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no.7 price: 50 den. march, 2010 ISSN: 1857-6710 M a g a z iI n e o f t h e M iI n iI s t r y o f D e f e n s e o f t h e r e p u b l iI c o f M a c e D o n iI a mAGA E OF THE m STR OF dEFE SE OF THE RE BL C OF mACEdO A THE COmmAndER OF THE nATIOnAL GuARd In vERmOnT In THE uSA vISITEd ARm FRuIT OF LOnG pARTnERSHIp BASIC SKILLS QuALIFICATIOn COuRSE FOR pERFORmInG RAnGER OpERATIOnS ALWAyS A STEp AHEAd SpORTS - SEvEnTH ARmy BIATHLOn Cup BIATHLETES AT WORK ARM-NATO REPORTING WEAPONS MILITARY HISTORY GAMES AND SIMULATIONS member of the second mechanized infantry brigade "leopards" Content: OUT OF MANY, ONE! E pluribus unum The Republic of Macedonia remains de dicated to following the road to EuroAt lantic integrations. As a result of these di rections and efforts the country proves its continual readiness to meet the needs and requests set by our partners for active par ticipation and contribution to international peacekeeping operations, led by NATO, EU and the UN. Through an active participation in the ISAF mission in Afghanistan, together with its IntervIew wIth the coalition partners led by NATO, our country Major General will actively contribute in finding solutions Page MIchael DubIe, for stabilization of this "neuralgic" Central the coMManDant of Asian region. 8 the verMont natIonal GuarD, uSa The USA is a strategic partner to the Re public of Macedonia. As a result of that the USA shows constant support to our coun try for EuroAtlantic integrations. The USA and the Republic of Macedonia have a fruitful and successful cooperation Page IN SEARCH OF NEW AFGHANISTAN in the military field as well. The cooperation 4 RE-ESTABLISHING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM INSTEAD OF DESTROYING IT between the Army of the Republic of Mace donia and the Vermont National Guard, USA started 15 years ago. Untill now this cooperation has been realized though mu tual training, seminars, visitis, exercises and it will have been rounded off by the end of Page RIFLE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY March with participation of 79 Macedonian 18 Army soldiers as part of the Vermont Na AUTOMATIC RIFLE MODEL M21 tional Guard, in the ISAF mission to Afghan istan. This came as a result of the mutual efforts and determination for stabilization and development of Afghanistan. It demonstrates that the Macedonian Page INVALUABLE EXPERIENCE Army is firmly dedicated to contribute to Page the ISAF operation, which has also been 26 WITH THE MACEDONIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN THE ISAF MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN 11 proven by our continual participation with available resources, over the years. This participation in the overall efforts the dem ocratic world makes to build better future for Afghanistan is extremely important for a small country like Macedonia. Page THE MACEDONIAN BLUE BARET The new ARM contingent consists of staff 33 From a peacekeeper's journal officers, one MP squad and one Rangers squad. They will participate in a slightly different mission than the previous ones, which is providing assistance and help in the training of the Afghan Security Forces, CLIMATE CHANGE VS. as well as other types of assignments. Page DEFENCE AND SECURITY The Macedonian contingent that consists 38 Page of experienced soldiers has conducted 26 POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES raining in several phases in the country and in the USA. Part of the members of OF GLOBAL WARMING the ARM and the Vermont National Guard have already had previous experience by participating in this mission to Afghanistan. Page A BOOK ABOUT THE MACEDONIAN PAST That is a valuable experience for successful 44 completion of assignments in the future. A STORY WHICH "THE LEOPARD" Well planned and conducted training prepa rations, as well as dedication of the ARM PROTECTS FROM OBLIVION members guarantees that the ARM per sonnel is capable to meet the challenges in the forthcoming mission, and to justify Page A MATCH FOR THE BIG FIRE Page the given trust. The ARM members have proven their readiness, with successful par 48 THE "SPIRIT" OF THE FIRST FLIGHT OVER THE ATLANTIC 54 ticipation in this as well as other similar mis sions all over the world, in the past years. The Commander of the Vermont National Guard, MajorGeneral Michael Dubie has SHIELD - Year II, issue 7, March 2010, published monthly visited the country to inspect the readiness PUBLISHER - MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA of the Macedonian contingent for the forth coming, missions. PUBLISHING BOARD "These are critical moments for Afghani Emil Dimitriev (Chairman, Chief) stan. The organization and mission of ISAF Major general Naser Sejdini, Sashko Dimov, Lieutenant Colonel Mirce gjorgoski, Lieutenant Colonel Zdravko Rizovski, led by General McCrystal has set higher Lieutenant Colonel Meri Rindzova, Ph.D. gorgi Malkovski goals to be accomplished in the next 18 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF months. The ARM soldiers together with Lieutenant Colonel Zdravko Rizovski the soldiers of the Vermont National Guard have a great challenge ahead, as well as EDITORIAL BOARD a very important mission" stated General Biljana Ivanova (Copy Editor, Art and graphic Editor), Ivan Petrushevski (Associate Journalist) Ksenija Miteva (Lector), Aleksandar Dubie. Atanasov (Photographs) High level of training and ability to com plete the assignments in the forthcoming CONCEPTUAL CONSULTING, ART OFFICE AND DESIGN mission, as well as previous experience, are Zarko Stojanovik, Oliver Kurciev, Vesna Vujadinovik, Stefan Smiljanoski confirmation that this new contingent will finish its mission successfully. Printed by: "Evropa 92" Kocani The guarantee for success in the forthcom ing mission is the whole that has been ADDRESSS created by incorporating affirmed profes MINISTRY OF DEFENSE - Magazine "SHIELD" sionals from both Armies. It is the same as "Orce Nikolov" bb 1000 Skopje Phone: 02 038 24 17; 02 328 20 58 the USA motto: "E pluribus unum" (Out of Fax: 02 3113 527; 02 3128 276 many, one). One but valuable. www.morm.gov.mk; E-mail: email@example.com Zdravko Rizovski 3 IN SEARCH OF NEW AFGHANISTAN RE-ESTABLISHING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM t's been over nine years cerning Afghanistan. This was 1. PrIMe MIn- mere fact of Macedonia's in- since the coalition forces, announced together with the ISter Gor- volvement in Afghanistan. led by the USA, entered UN Secretary General, Ban Ki- Don brown The determination of the po- the territory of Afghani- moon, on 29 November last litical leaders of our country stan in order to make radical year. The new conference, held announcInG to continue striving towards changes and to improve the on 28 January 2010 in London, the confer- the Euro-Atlantic integrations situation of the country. How- and all events that happened ence In lon- has meant adjusting to some ever, at the moment, things during the sessions on the Don demands set by our partners. are not as many people wished conference, confirmed the ob- Therefore, the idea of increas- at all. Whether they were an- vious demand in changing the ing the number of the armed ticipated or not, challenges still approach of dealing with Af- forces as peacekeepers in Af- exist in Afghanistan concerning ghanistan. ghanistan is a logical follow diplomacy, information, armed The interest in the accepted up to those efforts. This is an forces and economy. Perhaps, resolutions, to direct future extremely serous job forced a silent concession about the development of the political upon the military and political situation is made by the Brit- decisions which need to be the leaders; therefore, the interest ish Prime Minister, Gordon foundation of the operational in the future developing strate- Brown, who voiced an idea to tasks for the armed forces in gy of Afghanistan is absolutely search for a new strategy con- the theatre comes from the more than necessary. The aim 4 Secondly, the standard practice, which has been applied as a sys- tem for building nations, used for fast selling of the idea about the "western story of democracy", has melted in questioning the possibility of successfully accepting this idea in Afghanistan in a way that has been done so far. LONDON CONFERENCE: ONE STEP AHEAD? There have been two clearly distin- guished approaches since the begin- ning of the campaign in Afghanistan. They still exist; therefore, they cause problems in creating a successful story about Afghanistan. Although the attitude towards the modern threat of terrorism, which is used by Al-Qaeda, is to condemn them and other groups affiliated to Al-Qaeda, it has been evident that there are two distinct types of differences in the in- ternational legal approach on the ter- ritory of Afghanistan. Consequently, these differences are the foundation for building the diverse approach in Afghanistan. It does not mean that the international legal differences are the only reason for disagreements about Afghanistan, but only that they are the foundation of the disagree- ments. This was the easiest way to get an acceptable compromise among the allies at that moment. Namely, after 11 September, 2001, the justification of using deadly force, from the domain of inherent right of war (jus bellum), thus, the USA and one part of the allies who support the USA, based its right of self-defense on the UN Charter, Chapter 51. This has been recognized and confirmed by the UN Security Council twice, (resolutions number 1368 and 1373) and by NATO, EU, other regional or- ganizations and by wider world opin- ion. Nevertheless, a larger number of European allies led by Germany and France withheld themselves from the USA aggressive attitude towards dealing with the 9/11 attack. However, they have expressed support, justify- ing it through the second internation- al legal right of use of deadly force in Afghanistan, i.e. Article number 42 from the UN Charter. On one hand, it was obvious that EU verbally sup- INSTEAD OF DESTROYING IT ported the USA. On the other hand, EU behaved differently on the field. Instead of actual support to the mis- sion "Iraqi Freedom", the ISAF mis- of this article is to show that there is sion was started under the UN man- a need of deeper and more analytical date. In this way, a gap has occurred approach to the London conference. in the diplomatic cooperation, which If a serous analysis from a different has been causing confusion among point of view was made, it would only the operational forces in the theatre. confirm how much the "western coun- ISAF has been stationed in the ring tries" are upset about the situation in around Kabul, and hasn't moved, Afghanistan. Two reasons generally however, the "Iraqi Freedom" mission cause these worries, and that's why made a framework where the coali- they are going to be the topic of de- tion forces and their partners, fought tailed analysis in the next part of this against Al-Qaeda and Taliban forces, article. in the rest of Afghanistan. Firstly, despite all initiatives of the tra- Since 2005, the USA enforced the ditional western partners to "smooth idea to join these two missions, and up" their differences concerning Af- that confirmed the existence of prob- ghanistan, still, their national inter- lems not only in the diplomatic field ests have been smothering the initial (in this particular case in the interna- energy for improving and advancing tional legal aspect) but also in the forward. field of information, military opera- 5 Nevertheless, this has not brought were put forward at the last London to the solution of the problems. Due conference. These ideas are in terms to the changes that have been made of demilitarization of the approach, in the course of warfare, it has been which is needed to meet the criteria proven that in this kind of situations, of the common people, and give solu- purely military solution is merely 20 tions to noted problems. Resolutions percent of the problem (see more in have been brought pointing out the David Galulla Counter-Insurgence War- idea of using an indirect approach in- fare: Theory and Practice, 1964). It has stead of a direct one, an unconven- become clear that in order to achieve tional way of dealing with problems the success which was planned at the instead of solid and conventional beginning, there must be legitimacy of ways. This new approach would not the actions. It means that in this kind destroy the Taliban system of resis- of situation, that problem is more po- tance; on the contrary, it would set litical rather than military (this attitude conditions for returning to normal life . was recognized by John F Kennedy, and mutual cooperation. 1961). In order to have successful solu- The first thing that was done on the tion, there is a need to win over the conference was making a scenario, hearts and the opinions of the people. according to which the military oc- According to the father of this idea, cupation would get "stretched" to 5 tions and economic approach. As a this includes the emotional part (the more years. According to some state- result, the following few NATO sum- heart) and the cognitive part (con- ments given by the Afghan President, mits were characterized by sharp science - opinions) of people (see more Hamid Karazi for the BBC before the criticism. The USA criticized their co- in: John Cloake, Templer, tiger of Ma- start of the conference, the military alition partners for not responding to laya: the life of field marshal Sir Gerald occupation could be "stretched" up to the USA demands, "... proactive and Templer", London, Harrap, 1985). In 15 years. This means that Obama's more determined approach instead addition, in order to reach that goal, plan to start withdrawing troops of the soft approach that the Euro- the culture of the people should be from Afghanistan in 2011 should be pean forces use" understood. In other words, there is altered. Obama presented his view This kind of dispute resulted in an a need to understand the perception about this as a very skillful politician unexpected effect in the operational of people, traditions, the way of living and adjusted the interpretation of his aspect (military plan). The brutal, di- and the real existing needs of people plan as a very long story, although rect and conventional approach used (advised by the Commander of the many did not understand it quite well. by the USA in the operation "Ana- forces in Afghanistan, General Stanley He showed how his plan coincides conda" in 2002, created the new "Al- McChrystal). Understanding these as- with the idea of the USA, "gradually Qaeda". Although the physical force pects of life, is going to clarify some- withdraw troops in one region at a of Al-Qaeda was seriously damaged, thing that Lawrence tried to point out time", and all that …"depending on the operation "Anaconda" and the in the early twenties of the last cen- the conditions which should be es- reserved attitude of ISAF helped the tury, about the Arabs (see more in T.E timated by the leaders in the the- creation of the new "Al-Qaeda", i.e. Lawrence, "Twenty-seven Articles", atre"… starting from 2011. The Arab Bulletin, 20th August, 1917). Obviously, political efforts have the idea of "Al-Qaeda". It caused a Thus, it is better for the Afghans to do been done in order to achieve this general reflection and a turning point something satisfactory on their own, goal. The initiative to cooperate with of the warfare. From a purely physi- rather than to have something done some of the warlords who are re- cal and kinetic war in the field, it has perfectly by some outside factor. It co- lated to the Taliban, and moreover turned into a war where by manipu- incides with the set goals of this mis- to integrate them into the new gov- lating information, it remained to sion, according to which, Afghanistan ernment of Karazi is a serious step fight for ideas and for winning over needs to get on its own feet and deal ahead in the new indirect (instead the people. They failed to recognize with problems and challenges on its of the straight military) approach this change, though they tried to own. which is taken in Afghanistan. Ac- unite their efforts, and to overcome It is crystal clear that there is a need cording to Karazi, in order to have the differences after uniting their of completely new way of dealing political success the king of Saudi two missions into one. Instead, be- with the problem. This is necessary Arabia, Abdul Aziz could play an im- cause of the legal right that the US because you need to keep in mind portant role (King Abdulah bin Abdul- wanted to keep (acting in the line of the above mentioned problems con- Aziz of Saudi Arabia). Karazi said war, where the fight against terror- nected to the approach as means to ..."he should have a dominant role ism is considered to be an act of war) accomplish legitimacy (understanding in the process of peace making ... another compromise was made and the importance of respecting the law, praying together with other friends both missions were taken under the cultural perception and political as- in Afghanistan, above all with the US command. pects of the operations). Some ideas friends from Pakistan". 6 Establishing of the so-called rec- ence showed that there is a onciliation council (peace jigra), need to pay more attention supplemented by the council of and spend more time on the the elders, will have an only aim democratic aspect of the prob- to reconcile and integrate every- lem in Afghanistan. One of the body who are willing to make reasons might be accepting peace. Certain measures have the fact that democratization been taken at the same time at of Afghanistan would not func- the international level, so as to tion in the way that the "west- demonstrate a determination ern" countries wanted, there- in the success of the plan (for fore, this is a very painful blow instance, some diplomatic influ- to the "western idea". In any ence was used to remove the case, no matter what, almost names of five Taliban leaders all the problems might be si- from the UN list of individuals lently included in some parts of subject to sanctions measures). the initiatives and statements Despite the political measures, given by the political represen- taking into consideration the tatives before and after the economic measures is also conference. Without getting a considerable step ahead. into too many details by ana- Around 650 million dollars have 2. Secretary lyzing them, we could conclude been planned for donation by problems will be dealt with so that, those who support the as to cause the fulfilling of cer- General ban the USA, Japan, Great Britain KI-Moon SuP- idea to leave the Afghan peo- and Germany on the confer- tain conditions which should ple to decide about the way of be achieved (a statement given PortS the ence, to "bribe" over 12.000 IDea for a building their country and their soldiers who fight against the for Financial Times). One Brit- new StrateGy independence, are louder and coalition partners. According ish diplomat, who wanted to for afGhanI- louder. to the British Prime Minister, remain anonymous, called this Stan Therefore, instead of a deduc- Gordon Brown, the indirect approach "a carrot and stick tive approach, strong central approach can be implemented approach". By explaining this 3. every-Day power, there is a need of an when the international trust method, the anonymous diplo- afGhanIStan inductive approach. It means fund is used for offering alter- mat actually showed the idea that the people believe in the of the conference, to integrate 4. anGela natives as well as prevention MerKel anD local leaders. Thus, to win of joining and supporting the all instruments of power (di- people's trust you need to win plomacy, information, military haMID KarzaI rebels. the trust of the local leaders The military part has given its forces and economy). He said, whom the people trust. That is "there will be 40 000 soldiers 6. laSt con- share in the completely new ference In the only way to win back the role which has been tried to more in the theatre, whose lonDon trust of the people and make be imposed by the new com- goal is to prevent Taliban's ma- all efforts put by the coalition mander of the armed forces in neuver. Money and the political 5. MInISter forces understood by the lo- powerful posts which are of- of DefenSe, fered to the warlords are the zoran Kon- "carrot". The military forces janovSKI, an- who should dissuade the reb- nounceD the els from joining are the "stick". DeterMIna- In this way, this conference is a tIon of rePub- considerable step ahead in alter- lIc of Mace- DonIa to taKe ing the approach when dealing Part In the with the problem in Afghani- PeaceKeePInG stan, which was mentioned at MISSIon In the beginning of this analysis. afGhanIStan What is left to be seen is how, wIth larGer at the London conference, the nuMber of participants approached the sec- arMeD forceS ond problem which the coalition forces faced in Afghanistan. 7. PreSIDent of the uSa, DEMOCRATIZATION baracK obaMa anD the KInG OF AFGHANISTAN of SauDI ara- All analysis and reports pre- bIa, abDul azIz sented at the London confer- Afghanistan, general Stanley McChrystal. Although he was cal people, and that is how the generally and harshly criticized new conference will be fruitful. in the USA because of his soft- In any case, time will show how ening of the rules of engage- and in what way all the priori- ment, so that he could win the ties set on this conference will people's trust, McChrystal is- reflect on the situation in the sued orders which support the theatre. This is very important indirect approach. Giving the for the Republic of Macedonia new orders to the military lead- because we are a part of these ers in the theatre, McChrystal efforts, and we need to take emphasized the need to un- into consideration Macedonia's derstand the people and deal intensive presence in Afghani- with problems "through the stan. Moreover, the announce- eyes of the people". The key ment of increasing the number point of this is preparing the of peacekeepers in this country military part of the peacekeep- makes it even more important. ers to follow this approach. According to McChrystal, the PhD Metodi Hadji-Janev 7 IMPRESSIVE THE PROGRESS OF THE ARM IS Interview with the Major General Michael Dubie, the commandant of the Vermont National Guard, USA General Sir, what is the purpose of your "the reSPect we have – 15 years ago we started with very visit to the Republic of Macedonia? simple exchanges between our two for the MeMberS of countries. The most important benefit – This is my annual visit as a Command- is the personal friendships and relations er of the Vermont National Guard, USA, the arM IS GettInG that developed between the members but it is also an opportunity to express my gratitude to the soldiers of the Army bIGGer anD bIGGer. of the Army of Republic of Macedonia and the members of the Vermont Na- of the Republic of Macedonia for their the rePutatIon of tional Guard. These relations helped us deployment in the upcoming mission in get the best preparations for the mu- Afghanistan. the MaceDonIan tual deployment in the army base. Only The Army of the Republic of Mace- SolDIerS IS wIDely through long term contacts that formed personal and professional relations we donia has been cooperating with the Known anD well can gain that level of respect and mu- Vermont National Guard for 15 years tual trust that we now have. now. How do you assess this coopera- DocuMenteD for tion and what are the benefits of this theIr ServIce In Iraq The result of this successful coopera- mutual cooperation? tion is the upcoming joint mission of anD afGhanIStan" 8 the members of the Vermont National Guard and the members of the special units of ARM in Afghanistan. Are you satisfied with the readiness of the contingent for conducting this mis- sion, which is in many ways, different from the others? – I am extremely satisfied with the preparations and the training. This is a very serious mission in very serious times in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, I am convinced that the formations are well trained, well equipped and with good leaders. What do you think about the actual safety situation in Afghanistan? 