text:
this is what i have:
MediaPlayer.Play(DataFile.AllMusicTitles[0].SongFile); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); MediaPlayer.Play(DataFile.AllMusicTitles[1].SongFile); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); MediaPlayer.Play(DataFile.AllMusicTitles[0].SongFile);
play s0, sleep, play s1, sleep, then play s0, then 2nd time i play s0, doesn't work. i don't hear anything. is there something wrong w/ how .Play works?
i also tried stopping the song before each play but still doesn't help.
update: if the song to be played twice is from the Medialibrary it works! But if you create a song from an uri it doesn't.


text:
Another ISS Spacewalk & A Selfie That's Out Of This World
Astronauts Barry "Butch" Wilmore and Terry Virts floated outside the International Space Station Wednesday for the second of three spacewalks.
Spacewalking Astronauts Turn Cable Guys In 1st Of 3 Jobs
Two space station astronauts stepped out of the International Space Station to do some tricky cable work.
SpaceX Hoping 3rd Times The Charm For Rocket Launch
SpaceX is hoping the third time will be the charm as they count down to Wednesday launch of an observatory.
High Wind Scraps SpaceX Observatory Launch, Rocket Landing
SpaceX tried again, unsuccessfully Tuesday to launch a new observatory into deep space as well as landing a booster that carried it up. Dangerously high winds kept it grounded.
SpaceX Calls Off Launch Of Space Weather Satellite
The much anticipated launch and booster landing of SpaceX's deep-space observatory was cancelled on Sunday.
SpaceX Looks To Launch Space Weather Satellite, Land Rocket
SpaceX is aiming for both a launch and landing within minutes of each other Sunday.
Rocket Booster Aiming For Ocean Barge In Redo Of SpaceX Test
The 1-million-mile destination for a space weather satellite isn't what has the space community excited. It's the rocket's ocean landing that everyone will be monitoring after Sunday's launch.
Boeing, SpaceX Will Beat Russia On Price For Astronaut Rides
NASA astronauts have been hitching rides on Russian rockets to reach the International Space Station since the U.S. retired its space shuttle launches in 2011.
Astronauts Close To Moving Into Space Station For Year
The International Space Station is getting some new guests soon.
SpaceX Launches For NASA, No Luck With Rocket Landing At Sea
SpaceX launched successfully and supplies are headed to the International Space Station but it's attempt to land the leftover booster did not fare as well.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Page 1
Causality methods in Cosmetovigilance: Comparison of Colipa and PLM versus
global introspection
P.G.M.A. Zweersa,⇑, N.J. Gilmourb, P.A. Hepburnb, R.F. Gerritsena, E.P. van Puijenbroeka
aNetherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
bUnilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever Colworth, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK441LQ, United Kingdom
a r t i c l ei n f o
Article history:
Received 20 October 2011
Available online 17 May 2012
Post Launch Monitoring
Adverse reaction
Undesirable effects
a b s t r a c t
The European Cosmetics Regulation requires a post-marketing system for detection of undesirable effects
on human health of cosmetic products. Colipa, the European Cosmetic, toiletry and perfumery associa-
tion, provided guidelines for causality assessment of these effects. In addition another causality method
originally designed for causality rating in Post Launch Monitoring (PLM) of novel foods has been
employed to assess causality of cosmetic products.
In this study these two causality schemes for consumer cosmetic products were validated against clin-
ical assessment, using the method of global introspection (GI) in 100 reported cases. Causality assess-
ments were performed by three experienced assessors in pharmacovigilance. In the event of
discordance between the assessors, an adapted Delphi method was used.
The overall Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.74 for comparison of Colipa versus GI, whereas this
was 0.50 for PLM versus GI. According to current guidelines, the sensitivity was 0.95 for both the Colipa
and PLM method, specificity was 0.84 for Colipa and 0.40 for PLM. From these results it can be concluded
the performance of the Colipa causality method yielded better correlation to GI than PLM causality
method. The factor identified from comparison of these two schemes as having greatest impact was
the course of the reaction.
? 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Cosmetic products placed on the EU market have high stan-
dards of safety and quality. Occurrence of undesirable effects as a
result of normal or reasonable foreseeable use of cosmetic pro-
ducts is rare, usually typically mild in nature and usually com-
pletely reversible (Colipa, 2008).
For about 30 years the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC, with
several legislative amendments and adaptations, has been in force
within Europe, which gives the cosmetic industry the responsibil-
ity to place only safe cosmetic products on the market. For this rea-
son, a system for post-market monitoring should be in place.
Article 7 a (1) (f) of the Directive requires that existing data on
undesirable effects on human health resulting from the use of
the cosmetic product shall be readily accessible in the product
information and forwarded to the competent authorities and pub-
lic upon request (Council of Europe, 1976, 2003). In November
2006, the Council of Europe had stressed the importance of the
use of a standardised system for a causality assessment method
(Council of Europe, 2006).
Colipa, the European Cosmetic, toiletry and perfumery associa-
tion, consequently provided guidelines on the ''Management and
reporting of undesirable events reports in the context of EU Cos-
metovigilance''. The aim of these guidelines was to minimise vari-
ations in interpretation of the current – and future – legislation, by
giving broad guidance to the cosmetic industry on receiving, cen-
tralising, recording, analysing and reporting of genuine undesir-
able event reports (Colipa, 2008). Among these are guidelines for
causality assessment. This refers to the analysis of the causal asso-
ciation between the use of the cosmetic product and reaction, on a
case by case basis, in an attempt to determine the probability that
a well identified product used by a consumer is responsible for a
genuine undesirable event. The causality assessment is therefore
strictly individual and relates to the effect on individual consum-
ers. The likelihood of causality is obtained from the use of a stand-
ardised method for causality assessment (Colipa, 2008). For
reporting purposes, all cases of undesirable effects classified by
the company as 'very likely' or 'likely' related to the used product
0273-2300/$ - see front matter ? 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abbreviations: Colipa, the European Cosmetic, toiletry and perfumery associa-
tion; PLM, Post Launch Monitoring; GI, global introspection; WHO, World Health
⇑Corresponding author. Fax: +31 736426136.
E-mail addresses: email@example.com (P.G.M.A. Zweers), Nicola.Gilmour@Unilever.
com (N.J. Gilmour), firstname.lastname@example.com (P.A. Hepburn), email@example.com
(R.F. Gerritsen), firstname.lastname@example.com (E.P. van Puijenbroek).
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yrtph
Page 2
should be considered as sufficiently attributable to the use of this
specific product and thus be included in the cosmetic product
information, in accordance with Article 7 a (1) (f) of the Cosmetics
This method for causality assessment of cosmetic products is
referred to as the 'Colipa scheme' (Colipa, 2008; Bons et al.,
2010). Since 2007 this method has been used by Unilever for all re-
ported undesirable events on cosmetic products.
Beside this causality method, another causality method has also
been applied by Unilever, originally designed for the causality rat-
ing in Post Launch Monitoring (PLM) of several novel food products
(van Puijenbroek et al., 2007).
After having had experience for 2.5 years in using both
schemes, it was shown that in numerous circumstances appli-
cation of the PLM and Colipa methods gave different outcome
for causality rating, although comparable key-elements for
causality assessment are used in both methods. From available
literature, it appears that neither scheme has yet been for-
mally validated, therefore a comparison of both schemes with
the method of clinical assessment via global introspection by
experts in the assessment of reports of adverse reactions was
carried out.
Thus the primary aim of this study was to validate the two cau-
sality schemes for consumer cosmetic products against the clinical
assessment of a representative set of reported cases. The secondary
aim of the study was to determine which factors are essential
determinants in both the Colipa scheme and the PLM scheme. With
this information the performance of these schemes for the assess-
ment of cases maybe optimised.
2. Methods
Information upon the nature of the undesirable effect(s) report-
edly caused by use of cosmetic products was obtained directly
from the consumer by use of a questionnaire (Table 1) collected
via a telephone operated Careline. A total number of 100 undesir-
able events on cosmetic products reported to Unilever via this Car-
eline over thepast 2.5 years
Randomisation of the cases took place by randomly ordering the
case numbers of all submitted reports (Random Generator for
Microsoft Excel version 2.0.). Reports previously classified as hav-
ing 'not enough information' to apply causality assessment were
excluded from the analysis.
For each individual case, the following information was noted:
were randomlyselected.
(1) The possible causal relationship between the cosmetic pro-
duct and the adverse event was assessed by means of global
introspection (GI) based on the method of the World Health
Organisation (WHO). In this method only a broad clinical
framework is provided which allows experts to classify cases
in terms of the likeliness for a true causal relationship. The
WHO approach is an internationally accepted method for
causality assessment of adverse drug reactions and repre-
sents medical view, in daily practice (WHO, 2011). For this
study the outcome of this method was considered as the
'gold standard' for analysis. The results of this causality
assessment were expressed as one of the following subse-
quent outcomes: 'certain', 'probable', 'possible', 'unlikely',
or 'not classifiable'.
(2) In addition, answers were completed on five key elements,
which form the basis of both the Colipa and PLM algorithm;
corresponding sections in the Questionnaire are given in
expectedness of the reaction (callers experience of the
presence of other factors (other product use)
time between application of the product and start of the
reaction (use of the product: in question 11 a drop down
menu with seven steps from minutes to >48 h is
the course of the reaction (course of the reaction: in ques-
tion 19 a drop down menu with seven steps from imme-
diately to >1 week is provided)
're-challenge': re-challenge is the re-exposure of the sus-
pected product; it is positive if a similar (or worse) reac-
tion is obtained as with previous exposure, it is negative
when no reaction occurs (re-use).
Table 1
Questionnaire used by a telephone operated Careline.
General information on caller
(01)Are you prepared to answer a few questions relating to the reaction
you have encountered?
