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Getting Started with EMDS for ADS
This section is intended to help you get started with EMDS for ADS. It illustrates basic tasks and exercises using EMDS. The subsequent sections contain more in-depth reference information and examples.
Layout Basics
There are two basic ways to create a layout:
- From a schematic (in a Schematic window)
- Directly (in a Layout window)
The best approach to creating a layout depends on the design and the designer.
This section describes how to create a layout automatically from a finished schematic, and how to use the basic features in a Layout window to create a layout directly.
When you are through working in layout, release the Layout license so that it is available to another user. To do this, choose File > Release Layout License from the Layout window.
Creating a Layout from a Complete Schematic
If all data is contained in the schematic, it is very simple to create a layout.
- In the Schematic window, build the schematic shown here, then choose the menu command Layout > Generate/Update Layout (the schematic is the source representation). The Generate/Update Layout dialog box appears.
By default, the layout will begin with P1, at 0,0, with an angle of 0 degrees. There is no existing layout, so the Equivalence (the layout component that corresponds to the starting component in the schematic) is shown as not created.
At this point, all of the elements in the schematic are highlighted, indicating that they all need to be generated.
- Click OK.
The Status of Layout Generation dialog box appears. It displays the number of designs processed, the number of items regenerated (created) in the layout, the number of items that are oriented differently in the layout than in the schematic, and the number of schematic components that were not placed in the layout.
The program automatically opens a Layout window and places the generated layout in it. The orientation of the layout is different from that of the schematic, because the layout is drawn from left to right across the page, beginning at the Starting Component.
Creating a Layout Directly
Launch Advanced Design System and create a project. To display a Layout window, choose Window > New Layout from the ADS main window, or choose Window > Layout from an open Schematic window.
The following tasks are performed the same way in a Layout window as they are in a Schematic window:
- Selecting components
- Placing and deselecting components
- Changing views
- Hiding component parameters
- Coping and rotating components
- Using named connections
Connecting Components with a Trace
As in a Schematic window, you can connect components without having them actually touch. In a Layout window, this is done by placing a trace between the component (in the same way a wire is used in the Schematic window). Either choose Component > Trace , or click the Trace button in the toolbar.
Unlike wires in a Schematic window, a trace in a Layout window may be inserted alone (click twice to end insertion).
In Layout you can insert shapes, using either Insert commands or toolbar icons:
With each shape, you can either click and drag to place it, or define points by coordinate entry (choose the shape, then choose Insert > Coordinate Entry ).
- path : starting point, segment end (click), and end point (double-click)
- polygon : starting point, vertex (click), and end point (double-click) that closes the shape
- polyline : starting point, segment end (click), and end point (double-click)
- rectangle : two diagonal corners
- circle : center and circumference point
- arc : (Insert command only) center and circumference point
Experiment by drawing different shapes to get the idea of how each is created.
The final segment of polygons and polylines can be entered by pressing the space-bar rather than double-clicking the mouse.
In a Layout window, items are placed on a layer. The name of the current insertion layer is displayed in the toolbar and in the status bar.
Changing the Insertion Layer
There are many ways to change the insertion layer:
- In the toolbar, retype the name of the layer and press Enter.
- In the toolbar, click the arrow next to the layer name. Choose a name from the list of currently defined layers.
- Choose the command Insert > Entry Layer and select a layer from the list.
- Choose the command Options > Layers and select a layer from the list of defined layers in the Layer Editor dialog box.
- Choose the command Insert > Change Entry Layer To , and click an object whose layer you want to make the current insertion layer.
- Use the Layers window, that is opened when a Layout window is opened and select a name in the list of currently defined layers.
Experiment with placing shapes on different layers. Remember to click OK to accept a change in a dialog box.
Copy to a Different Layer
Experiment with copying shapes from one layer to another; use the command Edit > Advanced Copy/Paste > Copy to Layer. Note that the copied shape is placed at exactly the same coordinates as the original. Move one to see them both.
Default Layer Settings
Choose the command Options
> Layers to display the Layer Editor. This is where you can edit the parameters of any defined layer, add layers, or delete existing layers.
Clicking Apply updates layer definitions but does not dismiss the dialog box.
Experiment with layer parameters. Note that you can toggle the visibility of all items on a layer. Protected means you can not select items on that layer.
Other Layout Defaults
The Options > Preferences command displays the Preferences for Layout dialog box. This dialog box has 11 tabs; clicking a tab brings the corresponding panel to the front.
Click the Grid/Snap tab.
This panel is where you set the snap grid and display grid parameters.
The display grid appears on the screen as a series of vertical and horizontal lines or dots that you can use for aligning and spacing items in the drawing area.
Adjust Grid Visibility and Color
- In the Display area, choose Major, Minor, or both.
- Choose the Type of display (Dots or Lines). You may have to zoom in to see the grid display.
- Click the colored rectangle next to the word Color, and choose the desired color for the grid. Click OK to dismiss the color palette.
- Click Apply. Experiment with different settings
The drawing area color is the Background color under the Display tab.
Adjust Snap and Grid Spacing
The ability to display a major grid as an increment of the minor grid enables you to gauge distances and align objects better in a layout.
- In the Spacing area, change the Minor Grid display factors for both X and Y. The larger the number, the wider the grid spacing.
- Click Apply. Experiment with different settings. If a display factor makes the grid too dense to display, it is invisible unless you zoom in.
- Now experiment with the Major Grid.
Adjust Pin/Vertex Snap Distance
Pin/vertex snap distance represents how close the cursor must be to a pin of a component or a vertex of a shape before the cursor will snap to it.
A large value makes it easier to place an object on a snap point when you are unsure of the exact location of the snap point. A small value makes it easier to select a given snap point that has several other snap points very near it.
Place several components and several shapes in the drawing area and experiment with different settings of Pin/Vertex Snap.
Screen pix specifies sizes in terms of pixels on the screen. For example, if you choose 15, the diameter of the snap region is 15 pixels.
User Units specifies sizes in terms of the current units of the window. For example, if you are using inches and choose 0.1 user units, the diameter of the snap region is 0.1 inch.
Experiment with Snap Modes
Snap modes control where the program places objects on the page when you insert or move them; you can change snap modes when inserting or moving a component, or drawing a shape. When snap is enabled, items are pulled to the snap grid.
Experiment with different snap modes turned on or off to see how they affect the placement of items in a Layout window.
|Snap Mode
|You can restrict or enhance the manner in which the cursor snaps by choosing any combination of snap modes. This table lists the snap modes, and their priorities.
|Arc/Circle Center
Angle Snapping automatically occurs when only Pin snapping is enabled and you place a part so that the pin at the cursor connects to an existing part. The placed part rotates so that it properly aligns with the connected part.
For example, if you have a microstrip curve at 30° and place a microstrip line so that it connects to it, the microstrip line will snap to 30° so that it properly abuts the curve.
Enable Snap toggles snap mode on and off. You can also toggle snap mode from the Options menu itself, and there are snap mode buttons on the toolbar.
Except for pin snap, the pointer defines the selected point on the inserted object.
When you set all snap modes OFF, you can insert objects exactly where you release them on the page. This is sometimes called raw snap mode. Like other snap modes, the raw snap mode also applies when you move or stretch objects.
Pin When a pin on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of a pin on an existing object, the program inserts the object with its pin connected to the pin of the existing object. Pin snapping takes priority over all other snapping modes.
Vertex When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of a vertex on an existing object, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the vertex of the existing object.
In vertex snap mode, a vertex is a control point or boundary corner on a primitive, or an intersection of construction lines.
