe, so I like to fit in with the locals.
shopgirl123 6 years
not particularly fancy, but i always try to look my best on vacation... who knows why!
Link Love
- Meet Cara's Insta-twin, Olivia Herdt — Lucky
- 19 ways to dress like a New York City gal — Who What Wear
- And Kanye West's latest fashion venture is . . . — Racked
- This video forces you to think about diversity in fashion — HuffPost Style
- Buy Stuart Weitzman heels, fight cancer. It's a win-win — The Cut
- Avoid all wardrobe mishaps with these essentials — InStyle
- A stylish belt to DIY — and it won't break the bank — Man Repeller
- Are live-stream cameras about to change Fashion Week? — Style.com
- The new ring we can't stop obsessing over — SheFinds


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Business in brief
Commonwealth Eye Care Associates, 10431 Patterson Ave., is inviting blind and visually impaired artists from metro Richmond to participate in their first annual CECA Insight Art Exhibit displaying paintings, drawings, sculptures and other mixed media. Artwork will be selected based on the artist's originality, expressive use of media, artistic excellence and on their ability to inspire dialogue about the role of vision in the creative process. Selected artwork will be displayed in the CECA reception area from August 2-16. Participants may enter up to four pieces in each category; entries are due June 1. For more information, call Amy Philipp at 217-6363.
Chef Todd Brady, formerly with LA Grill in Lakeside, is now operating out of The Dixie Chicken, located at 1203 Westover Hills Blvd. off Forest Hill Ave. Brady serves the same homemade, southern style cuisine as he did with LA Grill. For more information, call 837-0935 or visit http://www.thedixiechicken.com .
The Henrico Business Council will host its Henrico Café event at the 28th annual Lebanese Food Festival on Friday, May 18 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. at St. Anthony's Maronite Catholic Church, 4611 Sadler Rd. in Glen Allen. Guests will gather in the covered patio between the sanctuary and church parking lot and then proceed as a group to the festival area. Enjoy Lebanese delicacies, music, traditional dancing and networking with business council members. Admission is free but guests are encouraged to purchase food. For information on the festival, visit http://stanthonymaronitechurch.org/festival To r.egister, call 783-9368 or visit http://www.grcc.com .
SyCom Technologies, headquartered in Richmond, recently received the Cisco Partner Summit theater award for outstanding customer satisfaction for the East area. Out of all of the Eastern US Cisco partners, SyCom was chosen number one in customer satisfaction with a score of 4.95 on a 5-point scale. Cisco Partner Summit awards are presented at three levels: global, geo and theater, and reflect a partner's performance in a given geographic region of the United States or Canada. Founded in 1996, SyCom is an award-winning IT Systems Integrator.
The Princeton Review and the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) recently published the free downloadable book, "Guide to 322 Green Colleges," in which University of Richmond was listed. The Princeton Review selected colleges for the book based on a survey it conducted of hundreds of colleges across the United States and Canada. Results also are used to tally a "green rating score" of 60-99, used in the company's other college guidebooks and website. Colleges in the book are not ranked, but each scored a green rating of at least 83. Richmond scored 95.
The Greater Richmond Alliance recently elected their executive committee. Chosen were Darel Gallagher of RBC Wealth Management and Melissa Carpenter of Springdale at Lucy Corr. Lisa Hollier of Choice Connections was re-elected as president. The Greater Richmond Alliance is an organization of highly competent and trustworthy individuals who specialize in providing professional services for seniors and their families. For more information, call Lisa Hollier at 364-0123 or visit http://www.greaterrichmondalliance.org .
The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) recently named University of Richmond to the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll for the fourth time in recognition of commitment to, and achievement in, community service. Schools are selected annually for the scope and innovation of service projects, percent of student participation in community service, incentives for service and the extent of service-learning courses in the curriculum. CNCS is a federal agency that oversees service through Senior Corps, AmeriCorps and Learn and Serves America, and leads President Barack Obama's initiative, United We Serve.
Tree seedling giveaway planned April 2-3
Citizen Staff Reports 03/30/2015
The Henricopolis Soil & Water Conservation District will sponsor a tree seedling giveaway on April 2 at Dorey Park Shelter 1 from 2:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. and on April 3 at Hermitage High School parking lot from 8:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Bare-root tree seedlings are available to Henrico County residents free of charge for the spring planting season.