(02) Gender
(03)Age of person who has suffered reaction
Callers experience of the reaction
(04)What was the nature of the effect? What did it look like? (colour, size,
shape, rash, patch) and how did it feel? (sensation, itch, burn etc.)
(05) Which part of your body is affected?
(06) On which date did the reaction start? (please insert an actual date)
Use of the product
(07) When did you start using this particular product pack?
(08) Did you apply the product to the part of body as indicated on the pack
(09) Which body part did you apply product to?
(10) Please describe how you used the product (e.g. how often, how much?)
For rinse off products how long was product in contact with body?
(11) How long after application did the reaction occur? (Note: this refers to
the last application before the reaction started, i.e. does NOT refer to
when you started using this product pack)
(12) Does reaction occur each time after product has been applied?
(13) Did you stop using the product because of the effect caused?
(14)If so, what date did you stop using the product?
Course of the reaction
(15)What have you done to treat the reaction?
(16) Did you require overnight hospitalisation?
(17) Give details of any medication/treatment as a result
(18) Has the effect disappeared?
(19)If yes, when did the effect disappear (after start of symptoms)?
Did you try to re-use the product after the reaction had resolved?
What was the date of re-use?
Did a similar reaction re-occur?
Give details of reaction, including how soon after re-use did the
reaction occur and what was the effect?
Previous history
(24)Is this the first time you have had a reaction to this particular product
(25)If no, please give details of date and how soon after use effect began
and what was nature of effect
(26)Have you had a similar experience before with any other product?
(27) If yes, please give name of product and detail type of effect
(28)Do you have any allergies or intolerances?
(29)Please provide name of allergens and specify nature of reaction, e.g.
skin reaction/airway reaction or gastrointestinal reaction
(30)Has this allergy or intolerance been confirmed by a doctor?
(31) Have you had any recent exposure to a problem allergen?
(32) Please give details of date and time
Other product use
(33)At the time of the reaction were you receiving medical treatment or
taking any medication?
(34) Give details of medical treatment or medication and how long prior to
reaction occurring you have been taking this medication?
(35) Have you used any similar products on same part of body around the
time of reaction occurring?
(36)Please give details of products used
(37) Is there any other relevant information? e.g.: shaving of part of body
involved, beauty treatments, hair treatments, dental treatment,
sunbeds etc.
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 3
The possible outcomes of the key elements questions are shown
in Table 2.
Causality assessment was independently carried out by three
physicians, all experienced assessors of the Netherlands Pharmaco-
vigilance Centre LAREB. In the event of discordance between the
assessors, cases were discussed using an adapted Delphi method
until concordance has been reached. The Delphi method is a sys-
tematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a panel of
independent experts by answering questionnaires in two or more
rounds (Rowe and Wright, 1999). For the present study, the Delphi
method was adjusted in the following way: the outcome which has
been chosen by the majority determined the final result for global
introspection as well as for the five key parameters. Beside this,
the following cases were discussed until agreement was reached:
? cases for which the global introspection outcome or key para-
meters were completed differently by all three assessors
? cases for which the difference in global introspection rating
between any two assessors was more than 1 level (e.g. 'certain'
versus 'possible', 'probable' versus 'unlikely').
Before the actual study was started, a pilot study was performed
on 25 additional cases. For each individual case, the global intro-
spection rating and assessments of the five elements were dis-
cussed openly to detect differences in interpretation among the
three assessors. This resulted in guidance (established rules), in
which agreements upon interpretation of the key elements in spe-
cific situations are described.
Based on the answers on the five key elements, the ratings of
both the Colipa scheme and the PLM rating could be derived in
the following way:
2.1. Colipa method
The level of causal relationship in the Colipa method is ex-
pressed as 'very likely', 'likely', 'questionable' and 'unlikely'. The
method of this causality assessment is based on the analysis of
three questions, in which some of the five key elements are com-
bined. It is summarized in a flow chart (see Fig. 1).
(1) Time sequence of events (chronology) in relation to product
use (i.e. time to onset and course of the reaction).
(2) Re-exposure to the product.
(3) Evocativeness/likelihood of symptoms (i.e. expectedness of
reaction and other factors).
Ad (1) The chronology in the Colipa causality is based on key
elements 'time to onset' and 'course of the reaction'. The chro-
nology is compatible, when both the time to onset and course
of the reaction are plausible from a medical viewpoint and
can be reasonably anticipated for this kind of product use and
undesirable event. The chronology is not clearly compatible
when the time to onset and/or recovery of symptoms is not
expected from a medical viewpoint or unknown.
Ad (2) The key element 're-challenge' is a controlled re-expo-
sure of the product, considering the exposure conditions of
the time when the event occurred. It is positive if a similar (or
worse) reaction is obtained as with previous exposure, it is neg-
ative when no reaction occurs. When the result of the re-chal-
Table 2
Key elements questions for causality rating.
Key elementsAnswers
Expectedness of the reactionYes
Not investigated or inconclusive
Highly suggestive
Unknown or not available
Inconclusive or not available
Inconclusive or not performed
Other factors present
Time to onset
Course of the reaction
Fig. 1. Flow chart Colipa causality assessment (reproduced with permission from Colipa).
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 4
lenge is not known, the result is equivocal, as is also the case
when no re-challenge is performed.
Ad (3) Evocativeness is based on the two key elements 'expect-
edness' and 'other factors'. An evocative symptom is a reaction
which can be reasonably expected for this kind of product, and
therefore suggests causality. When other factors such as use of
other cosmetics, drugs, household products or a current disease
might have caused the symptoms, these symptoms are consid-
ered not be evocative, i.e. not suggestive of the product effect. In
the latter, the final level of causal relationship is decreased by
one degree ('very likely' to 'likely', 'likely' to 'questionable',
'questionable' to 'unlikely').
Fig. 2. Flow chart Post Launch Monitoring (PLM) causality assessment.
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 5
2.2. PLM method
The level of causal relationship in the PLM method is expressed
as 'certain', 'probable', 'possible' and 'unlikely'. The causality rating
is based upon questions, containing four out of five of the key ele-
ments described above; the course of the reaction is not included.
The PLM flow chart is shown in Fig. 2.
(1) Reasonable time period
(2) Can symptoms be explained on known properties?
(3) Are there any other possible causes that might have caused
the symptoms?
(4) Did the symptoms reoccur when the product was re-admin-
Ad (1) This refers to time sequence between product use and
occurrence of the symptoms (latency), and not to the course
of the reaction.
Ad (2) This is regarded as symptoms, which can be reasonably
expected for this kind of product, in similarity to the 'reasonable
expectedness' in the Colipa method.
Ad (3) Other factors might be present (Yes) or not available
Ad (4) Re-challenge might be positive on one hand or negative/
unknown on the other hand.
2.3. Analysis
The outcome of the causality assessment by the expert panel
using the global introspection method was compared with the out-
come of the Colipa scheme as well as the PLM scheme. The termi-
nology of the causality rating between Colipa, PLM and the global
introspection is slightly different. For analysis purposes we evalu-
ated comparable wordings for the different methods as equal
(Table 3).
Spearman correlation coefficients for the comparison of the out-
come of the global introspection method versus the ratings accord-
ing to the Colipa and PLM schemes were calculated using SPSS
16.0. A correlation coefficient of more than 0.80 was considered
as a strong correlation, a coefficient between 0.50 and 0.80 was
considered to be a moderate correlation (Cohen, 1988).
As mentioned earlier, for reporting purposes, all cases of unde-
sirable effects classified as 'very likely' or 'likely' should be held in
the product information file and forwarded to the competent
authorities upon request (Colipa, 2008). The performance of the
Colipa and PLM method versus the GI method was therefore as-
sessed in a way to distinguish the most attributable cases from
the less attributable cases. For this comparison, the cut off levels
were therefore set between 'probable' and 'possible' for the global
introspection method as used by the expert panel; for PLM this was
also set between 'probable' and 'possible', for Colipa between
'likely' and 'questionable' (Table 3, dotted line). Cases with out-
come 'not sufficient information' were excluded in the calculations.
Based on 2 ? 2 contingency tables, the following values were
? true positives: number of reports highlighted by the Colipa or
PLM algorithm and global introspection
? false positive: number of reports highlighted by the Colipa or
PLM algorithm but not by global introspection
? true negative: number of reports not highlighted by the Colipa
or PLM algorithm, nor by global introspection
? false negative reports: number of reports not highlighted by the
Colipa or PLM algorithm but highlighted by global introspection
? sensitivity: number of true positives divided by the sum of true
positives and false negatives
? specificity: number of true negatives divided by the sum of true
negatives and false positives
? positive predictive value: number of true positives divided by
number of true positives and number of false positives
? negative predictive value: number of true negatives divided by
number of true negatives and number of false negatives
To study the reasons for differences in outcome between both
methods and the global introspection method in more detail, dif-
ferences in outcomes were investigated on a case by case basis
and were presented in a descriptive manner. Attention was paid
to time to onset, course of the reaction, other factors, expectedness
and re-challenge as independent variables in order to assess the
relative contribution of these factors in the final assessment.
3. Results
A total number of 100 reports were selected. These cases were
spread among different product categories: deodorant, hair care,
skin, personal wash, male fragrance and oral care (Table 4). All
100 reports were assessed by the three expert assessors. In the
event of discordance between the experts, cases were discussed
using the adapted Delphi method until concordance had been
reached. For 74 cases the majority rule determined the final result.
Twelve cases were discussed, because all three assessors com-
pleted a different answer on one of the key elements.
Another 14 cases warranted further discussion, since the differ-
ence in GI rating between any two experts was more than 1 level.
After discussion, a final agreement was reached on all 100 cases.
3.1. Colipa versus global introspection
In 63 out of 100 cases the Colipa method was in agreement with
GI (Table 5): in both methods 14 cases were evaluated as 'certain'
Table 3
Comparable causality outcomes of global introspection (GI), Colipa and Post Launch
Monitoring (PLM).
