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Wrestling Month in Review: August 2014
in Sports
Wrestling month in review for August 2014. Feel free to call in and talk about the month of august in prowrestling!!!!
American White History Month - South African Series
Join American White History Month this Thursday 5th March, 2015 with host Karin Smith and two great guests.
Cuan Elgin "A True Story of South Africa - BULALA".
Deeply researched, the Scottish-Irish-descended South African-born author travelled over 15,500 miles [25,000 km.] across South Africa to every historical site mentioned in the narrative, in his first-hand investigative research. You will learn, laugh, and cry—but more importantly, understand the actual events which transpired in this controversial, southern-most African nation, without the bias of the media or the pressured slant of special-interest groups.
Joining us will be Don Deon -
I started the Southern African Commonwealth (Bondstaat) initiative which aims to reconnect all Southern Africa's diverse people with their heritage and culture and traditions. The first step in this for the Afrikaner people was to setup the SAUK Nuus news website and facebook page. This is vital to give the people their identity back and also crucial in the fight against all the forms of genocide.
I am fighting for TRUE diversity, TRUE multiculturism and True Independence in South Africa for the minorities, and worldwide...
This will be a very informative and entertaining show - so dial in, call in - we look forward to hearing from you
Wrestling month in review July 2014!!!!
in Sports
It's another month in review for pro wrestling. Feel free to call in and talk about the month of July in wrestling from the WWE,TNA and other wrestling companies.
Merry Christmas From the American White History Month Family
in Family
Once upon a time, there was a man who worked very hard just to keep food on the table for his family. This particular year a few days before Christmas, he punished his little five-year-old daughter after learning that she had used up the family's only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. As money was tight, he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve he saw that the child had used all of the expensive gold paper to decorate one shoebox she had put under the Christmas tree. He also was concerned about where she had gotten money to buy what was in the shoebox.
Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!" As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, now regretting how he had punished her. But when he opened the shoebox, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Don't you know, young lady," he said harshly, "when you give someone a present, there's supposed to be something inside the package!" The little girl looked up at him with sad tears rolling from her eyes and whispered: "Daddy, it's not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full." The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.
In a very real sense, each of us has been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God. There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.
On this wonderful Christmas Day in 2014, let us remember the TRUE meaning of Christmas. Christ. Family. Friends. May you and yours have the best Christmas ever from your friends and family at American White Hostory Month and Prepare To Take America Back!
Insurgent Review
in Movies
AreYouScreening.com and BFCA critic, Marc Eastman, and co-host extraordinaire, Shane Leonard, review Insurgent.
We're curious to see how the dynamic duo of Shailene Woodley and Ansel Elgort follow-up their two movie extravaganza from last year. We didn't love Divergent, but we didn't hate it either. Can this one up the game and make the sequel worth your time?
We'll also have some interview clips with the stars, and answer listener questions.
Get Hard Review
in Movies
AreYouScreening.com and BFCA critic, Marc Eastman, and co-host extraordinaire, Shane Leonard, review Get Hard. Is this one worth your time, or have Will Ferrell and Kevin Hart hit rock bottom? We'll let you know if this one is worth your time.
We'll also answer listener questions, and give you a preview of what's coming to theaters.
Inside The New York Times Book Review: 'The Folded Clock'
in Books
This week, Heidi Julavits discusses "The Folded Clock"; Alexandra Alter has news from the literary world; Jeffrey Lieberman talks about "Shrinks"; and Gregory Cowles has best-seller news. Pamela Paul is the host.
Inside The New York Times Book Review: 'The Folded Clock'
in Books
This week, Heidi Julavits and Jeffrey Lieberman.
Inside The New York Times Book Review: 'The Opposite of Spoiled'
in Books
This week, Ron Lieber discusses "The Opposite of Spoiled"; Alexandra Alter has news from the literary world; Harris Irfan talks about "Heaven's Bankers"; and Gregory Cowles has best-seller news. Pamela Paul is the host.
This show is a free for all so that anyone can call in and ask what ever they want. Haters are welcome, and anything goes so if you want to know what we are about please feel free to call and ask. MARSHALL NICELY and the AMERICAN WHITE FAMILY will answer your questions. Whether you like us or not don't be afraid to call into the show. Trust me we are not afraid to answer any and all questions.
Inside The New York Times Book Review: 'The Last Flight of Poxl West'
in Books
This week, Daniel Torday discusses "The Last Flight of Poxl West"; Alexandra Alter has news from the literary world; Frank Bruni talks about Barney Frank's new memoir; and Gregory Cowles has best-seller news. Pamela Paul is the host.
Chappie And Run All Night Review
in Movies
AreYouScreening.com and BFCA critic, Marc Eastman, and co-host extraordinaire, Shane Leonard, review Chappie and Run All Night.
Does Neill Blomkamp's latest deliver the goods? Is Liam Neeson's yet-another-action-vehicle worth the time it takes away from thing with Taken in the title?
We'll let you know the score on these, answer listener questions, and give you a look at upcoming films.
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How To Treat Nhl When You Are Hiv Positive
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Get the Facts
Lymphoma... What Is Lymphoma? How Is NHL Diagnosed? What Causes NHL? How Is NHL Treated? The Bottom Line What Is Lymphoma? Lymphoma is a cancer of white blood cells called B-lymphocytes, or B-cells. They multiply rapidly and form tumors. Lymphoma of the brain or spinal cord is called central nervous system
Ask the Experts
possible to lose HBV anti-body?I was diagnosed in 1/2000 for HCV and HBV (Dr. never tested me for HIV, I suppose because I wasn't gay or drug user... but did have series of massive transfusions, 17+ units in '83 crash) Dx'd with advanced AIDS and CNS NHL in 2007. Went through...
Response from Mark Holodniy, M.D., F.A.C.P., C.I.C.
Stanford University, School of Medicine...Interesting observation. I believe two factors are in play. First HIV treatment you likely received is also effective against HBV. It also looks like they treated you for HBV with those same kinds of drugs. Read more »
HIV & NHLI'm a 50 yo man VIH positive since 1992, cd4=970 VL=<0. My treatment is: Emtriva 200mg qid, Norvir 100mg bid, Lexiva 700mg bid, Viread 300mg qid. In 2001 I got NHL cd4=900 VL= <0 and was treated with CHOP, m-BACOD and Rituxan, my type of NHL was...
Response from Brian Conway, M.D.
University of British Columbia...relapses of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In your case, the biopsy of the lymph node will be the key to differentiating IRIS from NHL from anything else that could be causing the problem. Read more »
HIV and Follicular NHLMy brother is 37 HIV positive now for 12yrs. He survived 3 1/2 years ago stage IV Hodgkins Disease after agressive ABVD chemotherapy. He has now been diagnosed with tumors in his mediastinum, Iliac, he has one pressing on his trachea and also has...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...different from Hodgkin's lymphoma. Once the biopsy results are back, if you and your brother remain confused or concerned about treatment options, getting a second opinion from another AIDS oncologist (perhaps at a major medical research center)... Read more »
Hiv and toxoHello dear Doctor!I was diagnosed with HIV in August last year. Unfortunately, I didn't start with HAART then.I got toxo in February this year and till now it is there. Its decreasing slowly thanks to medicines.I have had epileptical attacks after...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...causes. I would suggest you review the chapters in the Fatigue and Anemia forum's archives entitled "Diagnosis of Fatigue" and "Treatment of Fatigue." You should then discuss your fatigue complaints with your HIV doctor who will perform a... Read more »
Cancers...AIDS epidemic. KS is actually caused by a virus called Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) or HHV-8. But KS behaves and is treated like a cancerous tumor. HHV-8 is transmitted through sexual contact or blood products. KS has always been less... Read more »
Did You Just Test HIV Positive?...health care provider who specializes in treating HIV. Studies have shown that an HIV-positive person whose health care provider treats many HIV-positive people lives longer than a person whose health care provider treats a few HIV-positive... Read more »
Telling Others You're HIV Positive...people you might have exposed, without using your name. Employers You may want to tell your employer if your HIV illness or treatments interfere with your job performance. Get a letter from your doctor that explains what you need to do for your... Read more »
Women and HIV/AIDS... Table of Contents A Look at the Numbers Is HIV Different for Men and Women? Treatment in HIV+ Women: Efficacy, Side Effects, and Drug Interactions Gynecological Issues in HIV+ Women Pregnancy and HIV Read more »
Connect With Others
I am HIV positive, I tested positive a year ago.