9 Since the beginning of the cooperation between the Vermont National Guard and the Army of Republic of Macedonia in 1995, over 200 activities have been completed with participation of over 4000 members of the ARM and the Ministry of Defense. The Vermont National Guard is a partner of the ARM in the executing the activities for cooperation with the US Army are, coordinated through the Military-contact program, as a part of the overall bilateral cooperation between the two armies. Through the above mentioned Military program, the Vermont National Guard has significantly assisted the ARM in achieving the standards of the NATO-alliance. – Regarding the present situation, I would – I am not familiar with any kind of in- say that it represents a challenge for us. Of creasing the cooperation at this time. course, progress has been made, that can The entire focus at the moment is at our be seen also through the media reports, present mission. I think that after it be- but we still have a long journey ahead of gins, we will start allocating resources us. New tactics and procedures must be for something that is yet to follow re- implemented and that is what the new lated to our cooperation. ISAF command has been doing in the past year. I would like to point out that this is General Sir, you have visited the Re- a modified mission in Afghanistan. Gen- public of Macedonia on several occa- eral McChrystal has made a number of sions. What was your greatest impres- changes in the deployment of the army in sion during your first visit and how do Afghanistan. What we will do now is the you describe the present situation of so-called combined action, in partnership our country? with the Afghan forces, which still requires some mentoring and training. – My first visit here was in 1996. Today, from what I have seen around Skopje, I General Sir, the Republic of Macedo- noticed there is great progress concern- nia, even though not a full member of ing the economy and the free market, NATO, actively participates in the mis- and generally in the country. Regarding sions lead by the Alliance. How do you the Army of the Republic of Macedonia, value the contribution of the ARM in the progress that has been made is yet the international missions, especially more radical. What is impressive is that the ISAF mission in Afghanistan? a great number of ARM members have trained with other armed forces, the – I already mentioned the professional- armed forces of the USA, Great Britain, ism of the ARM. A progress towards the Germany, Turkey, Greece and the armies Alliance, without a doubt will be made, of all Balkan countries. It is exactly that but that is out of my hands, and that kind of international experience that cre- well-known situation must be resolved. ates a first class army. Also, I would like What is clear to me is that the ARM is to point out that the progress in the a very professional army and their mem- non-commissioned officer corps is sub- bers have been training for years accord- stantial. The NCOs that I meet today are ing to NATO standards. just as trained and prepared as their col- leagues, the NCOs of the other armies. Are there any future plans about increas- That is of great importance for the devel- ing the bilateral American-Macedonian opment of an army. cooperation in terms of the military? Zdravko Rizovski/Ivan Petrushevski 10 2 info инфо First Phase of the Project "ARM - My True Home" n the first phase of the vey the Army members respond- the central city area of Kumanovo Konjanovski handed over the project "ARM – My True ed what size apartment they want 281 apartments are expected to "Strategy for Defence of the Home" according to the sur- to buy. Asked about the price, the be built with an area of 16,855 Republic of Macedonia" to the vey conducted among the Minister expressed expectations square meters, and in Shtip in the President and Supreme Com- members of the Army of that they will be much cheaper suburb of Baba 279 apartments mander of the Armed Forces, the Republic of Macedonia there than the commercial ones. "Hav- with an area of 16,340 square Gjorgje Ivanov in his residency is an interest for the construction ing in mind that they will be built metres. In Skopje in the "Ilinden" on Vodno. of 4,300 apartments with a total on the territories of the former barracks there should be 3,284 At this solemn ceremony Min- area of 252,670 square meters. barracks, in certain municipalities apartments with 192,990 square ister Konjanovski emphasised The Minister of Defence Zoran on state-owned land, and with meters and in Veles in the frame- that the Strategy is of a particu- Konjanovski at the announce- the participation in the project by work of the barracks, 126 apart- lar significance for the country. ment of the results from the first the mayors, they will be relieved ments with 6,900 square meters. "We have an exclusively signifi- 2 phase of the project noted that of utility charges for construction, cant document that needs to the Government enables the ARM we expect the price to be much be updated every five years, members to have their own home lower than for the commercial and with the coming of a new under exclusively favourable condi- apartments", said Konjanovski. new StrateGy President and Supreme Com- tions with a low price, opportunity The initial interest, according to for Defence mander, to have its own supple- for payment in the next 10 years him, represents evidence on the On February 23, 2010 the and only 30% down payment justification of the project and mo- ment". Minister of Defence Zoran without obligations for interest. tive for a more engaged approach "With the project 'ARM - My True towards it. After the adoption of Home' the costs for paying rent the Law on Service in the ARM, he and transport are decreased in announced that preparations will the Ministry of Defence, and the begin on a Rulebook for acquiring ARM and MOD members will an apartment and a programme benefit from this at the same on the basis of which the project time", said Minister Konjanovski documentation will be prepared. during the press-conference of the In the first phase, in cooperation Government of the Republic of with the local self-governments, Macedonia. According to him, the locations have been determined project will be carried out without and a survey has been conducted additional fiscal implications on with all ARM members. In the the budget of the MOD and the municipality of Tetovo construc- Government, and the construction tion will take place in the former companies, banks and local self- barracks, and the initial interest is government will benefit. Minister for the building of 146 apartments Konjanovski informed that the with a total apartment area of construction of the apartments 8,905 square meters. In Kichevo will begin in October or November they will be built in a location that the latest, and are with different is part of the barracks, and there is size from about 35, 55 and 70 a request for 94 apartments with square meters, and with the sur- an area of 5,500 square meters. In 11 This is a second Strategy ad- mander of the ARM Gjorge Iva- opted in the Republic of Mace- nov on the combat readiness donia, 12 years after the first of ARM, on the implementa- one was adopted. Regarding tion of the plans and tasks for the size and scope of work 2009 in line with the functional during the preparation of this areas of the ARM related to Strategy the Minister stated: personnel management, force "In order to prepare a docu- protection, operations, training ment of this kind, it is neces- and exercises, logistic support, sary to address several strate- signals and communications gic issues and challenges. We and budgeting, as well as the have analysed all these issues compatibility with the NATO and strategic positions of the standards for 2009. Republic of Macedonia, as well After the briefing, President as all the missions we have al- Ivanov stated that he was in- ready determined, and these formed about the participation answers were the basis for in peace missions and the level building this Strategy." of their contribution for Mace- In the preparation of the Strat- donia's reputation in the inter- egy, besides experts from the national community. President MOD and GS of the ARM, ex- Ivanov emphasised for the tries in the Republic of Mace- supports Macedonia's NATO perts from the NATO Advisory press that during the Secu- donia – Netherlands, Norway and EU membership. Team were involved as well. rity Conference in Munich the and Switzerland, Simone Filip- The Medical Training Centre The Minister announced that participants were impressed pini, Kjetil Paulsen and Nicole was formed in 2000 within the in the forthcoming months about Macedonia's participa- Wyrsch, respectively. Military Hospital, as a Medical the Long-term Defence Devel- tion in the peace mission in The total donation for the Training Centre for the neces- opment Plan will be handed Afghanistan, although Mace- Centre is worth approximately sities of ARM and armies from over as well, which is another donia is not a NATO member. EUR 85,000, of which Swit- the region. Approximately document of a particular sig- Minister Konjanovski stated zerland provides EUR 55,000, 1300 persons have been nificance. that he informed President with Norway and the Nether- trained so far, 300 of them be- 3 Ivanov that Strategy for Army lands allocating EUR 30,000. ing members of armies from Development has already been The financial aid by these three the region. Thus far this Cen- prepared, and in the forthcom- countries for development of tre was extensively assisted BRIEFING ON THE COMBAT ing months the focus will be the Medical Training Centre is with training materials by the READINESS OF ARM put on creating a long-term a confirmation for the excel- Swiss Confederation and the On February 9, 2010 a briefing plan for ARM development, lent cooperation and, above Kingdom of Norway, and by on the combat readiness of which will be "Constitution of all, their support for the efforts the financial support in which the ARM for 2009 was held in ARM and MOD", on the basis which MOD and ARM put in Netherlands will take part real the MOD. The briefing on the of the accepted partnership strengthening of capacities of opportunities will be created combat readiness is a regular goals from NATO. general medical training and for the Medical Training Centre special training before mis- to become a modern medical sions. training regional centre for the Minister Konjanovski extend- necessities of ARM and armies ed his gratitude for the long- in the region. 5 standing assistance provided by the three countries. For the past ten years they have been unselfishly helping the devel- thIS year IS DecISIve for opment of this Centre. afGhanIStan "However, employees deserve The Minister of Defence Zoran biggest praise due to their ef- Konjanovski on February 5, forts, which have raised the 2010 visited Istanbul, Turkey, Centre at a high level", he where he attended the Infor- noted, adding that this will mal Meeting of Ministers of also represent an incentive Defence of NATO countries and for the prospective declared countries which are not NATO more complex missions such members, but contribute in as ROLE 2 missions, in which ISAF . medical personnel for a light The Meeting is a regular coor- manoeuvrable field hospital dination of the international should be provided. community's activities for "This is how a well equipped achieving safe, prosperous obligation of the GS of the ARM, whereas the President of the Republic of Macedonia 4 A MEDICAL TRAINING regional training centre in the military health area should look like in accordance with NATO standards. The new fa- and self-sustainable Afghani- stan. The Meeting of Ministers was focused on the progress in achieving appropriate condi- and Supreme Commander of CENTAR IN LINE WITH cilities and the ones to be con- tions for transferring the re- the ARM is being briefed on NATO STANDARDS structed in the future would sponsibility for the safety of the combat readiness of the On February 18, 2010 in the Mil- help promote the institution Afghanistan to the Afghanistan Army in the past year. itary-Medical Centre in Skopje into a regional training centre", authorities, as well as to the At the briefing, the Chief of a donation to the refurbished pointed out Konjanovski. achieved progress in the imple- General Staff of the ARM section of the Medical Training "Norway and Macedonia have mentation of the initial estima- Lieutenant General Miroslav Centre within the Military-Med- close cooperation in the field tion of the ISAF Commander, Stojanovski, the Commander ical Centre formational struc- of defence and security and General Stanley McChrystal. of the Joint Operations Com- ture was handed over. we support the ambitions of "This year is decisive for Af- mand of the ARM General Ma- The ceremony was attended Macedonia to become a NATO ghanistan, and Macedonia jor Zoran Dimov, part of the key by the Minister of Defence member", said Ambassador through its participation in the personnel of the GS of ARM, Zoran Konjanovski, the Chief Paulsen. ISAF mission will continue in as well as the Defence Minister of General Staff of the ARM Dutch Ambassador Simone the future to contribute for the Zoran Konjanovski, briefed the Lieutenant General Miroslav Filippini stressed that the inter- stabilization of the situation President of the Republic of Stojanovski as well as the am- national community strongly in the Central-Asian country", Macedonia and Supreme Com- bassadors of the donor coun- 12 stated Macedonian Minister of operations in the world, confirm missions, tasks, equipment Defence Zoran Konjanovski. that Macedonia succeeded in and future plans of the units In the margins of the meeting merging into an equal credible at the meetings, where experi- Konjanovski held several brief partner of NATO and the EU", ences on training and planning informal meetings with his col- stated Konjanovski. Macedonia, were exchanged. In the course leagues, where he received as he stated, contributes to- of its stay, the EUCOM delega- their support in the efforts that wards global security and world tion had an opportunity to visit Macedonia invests in the road peace through the participation some of the cultural landmarks towards full NATO integration, in missions led by NATO, the EU in the Republic of Macedonia. but also recognition for the con- and the United Nations, with Biljana Stevchevska 9 tribution, which it gives in the about three percent of its land ISAF mission. forces. The Macedonian Minister met The ambassador of the King- the NATO Secretary General, dom of Netherlands in Skopje EXCHANGE OF Anders Fogh Rasmussen, with Simone Filippini believes that if EXPERIENCES IN THE PART the American Secretary of De- in the future Macedonia needs OF LOGISTICS fence, Robert Gates, as well as to participate with equipment, it A work meeting was held in with the Ministers of Defence will need more finances intended the Host Nation Support Coor- of Norway, Slovenia, Spain and for this. "These are tough times dination Centre in the barracks Italy, Grete Faremo, Ljubica and all NATO members are think- "Strasho Pindjur" in Petrovec, Jelushic, Carme Piqueras and ing how to redistribute the de- members who served in the with General Major Patricia Ignazio La Russa. Rasmussen fence budget. Macedonia, who South--Eastern Europe Bri- McQuistion, the 21st Theatre confirmed that he received an is still implementing the reforms, gade – SEEBRIG. The eleven Sustainment Command com- invitation from the Macedonian is in an even more difficult situ- members of ARM were award- manding general. leadership to visit Macedonia ation because in line with those ed the SEEBRIG Medal by the The guest was welcomed by and that in due time it will be reforms it needs to also procure SEEBRIG Commander, Briga- General Major Zoran Lekovski, realized. He also held a meet- equipment and that represents dier General Ziber Dusku. and the Chief of G-4 in the GS ing with the British Secretary of an additional burden in relation The ceremony was also at- of ARM, Colonel Kiro Ristovski State for Defence, Robert Ain- to the finances. This is why a tended by the Minister of and the Commander of the sworth, with whom he spoke long-term defence development Defence Zoran Konjanovski, Logistic Support Command, about the essential things that plan needs to exist where plans the Chief of GS of the ARM, Colonel Blagojcho Pejchinov the Macedonian peacekeepers for the procurement of equip- Lieutenant General Miroslav were present at the part of the require in Afghanistan. Kon- ment will be included", stated Stojanovski, part of the SEE- meeting regarding logistics. janovski received a confirma- Filippini. Currently, according BRIG personnel, families of the Major Viktor Zlatkov and Major tion that the Macedonian sol- to her, Macedonia is giving the awarded ARM members, rep- Snezana Olevska presented diers will receive the required most important contribution by resentatives of MOD and GS the ARM transformation and logistics support from the providing personnel for the mis- of ARM and other guests. achievements in the part of Great Britain contingent. sions. "If in the future it is estab- logistics before the USA del- Afghanistan was the central topic during the informal meet- ing in Istanbul, which was opened by the Secretary Gen- lished that it should also contrib- ute with equipment, then things will become more complicated, because with all the changes 8 worKInG vISIt egation representatives. After that, additional discussions followed which introduced the opportunity to broaden the eral of the Alliance Rasmussen. in the security challenges in the A delegation of the United cooperation between both He stressed that 36 countries forthcoming period, such a re- States European Command armies through activities that that have their own peacekeep- quirement will be imposed for (EUCOM), led by Brigadier Gen- will enable exchange of expe- ers in ISAF have offered rein- all NATO members and for the eral Joe Ramirez - HQ Europe- riences from this exceptionally forcement in the mission. The Republic of Macedonia", added an Command Deputy for Plans important segment. and Strategy (J-5), recently 10 Ministers also addressed the ambassador Filippini. paid a working visit to Macedo- Е.Т. situation in Kosovo during the Minister Konjanovski stated that nia and the Macedonian Army. forum. due to the world economic crises, The delegation visited units The informal meeting was par- the budget in all NATO member that are part of the ARM Joint INSPECTION OF A ticipated by Ministers of De- states has been decreased, not Operations Command: the Mili- SPECIFIED AREA fence form 44 countries which just in Macedonia. "But maybe tary Police Battalion and ARM Inspection teams from the contribute in ISAF . now is the moment to discuss AirWING, as well as the Special armed forces of Republic of 6 about this in the Ministry and in Operations Regiment in "Ilin- Bulgaria, the Russian Federa- the Army and to see where we den" barracks in Skopje, where tion, Republic of Serbia and a can save and to use those saved it attended a demonstrative representative from the armed foruM on the money for procuring equipment military exercise within this forces of the Kingdom of Den- contrIbutIon of and training for ARM members", unit's training. mark paid a working visit and MaceDonIa towarDS added Konjanovski. With the Guests were informed on the carried out an inspection of a Global SecurIty anD announced increase in the con- specified area in accordance worlD Peace tribution in the ISAF mission in "The Republic of Macedonia is Afghanistan with additional two strongly committed to meet its platoons that together with the strategic determination to be- National Guard of the American come part of NATO and the Eu- State of Vermont will join in the ropean Union and this is a goal training and mentorship of the to which we are not retreating", Afghan Security Forces, Mace- stated Minister of Defence Zoran donia will participate with 260 Konjanovski during his address peacekeepers, or four percent to the cadets of the Military deployed army forces. 7 Academy on the Forum "Contri- bution of the Republic of Mace- donia towards Global Security and World Peace", held on Febru- ARM MEMBERS RECEIVE ary 3, 2010, at which, besides the SEEBRIG ACHIEVEMENT cadets, were present military at- MEDALS tachés accredited in our country. On February 22, in the Army "The achievements in the seg- Home in Skopje, a ceremony ment of defence, most evident was held on the occasion through the large contribution of of awarding "A SEEBRIG our country towards the peace Achievement Medal" to ARM 13 with the Vienna Document 1999 on February 11, 2010, in the First Mechanized Infantry about the changes in the inter- national strategic environment after the '90-ies, which led to legal aspects of the contempo- rary counter-insurgency opera- tions in Afghanistan (European 14 from the activities of ororM Brigade in the barracks "Jane re-evaluation of all the issues perspectives and approaches as DIGnIfIeD obServance Sandanski" in Shtip. The in- pertaining to military organiza- opposite to the US approach), The Executive Board of ORORM spection teams were accom- tion, including military leader- dilemmas regarding rules of from Kumanovo, in cooperation panied by a team from the ship, military professionalism conduct in ISAF missions and with the Presidency of Union Arms Control and Verification principles, application of the "Enduring Freedom" operations, of Fighters from the National Department of MOD, as well leadership-model for appoint- experiences regarding manners Liberation War of Macedonia, as teams from GS of ARM and ing officers, for the leaders to of dealing with the local popula- is an organizer of the traditional JOC. be able to apply the so called tion in the military operations, Karposh Night as a symbol of The purpose was inspection 'mission commanding model' the significance of SOFA agree- respect for the legendary Com- of a specified area in the First clearly and precisely on a tac- ments etc. In addition, case mander of the partisan battalion Mechanized Infantry Brigade in tical and operational level", studies were analysed through from Kumanovo "Orce Nikolov", the area of arms control and emphasised Prof. Dr. Gjorgji which participants shared own the legendary hero Hristijan verification, in accordance with Malkovski with reference to experiences from the past Todorovski - Karposh. This digni- the obligations arising from this book, published in Skopje peace operations. fied observance, held on Febru- the Vienna Document 1999 re- in 2010. What is of a special importance ary 6, 2010 in the Culture Centre garding arms control and veri- The book is divided into four and what gave a special mean- "Trajko Prokopiev", represented fication. segments that chronologically ing to the seminar, beside the 66 years from his heroic death The inspection of the specified and thematically create a re- mass international presence, in the village of Biljacha on Feb- area was carried out by an in- markably synchronized whole, was the address of the new di- ruary 7, 1944. spection team consisting of with and easy and recogniz- rector of the US Institute, who In the crowded hall of the Cul- three members, led by team able writing style. Each of the stressed the importance of the ture Centre were present many leaders from the armed forces events elaborated and anal- seminar and expressed warm officers and non-commissioned of Republic of Serbia, Lieuten- ysed step by step by a con- gratitude to the Ministry of De- officers in the reserve, survived ant Colonel Dragan Stojanovic, temporary military-theoretical fence of Republic of Macedonia fighters, activists from the Union from the armed forces of Re- writing style is easily under- for the assistance in this project. of Fighters, ARM representatives 13 public of Bulgaria Lieutenant standable for the readers, and and citizens from Kumanovo, Colonel Gencho Basharov, and will undoubtedly find its place including: President of ORORM, from the armed forces of the in the studying of contempo- Prof. Dr. Gjorgji Malkovski, del- Russian Federation Lieutenant rary military doctrines in Mace- PLANNING PROCESS FOR egation from the Main Board Colonel Nikolay Bugrovskiy. donia and abroad. THE EXERCISE "BALKAN of Union of Fighters from the The team from the Verification Z. Janakievski STAR 2010" National Liberation War of Mace- 12 and Armament Control Depart- The planning process for the donia, the first Chief of General ment of MOD of Republic of forthcoming exercise "Balkan Staff of ARM LTC General Mitre Macedonia and GS of ARM Star 2010" has started with Arsovski (retired), the President was led by Colonel Zlatko On- PREPARATION FOR THE the realization of conferences of the Union of Army Veterans, chevski and Lieutenant Colonel PROSPECTIVE OPERATIONS and workshops in the Training General Major Ilija Nikolovski (re- Tomislav Rizeski. IN AFGHANISTAN Centre "Pepelishte" in the past tired), the President of the Ku- At the final briefing, the inspec- An international seminar on the tion team leaders for evalua- topic "International Legal As- tion expressed their gratitude pects in the Fight against Terror- for the pleasant stay in the ism: Preparation for Prospective First Mechanized Infantry Bri- Operations in Afghanistan" was gade and mentioned that the held in hotel "Metropol" in Ohrid, stated condition is in accor- from 17 to 22 January, 2010, dance with the provisions from within the cooperation involving the Vienna Document 1999. Ministry of Defence of Republic 11 Zoran Janakievski of Macedonia, the US Embassy in our country and the US De- fence Institute of International LEADERSHIP AND Legal Studies. MILITARY LEADERSHIP 60 officers and civilians from: CHARACTERISTICS Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ro- period. This exercise will be manovo Municipality Council, Vik- "Leadership in General and mania, Turkey, Slovakia, Serbia, held from October 24 to No- tor Cvetkovski, the Commander Military Leadership Character- Slovenia, Montenegro, Croatia vember 3, 2010, in the Military of the Third Infantry Brigade, istics" is the title of the book and the USA participated in the Range "Krivolak", in the Train- Colonel Vladimir Bojmacaliev, whose author is Brigadier Gen- seminar. It is important to em- ing Centre "Pepelishte", in the the representative from Joint eral M.A. Dimche Petrovski. phasise that the key personnel barracks "Ilinden" in Skopje and Operations Command, Lieuten- The launching ceremony was from ARM members preparing "Jane Sandanski" in Shtip and ant Colonel Toni Stojanovski, the held in the barracks "Jane San- to go on a peace operations in at the Airport "Petrovec". presidents from the ORORM danski" in Shtip, in the atten- Afghanistan participated in the The military exercise "Balkan organizational units from Kisela dance of Deputy Minister of seminar as well. Star 2010", by the number of Voda (Nikola Gjurovski), from Defence Emil Dimitriev, Briga- Professors from the USA and personnel and participation Chair (Dushko Bojchovski), from dier General Kiro Galazovski, Macedonia, as well as experts of land and air force compo- Gazi Baba (Dushko Naskovski), Prof. Dr. Gjorgji Malkovski, part from MOD were presenters of nent is the biggest and the the national hero Vladimir Todo- of the mayors from the area of the seminar appropriate topics. most complicated exercise so rovski's nephew, as well as the responsibility, high military and At the seminar, among other, far carried out with the ARM Karposh's comrade from the civilian guests and the media. was discussed about the global units, and 1200 ARM soldiers "Orce Nikolov" battalion, Kraljo "In order to write this book it is warfare change, counter-insur- will participate in it. Miloshevski. necessary to have knowledge gency operations, international The conference and the work- At the opening of this cer- shops were opened and led emony, the President of OOE by the director of the exercise, of ORORM in Kumanovo and Colonel Mitre Stojanov. Lieu- member of the Executive Board tenant Colonel Gjoko Maksimov of the ORORM Assembly, Ra- is responsible for the complete domir Karevski, addressed the preparation of the activities attendants. After that, the his- arising from NATO level evalua- torian Bogdan Tanevski spoke tions and self-evaluation level 2 about Hristijan Todorovski – Kar- with the evaluation team. posh's biography. Z.J. Zhivko Trajanovski 14 WONDERS GERMANY OF NAZI SUPERWEAPONS THAT "FROZE THE BLOOD" OF THE ALLIES ermany versus the world. In the for- ders of World War II, highly sophisticated had dazzling power. It is logical to con- ties of the last century, one of the weapons which, if put into mass use, clude that the increased propaganda in darkest periods of human history, would have fully changed the outcome of Germany, especially after 1943 when the this thought was the undisputed the war. Nazi began to undergo severe damages truth. The second big war, initiated by the and losses on battlefields, tried to beau- dictatorial regime of Nazi Germany, clear- NEW POWERFUL WEAPONS: tify the facts related to the development ly noted that the technological superi- REALITY OR FICTION? of these weapons. Despite this, the ority of an army is one of the essential Immediately after the end of WWII, the facts show that Nazi Germany since the factors for rapid and effective removal of terrible German weapons that were spo- start of the war was in a major techno- clearly established state boundaries at ken for some time were the focal point logical advantage over the allied forces. the time. On one occasion the notorious of interest for many scientists, but also Hitler, however, very successfully used Adolf Hitler, addressing his army said, the world's highest-circulation magazines the evident technological superiority for "We have unbeatable aircrafts and sub- and tabloids that were the final destina- presenting Germany in an even more marines, colossal tanks and cannons, tion of many rumors and assumptions. frightening light and for provoking even unimaginably powerful rockets and But the question which occupied every- greater fear among the allied forces than bomb whose destructive power will sur- one whether they were really incred- the power of the Nazi weapons. One prise the entire world ... We only have to ible weapons in process of production, example is the occupation of the castle wait these weapons to be completed." remained open. However, we must not Eben Emael (Belgium), where on a great Here, we will introduce the German won- forget titanic Goebbels machinery which surprise to the Allies, the Crooked Cross 15 was raised after only 24 hours of the invasion of this Western Euro- pean country. Hitler linked it with the use of the new German super weapon called Angriffsmittel, for which no information was publi- cized at that time. It was later re- vealed that the weapon was not even a little more sophisticated than a typically explosive charge. But Hitler's words had completed their task. Allies were really afraid of the new Nazi super weapons. A-BOMB OF THE THIRD REICH Astonishing, but true. The pow- erful Nazi machinery, according to all data, had a dead heat with the United States in the field of development of the atom bomb. which is only 0.7% of the natural equivalent to uranium 235", and However, the interest of en- Photo on uranium-238 is million times more hereinafter a description is given ergy released by the separation explosive than conventional ex- PaGe 15 (cover about the creation of the par- of ions of uranium began even plosives. Even more interesting PaGe Photo) ticularly important chain reaction. before the war - in 1938. Two is that it says that the nuclear vertIcal lIft- "When the element 94 is placed scientists, Otto Hahn and Fritz reactor can be used for creation off – ba 349 in one location, such as a bomb, Shtrassmann, were the first wit- of plutonium, which can also be "natter" most of the neutrons produced nesses of the process of nuclear used as nuclear fuel. According by nuclear fission will be those fission, and then Lise and Otto to the report, the critical mass to 1. one of the that will enable a continuous fis- Meitner Frich explained the theo- create this type of weapon was MoSt faScI- sion process." It is "de facto" the retical mechanism of the process estimated to 10-100 kg, which cor- natInG nazI way a plutonium bomb works. and pointed out the high energy responded to the assumption by ProjectS the that is released at that point. the American scientists (2-100 kg). WITCH HUNT OR ...? Some information says it was flyInG DISc Another document that confirms (ufo) Besides all found drawings