Global introspection ColipaPLM
Very likely
Not enough
Table 4
Number of selected reports per category.
Category Number of reports
Hair care (shampoo, conditioner, styling)
Male fragrance
Skin (facial, hand and body, other)⁄
Personal wash (bath, shower and soap)
Oral care
⁄The category Skin refers to all kind of Unilever products applied to the skin, which
do not fulfil one of the categories above, including:
(1) creams, emulsions, lotions, gels and oils for the skin (hands, face, feet, etc.),
(2) face masks,
(3) tinted bases (liquids, pastes, powders),
(4) products for making up and removing make-up from the face and the eyes,
(5) products intended for application to the lips,
(6) products for tanning without sun,
(7) anti-wrinkle products.
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 6
or 'very likely', 31 as 'probable' or 'likely', 17 as 'possible' or 'ques-
tionable' and 1 as 'unlikely'. The Spearman correlation coefficient
between the two methods was 0.74.
The performance of the Colipa method versus the GI method by
the expert panel was tested for discriminating cases to be con-
tained within the product information file ('very likely' and 'likely')
from the remaining causality ratings ('questionable' and 'unlikely').
This is shown in Table 6; cases with outcome 'not sufficient infor-
mation' have not been included. The sensitivity of this method was
0.95, whereas the specificity was 0.84. The number of false nega-
tive outcomes was 4, the number of false positive outcomes was
also 4; the positive predictive value therefore was 0.95, the nega-
tive predictive value 0.84.
The greatest differences in outcome between GI and Colipa
were further investigated. In 24 cases the GI method ended up in
a 'certain' causality, whereas the Colipa assessments resulted in a
'likely' causality (Table 5). Further investigation in underlying ele-
ments showed that in 22 of these 24 cases the time to onset was
completed as highly suggestive, occurring rapidly (seconds to min-
utes) after application (Table 7). This short latency resulted in a
'certain' causality rating in GI, whereas this short latency could
not be taken into account in the Colipa method; in these cases
the re-challenge was not performed. For the remaining two cases
with GI rating 'certain' and Colipa rating 'likely', the re-challenge
was assessed as positive, but other factors were also assessed as
positive. In the Colipa method, the existence of other factors influ-
enced the evocativeness in a negative way, resulting in a decrease
of the final level of causal relationship by one degree, from 'very
likely' to 'likely'. As in the former 22 cases, the time to onset was
rated as highly suggestive. This short latency together with the po-
sitive re-challenge outweighed the possible role of other factors in
GI, in which a 'certain' causality was completed.
3.2. PLM versus global introspection
In 55 of 100 cases the PLM method was in agreement with GI
(Table 8); in both methods 14 cases were assessed as 'certain', 32
as 'probable' and 9 as 'possible'.
The Spearman correlation coefficient between the two methods
was 0.50.
The performance of the PLM method versus the GI method by
the expert panel was tested for discriminating cases to be held in
the product information file ('certain' and 'probable') from the
remaining causality ratings ('possible' and 'unlikely'). This is shown
in Table 9; cases with outcome 'not sufficient information' have not
been included. The sensitivity of this method was 0.95, whereas
the specificity was 0.40. The number of false negative outcomes
was 4, the number of false positive outcomes was 15; the positive
predicted value was 0.82, the negative predicted value 0.71.
In 22 cases the outcome of causality was 'probable', whereas in
GI the outcome was 'certain' (Table 8). As evidenced in the Colipa
method analysis, a highly suggestive time to onset was the under-
lying cause of this, because in PLM a short latency is not taken into
account; in these cases no re-challenge had been performed. In an-
other 3 cases GI causality was 'certain', whereas this was classified
as 'possible' in PLM, a difference of two levels. Investigation re-
vealed that in these cases other factors were present. The PLM flow
chart shows that presence of other factors will always result in a
'possible' causality rating, irrespective of a short latency or positive
In 15 cases the PLM rating was higher ('probable') than in GI
('possible'). Clarification for this finding can be found in the course
of the reaction, which is not taken into account in the PLM rating.
In almost all of these cases, the course of the reaction was
Table 5
Colipa versus global introspection (GI): Number of reports, arranged according to outcomes of causality assessment using the Colipa and GI method.
GI Colipa
Very likelyLikelyQuestionableUnlikely Not sufficient information
14 24
Table 6
Colipa versus global introspection (GI): 2x2 table: Number of reports being assessed
as 'very likely' or 'likely' versus other outcomes of the Colipa method compared with
the assessments of 'certain' or 'probable' versus other outcomes of the GI method.
GI Colipa
Very likely/likelyOther
4 21
Table 7
Outcome of the key elements in cases, where global introspection (GI) rating was
assessed as 'certain', whereas the Colipa rating was assessed as 'likely'.
Key elementsOutcome
Expectedness of the reaction
Other factors present
Time to onset
Course of the reaction
Highly suggestive
Inconclusive or not performed
Table 8
PLM versus global introspection (GI): number of reports, arranged according to outcomes of causality assessment using the PLM and GI method.
CertainProbablePossible Unlikely Not sufficient information
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 7
unknown, which had influenced the GI rating, but not the PLM rat-
ing, as mentioned above.
4. Discussion
The primary aim of this study was to validate the Colipa and
PLM causality schemes for consumer cosmetic products against
the clinical assessment by experts via global introspection of a rep-
resentative set of reported cases. The secondary aim of the study
was to determine which factors are essential determinants in both
the Colipa scheme and the PLM scheme, in order to optimise the
performance of these schemes for the assessment of cases.
In this study on causality assessments for cosmetic products the
performance of the Colipa causality method showed a greater cor-
relation than the PLM causality method in comparison with the
global introspection by the expert panel. The performance of the
Colipa method versus the GI method was assessed in a way to dis-
tinguish the most attributable cases from the less attributable
cases. Performance of the Colipa scheme was high for these se-
lected cases.
Although the PLM method originally was designed for the cau-
sality rating of ingested products, such as novel food products, over
the years experience had been also been gained with topically ap-
plied products, including hair relaxers with mostly local adverse
reactions involving the skin. The main difference between Colipa
and PLM, which would account for the difference in concordance,
is the course of the reaction which is not taken into account in
PLM. Both Colipa and PLM do not allow for a short latency – sec-
onds to minutes – between reaction and suspected product to be
taken into account. Although a substantial number of reactions
to cosmetics are delayed cutaneous reactions, some irritation reac-
tions or urticarial reactions do start immediately after application.
Moreover, both methods, being presented as an algorithm, are
based on strict answers as yes/no/unknown, whereas the global
introspection method is less rigid and more closely resembles clin-
ical observations. This explains some of the remaining differences
in causality outcomes between Colipa or PLM and GI.
4.1. Cosmetovigilance causality methods
Until now, three methods have been published on causality
assessments of adverse reactions of cosmetics (Colipa, 2008; Bons
et al., 2010; Council of Europe, 2006; Afssaps, 2009).
In 2005, Colipa issued the guidelines on the ''Management of
undesirable event reports'' with an aim of minimising variations
in the implementation of the current regulation by giving broad
guidance to the cosmetic industry on receiving, centralising,
recording and analysing genuine undesirable event reports (Colipa,
2005). By consistent generation of high quality and reliable data,
the surveillance of cosmetic products placed on the EU market will
be complementary to the process of safety evaluation. An update of
the guidelines was provided in 2008 (Colipa, 2008). This method
was presented after application for several years by numerous cos-
metic companies (Bons et al., 2010).
The causality method described in the Resolution resembles the
Colipa scheme, published one year before, except for the wordings
used in the outcomes: 'possible' and 'doubtful' are used in this
method, whereas 'questionable' and 'unlikely' are mentioned in
the Colipa scheme.
The French method, published by the French Agency for the
Safety of Health Products (Agence de la sécurité sanitaire des pro-
duits de santé) was based upon the already published methods of
accountability of pharmacovigilance in France (Dangoumau et al.,
1978; Begaud et al., 1985).
All methods resemble each other in application of three rele-
vant determinants: criteria for symptoms, chronological criteria
and results of additional investigations and/or re-exposure to the
product. Whereas in the Colipa method, both latency and course
of the reaction is needed for assessing the chronology, in the
French method, as in PLM, only knowledge upon latency is neces-
sary. Both methods have not been compared in a direct way, but
theoretically, in the French method, the lack of missing informa-
tion upon the course of the reaction observed, might have the same
drawback as in the PLM method.
4.2. Advantages and disadvantages of the used methodology
4.2.1. Role of the questionnaire and reporting category
Information upon the nature of the undesirable effect(s) report-
edly caused by use of cosmetic products was obtained directly
from the consumer, by use of a questionnaire collected via a tele-
phone operated Careline. One of the implications of this was that
information was available on symptoms only instead of obtaining
a medical diagnosis and medical confirmation was usually not pos-
sible. As medical validation might be important in certain circum-
stances, consumers should be encouraged to notify undesirable
effects if possible with the help of a health professional. A second
drawback of this applied method was that of incompleteness or
inaccuracy of the information, which sometimes gave difficulties
in the evaluation of key parameters. These pitfalls have already
been identified in previous publications (Sportiello et al., 2009;
Sautebin, 2008). One of the major characteristics they found was
represented by the incompleteness and inaccuracy of the com-
pleted forms, affecting the validation process and this has stressed
the importance of a well-structured reporting form as well as edu-
cation and training programs for collection of this information.