The following seedling species will be available: apple, kousa dogwood, red maple, river birch, red osier dogwood, loblolly pine, sycamore, bald cypress, white dogwood and redbud. Quantities are limited and trees are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Each participant is allowed up to 10 trees total, not to include more than five of the same species. > Read more.
State provides online directory of Bingo games
Citizen Staff Reports 03/30/2015
Wondering where to go to play Bingo? Wonder no more.
The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) recently launched an online directory of permitted bingo games played in Virginia. Listed by locality, more than 400 regular games are available across the state. The directory will be updated monthly and can be found on VDACS' website at http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/gaming/index.shtml.
"Many Virginia charities, including volunteer rescue squads, booster clubs and programs to feed the homeless, use proceeds from charitable gaming as a tool to support their missions, said Michael Menefee, program manager for VDACS' Office of Charitable and Regulatory Programs. > Read more.
Local couple wins wedding at Lewis Ginter
Richmonders Jim Morgan and Dan Stackhouse were married at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden in Lakeside Mar. 7 month after winning the Say I Do! With OutRVA wedding contest in February. The contest was open to LGBT couples in recognition of Virginia's marriage equality law, which took effect last fall. The wedding included a package valued at $25,000.
Morgan and Stackhouse, who became engaged last fall on the day marriage equality became the law in Virginia, have been together for 16 years. They were selected from among 40 couples who registered for the contest. The winners were announced at the Say I Do! Dessert Soiree at the Renaissance in Richmond in February. > Read more.
Page 1 of 125 pages 1 2 3 > Last ›
Weekend Top 10
Two events this weekend benefit man's best friend – a rabies clinic, sponsored by the Glendale Ruritan Club, and an American Red Cross Canine First Aid & CPR workshop at Alpha Dog Club. The fifth annual Shelby Rocks "Cancer is a Drag" Womanless Pageant will benefit the American Cancer Society and a spaghetti luncheon on Sunday will benefit the Eastern Henrico Ruritan Club. Twin Hickory Library will also host a used book sale this weekend with proceeds benefiting The Friends of the Twin Hickory Library. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
A taste of Japan
Ichiban offers rich Asian flavors, but portions lack
In a spot that could be easily overlooked is a surprising, and delicious, Japanese restaurant. In a tiny nook in the shops at the corner of Ridgefield Parkway and Pump Road sits a welcoming, warm and comfortable Asian restaurant called Ichiban, which means "the best."
The restaurant, tucked between a couple others in the Gleneagles Shopping Center, was so quiet and dark that it was difficult to tell if it was open at 6:30 p.m. on a Monday. When I opened the door, I smiled when I looked inside. > Read more.
One beauty of a charmer
Disney's no-frills, live-action 'Cinderella' delights
Cinderella is the latest from Disney's new moviemaking battle plan: producing live-action adaptations of all their older classics. Which is a plan that's had questionable results in the past.
Alice in Wonderland bloated with more Tim Burton goth-pop than the inside of a Hot Topic. Maleficent was a step in the right direction, but the movie couldn't decide if Maleficent should be a hero or a villain (even if she should obviously be a villain) and muddled itself into mediocrity.
Cinderella is much better. Primarily, because it's just Cinderella. No radical rebooting. No Tim Burton dreck. It's the 1950 Disney masterpiece, transposed into live action and left almost entirely untouched. > Read more.