Midpoint When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of the midpoint of an existing object, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the midpoint of the existing object.
Intersect When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of the intersection of the edges of two existing objects, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the intersection of the existing objects.
Arc/Circle Center When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of the center of an existing arc or circle, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the midpoint of the existing arc or circle.
Edge When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of the edge of an existing object, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the edge of the existing object. Once a point snaps to an edge, it is captured by that edge, and will slide along the edge unless you move the pointer out of the snap distance.
Because edge snapping has priority 3, if the cursor comes within snap distance of anything with priority 1 or 2 while sliding along an edge, it will snap the selected location to the priority 1 or 2 item.
Grid When the selected location on an object you insert, move, or stretch is within the snap distance of a grid point, the program inserts that object with its selected location on the grid point.
All other snap modes have priority over grid snap mode.
Whenever possible, keep grid snapping on. Once an object is off the grid, it is difficult to get it back on.
Use 45 or 90° angles to ensure that objects are aligned evenly, and to reduce the probability of small layout gaps due to round-off errors.
Drawing Tips
This section provides suggestions and examples when drawing layouts to be simulated using EMDS for ADS. These examples take into consideration things that are necessary during the drawing phase to ensure that requirements for EMDS for ADS are met.
Using Grid Snap Modes
Working in Layout enables you to control all geometry precisely. The variety of available snap modes can help you draw and position shapes. As an example, if you are connecting shapes, you should have the vertex snapping mode turned on. You will also want to review snap mode settings prior to adding ports to a layout.
Snap grid spacing also helps control the positioning shapes. In general, snap grid spacing should be about 1/2 of the minor grid point value. For example, if the minor grid points are 1.0, then the snap grid spacing should be 0.5. This makes it easy to know how your geometry will snap into place.
For more information on snap modes and snap grid spacing, refer to Managing Projects and Designs.
Choosing Layout Layers
The standard set of layout layers begins with the layer named default. Do not use this layer for drawing your circuit. The first valid layer for EMDS for ADS is cond. For more information on layout layers, refer to Schematic Capture and Layout.
Keeping Shapes Simple
In general, when drawing shapes, you should use a minimal number of vertices per shape, since this will make the mesh easier to compute. When drawing curved objects, consider using a relatively large value for Arc/Circle Radius (under Options > Preferences > Entry/Edit ). This will minimize the number of vertices, and facets used to represent the shape.
Merging Shapes
Merging shapes is often useful for eliminating small geometry overlaps and can also, in some cases, result in simpler mesh patterns. For example, if you draw a layout using multiple polygons and you suspect there is some overlap, merging the polygons will prevent the system from returning an overlap error. To merge the shapes, select each shape that you want to merge, then choose Edit > Merge.
Viewing Port and Object Properties
Any item selected in a layout, including ports, shapes, or other components, has associated properties. One way to view the properties is to select the object of interest, then choose Edit > Properties. This method also enables you to change object properties. If you want to change properties that have been attributed to an object for EMDS for ADS, you should change these properties either through the EMDS menu or the Momentum menu selections.
To view the properties of the entire layout, choose Options > Info.
Adding a Port to a Circuit
You can add a port to a circuit either from the Schematic window or a Layout window. The procedures below include considerations for adding ports to a circuit that will be simulated using EMDS for ADS.
Adding a Port to a Schematic
- Select a port using by choosing the menu item Component > Port, or the port icon from the tool bar:
- Position the mouse where you want the port and click. Verify the connection has been made.
- Select the port and choose Edit > Component > Edit Component Parameters.
- The parameter layer= indicates the layer that the port is applied to. When you convert your schematic to a layout, all components will be assigned to layout layers. You can assign the port to a specific layer at this time. To change the layer, select layer= from the Select Parameter list, and choose a new layer from the Parameter Entry Mode listbox. Make sure that the layer you choose will also be mapped as a strip or slot metallization layer. For more information about metallization layers, refer to Substrates.
- Click OK to accept the new layer specification.
When you generate a layout from the schematic, you should verify that the port is positioned correctly. For more information, refer to the procedure for adding a port to a layout and to Considerations.
Adding a Port to a Layout
To add a port:
- Determine where you want to position the port. A port can be applied to:
- The pin of a component
- The edge of a component or object (such as a rectangle or polygon), usually at the midpoint
- The surface of an object
Do not place a port on the corner of an object. When you add a port to an edge, make sure the appropriate snap modes are enabled. It is a good practice to enable the modes Midpoint Snap and Edge Snap (under the Options menu) to ensure accurate simulation results.
- If you want to add a port to the surface of a polygon, you may need to disable the following or other snap modes (under the Options menu):
- Pin snap
- Edge snap
- Midpoint snap
- Identify the name of the layer on which the component or shape is entered. If you don't know the name of the layout layer, choose Options > Layers. Select each layer, noting the color in the dialog box. When the color matches that of the one in the Layout window, note the name of the layout layer. Dismiss the dialog box.
- Select a port using by choosing the menu item Component > Port, or the port icon from the tool bar:
- The Port parameters dialog box is displayed. The parameter layer indicates the layer that the port will be applied to. The parameter defaults to the currently active drawing layer.
- This should be the same as the layer you noted in step 3. To change the layer, select layer= from the Select Parameter list, and choose a new layer from the Parameter Entry Mode listbox. Make sure that the layer you choose is also a strip or slot metallization layer. Do not apply ports to shapes that are on layers that are mapped to via metallization layers. For more information about metallization layers, refer to Substrates.
If you cannot find the layer name, choose Options > Layers , then select the layer name of interest from the Layers list. Note the layer number in the Number field. In the Port dialog box, select the layer= parameter and, under Parameter Entry Mode, select Integer Value . Enter the layer number, then click Apply .
- Click Apply to accept the new layer specification.
- Position the mouse where you want to place the port and click. The port is added to the circuit.
If you are applying a port to an edge, the port must be positioned so that the arrow is outside of the object, pointing inwards, and at a straight angle. Generally, this happens automatically when you add a port to an edge. You may need to zoom in to verify this.
- The Instance Name in the Port dialog box is incriminated if you want to add another port. Verify the layer= parameter, then use the mouse to add the next port.
- When you are finished adding ports, click OK to dismiss the dialog box.
Keep the following points in mind when adding ports to circuits to be simulated using EMDS for ADS:
- The components or shapes that ports are connected to must be on layout layers that are mapped to metallization layers that are defined as strips or slots. Ports cannot be directly connected to vias. For information on how to define strips and slots, refer to Defining Metallization Layers.
- Make sure that ports on edges are positioned so that the arrow is outside of the object, pointing inwards, and at a straight angle.
- Make sure that the port and the object you are connecting it to are on the same layout layer. For convenience, you can set the entry layer to this layer; the Entry Layer listbox is on the Layout tool bar.
- A port must be applied to an object. If a port is applied in open space so that is not connected to an object, EMDS for ADS will automatically snap the port to the edge of the closest object. This will not be apparent from the layout, however, because the position of the port will not change.
- If the Layout resolution is changed after adding ports that are snapped to edges, you must delete the ports and add them again. The resolution change makes it unclear to which edges the ports are snapped, causing errors in mesh calculations.
Do not use the ground port component in circuits that will be simulated using EMDS for ADS ( Component > Ground or the toolbar button ).
This section includes a number of examples to help you understand how to use the product.
The examples provided in this section include:
Designing a Microstrip Line
This section is made up of an exercise that takes you through the process of creating a schematic, converting to a planar (Layout) format, preparing the layout for simulation, simulating, and generating analysis plots.