One of the other considerations is that a careful decision is
needed regarding the reporting category (health professionals ver-
sus consumers) authorised to report. Consumers form a key role of
the Cosmetovigilance system, since a considerable part among
them experience adverse cosmetic events. In a recent study (Di
Giovanni et al., 2006) 24% of the cosmetic users declared to suffer
from undesirable cosmetic effects. 60% of these consumers did not
consider any type of consultation. Therefore, besides a Cosmetovig-
ilance system for health professionals, it is valuable to have an
opportunity for consumers to report adverse effects directly. In this
way more information on adverse reactions of cosmetics will be-
come available. This is in line with the Cosmetic Regulation, which
comes into force in 2013 and provides for notification of serious
undesirable effects by consumers as well (Cosmetic Regulation,
4.2.2. Interpretation of key elements
Guidance/rules on how to evaluate cases were generated after
performance of a small pilot study of 25 cases. This was required
to reach agreement on the interpretation of key elements.
The first issue concerned the interpretation of the time to onset.
Highly suggestive was added as an outcome of latency, and was
only to be completed, when the latency was within seconds to
minutes. In this instance, it was agreed to assess the global intro-
spection as 'certain', based upon a broader interpretation of the
WHO definition of certain causality:''The event must be definitive
Table 9
PLM versus global introspection (GI) 2 ? 2 table: number of reports being assessed as
'certain' or 'probable' versus other outcomes as assessed by either the PLM method or
the GI method.
Certain or probableOther
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 8
pharmacologically or phenomenologically, using a satisfactory re-
challenge procedure if necessary. Sometimes the clinical phenom-
ena described will also be sufficiently specific to allow a confident
causality assessment in the absence of confounding features and
''with appropriate time relationships''. A short latency fits into the
last part of the sentence, i.e. with appropriate time relationships.
While a skin reaction in itself after application of a cosmetic almost
never is sufficiently specific for that particular cosmetic, the com-
bination of location of the reaction AND the rapid development of
the reaction – leaving no room for alternative causes – together
might fulfil this definition.
Another agreement was reached when the latency was un-
known; in this instance the Colipa- and PLM causality rating was
assessed as 'insufficient information'.
The issue of handling of the information on the re-challenge
was dealt with in a pragmatic way. Because reporting was con-
ducted by the consumer instead of dermatologists, re-challenge
usually took place at the consumer's home instead of in controlled
setting in a doctor's office.
In this study medical expectedness of the reaction was taken as
one of the key elements. This is in line with the definition, as pre-
sented by Colipa, i.e. evocativeness or likelihood of symptoms, tak-
ing into account the nature and location of symptoms. On the
contrary, the PLM method mentions 'symptoms explained by
known properties of the product'. This refers to the labelled/non-
labelled properties, which is in line with pharmacovigilance; for
practical purposes, in this study PLM's 'known properties' has been
interpreted as 'medically expected'.
4.2.3. Internal validity and consideration for application
Regarding internal validity a remark should be made upon the
division between the four possible outcomes in global introspec-
tion. Only one case was assessed by GI with an 'unlikely' causality;
more than 70% of cases were evaluated with a 'probable' or 'cer-
tain' causality. This might partly be due to the character of 'a spon-
taneous reporting system', in which only reactions are reported of
which the reporter foresees an association with the suspected
product. Although the diversity among products was sufficient,
these cosmetics were all applied topically, which, not surprisingly,
resulted in most instances in expected local reactions.
In respect to consideration for application, the above mentioned
factors should be addressed: first of all a well-structured reporting
form, education and training to avoid incompleteness and inaccu-
racy. Secondly, well defined agreements on standardised interpre-
tation of the key elements are needed. In this study three well
trained medical doctors with experience in pharmacovigilance as-
sessed all cases. By preparation of these agreements, also less expe-
rienced assessors might yield the same results with the Colipa
causality method.
4.3. Cosmetovigilance causality methods linked to pharmacovigilance
causality methods
Several publications describe a comparison between different
methods for causality assessments of Adverse Drug Reactions (Ari-
mone et al., 2007; Macedo et al., 2005; Agbabiaka et al., 2008).
They share common criteria for the achievement of the same
objective: to conclude whether an observed undesirable event
can be attributed to the drug. These methods have been based
either upon algorithms, probabilities or expert judgment/global
introspection. To date, no method has been universally accepted
for the causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. There is still
little correlation between outcomes of different causality methods.
Macedo compared causality algorithms in pharmacovigilance with
the WHO global introspection method by experts (Macedo et al.,
2005). This GI method was selected as the standard for compari-
sons in the absence of a well established gold standard. Its internal
validity lies on the small probability of different results in the con-
sensus obtained for similar conditions; the external validity re-
mains to be studied. The overall observed agreement between
algorithms and GI was moderate. This was partly due to confound-
ing variables.
In the present study some of the possible confounding factors
influencing the causality rating were taken into account, including
underlying disease, concomitant use of similar products or con-
comitant medication. Regarding the course of the reaction also un-
known course or remaining symptoms after discontinuation of the
suspected product was accounted for. On the contrary, no informa-
tion was available upon the possibility of simultaneous withdrawal
of other products/medication nor was it evident how to assess the
influence of adequate treatment on a resolving reaction after dis-
continuation of the suspected cosmetic product.
Another study (Arimone et al., 2007) evaluated agreement be-
tween senior experts when assessing seven causality criteria and
the probability of drug causation. They showed that agreement of
experts was low, in the absence of an operational procedure. In
particular, some criteria induced a low level of agreement, includ-
ing risk factors of drug causation and non-drug related causes. Also
in the present study non-product related cause (other factors) was
most frequently disagreed upon between the assessors before the
Delphi-method was executed. In light of the publication of Ari-
mone, it should be considered to put less weight on this criteria
of other factors in future causality assessments.
5. Conclusion
In this study the Colipa and PLM causality schemes for con-
sumer cosmetic products were validated against global introspec-
tion, as an adapted WHO causality method. In addition it was
determined which factors were most essential in the outcome of
both the Colipa and PLM scheme. The Colipa scheme showed to
be a reasonable starting place for causality assessments of reported
undesirable events due to cosmetic products, especially for cases to
be submitted to the competent authorities.
The factor identified from comparison of these two schemes as
having greatest impact was the course of the reaction. Besides this,
it was observed that a short latency was an important determinant.
Appropriate consideration of this factor to the Colipa, PLM or other
methods would be essential for improving the performance of
these causality schemes.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors Zweers, van Puijenbroek and Gerritsen are employ-
ees of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Lareb col-
laborates with Unilever in the development of a post-marketing
system for detection of undesirable effects on human health of cos-
metic products. The authors Gilmour and Hepburn are employees
of Unilever.
The study was sponsored by Unilever.
The study design, analysis and interpretation of data were all
performed by the authors Zweers, van Puijenbroek and Gerritsen.
Collection of data (completion of questionnaires) had been done
by Unilever. The manuscript was written by Zweers, van Puijen-
broek and Gerritsen, in cooperation with Gilmour and Hepburn.
2009. Imputabilite deseffets indesirableslies aux produit
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417
Page 9
Agbabiaka, T.B., Savovic, J., Ernst, E., 2008. Methods for causality assessment of
adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Drug Saf. 31, 21–37.
Arimone, Y., Miremont-Salame, G., Haramburu, F., Molimard, M., Moore, N.,
Fourrier-Reglat, A., Begaud, B., 2007. Inter-expert agreement of seven criteria
in causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. Br J ClinPharmacol. 64, 482–
Begaud, B., Evreux, J.C., Jouglard, J., Lagier, G., 1985. Imputation of the unexpected or
toxic effects of drugs. Actualization of the method used in France. Therapie. 40,
Bons, B., Audebert, F., Bitaudeau, C., Cachin, N., Colson, L., Farr, C., Fix, L.A., Gilmour,
N., Gorni, R., Griffiths, M., Harris, B., Holle, V., Kirk, S., Meredith, E., Pari, C.,
Poinsot, P., Renner, G. Members of the Colipa Cosmetovigilance Task Force,
2010. Assessment of undesirable events in cosmetic market surveillance:
background, description and use of a causality assessment method in
cosmetovigilance. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 58, 349–353.
Cohen, J., 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
Colipa, 2005. Colipa Guidelines on the Management and reporting of Undesirable
Event Reports in the context of EU Cosmetovigilance. (online: http://
Colipa, 2008. Colipa Guidelines on the Management and reporting of Undesirable
EventReports inthe contextof
Council of Europe, 1976. Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC. (online: http://eur-
Council of Europe, 2003. Directive 2003/15/EC - 7th amendment to the Cosmetic
Directive. (online:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=
Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers, 979th meeting of the Ministers'
Deputies, 2006. Resolution ResAP (2006) 1E on a vigilance system for
undesirable effects of cosmetic products (''Cosmetovigilance'') in Europe in
order to protect public health. (online: http://www.coe.int).
Council of Europe, 2009. Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009. (online: http://eur-lex.
Dangoumau, J., Evreux, J.C., Jouglard, J., 1978. Method for determination of
undesirable effects of drugs. Therapie. 33, 373–381.
Di Giovanni, C., Arcoraci, V., Gambardella, L., Sautebin, L., 2006. Cosmetovigilance
survey: are cosmetics considered safe by consumers? Pharmacol Res. 53, 16–21.
Macedo, A.F., Marques, F.B., Ribeiro, C.F., Teixeira, F., 2005. Causality assessment of
adverse drug reactions: comparison of the results obtained from published
decisionalalgorithms andfromthe
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 14, 885–890.
van Puijenbroek, E.P., Hepburn, P.A., Herd, T.M., van Grootheest, A.C., 2007. Post
Launch Monitoringof food products:
pharmacovigilance. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 47, 213–220.
Rowe, G., Wright, G., 1999. Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and
analysis. International Journal of Forecasting. 15, 353–375.
Sautebin, L., 2008. Understanding the adverse effects of cosmetics: a pilot project in
cosmetovigilance. Drug Saf. 31, 433–436.
Sportiello, L., Cammarota, S., de Portu, S., Sautebin, L., 2009. Notification of
undesirable effects of cosmetics and toiletries. Pharmacol Res. 59, 101–106.