and the achievements of German sci- the thesis that the German scien- reports of the German Army and entists that were blasting cap to tists knew about the composition scientists, the basic question start the joint program to create 2. the fIrSt and the manner, in which pluto- remains - did the Nazi have in an atomic bomb, first by the Brit- nium was used, was found in the jet In the their hands the most destructive ish TUBE ALLOYS project, and archives of the Soviet Union. It is worlD – weapon, or did they have a func- then through the famous project an initial version of the patent by he-176 tional atomic bomb? known as MANHATTAN. the scientist Von Veinsacker from The answer to this probably is 1941 which clearly indicates that 3. he-162 "yes". Adolf Hitler had in his ar- KNOWLEDGE = POWER he knew exactly how to use the senal an atom bomb, but it was The basic question is: How much plutonium (in this case it is called 4. the re- primitive and difficult to adjust did German scientists know about element 94). "Manufacturing MaInInG of for air discharge. The information the process of creating the bomb? the element 94 in large enough the natter'S said that nuclear tests were car- Several authors carrying out the quantities is best to be done by ried out at the end of WWII on an tests in the years after World War fIrSt un- a uranium machine, i.e. a nuclear SucceSSful island in the Baltic Sea called Ru- II concluded that the scientist reactor. Hence the element 94 gen and on mainland, about 100 Heisenberg and his colleagues flIGht " can in a very easy chemical way km south of Berlin in dense for- failed to understand the process be isolated from the uranium", is est. According to some sources, of the atomic bomb function. written in the patent. Von Vein- although those Hitler bombs did This is claimed in the survey con- sacker clarifies that this plutonium not have the destructive power of ducted by the U.S. Army called can be used for creating a power- "the little boy" and "the fat man" "ALSO S - studies of the creation ful bomb as well. "If we take into even close, several hundred peo- of the German Bomb". The same account what the ratio of energy ple from concentrate camps died statement is outlined in the book per unit mass is , this explosive as a result of performing these "Heisenberg and Nazi Atomic is ten million times more power- tests in their near surroundings. Bomb Project, 1939-1945", sup- ful than any other explosives, or However, the world was a wit- plemented by the opinion that the main problem was keeping the chain reaction in which fast neutrons emitted by uranium or plutonium nucleus cause a fission reaction. It said that the Germans failed to find out that the pluto- nium which is produced in the pro- cess of obtaining uranium can be used as nuclear fuel. However, the overall information is absolutely contradictory. Namely, in Febru- ary 1942, officials from the Ger- man Army responsible for weap- ons development described the progress of the uranium project in a report called "Getting energy from uranium", which was discov- ered in the penultimate decade of the XX century. The report clearly states that pure uranium-238 16 ness to a great nuclear explosion by Nazi a height of 12.400 m, while in horizontal the allied forces' attacks. But that does Germany. This is likely due to not only flight it reached a speed of 2000km/h, not mean that the fighter was not suf- the large initial successes by the German which was a great success at that time. ficiently powerful. On the contrary, it Army on all battlefields but also the short According to the English historian Henry showed excellent results. In 1944 Cap- time for development of such a terrifying Stevens, there were 15 prototypes which tain Oleinic near Leipzig managed to hit weapon when they found that the war had propellers on the bottom part and four Allied bombers just with one Me- changed the course in favor of the Allies. jet openings on all sides of the rotating 163 B in less than five minutes. Some of disk. However, so far there have been no the remaining projects that caused fear "frozen" boMb data that flying objects were used on the among opponents which are worthy to Certain information show that Hitler and battlefield, and the main reasons behind be mentioned are He-162 (construction his associates were interested in creating that are the lack of necessary materials started on September 24, 1944, and the a bomb whose effect is quite opposite of for construction, engineering problems first test flights in December the same that of conventional weapons. The inter- and major successes of the allied military year reached a speed of 840 km / h), Ba- est was focused on a bomb whose ther- forces on the battlefields. 8-349 and certainly, Ba-349 A (also called mal indicators were endothermic, that NATER or BELOUSHKA). is with a detonation would be released FIRST JET PLANE extremely low rather than high tempera- Achievements of Nazi technology can "BELOUSKA" ATTACKS ture. The main objective of such a bomb clearly be recognized in the construction Hunters of the type Ba-349 A (NATER) - instantly freezing a large area of land of of conventional aircraft as well. Namely, were really interesting, especially for the about 1.5 km, which quickly and effectively Professor Ernest Heinkel even since the materials used in the construction. Name- would destroy all living creatures on that mid 30's of last century began with the ly, they were constructed of wood and territory which, in turn can quickly return elaboration of jet and rocket engines and steel plates with low quality. The overall to its original condition. Despite the great their application in new types of aircraft. process of preparation of a fighter took advantages of this bomb, no actions His He-176 was the first jet plane in the only 60 hours, which is a very short time. were taken nor the initial tests that would world that made the first flight under Its fuselage, which resembled the rockets show the possibility of its construction. the command of the pilot Erich Varsic on of the type V-1 (and "fired" similarly), had But certain information discovered a de- June 20, 1939. With his He-76 he achieved four rockets that "burned" for 10 seconds cade after the war say that the Soviets a speed of 850 km/h, which was almost and with a rocket engine developed a owned all reports pertaining to such a twice faster than any aircraft in that time. speed of 800km/h. The firing power of bomb that failed to some extent to be The excellent achievements continued the "beloushka" was respectable as well. developed and tested. with the aircraft of the type He-178 which The fighter with the help of radar was led in tests on August 28 that year reached a to its target which was attacked by the nazI flyInG objectS speed of 700 km/h. The concepts of spe- pilot manually. A battery with 24 rockets According to the facts in the period after cific aircraft with delta-wings were usually with a small range for firing at air targets World War II the most unidentified flying attributed to Alexander Lippisch, who in was placed on top of the front part of the objects were observed so far. Although 1939 constructed the Me-163 A, fighter- hunter. Considering the results, Ba-349 A many really believe that extraterrestrial bomber which on May 10, 1941 flew for the fulfilled three of the four conditions set beings frequently visit our planet, there first time and managed to reach a speed by the Fuehrer (speed, power, low price), is another logical, and yet little known of nearly 1000 km/h. The name of Lippisch but failed the basic requirement - safety. Aircraft operation was seen as follows: after the attack, in a secure area, the pilot was supposed to loosen the front part of the bearings carrying the four rockets and leave the plane. The pilot, the bear- ings and fuselage were planned to land safely. But the first flight (February 1945), although the pilot Lothar Cyber success- fully started the engine and quickly took off at an altitude of 150 m, the roof of the cockpit opened after which his neck broke under the power of air pressure. The plane was completely destroyed. In terms of production, in April the same year, there were ten NATERS stationed in Kirgheim that were destroyed by their own pilots, and the remaining four stationed else- where, three ended up in the hands of the Americans and one with the Soviets. To be continued Ivan Petrushevski explanation. One of the most bizarre was associated with the creation of the weapons that should have brought the so-called "flying triangles" as DM-1, which last and decisive blow to the Allied Army due to the neo-orthodox appearance was was the flying disk. The main task of believed to be able to develop tremen- the Nazi creation was re-conquest of the dous speed. It is interesting to mention European sky. The information on this that one of the DM-1 prototypes was lost aircraft is really scarce, but it is known on the territory of the United States. that the disk should have had the char- Since Hitler's main objective in 1944 was acteristics that would easily reach an to halt enemy's attacks on the German indicated aim. It is said on February 14, territory, he focused on the development 1945 near Prague, the German designers of aircraft fighters. They developed the Schrivers and Habermehl went in the air Messerschmitt Me-163 B, which was the in a strange aircraft whose base was a successor of the Me-163 A, a fighter that large ring that could spread and retract, really promised a lot in 1941. Maximum and it also revolved around the cockpit speed of the hunter was 965 km/h, and which was in the shape of a dome. The the ascending speed was excellent three characteristics of this aircraft were as- kilometers per minute. 364 hunters were tonishing as well as frightening. In just built from the B version of this unusual three minutes the spacecraft reached aircraft; however, it was too little to stop 17 RIFLE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY AUTOMATIC RIFLE MODEL M21 small but professional and trained an integral part of the automatic rifle - the is made from quality plastic in matte black army, as the ARM should become front "wooden" coating is replaced with a and equipped with a rubber pad to place on with the transformation, requires not plastic (polymer) one, but only the lower the shoulder of the shooter (which can be only a certain number of soldiers. The coating, i.e. the front stock. As in older removed when necessary) to amortize the most important element is certainly models, there is no upper coating, so the recoil of the grenade launcher. the training course, but if it has already lower coating is extended in order to pro- This rifle is equipped with a below-barrel been done (despite the fact that no train- tect the shooter from contact with the grenade launcher GP-40. For a long time ing happens only once and lasts forever, heated parts of the rifle (barrel and gas cyl- in the region of former Yugoslavia the but it is a continuous process that must be inder). It is open on the top, which allows "supplement for rifle grenades" ruled, al- repeated periodically); however, it requires better cooling. What makes it interesting though the original Soviet rifle that was equipment which the soldiers of the ARM (a "quantum leap" for the traditional rifles an example of the automatic rifle M-70, will use to perform their tasks. The trans- by Zastava), and what makes it a platform was equipped with a below-barrel gre- formation of the ARM into a professional for upgrading, is the "Picatinny" rail. nade launcher. The advantage of this gre- army brought a number of novelties, espe- This model has an optical sight OS-21 as a nade launcher is that it is easily mounted, cially in the field of engineering and arma- basic sight which is mounted in a traditional doesn't need a grenade launcher bullet ment, adequate for serving such an army. way - the rail on the left side of the rifle, while and thereby shortens the time to pre- What we are dealing with here is arma- on the carrier of the optical sight there is a pare for action, it does not require a gre- ment. Thus, we will mention the automatic "Picatinny" rail where a number of accesso- nade launcher supplement which must M-21 5.56 mm caliber rifle. The rifle with ries from western origin that ARM owns as be turned to the mouth of the barrel to its "first and second name" (automatic rifle laser markers can be mounted like day-night mount a rifle grenade. The assembling it- M-21 5.56 mm) introduces "the rifle for the sights and tactical lights, etc. They are lighter self is very easy and quick - it is put on an 21st century," but basically it is the good and more efficient than similar older models existing carrier for the bayonet under the old Kalashnikov, adapted in Zastava fac- that are designed for these rifles. Another barrel. Grenade launcher is a separate and tory, through the experiences from the change is the fitting of a stock to overlap on complete system and there is no need to models produced by Zastava with a 7.62 the side, already checked with the "sister" add a sight (as with M-95) or to open a gre- mm and 5.56 mm caliber. It was produced rifle that is an example of M-21, and that is nade launcher sight (as with M-70), but it is in Yugoslavia based on the rifle from the the Israeli "Galil". When the stock is open, it equipped with its own sight device that al- same factory with 5.56 mm caliber. Its de- offers greater stability and acts as fixed, un- lows aiming directly and indirectly. Also, velopment begins several years after the like with some older models (for example, breakup of SFR Yugoslavia so that it was M-70 AB2).It developed in somewhat more difficult con- ditions and with a reduced budget. The rifle kept its old principle of borrowing gunpowder gases, the way of decelerating the bullets in the barrel and everything else that makes Kalashnikov or the automatic rifles of Zastava long-lasting (provided they are maintained), durable and func- tional in all conditions. The barrel is made of chromium and the wood is no longer 18 regardless of the mechanism to trigger serious piece of weapon that corresponds have the same option on the left side. This the gun, the grenade launcher is equipped to the western competitors because of is one point of merging. Another point is with its own mechanism for triggering and the upgrading possibility. However, the when an electronic device is mounted on a trigger. first steps by Zastava in this direction, the upper part of the carrier, that is, on the This is a huge advantage over the grenade (adapting to western type) are not and "Picatinny" rail. launcher mindset: with the rifle grenade, a may not be final because when the M-21 Hence, in order to mount, for example, a grenade launcher sight must be erected is equipped with a grenade launcher and laser target marker, its accuracy should or set, to insert the grenade launcher bul- optical sight it pays of "the weigh debt". depend on the quality and firm positioning let, to turn the grenade launcher supple- When fully equipped, it is not an easy rifle of the laser marker on the "Picatinny" rail ment (the carrier where the mine is put) and it is not suitable for everyone. Possi- which, in turn, through the carrier must be - this is only possible with action by the bly, there should be a little more "plastic" well positioned on the rifle. These are two grenade launcher mine or the magazine where unnecessary metal is placed, for ex- potential "links" that with extended usage ammunition depending on how ready the ample, the fire regulator is classical on one may be loosened thus affecting the preci- rifle is, but this preparation or transition side and a lever is added on the side which sion, unlike the rail which is directly mount- requires a certain time which the soldier should be grasped and moved in a desired ed on the rifle. does not have on the battlefield or may position, but it is slightly harder to handle Another challenge is the high position and even cost lives. -- it still needs more force to be moved, the position of the carrier where you can On the other hand, the under-barrel gre- and it is not that accurate; thus, there is a mount only one device at a time, and that nade launcher allows parallel smooth ac- possibility to mispossition from "locked" to interferes the aiming line, unless it is a day tion of the ammunition from the grenade magazine or no need for preparation for the bullet-to-grenade transition. Conse- CALIBER AND BULLET .5.56mm/5.56Х45 NАТО quently, this is called "a quantum leap" primarily in military leaders' opinion who BARREL 375 mm length, 4 grooves and 4 fields with a expect their soldiers to gain advantage screw to the right with step 1 / 7 (177,8 mm) on the battlefield. Another novelty is the RIFLE WEIGHT 3.8 kg mechanical sight. The front is retained, but the rear tangent sliding sight was unnec- LENGTH WITH EXTENDED STOCK 915 mm essarily removed and a rather odd sight LENGHT WITH COLLAPSED STOCK 666 mm was introduced composed of two plates, for 300 and 500 meters, which offers no INITIAL SPEED 890 m/s security. It is equipped with tritium sights in lower visibility ("lower visibility" is delib- MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE 500 m erately mentioned because aiming at night FIRING VELOSITY up to 680 rounds per minute is impossible unless a target silhouette is seen through enlighten tritium front and rear mechanical sight). However, the rear sight is sufficient for action up to 300 m, a distance which may not be a problem for any automatic rifle today. On the other hand, the 21 optical sight offers accurate aiming. MODERN PLATFORM M-21 5.56 is an automatic rifle that allows successful action against the enemy force with caliber 5.56 mm NATO (5.56 X 45 SS- 109), with an effective range up to 600 m with an optical sight, and 300 m by me- chanical sight. It uses a front and rear me- chanical integral sight, as well as an optical sight which can be mounted or removed depending on the need. Concerning ma- terial technical equipment without armor, "burst fire" instead of "single fire" because or night-vision optical sight. Consequently, vehicles and infantry in the open or in shel- the commands are placed in the same di- when we mount a tactical light planned ters and behind barriers, it uses an under- rection. The American M-4, for example, for the "Picatinny" rail, or a laser or infra- barrel grenade launcher GP-40, which fires has commands which are much easier and red marker, the aiming is obstructed. By 40 mm grenades and a successful action more accurate for handling because the adding these devices, the shooter loses up to 400 meters. This GP-40 launches de- regulator rotates and is precisely placed in the balance of the rifle by moving the ac- structive, flammable, cumulative, smoke the desired position, unlike the "noisy" fire tual gravity thus making the suitable rifle and practice grenades. regulator with the automatic rifle Kalash- holding difficult, so we should be careful in The rifle is fed with a 30-round two-row nikov, M-21 in this case. Another unfortu- choosing optoelectronic devices and their magazine. The fire regulator enables single nate solution has already been mentioned position or where they would be mounted fire and burst in locked position. about the rear mechanical sight. Although on the rifle. Due to the specific "galil" design, the rifle the optical sight can "save the day" with And finally, M-21 is designed for the sol- is attractive to the eye, especially for pri- its simplicity and efficiency (it provides ac- dier-fighter. Experience has shown and vate security agencies which use it in Iraq curate aiming up to 600 meters); however, proven that the ideas for solution to cer- or Afghanistan. It takes a special place the main sight for infantry armament is tain problems in armament should always in the ARM arsenal since it made a huge still the mechanical sight and as such it be sought from end users because it is step towards the modern way of thinking must provide accurate aiming. The 300 intended for them. The ARM owns these concerning the needs of the soldier on the and 500-meter levers provide an almost rifles in its arsenal of weapons in the most battlefield because it satisfies the basic unusable aiming device that is not adjust- elite part of the Army. M-21 with upgrad- needs, and has options for adaptation and able, for example, M-4 Commando "(we ing options in the hands of professional upgrading according to the needs. This is will introduce it in one of the following is- members is a sufficient argument for car- the first time a rifle is acquired that will sues). The automatic rifle has 5 locations rying out complex tasks in the country or serve not only "the right shoulder" and " of "Picatinny" rail where anything can be in the missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. weapon knife" and keep up with modern mounted, but it also carries a rear diopter Traditional endurance of this type of arms technology. sight with additional equipment for aiming renders hope that M-21 will show good re- distances from 200 to 600 meters. Anoth- sults in the hands of the people who are in EXPERIENCES OF M 21 er weak point is the position of the "Pica- charge of the security of Macedonia and M-21 rifle has been used in missions in Iraq tinny" rail. The optical sight carrier carries its interests. where it satisfied the needs of the mem- the rail as well. It slides in the rail, the same bers of the Macedonian Army as a first way as with the old Zastava models which Zoran Krstevski 19 SMALL, BUT POWERFUL Photo: Luhai Wong AIR FORCE OF SINGAPORE ingapore is one of the small- CONTINUOUS 1. the en- The presentation of the next gen- est city-countries in the world, MODERNIZATION trance of eration fighter plane is taken into right after Monaco and the One of the basic characteristics the School consideration. Singapore joined Vatican which gained its in- of a well-established Air Force is In auStralIa the design and development proj- dependence on 9 August its permanent modernization. In ect for F-35 Joint Strike Fighter in 1965. Pressed between Indone- 1994, RSAF started with a mod- 2. flyInG In February 2003. Its delivery is not sia and Malaysia with its 710 km² ernization program for its fleet of expected before 2015, but it was (for illustration only Macedonia is about forty operational F-5E and PaIr – Pc-21 necessary to replace Skyhawk by 25,713 km²) and population about F-5F aircrafts. The superstructure froM rSaf 2007. Twenty F-16D-52+ were de- 5 million, Singapore in terms of was realized by ST Aero Singa- anD an auS- livered to the 145th squadron in the economic is one of the most pore Technologies Aerospace, tralIan Pc-9 the beginning of July 2004. powerful countries in the region of and the respectively super struc- The competitive Eurofighter Ty- South Eastern Asia. In these sur- tured aircrafts were marked as phoon, AMD-BA Rafale, Saab/ roundings, in order to keep its sov- F-5C and F-5T and operated from BAE Gripen, F/A-18E Super Hor- ereignty and economic stability, the Air Force Base Paya Lebar. net, Boeing F-15T, Sukhoi Су35 и Singapore was forced to establish Tanking in the air for the planes F-16C/D-block60 have tried to sat- a highly powerful defense system F-16 and F-5 is carried out by four isfy the need for additional eigh- and at the same time one of the KC-135P. The AEW&C- Airborne teen to twenty-four aircrafts. F-15T most presentable air forces in Earls Warning and Control was (before Rafale) was chosen in Sep- the world. Singapore has a highly presented even in 1987 when four trained and equipped military air E-2C Hawkeyes were delivered to force founded only three years af- the 111th squadron while the coast ter gaining its independence on 1 surveillance is secured by five Fok- September 1968. The spine of this ker-50 in the Maritime Patrol con- little island's air force is composed figuration. of modern F-16C/D (Fighting Fal- The land forces support program con Block) 52/52+. Due to its small started when Singapore ordered geographical area, the Military Air eight fighter helicopters Apache Force (RSAF-Republic of Singapore AH-64D Longbow and after a Air Force) is looking for overseas lo- long period of negotiations about cations in order to operate with its getting the satisfactory radar complete stock of aircrafts. With AN/APG 68 Longbow, the first F-16 Fighting Falcon, F-15SG Strike helicopter was delivered in May Eagle, AX-64D Apache and some 2002. Additional twelve helicop- CX-47SD Chinook displaced in the ters were ordered in 2001 even USA, Marchetti C-211, Pilatus PC-21 before the delivery of the previ- and Puma helicopters in Australia ously ordered helicopters, thus and A-4 Super Skyhawk in France, RSAF right now has its twenty a significant part of its Air Force is fighter helicopters which were outside Singapore. based in the USA until 2008. 20 tember 2005 and the delivery started in the coast and the maritime Singapore where together with the National Guard 2008. lines, and the 145th squadron provided of the US they perform missions oper- Analyzing the activities of its neighbors, with the modern F-16D BLK52+. ating the Chinook helicopters. Singapore is planning and directing its Sembawang Air Base was founded as a The advanced training for jet planes is sta- activities as well. Thus, soon after find- base to support the British Navy for serv- tioned in France. A detachment with 18 ing out that Malaysia had modernized its ing the aircrafts from their carriers. Anti- planes A4-SU Super Skyhawk and about MiG-29 and supplied Bsmpel P-77 mis- Aircraft Defense Command of Singapore 200 personnel have been stationed in Ca- siles, Singapore ordered 100 pieces of took over this base in 1971 and it has been zaux Base since June 1998. AIM-120. We can mention the rumors that an Air Base for helicopters since 1983. The Aircrafts of Singapore are displaced in Israel had already delivered to Singapore following squadrons are placed on this three bases in Australia. The nursery for its "air-to-air" missiles from the fourth base, 120th squadron provided with the pilots for this powerful air force is also generation Python-4, and the project was fighter helicopters AH-64D Apache, 123rd there. Selection of pilots is realized in Tam- supplemented with the installation of the squadron provided with light helicopter worth where ten flying instructors have HDMS system and sensors DASH-3 set for training purposes and surveillance, lived together with their families on the up in F-16 cockpit. AS-550 Fennec, 125th squadron whose base since 1999. After that, the training task is search and rescue provided with continues in Pearce Base in Perth where AIR FORCE BASES Super Puma helicopters; 126th squadron the 130th squadron is located equipped Despite its small territory, Singapore represents the majority of the helicopter with the planes S-211 and Pilatus PC-21 Air Force is mainly stationed in four Air fleet AC-532 Cougar whose task is search and completes its mission using the ex- Force Bases. The vicinity of the maximum and rescue as well as performing tactical cellent flying conditions and the favorable twelve-kilometer distance from one to an- tasks for the needs of the armed forces, climate. This is the Flight School of Sin- other take-off-landing track doesn't make and the 127th squadron authorized with gapore where candidates are trained by any problems in the coordination of the the transport of people and equipment the time they receive their pilot insignia. great number of aircrafts in the relatively for the army operating the Chinook heli- About 50 RSAF families are on the base small air space. copters. at this moment. The 126th squadron with The Air Force Base "Tengah Air Base", its Cougars is in Queensland Base at the founded by Great Britain in 1932 as Air FORCES OUTSIDE THE BORDERS Army Aviation Center-"Oakes". Force support to the base "Sembawang", Due to the limited air space and with an RSAF participates in many international became a Royal Military Air Force Base aim to maintain a high degree of training missions and tasks and carries out short- in 1939 and it has constantly been super and combat preparedness of the person- term missions with its detachments. Such structured ever since in order to satisfy nel, Singapore is forced to "spread its as the missions in Bangladesh, Thailand, the needs of more and more sophisticat- wings" in the overseas countries as well. Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia. ed aircrafts. Aircrafts E2C, F-16 and A4SU, In that way, in addition to the well-estab- operate from this base, displaced in the lished foundations of mutual understand- PRIDE OF RSAF 111th, 140th and 143rd squadron. ing and cooperation, the long-time his- 1973, although it was only their fifth an- The Military Base "Paya Lebar" started tory and experience in the Air Force of the niversary, is a special year and basis for functioning in 1955 as a civil airport and host countries are also enriching the host the history of RSAF because of the debut twelve years later it was transformed into countries; Australia, France and the USA of the first acrobatic group of Singapore- a military base and it is used for serving are hosts of the Singaporean program for "Black Knights". Since then, the "Black military flights for passenger transporta- long-lasting detachments. Knights" have been a symbol of Singa- tion and cargo transportation, charter The cooperation with the USA started porean Air Force and are a synonym for flights of the Ministry of Defense and in 1988 with the Peace Carvin (PC) pro- a spectacular performance, close forma- foreign military aircrafts. It has been a gram which ended in 1990, and program tion and great speed. The progress of the completely military airport since 1981 and PC II started in 1993 and it is still go- "Black Knights" went in tandem with the aircrafts C-130 Hercules and F-5 Tiger II ing on. This program enables the 425th technological development and started have operated from this airport, displaced combat squadron from Luke Air Force from the formation of four Hawker Hunt- in the 122nd, 141st, 144th and 149th squad- Base, Arizona, and performs its mis- er in the 70-ties to the formation of six ron. sions operating the planes F-16. For planes, flying the pride of the domestic "Changi Air Base" has been the biggest that purpose there are 130 members military industry, the super structured A- transport base in the region since WWII of RSAF together with their families. In 4SU Super Skyhawk. In 2000, this team which became a civil airport after its 2009, the 428th combat squadron in became the first acrobatic group that reconstruction in 1975. One more take- Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, flew two different types of planes in a off-landing runway was opened in 2004 was reactivated and it is equipped with joint formation flying A-4SU and F-16. In which divided the airport into two parts; , the last enforcement of RSAF planes 2008, on the occasion of their fortieth western and eastern complex. The follow- F-15SG Strike Eagle. The Training De- anniversary, the "Black Knights" showed ing aircrafts operate from this base now; tachment with KS-135 is placed in the themselves in a new light at the Singa- the 112th squadron provided with four McConnell AFB in Kansas. One hundred pore Airshow 2008, one of the top three tankers KC-35P, 121st squadron whose and fifty members of RSAF with their Airshows in the world. The new "Black mission is surveillance and protection of families are in Texas, Grand Prairie Base Knights" were flying in a formation of six F-16C Fighting Falcon, in their national red and white color. Borce Manev 21 ALWAYS A STEP AHEAD BASIC SKILLS QUALIFICATION COURSE FOR PERFORMING RANGER OPERATIONS he basic skills qualification course for performing ranger operations is designed for qualifying all the new enlisted members of the Special Operations Regiment of ARM. The duration of the course is six months and during that time there is training in all the necessary skills for performing com- bat operations, starting with small unit tactics, urban combat tactics, alpinism, parachuting, as well as infantry weapons training and shooting, topography train- ing, signals, medical training and training in mines and explosives. We have recently visited the Macedonian "Rangers" on the army area "Krivolak", where they were trained in mastering the ranger skills. As always, with utmost discipline and responsibility, fully profes- sional, they all worked as one. Every member of the unit was devoted to ex- ecuting the assignments of their forma- tion duty in the unit. The task of every "ranger" is clear and simple - gaining the necessary knowledge and skills of the mission of the unit. "The more you give, the more you try and devote yourself, the less the risk of unwanted consequences when you face some real situation during some combat actions, regardless of whether it is a training activity or a peace support operation", stated, among the rest, in his analysis, the Commander of the Special Operations Regiment, Colonel Zoran Dodevski, who during our visit, was in- specting the execution of the ranger 22 course, but were also a few mem- bers of the "Wolves" in the units. InStructorS – eXPerIenceD ranGerS The course begins by individual training where every individual is assessed to see the specialty they have affinities, tendencies or previ- ous knowledge. In accordance with it, the formation is created and ev- ery individual is being appointed formation duty in the course. After the basic training, the formation is made into classic ranger platoons and the training continues with small units tactical training and ur- ban combat training. The course is being conducted by instructors of the unit - experi- The raid is a tactical combat pro- als and technical means that can enced rangers that have previously cedure composed of three ele- be of help in the further combat 1, 2, anD 3. finished this kind of courses in the ments: element for security, ele- actions in gaining more informa- country or abroad, usually in the raID IS a bat- tle tactIcS ment for support and element tion concerning the enemy. US Army, which is a benchmark for attack. The function of the ele- In a real combat situation, strictly in the execution of this course in MaDe uP of 3 DIStInct ment for security is to prevent the following the standard operat- the ARM. One of them is Captain approaching and entery of the en- ing procedure, the members of Nikola Vasilev, Course Commander eleMentS: to Secure, emy forces into the building and the Special Operations Regiment and our host during the visit. to direct the people inside the raid demonstrated this complex and The course itself is composed of SuPPort building, to prevent the escape responsible combat procedure. five stages. First stage is individ- anD attacK of the people inside to which the The tactical procedure for raiding ual training where the individuals raid is carried out. The element of was conducted according to ex- are trained in signals, using first support fires upon the target and actly established procedure. The aid kit, mines and explosives, us- destructs it, while the element of personnel spread out around the ing means in topography and attack carries out detailed search building, than the security was navigation and training in using of the building and captures all set, and after that the support the personal weapons and the the people found on the place and in the end the attack itself. collective weapons which is in who are not neutralized, than cap- The action was initiated by the the unit's structure. The second turing enemy documents, materi- support with an efficient open stage includes the small unit tac- fire, in order to direct the atten- tics, third stage refers to urban tion of the enemy on them, while combat, fourth stage - alpinism, the attack element moved for- a stage that can be completed ward on a round route, unnotice- earlier, depending on the weath- ably towards the building and on er conditions, and fifth and final a signal to cease the fire support, stage is the training in parachut- the attack happened on a short ing which is the crown of the range and they finished annihilat- training of this course. Upon fin- ing the enemy. Subsequently they ishing the course the personnel is captured all the significant mate- completely trained in carrying out rials and prepared to destroy ev- all combat actions of the unit of erything that the soldiers cannot the Special Operations Regiment take with them. About the techni- of the ARM. Then the personnel cal means which were large-sized, is appointed in combat teams an explosive was set and on a and in the other companies, in the previously agreed signal the ele- Rangers Battalion or in the Spe- ment for attack withdrew. Only cial Purposes Battalion, and they the specials in mines and explo- continue to carry out the other sives remained on the scene that combat assignments, like carry- was in charge of detonation. The ing out national and multinational element for support also with- exercises and assessment of the drew on the second agreed sig- declared units, followed by the nal, and on the third agreed signal participation in different exercises the security also withdrew and abroad and in missions and oper- the explosive was ignited. That ations carried out by the Army of was the finish of this combat pro- the Republic of Macedonia. cedure. The unit continues accord- ing to plan, regardless of whether raID In a buIlDInG that includes carrying out a sub- On the day of our visit, according sequent mission or exfiltration in to the plan and program of the their own lines. course, "the rangers" conducted That was the end of our time theme 20 of the small unit tac- together with the Macedonian tics - raid. It was conducted by "Rangers". They stayed on the one platoon of the ranger course. army area "Krivolak" and contin- The location was the winter camp ued to move forward in mastering 2 on "Krivolak". The instructors the remaining tasks of the course. passed on the mastered lessons to the new rangers. Z. Rizovski 23 FRUIT OF LONG PARTNERSHIP THE COMMANDER OF THE NATIONAL GUARD IN VERMONT, IN THE USA VISITED ARM ecently, a high delegation from ARM, Lieutenant General Miroslav 1. General the National Guard of Vermont, Stojanovski. In accordance with DubIe: we in the USA came to a three day General Duby's program he met have Great official visit to ARM and Repub- the President of Republic of Mace- reSPect lic of Macedonia. The delegation donia, Gjorgje Ivanov, the Minister towarD the was headed by the Commander of of Defense, Zoran Konjanovski, and MeMberS of the National Guard, Major General the director of the Center of Crisis the arMy of Michael Duby. Management, Pande Lazarovski. the rePublIc The aim of this visit to ARM was of MaceDonIa analyzing the possibilities of fur- a new, ther improving the cooperation DIfferent KInD of MISSIon 2. StreSSInG between the National Guard of Ver- At the meeting with the Chief of the IMPor- mont and ARM, and analyzing the Stuff of ARM, Lieutenant General tance of readiness of the contingent of ARM Miroslav Stojanovski, includiing the uPcoM- for its involvement in the upcoming other representatives of the Gen- InG joIneD joint mission ISAF in Afghanistan. eral Stuff and ARM, the guests MISSIon In Official host of the delegation from of Vermont were informed about afGhanIStan Vermont was the Chief of Stuff of the process of preparation of the 24 contingent of ARM for the upcoming joint tance of joint work in the upcoming new mission together with the members of the type of mission in Afghanistan. General National Guard of Vermont in the mission Duby said that it is important to mention ISAF in Afghanistan. the fact that in the upcoming joint Amer- "The new contingent of the ARM, which ican-Macedonian mission, Macedonian consists of stuff officers, one platoon of peacekeepers are going to be a comprising Military Police and from the Rangers bat- part of the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat talion, are going to be sent in Afghanistan, Team (Mountain), which is the only unit of at the end of March, on a little bit different that kind in the USA army. Consequently, mission than before, i.e. assisting and help- this fact gives the soldiers of ARM great ing in training Afghan Security Forces". honor as well as great responsibility. This was emphasized by the Chief of Stuff As a symbol of remembrances, the Com- of ARM, Lieutenant General Miroslav Sto- mander of the Special Operations Regi- janovski, after meeting the Commander ment of ARM, Colonel Zoran Dodevski, of the National Guard of Vermont, in the presented Major General Michael USA, Major General Michael Duby. Duby with a unit's testimonial of ap- The Chief of Stuff of ARM stressed that he preciation. In the name of the long was convinced that this contingent is ca- and fruitful years of cooperation pable enough to face the challenges of the between the USA and Macedonia, mission and justify the faith put in them. General Duby presented both com- He also said that 15 years of cooperation manders of the units whose soldiers between the National Guard in Vermont are going to take part in the upcom- and the ARM will be strengthened with ing mission, with tokens of grati- their joint involvement, because 79 sol- tude. diers from ARM, at the end of March, will After the ceremony everybody, be a part of the National Guard of Vermont including generals Duby and Sto- in the mission ISAF in Afghanistan. janovski, the peacekeepers from General Duby was amazed by the devel- both of the battalions, US Am- opment of the ARM and whole country bassador in the Republic of which has been achieved since his last visit Macedonia, Philip Riker, and in 1996. the commander of the Joint "The soldiers from ARM are respected Operations Command, Major more and more. Macedonian soldiers' General Zoran Dimov had reputation is widely known and well re- lunch together at the mass corded by their serving in the missions in hall in the military barracks Iraq and Afghanistan", said General Duby. "Ilinden". He expressed his great pleasure about the Editorial "SHTIT" cooperation so far. He is convinced that Macedonian and American soldiers can work together at these critical times for Afghanistan in the following 18 months. reaDy to face the challenGeS On the second day of their visit of ARM, the commander of the National Guard of Vermont, Major General Michael Duby visited the soldiers of ARM who are mem- bers of the contingent which is planned to be deployed together with the National Guard of Vermont in the Mission ISAF in Afghanistan. The Commander of the Joint Operations Command of ARM, Major Gen- eral Zoran Dimov, was the host at the visit of the delegation from Vermont, when they came to the military barracks "Ilinden" in Skopje. The members of the Rangers battalion and Military Police battalion did a demonstration exercise in front of the guests from Vermont. The demonstration exercise contained some of the activities from the training exercises they have been doing while they have been having their pre-deployment preparations for a mis- sion. General Duby could not but be satisfied with the degree of readiness and training of the soldiers of ARM demonstrated at the exercise. As a token of long lasting partnership, General Duby presented the commanders of both units with a testi- monial of appreciation from The National Guard of Vermont. After the demonstration exercise, there was an official ceremony attended by the commander of the National Guard of Vermont, Major General Michael Duby, the Chief of Stuff of ARM, Lieutenant General Miroslav Stojanovski, the US Ambassador in Republic of Macedonia, Philip Riker, and the members of the Macedonian contin- gent. In the speeches held at that occa- sion, the speakers emphasized the impor- 25 INVALUABLE EXPERIENCE WITH THE MACEDONIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN THE ISAF MIS- SION IN AFGHANISTAN formal ceremony was held in the bar- confidence is the fact that our soldiers have you welcome and to congratulate you on racks Mihailo Apostolski in Ohrid on the returned with a lot more than just simple your successful mission in Afghanistan. In occasion of the return of the last con- praise for a successfully completed mis- this mission you have proudly shown your tingent of the Army of the Republic of sion. I believe that it will be like this in the professionalism and readiness, as well as Macedonia from the peacekeeping mis- next period and we will continue achieving your humanity and solidarity. sion ISAF in Afghanistan. similar and greater successes", emphasized From the distant Afghanistan, as major keep- Expressing his satisfaction that all the Colonel Velichkovski. ers of the world peace, you have respectfully ARM members had returned home safe addressed the Macedonian peace message. and sound, the Chief of the General Staff RESPECTFULLY ADDRESSED In this mission each one of you has shown pointed out that the soldiers acquired new MACEDONIAN PEACE MESSAGE in practice the centuries-old Macedonian con- experiences which were invaluable for the On the occasion of the successfully com- tinuity in devotion and patriotism, in dignity preparation of the next contingents. "Once pleted mission, the Minister of Defense ad- and humanity, in ideas and sacrifice. more in a real environment, in international dressed a letter to the ARM members of I was assured in all of this during my last surroundings and on a high risk mission, the peacekeeping mission ISAF in Afghani- visit in Afghanistan in October, when we all the members of the ARM have shown stan who returned to the Republic of Mace- together celebrated the Day of the Macedo- that they are competitive in the context donia where he stated, "Dear peacekeep- nian Revolutionary Struggle. As a Minister of of skill, knowledge and professionalism. ers, with great respect and pleasure, from Defense I was happy that I was with you, They have once again in the best possible the same place from where we sent you but at the same time I was also especially way affirmed not only ARM and everything off seven months ago, I would like to wish proud of the words of praise which I heard which means a step forward in the reform processes, but also as ambassadors of our fatherland have affirmed the Republic of Macedonia on an international level", stated General Stojanovski. He expressed his expectation that the ARM peacekeep- ers serving at this moment in Afghanistan and the other places where the Republic of Macedonia is contributing for improving the general security will achieve the same, even better results. The Commander of the Second Mecha- nized Infantry Brigade, Colonel Metodija Ve- lichkovski, speaking with military language, reminded that every military assignment is successfully done if the people and the material-technical means return from where they departed for within the anticipated time. "What makes us especially proud to- day after carrying out the analysis of the performed task and what raises our self- 26 from Commander McCrystal about you, as well as from our friends from the NATO Alliance. And that is why, I told you in Afghanistan: You are the heroes of your profession! You are worthy followers of all Macedonian ARM peacekeeping generations. You are an example for all future Macedo- nian peacekeepers. With all of this, you obligate us to further devot- edly work in the interest of the ARM members and to continue to enable you to show your readiness in prac- tice. At the end, I would like to once again congratulate you on your suc- cessful mission, to you and of course to your families, with assurance that you can always depend on our sup- port. Allow me once again to thank you for making me feel proud". The Army of the Republic of Mace- hands of the new commander of the am referring to their families. To the donia participated in the seventh 2. arM'S Macedonian contingent- FP Coy of new contingent I would like to tell rotation in the peacekeeping mission chIef of ISAF HQ in Kabul, Afghanistan. them that I believe in their capabili- ISAF in the period from July 2009 General The flag of the Commander of the ties, I don't doubt their support and to January this year with its mecha- Staff: the Macedonian contingent, Major Blaze I'm convinced that we will accomplish nized infantry brigade. In that period MeMberS of the arM Nikoloski, was handed over by the another successful mission." 149 "leopards", together with the old- Deputy Commander of the Second est national representative and three once aGaIn ShoweD Mechanized Infantry Brigade, Colonel TRADITIONAL staff officers were disposed at the Blagoj Iliev, who said, "I do hope and FRIENDSHIP CONFIRMED ISAF HQ in Kabul. The members of theIr SKIllS KnowleDGe believe that you will accomplish the Among the first contacts that the ARM carried out their assignments mission successfully and the people new Macedonian contingent had in within the contingent of the UK anD ProfeS- SIonalISM you have taken with you will come the mission ISAF and the first who Army for the past six months where back safe and sound to the Republic welcomed them with warm friendly their main task was providing force of Macedonia." salute were the members of the protection to the ISAF HQ in Kabul. "The flag of the Republic of Macedo- national support element for the In addition to this, the ARM peace- nia will be carried and kept with pride Turkish Army. Pleasantly surprised keepers in Kabul executed many and we will successfully accomplish by the fact that the Commander of other complex assignments such as the ISAF mission," underlined the the Macedonian contingent speaks patrolling and securing the military Commander of the Macedonian Turkish fluently as he attended the contingent, Major Blaze Nikolovski. Command-Staff Academy in the Re- Moreover, Colonel Blagoj Iliev ad- public of Turkey, our Turkish friends dressed the members of the previ- opened their doors for cooperation ous and the new contingent and of both armies, but the most impor- greeted the present guests from tant is the cooperation between the the superior command, the com- rapid response units that act in close mander of the battalion group for areas of responsibility. The Macedo- base support, the chiefs of sections nian delegation had a reception with and the representatives of the units the Turkish General, the Commander with whom the FP Coy cooperates of the Regional Center and the Com- on regular basis. mand of the City of Kabul, who Accepting the noble and responsible stressed that this kind of a meeting assignment, the new commander once again shows the close coopera- of the contingent, Major Blaze Niko- tion between the two countries and lovski, said " To the personnel from the two armies. Moreover, he said the previous contingent I recom- that the Macedonian contingent will mend to be proud of what they have have all information and all capacities done and in the next period to relax of the Turkish combat group at their and enjoy with the ones who took disposal with an aim to successfully the biggest burden on themselves complete their mission. because of their absence, and here I Zlatko Ordevski base and facilities of vital importance 1. 3. anD 4. for the population of Afghanistan, follow- providing combat force protection InG the of communications and regions and footStePS other assignments depending on the of theIrS mission requirements. colleaGueS For their immaculate and profession- – the Mace- al execution of the assignments, as DonIan well as the shown compatibility and flaG StanDS interoperability with the NATO forc- ProuD In Ka- es in the ISAF mission, the members bul for the of ARM received the highest grades 17th tIMe from the ISAF Command and the highest commanding structures MaceDonIan flaG flyInG In Kabul These days the Macedonian flag was flying for the seventeenth time in the 27 NON-COMMISSIONED ADVANCED EDUCATIO FOR OFICERS Advanced Course for Non-Commissioned Officers within the Croatian Army he Advanced Non-commis- in Split, and about air force and air 1. anD 4. the did. He has been posted in the sioned Officer (NCO) Course defense in Zadar. atMoSPhere Army of Republic of Macedonia for was established in Octo- The students who attend this ad- In the as first NCO in a company. There ber, 2002, as the most ad- vanced course are mainly people School for are certain conditions which need vanced step of education for who serve in the Croatian armed non-coM- to be fulfilled when choosing the NCOs in the frame of the NCOs forces; nevertheless, there are MISSIoneD candidate from the NCOs so that professional development within a few NCO students who come offIcerS he can be sent to the advanced the Croatian army. After imple- from other countries, especially Croatian course. The NCO who menting the reforms within the armies from countries that used to 2. battle is sent to the Croatian advanced armed forces of the Republic of be a part of the former Yugoslavia. tranSPort- course needs to uphold certain Croatia, according to NATO stan- Last year, Staff Sergeant First class er of the standards and to be chosen under dards, since September, 2008, Dragan Stojanovski was the fourth croatIan some criteria, such as: he needs the Advanced NCO Course has student from the Army of Republic arMy to at least have the rank of Staff become a part of the only Non- of Macedonia who attended this Sergeant first class; to have the commissioned Officers' School at Advanced NCO Course. According 3. a war Mu- required education, i.e. to have the Department of Advanced NCO to the head of the department, he SeuM – the completed the NCO course for Education. The lectures take place has presented himself as an ex- baSeMent of first NCOs; to be recommended at the Military Academy, in Zagreb, cellent student, just as the other the hoSPItal by his commander or comman- as well as in Split and Zadar. The three Macedonians, who had at- In vuKovar dant; or to be planned to do or to students study about naval tactics tended this advanced NCO course have been doing the job of Chief 28 Non-commissioned Officer in his unit. The candidate is preferred to have some other additional qualifications, for instance, to have completed some specialized cours- es connected to his type of work, to know foreign languages, to have taken part in international peacekeeping missions … traInInG ncos for toP DutIeS The aim of this advanced course is training NCOs to do the duties with the highest responsibilities, starting from the Chief NCO of the battalion, then Chief NCO of the brigade and the NCO work post with the highest responsibility, Chief Non-com- missioned Officer in the ARM. It is im- portant to mention that NCOs who have completed this advanced course are not only highly capable of doing the duties of Allied Commander of the Allied Command with a certificate and a silver ring for the Transformation) and before the retired Advanced NCO Education. The received Chief of the General Staff of the armed knowledge represents the highest level forces of Finland. of education according to NATO (OP-9). It is also at the same level of USASMA AMONG THE HIGHEST RANK OF (United States Arms Sergeant Major ADVANCED EDUCATION IN NATO Academy), where Macedonian NCOs are During the course, for each subject stu- sent, as well as to other advanced NCO dents have to do a seminar paper and to courses and schools of other armies in prepare presentations. The exams have the world. an oral and a written part, and at the end As a part of the course curriculum there of the course the students prepare final are field trips which are used to visit dif- graduation papers. Students who attend ferent units of the Croatian army. Presen- the Advanced NCO Course, together with tations about the work of the units are the students who attend Command and held especially showing the NCO's con- General Staff School take part in the joint tribution. Moreover, these field trips are simulation exercise "CAX". At the end of good for familiarization with political, eco- the course there is a closing ceremony nomic and cultural aspects of Croatia. As in Vukovar, when the graduates of the a part of the subject History of war, the Advanced NCO Course are presented students have recently visited Vukovar. In- Chief NCO, but also have firm knowledge of staff duties of NCOs in a brigade and in larger units. The latter is very important as Macedonian NCOs have been taking The advanced course lasts one part in NATO missions where one needs academic year (10 months). It has to show understanding and operational, been developed and upgraded so as tactical knowledge, as well as familiarity to have today's form consisting of in intelligence and logistics. four areas with appropriate content The lectures of the Advanced NCO Course as follows: are mainly high ranking officers from the Croatian armed forces, NCOs (advanced instructors) and civilian experts in the ap- 1. General Issues in the Military: propriate fields. Students from the Ad- – Geography in the Military; vanced NCO course also attend lectures – History of War; given by foreign guests, together with – Physical Education; students from the Command and General – Computers. Staff School (future generals), Command and Staff School (future commanders and 2. leadership and Management: high ranking staff officers). The last lectur- er was Luciano Zapata (Deputy Supreme – Communications in the Military; – Leadership in a military organization; – Management of Training; cluded in the subject Tactics, students vis- – Human Resource Management; ited the peninsula Istra where at the cape – Military ethics and religious Kamenjak there was an air defense dem- awareness. onstration. Distinguished guests from the Croatian armed forces, including the Chief 3. tactics and work in the Commander of the Croatian armed forces headquarters: were present at this demonstration. The students of the eighth generation – Tactics; have become good friends. Despite the – Basics of military intelligence support; professional fulfillment of their obligations, – Operations; they socialize in the afternoons, talk about – Logistics Support; many things, exchange opinions about – Decision making in the military; military and other topics. The students – Modern Military operations. are satisfied by their education because they have gained knowledge, experience 4. extras: and friends. After successfully completing the course, the students will convey their – Final (graduation) papers; knowledge to their fellow NCOs in the – Spare time; ARM in the best way they can. – Field trips. D. S. 29 CID Courtesy of U.S. Army UNITITED STATES ARMY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DIVISION he United States of America 1. cID aGentS' of whom approximately 1000 as one of the world`s su- baDGe are Special Agents. perpowers have the most powerful and the most so- 2. cID'S SPecIal HISTORY phisticated army. The US armed aGent on Duty During World War I, General forces can be deployed at any In Iraq, 2005 John J. Pershing ordered the cre- time or to any place in the world ation of a separate organization with one single goal- to secure 3. 