'Conner's Law' provides support for disabled adults
Governor orders training for ABC agents
Business in brief
Governor creates center for mental health services
Richmond growing faster than suburbs
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Mar. 19, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
A taste of Japan
One beauty of a charmer
'An Evening of Country' scheduled April 9-10
Restaurant watch
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Obituary – James L. Blanchard
Obituary – Martha A. Schulze
Obituary – Robert W. Taylor
- More Obituaries
Tree seedling giveaway planned April 2-3
State provides online directory of Bingo games
Local couple wins wedding at Lewis Ginter
- More Community
Cabin fever cures - and blessings
Getting schooled
Time to give spanking the boot
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Athlete of the Week – March 27: Walter Williams
Local bowlers win awards at tourney
Athlete of the Week – March 20: Annemarie Beran
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text: Quick View Penguin And Pinecone: A Friendship Story by Salina Yoon September 25, 2012 | Hardcover In stock online from $12.26 When Penguin finds a lost pinecone one day, an unlikely friendship blooms. But Grandpa reminds Penguin that pinecones can't live in the snow-they belong in the warm forest far away. Though he will miss his friend, Penguin returns Pinecone to his home, dreaming of the day they can reunite. And when… See Details $12.91 / $12.26 lowest price*, or used from $6.81was $16.99


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Feb 12, 2008 | By Ruth T.Make sure if you have an outside pet, that you have a well insulated house, water and food for your pet. Check on him/her often. Bring him/her in if… more ›
Feb 12, 2008 | By PetsRockOur pets.....what would we do without them? Humans are great, don't get me wrong. And I absolutely love my husband and children more than anything. … more ›
Feb 12, 2008 | By Melissa G.It never fails to make me feel better, to go to the (icanhascheezburger.com) I Can Has Cheezburger or the (icanhashotdog.com) I Can Has … more ›
Feb 12, 2008 | By Krisrose4 | 1I have to tell you about my Life with Symba~ Im sure you have heard that doggy in the window song or atleast phrase~ well, that is truly how i got my … more ›
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Bethe Dufresne
Bethe Dufresne, a frequent contributor, is a freelance writer living in Old Mystic, Connecticut.
By this author
A journalist's sacred duty
When I first heard that NBC's Brian Williams had embellished his Iraq war reminiscences, falsely claiming that a chopper he was in had been hit by rocket fire, I thought instantly of Mike Valentine, a Vietnam War veteran diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Mike was the subject of a profile I wrote for a daily newspaper in 1999 to mark Veteran's Day, and because he was brutally frank about his disillusionment with that war, it was more of a downer than most. I worked hard to do him justice, and expected he would be pleased with the result.
Instead, Mike was furious, because I had gotten one detail wrong about his war service. It was a minor error, in my view, and in no way embellished his combat role. But Mike feared that someone who was there would read the story and think he had lied. That, to him, would be unbearable. "You don't understand," he kept saying to me, how crucial it is to get everything exactly right about combat, regardless of how insignificant it might seem. Trust is everything for soldiers, he said, even long after the war is over.
A Sermon in Stone
One afternoon last summer, Lawrence Hoy and Robert Rambusch toured New York City's Church of the Holy Family, nodding appreciatively at each other's observations as they walked. The fifty-eight-year-old Hoy, a well-known liturgical designer and president of Renovata Studios, hadn't seen Rambusch, his ninety-year-old mentor, in some time.
A View from the Edge
A little more than a year ago, in November 2011, Catholic and Muslim leaders from around the world convened in Jordan for the second forum hosted by A Common Word, an organization created in 2007 to promote interfaith engagement by highlighting similarities in the teachings of Christianity and Islam. While the inaugural forum had been held at the Vatican in 2008, this time the group met along the Jordan River, near the site of Jesus' baptism.
French Lessons
On screen and in print, Paris is much in vogue these days. Midnight in Paris, Woody Allen's ode to the City of Light in the 1920s, is an Oscar nominee for Best Picture, and David McCullough's The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris spent months on bestseller lists. If we're lucky, McCullough's hefty history spanning the 1830s through the 1890s will become a television miniseries, narrated of course by the Pulitzer Prize–winning author himself.
And the Winner Is...
Only a reporter could have written The Submission, an acutely topical and realistic novel about the rancorous debate unleashed when a Muslim wins a competition to design a memorial to those killed in the September 11, 2001, attacks. This is a story that reads as if a New York City newspaper's star reporter miraculously got intimate access to every major player and every major development in the most heated controversy of the day, plus the time to digest and organize it all before sitting down to write.
Gullible Travels
In the lobby of Nairobi's Boulevard Hotel you'll see signs promoting all manner of tourist sites, from a Maasai crafts market to animal parks to the Karen Blixen (Out of Africa) museum. For now, at least, you're unlikely to see any signs promoting tours of Nairobi's infamous Kibera slum, the largest slum in East Africa. But that doesn't mean such tours are difficult to find.
Money for Nothing?