WHO, 2011. Causality Assessment of Suspected Adverse Reactions. http://who-umc.
evaluations ofan expertpanel.
what canbelearnedfrom
P.G.M.A. Zweers et al./Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 63 (2012) 409–417


text:
IE10 Will Have 'Do Not Track' On By Default 181
from the stop-or-i'll-say-stop-again dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Sorry, but Windows has phoned home for at least 10 years, and sent data without user knowledge to 3rd party companies that could be traced to MS. IE may claim to have DNT on by default, but let's be clear. You will still be sending all kinds of tracking information to MS.
Seems to me to be a ploy to make money selling data to Google perhaps that Google gets now on their own.
Sounds to me like this will end up like the internet version of the "Do Not Call" list.
Ask my family on how that one worked out.
It seems to be working pretty well to me. I still get some unsolicited calls, but probably about 10% of what I got before NDNC. Most of the remaining calls are from charities and political polling organizations which are exempted from NDNC.
They hacked Safari's privacy measures previously.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/17/google-tricked-apples-saf_n_1284551.html [huffingtonpost.com]
They also ignored IE's p3p setting.
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/02/20/google-bypassing-user-privacy-settings.aspx [msdn.com]
Expect Google fanboys/employees to slag MS for protecting the users' privacy in the comments.
Yeah, both the FTC guidelines [ftc.gov] and the current W3C DNT draft [w3.org] both state that users should opt-out of tracking, not opt-in. Furthermore, the advertizing industry groups like that have had the most successful with self-regulation efforts [aboutads.info] have flat-out said that while they will respect the user's chose to opt-out, they will ignore any system that opts users out automatically.
Microsoft's decision here is completely counter productive. At best, it means that sites will add code to ignore theDNT header if the UA is IE. At worst it will derail the entire process.
"I may kid around about drugs, but really, I take them seriously." - Doctor Graper


text:
Saturday, March 28
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text:
SS Daily Support Mon 1/17 to Sun 1/23
my dad is im very very serious shape. he's isloated with infectious facial shingles, and the prognosis does not look good. I didn't realize that this could be so serious, but apparently it is infecting every one of his systems, the nurse said some may start to shut down.
please pr@y
Oh Maddie, ((((((((((((((((HUGS)))))))))))))) my thoughts and prayers are with you and your family. I have never heard of such a thing. I hope that everything goes well. Keep us posted. In the meantime, you know we are all pulling for your dad.
I'm back form the hospital, and they have him in total isolation which means anyone who comes in the room is completely covered. He is heavily sedated, but seems to be drifting in and out.
The infectious disease doctor came in and said the next 24 hours will tell the tale.
Marci, you are right. Normally, in a young, health person, it will be painful and possibly disfiguring, but not life threatening. However, dad is 79, and has a whole host of problems that weaken him, and quite frankly, I think his will to fight is waning. Also, it's on his face and head, and it can cause blindness, sketeltal/cranofacial problems, etc... (At least, this is what I've been told).
Thanks for the pr@yers, ladies. He needs them.
Maddie - Hugs and prayers right to you and your family.
Phew---I just got caught up..... I have been busy and away from my computer last few days. Not doing well diet wise. I need to wise up!!!!!
The b-day gift exchange - yes, I had a scare for the x-mas xchange, but I am willing to join in as long as the person I get doesn't go "aw man, not her" just kidding ladies... I am in.
Been working in a yard in Punta Gorda where the hurricane hit in August. The owner is a friend and have not had a chance to come down and do it, so Hubby and I are doing it and man am I second guessing my yes response to help him. It is a huge job and a yucky one at that. We are getting paid for it, so a plus.
Hope everyone is doing well. Patti and Dave I hope you are both up and about.
I considered going to French Lick with all you wonderful ladies, but decided for a little trip with DH for our anniversary and b-days. The dates fall around that time and I cannot do both. But, I will keep it in mind for next year if you continue it as a tradition.
Raeanne - loved the sag no more story. Those people must have been a blast.
I played a Domino game this past weekend called crazy train. It was fun. Only made it to the fours, it was getting late. But enjoyed the game. DH did too which surprised me.
Take care -
Maddie- Thinking of you....
Tikanas--Thinking of you, too. This month must be full of emotion on several levels; support is always here for venting. My kudos to you on your strength and great attitiude making it through a rough first year. And best wishes to you and your family. I think of you often. (((((HUGS)))))
DeeMarie: I just got an email from Dunkin Doughnuts. They're tallying the votes for the wedding contest. I hope your friends win; I voted for them.
Good Morning All,
Maddie, please let us know how things are going with you and your Dad. I hope you have good news.
It's really cold here this morning. Below zero. Never got about 3 degrees yesterday and the wind was howling making the wind chill about 10-12 below. It continued to howl until late last night. Then we had radiational cooling. Clear, clear skies and snow cover equal really cold! I am surviving and have the goats stall all wrapped up so that they stay pretty warm with the foaling heater we bought Fred.
I have been totally distracted with things as the results of a hair mineral analysis that I had done on Sweet Pea revealed some very disturbing things. One of which is that she is very high in arsenic and aluminum. But her mineral analysis showed that she is totally out of balance and is needs help as her blood sugar is spiking between 10-15 times a day where normal is 2!! The test indicates that she is pre-cushnoid which is a term for a horse that is probably going to develop a disease called Cushings. Treatable but a disease that makes her extra prone to founder which is what she just recovered from. I have had my water tested and am waiting for the results hopefully today. SP is on a custom blend of supplements to help her with this condition. I have every reason to believe that she will be fine in a few months once we get things back in balance. I have been doing tons of research which is keeping me busy. It's truly facinating. Also, she doesn't like her supplement so I have been challenged getting her to eat it! It never ends.
That's it for me right now. Wanted to check in and let you all know that I am okay. Just busy. Can't wait to get on an even keel with SP but I see light at the end of the tunnel!! This morning she ate her breakfast all by herself!!
Check in and say hi everyone.
Maddie - hope dad is doing better - please let us know when you can.
Tikanis - I also have been thinking of you lately. You are truly an inspiration to me. I went through the items you sent me again last night with DH and we had a lot of good laughs. He couldn't believe that you are one of the newer members - so you must fit right in LOL.
MagicKitty - You will have to tell me more about Crazy Train - we played Chicken Feet over Christmas and my DH enjoyed it too - he really doesn't like games - so we were pleasantly surprised.
NH Suzanne - I feel so bad for you and SP. Positive thoughts are on their way. SP couldn't be in better hands than yours.
I have a pile of work, so I better get busy. Have a great day.
Raeanne, thanks for your kind thoughts on SP. Everything will be okay it's just challenging right now. If you were to look at her you would never know anything was wrong. She isn't uncomfortable, I don't think. We are well on our way to getting her well and I am just grateful for the hair mineral testing. It's amazing stuff and I can't understand why it isn't used more for equines than it is. What I know from people who have used it for a diagnosis out of desparation because convention things didn't work is amazing. What I have read on the internet about it's use for learning disabled children is even more amazing! It's all good.
Hello everyone!
Maddie, please check in; we've been thinking about you.
BJ, my friend won!!!! Thanks to all of you for voting. Looking forward to the press on this wedding!
Ohhh.....I forgot to tell all of you what BJ sent to me. Let's see if I remember the exact wordings (I'm in work now). It was a paper weight/rock with Never Give Up on it! What a surprise and it holds a place of honor at my home office next to Suzanne's bookmark! I also received a notepad with a lady leaning over her oven, basting a bird, and asking "Does this turkey make my butt look fat?" DH and I howled!! It has a magnet on the back, so he immediately put it onto the fridge and uses it for notes! Also, BJ sent another little notebook with picture of a very 50's looking woman...sort of Rosie the Rivetter or Lucy Ball saying "Has anyone seen my hormones". BJ, you are a character. LOL
Suzanne, I'm sending out positive thoughts out to you today.
Here are some [[[[[[[[[[hugs]]]]]]]]]]] for those who need them.
Maddie~ [ [ [ [ H U G S ] ] ] ] My Mom's uncle just got over this on his face. I had it when I was in my early 20s. Our pr@yers are with you & your family.
NH Suzanne~Is this something only SP has? Not your other horse? I guess that would rule out the water. I'm glad that you are on top of things & will help her before it goes too far.
DeeMarie~Your things all sound so nice. Glad that your friends won!
I took my first paint class last night. I'm not good but I need to practice, practice, practice. And, those are my plans. I want to be much improved before next Tuesday night.
Shout out to everyone! We slept a good deal of the day. Still trying to get some strength back. Patti :)
Hi ladies--
Well, it's a roller coaster with dad. He seemed much better yesterday, and he was sitting up in a chair and was very lucid. Even the doctor was optomistic.
However, something happened during the night, and he is unresponsive as of this morning. He's under going a CAT scan, but the results have not come back as of now. He is in renal failure.
Suzanne--(((hugs))) to you--I know how worrisome it is when your critterbaby isn't feeling well--
It sure is quiet here today. You all aren't snowed under are you? LOL It get 60 here & most people think they have to dress in layers. I had the blood drawn today so it is just a matter of hearing what the dr. has to say. Shout out to everyone! I hope that you are all well. Patti :)
HI to everyone.
Yes- Im finally legal to post now.
Maddie- OMG- I cant believe this about your Dad- I'm praying for you all. Keep us posted.
Thanks to BJ for posting my initial Hello on last friday or whenever it was.
The has been alot happen to us all- but just like your favorite most comfortable PJ'S I hope I'll be familiar to you all again.
Suzanne- Im so interested in hearing about SP and the hair analysis. I actually had one in Dec. myself. I'm being treated for copper toxicity with several elements off the chart. My doctor is a D.O. in Natrapthy. Im taking many supplements and D.O. also has me on a sauna regimen 6 nights a week for 20 minutes to sweat out the yuck!