This exercise uses many default settings and a simple circuit (a microstrip line with step in width), and illustrates how quickly a design and analysis can be accomplished.
In this exercise, you will:
- Draw a simple microstrip line with step in width as a schematic, then generate a corresponding layout
- Create a simple substrate
- Define a mesh
- Perform a simulation
- Examine the results
Terms such as substrates and meshes may be unfamiliar, so they are explained in the course of the exercise.
This and later exercises assume that you have an introductory working knowledge of Advanced Design System, such as understanding the concept of projects, and being familiar with Schematic and Layout windows and placing components.
Drawing the Circuit
The basic steps to making the microstrip line with step in width circuit include:
- Creating a new project
- Adding microstrip components to the schematic
- Converting the schematic to a layout
The schematic and layout representations are shown here. The sections that follow describe how to create both.
Creating a New Project
You should start this exercise in a new project.
- From the Main window, choose Tools > Preferences. Ensure that Create Initial Schematic Window is enabled. Click OK.
- From the Main window, choose File > New Project. The New Project dialog box appears.
- In the Name field, type step1.
- In the Project Technology Files section, choose ADS Standard: length unit - mil
- Click OK.
A Schematic window appears, which is where you will enter the design.
Adding Microstrip Components to the Schematic
The steps in this section describe how to select a component. In the next section, it will be placed in the Schematic window.
Refer to the this figure to select the microstrip line component (MLIN) from the Microstrip Transmission Lines palette:
Placing the Components
The steps in this section describe how to place two microstrip lines in the Schematic window.
- Move the crosshairs to the Schematic window and click once to place the component. A schematic representation of the component is placed in the Schematic window.
- Move the cursor so that the crosshairs are directly over the right pin of the first component, and then click once to place a second component.
Cancelling Commands
If you continue to click without ending the current command, you will add another component with each click.
- Click the arrow button . The crosshairs disappear.
- You can also end a command by pressing the Esc key.
You will use the end command frequently in this and other exercises, so be sure you are familiar with it.
Editing Component Parameters
Below the schematic representation of each component are some of the editable parameters of the component. This section describes how to change the width of one of the strips. The result is a microstrip step in width transmission line.
- Click twice on the second component that you placed. The Libra Microstrip Line dialog box opens.
- In the Select Parameter field, select the W (width) parameter. When the field to the right shows the value of the width, change the value in this field to 35 mil. Click Apply.
- Click OK to dismiss the dialog box.
If a parameter for a component is displayed in the Schematic window, you can also edit that parameter by clicking on the value and entering a new value.
- Verify that the width of component on the left is set to 25 mil, and if needed, change the value of this parameter.
Adding Ports to the Circuit
To complete the circuit, you must add ports, one at the beginning of the microstrip step in width and one at the end. In EMDS for ADS, ports identify where energy enters and exits a circuit. This section describes how to add ports.
- In the menu bar, click the Port button . Move the cursor over the Schematic window and note the orientation of the ghost icon of the port. The ports should be positioned as shown in the schematic below at the end of these steps.
- You may need to rotate the port to the necessary orientation. If so, click the Rotate button and move the cursor back into the Schematic window. Note the rotation of the port outline, and repeat until it is correct.
- Move the cursor over the open pin on the left side of the left component, then click.
- The command to insert a port remains active. To insert a second port, change the orientation appropriately, move the cursor over the open pin on the right side of the right component, then click.
- End the current command. Your schematic should now look like this figure. It is a microstrip line step in width. The width of the first part of the line is 25 mil, and it increases to a width of 35 mil. The overall length is 200 mil.
All of the components are connected. Diamond-shaped pins indicate that pins are not connected, and you will need to select and move components to make complete connections.
Saving the Design
It is good practice to save your work periodically. This section describes how to save the schematic.
- Choose File > Save Design. When the Save dialog box appears, enter the name of the project, in this case, type step1.
- Click OK.
Generating the Layout
A powerful feature of Advanced Design System is the ability to convert a schematic to a layout automatically. Since EMDS for ADS requires a circuit be in Layout format, this gives you the option of drawing your circuits either as schematics or as layouts. Note that if you do choose to draw in a Schematic window, footprints of the components you use must also be available in Layout. Components that are available in Layout include transmission lines and lumped components with artwork.
This section describes how to covert the microstrip line step in width schematic that you just finished to a layout.
- In the Schematic window, choose Layout > Generate/Update Layout . The Generate/Update Layout dialog box appears. It is not necessary to edit fields.
- Click OK .
- A Status of Layout Generation message appears indicating that the conversion is complete
- Click OK .
- A Layout window appears, showing a layout representation of the schematic. This window may be hidden by the Schematic window, so you may need to move some windows to locate the Layout window.
- From the Layout window, choose File > Save Design . Name the layout step1 . You now have a layout and a schematic as part of your project.
Creating a Simple Substrate
A substrate is required as part of your planar circuit. The substrate describes the media where the circuit exists. An example of a substrate is the substrate of a multilayer circuit board, which consists of:
- Layers of metal traces
- Layers of insulating material between the traces
- Ground planes
- Vias that connect traces on different layers
- The air that surrounds the circuit board
EMDS for ADS includes several predefined substrates for your use, or you can create your own. Complete details about substrates, including where substrates are saved, are in Substrates.
The steps in this section describe how to define a substrate.
For the microstrip line step in width example, a substrate with the following layers will be used:
- A ground plane
- A layer of insulation, such as Alumina
- A metal layer for the microstrip
- An air layer above the microstrip
- From the Layout window, chose EMDS > Substrate > Create/Modify. The Create/Modify dialog box opens, showing the Substrate Layers options and parameters.
- In the Substrate Layers field, select FreeSpace. Move to the Substrate Layer Name field and change it to read Air . Leave all other parameters at their default values and click Apply.
- Keep the default layers Alumina and ///GND/// , but highlight and Cut any other layers that may be showing. Click Apply.
You currently see three of the four substrate layers that you need. The fourth (metal) layer can be found by clicking the Metallization Layers tab.
The metal layer is automatically positioned between the Substrate layers of Alumina and air. The microstrip line is assumed to be on this layer.
- Click OK to dismiss the dialog box.
- To save the substrate with the project, choose EMDS > Substrate > Save As. Type step1 in the Selection field and click OK. The substrate step1.slm is saved in the project networks folder.
Some other information about saving substrates:
- A substrate definition is automatically saved with the design when File > Save is invoked from the Layout window
- The command Substrate > Save As enables you to save the substrate definition in
slm that can be saved anywhere and used with another design
- When a design is opened, the substrate definition that was saved with the design is automatically loaded.
Setting up Mesh Parameters
A mesh is required in order to perform a simulation. The simplest method for generating a mesh is to skip the Mesh menu entirely and allow EMDS to automatically generate the mesh for your circuit; however, you can still choose to edit parameters that control how the mesh is generated.
A mesh is a grid-like pattern of tetrahedra that is applied throughout the volume of a circuit. Using the mesh, the electric fields within each tetrahedron volume is calculated, and any coupling effects in the circuit can also be calculated during the simulation. From these calculations, S-parameters are then calculated for the circuit.
Details about mesh definitions, seeding and generation can be found in Simulation Options.
The steps in this section describe how to set the frequency for mesh computations. All other options will remain at the default values.
- From the Layout window, choose EMDS > Simulation Options . An EMDS Simulation Options dialog box appears.
- Select Refine at a Specific Frequency.