It's anyone's guess whether Dead Aid, the title of Dambisa Moyo's new book, will become as famous a phrase as "Live Aid," the 1985 rock music extravaganza that raised money for famine-stricken Ethiopia.
Palestine's New Bishop
As a priest and educator, the sixty-six-year-old Palestinian Elias Chacour has uncommon gifts, some inherited, others hard earned. Named by the Vatican and the Holy Synod of the Melkite Catholic Church in February to be the Greek Catholic archbishop of Galilee, he is the first Israeli citizen to be appointed to the position. He is also founder of the Mar Elias Educational Institutions (MEEI) in Ibillin, Israel, a school that specializes in practical engineering.


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Passis in winter
I'm starting a small collection of passis that I will be planting in pots outside, but won't have the room to bring them inside for the winter. Can I cut them back after the first frost and put them into a dark part of our cool basement for the winter or will this kill them?
I wish it were that easy lol. Passies actually are a bit more work to overwinter. There are some that I have that I have to bring in, even here in zone 9.
Passiflora need light to survive. If they were kept in the dark basement they would probably die. When I lived in a zone 4, I kept my plumeria and brugmansia downstairs (dark basement) and my passies upstairs (with grow lights).
If it is warm enough, maybe you could make a small area in the basement for them , and set up a grow light. They need to be kept above freezing and some of the tropical ones need to be kept above 50 degrees.
You will also have to watch for spider mites which love the warm dry conditions in the house. Misting the leaves helps with this.
Also although they need good ventilation, don't place them directly near or in front of heat vents because this will dry out the leaves too much.
Keep them on the dry side and only water when slightly dry.
I am posting the link to passionflow that has alot of info. on passies. You can also do a search of this site on overwintering for further ideas.
Here is a link that might be useful: overwintering passiflora


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2 people found this helpful
"Like family. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Best Buy part-time (more than a year)
If you're working at the right location, your coworkers will be your family. My GM is one of the most genuine people I've ever met; he treats everyone equally and does absolutely everything that he can to make sure that we are all comfortable and happy in our jobs. He makes an effort to get to know every one of us.
There are many opportunities for moving up. Not only that, but the managers pay attention to your strengths and weaknesses. They will recommend transferring you to another area of the store if your current position isn't working out for you.
Starting pay is higher than most other retail areas.
The opportunity to learn is exceptional here. The e-learnings can be dull, but the actual hands-on information is priceless.
Employee discount: awesome.
Corporate is a joke. They're glorified paper-pushers. They have no idea what's actually happening in store and try to implement absolutely ridiculous goals that no one can reach, then expect the managers to punish their employees for not meeting those goals. It can be very tense for this reason. Sales structure has the expectations of a commission-based company minus the actual commission. Turnover rates are skyrocketing because of this. Losing a lot of amazing upper management due to budget cuts. E-learnings are often silly and use outdated/misguided information.
Empathize with your employees when times are tough, especially your sales team. You're not the only ones going home stressed out.
- Any Location
- Any Job Title
"Sales associate "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Best Buy part-time (less than a year)Pros
Discount program was the best in the game!Cons
Hours could've been WAY better.RecommendsNeutral OutlookDisapproves of CEO
2 people found this helpful
"Home Theater Associate "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Best Buy full-time (more than 3 years)Pros
A lot of great people to work with, never ending supply of new technology to learn, had a good discount on merchandise.Cons
Very little upward mobility, they would be willing to let you switch departments and learn more but not willing to let you move up the ladder.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Make sure you value good employees they will work very had as long as you come through on promises made. Stop telling employees if they do certain things they will be promoted. If you can't or won't come through for your employees when they do what you ask of them, they lose a lot of faith in you and the company.RecommendsNeutral OutlookDisapproves of CEO


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Web Exclusive
Maimed by the Beast
A group of Hondurans who've lost limbs to the train called La Bestia are traveling through Mexico, holding protests and warning about the dangers of the train.
March 16, 2015Joseph SorrentinoPolitics1 comment
Soft Thinking, Hard Problems
The Obama administration's 2015 National Security Strategy is a revealing document, even if it reveals through inadvertence.