4. anD 5. cID'S within the Military Police Corps and protect American vital geo- SPecIal aGentS to prevent and detect crime political, economical and safety conDuct among the American Expedition- interests. There are 5 compo- crIMInal ary Force in France The newly nents that comprise the US InveStIGatIonS created Criminal Investigation armed forces: the Army, the In anD out Division (CID) was headed by a Air Force, the Navy, the Marine of the arMy division chief who served as the Corps (known as the Marines) baSeS, alonG advisor to the Provost Marshal and the Coast Guard. The total wIth theIr General on all matters relating number of personnel on active colleaGueS to criminal investigations. At duty is 1.5 million. There are also froM the the end of the war, the United 900 000 troops that act as re- other State States Army was reduced in size serve components of the US nal Investigation Command – anD feDeral during the transition to peace- armed forces – the Army Na- USACIDC is that kind of federal aGencIeS time and the size of CID shrank tional Guard, the Navy Reserve law enforcement agency (in the dramatically. and the Air Force Reserve. Since text we will use the shortened 6. a forenSIc With the onset of World War II in military installations-bases, are acronym CID commonly used to worKInG In hIS December 1941, the armed forc- not only places for training and refer to the criminal investiga- lab es rapidly swelled in size and the performing military duties, but tion and operations). Army once again became a force also provide housing for the The Commanding General, of millions, and the need for a members of the armed forces USACIDC, is dual-hatted as the self-policing law enforcement and their families, the high crime Provost Marshal General and is system rematerialized. Howev- rate in the armed forces is quite supervised by the Chief of Staff er, by early 1942, investigations understandable. For that rea- of the Army. of crimes committed by military son, special commands have The current CID Commanding personnel were still considered been formed in order to deal General is Brigadier General Col- to be a "command function" to with criminal activities at all leen L McGuire. Worldwide, the be conducted by local military levels within the armed forces. organization has slightly fewer police personnel. The Office of The United States Army Crimi- than 3,000 soldiers and civilians, The Provost Marshal General felt that the agents in the Inves- 30 tigations Department were not prop- erly trained for criminal investigations, so in 1944 CID was reestablished under the Provost Marshal General's Office. The organization exercised supervision over criminal investigation activities, coordinated investigations between commands, dictated plans and policies, and set standards for criminal investi- gators. After the war, the CID was once again decentralized, with control of criminal investigations transferred to area com- mands in the 1950s and further down to the installation level. In the middle of the 1960s the need for reestablishing a command responsible for the army criminal investigations was evident. Thus in 1965, criminal investigative elements were reorganized into CID and allied military personnel, facilities, nel, major felony crimes committed groups corresponding to geographical and other interests. Upon collecting by US personnel and, when directed, areas in the United States, and in 1969, this information, agents recommend crimes committed by foreign nation- the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation countermeasures to combat subver- als in which there is an Army interest, Agency was established to supervise sive activities through coordination with criminal acts by indigenous personnel, all CID operations worldwide. As the military intelligence, the Military police, factions, and ad hoc groups, special/ agency did not have command author- rear-area operations officers, and host sensitive investigations, hostage ne- ity, in 1971, the Secretary of Defense nation military and civil intelligence gotiations, polygraph operations, and directed the Secretary of the Army to agencies. Additionally, when directed, force-protection operations. CID de- form a CID command (USACIDC) with the USACIDC becomes the lead US mili- tachments provide enhanced cover- command and control authority over all tary investigative agency at theater lev- age and protection for designated Army-wide CID assets. el. When this happens, it is tasked with key and essential leaders during war. leading the prevention-of-terrorism ef- The protection requirement for senior CID MISSION fort from all services, not just the Army Joint Task Forces and Army command- As the Army's primary criminal inves- component. During war, the criminal in- ers may be significantly greater during tigative organization, the "CID" is re- vestigation effort includes: war crimes war than during peacetime or war as sponsible for the conduct of criminal and, when directed, crimes against co- the propensity of asymmetrical threats investigations in which the Army is, or alition forces and host nation person- (such as criminal and terrorist groups) may be, a party of interest. Headquar- operating in the Area of operations tered at Fort Belvoir, Virginia and op- also increases. erating throughout the world, the CID CID is branched into several units de- conducts criminal investigations that pending on the specific tasks. Some of range from death to fraud, on and off them are described in the text below. military reservations, and, when appro- priate, with local, state and other fed- Field Investigative Unit eral investigative agencies. The Com- Sensitive investigations are normally mand supports the Army through the conducted by the field investigative deployment, in peace and conflict, of unit (FIU). The FIU is a one-of-a-kind highly trained soldier and government organization within the Department of service special agents and support Defence that enables the Secretary of personnel, the operation of a certified the Army to conduct sensitive investi- forensic laboratory, a protective ser- gations requiring access to special in- vices unit, computer crimes specialists, formation or programs that are highly polygraph services, criminal intelligence classified. The FIU works closely with collection and analysis, and a variety the Army IG, the Judge Advocate Gen- of other services normally associated eral of the Army, and the Army General with law enforcement. CID's mission is Counsel to support commanders in the same in both the installation and the special-operations and intelligence battlefield environment; however, addi- communities and in the area of classi- tional requirements are taken on during fied acquisition programs. The FIU may battlefield support also be assigned investigations involv- There are four primary missions of ing senior Army personnel or those of the CID: logistic security, criminal in- special interest to the Army leadership. telligence, criminal investigation and protective service operations. Logistic The Computer Crime security function protects the Army's Investigation Unit supply pipeline against criminal activi- The computer-crime investigative unit ties from the manufacturer, through (CCIU) deals with intrusions involving logistics channels, all the way to the classified networks or multijurisdic- frontline soldier. It involves preventing, tional offenses. The CCIU works closely detecting, and investigating criminal with MI and federal law-enforcement and terrorist activities such as supply agencies to coordinate military actions, diversion, destruction, and sabotage nonmilitary-affiliated offenders, and or product substitution. Criminal intel- foreign-intelligence services. In addi- ligence collection efforts focus on the tion, it provides technical assistance identification and prevention of terror- to CID elements that are conducting ist and non- terrorist crimes against US computer-related investigations. 31 The Protective Service Unit The protective-service unit (PSU) pro- vides worldwide protective services to designated personnel to protect them from assassination, kidnapping, injury, or embarrassment. The PSU plans, co- ordinates, and executes executive pro- tection for: the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of the Army, the Army Chief of Staff, the Army vice Chief of Staff and others (as directed). During war, the USACIDC routinely pro- vides protective-service support to se- nior Army ground commanders and, in some cases, to Joint task forces com- manders. The USACIDC agents also provide training to the Military Police military service (not more than 10 years), Fraud Investigations, Child Abuse Pre- details providing protective services to at least one year of military police ex- vention and Investigative Techniques, senior field commanders. perience or two years of civilian law Crisis/Hostage Negotiations, Combat- enforcement experience. Other require- ing Terrorism on Military Installations, Criminal Investigation Laboratory ments include (but are not limited to) Protective Service Training as well as Forensic-laboratory support is provided credit checks, physical fitness require- other subjects. by the US Army Criminal-Investigations ments, normal color vision, the ability Laboratory (USACIL) that is currently to obtain a Top Secret clearance, and UNIFORM AND FIREARMS located at Fort Gillem, Georgia. The a drivers license. To qualify for Warrant As criminal investigators, CID Special USACIL is a nationally accredited fo- Officer positions, candidates must be at Agents typically dress in professional rensic laboratory that provides all three least an E-5 SGT, currently serving as a suits, business/casual attire, or com- services with dedicated, highly respon- Special Agent, with 2 years of investiga- fortable clothing when appropriate for sive, deployable, state-of-the-art scien- tive experience with CID, have a Top Se- their daily investigative responsibilities. tific and forensic investigative support. cret clearance and a Bachelors degree Due to the nature of their work, un- The six forensic divisions of the USACIL (may be waived as a requirement). Can- dercover assignments dictate further include the following: Chemistry (serol- didates must have also demonstrated variations of attire to support specific ogy, drugs, trace, and deoxyribonucleic- leadership potential, management abili- undercover mission requirements. acid [DNA] testing), questioned docu- ties and good communication skills. CID When deployed to certain combat en- ments (alterations and comparisons vironments, and during other special of handwriting, typing, and printing), times and circumstances, CID agents firearms and tool marks (weapons and wear Army Combat Uniforms, replac- obliterated numbers), photography ing rank insignia with subdued versions (evidence, charts and photos for court), of officer "U.S." collar brass and some- latent prints, and computer forensics. times wearing "CID" brassards on their The USACIL collects, receives, and ex- upper left arms. Military CID agents amines evidence and prepares reports continue to be soldiers of the Military of findings. It also provides expert-wit- Police Corps. For official photographs, ness testimony at court-martials. and certain duty assignments, they wear the uniforms, rank and insignia of Crime Records Center any other MP soldier of their respec- US Crime Records Center (CRC) main- tive ranks. CID agents are issued the tains the Army's criminal records. 9 mm Sig Sauer and for combat envi- It maintains more than two million ronments, agents are issued the M4 Military Police reports and USACIDC carbine. reports of investigations. The CRC To conclude, it is obvious that law conducts more than 10,000 criminal- enforcement and criminal investiga- history name checks each month to tion are a very important part of the identify victims and perpetrators of US armed forces, in this case the US criminal offenses. The checks are re- Army, and are vital for the law and or- quested not only by USACIDC agents, does not employ Commissioned Offi- der within the units both at home or but also by other military and civilian cers as Special Agents. CID Battalions deployed worldwide. When it comes to law-enforcement officials. The CRC and Brigades (Groups) are commanded the Macedonian armed forces and the also manages the Army's polygraph by Commissioned Officers from the future transformation and organizing programs and their support to Army Military Police Corps. These officers do of the law enforcement and criminal installations around the world. not supervise the conduct of criminal investigation within the Ministry of De- investigations. Criminal investigations fence and the Macedonian Army, which SELECTION AND TRAINING conducted by field Special Agents are have been conducted so far by the Mili- There are several criteria concerning supervised by senior Warrant Officer tary Police and the military intelligence the CID selection and training. Special Special Agents. and counter intelligence units of the Agent candidates must be currently Special Agent candidates initially re- Army, we should use the experience serving in the active Army, National ceive training at the US Army Military of the CID as well as its organization Guard or Army Reserve. Enlisted sol- Police School (USAMPS) at Fort Leon- which has been functioning for over diers must be US citizens, at least 21 ard Wood, MO where they attend the 90 years and of course adjust it to the years of age and a maximum grade of Apprentice CID Special Agent course. needs of the Ministry of Defence and E-5 SGT (non-promotable). Candidates Later, agents may return to USAMPS to the Macedonian Army. must have served at least two years of attend specialized training in Advanced Borche Jakimov 32 THE MACEDONIAN BLUE BARET From a peacekeeper's journal n previous editions we presented THE ROAD TO LEBANON you a few Macedonian peace- keepers who employed all their An interesting fact characterizes the way potential in Iraq, Afghanistan and the name of at that time Major Mitrev in the EU-led mission in Bosnia – AL- was on the short list of officers proposed THEA. Only one Macedonian officer to be our country's representatives to presented our small country in the UN the Lebanon mission. His qualities and UNIFIL mission in Lebanon. The first one his long-years of service in the ARM were to break the ice was Lieutenant Colonel his "ticket" to take part in UNIFIL. Simeon Mitrev, our representative in "I didn't apply for the mission and I didn't the UNIFIL mission. ask to go. I remember that I was having a day off after a night duty, when I got A CAreer tHAt NeeDS a phone call from somebody who asked tO Be reSPeCteD me what I was doing. I said that was that "I graduated at the Military Academy I was taking a rest after duty. I was told in Belgrade, and my first post was in that I was chosen for the Lebanon mis- Vinkovci in 1989. Then, riots started in sion and asked for my opinion. My an- ex Yugoslavia, so I came back to Mace- swer of course, as an officer was that if donia", started LTC Mitrev. He began his I were chosen there was nothing else to military career in Macedonia in the Stru- we are aPProachInG the be said, I accepted. Honestly speaking, I mica garrison. He is originally from the fIrSt DecaDe of the new didn't know if it was a joke or not. After a Strumica village Novo Selo, and now he century. It IS unbelIevable week I got an order to go to the Depart- works as an operations and planning that In thIS era of DeveloPeD ment for International Cooperation at the officer in "Jane Sandanski" barracks in huMan rIGhtS the baSIc IDeaS Ministry of Defence. I found out there Stip. "After returning to Macedonia I of Peace anD welfare are that names of ten other officers were on worked as a commander of the recon- the list and my name and a name of an- naissance unit which was part of the only a DeSIreD cateGory. other major were underlined." special units in the brigade, after that I unfortunately, factS aSSure Although according to the initial plan two was a commander of a battery, then an uS that Peace IS not an Macedonian officers were supposed to officer for fire support in the brigade. I abSolveD toPIc In all PartS take part in the UNIFIL mission, a letter worked three years in the battalion as of our Planet. nevertheleSS, from the UN claimed that there was only an operations officer and after that as only reachInG Peace IS not one free post. "The idea at the beginning fire support officer in the brigade. In the was that both of us should go, but later last two years I have been working as enouGh. It ShoulD be KePt anD we were informed that the UN provides operations and planning officer in the ProtecteD. It ShoulD be Done only one post. My colleague, who was a brigade", explained LTC Mitrev. In all PoSSIble wayS commander of the Tetovo battalion, said 33 that he was extremely busy at the time, so I became the first ARM representative in the UNI- FIL mission. On 15 May 2007 I went on a mission," explained LTC Mitrev. What is interesting is that our representative was part of the UNIFIL-2 since as of 2006 the terrorist organization the Hez- bollah was left out from the UN area of responsibility. THE ARABIC PARADISE They say that the first impres- sion is the most important one, but when we have the pitch dark- ness in front of us, then the first impressions about the exotic Arabic culture should wait for the day light. "I arrived in Beirut via Prague. I was met there by a civilian from Egypt, a UN employee. He was standing in the airport lounge holding a peace of pa- per with my name written on it. It was 3 am, so he took me to the American hotel "Marriott". I wasn't able to see Beirut at all. Anyway, the hotel was incred- ible. It was the same as the one in America. The first thing that popped into my mind was if this country really needed a mission. The following morning around 10 o'clock, two soldiers from Po- land arrived in a jeep and I left shift was from 8 pm till 8 am. 1. the baSe In unit should intervene, if there is a with them. My first impression My working environment was full al-naKura need of a patrol or not and so on. was of the extreme heat, and of telephones and computers. There were a lot of maps in the high humidity." Since he was There were two main telephones 2. anD 3. GS where all activities should be sent from Macedonia as a GS of- because the whole base was di- beIrut Seen marked. At the same time I had ficer he was offered two posts, vided in two sectors – eastern throuGh our to write a report, prepare a pre- liaison officer and watchkeeper. and western, with two brigades PeaceKeePer'S sentation and deliver it in front of "I had an appointment with the each. The leader of the eastern eyeS the Force Commander. I should GS human resources personnel part was Spain and Italy was mention here that there were situated in An Nakurah (2.5 km the leader of the western part. 4. conrollInG two commanders, a force com- from the Israeli border), where I There were representatives of the "blue lIne" mander and a base commander. was offered two posts. The first 31 countries in the base. All infor- I remember that the force com- possibility was a liaison officer mation about all events was re- 5. anD 6. on mander at that time was the and the second one was watch- ceived by the watchkeeper. Not Duty In the Italian General Claudio Graziano. keeper in the Command, i.e. the un'S oPeratIve only informing, but on the basis Each morning at 8 o'clock a re- center UNIFIL HQ. I didn't know any- of these information decision port was to be sent to all im- thing about the obligations for should have been made – which portant sectors and authorities, neither of the two posts. I was even to Ban Ki Moon." told that as a liaison officer I was There were no representatives supposed to work for one week of nations close to ours, so time in Israel, one week in Lebanon for recreation and relaxation was and I would have a week off. I not easy to pass. "At the begin- didn't like this option very much ning it was very difficult since so I decided to accept the other there were no people from this offer. I must admit that later on region. I made friends with peo- I regretted my decision because ple from Indonesia and Malaysia, it was really hard working in the but as it is known we are of dif- HQ," stressed LTC Mitrev. ferent cultures. Three moths later a representative of Slovenia ar- THE ARM PEACEKEEPER rived followed by one from Croa- tia. Things got easier – we used We asked LTC Mitrev to tell us to go out together, we played more about the watchkeeper's sport together. They had more duties and obligations. "I worked free time than I did, I spent most in 12 hours shifts – from 8 am to of my free time resting because 8 pm. After that I had a night and the job I did was very demand- the next day off, and the next ing." 34 was completely destroyed by a 70 kg explosive car-bomb. All this happened in less than five minutes right behind our jeep. Six peacekeepers died during this accident," says LTC Mitrev. MACEDONIA, OR? Although the Lebanese people call our country Macedonia, our peacekeeper faced the ever-present name issue – the correct name of our country. "I was introduced to a Greek represen- tative at the very beginning. Asked where I come from I replied loud and clear – Macedonia. He said: "You are not from Macedonia, you are from FY- ROM." But as they say even gods fall faced with facts, even if they are from Olympus. "After my short lesson in history he never mentioned the same issue again," added LTC Mitrev. As we all know the official UN name of our country is FYROM, in all documents our country was referred to with this abbreviation. On our peacekeeper's re- quest this abbreviation was replaced by FYR Macedonia. DOUBLE BENEFIT The benefits of deploying Macedonian peacekeepers in various missions of international organizations (UN, NATO) are double – Macedonia gains expe- rienced officers, prepared to face the challenges of the new era, and at the same time it proves that there is a pro- DANGER IS LURKING fessional and well trained personnel in our country that can work shoulder to Water used to turn into wine on today's shoulder with the representatives of Lebanon territory. It's not like that any- more developed countries. "The most more. It's not like that since the terrorist important thing for me was getting ex- organization "Hezbollah" has been infil- perience since I worked there as a staff trated in the parliament of the country. officer. After I returned from this mission People…..they are friendly and open. I mainly work in the operational centers This is what our peacekeeper thinks. He of our exercises, precisely because of adds that the encounter with danger this gained experience. Regarding the couldn't be avoided. benefits for the country I can say that "Each month we were supposed to con- a big number of people from the dis- trol the so called blue line checking the tant countries have never before heard UN positions, so I was directly exposed about Macedonia. I personally think that to the Lebanese climate. I started hav- taking part in these kinds of missions is ing kidney problems, and I was hospital- very important for an international affir- ized for 15 days, outside the UN zone. mation of our country." One day I had to do a check up in a ve- There are also certain disadvantages be- hicle. At the border of the control zone ing absent from Macedonia. Our peace- I had to dismount the UN flag from the keeper is a husband and a father of two jeep, I stopped at one of the border girls. "While I was away on a mission check points and I met people who pa- my daughters went through the most trolled there. I did the check up and on sensitive period in their lives – teenage my way back from the hospital which period, a period that requires special pa- was not later than two hours I noticed rental attention, which at that time was that everything was blocked. At the mostly on my wife's shoulders. This is place of the police control the vehicles the reason why we have to pay a spe- were completely destroyed and there cial respect to all mothers who raise our were injured people. The vehicles were children while we take part in peace- destroyed because they stepped on a keeping missions." mine which was very likely I could have The mission of our peacekeeper ended stepped on." in May 2008, but his professional contri- The danger didn't finish there. "All UNI- bution to the development of the ARM IFIL contingents had parties for their and Macedonia continues. national holidays. For the national day of Spain we went to the eastern sec- Zdravko Rizovski / tor and on our way back a Spanish APC Ivan Petrusevski 35 GUIDE FOR KEEPING AND DOGS soldiers and their best friends – dogs – v ear is one of the most com- kind of dog will not allow anyone 1. DoGS are adult disturbs the dog while it mon reasons for aggressive to enter the yard and the house, SenSItIve to is resting. The law reduces our behavior of the dogs. Fear apart from the members of the MoveMentS responsibility when it comes to generally appears because family. Training obedience is the other people's negligence, and of some stressful and un- best way to keep the situation 2. SoMe yet we have to do everything so usually noisy situation. If the dog under control and to send a mes- SounDS can as to avoid to physical or verbal is frightened we should put a sage to our pet that it has gone DISturb the irritation of the dog. basket muzzle on it, place it in a too far with the aggression. DoG. In that We should teach the children fenced yard or in some quiet and The dog is very perceptive of caSe, It IS rec- never to approach unfamiliar dark room until it calms down. movements and is sensitive to oMMenDeD to dogs and not to do any sudden If we know that certain occur- it. The experienced trainers know taKe the DoG movements with the hands to- rence and sounds such as thun- this well and therefore they SoMewhere wards the dog, and especially der, sirens, upset the dog and we stand still when the dog shows quIte not to approach a dog from be- are not sure how it will react, it is the least of aggression. If the hind. At the same time, children advisable to take it to a quieter dog is nervous it is best not to should not be allowed to be par- place or to restrain it. In those do sudden