- Set The mesh will be adapted at 4 GHz, and then click OK.
Performing the Simulation
The EMDS for ADS simulation process creates an initial mesh from the mesh seeding information and solves for E-field in the circuit. Using the E-field calculations, S-parameters are then calculated for the circuit.
There are a variety of options to select to set up a simulation. Details are in Simulation. This section describes the minimal steps for running a simulation.
- From the Layout window, choose EMDS > Simulation > S-parameters. The Simulation Control dialog box appears.
- Set the Sweep Type to Linear and confirm that the following parameters are set:
- Start = 1 GHz
- Stop = 4 GHz
- Frequency Step = 1 GHz
By choosing this sweep type, a linear simulation will be performed over the 1-4 GHz frequency range, selecting the frequency points to be simulated based on the step size.
- Click Add to Frequency Plan List . The dialog box should resemble Simulation Control Dialog.
The initial mesh is refined at the mesh frequency until the adaptive mesh refinement criteria are satisfied. Then a frequency sweep is performed.
Simulation Control Dialog
- Ensure that the field Open data display when simulation completes is enabled.
- Click Simulate. The simulation will be performed. The simulation progress and its completion will be indicated in the Simulation Status window.
- When the simulation is complete, the S-parameter simulation results are automatically displayed on both rectangular plots and Smith charts in a Data Display window. This is because the field Open data display when simulation is complete was enabled as a default in the simulation setup. Choose View > View All or click the View All button to view all of the plots, then zoom in on individual plots. An example of one S-parameter result is illustrated here.
This completes the first EMDS for ADS design exercise.
Designing a Microstrip Filter
This section is made up of an exercise that takes you through the process of designing a microstrip coupled-line filter. It is similar to the previous exercise, but uses fewer defaults and explores how to:
- Create a more complex substrate
- Specify port properties
- Use a box to simulate the filter within a metal enclosure
- Specify mesh parameters
Drawing the Circuit
This section is very similar to the drawing instructions in the previous exercise. The circuit is drawn as a schematic, then converted to a layout. If you need more information on how to perform certain steps, refer to the previous exercise.
Opening a New Project
Like the previous exercise, start the filter design in a new project.
- From the Main window, choose File > New Project.
- In the Name field, type filter.
- In the Project Technology Files section, choose ADS Standard: length unit - mil.
- Click OK in the New Project dialog box to create the new project.
Adding Components to the Schematic
The steps in this section describe how to select microstrip filter components.
- In the Schematic window, click the Palette List arrow. The Palette List drops down.
- Scroll and select T-lines Microstrip __ from the Palette List.
- In the component palette, locate and click Mcfil. This selects the Libra Microstrip Coupled-Line Filter Section component.
- Crosshairs and a ghost icon of the component appear as you move the cursor over the Schematic window. Position the cursor and click.
- End the command either by clicking the Cancel Command button or by choosing Insert or the arrow button.
Editing the Component
This section describes how to edit several component parameters, such as the length and width, and also how to change the parameters that are displayed below the component.
- To edit the component parameters, double click the component.
- In the dialog box that appears, select one of the parameters listed below, and edit the value. Also, enable Display parameter on schematic so that the parameter will be displayed below the component in the Schematic window. Select another parameter, and continue to set the values for these parameters:
- W = line width = 0.25 mm
- S = spacing between lines = 0.044 mm
- L = line length = 1.8 mm
- W1 = width of the line that connects to pin 1 = 0.25 mm
- W2 = width of the line that connects to pin 2 = 0.25 mm
- Click OK to accept the edits and dismiss the dialog box.
Copying and Placing another Component
This section describes how to make a copy of the filter section and add it to the schematic.
- Click the filter component on the schematic to select it. A black outline appears around it.
- From the Schematic window, choose Edit > Copy.
- Choose Edit > Paste. ** Move the crosshairs so that they are directly over the left connector of the first component and click.
- End the current command.
Adding Ports
Ports are required on a circuit. If you forget to add ports to the schematic, you can always add them later after the schematic is converted to a layout. In this exercise, ports will be added to the layout.
With EMDS for ADS, you can define additional characteristics to a port. This also will be performed later in this exercise.
Your schematic should now look like the figure here. Be sure that all components are connected correctly.
Saving the Design
It is good practice to save your work periodically.
- Choose File > Save Design.
- Enter filter as the file name.
- Click OK.
Generating the Layout
This section describes how to covert the microstrip coupled-line filter schematic that you just finished to a layout.
- From the Schematic window, choose Layout > Generate/Update Layout . The Generate/Update Layout dialog box and a Layout window appear.
- From the Layout window, choose Options > Preferences . Click the Layout Units __ tab and set the Resolution to 0.001 mm . Click OK .
- In the Generate/Update Layout dialog box, enter -1.8 in the X field and 0.294 in the Y field. This step identifies the placement of P1 on the layout. This step is usually optional, but specifying the location will be helpful later when the box is added to enclose the filter. Click OK .
- A window displaying the results of the conversion is displayed. Click OK .
A layout representation of the schematic appears in the Layout window. It should resemble the figure here.
- From the layout window, choose File > Save Design . The layout name is filter . You now have a layout and a schematic as part of your project.
Defining a Substrate
This circuit uses a relatively simple substrate. In this exercise, the thickness of some of the layers is modified. A more important task is that ground planes are added to the top and bottom of the substrate. These ground planes form the top and bottom of the metal box in which the filter will be enclosed. The substrate will have the following layers:
- A ground plane representing the top of the box
- A layer of air
- The microstrip filter traces
- A layer of Alumina
- A ground plane representing the bottom of the box.
- From the Layout window, chose EMDS > Substrate > Create/Modify.
- Select the top layer in the Substrate Layers field. In the Boundary list, select Closed . The top ground plane is added to the substrate.
- In the Substrate Layers list, select Free_Space . Change the Thickness to 2846 um. This sets the layer of air to an appropriate thickness.
- In the Substrate Layers list, select Alumina . Change the Thickness to 254 um.
- Keep the bottom ground plane, but select and Cut any other layers that may appear in the substrate.
- Click Apply.
You currently see four of the five substrate layers that you need. The metal layer for the microstrip filter can be found by clicking the Metallization Layers tab.
The top and bottom of the box enclosure are defined with groundplanes, the sides of the enclosure will be defined later in this exercise.
In this instance, the metal layer is automatically positioned between the Alumina and air layers.
Note the following points about this layer:
- Metal layers are identified by a dashed line.
- The word cond identifies the layout layer that is mapped to this position. Refer to the Layout window, and you will see that the microstrip circuit was automatically applied to the layout layer named cond during the translation process.
- The word strip defines the layer such that the microstrips are metal and what surrounds the microstrips on that layer is air or dielectric. Other choices are slot and via. These are described in the exercise in the next section.
- Click OK to dismiss the dialog.
- Choose EMDS > Substrate > Save As. Use the file name filter and click Save. The substrate file filter.slm is saved as part of the project.
Adding Ports to the Layout
In EMDS for ADS, you can define the ports in your circuit to be one of several types. Depending on the type you choose, the ports will be characterized in different ways. This can impact the result of a simulation, because the simulation can take these characteristics into account. With different port types, you can select one that best matches the intended application of your layout.
More detailed information about the various port types can be found in Ports.
Ports are defined in a two-step process. First, ports are added to a circuit when the circuit is drawn. Then, in EMDS for ADS, you specify the port type in order to tailor the port to your circuit. Note that you can add the port components at any time as you draw the circuit, but before a port type can be specified, a substrate must be defined for the circuit.