I do feel better, am sleeping better a little bit. People couldnt tell I was "sick" either- but to be 36 and feel 60 is the pits.
Patti- I once took Topamax for migraines as well. It helped me loose a litte weight in the beginning too. I hope it works for you. My son has the Imitrex nasal spray and I use Maxalt for mine.
Where is everyone today?
Maddie - more hugs to you. Your father is in my thoughts.
NH Suzanne - hugs to you and SP.
Raeanne - Crazy Train, You start with the one's and start your own train. Then if you can start a crazy train with another one. That one anyone can add to. So you have your own or the crazy train. If you cannot move, your train is stopped for you, but others can add onto yours along with theirs and the crazy train. When you can add to the crazy train, your train is back open to you again. It was fun.
Then it starts all over again with the twos, then threes, etc....
I quit my job yesterday and I do have another one to start after my two weeks notice is done. I am excited about it. It is for an interior designer and I am hoping to get some ideas for my house. I will be doing accounting and general office duties. Part time. So I am very excited since I did not like my last job for quite some time.
Anywhooo.....DH and I celebrated with sour apple martinis.... delicious...however, I had one to many and felt terrible today. I think it will be quite awhile before I have any sour apple martini's.
Check in later....Take care...
Just checking in to say that as of now, I (we) still know nothing. He's resting comfortably, though.
I do hafta say WOOOOOOOOWHHHHOOOOOOOOO!!!! Our SusieQ's back! Gosh, I've missed you! I was thinking about you earlier today when I was reading about the BBQ fest--(((((((hugs!!!!!)))) my beautiful, wonderful much missed and very glad you're back friend!!! :):):):)
Good Morning from frigid PA!
Hi KYSusie! Welcome back.
Maddie - I constantly think about you and your Dad. Hope today brings good news.
Patti - My DS will be starting his new job in St. Pete on 2/14. He is going to rent a U-Haul and move his stuff down there the week before. I am already worrying about that long drive. But he is taking a friend with him and then flying his friend back home. I am not sure when DH and I will get down there (maybe in May), but I will keep you posted.
And speaking of St. Pete, I may have to bow out of French Lick. We just received an invitation to a wedding of the DD of good friends of ours. Her DD lives in FL and is getting married in the Tampa/St. Pete area. The wedding is in May and DH and I are considering taking a long weekend and flying down to see DS and attend the wedding. If we do that, I won't be able to get to French Lick.
Besh - It will be COLD here on Sunday for the big game. Wind chill will be below 0!! At least both teams are used to playing in cold weather. We are having Steeler day in school today. The kids dressed in black and gold yesterday too and it looked so cute.
I will finalize the birthday exchange this weekend and post the partner list on Monday. So, last call for getting in on the exchange. KYSusie??
Here is the list as of today:
Good Morning All,
It's 7 below zero here and the wind is howling. Oh, it's so cold. I have Fred and goat babie's stall wrapped up in blankets to keep as much of the wind out as possible! It looks like a shanty under the Broadway Street bridge in Boston!! The stalls have grates on the door and window (on the inside of the barn) so I hung blankets there. I can't close the entire barn up because the other animals have to get in and out. Way too much info, sorry!
Maddie, I continue to keep you and your family in my thoughts and prayers. I hope you get good news today.
KY Susie!! Welcome back and good to hear from you. I too, am interested in talking to you about the hair mineral testing. It's facinating and I thought about having one done on myself too. What is the does copper toxicity cause?
Patti, only Sweet Pea is having the issues right now. If my well water shows high arsenic then I will assume that everyone is affected in some way. I should have the water results today. One can ingest toxic metals from the air too.
Lynn, was quitting your job a sudden decision?
Marci, bummer about French Lick. I guess you are going to have a little New England in your neck of the woods! Should be a good game.......brrrrrrrrrrrr
I have to go to work. So glad it's Friday. I have to attend a banquet for one of our affiliates tomorrow night! It's almost three hours away and they are predicting snow possibly heavy. UGH
Morning ladybugs.
Yes, Marci- I would love to be in the exchange, Thank you.
I'd like to ask for prayer this morning as well. My sister is having emergency gallbladder surgery today- the complication comes in because she has had gastric bypass an they must go around her incision or open it all the way back up and also look for blockages too. My Mom is worried sick- she lives in Georgia- please tink of her today.
Check back later- KYsusie
Oh Maddie, I am so sorry. As Marci said, words cannot ease your pain but I hope that knowing all of us here are thinking of you and sending thoughts and prayers for your family will somehow comfort you. Try to focus on the really good things. I am sending you a great big hug and I hope you can feel it. Close your eyes and really feel it.
Love, NHSuzanne
Maddie~ (((((((((((((HUGS, sis))))))))))))))))
The impermanence of our existence helps us appreciate the special times we share with our family and friends. You have the gift of telling great stories. Write stories of the times you and your dad had together and share them. Keep him alive through memories.
Thinking of you----- is there anything we can do for you? Just say the word. Peace, Maddie. We love you dearly.
Please know how saddened I am to hear of your Dad's passing. Four years have passed since my Dad passed and the ache in my heart is still present every day. In the beginning it was such a sorrowful ache, but now I find it is my remembrance of a wonderful soul and serves everyday to remind me of all the good and kind moments that we shared together. It is an ache that I look for and embrace each day.
My prayers and thoughts are with you and your family.
Hugs my friend!
Hi All!
First off, Maddie, you have been in my thoughts and prayers since I heard about your Dad. How are you doing there, girlfriend? And the family? ((( HUGS)))
Suzanne, You and Sweet Pea! I hope that she is soon well and STAYS well! I know how hard it is when a loved one (2 or 4 footed) is ailing.
Patti, I want to hear about your painting class! Have you ever done anything like this before? I'm also waiting to hear what the doc says. Hi to Dave
: )
Lynn, those instructions for Crazy Train were as clear as mud to me LOL!
KY Susie, sending good thoughts your sister's way...Nice to "meet you"!
I have been MIA most of the week. My Dear friend Gael's Dad passed away on Wednesday. We have been friends since we were kids and of course, this is a difficult time for her ( Maddie, it has to be very much the same for you).
I have had a HORRIBLE dieting week. (don't ask). Thanks to everybody, Bj, Raeanne, for you heartwarming thoughts. We got through this week ok, the first anniversary of Bill's death. I thought it would be harder than it was. I guess it was a blessing to be so preoccupied with other peoples problems...hard to feel too sorry for me!!
Raeanne, I am so glad that you still like your box of goodies! How does that little water fountain work? Have you listened to those cds yet? HA HA!!
I have the match to your black "worry stone" out in my garden and I think of you whenever I see it.
DeeMarie, my daughter wants to know if you could make HER a Sopranos ornament!! I used the Greek seasoning in an eggplant/onion with Evoo casserole last night. Yumm! I love my Nora Jones CD. Very relaxing. Thanks again
My computer froze up completely at the first of the week and had to be COMPLETELY rebuilt!!
Okay, Raeanne... help me keep track here...
1) 1 week before Christmas the fridge breaks down.
2) next day the washer goes out and I replace them both.
3) 4 days before Christmas NEW fridge goes on the blink. Repairman fixes problem.
4) Christmas eve. the toaster oven goes to the great oven home center in the sky.
5) Jan 4th the dryer breaks down ( had it fixed)
6) Jan 11th favorite crock pot catches on fire ( short at the cord)
7) Last Monday, computer goes bye-bye..
Is it just ME or do any of you see a pattern here??? LOL!!
Tomorrow it is back on the diet wagon.I have the menu planned as well as the exercise penciled in.
Here's to all of us going through difficult times, those who are hurting and those of us who are just plain tired. Everything is easier with friends. I am thankful for you all.
Sweet Dreams....


text:
'Ted' Remains No. 1 On Home Entertainment Charts
Universal Studios Home Entertainment's Ted and Warner's The Dark Knight Rises retained their No. 1 and No. 2 positions on both national sales charts the week ending Dec. 23, with newcomer Pitch Perfect, also from Universal, besting a handful of new releases to debut at No. 3.
Pitch Perfect, which grossed $63.9 million at the box office, is turning out to be the holiday season's top overperformer in terms of home video sales, with first-week sales reportedly running up to 30 percent higher than expected at some key retail chains.
PHOTOS: Todd McCarthy's 10 Best Movies of 2012
The musical comedy handily beat four other new releases that also came to home video the week before Christmas with theatrical credentials. Sony Pictures' Total Recall remake, which earned $58.9 million in U.S. theaters, debuted at No. 6 on the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert sales chart, which tracks overall disc sales, and No. 4 on Nielsen's dedicated Blu-ray Disc sales chart.
Twentieth Century Fox's Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days, the third installment in the Wimpy Kids franchise, rode its $49 million box office run to a No. 8 debut on First Alert (No. 16 on the Blu-ray Disc sales chart).
The horror sequel Resident Evil: Retribution ($42.4 million and No. 5 in the series), also from Sony Pictures, debuted at No. 19 on First Alert and No. 13 on the Blu-ray Disc chart.
PHOTOS: From the Mind of Seth MacFarlane
And Warner's Trouble with the Curve, Clint Eastwood's latest, debuted at No. 11 on First Alert and No. 15 at the box office. The film, with Eastwood as an aging, and ailing, baseball scout, only made $35.8 million in theaters.
On Home Media Magazine's weekly rental chart, Total Recall debuted at No. 1 while Resident Evil bowed at No. 3. Both are from Sony, which unlike Universal, Warner and Fox doesn't hold back new releases from Netflix and/or Redbox.
For complete DVD and Blu-ray sales and rental charts, visit HomeMediaMagazine.com.
Never miss a story. Stay up-to-date with THR's Daily Headlines.