movements. The ag- ticularly loud so the dog will not moments we should avoid touch- gressive reaction of irritation feel threatened. When they are ing or petting the frightened dog happens when some child or an playing with the dog, the chil- despite the fact that we have a close relationship. In that situa- tion the dog can react in an un- usual manner and instinctively bite us. The territorial aggression is an expression of mutual instinct and can be often noticed in cir- cumstances when the dog tries to guard the yard, the car or the house. Depending on the natural born aggression, the territorial instinct and the training, the dog will tend to guard its territory and family. Dog owners generally think that certain degree of ag- gression in dogs is needed. Nevertheless, this territorial in- stinct can lead to unwanted con- sequences and dimensions. That 36 the dog with a piece of meat, the dog will come for the meat. While it is coming towards him, the owner calls the dogs BREEDING name several times and then gives the meat. If the puppy doesn't react to the command, than the owner should go to it and get the meat close to its mouth while at the same time saying its name. We do that while the puppy is eating the meat, and we pet it after. When it hears that simulation, the puppy understands that something good is happening, that is, it is given food or approval, thus it ac- cepts the name and responds to it. Also we have to pay attention to our tone, not to be artificial, because the dog un- derstands the intonation in our voice,, as a result the artificial voice may create doubt in the dog. PRAISES AND PUNISHMENTS If we read some old book for dog train- ing we will see that there are only pinch collars and beating as discipline mea- sures. From these books we will learn that there was an opinion that the dog should be hit with hands, with a special leash to certain parts of the body to punish it. Before we punish the dog we must first find the reason for its disobedience. We may have addressed the dog with a ner- vous tone, unusual and unknown to it or the dog's attention could be attracted on something other than you. We have to make sure that the dog understands us, and then to expect to obey our com- mands at once. The answer to the question when can we hit the dog is - never. We have to find dren often provoke the dog to jump and to the collar, and with the right hand we some other means of force. We have to scratch them. put the basket muzzle. The dog usually give as fewer commands as possible We should carefully observe the dog wants to take it off, but we will not al- because this means of establishing au- and know everything about it. Shout- low it by playing a game and walking. If thority loses its value. The command ing, pulling its ears, tail or hair and other we don't succeed like that, than we give should be short, strict, calm, but never kinds of aggravation, represent danger a strict command "no" and we pull the loud and rough. The tone must differ to the dog. leash. The dog gradually gets used to to the one we usually address the dog. We should not chase the dog, boost the basket muzzle, thus we will gradu- The dog should not be punished by hit- its aggression, and we shouldn't allow ally get it used to wearing the basket ting with a hand, but only by pulling the other people to do it too. Instead, we muzzle. leash that affects its neck and causes should offer some other, more accept- pain that the dog doesn't connect with able approach with the dog, like scratch- PUPPY GETTING USED TO ITS NAME us and our hand. ing their sensitive points, their belly and When we bring the dog home, we should We must be careful and distinguish be- so, which arouses pleasure in the dog. teach it its name. The name of the pup- tween a ban and a command. The more py presents a sound simulation that the dog obeys our banning-orders, GettInG uSeD to collar, should be short and easily pronounce- the more it will obey our commands. leaSh anD baSKet Muzzle able. Learning its name can be done in Banning-orders are: banning-order for The dog is getting used to all these several ways. When the owner calls out urinating and defecating in the house; things while it is young and during play- nibbling objects; jumping on furniture; time and walks. The owner calls the whimpering; howling; standing by the dog, pets it and at the same time puts table. All of this, the dog has to learn the collar on his neck. If the dog tries along with its physical and mental train- to take it off, the best way is to make ing. It is never too early to forbid things. it forget about it through play. During But, we have to start giving orders only the walks we need to put the collar on when we are certain that the dog has and take it off several times. After it developed physically and mentally. We gets used to the collar, we put the leash have to ask the dog only the things it and we walk the dog with it. It will get knows. When it obeys us, we should pet used to these two things easily because it and it is good to give some reward. they represent a signal that it is walk- Every time it obeys it should be reward- ing time, and that is something that ed. The dog can become disobedient the dog likes. After the walk the collar due to fear of the hand of the one who should be taken off because it damages hits it. Experience shows that the dog and plucks the hair. can be hit on two occasions: if it shows We have to be fast with the basket aggression towards the owner and if it muzzle. The procedure is the following: takes something off the ground. We get down on our knees, we hold the dog with one hand on the leash close Riste Giovski 37 . CLIMATE CHANGE V S DEFENCE AND SECURITY Photo: Paul Haze POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING n recent years the climate ciations participated in protests all change and their negative in- over Europe asking the world lead- fluence on the living creatures ers to sing a contract for a confer- on planet Earth have been ence to prevent climate change. discussed more often than in the These NGOs and environmental past. Therefore it is crucial to con- organisations demanded that the sider the possible consequences developed countries take seri- of global warming and climate ous measures for fighting climate change, with particular stress on change and the annual increase defense and security. of temperature. In addition, they insisted on reaching an agreement KYOTO AND BEYOND in Copenhagen according to which In December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan the signatory countries would take more than 180 countries signed the responsibility for the decrease an agreement, however that was of emission of exhaust gases by not enough to solve the problem 34%, certain organizations of global warming. Nevertheless, also insisted for the European this agreement was a step ahead politicians to promise to be in solving this important issue. decrease the emission of dan- Still, many of the countries which gerous gases which cause the signed the agreement did not act green house effect to 40 % (by in compliance with it. It is valid un- 2020). Moreover, these organi- til 2012 after which the new con- zations addressed other states tract from Copenhagen, Denmark, such as –the USA, China, Aus- which unfortunately has not been tralia and Japan to become part closed yet, is coming into effect. of one ambitious agreement The main goal of the Copenhagen for high and realistic goals for agreement is control of emission 1. PoSter climate protection. of exhaust gases, which directly for the Despite the optimism among the affects global warming. According coPenhaGen countries of the UN Framework to the analyses made by experts clIMate Convention for climate changes for climate change significant in- conference to reach sustainable contract for crease of temperature is expected reduction of emission of green- in the future. house effect gases, no agreement 2. the Before the conference in Copen- was reached in Copenhagen on hagen, last year in the period be- atMoSPhere the 15th conference of the UN tween 9 to 19 December, many DurInG the Framework Convention Countries NGOs and environmental asso- conference and the 5th meeting of the Kyoto 38 Protocol Countries. Significant improve- rorist and suicidal bombers that will pose ment was reached considering financial a serious threat for the world peace and aid for the underdeveloped countries. A security. Manifestations of extreme na- special fund for investment of 30 billiard tionalism are also possible, racial and re- dollars is to be established and by 2020 ligious tensions, illegal drugs, weapons, the amount will have increased to 100 and people trade as well as proliferation billion dollars. This financial support is of means for massive destruction can be mainly aimed at helping the most vulner- expected. able countries from the consequences of climate change. Since an agreement has sequences on the security of developed, SMALL BUT RESPONSIBLE not been reached for most of the other underdeveloped countries, including the Macedonia is an active participant in the open questions, the German Chancellorr security of the Republic of Macedonia. Ac- entire process of protection from climate Angela Merkel suggested that this is cording to some predictions if we do not change and takes precaution measures reconsidered again on a smaller confer- take the negative effects seriously, there for decreasing the emission of exhaust ence in Bonn, in June and close the issues will be serious problems in the global se- gases, and the protection of the envi- for which principal agreement has been curity, especially with the so-called asym- ronment. Macedonia is directly involved reached. metric threats. in the UN struggle for reduction of the Upon completion of the Copenhagen The increase of temperature, especially in consequences from climate change under conference, countries from all around the regions where it is already high, will the auspices of the member of UN Sec- the earth expressed their criticism. It is cause a decrease of production of agricul- retary General for climate change Ph. D. particularly stressed that the declaration tural products and lack of food especially Srgjan Kerim. We as a country have to does not contain concrete measures for in the underdeveloped countries. It will take additional measures for protection reduced emission of exhaust gases. Ac- also cause floods, dry and windy weather from security problems caused by climate cording to the NGOs and environmental and hurricanes. This will lead to lack of change as well. The geographical position organizations this was a huge failure and drinking water, problems with usage of of our country is on the cross section for a step back from the agreements in Kyo- natural and energy resources in the world illegal migration from the underdeveloped to. The text from the declaration of the (oil, gas, mine minerals etc.) which might to the developed world. When Macedonia summit in Copenhagen calls the devel- be one of the major reasons for armed becomes a NATO and an EU member, oped and underdeveloped countries to conflict. the responsibilities for protection and officially confirm the actions they will take, Based on all of the above mentioned security will be even higher, especially for to control the emission of green house ef- problems, which might be caused by protection of borders and airports from fect gases by the end of January 2010. the global warming, illegal immigration illegal immigrants from the neighbor- from poor to rich, developed countries ing countries that are not EU members. POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON is expected. Poverty, especially in the un- The Macedonian borders will become EU THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY derdeveloped countries, which are most boarders once the country enters in the Climate change caused by the emission affected by the climate changes, will be European Union. of dangerous gases can have serious con- fertile ground for recruiting potential ter- M.A. Stojan Dimchov 39 RESULTS FOR RESPECT HONORING THE ARMY NORDIC SKIERS arko Damjanovski and Gjorgi not only a very significant achieve- ary 15, 2010 and I expect to achieve Icoski, professional soldiers (PS) ment for the army and the country, excellent results. I know that we will from the Second mechanized in- but also for themselves and the ef- represent ourselves in the best light", fantry brigade of ARM who have fort they have invested. Today, we said Darko Damjanovski, PS. accomplished the Olympic norms to are honoured to have two members Unfortunately, according to the enter the Winter Olympic Games in of the Army that have met the criteria propositions, only 33 countries have Vancuver, Canada, have proudly post- to represent us in Vancuver ", stated entered the biathlon competition ed the testimonial and the certificate Konjanovski. (Macedonia is at position 34). In ad- of honor that have been awarded At the meeting, our Olympians ex- dition to the accomplished individual to them by the Minister of Defence, pressed their gratitute to the Minister norms, PS Gjorgi Icoski was not able Zoran Konjanovski, for their accom- of Defence for the constant and un- to represent our country this year plishment. conditional support they are receiving at the Olympics. "This year, for the "I, from the bottom of my heart as from the General Staff of the Repub- first time in the history of the win- well as on behalf of the employees lic of Macedonia and the MoD "I am ter sports in Macedonia, we have in the MoD congratulate the sucess going to compete at the 15km nordic reached individual Olympic norms. of the members of the ARM. This is skiing that is taking place on Febru- Unfortunatelly, I am most probably not going to attend the WOG due to objective reasons that you have al- ready been familiar with", added PS Icoski. It is an imperative for ARM and the MoD to invest in the future genera- tions and to create available, excel- lent conditions for developing the potentials. "In 10 days, a public bid for complete refurbishment of the Popova Sapka watch-tower will be announced, which is a huge step that is going to take place over the course of the following two years. This centre will be built and equipped in the next two years and at the end of 2011, it will be available for use. Afterwards, we will promote and de- velope it as a centre for training in winter conditions ", explained Minis- ter Konjanovski. 40 The magazine "Stit" joined in the cel- ebration of the success of the young Olympians, by printing its sixt edition on the day when the awards were be- ing presented, covering the event on the cover page. On February 5, PS Darko Dam- janovski and Gjorgi Icoski had met the Chief of GS of the Army of the RM, Lieutenant General Miroslav Stojanovski. At the reception, in addition to the Olympians from the Second Mechanized Infantry Brigade of ARM, the Commandant of the JOC, Major General Zoran Di- mov, the Commander of the Second Mechanized Infantry Brigade, Colo- nel Metodija Velichkovski as well as the coach of the Macedonian na- tional team in Nordic skiing, Gjoko first representative of the ARM at be pertinacious and to show why the Dinevski attended the venue. the Olympic Games which were initi- leopard as a myth animal symbolizes At the meeting, Lieutenant General ated in the antient times of the hu- the unit to which they belong. In the Stojanovski wished Damjanovski man civilization, stating the following: name of the brigade, Colonel Velich- great success and emphasized that "The challenge to participate in such a kovski bestowed testimonials to Dar- the participation of a representa- historic event is large for Macedonia ko Damjanovski and Gjorgi Icoski with tive of the ARM at the Olympics as a small country, especially at times the brigade logo written on them. was a historical event and would when Macedonia is faced with solv- After being given the opportunity to be a motivation to all represen- ing the name issue. It is more then kiss the army flag of the SMIB which tatives of the Army for further certain that the views of many will is a great honour for every brigade achievements and great results in be focused on our Olympians due to representative, Darko Damjanovski sports. He also emphasized that the fact that a small sovereign state addressed the audience. After thank- not only Damjanovski would repre- managed to develop two soldiers, ing the ARM, the General Staff and sent Macedonia in Canada, but he members of the ARM who achieved the Second Motorized Infantry Bri- would also share the Olympic spirit the Olympic norms. This is the pick of gade for the assitance in achieving as a representative of the ARM the sports and achieving all of it with the demands, he stated: "It is an hon- with the sportsmen from all over our modest means as a Brigade, as our to wear this uniform and I send the world. an Army and as a State, with unwav- my regards to the members of the ering will and much effort, and all of SMIB and the symbol of the leopard you being the witnesses during the that I will be presenting at the Olym- training period, it has proven that pic Games in Vancuver 2010." the goal could be reached If you had The Selector of the Macedonian del- strong faith, belief, respect for the bri- egation, Gjoko Dinevski, at his expose gade and for the flag as well as for gave a short overview of the prepara- the "leopards". We need to promise tion and the achieved results of the to ourselves that we would do ev- Army Olympians Damjanovski and erything that is in our interest and Icoski. prospect and send our national team After the ceremony in front of the representatives to the 2014 Win- formation of the Second mechanized ter Olympic Games, hopefully other infantry brigade, the delegation com- representatives besides Darko and posed of the members of the Olym- Gjoko". pics, the Brigade commanders and Further in his speech, Colonel Velich- colonel Zikica Jovanovski, was ac- kovski, showing his professional at- cepted by the mayor of Municipality titude towards his work, as an ARM Kichevo, Blagoja Despotoski. representative, personally and on behalf of the representatives of the Elizabeta Tashkovska/ SMIB, recommended Damjanovski to Ivan Petrushevski wIth MoDeSt MeanS to the olyMPIc GaMeS Honoring the Army Olympians, just before leaving for Vancuver, Canada, at the Kichevo garrison, a ceremony had been held for the departure of Darko Damjanovski, where in front of the honorable formation of the units of this garrison and next to the war flags of the Second Mechanized In- fantry Brigade, Colonel Metodija Ve- lichkovski, on behalf of the "leopards"- members of the unit, wished him good luck and good scores. He was not hiding the satisfaction that he was the commanding officer of the 41 sports BIATHLETES AT WORK Seventh Army Biathlon Cup he biathlon as a military dis- THE OLIMPIC NORMS – 1. ShootInG, the 7th Army Biathlon Cup in team cipline is one of the leading CONFIRMED aS Part competition included the 7.5 km sport disciplines. Besides The winner of this year's ARM of the cross-country skiing, where the popularizing the sport spirit Biathlon Cup in the discipline indi- bIathlon team of the Ski Club "Musica" from among the young people, vidual run - sprint was professional Krushevo won first place, second the Army cup has an intention to soldier Gjorgi Icoski from the Sec- 2. our was the team of the Ski Fed- establish the biathlon as a sport ond Mechanized Infantry Brigade, rePreSen- eration of Macedonia, third place discipline in cross country skiing, with a result of 26.54. Second tatIveS went to the team of the Second and also as a military discipline place went to professional soldier near MIB, and fourth place was the which is accepted in the ARM with Darko Damjanovski, also from KIProvo, team from the for Special Opera- an extremely important role in the Second MIB, with a result of KruShevo tions Regiment of the ARM. strengthening the combat readi- 28.20, and third place went to De- On the official closing ceremony of ness in terms of the condition and jan Stojanoski from the Ski Club 3. the the Seventh Army Biathlon Cup, rifle sharp shooting. This event, "Musica" from Krushevo, with a olIMPIc along the competitors, there was organized by the Army of Republic result of 31.04. norMS – also the mayor of Krushevo, Mr. of Macedonia, has become a tradi- As expected, on this competition, confIrMeD Vasilcho Damcheski, the Comman- tion. both best placed on this year's dant of the Second Mechanized On January 30 and 31, on the ski ARM Biathlon Cup confirmed the Infantry Brigade, Colonel Metodija slopes in Krushevo, on the ski qualified Olympic norms. Velichkovski, sport personnel from slope of Kiprovo, the Seventh The previous day the program of the Ski Federation of Macedonia ARM Biathlon Cup was held. On the Army Cup, in addition to the ARM units, teams of the Ski Fed- eration of Macedonia and the Ski Club "Musica" from Krushevo will participate as well. The teams and the individuals competed in 7.5 km cross-country skiing in team competition, and in the individual event, discipline sprint, also 7.5 km. The president of the organiz- ing committee for the realization of the biathlon was Colonel Zhi- kica Jovanovski. The competitions were held under the control of referees of the Ski Federation of Macedonia and the ARM, where the main referee was the Selec- tor of the Macedonian Nordic and Biathlon representation, Gjoko Dineski. 42 by Zdravko Rizovski and other guests. games under the sponsorship of the Inter- On the official ceremony, the three best national Military Sports Council (CISM). This placed in team and individual competition year, from March 20 to 25, we will partici- were awarded with certificates. At the pate with two of our biathletes in the First same time, for the cooperation and the World Military Games - the first military help in the organization and realization Olympic Games, which will be held in Aus- of the Army Biathlon Cup, Colonel Zhi- tria and Italy. This is an opportunity for our kica Jovanovski presented certificates of promotion in the world. This will also be an gratitude to the Ski Federation of Mace- incentive in the next four years to create donia, the Second Mechanized Infantry a team of four competitors in biathlon in Brigade and to part of the members of individual competition, and in cross-country the Ski Club "Musica" from Krushevo. skiing. Our goal is to be among the first 28 A certificate for gratitude was also pre- world forces. According to the past results sented to the representatives of "Red of our soldiers and representatives, there Bull", the energy drink that they provided is hope that we will succeed and promote for the competitors. Also, , a certificate of ourselves in the world." gratitude was given to the monastery "St. The International Biathlon Union is one Preobrazhenie" for the hospitality and the of the leaders in the world. The fact that logistic support, the venue of the ceremo- among the three best athletes in the nial lunch for the participants, with army world one is biathlete, which indicates beans as a main course, prepared by the that the biathlon is becoming more appre- skillful hands of the cooks of the Second Games as well. That states that 50 per- ciated, says a lot about the attention giv- Mechanized Infantry Brigade of the ARM. cent of the state capacities are filled by the en to the biathlon in the world. The ARM ARM. This gives us incentive for the future, and the Republic of Macedonia should IncentIve for the to create a possibility with our capacities benefit from this, since our country has DeveloPMent of SKI DIScIPlIneS and abilities for participation of more sol- a base, capacity and army potential that In his estimation about the Seventh Army diers and skiers. To improve the conditions can accomplish it. According to the words Biathlon Cup, Colonel Zikica Jovanovski, for Nordic skiing and biathlon in the ski of Colonel Jovanovski, our ambition for among other stated: "We put our strength centers in Krushevo, and create a regional the next Olympic Games in 2014 in Sochi to the test and we have gained additional center in the garrison in Kichevo, where we are to participate with an entire team of experiences with the help of the Ski Fed- will improve the disciplines in biathlon, ski army members that will represent the Re- eration of Macedonia. In team competition orienteering and marksmanship. In addi- public of Macedonia in this sport. the team of the Second Mechanized In- tion to the members of the army, we want The past results of our biathletes and the fantry Brigade won third place. In the indi- to include the army teams of the armies in professionalism of the people involved vidual competition the competitors of the the region into the development of these in the preparations, organization and re- ARM won first and second place. There are disciplines as well, in order to turn it into a alization of the biathlon on ARM level, the two competitors that achieved Olym- tradition. By doing that we will increase the and on national level as well are guaran- pic norms, and one of them will participate capacity of the number of soldiers-biath- tee enough that our representatives will in the Olympic Games in Vancouver, Can- letes, in order to create better teams in the represent the Republic of Macedonia re- ada, and with a little luck, we expect the future competitions for the world military spectfully in the world. other representative to go to the Olympic 43 A BOOK ABOUT THE MACEDONIAN PAST A STORY WHICH "THE LEOPARD" PROTECTS FROM OBLIVION he fascinating appearance of the Com- which time conveys the traditional Macedo- Each piece of embroidery, word by word, mand building in the "Chede Filipovski- nian architecture. The solid construction im- tells the story of a tortured nation, its up- Dame" barracks, the home of the mediately implies the strength and unity of risings and victories. Second Mechanized Infantry Brigade this brigade. Although invisible to the eye, When the visual impressions will eventually of the ARM, gives the impression of it is easy to notice the flame in its interior settle, you feel the smell of clay, which the a complete urban building. However, this prompted by their love for the fatherland. Macedonian cuisine aficionados will imme- unity of power and discipline hides in its This flame warms the souls like the fire diately associate with the traditional Mace- arms a small nook which, for the hosts, is of warmed the child in the cradle by the fire. donian pottery. Just one look is enough to a particular importance. It is the "Macedo- The loom weaves the memories of the see where all of this comes from. The clay nian room", a nook in which the assiduous woman who bids farewell to her husband pots, although some of them have existed "leopards" immortalized a part of the Mace- at dawn, as he leaves abroad to earn their for centuries, look like they have just been donian past, and they invite everyone who living, carrying an almost empty bag over made and are "waiting" to be used. visits their unit to for a time travel. his shoulder. It seems as if the time has stopped for a Completeness is the first thing to notice The collage of colours is magical for the moment. The only thing that "moves" is and you get the impression as if every curious eye, and seduces you immediately, the carriage that you imagine by looking millimetre of this small but extremely rich leaving you astonished by the inspiration at the wooden wheels by the walls. You "Macedonian room" is a very important of the Macedonian embroiderers. Maybe can even hear its sound and you instantly part of a harmonious whole. they were inspired by the faith that their create a picture: a rich man with his young The stone fireplace is a mirror through beloved child will return alive from battle. bride, a sound of a bagpipe heard from somewhere, and a young girl offers you cold spring water from the clay jugs. The faith in the power of their Brigade has prompted some members of the unit to leave a part of their legacy here. Obviously, the "leopards" faithfully protect this magi- cal tale from oblivion. Due to the power of the "Macedonian room" to quite skilfully present the Mace- donian culture and tradition, this corner within the premises of the Command has the role of a place for welcoming guests from the country and abroad. The idea is not for the guests to sit in a room full of artefacts, but to read the book of the Macedonian past with their own senses, so when they leave, they will carry with them the memory of time-travel through Macedonia's past, given as a special pres- ent by the staff from the "Chede Filipovski- Dame" Barracks in Kichevo. Mice Koteski 44 FOOD FOUND IN NATURE COLLECTING AND PREPARING hen a military unit is in a state Once the products are introduced to Hedgehog of survival several groups for the groups, the officer in charge, in All hedgehogs found in the area are gathering products from plant agreement with the instructor, sends edible. They are found in the woods, or animal origin are formed. the groups to the field. He previously bushes, near water. After being found They can be divided into the following points out the region where they can the hedgehog is captured with pro- categories: collect, time of returning in the camp, tective means (which are at hand or – group for collecting plants and how to stay connected and precau- exist in the formation) in order to pro- roots ; tion measures. tect the hands from its spines which – group for hunting wild animals After the groups return to the camp it uses for protection from the enemy. – group for processing the collected all the collected products are taken products. to the control point where the in- How to prepare it: In real life situation these groups are structor selects, controls and checks You should turn the hedgehog on its not limited to collecting only one type them. Once checked and sorted out back and step on it on the sides in of product but they are also collect- useless products are thrown away order to open the internal soft part ing products assigned to the other and buried under ground. He points of its body. After the soft part has groups. out the mistakes the groups made been found, head is located and Collecting plants and animals is done while collecting products- and how to strictly by obeying the orders of the recognize edible ones. The instructor survival instructor. Before sending explains practically how to cook the the groups out the instructor him- edible products. self explores the terrain and gathers the products planned to be collected PREPARATION OF that day. When he returns to the CERTAIN PRODUCTS camp he calls the groups and pres- ents the products, describes their The territory of the Republic of Ma- charactersistics, places where they cedonia has an abundance of edible can be found, similar products which products form the wild flora and are not edible (poisonous,useless fauna. etc.), and other important features Further down in the text we will for their collecting and usage. In elaborate about the products which addition to the above stated, the have been found during the training instructor points out that the col- for eating in nature, conducted in the lected products must not be mixed region among the villages Slatino, but divided in separate containers or Slivovo, Turje, Arbinovo and Mra- plastic bags. morec. 