This section describes how to add ports to a layout and how to specify a port type for them.
- From the Layout window, click the port icon. A Port dialog box appears. If necessary, set layer = cond. The ports must be on the same layout layer as the microstrip filter. Click OK.
- Move the cursor over the open port on the left side of the layout and click. Move the cursor over the open port on the right side of the layout and click. End the command. The layout should resemble the figure here.
- From the Layout window, choose EMDS > Port Editor . This opens the Port Properties Editor dialog box.
- If necessary, drag the dialog box away from the Layout window so that both ports are visible. Click the connector P1.
- The Port Properties dialog box will change so that you can select a port type to be applied to P1.
- Select Internal from the Port Type drop down list and click Apply.
- Click the connector P2. Select Internal from the Port Type drop down list. Click OK to accept the port type and dismiss the dialog box.
The internal port type is selected because it can be applied to the interior of a circuit. While normally this placement of the ports on the filter would not be considered internal, they are in this case because the filter is enclosed within the box. More information on this and other port types is in Ports.
Finishing the Box around the Filter
Boxes and waveguide enclosures are useful because they introduce vertical boundaries to the design. Adding a box enables you to look at box resonance, which can have a significant effect on S-parameters in a small band centered around the box resonance frequency. More information about boxes, waveguides, and their uses are in 3D Extension.
Recall that when you defined the substrate, you defined ground planes as the top and bottom of the metal box that will enclose the filter. This section describes how to specify the dimensions and location of the sidewalls of the box.
- From the Layout window, choose EMDS > Box & Waveguide > Add Box .
- You will enter specific x, y coordinates for the left and right sides of the box. Choose Insert > Coordinate Entry . Type -4.5 , -4.5 in the X,Y fields of the Coordinate Entry dialog box and click Apply.
- Type +4.5 , +4.5 in the X,Y fields of the Coordinate Entry dialog box and click Apply . The box appears as shown below (you may need to click View All to see the box). Click Cancel to close the dialog box.
Performing the Simulation
This section describes how to set up and run the simulation. In this exercise, the adaptive sweep type is used in the simulation process. This the preferred sweep type, because it used a fast, highly accurate method of comparing simulated data points to a rational fitting model. Unlike the linear sweep type, where simulated data points are chosen in a linear fashion based on step size, adaptive sweep type data points are chosen based on where the most variance seen. Wherever S-parameters vary from the rational fitting model the most, more samples are taken.
- From the Layout window, choose EMDS > Simulation > S-parameters .
- Select the Adaptive Sweep Type and set these parameters to the following values:
- Start = 1 GHz
- Stop = 40 GHz
- Sample Points Limit = 50
- Click Add to Frequency Plan List .
- Make sure that Open data display when simulation completes is enabled The S-parameters will automatically be plotted and displayed at the end of the simulation.
- Click Simulate . The simulation will be performed and its progress and completion will be indicated in the status window.
- Click EMDS > Simulation > Summary... and saved simulation details will be displayed. You can print the report if you wish.
Viewing Simulation Results
The S-parameter simulation results are automatically displayed on both rectangular plots and Smith charts in a Data Display window. An example of S12 plotted on a rectangular plot is shown here.


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Budget Accommodation Europe Spain Granada Bed & Breakfasts Hostal Moni Albayzin
the owners were absolutely amazing. They came to meet us when we could not find the hostel and they were there within 3 minutes. They booked us a flamenco evening and told us where the good bars were. I would say that the spanish owners were the perfect hosts.
Hostal Moni is located in Alabayzin (Albaicin), the most romantic quarter of Granada. A renovated traditional house, it has been a home for generations of Jews, Muslims and Christians at the time of Al Andalus.
In the quarter you can find bars that offer the typical breakfast, meals and delicious 'tapas' to enjoy with wine or beer. no reception and you have to call on arrival
You don't need to leave the quarter to do shopping, here you can find supermarkets, butcher's, fish monger's, souvenir shops, and the street market on Plaza Larga. This market not only sells fruit and vegetables but also good value clothes, shoes and flowers.
In Granada you do not need a car, you can go everywhere on foot or by bus. From Albayzin there are buses to go downtown and to the Alhambra.
We have parking spaces available, 2 common terraces with magnificent views of the neighbourhood and Generalife de la Alhambra.
The rooms are equipped with double or single beds, TV and some with air conditioning. In one of the terraces there is a washing machine available for guests.
Plaza San Bartolome, 5
Click here to enlarge map
This is a Trusted Review. Why?
Very nice hosts.
But they must improve their english.
This is a Trusted Review. Why?
the owners were absolutely amazing. They came to meet us when we could not find the hostel and they were there within 3 minutes. They booked us a flamenco evening and told us where the good bars were. I would say that the spanish owners were the perfect hosts. The hostel was in an interesting building and the location was great. There is a square in front of the hostel where you can park and the owners kindly showed us exactly where to park because we rang as we arrived. We came from almeria to granada and it was easy to find because we came in via the A92 on the back road the old murcia road which leads you right down into the albaicin and the hostel is very near the barrier which lets you in. The only thing i would say is that the room we had was quite cramped it had a double bed and a single bunk on top and this was in a small room. It would be great if they had a three person room which was not cramped like this with a different bed arrangement. Nevertheless It was excellent value you get what you pay for. Breakfast was help yourself and that was fine too. Most of all the owners were so helpful and really played a large part in making us feel at home in Granada. Gracias
This is a Trusted Review. Why?
A great place to stay - the proprietors are extremely warm and friendly - and although they do speak very little English, I found it reasonably OK to communicate with them with the little Spanish I could use. They were very helpful and gave a lot of information about Granada, how to get around, visiting the Alhambra etc.
Breakfast is do-it-yourself with food and drinks provided - the kitchen is available to use through the day which was good for preparing sandwiches etc.
The roof garden is particularly nice and I had several good conversations with other guests there and was able to use for washing and drying clothes.
The hostal is well situated in Albayzin with shops, restaurants and bars just 1 or 2 mins walk and 5 mins walk from St Nicholas' Square with brilliant view of The Alhambra.
Have you stayed here? Write a review
* The Customer Satisfaction score is based on a combination of ratings from Travellerspoint and external websites. The score of 86% for this property is based on ratings provided by 5 guests.
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Po Box 308,
Waynesboro, MS, 39367-0393
Waynesboro, MS, 39367-0393
Tel: (601)735-2921
Grades: PK - 12 | 269 students
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|State or regional independent school association
|Religious Affiliation
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 12
Student Body
|Total Students
|269 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 15%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|17 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
Nearby Schools:
All Schools |High Schools High Schools |Elementary Schools Elementary Schools |Preschools Preschools |Public Schools Public Schools
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- School Location Miles Students Grades
Heidelberg Heidelberg Academy
Po Box Q
Heidelberg , MS , 39439
(601)787-4589(Nonsectarians)10.8 mi | 203 students | Gr. PK-12
Toxey South Choctaw Academy
Po Box 160
Toxey , AL , 36921
(251)843-2426(Nonsectarians)21.9 mi | 313 students | Gr. PK-12
Laurel Laurel Christian School
Po Box 8425
Laurel , MS , 39441
(601)649-3999(Christian)27.3 mi | 445 students | Gr. PK-12
LaurelSt. Johns Day School
520 N 5th Ave
Laurel , MS , 39440
(601)428-4350(Nonsectarians)28.6 mi | 193 students | Gr. K-7
Richton First Assembly Christian Academy Soldiers
Po Box 591
Richton , MS , 39476
(601)788-6030(Christian)30.5 mi | 33 students | Gr. 1-12
School Reviews
Area Statistics
Recent Articles
Updated July 20, 2014
Choosing the right private school for your child involves comparing schools as opposed to ranking them.