Posted by DELRAELADAMSCH, 1 Reply... Hello I am HIV Positive and I have been taking the necessary medication and I tested positive a year ago. Read more »
Am I Infected
Posted by delhiguy, 3 RepliesI am 30 YO guy. Worried that I may have got infected. I met this friend of mine on 5th of Dec 2010 which was just a causual meeting after 5 years. After having drinks she started touching me and I got aroused and we end up mating. While in act, she... Read more »
It'z HIV positive so look 4 the positive side
Posted by lilmisskathy...things dont go the way there supost to bt we learn to get over it things happen 4 a reson i dont blame my real mom for given me HIV in fact I love her for it ... itz made me who i am its apart of me.. it might not be good bt thatz why i take... Read more »
I met an HIV Positive person for the first time
Posted by Barbdoll, 1 Reply...that we all know could change our lives if everyone knew. IT could change the way people look at us in society, the way we are treated in our homes, in our workplace. Just like everything changed when we found out about our status. Sometimes i... Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV

subset: commoncrawl


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Police: Poughkeepsie Man Arrested With Eight Pounds of Marijuana
A traffic stop on the New York State Thruway led to an arrest for a Poughkeepsie man earlier this week.
A traffic stop on the New York State Thruway led to an arrest for a Poughkeepsie man earlier this week.
Overall, the Hudson Valley is a great place to live and work. Yes, there's a lot of traffic and taxes are too high but I never thought we'd end up in the company of cities like Chicago and Cleveland.
My alma mater Marist College has seen it's share of growth over the past decade.
When the Walkway Over The Hudson opened in 1999, few could have predicted the impact it's had on the area.
Authorities have identified the victim of the car crash that happened right around the corner from our radio station in Poughkeepsie on Sunday.
Poughkeepsie will mark this year's 13th anniversary of the September 11th 2001, terrorist attacks by breaking ground for the city's 9/11 memorial park.
Upper Landing Park in Poughkeepsie will house a day of family fun on Saturday, Aug. 9. The Dyson Foundation is sponsoring the free festival from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. to thank the community for its support of the new riverside park's development.
The former "Underwear Factory," a national historic landmark, is going to be renovated as part of a community development project. According to a report in Midhudsonnews.com the $5 million project aims to help revitalize the city.
As of Tuesday June 10th, it's going to cost you.
Ever felt this way at your job? (Warning: Video contains NSFW language)
Say it isn't so, but the Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown metro area has made yet another dubious list. You may remember...Is Poughkeepsie One of America


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need a hen door idea please!!
hello all!
I need ideas for a small door for my hens to get into and out of their coop..this is why,my 2 pygmies are always going in there and eating their food and napping in the roosts!! I know,typical goatie behaviour...anyways it's annoying me to no end now,and I need a door they can get in without the goats following behind.
My coop is a 8x8 resin shed,so I can't drill screws into it or can I?I use to tie the doors together just so they would be open a bit for the hens but now the goats have figuerd out how to squeeze themselves in,and not being able to get back out!!! See my dilema? I need some expert advice please! Thanks in advance xx
What about if you put the door about 5' from the ground. More like a window then a door. Instead of having it low? You could put a perch under it so the hens could fly up to the perch to get inside.
Or cut one of the existing door in half so the top and bottom both opens.
Easier yet, when the hens go in for the night, feed them then. When you let them out for the day pick the feeder up.
Good Luck!
Take a piece of plywood (1/2 inch at least for the weight)about 16"x16" cut an 10"x10" square out of the center and put it back with a hinge then cut an 8"x8" hole in the shed wall and fasten your door assembly to the shed with screws or bolts the smaller hole in the shed will allow an overlap to keep out drafts(fudge the measurements as you see fit IAW your chicken size). Mount it inside or outside as you see fit and latch it as you see fit. Couple of pulleys and a string will let you open/close from outside (just fasten a weight to the bottom of the door to hold it closed0 just an idea.
Either use nuts & bolts or run the wood screw through the plastic into the plywood. Just put a big (1 inch +/-) flat washer on each screw and use screws that are just long enough to go almost through the plywood but not poke through. If they do go all the way through, just backthem out, cut the end off and run it back in. You can give the wood a good coating of something ahead of time to prevent moisture swelling if/when water gets between the wood and plastic, or run a bead ok caulking around the seam.


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NBA rountup: Hawks top Pacers
ATLANTA — Indiana Pacers forward Lance Stephenson had just hit a 3-pointer to cut the Atlanta Hawks' lead to four with 7:30 to play in the fourth quarter. He followed it up by forcing a turnover on Atlanta's next possession, but slipped and lost the ball out of bounds. It's been that kind of stretch for the unraveling Pacers. And the upstart Hawks took full advantage.
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Martinborough Golf ClubNavigation
South-east of the Martinborough Town Centre, lies the Martinborough Golf Course.
18 holes laid out in a beautiful setting, on gently undulating to flat land.
Established over 100 years ago the Martinborough Golf Club has an established course with mature trees, well-kept greens and fairways, and is a full 18 hole, par 72 course, 5546 metres in length. The clubrooms feature bar facilities, catering and changing rooms.
The members are proud to welcome new members, affiliated players and green fee players. Our clubrooms may also be hired for hosting special events -the perfect venue for a wedding or birthday celebration. Check email@example.com or call 06 306 9076 for availability.
View our Office Hours here
Saturday 12 noon :
Club Members Competition
Tuesday 12.00 noon :
"The Grumpies" (mostly older guys)
Wednesday :
Ladies Day
(9 & 18 hole from 9am)
Thursday 12.15 pm:
Men's Thursday Club
View all the upcoming events on the Calendar page.
18 holes
$30 affiliated
$45 non affiliated
9 holes
$20 affiliated
$25 unaffiliated
Sets of Golf Clubs $10
Trundlers $5
Golf carts $30
COMBINED EASTER OPEN TOURNAMENT (18 Holes Each Day)
SAT 4th April @ Martinborough
SUN 5th April @ Featherston
firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
Played Friday 10th April 2015 @ Martinborough Golf Club
Fund Raising for Wairarapa Health Shuttle
Four Person Teams (men and/or women) limited to 36 Teams
Competition Format: Ambrose
Entry: $100 per Team before MON 1st April 2015
Registration 10:30am – Shotgun Start 11am
Entry enquiries to:
Terry Blacktop 06/3068568 or firstname.lastname@example.com
or email@example.com


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(Please view large…) Mount Alpspitze, Lake Riessersee. Grainau, Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
We live in this area this place is 35 minutes from our home.
2373 views as of Jan 28, 2014. 6 Features.
Nikon D90 Nikkor 18-200 VR-II 1/320 F8 ISO200 FL 50mm.
Featured in Rural Around The Globe – June 30, 2011.
Featured in Mountains Across The Globe Group – June 29, 2011.
Featured in Earth and Heavens Group, June 29, 2011.
Featured in European Everyday Life June 28 2011.
Featured in This That and The Other Thing June 25 2011.
Featured in Your Magic Place Group June 25 2011.
What an incredible view! Amazing photo, I truly love this, and it has a very powerful or majestic feel to it. :)
Thank you very much Paula I am so glad you like this image :))
– Daidalos
Awesome view Daidalos! thanks for sharing! take care, Linda
Thank you very much Linda :))
– Daidalos
Stunning landscape!
You sure live in a beautiful area, Alex.
Lovely looking picture with the famous Alps on background.
Best wishes,
Wow thank you very much Kasia! :)))
– Daidalos
Thank you very much Sinclere I am honored!
– Daidalos
Lovely Work .!!
Congratulations on your feature on 28/06/2011
Keep the great work coming.
Wow thank you very much Vaggy!
– Daidalos
Beautiful … I would love to visit this place!
This stands out…Gorgeous!! Dont we all just want to take a looong holiday there!! Nice work!