45 slaughtered by pulling the between the front and back knife from the neck to the legs. The lower part of the top of the head (nose). Af- shelf is pulled inside out, cut ter slaughtering the hedge- with a knife and removed from hog is left to bleed. Then you the body. The upper part of should take its front and back the shell remains on the body. legs and stretch it to see the Front and back upper legs are soft part of the skin without separated from the body be- spines. After that the skin cause they are edible. The liver near the front and back legs is also edible if its surface is flat is cut and striped from the and smooth. If there are some body. Once the skin is re- spots and cysts on the surface moved the internal organs are it is useless. You must cook taken out and thrown away. the meat. The fist water should You must boil the meat be- be thrown away and then you fore eating and then prepare prepare it as you wish. If it is as you wish. a female tortoise eggs should be removed from her body and they are also edible. 1. anD 2. Frog Snake InlanD On the territory of the Repub- All snakes found on the territo- turtleS are lic of Macedonia the so called ry of the Republic of Macedonia the only oneS green frog can be used. It lives (both poisonous and not poi- eatable in water (rivers, lakes, pounds sonous) are edible. While catch- etc.) The green frog can be 3. all SnaKeS caught in several ways with a ing the snake it is important to can be uSeD aS follow the precaution measures fishing rod and a lure (insect fooD or small cloth), in the evening in case it is poisonous. 4. froG'S leGS hours with a barrel on which How to catch it: are very taSty a primitive light has been put. When you find a snake ap- Then frogs jump on the insects 5. anD 6. gathered around the light and proach it carefully and step SaltInG anD on it with a boot right behind fall into the barrel etc. cooKInG fISh the head. Then cut it two fin- gers below the head. The cut 7. the Green How to prepare it: off head must be buried under lIzarD can be When you catch a frog, cut off the back legs which are edible, and throw away the rest. Sep- Tortoise arate the foot from the leg and All tortoises found on the ter- strip the skin, then wash the ritory of the Republic of Mace- meat and fry it. donia are edible (turtles are not edible). They can be found Fish in oak forests, bushes and near Fish can be used as food all water. through the year fresh or dried. You can catch it with a fishing How to prepare it: rod, with a handmade net, axis Front legs of the tortoise are or hands. pulled out so that it protrudes its head hidden in the shell. The How to prepare it: head is stretched and cut off. You clean the scales with a The tortoise is left to bleed. knife in direction from tale to After that the tortoise is put head. You start cutting from on its back and the shell is cut the anus towards the neck, in two, with an axe or a knife, remove and throw away the ground or burned since the poi- cooKeD the son is active 6 months after it SaMe way aS had been killed and can harm fISh human if they step on it. 8. the SnaIl IS taStIeSt In How to prepare it: early SPrInG The skin is stripped form the body at the neck of the snake 9. and then it is pulled towards GraSShoPPerS the tail. While the skin is pulled are frIeD In the internal organs – the guts oIl go out with it. The snake is cut near the anus and the part be- 10. ant'S tween the anus and the end of eGGS are the tail is thrown away. Wash uSeD In SMall the rest of snake's body and quantItIeS prepare it as you wish. 46 then wash the body. Prepare the liz- ard the same way you prepare fish. Snails Snails can be found all over the ter- ritory of the Republic of Macedonia, mainly near water flows and damp areas, areas with grass, bushes and places with nettle. Snails are very active and can be found in early spring, as well as in the sum- mer. They are best in spring before they start eating and reproduction. Being one of the main sources of infectious diseases in the later pe- riods of the year they should be cooked. internal organs. If the fish has eggs ows. After you collect them fry them they can be eaten too. The head of in hot oil. the fish is used to make stew but there are certain types of fish which Ant eggs head is not edible. (e.g. mrena from Ant eggs can be found inside the ant our regions). The preparation of eel nest. Eggs of a forest ant, which is is specific since it must not be eaten larger than a regular ant, are edible. raw due to the poisonous blood. Eel is prepared similarly to fish but it How to collect them: should not be eaten in big quantities When you find the aunt nest, re- because it is greasy and causes di- move the soil or the stones with gestion problems and stomach pain. which the nest is covered. Take the Fish can be prepared fresh, on a flat eggs and dispose them to sun. Put stone, on a skewer, folded in a big some branches or a box close to leaf and put on fire, etc. If the fish is this. The aunts transfer the eggs needed for a longer period and there under a shadow themselves. After are no appropriate conditions for its the aunts had transferred the eggs storage, you put salt on, then dry it in the box or on the branches take on sun and smoke it hung 2 meters them and prepare them. Fry the above the fire. After that you can eat How to prepare them: eggs but do not eat larger quanti- the fish or keep it in hot water and You put the snails in a container with ties because it can cause stomach cook it. water and boil them until the body problems (stomach ache, nausea gets out of the shell. Then remove and vomiting etc.). Green lizard body from shell and take out inter- A green lizard which lives in the lower nal organs. After cleaning, put the Big and small game parts of oak forest and bushes can snails in water again until dirt gets All sorts of wild animals which are be used as food. Grey (brown) lizard out. Finally you can grill, boil or put found on the territory of the Repub- found in the same area is not used for the snail in stew. If you don't have lic of Macedonia and the Balkans can food due to the insufficient amount enough containers or time snails can be used as food. Meat of wolf, fox, of meat. be grilled on an open fire. When they wild cat, badger, marten, cony, wea- are ready remove the burnt shell and sel and squirrel should be avoided How to prepare it: eat them. but in exceptional situations, when Cut off the head, legs and tail of the there is no other food, this meat caught lizard. Cut the skin at the bot- Grasshoppers can be used if previously properly tom of the tale and strip it. Remove Grasshoppers are insects that can cooked. the internal organs from the lizard, be found everywhere on our mead- The internal organs of wild animals should not be eaten due to diseases. If there is no expert around, the qual- ity of wild meat is visually checked by observing the lungs and liver. If you see spots on the lung or on the liver do not eat the meat. Wild meat must be cooked before eating. Birds All types of birds with high qual- ity meat can be used for food. Vul- tures (raven, magpie etc.) are not eaten because their meat is not of a good quality. Wild birds are pre- pared in the same way as home birds but they must be cooked much longer. Igor Jovanov 47 Photo: Raul654 A MATCH FOR THE BIG FIRE THE "SPIRIT" OF THE FIRST FLIGHT OVER THE ATLANTIC e live in an era of great miracles. "the SPIrIt of St. louIS" IS a the offer was on nobody tried to win Man has conquered the entire wonDerful Plane. It'S lIKe a it, so Orteig extended the period to planet, and now its views are di- lIvInG creature, GlIDInG alonG five more years. This time everything rected beyond the planet. Every- changed. thing considered normal today, SMoothly, haPPIly, aS thouGh The technology was so advanced that for our not so distant ancestors was a a SucceSSful flIGht MeanS aS made pilots think seriously about tak- true magic. Man has relaxed so much in Much to It aS to Me, aS thouGh ing the risk and trying to achieve the the convenience of its big achievements we ShareD our eXPerIenceS unimaginable idea at that time. In that he forgot to think, the fact that toGether, each feelInG beauty, September 1926, the French maverick it takes only a few minutes to fly over lIfe, anD Death aS Keenly, each from World War I, Rene Fonck, became the Atlantic doesn't give him any excite- DePenDent on the other'S interested in winning Orteig's prize. ment. That's why we have to refer to the Unfortunately, Fonck's two engines sil- germ, to refer to the atom that created loyalty. we have MaDe thIS ver plane with luxurious cabine explod- a brand new world – the creation of "the flIGht acroSS the ocean, ed on the runway before even taking global village". not I or It - StateD the Great off. Fonck survived the accident, but charleS lInDberG In 1927 two crew members died. THE FLYING ERA HAS STARTED The flying history started on the 17 December 1903 in North Carolina, the USA. The Right brothers started it with their twelve seconds in the air. It is even more amazing that after only thir- ty years people thought about flying over the big water massive between Europe and America. People were mo- tivated from two aspects – to be the first to fly over the Atlantic and to win the 20.000 dollars prize, which have been feeding the pilots' desire since 1919 to undertake this big accomplish- ment. The Frenchman Raymond Or- teig, the owner of the "Brevoort" and Lafayette" hotels in New York offered the prize. During the first five years 48 AIRMAIL PILOT a half demolished building which used to be a canned fish factory. Planes can safely connect Europe "There is no runway, no hangar, and America. This is the fact that nor sound of engineers doing made the young Charles Lindberg their work. There is only the smell an airmail pilot who worked for of dead fish", thought Lindberg "Robertson" start thinking about after arriving in the factory. Af- flying over the Atlantic Ocean. ter he spoke with the chairman Though very young, Lindberg had Mahoney and the chief construc- a rich experience flying through tor Hall, Lindberg was assured in snow and fog, and he has worked their professionalism. Mahoney as a mechanic as well. Anyway, and Hall approved Lindberg's the most important thing was his plans for a single engine plane. desire and courage to be the first They strongly believed in Lind- to "connect" the two continents berg's plan that they agreed to by air. "Why shouldn't it be me make the plane in two months, who will first fly from New York which required a big sacrifice of to Paris? I have four years fly- all the employees and the chief ing experience and I have flown was passing and the rivalry was constructors. Hall practically lived storms through half of the Ameri- 1. anD 3. increasing. in the factory while constructing can states. I have more than charleS the plane. 2000 flight hours. Don't I have lInDberGh In In the focuS the sufficient qualification for the "SPIrIt of "ryan aIrlIneS" ONE GOAL DESIGN: PARIS such a flight", Lindberg tried to of St. louIS" convince the public. In February 1927 Lindberg's luck Working on the planes of the 2. charleS changed for the better. Only 24 plain's body they had to make FINDING "BENJAMIN" wIth hIS hours after hearing about the a few completely new designer wIfe anne young pilot's plans, "Ryan Air- constructions. Due to the long It was time to surpass the first Morrow lines" corporation from Sen Di- flight duration they concentrated obstacle on the long way to Par- lInDberGh ego, California offered to produce on placing the gas tanks which is, finding finances to cover the the plane for only 6000 dollars, had to hold 1.700 liters (1082kg). expenses for his pioneer flight. 4. center not including the engine. Lind- The main gas tank was placed Starting with his humble 2000 – the berg's impressions after visiting in the front part of the body, be- dollars savings, he managed to SwaStIKa the factory were not promising. fore the cockpit, which contrib- deliver a presentation for the lo- waS a "Ryan Airlines" was situated in uted to the gravitation center, cal businessmen. This was done talISMan and at the same time it reduced with the great help of Harry for lucK of the possibility of pilot finding Night, his big admirer. He showed the natIve himself between two fires – en- them that a flight like this will aMerIcan gine and main tank, when land- bring benefits for the city and PeoPleS. It ing. The disadvantage of this winning the Ortega award will waS uSeD by design was the impossibility of mostly cover the expenses. The the PIoneer placing a front window which "Saint Louis supporters" agreed PIlotS aS constrained the pilot's visibility to give him 15.000 dollars, the well. on the side windows only. The amount sufficient for this big problem was solved by installing achievement. a periscope that would avoid an After he had all the money he accidental crash with trees when needed, Lindberg started look- flying a low altitude. There is no ing for the right plane. Maybe evidence if Lindberg used it at his unconventional thinking, at all during the flight. The naviga- a time when everybody thought tion was conducted via special that two engine planes are the navigation instruments like Earth most suitable for accomplishing Inductor Compass which deter- this long flight, about flying in a mined the magnet declination single engine plane (the second from the Earth. engine will lessen the chances The cockpit was designed ac- for a successful arrival in Paris) cording to the standard func- was crucial for reaching the goal. tions, simple and light. It was His search was aimed towards 94cm wide, 81 cm long and 130 finding a single engine plane he cm high – dimensions that didn't would fly himself and thus have give Lindberg a chance to stretch bigger advantages – decrease his legs. the patrol costs and increase the The reliable 223 horsepower range. After unsuccessfully trying Wright J-5C "Whirlwind" gave a couple of times to persuade "Spirit" the power to fly a maxi- the manufacturers in his good mum operating time of 9,000 concept, Lindberg was offered a hours. Right's engine had a few single engine "Columbia Aircraft extremely important special Corporation" plane worth 15.000 features that supported its con- dollars. Still, the project was not tinuous work. Some of these realized because the head of the features were a mechanism that corporation insisted on choos- kept the engine clean during fly- ing the pilot and the crew. Time ing and a mechanism for valve 49 self-lubrication for the duration of 40 SPecIfIcatIon Ryan Airlines into abyss. Namely, two hours. The engine was constructed in Frenchmen, Charles Nungeser and Fran- "Wright Aeronautic" in Peterson, New CREW 1 çois Coli, whose track was lost started Jersey by a 24 year old constructor Tom LENGTH 8.4 m on a flight from Paris to New York. Rutledge, who received a thank you let- On 12 May Lindberg arrived in Paris in WINGS' SPAN 14 m ter from the manager of the company his "The Spirit of Saint Louis", and due four days after the flight was success- HEIGHT 3m to the bad weather had to wait patiently fully conducted. WINGS' SIZE 29.7 m2 for a couple of days before he started The original Ryan M2 wings size was his journey. enlarged for twenty centimeters so WEIGHT (EMPTY) 975 kg that they could hold the additional fuel WEIGHT (LOADED) 1.310 kg "WHAT DO YOU THINK – tanks (in the left, right and middle wing). LET'S TRY" MAXIMUM WEIGHT 2.330 kg Regarding the aerodynamic stability, Donald Hall decided not to change the PerforMance The weather was not in favour of Lind- original Ryan M2 wing design in order MAXIMUM SPEED 220km/h berg a few days after he arrived in New to minimize the time for constructing York. On the 19 May before watching the the plane. Another advantage was the SPEED 160-175 km/h play "Rio Rita" Lindberg and a couple of smaller aerodynamic stability which RANGE 6.600 km his friends called the Weather Forecast didn't allow the pilot to fall into the bureau, they got good news. Finally, it world of dreams during the long flight to was time to conduct the historical flight. Europe. the fIrSt flIGht After a few hours work on the plane, Remarkably, Ryan NYP construction anD the journey to new yorK Lindberg returned to his hotel and was didn't include a radio, which at the time met by a crowd of reporters who want- was not a very reliable device. This was The big effort of Ryan Airlines engineers ed to interview him. It was more than the reason Lindberg decided to reduce was worth it – the 60 day deadline was obvious to him that he couldn't rest. the plane's weight and didn't include a met and on 28 April 1927 Ryan Airlines On 2:30 am on 20 May Lindberg was radio in the final design. conducted its first completely success- on the Curtis Field, where the plane The design was finished, and the con- ful flight. The following few days were was. When it stopped raining at 4:15 am struction was on. The only thing left was spent in testing the new plane's perfor- Lindberg asked that the "The Saint Louis naming the plane. In honour of and ex- mances, as well as in the adjustment Spirit" be taken to Roosevelt Field so pressing gratitude for the financial sup- of fuel consumption. The probe flights that he could take off on his long jour- port to the businessmen from Saint Lou- showed that the plane didn't lose power ney to Paris. is, the plane that was to undertake the though fully filled with fuel to the satis- Everything was ready. An army of peo- revolutionary aviation step was named faction of Hall and Lindberg. ple were filling the tanks with fuel using "The Spirit of Saint Louis". The information Lindberg got on 10 May buckets and 1.700 liters were already could push his and the entire work of filled (100 liters more than planned). The wet weather which decreased the en- gine power and untested weigh gave Lindberg a lot of headache. At 7:51 am Lindberg fastened his seat belt put on his helmet and his goggles. The journey to Paris started in a minute. Although he had problems because of the weigh, after touching the ground for a couple of times "The Spirit" took off. At 7:54 am Lindberg started his glorious journey. 33H 30MIN 29.8 SEC AND AFTER THAT Despite the absence of a front window, the thick fog and ice, after flying for 33 hours, Lindberg landed his "Spirit" on the "Le Bourget" runway in Paris, France, where he was welcomed by 150.000 people. The pilot who won the Ortega award became a celebrity. He said: "I was amazed by the effect my landing in Paris had over the whole world. A fire was set with my small match". On his way to the USA, Lindberg flew his plane to Belgium and after that to England, where he got the USS Memphis cruiser to take him to USA. Lindberg, the hero, arrived in Washington DC on 11 June, es- corted by a fleet of military ships, bomb- ers and fighters. The great Charles Lindberg contributed a lot to humanity. He started the era of connecting the west which was the reason he was awarded "The Cross for Outstanding Accomplishment in Flying". Ivan Petrushevski 50 MODERN PERSPECTIVES IN PLANNING COIn Photo: Ronald W. Stauffer COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS - VII n the last issue we explained the for- situations direct actions will be included to the need for this approach but it is be- mation, withdrawal and "seizing" ini- as well. lieved that at this stage it is still early to tiative, so in this issue of "Shtit" we Given that we already said that the start the execution of such tasks. Their will interpret the rest of the phases modern approach to tackling the global arguments (those who advocate posi- that should be taken into account threat imposes the need for an indirect tions that at this stage should not be ap- when organizing or planning a campaign approach to solving set challenges, in the proached by indirect and unconventional for counterinsurgency operations. These section that follows we will in detail focus methods) are based on the assertion phases, as we mentioned in the last issue, on the specifics to be considered during that these procedures should be applied are: dominance (derived from: dominate), this phase - dominance in the counterin- in the next phase of stabilization, not at stabilization (comes from: stabilize), and surgency operations planning. this phase when more aggressive dealing support and training civilian authorities Although for many classical operatives with insurgents is needed. (comes from: enable civilian authority). this may seem ridiculous and not related Although it seems logical, what is prob- Counterinsurgency operations and to military operations, facts point out to lematic in this context is that these atti- dominance: During this phase, the activi- different conclusions. In particular, the lat- tudes do not take into account the possi- ties of troops who conduct the counter- est guidelines issued by the current com- bility of building legitimacy. As a segment, insurgency operations are the most ex- mander of forces in Afghanistan, General legitimacy may carry the total weight plicit. But it must not be understood that Stanley McCrystal (ISAF and Enduring during the counterinsurgency operations, operations should prevail predominantly Freedom), are precisely in this direction. especially when they are carried out with dimensions of armed conflict. Given Thus, the isolation between the popula- against rebels who have the same basis that this is a specific way of warfare (com- tion and the rebels will not be done with (national, ethnic, etc.) with the population bat with ideas or for ideas), it becomes aggressive operations, something that is that should be won and gained (for more clear that the access to building a strat- characteristic and typical for the classical details further in the text). egy will determine the operations which conventional combat operations. Other Counter arguments that this article repre- will be performed. If counterinsurgency operations will dominate instead, in which sents have the view that during the sta- operations are designed according to the the main objective will be isolation of the bilization there next, more advanced step strategy that will have direct access, in rebels from the population through un- with foundations set in advance for the this case they will dominate the offensive conventional approach, or what almost all operation legitimacy should be initiated. operations (so-called direct actions, ac- military books about military operations The best proof for this error is the same tions such as movement to contact and call them as additional activities. These one that the U.S. and coalition partners contact, etc.), where they in some cases operations should serve as a basis to win have made in both Afghanistan and Iraq. will have operation dimensions of armed the respect by the population. Thus, for example, if instead of the ap- conflict. However, if the approach at this Next point of disagreement in this con- proach that was advocated and applied stage is indirect, in that case dominance text may arise during the installation of this viewpoint had been used (applying a is based on different parameters. This these frames. We refer to the application more indirect approach even during this should not be understood that in the first of so-called "soft operations" ("soft" infil- phase), then in that case there would not case (direct access) there will be no tasks tration, "soft" approach during the control have been such resistance to the coali- for support or tasks that are more spe- points, "soft" approach during the search, tion forces. Namely, according to some cific for the indirect approach. The same etc.), which mark the indirect approach. opinions, the initiative loss is due to the goes for the latter case; thus, in certain There are viewpoints that do not oppose application of direct actions (part of the 51 how kind-heartedly it is, represents a risk which could create additional problems in terms of loss of legiti- macy, i.e. the acquisition of legiti- macy. This will be discussed during the next phase - stabilization. It is difficult to determine in a unidi- rectional way which actions should be undertaken in these opera- tions. Frequently in such situations (when the goal is the domination over the insurgents) operations are undertaken with an abundance of activities through which they could win the hearts and minds of the population. In this context, dur- ing the operation in Manila, for ex- ample, General Templer, one of the best strategists in fighting against insurgents, said: "Victory in Manila direct approach), which reported stand the population and to under- 1. cloSe aIr will not be gained if we accumu- many adverse casualties that ir- stand the real needs. Therefore, all SuPPort late troops in Manila only, but by ritated the people which at that initiatives, which means building finding the proper steps that will time was neutral. Thus, the for- schools, bridges, roads, or in one win the hearts and minds of the mula that was shown by McCrys- word, investing funds to improve 2. GaInInG population." This Templer's idea is tal HQ for mobilization (2 rebels the conditions and gain confidence confIDence widely benefited, but it does not killed multiplied by 10 new recruits) during the period of stabilization, In the DoMeS- have the same meaning for every- would have been avoided if at this will be according to the needs of tIc PeoPle IS one out of a simple reason that stage this approach was applied the population. For example, be- the Key for these procedures are associated (unconventional and indirect ap- fore giving modern means