The summer "Brain Drain," also known as the "Summer Slide" is a term commonly used by educators and parents alike to describe the learning loss that takes place for many students during summer months. We polled the experts and found the 7 best ways parents and kids can combat the problem head on.
The foundation of any successful small private school marketing program is having clear, consistent and authoritative in-house communications. We take a look at what is involved in this second article on marketing the small private school.
More ArticlesChoosing a Private School, Paying For It, Elementary Issues, Running a Private School, Opinion


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By Jessica Farrish
Register-Herald Reporter
Mount Hope Police arrested a local man who allegedly fired a handgun into a crowd outside of Clinton Apartments Tuesday night.
Jujuan Rasheed Allen, 23, was charged with wanton endangerment.
"There were some children out," said MHPD Lt. Mark Larkin. "We're lucky that none of the children or anybody was struck."
According to Larkin, Allen and another man had gotten into an argument at the spot shortly before the shooting.
The apartments are located at South Mountain Avenue and Main Street.
Eyewitnesses reported that Allen left and returned with a handgun "and just started firing shots," said Larkin.
"He fired into an area where five or 10 people were just standing and sitting," he said.
Two bullets struck a vehicle, and nobody was injured.
When police arrived, Allen fled the scene.
Officers were unable to apprehend him, said Larkin, but they made contact with members of Allen's family.
Allen turned himself into authorities an hour later, he added.
Police recovered the firearm used in the shooting, and Larkin said more charges may be filed.
Allen was arrested on a charge of wanton endangerment and arraigned in Fayette County magistrate court Tuesday.
He was remanded to Southern Regional Jail in lieu of a $1,000 bond, said Larkin.
West Virginia State Police and Fayette Sheriff's Department agents also responded to the call.


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Mark Silva, deputy managing editor for government news at Bloomberg News in Washington.
Aug. 29, 2012
With November inching closer, the 2012 election race is beginning to reach its boiling point.
Mark Silva, deputy managing editor for government news at Bloomberg News in Washington, believes the race may come down to the wire with states such as Florida being the decision makers.
"Florida's long-fought 2000 election is what decided that election," said Silva, who will kick off Flagler College's 2012 Forums on Government and Public Policy lecture series at 7 p.m. on Sept. 11 in the Lewis Auditorium at Flagler College. "Florida again will be among a handful of states that determine the outcome this year."
The topic of Silva's talk will be "Election 2012: Too Close to Call?"
At Bloomberg since 2010, Silva oversees a team of reporters and editors covering the White House, Congress and the 2012 election campaign, as well as other agencies such as State, Defense, Justice and the Supreme Court.
According to Silva, the upcoming election will be close despite playing out against the backdrop of a struggling economy and more than three years of unemployment running at over 8 percent.
"Presidents have not typically been reelected in modern times with that much unemployment," said Silva. "Yet President Barack Obama enjoys a high degree of personal popularity -- the public's favorable view of him exceeding the job approval ratings he gets. At the same time, Romney is a disciplined and also well-financed candidate backed by super-PACs whose fundraising and TV ads have enabled the Republicans to go toe-to-toe with Obama on the air."
And while Silva believes that economic factors and demographics across the country will play a part in who wins the 2012 election, it will be the voters in swing states such as Florida that will make the difference.
"Florida is a true swing state," said Silva. "They voted for Obama in 2008, George W. Bush twice, Bill Clinton for reelection in 1996 but not election in 1992, George H.W. Bush twice, Ronald Reagan twice, Jimmy Carter once, but not for reelection."
Silva says voters should also keep an eye on North Carolina, Virginia, Colorado, Nevada and Ohio.
"The economy is better in Ohio than it is nationally, and even in Florida, which has suffered among the worst in the collapse of the housing market, the economy has shown signs of improvement," said Silva. "Ultimately, the way voters feel about their own economy in these swing states, and what they've decided about all this negative TV advertising, will determine who wins the White House."
Lewis Auditorium at Flagler College is at 14 Granada St. in St Augustine. Forums are free and open to the public, but seating is on a first-come, first-served basis. Sign language interpreters are provided. Call (904) 819-6400 for more information or visit the Forum on Government & Public Policy events website.
Site Map © Flagler College / Legal / Statement on Disability-Based Harassment / Notice of Non-Discrimination / Web Accessibility / Affiliates / Job Opportunities


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Mary Kay Letourneau, the famous teacher who made to all media headlines for her relationship with a 13 year old student. Mary Kay Letourneau had to face a lot of opposition and criticism for entering in to a relationship with her student; she had to serve almost seven years in jail to pay a hefty price for committing such an offense. After many years Mary Kay Letourneau's case comes back to life and she has resurfaced as a grandmother. Mary Kay Letourneau pleaded guilty to second-degree child rape.
Letourneau, now 48, got married to her student Vili Fualaau, both of them got married shortly after Letourneau's release in 2004 and had two daughters together.
In December, Steve Letourneau, one of Mary's four children from her first marriage, became a father; Steve Letourneau is 26 years old, just a year younger than his stepfather. Mary Kay Letourneau's husband was a DJ back then, their relationship got sexual right after they started seeing each other when the guy was just 12 and Mary Kay Letourneau a 34 year old teacher at an Elementary school.
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local pick-up or with in 2hrs driving (no box) (I do have it cept my wife has it designated for xmas ornaments) I do have the manual
it's 1yr old never had to be serviced, no scratches, dents.
Looking to get about 100$ CAD
I'll post pics as soon as I can
Good for a second sub, bedroom system or starter system.
reason for selling, got a new sub !!
Stereo55 can vouch for me as a buyer he did receive my money order!!
Thanks for looking


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Here we go again. Thirty billion more dollars and 30,000 more troops for a war that's really just taking sides in a civil conflict of our own creation.
Yes, at one time it was a legitimate conquest. In those days after 9/11, we were reeling from al-Qaida attacks and had the world's support in our efforts to punish and prevent future assaults.
But we had our chance, and though President Obama, as always, offers eloquent and well-reasoned arguments for an escalation of the war in Afghanistan, his statements also could be used as evidence for pulling back now.
In his speech at West Point on Tuesday night, the president said that after 9/11, ``within a matter of months, al-Qaida was scattered and many of its operatives were killed. The Taliban was driven from power and pushed back on its heels.''
That no doubt is true, and if so, then what went wrong? We can't blame the acknowledged deterioration of the situation since then entirely on our invasion of Iraq, which seems to be the standard explanation.
Less than a year after the 9/11 attacks, I wrote in this space that: ``We had the world's support for scattering al-Qaida and toppling the regressive Afghan government for its role in harboring terrorists. OK, is it time now to address some of the roots of that extremism and stop more hate from spreading?''
Yes, it was time, but apparently we didn't do it. Invading Iraq certainly wasn't a good strategy. And the government we installed in Afghanistan, in Obama's own words, has ``been hampered by corruption, the drug trade, an under-developed economy, and insufficient security forces.'' We appear to be unable to admit that what's going on in Afghanistan is a civil war in some ways similar to the one we created in Iraq. We talk about the Taliban as if its members were Martians who swooped down from the sky on flying carpets and took over the country.
No. They are Afghans, though not very nice ones perhaps, especially in their allowing al Qaida to train terrorists on their lands. They were repressive when in power, but they were still Afghans and fundamentalist Muslims, and many people supported them.