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American Masters Photographed by Betty Freeman John Cage
John Cage
John Cage
Elliott Carter
La Monte Young
Peter Sellars 1988
Philip Glass in 1977
Steve Reich in 1996
Terry Riley in 1995
Virgil Thomson at home
Virgil Thomson outside his apartment at the Chelsea Hotel
Alan HovhanessPhoto courtesy of C.F. Peters Alan Hovhaness, a prolific composer who melded Western and Asian musical genres, died in Seattle on June 21, 2000. He was 89 and had suffered from a severe stomach ailment for the last three years. Hovhaness was born in Somerville, MA, on March 8, 1911 to Haroutiun Hovhaness Chakmakjian, […]


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Midwest Homes For Pets iCrate Single Door Pet Crate
Intermediate (25" H x 23" W x 36" L) Size
Large (30" H x 28" W x 42" L) Size
Medium (21" H x 19" W x 30"L) Size
Small (19" H x 18" W x 24" L) Size
X Large (33" H x 30" W x 48" L) Size
X Small (16" H x 13" W x 22" L) Size
XX Small (14" H x 12" W x 18" L) Size
Midwest Homes For Pets iCrate Single Door Pet Crate
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
Intermediate (25" H x 23" W x 36" L) Size
Large (30" H x 28" W x 42" L) Size
Medium (21" H x 19" W x 30"L) Size
Small (19" H x 18" W x 24" L) Size
X Large (33" H x 30" W x 48" L) Size
X Small (16" H x 13" W x 22" L) Size
XX Small (14" H x 12" W x 18" L) Size
Additional Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Crate
|Color: Black
|Animal: Dog
|Rust Resistant: Yes
|Odor Resistant: Yes
|Stain Resistant: Yes
|Chew Proof: No
|Leak-proof: Yes
|Flea/Dust Mite Resistant: Yes
|Non-Toxic: Yes
|Lightweight: Yes
|Frame Structure: Hard-sided
|Roof Included: Yes
|Storage Included: No
|Collapsible: Yes
|Maximum Pet Height: 11 Inches
|Recycled Content: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Imported
|Pet Size (XX Small (14" H x 12" W x 18" L) Size): X-Small (10 lbs or less)
|Weight Capacity (XX Small (14" H x 12" W x 18" L) Size): 10 Pounds
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Installation Required: No
|Additional Parts Required: No
|ASTM Certified: Yes
|AZO Free: Yes
Questions & Answers (4)
"Hi, I want to know if this pen (cage) is made of wire or plastic?" asked by Taylor
"How many handles are on the crate, one or two?" asked by Alain
"Hello, what is the weight of this crate?" asked by Lloyd
"Hi, what is the gauge of the wire used for this crate?" asked by Paul
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
Midwest Homes For Pets iCrate Single Door Pet Crate
About the ManufacturerMidwest Homes for Pets, a division of Mid-West Metal Products, produces and markets a variety of products for dogs such as kennel crates, training puppy crates, outdoor kennels, and dog exercise pens. Midwest Homes for Pets does not just accommodate dogs, but they also offer cat playpens, bird cages, rabbit habitats, ferret cages and more! Midwest also offers an expanded line of pet accessories including Quiet Time™ beds for dogs and cats, crate casters, food and water bowls, vehicle barriers and grooming tables. Midwest Homes for Pets also has plans to expand into several other categories that will complement their current product offering, while they continue to have the customers pets in their best interest.
|5 star
|4 star
|3 star
|2 star
|1 star
Customer Reviews
Dog Crate Not for us!
Virginia from Spokane Valley, WA – Verified Buyer– Top 1000 Reviewer
We took the bottom tray out of this crate and place it in the grass in our back yard, and add one kitty! They love it.
Nice Little Crate
Vickie from Campbellsville, KY – Verified Buyer
This is a very nice little crate. I always order the floor with it and put a pad in the tray under the floor, just in case we have an accident. I raise yorkies, so this is a perfect kennel to transport small animals. I have even put cats in them. They slide right in the back seat of the car. I can hook my little food and water bowls in it and add a bed and they are set up. Another thing I do since I have several of them is take the two clamps off one side of the top of the kennel and I have a kennel that I can raise the top and reach into. I put wire ties in the corners to hold them together. They you can put a small snap hook on it if you need to. This will hold it down if you have a jumper or a climber. My dogs love them. I put them in the kennel when I leave the house to keep them safe. I do recommend this kennel to anyone. You can order the appropriate size.
Oreo's Kennel
Kim from Marianna, FL – Verified Buyer
Recently our Shih Tzu (Oreo) broke through our screen door on our back porch, proceeded to dig under our wooden privacy fence and unfortunately was hit by one of our neighbors. After over 3 weeks in the hospital we were allowed to take him home under very specific orders that he remain confined in a kennel. We had 2 other kennels one of which was Oreo's but due to the change in the weather we brought our outdoor dog in the house so that left us needing an additional kennel (as you can guess we have 3 dogs). Any way, we live in a rural town and our local shops here did not have the kennel we needed, I happened up on your site and was surprised at the price and the convenience of delivery! I received the kennel in time so that all our dogs could remain indoors and warm! And I'm happy to say, Oreo is still recovery but doing great! I will be ordering from you again! I am very much a satisfied customer!
Home Crate
Kim from Utah
The little fur friend needed a place to stay while we were all at work. I felt bad having to kennel her up all day, but I just bought new white furniture that she is not allowed on. Since she's like most all our other kids, we couldn't trust her to be left home alone. (Ha ha...kidding kids!) This was the perfect solution. She's a little malteseshitzu and I wanted her to have plenty of roam to move around in there. I purcahsed the medium crate and it is really much more room than she needed. I was surprised at how large it really is. I had the dimensions, but until you see it in person you just can't really tell. It snaps up easily and folds down easily for storage, which makes it nice because you can just slide it right under the bed for easy storage. It's nice and sturdy. I bought it on clearance and couldn't believe what a deal I got!
Great, very sturdy &versatile
Lisa from Elk Grove, CA – Verified Buyer
I have 2 big dogs that go almost everywhere with me. My old crates were chewed up by my dogs, they were a type of canvas. These metal ones have a coating, but are really lightweight to carry in and out of my van, but best of all they are very sturdy. They have two closing latches which secure the gate quick and easy. My dogs seem to love them! And I really like how sturdy they are and my dogs don't bother chewing, because they can see all around them. Also has an easy to remove sturdy tray, so cleaning out dirt is a piece a cake. Overall it's a really great deal, and I am very happy with my 2 crates!
Dog gone good!
June from Canadian, OK – Verified Buyer
I have an adult dog that always insists on waking me up every night, so she had to start sleeping in a crate so I could get a good nights sleep. This met our needs, has good ventilation, easy to put together, a dry pan for the bottom and big enough to give her plenty of room to stretch out. With a pad I made for the bottom and bolster around three sides I really think she like it better than my bed!
Perfect (with one temporary exception)!
Julie from Clifton, NJ
This crate works perfectly for our Cavachon. I highly recommend this model with an adjustable panel for a growing dog. My only issue was when we first brought the puppy home (all 5 pounds of her), the front lip was too high for her to step over. The lip is literally only about 1-1/2", though, so I hate to complain. The plastic tray slides in/out under the lip so I'd imagine most crates have the same issue. After 2-3 weeks of growth she was fine! This crate was a great purchase! Crate training is the way to go with any dog.
Tough, but my Dog is Even Tougher
Susan from Lawrence, KS – Verified Buyer
This crate is really quite amazing. VERY heavy duty, easy to set up, and nicely made - much nicer than any other crate I have seen or purchased. However....it was no match for my 55# puppy! She was able to bend some of the bars and escape. One son-in-law provided me with some of those metal clips, and clipped it back together so she cannot repeat her past escapade. This crate is just perfect for the average dog. Theadora must be a superdog, because she also chewed through a chain link fence. Highly reccomended for all other dogs!
Good crate
Richard B. from College Park, MD – Verified Buyer
We bought this crate for our pound puppy, not knowing just how big she would get. The divider was helpful to keep the area small while she was being house-trained. Our dog is leveling off at 25 lbs. and we might have made do with a crate one size smaller, but I'm glad we got this one because it is comfortable for her when she has to stay in it for a few hours (with a small water bowl, of course). She even wanders in and flops in it when she wants some quiet time. I found it difficult to attach and remove the divider, so I'm taking a star off the rating. But the divider worked, and we needed it only for a couple months during house training. The crate folds flat, but it's pretty big so we haven't tried taking it anywhere. This was my first time crate-training a puppy, and it was good to have a place to put her at night where she would not want to make a mess. I preferred letting her be free in the house during the day, and just watching her closely for signs that she needed to go out, but it isn't always possible to watch a puppy closely. It's also very important to put a dog on a regular schedule of walks, which need to be pretty frequent for a puppy. She should know that she'll get a walk if she holds on until the next regular walking time. Treat your dog as you would want to be treated if your bathroom breaks depended on someone else.
Great crate!
Noelle Rigaud from West Harrison, NY – Verified Buyer
Love this crate! Got it to get away for a few days with my 2 pit mixes & human family, hotel requires them to be crated, though they're very well-behaved. They're each around 48 pounds, so they fit together in the crate & had plenty of room. One dog has separation anxiety, so they were happy to be together & had room to lay out.Only 1 negative: My dog with the separation anxiety started trying to tunnel under the door (my daughter started callling her from outside of the hotel room door) and she managed to break the bottom tray of the crate by pulling it up with her claws while standing on it. Not the manufacturer's fault by any means, just pointing out that like many things, not entirely pitbull proof! Otherwise, great quality for most breeds! Also, it sets up quickly & easily--very convenient!
OUR SKU # MDW1000iCrate Single Door Pet Crate is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 1518, 1522, 1524, 1530, 1536, 1542, 1548, 568417, DMW00763, DMW00764, DMW00765, DMW00766, DMW00767, DMW00768, DMW00769, I-1518, I-1524, I-1530, I-1536, I-1542, I-1548


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All Schools
(1) All Schools
(1) Elementary Schools
(1) Elementary Schools
(1) Preschools
(1) Preschools
(1) All Schools
(1) Elementary Schools
(1) Elementary Schools
(1) Preschools
(1) Preschools
There is 1 private schools in zipcode 06836, CT, serving 864 students.