February 10, 2015Andrew J. BacevichPolitics7 comments
Hispanics Lead U.S. Catholics on Climate Change
Nearly 90 percent of Latinos in a recent study cited a "moral duty" to preserve the planet for children and to respect ancestors' legacy of care for the earth.
March 11, 2015Katie Rose QuandtPolitics, Religion4 comments
Facing Down Death
No matter how accomplished, no matter how many titles and beach houses they accumulate, men crave some kind of red badge.
February 17, 2015Gordon Marino21 comments
Visual Bliss
Matisse's cut-outs are back at the Museum of Modern Art, some one hundred in number as against fifty in 1992--and more transporting than ever.
January 15, 2015Leo J. O'DonovanFilm & Arts0 comments
French Brother, Human Brother
I am sad for France of course, for the journalists and the others who died. But mainly I am sad for mankind. For the person who got shot, but also for him who fired.
January 13, 2015Robin TrémolPolitics, Religion0 comments
'Eventide' by Voces8
The via pulchritudinis is never far from me in my life as a Catholic, and it has been particularly with me lately as I've listened to Eventide by Voces8.
December 18, 2014Paul K. JohnstonFilm & Arts0 comments
Letter from Rome
It's striking how many priests and bishops famous for quoting papal documents ad nauseam seem unable even to pronounce the name of Francis's apostolic exhortation.
December 3, 2014Robert MickensReligion1 commentPremium
Holland's 'Zwarte Piet' Problem
At stake for the Dutch in the controversy over representations of St. Nicholas's black assistant: memory, a nation's pride, and standards of inclusion and kindness.
December 1, 2014Timothy P. Schilling8 comments
Christmas Critics 2014
Histories of the Cold War era, novels by authors new and not-so-new, meditations on spirituality: These are some of the works discussed by our Christmas critics.
December 1, 2014The Editors0 comments
Invisible Man
Politicians and pundits regularly misapply Smith's most famous metaphor, turning the "invisible hand" into an embodiment of the virtues of an unfettered market.
November 10, 2014Edward D. KleinbardPolitics3 comments
Letter from Rome
After the synod: fears about Pope Francis and doctrinal change, while Benedict breaks silence to encourage celebration of the pre-Vatican II liturgy.
October 29, 2014Robert MickensReligion16 comments
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ConnectArlington Informational Meeting
The ConnectArlington Informational Meeting will be on Weds. Feb. 18 at 7:00pm in the Walter Reed Community Center, 2919 16th St. South.
The ConnectArlington Informational Meeting will be on Weds. Feb. 18 at 7:00pm in the Walter Reed Community Center, 2919 16th St. South.
ATV's bi-weekly roundup of all the news and notes Around Arlington.
ATV's bi-weekly roundup of County news and events returns from holiday break!
On the last episode of 2014, we swear in the newest County Board member, Arlington leadership meets with the public to discuss the 2016 fiscal year budget, We celebrate this year's winners of the James B. Hunter Human Rights Award, and let you know how to recycle those Christmas trees.
How Arlington County used Design Thinking Principals to redesign community services.
On this episode, we get you ready for winter weather! Arlington is committed to plowing not only streets, but bike trails. Also, Board Chair Jay Fisette announced the cancellation of the Streetcar project, the Arlington Food Assistance Center is asking for your help this holiday season, more young adults are starting businesses here and more leaves are falling and collection continues!
On this episode, we celebrate a historic landmark in the community of Nauck, the Arlington County Fire Department reminds residents about checking your smoke alarm, the Emergency Winter Shelter is now open and the are a bunch of events happening around Arlington.
In this episode, the votes are in, and John Vihstadt has been re-elected to the County Board. Also, November is Animal Shelter Appreciation month so we celebrate in style, a new farmers market is opening up in Fairlington, and its time to prepare yourself against the flu.
In this episode, we celebrated some new parks around town, gained insight at the third annual Women in Business Conference, danced our way into helping the library's early literacy program, redefined marriage in the commonwealth with a ground breaking announcement and shared some tips on how to stay safe this Halloween, plus so much more.
Virginia Attorney General Mark Herring held a press conference at 12:30 p.m. today, Monday, Oct. 6 in front of the Arlington County Courthouse on the Commonwealth's response to the Supreme Court's decision not to review rulings on same-sex marriage in the Commonwealth and four other states.