Imagine, if you can, an army of religious extremists in this country marching on Washington and taking over the government. Many people would see the policies they might institute as repressive. And who knows, such a new government might even allow cells of anti-abortion terrorists to train in rural Mississippi. Does that give the French the right to invade and save us?
Obama: ``The Taliban has maintained common cause with al Qaeda, as they both seek an overthrow of the Afghan government. Gradually, the Taliban has begun to control additional swaths of territory in Afghanistan.''
And why has the latter occurred? Because the Taliban, as Afghans, have been able to win over many of their countrymen as opposed to the American-led invaders who installed a puppet government that couldn't get elected democratically without massive fraud.
Now, the president wants to use a surge of 30,000 troops to try to reverse that trend, figuring 100,000 soldiers can do what 50,000 were unable to do.
The goals of the troop buildup, according to Obama, are that, ``We must deny al-Qaeda a safe haven. We must reverse the Taliban's momentum and deny it the ability to overthrow the government.
And we must strengthen the capacity of Afghanistan's security forces and government so that they can take lead responsibility for Afghanistan's future.''
There's no question that the first goal is vital. You have to wonder, however, given that importance, why it has not been the No. 1 priority for the last seven years. The question now is whether the best way to achieve it is by trying to pummel one side in the power struggle (the Taliban) while trying to train the other side to do the pummeling by itself.
Surely, with all our non-military talents, there has to be a better way.
Though the president proposed an 18-month timetable for his strategy, our lawmakers and Americans need to be asking if escalating the war and getting more people and troops killed is the best way to achieve that first goal. Of course, they also have to wonder how many years that 18 months will become.
Obama said it was ``easy to forget that when this war began, we were united _ bound together by the fresh memory of a horrific attack, and by the determination to defend our homeland and the values we hold dear. I refuse to accept the notion that we cannot summon that unity again.''
Apparently, he's ignoring his knowledge of human nature, economic hardship and debt. It's now eight years later. People, rightly, are sick of war and want our nation's leaders to focus their attention and money on our own problems _ joblessness, health care and energy _ and not on a costly military gamble.
Cary Brunswick, a former managing editor of The Daily Star, is a freelance writer and editor, and editor of oneontatoday.com. He can be reached at email@example.com.


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American Angels win district X-Play title
- Last Updated on 05:41 PM 06/28/12
- BY The Gazette-Virginian
A 12-run second inning gave the Halifax American Angels all-stars the lead for good in a 16-9 win over Halifax National on Sunday that gave American the Dixie Softball District 7 X-Play tournament championship.
The win was the second straight for American in the best-of-three series for the district X-Play title, coming after a 14-6 win on Saturday.
Sunday's win came after National took a 4-1 lead after one inning.
American outscored National 12-1 in the second inning to take a 13-5 lead, but National added three runs in the third to cut to cut its deficit to 13-8.
Halifax American scored three runs in the fourth inning, and National added one run in the fifth for the final score.
Lauryn Chappell had three base hits to lead American, with one RBI, while Christia Wood slugged a solo home run.
Abby Martin and Dee Dee Jeffress each had two singles and an RBI, Kayla Walker, Aliyah Chandler and Raegan Ridgeway added two-run singles, and Kayla Townes, Lucy Settle and Amaya Mitchell each hit an RBI single for American, while Savanna Cabaniss added an RBI on a fielder's choice.
Makala Pulliam had a sacrifice RBI flyout, an RBI groundout and an RBI on a bases loaded walk for National, while Khayla Jones and Madison Vargas each hit an RBI single.
Amanda Duffer collected an RBI on a groundout, Cassidy Thompson had a base hit and Kaitlyn Richardson walked and later scored on a wild pitch for National.
Jeffress pitched one inning, Chappell three innings and Cabaniss two innings for American, with American pitching striking out nine batters.
Gracie Wagstaff and Thompson each pitched two innings for National, with National pitching striking out four American batters.
The American Angels all-stars will play in the Dixie Softball Angels X-Play state tournament, starting July 13 in Crewe-Burkeville.


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The Royal Wedding
The Royal Wedding of Prince William & Kate Middleton on Friday 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey attracted the attention of all. The Royal Wedding schedule will officially begin at 11 a.m., when the couple arrives at Westminster Abbey for their marriage ceremony. And the Archbishop of Canterbury talks about the importance and significance of marriage ahead of the Royal Wedding at that moment.
The upcoming royal wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton to take place on April 29, 2011 is not only a piece of cultural history, but a piece of fashion history. The crown? Heart or rose shape jewelry to show their deeply love to each other? … The jewelry choices made at the royal wedding are sure to be a matter of public interest. As picking the right wedding jewelry is a big choice for any bride.
Most royal experts agree it's likely we'll see a sparkling tiara on the tresses of this most famous bride. Because she has to. Every royal bride, from Princess Diana to the recent Swedish royal sensation, Crown Princess Victoria, has worn a tiara to their ceremony – a prized possession that comes from the coffers of their family's personal stash. While the world will have to wait until next Friday 29 April 2011 to see Kate Middleton's wedding jewelry picks. Looking forward to the Royal Wedding of Prince William & Kate Middleton.


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Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon 1998-2007 Clear Headlight Protector
Clear Headlight Protector for Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon 1998-2007.
ABS plastic Headlight covers offer style and protection for the front of your Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon 1998-2007 model. These clear headlight protectors/ shields are designed for the Toyota Landcruiser Amazon 1998-2007 100 series models. In clear ABS plastic for unaltered light performance.
This is for a pair of head light protectors. These covers simply fit over your existing head lights to prevent stone chips and other expensive damage. Protects from minor damage. Fitted in minutes, lasts for years.
Ideal for frequent foreign drivers, allowing you to fix beam deflectors to the covers, rather than the headlights directly.
These are a brilliant addition to your Toyota Land Cruiser. The headlight protectors come boxed for a safe delivery.
The price includes vat and a receipt will be sent with the delivery.
Product Code BHLC-LC100-NZ


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You've probably heard the story by now. The government of Iceland has forgiven the mortgage debt for much of its population. Thats partially true. They have chosen to Re-Structure. This nation chose a very different way of stopping the crisis from the rest of the other European countries. In an amazingly simple move, they decided to hear the requests of the population and to put politicians and bankers on the "bench of the accused" three years after their financial excesses would sank one of the most prosperous economies in 2008.
This is awesome! It shows that when the people DO STAND UP they have more power and can win against the corrupt bankers and politicians of a country. Which means, I assume, they are putting them on trial for corruption. The beauty of it is that they will have a load of cash to circulate into the economy and into service industries etc…instead of feeding it to the bankers and out of the economy.
A few interesting facts;


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Town residents will cap off a very mild winter in Marblehead Tuesday when they come together to ring in spring inside the Sun Circle at Tuesday morning.
Sponsored by the Clifton Improvement Association, the seasonal ceremony will begin promptly at sunrise, which will occur at 6:45 a.m.
The Sun Circle is a 'henge' or ring created by local sculptor Bruce Greenwald and is situated in such a way that it tracks the position of sunrises throughout the year - particularly the position of the sun at the solstices and equinoxes.
Each year, observers gather and light incense, share poems and songs and vie for position to take a photograph of the sun rising between the pair of columns which mark due east.
"Gongmaster" Don Orne will lead the ceremony, assisted by astronomer Jim Keating, Sculptor Bruce Greenwald and CIA President Lynn Nadeau, each adding brief comments and explanations which will connect the observance of the equinox with science, art, love and the mysteries of the universe.