Minority enrollment is 13% of the student body, which is less than the CT state average of 23%.
The student:teacher ratio of 7:1 is lower than the state private school average of 8:1.
06836, Connecticut Private Schools
- School Location Students Grades
GreenwichGreenwich Country Day School
Po Box 623
Greenwich, CT 06836
(203)863-5600(Non-sectarian)864 students | Gr. PK-9
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Briar RosePaperback Fairy Tales
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- Publisher: St Martin's Press
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- Publication date: 15 August 2002
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A powerful retelling of "Sleeping Beauty" that is "heartbreaking and heartwarming." An American Library Association "100 Best Books for Teens"An American Library Association "Best Books for Young Adults" Ever since she was a child, Rebecca has been enchanted by her grandmother Gemma's stories about Briar Rose. But a promise Rebecca makes to her dying grandmother will lead her on a remarkable journey to uncover the truth of Gemma's astonishing claim: " I am Briar Rose." A journey that will lead her to unspeakable brutality and horror. But also to redemption and hope.
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Jane Yolen is one of the most distinguished and successful authors for young readers and adults in the country. She is the author of more than 200 books--including "Sister Light, Sister Dark," "Owl Moon," and the immensely popular "The Devil's Arithmetic." Her books have won awards including the Caldecott Medal, two Nebula Awards, the World Fantasy Award, the Jewish Book Award, and two Christopher Medals. She lives in Hatfield, Massachusetts.
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"Terrifically moving." --"The Washington Post""Yolen takes the story of Briar Rose and links it to the Holocaust--a far from obvious connection that she makes perfectly convincing...Only a writer as good as Yolen could bring it off." --"Publishers Weekly""Both heartbreaking and heartwarming, Yolen's novel is a compelling reminder of the Holocaust as well as a contemporary tale of secrets and romance."--"Booklist""Showcases Yolen's skill at transforming the real world into a realm of fantasy." --"Library Journal"


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Making the value of technology clear
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With all the legislative developments in Connecticut over the last year or so, it's tough to keep track of all of the changes that your company needs to consider to update your employee handbook and employment policies. Here's a (non-exhaustive) list of some of the changes to consider with a link to more information on… Continue Reading
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Kristina Hultkrantz's Artwork on Etsy
Found! Affordable, Cool Beauty-Inspired Art
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We're way into this work by Stockholm-based illustrator Kristina Hultkrantz. She creates prints ($12–$40) of girly things without getting twee about it. Along with drawings of McQueen's alien shoes and her favorite novels, her Etsy shop offers stylish depictions of makeup, perfume, and other beauty standbys. This poster ($40) appeals to our girliest inclinations, making us think that getting lipstick on our walls might actually be a good thing.
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- This new method for applying blush will knock your socks off — InStyle
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- Classic skin care products to steal from your mom's bathroom —The Gloss
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text: Hi guys, I take collection of my first RC truck/car tomorrow. Im just wondering if anyone can give any good advice into good upgrades that i cound make, plus being new to the sport any think of intrest to myself, ie good web sites or great stores to buy parts from. I feel im really going to enjoy the sport of RC racing hope i bought the right truck. Thanks Stuart


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Domain blocking: Open Dns still blocking websites on some browsersBottom of Page
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Ok i just recently removed my blocked websites from my dashboard everything is working fine except that the website is still blocked on firefox but every other browsers is unblocked
Any reason why
Check this link, see #2
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- CommentTimeMay 3rd 2013
Caches can be really persistent.
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text: Jan 14, 2015 External links . Kate Winslet links at FreeOnes References Mr. Cranky Rates the Movies : Iris. mrcranky.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. If the tip of ... Vanessa Upton - Boobpedia - Encyclopedia of big boobs Jan 25, 2015 Vanessa Upton is an adult model from the United Kingdom who appeared on Page 3 of The Sun and in Loaded's 2005 Rubber Fetish Calendar. She also


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In accordance with the present invention, fluid-flow properties of a rock sample based on NMR response of the hydrogen nuclei of interstitial fluids within the pore space of such sample, can be swiftly and accurately achieved using a computer-controlled, portable NMR instrument. Inherent instrument inadequacy of a DC field inhomogeneity is controllably augmented by a depolarizing code (provided via a computer-controller controlling a transmitter-pulser) to ensure complete magnetic memory erasing prior to a new measuring cycle. Result: Even though the instrument is placed at field sites away from the usual processing center, quick analysis of rock samples as during the drilling of a well, results.
1. Automatic apparatus for swiftly determining fluid-flow properties of a rock sample based on NMR response of hydrogen nuclei of interstitial fluids within pore spaces of said sample in which pseudo random depolarizing pulses must be introduced to increase data-throughput efficiency (DTE) comprising:
(a) magnet means for producing a DC magnetic field acting on said rock sample, said magnetic field having an intensity of at least 1 kilogauss and an inhomogeneity of at least D gauss to aid in providing a series of nuclear magnetization build-ups associated with said interstitial fluids within said sample as a function of time;
(b) RF coil means acting at right angles to said DC magnetic field;
(c) transmitter means including digital control means for generating a first and a second control code associated with a series of RF magnetic pulses of selected frequency, amplitude and duration, connected to said RF coil means, said first control code controlling the production of said RF magnetic pulses for interrogating said sample, said second control code controlling the depolarizing of the said sample via a series of pseudo randomly spaced and oriented RF depolarizing pulses, said amplitude of each interrogating and depolarizing pulse being controlled to be at least greater than the variation D in said DC field over of said sample;
(d) receiver means connected to said digital control means and to said RF coil means for generating via a third control code associated with a plurality of time windows, output signals proportional to said nuclear magnetic resonance response of said interstitial fluids;
(e) said transmitter means including said digital control means providing via said depolarizing code an extremely short depolarizing period, so that said sample can be repetitively interrogated to serially indicate nuclear magnetization relaxation.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the control means of said transmitter means includes storage means, said second depolarizing control code being stored at said storage means on a sequential basis as control words each having informational fields previously generated via pseudo random numbers for determining both (i) next-in-time quiescent interval values, and (ii) orientation of the next-in-time depolarizing pulse whereby the magnetic moments of said nuclei of said sample are depolarized within a surprisingly short depolarizing period.
3. Apparatus of claim 2 in which the depolarizing period is in a range of 15-25 milliseconds.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said receiver means is connected in series with an integrator circuit and wherein said third control code, normalize said NMR responses over a plurality of said time windows to attain first and second statistically-improved signals representing magnetization relaxations for different sets of time intervals between interrogation pulses.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said integrator circuit integrates said NMR responses in accordance with said third control code over each of said plurality of time windows to obtain at least an improved signal representing the normalized nuclear magnetization relaxation in said DC magnetic field between application of said RF magnetic interrogation pulses.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inhomogeneity of the DC magnetic means aids in preventing refocusing of prior generated NMR signals during subsequent magnetization build-ups, especially at long polarizing periods.
7. A method for swiftly determining fluid-flow properties of a rock sample based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) response of hydrogen nuclei of interstitial fluids within said sample in which pseudo random depolarizing pulses must be introduced in order to increase data-throughput efficiency (DTE) comprising:
(a) storing digital control codes associated with (i) a first and second series of RF magnetic pulses of selected frequency, duration and magnitude, and (ii) a plurality of time windows for detection of a plurality of NMR response signals;
(b) placing the rock sample in a steady DC magnetic field having a strength of at least 1 kilogauss and an inhomogeneity of at least D gauss to aid in providing a series of nuclear magnetization build-ups associated with said interstitial fluids;
(c) under control of said control codes, subjecting said sample to said first series of RF magnetic field pulses for interrogating said samples to cause reorientation of each of said series of built-up magnetizations and, after each magnetization build-up has occurred, subjecting said sample to said second series of pulses for depolarizing said sample, the magnitude of each of said series of pulses being greater than the variation D in strength in said DC field over said sample, said second series of pulses being both pseudo random in time and pseudo randomly oriented in space about said sample; and
(d) automatically detecting after interrogation, but before depolarization, in accordance with said control codes, said plurality of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals indicative of nuclear magnetization relaxation, each of said NMR signals occurring between said secessive pulses of said first series of RF field pulses intermixed with a single depolarizing period.