Must Reads
Kids' Choice Awards 2015: Red-Carpet Photos
Kids' Choice Awards 2015: Best and Worst Moments (Photos)
'Game of Thrones' Star Emilia Clarke on Playing Sarah Connor, Turning Down 'Fifty Shades' and Moving on From Nudity
L.A.'s Soho House Turns 5: Membership Rejections, Success Secrets Revealed in Oral History
Gavin Polone on TV's Dirty Secret: Your Agent Gets Money for Nothing (Guest Column)
Reality Power: The Declining Clout of the Broadcast Unscripted Chief
Why More 'Star Wars' Actors Haven't Become Stars
From Christian Bale to Benedict Cumberbatch: Why British Actors Nab So Many American Roles
The Uncensored, Epic, Never-Told Story Behind 'Mad Men'


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View Single Post
Double Barrel
Modified Simian
Join Date: Oct 2004
Location: Onward, Upward, and back into the Trees
Section: Gridiron, Tx
Age: 48
Posts: 32,613
Rep Power:
Re: Regression?
We were 11-1 at one point. I don't care about the margin of scores in those wins. This ain't the BCS. "Quality of wins" means nothing in the NFL.
11-1 was progression, regardless of how the season ended.
The Texans now need to learn how to finish seasons strong. They have learned how to win. They beat teams they were supposed to beat, and they only lost to playoff teams. When compared to previous Texans teams, this is improvement.
True regression to me is missing the playoffs this season. It's clear. It's not debatable. But that did not happen. We made the playoffs, won a game, and then lost to one of the best franchises of the last decade. Tom Brady is 17-6 in the playoffs. The Patriots have left a lot of teams feeling defeated in the playoffs over the years. There is no shame in it. The Texans just have to learn how to consistently compete at that level.
Chastising fans for being excited about 11-1 is kinda' silly. It was an exciting time to be a Texans fan. It was fun. You know, the whole point of being a fan. While I had concerns how how they were winning, the point was that they were on the winning side of things. That, in and of itself, absorbs a lot of criticism.
"Football is only a diversion." ~ Houston Texans, Inc.
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Walter von Stolzing (Ben Heppner), Eva Pogner (Helen Donath) and Magdalene (Brigitta Svendén)
KING FM Seattle Opera Channel Available On-line 24 hrs a day!
Save up to 50% on tickets and have fun with people your age.
Check out and become a fan of Seattle Opera now on Facebook!
Performances at: McCaw Hall, 321 Mercer Street, Seattle, WA 98109
Administrative Offices & Mailing Address: 1020 John Street, Seattle, WA 98109
Copyright ©2015 Seattle Opera. All rights reserved.


text:
High stakes in the Big Apple
Calif. considers a plea for plug-in hybrids
Valeo's self-driving systems learn from military drones
How a Frenchman is bringing back Datsun
Leases to get more expensive, ALG says
AutoNation, analytics company Zubie join to monitor cars' service needs
Dealer groups charge CFPB is unresponsive
UAW troops air demands at convention rather than cast blame
With Volvo's help, Geely goes upscale
If dealers don't weigh in, they can't gripe
AutoNews Now: Rewards of being Ford CEO
Scion iA spy photos
April 7 at 2pm ET: Tap Into Text With Auto Shoppers and Make More Connections
April 14 at 2pm ET: The Road to Your Growth: Why U.S. Hispanic Auto Consumers are a Must-Win Target
April 22 at 2pm ET: Is Your F&I Experience Being Left Behind?
2015 Automotive News PACE Awards
2015 Automotive News Marketing Seminar - Los Angeles
Automotive News Europe Rising Stars 2015
14 of 19
Mulally, left, joined labor, government and auto industry executives in Washington in July 2011 when President Barack Obama announced higher fuel-efficiency targets for cars and light-duty trucks. Obama said setting new fuel efficiency standards for vehicles is the "single most important step" the nation can take to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil.


text:
Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
|Her Grace
The Duchess of Devonshire
|Mistress of the Robes to
Queen Elizabeth II Duchess of Devonshire, GCVO CBE, Hon. LLD (Exon)
|In office
|Elizabeth II
|Personal details
25 July 1895
Hatfield, Hertfordshire
|24 December 1988
(aged 93)
Westminster, London
Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, GCVO CBE (29 July 1895 in Hatfield, Hertfordshire[1] – 24 December 1988 in Westminster, London [2]) was born Lady Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury. She was married on 21 April 1917 to Edward Cavendish, Lord Hartington, who succeeded his father as 10th Duke of Devonshire in 1938, whereupon Mary became Duchess of Devonshire. She was Mistress of the Robes to Elizabeth II from 1953 to 1967 [3] and Chancellor of the University of Exeter from 1955 to 1972. She was awarded Hon. LLD (Exon) in 1956.
On 26 November 1950, her husband Edward Cavendish, the 10th Duke of Devonshire had a heart attack and died while being attended by John Bodkin Adams, the suspected serial killer. In the process of transferring his assets to his son, the death of the Duke fell 10 weeks prior to a required 5-year period, and his estate was subjected to taxes of 80%.[4]
- ^ GRO Register of Births: SEP 1895 3a 582 HATFIELD - Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil
- ^ GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1988 15 1567 WESTMINSTER - Mary Alice Devonshire aged 93 born Jul 1895
- ^ Demoskoff, Yvonne (1998). "Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Attendants". Retrieved 2014-07-24.
- ^ Lowell, Mary., "The Sisters: Saga of the Mitford Family"
External Links[edit]
Media related to Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire at Wikimedia Commons
|Court offices
|Preceded by
|Mistress of the Robes to
Queen Elizabeth II
|Succeeded by
The Duchess of Grafton
|Academic offices
|Preceded by
|Chancellor of the
University of Exeter
|Succeeded by
The Viscount Amory
|This biography of a peer, peeress or noble of the United Kingdom, or one or more of its constituent countries, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Invite 10 Friends. Get $250* See Details >
Free Return Shipping on all US Orders
This Udgita Necklace with a blue tooth pendant exemplifies the elegant yet exotic style we have come to love from Mumbai label, Bungalow 8. Wear it with a plain white tee to show off the brilliant and bold palette.
More Bungalow 8 shown here.
SHIPS FROM: New York, United States


text:
"I purchased these to go with the matching Baptism invite. The card quality is fantastic and I like that I could personalise the message inside."
"Everyone loved it, went on and on about it and they turned out beautifully. I trusted them to the in house reviewer and they did not let me down. It was fast and easy and convenient! Doing it again right now!"
"I really liked these thank you notes because they were printed on fabulous paper and the colors were exactly what I wanted! My notes to my friends will be given in style!"
"This was a nice thank you card that matched my son's baptism invitation. It was a small card, but perfect to write a quick note and drop in the mail."
"These thank you cards are very beautiful. They are printed on nice, thick paper. The printing looks wonderful too. These match the invitations perfectly. I am very satisfied with my purchase."


text:
My mom helps me in masturbation now. She exposes her cleavage so I can watch it and enjoy it while jerking off. But I want more. I need more of her and I get that eventually.
Bhabhis and sisters show the ultimate love..
My mom helps me in masturbation now. She exposes her cleavage so I can watch it and enjoy it while jerking off. But I want more. I need more of her and I get that eventually.
This story is an incident between me and my sexy neighbor sister. Everything went smooth till we were about to loose our virginity, as it was spoiled by a phone call she received.
It's a real incident story which is based on me and my mom. It's a story about how we involve in physical relationship with each other. How we exposed our lust towards each other.
This story is about me and my beautiful mommy. Its all about how I changed her life and made her a stylish horny babe from a traditional innocent lady in a most erotic way.
This story is about my slutty, whore bhanu mommy, how she is and how I fucked her pussy and her asshole to become her best son in the world.
My mother-in-law is very dominating and use to humiliate me. I decided to teach her a lesson and one fine night pumped my rod in her cunt when she was sleeping.
This is the tale of how me and my innocent, shy sister had developed an incestuous relationship; how I seduced her to open her legs for me and letting me take her virginity
I fucked aunty, my mom's best friend, in her kitchen, bathroom and bedroom and had awesome enjoyment together.She was so pretty hot and sexy that that it looks like I had fucked the angel.
Day two at my mom's best friend's house. My aunty the angel whom I fucked and had enjoyed my life.In the dark room during the night how I fucked her.
My mom's best friend and goddess of sex for me. An angel whom I fucked up and had lots of fun.Night stayed her house was the best night of my life.


text:
- Age / Gender:
- n/a, Male
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- Location not disclosed
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- 5/11/12
- All Stats >
User Statshot
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Level 8 Blank Slate
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Halo 5 Points Obtain the Halo. Medal Stats.
Sword 5 Points Obtain the Sword. Medal Stats.
Loveless 10 Points Remove the charm from the towers using Terror spell 100 times. Medal Stats.
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Ninja Action6-Xiao Remake Rated 4.2612 Stars Xiao Xiao Remake. Ninja Action version Action Obsolete Rated 4.4700 Stars A story of a lonely robot in a factory. Drama Raw Latex Rated 4.4834 Stars Latex forehead strap-ons. You're intrigued now. Comedy - Parody The Steven Seagal Show #1 Rated 4.4987 Stars Steven Seagal squares off against a little old man who just wants to know what time it is. Comedy - Parody
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text:
Eva Teresa received a loan from Dave & Jess to buy cement, paint and pay for labor.
Kiva Lending Team: Second Saturday Book Club
We loan because...
we're grateful for what we have and dream of a world where all women are valued and cherished.
About us
we read books that make us think, feel, and act with purpose.
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Asifiwe Group received a loan from Dave & Jess to buy 30 bags of charcoal.
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Member Since:
April 14, 2013
United States
Product COM-09340
about 2 years ago
Does anyone know what type of connector I need for this switch. I need to solder a wire to a connector that slides onto each terminal post.