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The latest buzz isn't about a new power tool or ingredient...
21 Ways to Get Gorgeous for Less
Cut Long Layers
Whether you go long and bohemian like Blake Lively or chic and shoulder length like Anne Hathaway, it's all about layers. "Even with short hair, you want longer layers. It's what gives hair bounce," says Mark Townsend, Matrix c


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Halloween Trail is Saturday night
WORTHINGTON — Families are invited to dress up and attend Pioneer Village's Halloween Trail event, scheduled from 6 to 8 p.m. Saturday.
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ASSISI, Italy — Pope Francis broke bread with the poor and embraced the disabled on a pilgrimage to his namesake's hometown Friday, urging the faithful to follow the example of the 13th-century St. Francis, who renounced a wealthy, dissolute lifestyle to embrace a life of poverty and service to the poor.
According to tradition, God told St. Francis to "repair my house," and the first pope to take the saint's name has made clear that he sees that as his own mission as well.
For Francis, that means reaching out to the most marginalized among the church's 1.2 billion followers, reforming the broken Vatican bureaucracy, and allowing the faithful to shake things up in their dioceses — even at the annoyance of their bishops — if that's what it takes to better spread God's word.
After all, the pope said, St. Francis was a radical himself in his complete devotion to his faith — a model that can serve Catholics today.
Here are some of the main goals Pope Francis has set out for his church, highlighted during his visit to the hilltop town of Assisi, whose native son has inspired his papacy:
A church that is "poor and for the poor": Francis had lunch with a group of poor at a soup kitchen after demanding that the faithful "strip" themselves of their worldly attachment to wealth, which he said is killing the church and its souls. He delivered that exhortation during the most evocative stop of the day, in the simple room where St. Francis stripped off his clothes, renounced his wealth and vowed to live a life of poverty. Since becoming pope in March, Francis has made it clear that one of his principal objectives is a church that is humble, looks out for the poorest and brings them hope. The "slum pope," as he is known because of his work in Argentina's shantytowns, recently denounced the "idolatry" of money and encouraged those without the "dignity" of work.
A church that welcomes and doesn't judge: Francis' first stop in Assisi was to an institute that cares for gravely disabled children, who in the words of the director are often seen as "stones cast aside," invisible and neglected by the world. Francis caressed and kissed each child, saying their "scars need to be recognized and listened to." It was part of the simple message of love that he has brought to others often considered outcasts, such as drug addicts and convicts. His "who am I to judge?" comment about gays over the summer was another reflection of this message of merciful welcome. It represented a radical shift in tone for the Vatican. Catholic teaching holds that all people should be treated with dignity and respect, so Francis was making no change in doctrine. But church teaching also holds that gay acts are "intrinsically disordered" — a point Francis has neglected to emphasize in favor of a message of inclusion.
A feminine church: Francis has called for a greater role for women in the governance of the church, while ruling out female ordination. He says the church itself is female, that Jesus Christ was married to the church and that Mary is more important than all the apostles. On Friday, Francis paid special attention to the women of the church, visiting the cloistered Sisters of St. Clare, an order founded by one of St. Francis' followers. In the Basilica of St. Clare, Pope Francis told the nuns that they must be mothers to the church and be joyful. "It makes me sad when I find sisters who aren't joyful," he lamented. "They might smile, but with just a smile they could be flight attendants!" He showed that same sense of humor later when he told a story about a mother who lamented that her 30-year-old son still hadn't gotten married — a reference to a generation of Italian men who seem unwilling to move out: "Signora," Francis recalled telling her. "Stop ironing his shirts!"
A reformed church: Francis was elected on a mandate to reform the church, and he has set about doing that. One of his first stops Friday was to pray at the sanctuary of St. Damian, where the saint in 1205 famously was told to take a broken church and rebuild it. The pope has just finished three days of meetings with advisers from churches around the globe helping him rewrite the main blueprint for how the Catholic Church is governed. Ideas include having a "moderator" to make the Vatican bureaucracy run more smoothly and a diminished role for the Vatican's powerful secretary of state. In an indication that a shift is already underway, the secretary of state didn't accompany Francis to Assisi, though his eight cardinal advisers did — a symbolic changing of the guard in favor of less centralized church authority.