8. A method for swiftly determining fluid-flow properties based on NMR response of hydrogen nuclei of interstitial fluid within rock samples, which properties may include porosity, permeability, recoverable fluid content, large-pore specific surface, argillaceous specific surface, or any combination or subcombination of these properties, in which pseudo random depolarizing pulses must be used in order to increase data-throughput efficiency (DTE), of a measuring system comprising:
(a) storing at least an interrogating, a depolarizing and a detection control code associated with (i) a first and second series of RF magnetic pulses, respectively, of selected frequency duration and magnitude, and (ii) a plurality of time windows for detection of a plurality of NMR response signals;
(b) placing the rock sample in a steady DC magnetic field having a strength of at least 1 kilogauss and an inhomogeneity of about D gauss to aid in providing a series of nuclear magnetizations build-ups associated with said interstitial fluid within said rock sample, said each nuclear magnetization having a preferential alignment parallel to said DC magnetic field;
(c) subjecting said sample on a sequential basis to said first series of RF magnetic pulses for interrogating said sample to cause reorientation of said magnetization to preferred alignments offset from said DC field, and after magnetization build-up has occurred, subjecting said sample to said second series of pulses for depolarizing said sample, said amplitude of said series of pulses being greater than the variation D in strength of said DC field over the sample, said second series of pulses being pseudo randomly spaced in time and pseudo randomly oriented in space about said sample;
(d) automatically detecting after interrogation, but before depolarization, in accordance with said detection code, NMR responses associated with precession of said magnetization build-ups about axes substantially parallel of said DC field magnetic field within said plurality of time windows, each of said windows occurring within an interval between two of said interrogation pulses and a single depolarizing period and within subintervals beginning at a fixed delayed time after cessation of each of said interrogation pulses; and
(e) automatically repeating steps (c) through (d) whereby a different predetermined average repetition rate for said interrogation pulses is associated with a constant depolarizing period to obtain at least a second statistically-improved signal representing nuclear magnetization relaxation in said DC magnetic field within at least a different average time interval between said interrogation pulses, whereby flow properties of said sample can be quickly indicated.
9. Method of claim 8 in which step (e) involving repeating steps (c)-(d) is followed by the step of analyzing relative rates of magnetization relaxation as a function of time to thereby indicate fluid-flow properties of said sample.
10. The method of claim 8 in which said depolarizing code is stored on a sequential basis as control words each having informational fields previously generated via pseudo random numbers for determining both (i) next-in-time quiescent interval values, and (ii) orientation of the next-in-time depolarizing pulse of said depolarizing code whereby the magnetic moments of said nuclei of said sample are depolarized within a surprisingly short depolarizing period.
11. The method of claim 10 in which the polarizing period generated by said depolarizing code is in a range of 15-25 milliseconds.
My following applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference:
__________________________________________________________________________Ser. No. Filed Title__________________________________________________________________________255,978 Abandoned 4/15/81 FOR "PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE"255,977 U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,179 4/15/81 FOR "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE WHEREIN THE TIMES OF RF INTERROGATION ARE DISTRI- BUTED OVER AT LEAST A CYCLE AT THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIZATION PRECESSIONAL FREQUENCY"255,975 U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,178 4/15/81 FOR "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE WHEREIN A DC MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENT IS ARTIFICIALLY INTRODUCED"255,976 U.S. Pat. No. 4,408,161 4/15/81 FOR "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE SPIN ECHO NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE"255,979 U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,613 4/15/81 FOR "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE"__________________________________________________________________________
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining physical properties of porous media and more particularly to indication of fluid-flow properties of ultrasmall samples of such media by a computer-controlled, small, portable NMR instrument. In accordance with the present invention, an inherent inadequacy of the instrument, viz., DC field inhomogeneity is controllably augmented by a randomly generated RF depolarization code that shortens the depolarization cycle to a minimum. In this aspect, the present invention maintains flow-through efficiency, i.e., the number of responses provided per unit time, at a surprisingly high level. Result: Flow properties of samples including porosity, permeability and recoverable fluid content, can be quickly estimated in remote field sites irrespective of instrument idiosyncrasies.
In a number of my prior applications, op. cit., I describe using a portable NMR instrument so that flow properties of rock samples can be accurately and swiftly measured, especially at remote field locations. The described principle of operation: spin-lattice relaxation times of fluids in chip samples, can be accurately correlated with flow properties of different rock samples.
In a lesser number of my prior applications, op. cit., I describe difficulties of NMR instruments that did not have characteristics of which I based my prior advances: large DC field inhomogeneity and unusual background phase incoherence. I found in a number of applications that at least one of the above-mentioned conditions had been eliminated.
To take into account such instrument variation, in my co-pending application, Ser. No. 255,977, filed Apr. 15, 1981, U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,179, op. cit., I reinserted phasal incoherence into the system. Method of insertion: a gating code was created by a computer-controller for controlling a transmitter-pulser such that RF interrogation is limited in distribution to at least a cycle at the nuclear magnetization precessional frequency. While the above gating code was useful in many circumstances, it is still desirable to have a system that has the capability of more flexible operations, viz., to be useful in field situations irrespective of whether (or not) phasal incoherence is (or is not) inherently present in the field system, yet continue to provide the improved flow-through efficiency of my previous embodiments.
In accordance with the present invention, fluid-flow properties of rock samples based on NMR response of the hydrogen nuclei of interstitial fluids within the pore space of such samples, can be swiftly and accurately achieved using a computer-controlled, portable NMR instrument. In the invention, a pseudo randomly generated RF depolarization code augments DC field inhomogeneity. Result: the depolarization cycle is shortened to a minimum. In this aspect, the present invention maintains flow-through efficiency, i.e., number of responses provided per unit time, at a surprisingly high level. Thus, flow properties of samples including porosity, permeability and recoverable fluid content, can be quickly estimated irrespective of instrument/operator location, and instrument idiosyncrasies.
Also of importance in the code creation by the present invention, is the fact that the spacing between the RF depolarizations pulses as well as the orientation of the particular next-in-time depolarizing pulse, viz., a 90 or a 180 degree pulse, are pseudo randomly determined. While there is a need for the sample to go through a depolarization cycle to attain a reproducible initial state (i.e., a zero polarization), such cycle is remarkably short, say in a range of 14-25 milliseconds. Result: prior magnetic memories associated with the NMR responses (especially of shorter polarizing periods) are quickly erased so that a new measuring cycle can begin quickly.
FIG. 1 illustrates a well drilling environment in which a computer-controlled pulsed NMR instrument and method of the present invention has use.
FIG. 2 illustrates in bllock form the apparatus of FIG. 1 including a computer-controller for generating at least two sets of codes--an interrogation code and a depolarization code--for testing of ultrasmall samples of a porous earth formation in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are flow diagrams illustrating the manner in which the computer-controller of FIG. 2 generates the depolarization code in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating in particular the sequence of using a depolarization code followed by an interrogation code in accordance with the method of the present invention.
While the environment of particular use of the present invention, viz., in an on-site drilling of an earth formation has been previously described in my prior applications, op. cit., a brief review is believed to be in order and is present below with reference to FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, earth formation 10 is seen to be penetrated by well bore 11 under drilling conditions. That is to say, drill bit 12 of drill string 13 is being rotated via swivel 14, Kelly bar 15 and rotary drill table 16. Result: Drill chips accumulate at the bottom of the wellbore 11.
In order to bring the rock chips up from the bottom of the wellbore 11 (as well as to cool bit 12) the conventional drilling technology employs a drilling fluid. The fluid continuously circulates in the wellbore 11 after its continuous introduction uphole at the surface of the formation 10.
The drilling fluid is formed at a mixer 17. When properly mixed, the fluid passes via line 18, swivel 14, and Kelly bar 15 and thence down drill string 13. After exiting from the drill string 13, the fluid cools the drill bit 12 as well as picks up rock chips at the bottom of the wellbore 11. After traveling up the annulus 20 (between the sidewall 21 of the wellbore 11 and the drill string 13), the fluid exits uphole via line 23 to a Blooie box 22. After various levels of separation have occurred in the box 22, the fluid comes to rest at sump 24. Rock chips previously entrained in the fluid are quickly gathered, and after brief preparation, as explained below, are analyzed at the well site by a pulsed NMR instrument 30 located within truck 31. The purpose of such analysis: to determne the fluid-producing potential of the earth formation 10 as a function of depth, in a quick and accurate manner. Of importance in this regard is the fact that annotation of the rock samples with drilling depth can be gathered from shieve 25 attached to swivel 14 via cable 26 and support bar 27.
It should be apparent that quick evaluation of the fluid-producing potential of the earth formation 10 is exceedingly helpful to the field operator. For example, the operator is interested in quickly determining the following: if the rock samples have the necessary porosity associated with quantities of petroleum: if they have the necessary permeability to permit the fluid contents to flow towards possible producing wells; and whether or not the rock samples contained (in-situ) fluids of interest.