Product DEV-08776
about 2 years ago
Where are the connection points?
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Martha Hamilton
member for 9 years, 8 months, 15 days
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Bio and Links
I first began genealogical research on my family about thirteen years ago. I continue to be amazed with finding relatives I have never heard of and ancestors going back to colonial America on many different lines.
It was through this research that I came across FAG and became a member. I am grateful to the many volunteers who have found and posted information on my large extended family and I try to give back where I can.
Most of the memorials I create are part of my extended family but I also take volunteer photos and have been working on a local cemetery that hold none of my family. If I have created a memorial for someone in your family, check with me. If it is unrelated I will gladly transfer management of the memorial to you. If it is a relative but not a direct ancestor of mine I will also consider transfer; just ask.
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Mary Downing-Mahan (gravehuntermary)
RE: Jeffers family
Thanks you so much for your speedy reply. I have thought about donating it to the Genealogy society. I feel this overwhelming need to document Erma's work. She published this book in 1975. The hard way..no internet.
Her story is sad also as she states that her family does not care about her work and someday it would be forgot about. So here I am in 2015 completing her work for her. I am also going to put it all on ancestry. I requested to join the Gallia County FB page. I already posted the book on different genealogy sites. I am being very careful because this same book is for sale online for $60.00 to $100.00. Greedy people.
Added by
Mary Downing-Mahan (grave...
on Mar 02, 2015 9:25 AM
Mary Downing-Mahan (gravehuntermary)
Jeffers family
I am not related although I feel a need to complete the memorials for this family. I have a hard copy genealogy book published by Erma Jeffers Hagan of Gallia. I have had this book for about 6 years and at the time I could not find family to pass it to. So I put it on a shelf. Recently I got it back out and my heart went out to Erma. She loved genealogy and did it without internet in her day. I see you have a lot of memorials for the Jeffers. May I have a transfer of all of them and I can always transfer them back to you if you want me to. Thanks Mary # 47105690
I live in Montgomery County, Ohio and don't remember where I got the book. If you know family interested in it I will send it to them ...No charge..I never charge for pictures or family items I find.
Added by
Mary Downing-Mahan (grave...
on Mar 02, 2015 8:44 AM
Gayla Bergren
Alice Ambrose
Please transfer to me the grave of my great Aunt Alice G. Dowler Ambrose (43668522), wife of Frank Hansen Ambrose.
Thank you,
Gayla Bergren (Ambrose)
Added by
Gayla Bergren
on Jan 30, 2015 8:14 AM
Becky Wilson Thissen
Lewis Delawder
I see you have added a memorial for him at Gallia Baptist Cemetery. Do you remember if he was close to his wife and stepdaughter or in another area of the cemetery? His nephew, who up in years, was there today looking for it. When he was at the cemetery he is sure there was a stone? It was too cold today for them to look around too much. Are you related to the Delawders?
Thank you,
Added by
Becky Wilson Thissen
on Jan 16, 2015 3:44 PM
Marcia Lynne vonGunden
Transfer and a big thank you
Hello Martha,
Thank you for both your kind words and your generosity in transferring:
Rezin Myers # 41613959
to my care. I have successfully connected him with his parents, one of his three wives and I am now trying to find the remaining twelve of his thirteen children. As I receive more information, I will add it to Our shared memorial.
With sincerest appreciation,
# 47059326
Added by
Marcia Lynne vonGunden
on Dec 05, 2014 10:45 PM
Robin (Cottingham) Townsend-Fife
J. Williams Mound Hill Cemetery.
I was working from a list of headstones found in Mound Hill Cemetery, Gallipolis, Ohio when I entered Mr. Williams. Stark Co., is a long way from Gallia Co., Could this be another J. Williams?
Added by
Robin (Cottingham) Townse...
on Dec 05, 2014 1:50 PM
Pam Brownscombe
child of Samuel Davidson Wise
Would you please add my grandfather, Fred Eugene Wise, memorial #52514133, to the list of children of Samuel Davidson Wise (memorial 41811226). S.D. had 12 children in all (my grandfather told me they were sometimes known as "the dirty dozen" when they were children). Are you a direct descendant, too? I will get the names of the others of the 12 to you to add if you will please put them on as S.D.'s children, as well. Thanks, and another huge thanks for the wonderful photo of S.D.. I had never seen a picture of him before !!!
Added by
Pam Brownscombe
on Dec 02, 2014 1:47 PM
rfb Jenkins
Dennis L Saltsman
Thank you for providing the correct information.
Added by
rfb Jenkins
on Nov 21, 2014 11:26 AM
Patricia McCarty
RE: Nancy J. Thompson Lee
May I ask who you transferred this memorial to so that I can contact them? Thanks Martha
Added by
Patricia McCarty
on Nov 15, 2014 11:05 AM
Patricia McCarty
Nancy J. Thompson Lee
Memorial #42949318 - Would you please link Nancy to her parents:
Samuel J. Thompson #138749939
Elizabeth McDaniel Thompson #42949295
Thanks so much,
Pat Thompson McCarty
Added by
Patricia McCarty
on Nov 14, 2014 5:32 PM
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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Jets won't be flying the free-agent skies anytime soon
NHL teams and their GMs have lost the power of the unknown in negotiations with their pending free agents.
From 11 p.m. Tuesday night to 11 a.m. Friday morning, representatives and unrestricted-free-agents-to-be will be the most informed people in the marketplace.
The NHL's new free agent "interview period," does guarantee teams like the Jets get to talk to the biggest fish in the market, but it also allows Winnipeg's pending UFAs to test the market and remove any speculation from their valuation.
The new CBA instituted an interview period where pending UFAs can talk to every team in the league prior to free agency opening. One agent called it, "tantamount to legalized tampering," and it gives the players a new edge.
Agents can shop their clients around the league and find out exactly what the market is for their player. They can then go back to the rightsholder and say, 'if you want to keep him, here's the price.'
Agents can also make verbal agreements with teams but cannot have their clients sign with a new team until after the opening bell on Friday.
"You can make verbal agreements but nothing is done until it's done," said former Tampa Bay Lightning GM and longtime agent Brian Lawton. "I can guarantee you there will be agents that say, 'Yeah, it's done at $4 million a year,' and then have Team B call them and say, 'we'll give you $6 million a year.' Then they'll go back and say, 'now it's six.' "
For the Winnipeg Jets, a team that has yet to develop the needed cachet that attracts high profile UFAs, it means potentially overpaying prior to the interview period in order to keep their own players.
The Jets signed defenceman Grant Clitsome late Tuesday night just prior to the opening of the interview period.
"The conversations with Grant and his agent have been ongoing for sometime. But as you get closer to a deadline you have to make some decisions. You look at what might potentially be out there and you forecast what that might cost and you look at what you have at home here and that's when we made the decision to go in this direction," said Jets GM Kevin Cheveldayoff.
The Jets signed Clitsome to a three-year deal worth $6.2 million. That's a little over $2 million per season for a player that was claimed off waivers two seasons ago.
Did the Jets overpay? That's subject to individual perspective but Clitsome did have leverage and his agent no doubt exercised it.
The Jets determined they didn't want Clitsome talking to anyone else, which comes at a price.
Clitsome likely wasn't going to get half a dozen offers but it only takes one to drive the price up.
Agents can now take the temperature of other teams and give their clients a clear and absolute picture of their value.
Representatives can take whatever offers they've been able to collect back to their client to pick the deal and city that suits them best. No more speculation.
Expiry date
Previously, players would have to go into an unknown market and hope there were offers for their services higher than the last made by their old team. Now, depending on the expiry date of the last offer made by their current club, they can put that deal in their pocket and go and try to do better.
The high-end UFA market is even less friendly to the Jets than it has ever been, in particular where players whose rights they own and want to retain are concerned.
The Jets must prevent their best players from getting to UFA status, making long-term deals for core players and restricted free agents such as Zach Bogosian, Bryan Little and Blake Wheeler invaluable.
Some will argue the Jets now have the chance to pitch their organization to the high-profile free agents with whom they previously didn't a chance to talk.
"This will allow time for people to review and give everyone a chance to get in their offer," said Lawton. "Before, if you weren't cheating and I don't think a lot of people were cheating but some definitely were, there were a lot of teams that were not getting an opportunity to present. This will allow everyone the ability to do that. You won't be able to go back to your owner and say, 'I never even got to talk to the damn guy. He's already signed with such-and-such."
Sure, and this will help the Jets if they ever add the lustre of being a contender to their sales package. But right now it's really only a courtesy listen. The Jets just aren't a top-end destination right now and the elite players with multiple choices aren't coming here.
"Players have in their own mind, and I know this having represented players, a vision of where they are going to go before they even talk to anybody," said Lawton. "The better-weather places, teams that are well run and have won, they will still have the advantage. But everyone will get to bid."
Someday this new wrinkle will perhaps work to the Jets' advantage but in the here and now it puts them at a disadvantage where prized UFAs are concerned.
The best UFAs are only going to cost more and have their choice of where to collect their cash going forward.
All of this underscores Cheveldayoff's mantra of draft, develop and retain even more.
The UFA market may be just heating up, but it's the RFA market the Jets must hit their home runs in.
firstname.lastname@example.com Twitter: @garylawless
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition July 4, 2013 D4
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About Gary Lawless
Gary Lawless is the Free Press sports columnist and co-host of the Hustler and Lawless show on TSN 1290 Winnipeg and www.winnipegfreepress.com
Lawless began covering sports as a rookie reporter at The Chronicle-Journal in Thunder Bay after graduating from journalism school at Durham College in Ontario.
After a Grey Cup winning stint with the Toronto Argonauts in the communications department, Lawless returned to Thunder Bay as sports editor.
In 1999 he joined the Free Press and after working on the night sports desk moved back into the field where he covered pro hockey, baseball and football beats prior to being named columnist.
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