of mon- a SucceSSful not only with natural elements proach). The reason for the focus itoring and receiving/transmitting counterIn- (such as hearts of the popula- to these debates in this dimension the information to the population, SurGency tion), but also the cognitive parts and in this part of the debate over someone needs to show how and oPeratIon of their minds. This is an additional counterinsurgency operations is in which way those assets should problem that imposes a series of because the way of planning will be used, then to serve as a means 3. the coM- additional conditions to be fulfilled later depend on how operations through which information will be ManDer of in order to achieve the desired are performed. transmitted. The problem of un- goal. We will mention the most ISaf In af- important among them: the level This approach will create a basis derstanding and transferring infor- which will facilitate the work of GhanIStan of education of staff that plans, the military leaders on how to suc- ceed properly in understanding the real needs of the population on the field. These needs will be es- pecially important during the next phase - stabilization. It certainly destroys the counter arguments of the stands that are contrary to this approach and related to the fact that if we accept this as true, there would be no need for the next phase. According to these views, it undermines the whole concept of planning according to the system theory. Despite this, I think that if this ap- proach is applied, conditions will be created from this point onward, while taking the initiative and while establishing dominance, to under- mation through electronic media is – General organizes and performs counter- mainly conditioned by the level of Stanley a. insurgency operations, the legiti- education. If the population does McchryStal macy of the forces that perform not know how to read, or is not counterinsurgency operations, and educated, the information cannot perhaps the hardest part - the har- be transmitted. Another problem 4. the eXceS- monization of political objectives is the cultural values. Although the SIve uSe of with the expectations of the popu- western civilization has managed force can be lation. to impose cultural imperialism in counterPro- Level of staff education is of par- other parts of the world, like us, DuctIve ticular importance in terms of ac- and electronic media have become quiring adequate capacity of key an important factor for the forma- 5. froM the personnel (and to some extent, tion of attitudes among the popu- traInInG of to the rest of the participants on lation in every respect, this does the afGhan the terrain) that will allow proper not mean that the level of culture SecurIty access to the cultural perspectives which Afghans have will be toler- forceS of the population. The understand- ant of such an approach. All this, ing of these perspectives must not if applied aggressively, regardless be seen separately, but in the con- 52 text of political tradition, in the context The next phase which should be taken of the interests and objectives which the into account when planning the counter- population has, as well as in the context insurgency operations is stabilization. of history. All this has a strong impact on Counterinsurgency operations and the way counterinsurgency operations stabilization: This phase is the phase are planned, organized and performed in which all those who agree that the in- when the idea on which these operations direct approach is needed and it is clear are built is an indirect and unconventional that it is to be formed on the principles of approach. unconventional warfare and through op- Legitimacy of forces is perhaps the most erations whose aim is to stabilize the ter- complex segment that should be provid- rain from counterinsurgency operations. ed in the counterinsurgency operations. This phase aims to prepare the condi- Provision of legitimacy is often associ- tions for transition and transfer of full ated and dependent on perceptions of governance in the hands of the people. the population that exists on the terrain However, what is important is whether where counterinsurgency operations are the government will be supported by performed. Moreover, legitimacy can be coalition forces, or the armed forces perceived as the legitimacy of local au- that perform counterinsurgency opera- thorities and the legitimacy of the armed tions will have the necessary legitimacy. forces to appoint these authorities. Without such legitimacy, the transition Legitimacy of the Armed Forces who will be considered a failure. Therefore, Only through this approach the confi- perform counterinsurgency operations at based on what we agreed since the dence "conceived" in the previous phase this stage is being built through indirect previous phase that the foundations will be built, and will lay the foundation access. Namely, the art of the leaders should be laid on the indirect approach, for the next phase, namely the transfer and participants on the terrain to man- what is important for this phase is the of power in the hands of the people or age to dominate the insurgents by em- experience gained over the perceptions, the representatives chosen by it in par- phasizing indirect operations (unconven- perspectives and expectations of the ticular. These representatives will have tional, though as we mentioned it does population to be adequately addressed the legitimacy and all decisions will be not mean that direct operations will be by the armed forces. This is the only way respected by the population. Only in this forgotten), is the key to success later in to continue the set goals and to create way the trap of setting the central gov- the next phase which will be of particular conditions for transfer of authority. What ernment before the local will be avoided importance. is difficult and appears to be a problem for the population that instead of a Elements that build the legitimacy of lo- for the leaders and other participants is deductive approach has a culture that cal authorities at this phase may come that they are often trapped in their own rather operates in an inductive approach. to expression only if the forces that carry "stereotyped framework". What actually does this mean? out combat actions and are supported This framework refers to measuring This means that local leaders are those by local authorities succeed in presenting the effects of stabilization. For ex- who the population trusts rather than themselves as legitimate. Indirect access ample, it is very erroneous if the ef- the central government. Hence, the key through the respect of the people and fects of stabilization and preparation player in building the legitimacy of power their real needs, without any gross errors is not the central government that is not (civilian casualties, for example) is certain- legitimate and it is corrupted in the eyes ly the key to ensure legitimacy. of Afghan people, but the local leaders The next element that is necessary for who the population believes in. If this is successful implementation of the coun- observed at this phase as coalition forc- terinsurgency operations in the phase of es did, it will remain an error and instead domination through indirect (unconven- the entire process to be completed ear- tional) approach is compliance with na- lier, it will require additional time to cor- tional interests. Consequently, if at this rect inconsistencies. very phase is acted indirectly, that will cre- The last phase is the phase of support ate conditions for a real assessment of and training the civilian authorities. how and in what way national policy can Counterinsurgency operations and sup- adapt to the armed forces, i.e. the coali- port and training civilian authorities: This tion forces with the interests of the pop- is the last phase of the overall enter- ulation. In this context, it is the best to prise that should be taken into account indicate the courage of McCrystal. What when planning the counterinsurgency does it mean? operations. At this phase, as the name McCrystal had the courage to oppose itself says, the handover of power is Obama and to inform him that the de- performed. Of course, this phase and mocracy in Afghanistan is simply not pos- its outcome largely depend on previous sible under the concept promoted by the ones. In any case, legitimacy of the ci- "western world". Although it is nowhere vilian authorities comes to term at this officially reported, it remains true to the stage. In this respect, six indicators are fact that after his address in London, Mc- for transition are measured based on determined. Crystal and Obama had an "unpleasant the built schools or hospitals. It is a Taking over security means: ability of the flight" in the US Airforce1 from Ramstein fact that this is a necessity, but not government to secure the population un- to Washington. As the Pentagon report- if this doesn't correspond to the real aided, selection of leaders in accordance ed, during the flight the President and the situation on the field. For example, if with the will of the major population, a General were reconciling their attitudes. people have lost their children in those high level of participation of the popu- After this "smoothing" as the Pentagon schools, as it is the case with Afghans, lation in supporting political processes, called it before the penultimate summit everyone will refuse to send their chil- culturally acceptable level of corruption, in London, Obama announced that the dren to school. The same goes for hos- culturally acceptable level of social, eco- strategy for withdrawing from Afghani- pitals. Therefore, by understanding the nomic and diplomatic development, and stan will be implemented by 2011, but in real relationships on the field, as an high level of acceptance of the regime, phases and according to estimates by the alternative to this, for example, would i.e. establishment of the population. commanders on the terrain. However, if be building a common mechanism for this is compared to what was announced protection of the population. In this In the next issue, we will focus on the about the withdrawal, for few it would mechanism, the population must hold part of counterinsurgency operation per- have the same meaning with the original the key place. Thus, the population will formance. speech and the Obama's idea on with- become an important part of effective drawal from Afghanistan. protection from the Taliban. Metodi Hadzi Janev 53 LONG LIVE THE KING, LONG LONG LIVE RTS WITH TURN–BASED ELEMENTS now IS tIMe for chanGeS. I have DecIDeD to rePlace the GunS anD the rIfleS wIth StIcKS, bowS anD arrowS. the MISSIle launcherS have becoMe the aXeS anD the tanKS tranSforMeD Into cataPultS. My favorIte weaPon-the nuclear boMb IS now rePreSenteD by an arMy of ten thouSanD that DeStroyS everythInG that croSSeS ItS Path. anD after a lonG tIMe I have fInally chanGeD the worlD In con- flIct Screen Saver on My coMPuter whIch DePIctS the MoDern conflIct In the worlD toDay. now My coMPuter IS worKInG wIth only one aIM- revIval of the MeDIeval DarK aGeS. anD I MuSt aDMIt that It SucceSSfully occuPIeS My atten- tIon. the aIM IS achIeveD. I aM taKen Into another worlD- far froM realIty. 54 LIVE MEDIEVAL II: TOTAL WAR THE KING! 55 THE GLORY OF THE PAST What does the fourth game of the To- tal War series offer us? It simply offers us the world of brave knights, archers and cannons. It is the time when prin- cesses through arranged marriages made firm alliance. It is the time of the greatest European monarchies. At the beginning of the campaign from 21 pos- sible monarchies (17 are available) only 5 are given - the Kingdoms of England, France, Spain the Holy Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The game progresses through several centuries of history, spanning the years 1080- 1530 — the most turbulent period in European history when high diploma- cy and merciless destruction where a way of living. Basically every aspect of medieval life is covered. If you're a Catholic nation you can even get in- Complicated? You just have to concen- my or allow you to build the latest in volved in some popery by getting your trate on your main task: creating and 15th-century military technology. For man elected pope. Having the pope on raising a powerful army and issuing example, building paved roadways your side can be a very powerful thing, movement orders as well as, develop- not only increases trade in a province, because he'll be much more willing ing the economy of your empire. but it also helps speed along troop to overlook some of your aggressive movement; improving farmland, fur- transgressions against your Christian DUALITY thermore, can help generate more neighbors. On the other hand, if the food, and thus more gold which will pope is close to your enemies, the Since it's a Total War game, Medieval be scarce especially at the beginning best you can hope for is to get excom- II has two layers. The "big picture" is of the gameplay. municated, and the worst is that you covered in the turn-based strategic Campaigns will last even longer if you find yourself the target of a crusade. layer, where you can examine a map of choose to fight out each battle in real The papal election basically works like Europe and manage your empire and time when you can use your strategy this: You enlist priests to help maintain real time. From here, you have com- most effectively (there is an option the faith in your provinces. The more mand of all your settlements (towns to let the computer instantly gener- effective a priest, the more likely he'll and castles) as well as your armies, ate the result). I would most certainly be promoted by the church to become navies, and agents. Each turn lasts recommend this way of playing not a bishop, then a cardinal and with a bit six months. You can also construct because of the computer generated of luck a pope. improvements to enhance the econo- results but because there are plenty 56 of jaw-dropping moments in princesses, diplomats, mer- influence over most of the Isles, Medieval II combats and the chants, assassins and spies. but its power is contested by awesome spectacle of the co- Each agent has attributes that the united and rebellious Irish lossal armies is glorious. develop the more he is able led by their chieftain Brian O` Control over all these units is to successfully be used. Prin- Neill and the Welsh united by a bit nightmarish, but battles cesses, for example, have a the Prince Llewellyn ap Gruff- tend to have that effect on "Charm" attribute that governs ydd. In the north, the English command and control, as all their success in diplomacy and have a very weak alliance with plans fall apart once contact the likelihood that a proposal in the fierce Scots but they also with the enemy is made. You marriage will be accepted. Spies have to stop the warlike Nor- are rewarded for using tac- with each completed task gain wegians who are determined tics correctly, like not sending more experience. Diplomacy is to conquer Britannia. Perhaps knights into the teeth of pikes performed by diplomats mainly worst of all, dissent smolders and maneuvering them to hit involving negotiating treaties within its own borders, in the the enemy from the flank or the such as cease fires, alliances form of the English barons, rear. Or you keep your archers and marriages. Inquisitors are who threaten to unify into a safely protected to the rear, controlled by The Papal States full-fledged rebellion. In the ex- where they can inflict the most and are sent to the player's tension the player can also take damage on your enemy. lands if you have fallen out of part in the Crusades Campaign PRINCESSES AND VAGABONTS The list of characters in Medi- eval II is long and diverse. Each character has attributes that determine their prowess. The generals are members of the Royal Family of the chosen faction. A character's actions can affect his attributes - for example, a general who rou- tinely kills prisoners of war and exterminates captured settle- ments may see his "dread" in- crease, making him frightening to foes; a general who prefers to release prisoners and oc- cupy settlements may instead increase his "chivalry", which makes his own troops much braver. Characters can also regress and for example turn favour with the Pope. To get (the Third and Fourth Crusade) to alcoholism or even develop rid of Inquisitors, you can gain as one of the less known fac- paranoia. Some traits, mostly favour with the Pope by build- tions: the Kingdom of Jerusa- positive, are brought out by ing churches and converting the lem, the Seljuk Empire, the Byz- victories in battle: for example, population antine Empire and others. We generals can become increas- also have to mention the fourth ingly scarred as time goes on, THE NEW WORLD campaign - the Teutonic cam- and generals who successfully paign. Starting from the date complete a Crusade gain chival- The success of Mediaeval II was 1250 it focuses on the conflict ry, command, and piety points. evident since it was released between Christianity and the Others accumulate while gov- in 2006, so Sega released its Teutonic Order, represented by erning a city: poorly managed expansion in 2007 Medieval the Eastern European pagans backwaters tend to bring out II: Total War: Kingdoms. It has led by Lithuania. the worst in generals, whereas four new campaigns, focusing advanced; central cities improve on the discovery of the New ANY FINAL WORDS? a general's traits. Owners of World. The Americas campaign strong traits earn epithets, such is set in the early sixteenth cen- The concept of the game is re- as "the Brave," "the Just," "the tury, when war rages across ally amazing. Some of the most Lewd" or "the Corrupt." Central America and the far- noticeable elements are the Captains are leaders of armies away European powers have beautiful graphics and amazing that do not have a family mem- begun to take an interest in battles packed with cinematic ber controlling them. If a cap- the New World. Three distinct moments, complemented with tain is killed or assassinated in groups-Mesoamericans, North the epic, engrossing gameplay battle troop morale decreases Americans, and Europeans are that lets you feel as though and a new captain will instantly colliding, each with separate you're managing a medieval appear and take command of interests. The most important kingdom which makes it both the army in question. If a cap- campaign is the Spanish territo- more interesting and challeng- tain is victorious in a particularly rial conquests and the battles ing. On the other hand, the one sided battle or has shown with the Aztecs who rule a vast gameplay has some draw- excellent leadership, he may territory but do not have a su- backs. You will need a fairly become 'Man of the Hour', and perior army as the Spanish. On powerful system in order to en- comes with an option to adopt the margins we also have the joy it, since it requires a 1.8 GHz him into the Royal Family. If ad- Apachean and the Chichimec processor, 512 MB RAM and opted, he turns into a general tribes who quickly have to find 128MB Graphic card. But it is a and may gain attributes and a way to resist the waves of small price to pay, isn`t it? retinue the Europeans coming from the So, treat yourself and get the In Medieval II each faction has east. At the beginning of the Medieval II: Total War and a number of agents it may use Britannia campaign in 1258, the equipped with a shield prepare to maintain order and influence British Isles are in chaos. The for new victories! other factions. These include: Kingdom of England exercises Ivan Petrushevski 57 Title of the original: rudolph w. Giuliani with Ken Kursor leaDerShIP Print: akademski pecat – Skopje, 2009 he book "LEADERSHIP" by Rudolph picture they receive when they see you describing one of his toughest decisions Giuliani is also part of the program of and hear you. They should see a person when he was suffering from the most dif- the Government of the Republic of who is stronger, but at the same time ficult disease-prostate cancer, which he Macedonia for translating 500 pro- more humane than themselves". overcame and then continued with very fessional books, science books and "Many signs of American humanity origi- important advice how to be ready to pull text books studied at the top, the best nated from the horror of the 9/11 attacks. the trigger when the time is short, how and the most reputable universities in the One of them was the newly discovered to use the creative tension and especially USA and EU member countries. respect toward the police and the fire- how to listen to people. Rudolph William Louis Giuliani is an fighters who risked their lives every single "Promise less, achieve more, promise American politician, former mayor of New day. They did not distinguish whether the only when you are positive and don't York with two mandates, a famous lawyer people in those buildings were black or transform victory to defeat", are the sub and a businessman. He experienced his white, young or elderly, Muslims, Chris- titles in part 7. greatest political fame during and after the tians or Jews. Simply they entered and Great leaders lead according to the ideas. terrorist attack of New York, on Septem- participated in the biggest rescue mission Ideology is the most important when you ber 11, 2001, unselfishly engaging himself in in the history of America". lead some huge organization. People who removing the horrible consequences from The book is divided into three major parts are working for you, the ones that address the air raid. In that period he was called the with sixteen subparts in total out of which you for a response, media, even your rivals, mayor of America and he was named man fourteen are in chapter 2. The first and the have the right to know how you see the of the year for 2001 by the prestigious last –the sixteenth part, are completely world. He is talking about these things in magazine "Time". dedicated to events before and after 9/11. part 8 where the author emphasizes how LEADERSHIP is a wonderful book writ- In the most important part of the sec- to develop and share firm beliefs, how to ten by Rudolph Giuliani and Ken Kurson ond part of the book, Giuliani narrates his reexamine them and discuss them, to be as a co-author while he was working as a own story how he came to a situation direct and resistant to influences, to use mayor of New York, when he energetically to become a leader and a manager and the correct terminology and to stick to our started an arduous and high-risk venture to handle the challenges imposed by the words.. for decreasing the crime and revitalizing function he was performing-Mayor of New "Be your own person, give an example, the city economy. Great part of the book York, giving us examples, setting principles defy the expectations, don't let the critics was written before the 9/11 attacks. This which he personally followed as a lead to define your agenda", are the sub titles in book was republished in 2007 during his success. Thus, in the second part titled part 9 that are about the content of this presidential campaign with the introduc- "Everything has its schedule", he elabo- part in a more detailed way. tion of new content, including the differ- rates on the principles how you should cre- Part 10 is about loyalty as a necessary vir- ent actual problems which the USA was ate an atmosphere, to start with modesty tuosity with a message to defend all those facing. One of the key messages that Ru- but successfully and how to use the small who are attacked and not to let the oth- dolph Giuliani always stresses is "get pre- things to their maximum". ers abuse you because you are not paid pared mercilessly". In the third part entitled "Get prepared for that. The simplest definition of leadership mercilessly", the author points out the val- We already indicated to the principle "Wed- against populism is the one given by Ru- ue of the preparation as key to success in dings as you wish, funerals obligatory", dolph Giuliani: "Leadership means first every field. He writes about the technique which is a title of part 11 whereas part 12 to understand what is right and then which he used very often-visualizing the is titled "Oppose the bullies", of any kind. to explain that to people. Despite that things in his own head and the importance "Study. Read. Learn individually", is the title it is necessary for the people to inform of the necessity to prepare others. of part 13, and part 14 is dedicated to the you what they think it is right and af- In the fourth part entitled "Everybody is fact how to organize yourself about some terwards tell them what they want to responsible at all times", he gives us his intention. hear". "Leadership doesn't happen by personal experiences in managing the de- Part 15 is entitled "Bribe only those who itself. It can be taught, learned and crease of the crime rate in the city and the will stay bribed". developed. There are many ways to management system with responsibility We recommend this book as an unusual be a leader. Some people for example, at complete efficiency, rounding up with one and as a valuable experience and con- Franklin Roosevelt, inspire with aiming the message "do what is possible, try firmed lesson. Not only because it contains speeches. Others, like Jo DiMaggio led with what is impossible!" original views, perceptions, estimates and by giving examples, Winston Churchill Part 5 teaches us to be surrounded by chronology of events during his mandate, and Douglas Macarthur were outstand- great personalities, to analyze the advan- especially during and after the terrorist at- ingly good orators. Ronald Reagan led tages and disadvantages (including the tack on September 11, 2001. through his own powerful and stable personal), how to learn from great teams, The book is a testimony and at the same character-people followed him because how to motivate and how to summarize. time a handbook, a good lesson on how they believed in him. Eventually you will Making the right choice is the most im- to react and what to do in order to lead know which techniques and approaches portant part of leadership. Every other successfully in regular, but also in the hard- work the best- the ones that you hope element-from developing and exchang- est conditions as well in one of the biggest to lead somehow will get you on the ing ideas, to being surrounded with great cities in the world and the financial center right track. Great deal of your capability personalities is based on making good in the USA-New York. to make people do what they are sup- decisions. Therefore "Think, then make posed to do depends on what kind of a decision"- continues Giuliani in part 6, MA Juliana Stojanova 58 STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL MACEDONIAN ROOM MACEDONIA'S I am really grateful for the information AMBASSADORS regarding the Macedonian room in the "Jane Sandanski " barracks in Shtip. At the I have to say that I really liked that in this same time I would like to ask you if there month's issue you presented a different are any other "Macedonian rooms" in the kind of peacekeeper – a woman that other barracks in Macedonia? took care of soldiers' health during their mission in Bosnia. I am eager to Blagica Sterjoska read about the experience of our other soldiers – keepers of the peace and security in the world. Mladen Isailovic answer: answer: Dear Blagica, we hope that you were very Dear Mladen, surprised when you opened page 44. The whole purpose of keeping a peacekeeper's journal is to uncover some Regards, editorial "Shtit" part of our soldiers' experience from the missions in Iraq, Bosnia, Afghanistan and ,fortunately in this issue, Lebanon. OLYMPIANS, WELL DONE Hi, I am truly amazed by our Olympians' Dear readers, results. They are our pride! Furthermore, I would like to point out that I am happy In our new magazine, we are implement- with the fact that your magazine honored ing a new kind of direct contact with their results by putting them on the cover you - our respected audience. Taking in page. consideration that we value your opinion the most, we decided to dedicate this Darko Eftimovski page to you. Please send us your propos- als, opinions and criticism to our e-mail: email@example.com answer: Darko, the skills and effort our professionals showed, earned them the right to be on the cover of this month's issue. Respectfully, editorial "Shtit"
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