Then decisions can be made at the well site about, e.g., when to change from straght drilling to coring, when to run logs and when to make formation tests without the necessity of using conventional time-consuming methods and techniques. Recall in this regard that prior art NMR instruments described in my co-pending application Ser. No. 255,979, Pat. No. 4,389,613 for "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE", included a step for allowing the nuclei of the interstitial fluids to return to equilibrium in laboratory environments each time a response was sought. A 180 degree RF pulse applied to the sample was followed by a 90 degree RF pulse. But total depolarization time per NMR response was long, about 6 seconds. So in addition to the fact that field samples had to be taken to off-site centers for NMR evaluations, that evaluation itself was elongated in time due to long depolarization periods required by the associated NMR instruments.
Attention is now directed to FIG. 2 in which computer-controlled pulsed NMR instrument 30 of the present invention is shown in more detail.
NMR instrument 30 incorporates many usual elements, e.g., a sample holder 32 into which the rock chips are placed. Mechanically, the holder 32 is surrounded by co-extensive and colinear coils 34A and 34B at right angles to a DC field of magnet 35.
Timed operations are determined by computer-controller 36. The computer-controller 36 generates, inter alia, at least three series of digital control codes (signals) in bit form which, via trigger circuit 39, control oscillator 40 and hence the triggering of pulser 41--an interrogation code, a depolarization code, and a detection code.
By the first-mentioned code, pulser 41 in effect "interrogates" the sample through a series of magnetic pulses oscillating at the Larmor frequency for hydrogen nuclei in the DC field of magnet 35. Result: A series of NMR responses associated with a succession of nuclear magnetization build-ups in the DC field of magnet 35, can be indicated via receiver 42 and its associated circuitry: integrator 43, in circuit with display 45 via gate 44.
At integrator 43, each nuclear magnetization signal is monitored and stored (via capacitor charging circuits) under direction of other pulse codes provided by computer-controller 36, say, at gate 44. The NMR signals are ultimately displayed at display 45. These signals first undergo normalization. Hence, they represent only magnetization build-up within an average time interval (not the total time for all polarizing intervals), between interrogation pulses.
Operations of the computer-controller 36 are, of course, also communicated to receiver 42 and integrator 43 to key their operations as well as that of display 45, as indicated below, via additional pulse codes.
Of primary concern in the control of pulser 41 is to assure that the starting angular position of nuclear magnetization, triggered by the interrogation pulses, is random with time. In this regard, the present invention uses a pseudo randomly generated polarization code for controlling via pulse generator 37 and gate network 38 the RF coils 34A and 34B to assure such an equilibrium state but in minimum time.
Also of importance in the code creation by the present invention, is the fact that the spacing between the RF depolarizations pulses, i.e., quiescent time interval, as well as the particular orientation of next-in-time depolarizing pulse, viz., a 90 or a 180 degree pulse, are pseudo randomly determined. Thus, while there is a need for the sample to go through a depolarization cycle to attain a reproducible initial state (i.e., a zero polarization state), such cycle in the present invention, is remarkably short, say in a range of 14-25 milliseconds. Result: echoes of prior generated NMR responses especially those associated with shorter polarizing periods, are quickly erased.
But before the depolarization code of the invention is examined in detail, a review of the key NMR terminology may be beneficial. Such description can be found at correlatable pages of my related application for "COMPUTER-CONTROLLED, PORTABLE PULSED NMR INSTRUMENT AND METHOD OF USE", Pat. No. 4,389,613, op. cit., which is hereby incorporated herein by reference to that application. Since such incorporation cannot occur until the former has been allowed, such material is provisionally set out below between brackets.
Hydrogen nuclei of entrained fluids of the rock samples within the holder 32 have magnetic dipole moments which produce magnetic fields somewhat like those of tiny magnets. Were it not for the fact that the moments are within the influence of the DC field of magnet 35, their fields would be randomly oriented and not produce an observable external magnetic field. But since they are subjected to such DC field, their associated magnetic fields become aligned with the DC field, say in direction of arrow 46. At the same time, a scrambling effect due to thermal motion is produced. It tends to prevent such alignment. Result: A slightly preferential alignment in the direction of the arrow 46 (called the "polarization") occurs. Note that the polarization is proportional to the strength of the DC field of magnet 35 that causes the alignment but inversely proportional to absolute temperature, the latter being a measure of thermal motion tended to scramble the system of nuclear magnetic moments.
The nuclear magnetization corresponds to the polarization, and produces a magnetic field which can be detected. Note that the nuclear magnetization does not immediately occur when the DC field is applied nor does it decay immediately when the DC field is removed or vice versa as when the holder 32 (with samples therein) is placed in or removed from the steady-state DC field of magnet 35. The process of the approach of the nuclear magnetization to its new equilibrium value when the magnetic field is changed is called "relaxation" and the corresponding times are called "relaxation times."
In addition to being little magnets, fluid nuclei within the holder 32, are also like little gyroscopes, and the applied DC magnetic field of the magnet 35 will twist them just as gravity twists a spinning top. Result: The nuclei precess. That is, they precess unless they are aligned with the DC magnetic field just as the toy top precesses so long as it is not aligned with the earth's field of gravity.
A precessing nuclear magnetization produces a rotating magnetic field which in turn generates electric signals which can be detected. Precessional frequencies are directly proportional to the strength of the twist causing the precession, that is to say, it is directly proportional to the strength of applied DC magnetic field of the magnet 35, and the precessional frequency is 4.2577 kilohertz per gauss of applied DC field for hydrogen nuclei of interest.
Two things must be present to obtain a precessing nuclear magnetization: First, the magnetization must be produced, by the placement of holder 32 (with sample) in the DC magnetic field provided by magnet 35 for an appropriate length of time. Second, the magnetization and magnetic DC field must somehow be made not parallel to each other as by (i) manipulating the magnetic fields to reorient the nuclear magnetization, or (ii) reorienting the magnetic fields so that the magnetization is subjected to a magnetic field in a new direction.
In nuclear magnetism logging, the concept set forth in item (ii) is used, i.e., proton precession is caused to take place in the earth's field after the nuclear magnetization has been gathered in a direction in the borehole perpendicular to the earth's field; when the polarizing field is cut off, the magnetization is left to precess about the earth's field.
In pulsed NMR technology, the opposite is done. The magnetization is first generated by means of the permanent magnet 35 in the direction of arrow 46 and then it is reoriented by means of briefly applied radio-frequency magnetic fields at right angles to the DC field via coil 34A, and then it is allowed to precess about the DC field.
A convenient way to visualize reorientation of the nuclear magnetization associated with the hydrogen nuclei within the holder 32 is via the analogous use of a rotating frame of reference.
It can be shown mathematically and is plausible intuitively that assuming a reference frame rotating with the same frequency as that of the RF magnetic field applied via coil 34A to cause precession, then in the rotating frame the reorientation of the nuclear magnetization occurs as if certain magnetic fields were cancelled. If additional fields are present (other than those apparently cancelled), then is may be easy to visualize their effect.
As a simple example, assume that a reference frame rotates at exactly the precessional frequency of the nuclear magnetization in the DC field of the permanent magnet 35. Then in the rotating frame the magnetization is apparently not subject to the action of any magnetic field at all. As the oscillating RF field (via coil 34A) is applied exactly at the precessional frequency of the hydrogen nuclei (again, being exactly the frequency with which the reference frame rotates), the oscillating RF field, in effect, consists of two rotating fields. Each has half the amplitude of the oscillating field and rotates in opposite directions. Result: Their components perpendicular to the oscillating field cancel, while their components parallel to the oscillating field add so that each equal to half the oscillating field. One of these rotating fields appears to stand still, that is, the one that is rotating the same way as is the reference frame, and causea a steady precession of the nuclear magnetization about it. But, the one rotating the other way now appears to rotate twice as fast, and alternates directions so rapidly that it has no effect.
Consider that 20 gauss is the strength of the RF field applied via the coil 34A at right angles to the DC field of magnet 35. Thus, the strength of a rotating component is 10 gauss. Consider also that the DC field of the magnet 35 (about 2400 gauss) is absent in the rotating frame of reference leaving what appears to be a static field of 10 gauss (plus another 10 gauss field rotating so fast it is ineffectual), acting in the direction of arrow 46. The nuclear magnetization precesses about the 10 gauss field. (turns about this field as an axis) at a frequency of 42577 hertz (10 gauss�4257.7 hertz per gauss) corresponding to a period of 23.5 microseconds.
If the RF field is applied for 23.5 microseconds, the magnetization would have precessed one full cycle, and would be oriented just as it was before application of the RF field by the coil 34A. However, suppose the RF pulse of the coil 34A is supplied just under 6 microseconds. Then, the magnetization initially parallel to the DC field, precesses about a quarter cycle (90� in the rotating frame end), leaving the magnetization at right angles to the strong DC field. Since it is at right angles when the RF pulse terminates, conditions necessary for magnetization precession exists. Result: An NMR response is established. Such responses can be averaged over a series of polarizing times, provided there is rapid coordination of operations including creation of a proper depolarization code at computer-controller 36 each polarizing cycle.
FIGS. 3 and 4 depict details of the depolarization code created for use within computer-controller 36.
In FIG. 3, note the parallel generation of two aspects of such code: (i) at 100 where the magnitude of the next-in-time quiescent time interval is determined, such value to be assigned to the time interval occurring before the next-in-time depolarizing pulse; and (ii) at 101 where the identity of such next-in-time depolarizing pulse is set forth. Both processes are seen to terminate when the decisional step 102 is answered affirmatively.
FIG. 4 details the processes 100 and 101 in more detail.
As shown, quiescent interval generation at 100 requires first the inputting, in sequence, of a series of pseudo random numbers on tape 103 previously created, to a call-in window at 104. Next, the specific called-in random number is scaled at 105 and after passing through decisional step 106, the up scaled value is stored as part of the depolarization code at 108.
Its address is provided on the basis of the next-in-time pulse.
Similarly, pulse triggering generation at 101 requires in the inputting of a similar series of pseudo random numbers via tape 110 to a second call-in window at 111 using a similar addressing scheme. Next, the specific called-in number is evaluated at decisional step 112 as either a 180 degree pulse (seen in the FIG. 4 as passing to storage 108 via loop 113) or as a 90 degree pulse passing to the same storage 108 as did the prior 90 degree pulse, but via loop 114. That is to say, if the random number that has been selected randomly by the computer-controller is in, say a range of 0.5000000000 to 1.0000000000, that particular number is diverted via loop 113 via decisional step 115 to storage 108 with appropriate address flag indicating the pulse is a 180 degree control pulse. In a similar manner, if the called-in random number is in a range of 0000000 to 0.499999999999, that number is diverted via loop 116 through decisional 118 to storage 108 and appropriately flagged as a 90 degree trigger pulse. Note that the information related to next-in-time (i) values of quiescent time intervals and (ii) pulse identity, viz., 90 to 180 degree pulses, form a single depolarizing code comprising a series of control words each of which defining at least two fields that flag (i) next-in-time values of the series of quiescent time intervals that make the depolarization cycle, and (ii) next-in-time pulse identity for the same cycle. After generation in accordance with FIGS. 3 and 4, the control code is placed in storage with the computer-controller 36. But since each of the above items, viz., items (i) and (ii) supra, begin with the use of random numbers a brief review is in order and is set forth below.
Generating the pseudo-random numbering tables of tapes 103 and 110 is conventional. Within the art, extensive use has already been made of control codes embodied on magnetic tape, so it is unnecessary to discuss where the codes are generated. That is, the art has now progressed to the point that such codes no longer must be generated at a remote computer center and transported on magnetic tape to a field location. Codes can now be generated "in real time" at field sites using microprocessors, and it seems possible that in the future this will become the preferred way to generate them.
One way is to use the well-known subroutines in the IBM Scientific Subroutine Package: RANDU, to generate a set of uniformly-random numbers. Other ways of generating suitable sets of numbers have been discussed by Lewis in the IBM Systems Journal No. 2 (1969) and by Knuth in his book "Seminumerical Algorithms" (Vol. 2 of the "Art of Computer Programming", Addison Wesley Pub. Co.). However it is done, the desired objective is simply the preparation of two sets of pseudo random numbers for use with the control code of the present invention.
The discussion here will concern itself with some of the possible options in preparing a control code particularly suited for the practice of this invention.
To begin, consider the length of time that each depolarization cycle is operative: viz., about 15-25 milliseconds; also, assume that the pulse length of the RF pulses is fixed, say 4.5. microseconds for a 90� pulse and about 9.0 microseconds for a 180� pulse. Hence for say 20 milliseconds the code will require between 40-60 control words. These may be generated in several ways conventional in the art.
FIG. 5 illustrated operations of the present invention by comparing--on a time basis--the relationship of the interrogation, depolarizing and detection codes generated by computer-controller 36 and the effect of such signals at associated circuitry.
It should be first recalled from FIG. 2 that the computer-controller 36 generates as least three sets of pulse codes (in bit form).
In general, at least one set is associated with the generation of the interrogating RF pulses 82 as previously mentioned. Such code supervises signal characteristics such as pulse width 83 and pulse amplitude 84 and gate enabling rate via generator 37 and network 38.
Another set, as previously mentioned, relates to the detection of the resulting NMR signals. Of particular importance in this regard is the control exercised over time windows 88 of FIG. 5. Key to operation: The fact that such code can be easily used to divide the time domain associated with each window 88 into a plurality of sub-intervals; hence, it is a simple matter to have each window 88 open a selected number of sub-intervals after cessation of each interrogation pulse 82 as well as close, on command, after a second number of intervals has passed.
Yet another set of code relates to the depolarizing code associated with the present invention. The last-mentioned code results in the generation over depolarizing period 90 of FIG. 5, a series of pseudo random rapid depolarization pulses 91 situated and chosen in the manner of FIGS. 3 and 4. Result: the hydrogen nuclei of the fluids within the sample are randomly oriented with time in a surprisingly short period of time. That is to say, the starting angular positions of the nuclear magnetization of the nuclei as triggered by the interrogation pulses 82 is random with time before another interval 81 starts.
Of particular importance is the fact that integrity of depolarization is maintained irrespective of the pseudo random nature of the quiescent intervals 92 occurring between the orientation of the depolarizing pulses 91. In this regard, note that the 90� RF pulse width 93 of the depolarization pulses 91 is essentially constant from like pulse-to-like pulse over the depolarization cycle, about equal to 4.5 microseconds but is about one-half that of the 180� RF pulse width 94. Their amplitudes are essentially the same, however. Hence, the depolarizing code of the present invention must not only take into account the time span available, i.e., the depolarizing period 90, the quiescent intervals 92 but also the orientation of the depolarizing pulses 91, viz., a 90� or 180� pulse. This occurs, of course, in time synchronization with the polarization and precessional operations of the system.
That is to say, from a control standpoint, all control codes interact to maintain the integrity of each selected polarizing, detecting and depolarizing period during each measuring cycle. In that way, operations can proceed orderly from level-to-level without interruption.
For example, assume four series of polarizing periods (each series akin to the polarizing period 81, FIG. 5) are to be used and say these polarizing periods are 10, 20, 30 and 40 milliseconds, respectfully, and that the depolarization periods 90 will have a constant value, say equal to 25 milliseconds per each measuring cycle. Since in each case the RF magnetic pulses widths 83, 93 and 94 the maximum quiescent intervals 92, are known, the periods of the polarizing versus depolarizing cycle are likewise pre-determinable, namely, for the aforementioned 10, 20, 30 or 40 milliseconds the polarizing periods of each known, as are the three depolarizing periods, i.e., equal to 25 intervening milliseconds following each polarizing period.
Assume also that each polarizing period 81 and each depolarizing period 90 is to be repeated 20 times. That is to say, each NMR response 85 associated with a respective 10, 20, 30 or 40 millisecond polarizing period, is to be repeated 20 times before the next operational level occurs. Thus, the computer-controller 36 would essentially track three variables: (1) time increments within the preset polarizing periods of 10, 20, 30 or 40 milliseconds, and (2) the iterative number of polarizing periods within the maximum allowed 20 NMR periods needed per measuring cycle, and (3) the intervening number of depolarizing periods. Result: As the number of magnetization build-ups (due to the DC magnetization field 80 of magnet 35 acting on the hydrogen nuclei) and depolarizing periods 90 are counted, the associated NMR responses 85 can be recorded in a highly accurate manner. In the present invention, a control counter (of the computer-controller 36) is associated with a supervising register similarly located; together they can be utilized on a MATCH count basis to supervise operations. For example, in any polarizing (or depolarizing) period when the count of the counter matches that in storage, the supervising register decrements its pre-existing count by ONE and then resets the control counter to zero so that the latter can begin anew.
That is to say, to provide iterative detection and recording of the NMR signal as explained below, the computer-controller 36 makes use of the MATCH basis of scorekeeping in the control counters and registers to allow the process to be repeated and then to be rerepeated until the decremented count at a particular supervising register reaches a zero count value. At that occurrence (say, at the occurrence of the 20-in-20th measuring increment), a new supervising register count can be triggered to initiate operations of the next level of the operations whereby a new series of NMR responses associated with a different magnetization period (but having the same depolarizing period) can be rapidly provided. The process continues until the lowest level of the cycle is reached at which time operations terminate.
Since the receiver 42 preferably includes diode rectification subcircuitry, its signal receiver output 85 is only an envelope 87 of the positive peaks of the precessional signals 87A, not their absolute values. That is to say, responses 75 of FIG. 3 are first seen as signals 87 (associated with receiver 42) and next seen as signals 89 (associated with integrator 43).
Signals 89, of course, result from positive rectification of the decaying precessional signals 87 over the time window 88 and can represent feedback operations of an operational amplifier incrementally charging a capacitor to a peak amount proportional to be integrated rectified voltage produced during signal gates at the receiver 42. Only after the repetitive measuring cycle has been completed, say 20 repetitions, does the capacitor become discharged. Its ultimate value (as well as intermediate values) are indicated at display 45 as a cumulative display.
I.e., to say, the display at display 45 is normalized by dividing the total display count by the number of measuring repetitions, and the ultimate value is held for display as long as required, usually until a reset signal (see FIG. 2) is received from the computer-controller 36 to initiate a new cycle. During that period, a hardcopy printer or a tape recorder (not shown) can record the display. Note in this regard that since coils 34A and 34B are co-extensive, they also are, unfortunately, interactive. I.e., when coil 34A radiates RF pulses 82 and 91, such pulses are also detected at coil 34B (and receiver 42). Hence, a need exists to disable the receiver 42 for selected sub-intervals of time via line 47 connected to the computer-controller 36 which cooperatively function to "blank off" the receiver 42 as the transmitter-pulser 41 is activated.
Further refinements in the timing of operations can also be provided by the computer-controller 36 at, say gate 44 which provides a synchronizing function. Result: generation of a particular and repetitive time windows 88 over which the amplitude magnetization per unit time can be measured. Although the time frame of the windows 88 is constant within the measuring cycle, it can be lengthened (time-shifted) as desired, e.g., the computer-controller 36 can accurately control both the delay times and polarizing and depolarizing intervals so that each series of the time windows open a preselected time increment after the transmitter-pulser 41 has been activated, as well as closes at the appropriate time, say as measured from zero-crossing of the same pulser output. Result: The magnetization build-up over the time windows 88 can be properly gated to an integrator 43 where amplitude accumulation over the repeated measuring cycle occurs, viz., so that the amplitude per window increment is accummulated at the integrator 43 for the entire 20 NMR measuring periods. Then as dictated by a change in operational level within the computer-controller 36, the integrator 43 is reset to zero, and a new measuring cycle begins.
In order to further understand the complexity of providing a series of polarizing and depolarizing periods note that both the DC magnetic field 80 and the RF fields are inhomogeneous in space. That is, not all of the fluid nuclei within the sample experience the same DC field or the same RF field. So even if the RF frequency is correctly tuned so that the DC field is exactly cancelled for one point in the sample volume, there will be other nuclei in the sample where the DC field is undercancelled or overcancelled. But since each quiescent interval 92 that precedes the next-in-time depolarizing pulse 91 as well as the 90� or 180� orientation of such next-in-time pulse are generated in pseudo random fashion, the adjacent parts of the nuclei (that were previously under- or over-cancelled) themselves undergo cancellation. Also if the volume in the sample is large compared to the DC field variation, the sample volume will experience different DC fields from part-to-part within the volume, resulting in under- or over-cancelled DC field components in the rotating frame of reference with an associated variation in the rate of precession. But such effects do not exist (or are at least minimized) in the matter of the present invention because:
(1) the dimension of holder 32 of the present invention is very small (π�the diameter�the length of the sample) compared to inhomogeneity gradient D of the DC field.
(2) the RF field pulse amplitudes of the interrogation and depolarizing pulses are larger in magnitude compared to the over- and under-cancelled field components discussed above. That is, the amplitude of the RF pulses 82 and 91 are maintained at values that is substantially greater than the variation D in the DC field over the sample volume.
(3) After depolarization, any effects of DC inhomogeneity that linger on, are offset by the fact that they themselves aid in elimination of any residual "echoes". This is because the slight inhomogeneity of the DC field causes the nuclei to experience slightly different DC fields (from part-to-part within the sample volume). Ultimately, each such part rotates at a slightly different rate of precession.
For shorter polarizing periods, if the system operating parameters are such as to generate--inherently--incoherent phase jitter as set forth in detail in my prior applications op. cit., then differences in rates of precession from part-to-part within the sample volume, are further aided in reaching equilibrium. When such condition is not inherently provided, however, then use of pseudo randomly generated depolarizing pulses in accordance with the present invention, results in random reorientation of the magnetic movements of the nuclei of the sample. That is, the start position of the angular phase of the perpendicular component of magnetization is changed in a random manner due to the pseudo random nature of and the spacing between the depolarization pulses 91 over the course of the depolarizing period 90.
Rock samples obtained in the manner depicted in FIG. 1 or mechanically extracted from a core cut from the earth during drilling, are cleansed as discussed below.
If the samples have no visible oil traces in their outer surfaces, simple immersion in a 1% NaCl aqueous solution is usually sufficient. Removal of air (from within their pores) may be helpful, as done by an air evacuation system. Cleansed samples (after pat drying) are inserted to a depth of about 6 mm within coil 34A. Sample volume is a little over 0.3 cubic cm. Howeve, since the chips are irregular in shape, they may occupy only about half the space.
If the samples have some oil at their outer surfaces (a common occurrence if they come from a formation penetrated by a well whose circulating fluid was an oil-base drilling mud or if the sample is from an oil-containing zone), cleaning can be a bit more difficult. But applying conventional dry cleaning fluids to the oil "stains" seems to solve the problem. Then saline immersion, followed by air evacuation and pat drying, provide adequately cleansed samples for testing in accordance with the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a series of NMR measurements provides indications of flow properties of the associated rock samples in those instances where pseudo random depolarizing pulses must be used. Although analysis is not simple (because if the porous rock contains water, the rock acts as a "catalyst", speeding up both the magnetization build-up and relaxation reactions), the present invention provides surprisingly accurate results under such circumstances.
One skilled in the art should realize that as little as two separate NMR responses can define a relaxation curve for the hydrogen nuclei undergoing examination. More sophisticated techniques are available, see for example, my applications previously cited, especially for use in remote oilfield settings.
All specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto as many variations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the invention is to be given the broadest possible interpretation within the terms of the following claims.
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text:
What flowers for a Fourth of July border in Seattle?
My Shasta Daisies always bloom by July 4th and I want to give them some well-mannered red and blue flowering companions that bloom at the same time. I used to have a scarlet verbena and loved its contrast with the daisies and bluettes. But the bluettes are very invasive and must go.
What blue and red perennial flowers would you plant with daisies for a Fourth of July border?
When you visit the nursery you could ask what they have in stock and go from there.
I have all of these in bloom in our gardens except the balloon flower. A combination of them would be a lovely cottage look, but probably not a formal border except for the knockout rose.
Maltese Cross, Lychnis chalcedonica
knockout rose
blue shades (periwinkle, violet)
bellflowers, several types
Jacob's ladder
Platycodon grandiflorus, Balloon Flower
hardy geraniums
Some poppies do well in my yard. But I've not seen the blue ones growing around here anywhere. Perhaps it's too wet for them. I think I do want to bring back red verbena.
Good idea about dropping in on a nursery now. I've had to make a rule not to buy plants faster than I can set them in the ground. But I caught up with the backlog only yesterday and am feeling the urge to head to Flower World ... :)
I have some lovely blue salvia blooming right now, got it on the clearance table last fall without identifying information though so can't specify the variety. It is a true blue and quite dark in comparison to, say, the blue star creeper that is growing underneath it. Not sure if you could call it well-mannered though - it sprawls a bit!


text:
Fairfax man one of nation's top collectors of African Americatags: Virginia, Fairfax, Takoma Park, Mark E. Mitchell
He's a white, 67-year-old jazz saxophone player from Takoma Park. And now, from his townhouse in Fairfax County, Mark E. Mitchell has amassed a collection of African American memorabilia which places him at the forefront of experts in African American history, and which became a driving force in the creation of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.
The Post's Lonnae O'Neal Parker crafted a superb profile of Mitchell which appeared in Sunday's Post Magazine, and you should read it now. Among other things we learn, as we see and read about items such as a handwritten poem by 18th-century slave Phillis Wheatley, is that a number of Redskin players used to visit Mitchell to learn about their history, and that he pushed then-Rep. J.C. Watts (R-Okla.) to join Rep. John Lewis (D-Ga.) to pass the legislation creating the African American museum on the Mall. Groundbreaking took place last year and the opening is scheduled for 2015....
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text:
Evolve - Distillery Map Gameplay Gamescom 2014
Face the Kraken in the Distillery map that Turtle Rock Studios revealed at Gamescom 2014.
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4 comments
wtf is up with the sports commentary
So they mixed an average shooter with Skyrim Dawnguard DLC and called it a day?
tried to watch this but those commentators are way too much, feel like im watching some cheesy espn spin off
Coming to XB1 February 10th eh? *Tunes out*