The equinox is particularly striking in this location as the sun will rise in the east through the paired columns of basalt.
"This ceremony connects art, science, love and the mysteries of the universe through the words of a sculptor, an astronomer, and 'gongmaster' Orne", Nadeau said.
The rain date for the spectacle is Wednesday, March 21. Check out the video attached to this post for a look back at .


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San Angelo Symphony offers powerhouse evening of Liszt
SAN ANGELO, Texas - What: San Angelo Symphony Orchestra performance
Program: Brahms, Hungarian Dance No. 5; Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1, Michael Schneider, soloist; Liszt Piano Concerto No. 2, Anton Nel, soloist; Tchaikovsky, Capriccio Italien
When: 8 p.m. Saturday
Where: McNease Convention Center, 500 Rio Concho Drive
Cost: $20 adults, $18 seniors, $8 students and military, $6 for children
Contact: 325-658-5877
In the days when audiences went to concert halls instead of radio stations or websites to hear the latest musical hits, Franz Liszt was the first performer who could genuinely be called a superstar. The Hungarian artist played the most storied venues in Europe, gave scores of recitals and concerts annually, and was almost certainly the greatest pianist who ever lived.
The San Angelo Symphony on Saturday night is offering a Liszt doubleheader to mark the composer's 200th birthday (it was actually Oct. 22) with performances of his first two piano concertos, both of which are monumentally challenging for soloists and orchestra alike.
Conductor and music director Hector Guzman said offering two concertos by Liszt in a single night is unusual, more so because the two soloists were at one time master and student. Michael Schneider, a San Angelo musician who is the founder and artistic director of the city's annual piano festival, is a Liszt specialist and will play the Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1 in the first half of the program.
Schneider studied for a time under Anton Nel, a native of South Africa who became a U.S. citizen about eight years ago and now lives in Austin and teaches at the University of Texas. Nel will play the Liszt Piano Concerto No. 2 Saturday night after the intermission.
Liszt piano works are famed for dazzling technical displays.
"He was the first musician that achieved superstar status," Guzman said. "He was almost like a rock star; he revolutionized the piano recital. He changed the position of the piano, extended it, made it more virtuosic."
Liszt was the first musician to hold recitals exclusively for solo piano, and he changed the position of the piano on the stage to its familiar modern place, with the inner surface of the lid facing the audience to better project the sound and the keyboard angled toward the audience to offer better visibility of the musician's hands.
His music characteristically is dense, lush and romantic, and technically demanding beyond anything previously composed for keyboard.
Guzman said the orchestral part of the Liszt concertos is not as complex as those of some other composers but still requires careful attention.
"At first, you think it's orchestrally speaking not as difficult as Rachmaninoff or Tchaikovsky, but the most difficult part is that you have to be together with the pianist," he said.
Although Liszt's music is full of pyrotechnics and stunningly rapid and complex passages, it also is delicate and colorful.
"The lyricism of his piano concertos ... these are not just showy pieces. In addition they have gorgeous melodies, beautiful moments that can make you really emotional," Guzman said. "This is not just show-off stuff, this is wonderful music."
Liszt was born in Hungary in 1811, near the end of a decade that saw the birth of the great figures in Romantic Era music, whose influence lasts through today — Hector Berlioz in France in 1803, Frederick Chopin in Poland in 1810, Robert Schumann in Germany in 1810, and Richard Wagner in Germany in 1813.
The San Angelo Symphony concert — titled "Happy Birthday, Franz!" — begins at 8 p.m. Saturday in the McNease Convention Center. Ticket information is available at 325-658-5877.
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Found January 20, 2013 on Fox Sports:
PLAYERS: Scott Brooks, Sam Presti
TEAMS: Denver Nuggets, Oklahoma City Thunder
TEAMS: Denver Nuggets, Oklahoma City Thunder
Oklahoma City Thunder coach Scott Brooks was on the bench leading his team in Sunday night's game against the Denver Nuggets one day after his 79-year-old mother's death. Brooks said in a statement that he decided to coach the game because that's what he feels his mother, Lee Brooks, would have wanted. ''I appreciate the thoughts and prayers that are with my family,'' Brooks said. ''I know my mom would want me to coach tonight's game and I do so to honor her memory and all that she meant to me as a mother and as an invaluable role model.'' There was no immediate word on the cause of death. Lee Brooks had continued operating a family-owned car wash business in Manteca, Calif. She raised Brooks and six siblings after his father left the family when Scott Brooks was still a toddler. ''Our thoughts and prayers are with Scott and his family as they mourn the loss of his mother, Lee,'' Thunder general manager Sam Presti said in a statement. ''Over the years we have come to learn of the tremendous woman that she was; her love and dedication to family, her work ethic, her perseverance and the impact that she had on Scott. Clearly she was an incredible individual who we all came to admire in getting a small glimpse of her life. The entire Thunder organization supports Scott during this very difficult time.''
Original Story: http://msn.foxsports.com/nba/story/Th...
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"I don't think I've changed, Mr. Plaschke," he said. "I don't think I can change."
The winter workday of baseball's brightest new star begins in a concrete tunnel, next to a bucket of balls held together by electrical tape, in front of an old batting tee, with Eckstein taking swings into a frayed net.


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Looking for recipes for crumble? A simple apple crumble recipe for autumn, or a rhubarb crumble for earlier in the year are comfort food classics. Enjoy a quick and easy dessert that can be made in under half an hour and put in the oven just before you sit down to eat your main course.
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Rose State College Performing Arts Center
866-621-0987, 405-733-7960
6000 Trosper Rd
Midwest City, OK 73110
This 1400 seat performing arts theater hosts a variety of live cultural and educational events. The magnificent lobby ... read more...
NSU Center for the Performing Arts
605 N Grand Ave
Tahlequah, OK 74464
The NSU Center for the Performing Arts in Tahlequah brings together a variety of dance, comedy and music shows ... read more...
2101 NE 50th St
Oklahoma City, OK 73111
The Oklahoma City Zoo Amphitheatre was the first and principal structure built in Oklahoma City by the Civilian ... read more...
221 N Washington St
Ardmore, OK 73401
The Washington Theater in Ardmore is a 1,100 seat theatre with stadium-style seating. The theater offers a wide variety ... read more...
222 6th St
Perry, OK 73077
The Stagecoach Community Theatre, located in Perry's Heritage Center, presents comedies, musicals, dramas and off-beat ... read more...
800 W Main St
Oklahoma City, OK 73106
The performance season at Carpenter Square Theatre, located in Oklahoma City, runs from September through August and ... read more...
412 N Boston Ave
Tulsa, OK 74103
Since 1922, Theatre Tulsa has been a part of the culture of Tulsa. Theatre Tulsa has entertained the community through ... read more...
Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park
400 W Sheridan
Oklahoma City, OK 73102
Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park provides Oklahoma with quality stage productions in unique and exciting environments ... read more...
7421 N Classen Blvd
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
The Oklahoma City Ballet, Oklahoma City's professional ballet company, is a leader in dance for the region. This ... read more...
105 E Broadway
Cushing, OK 74023
Non-profit, handicapped accessible, dinner theatre with live plays. Sunday matinees available with show only. Three ... read more...
Enid Event Center & Convention Hall
301 S Independence St
Enid, OK 73701
Enid Event Center & Convention Hall is located in the heart of exciting Downtown Enid. Featuring over 50,000 square ... read more...
800-869-1451, 918-477-7469
7506 E 91st St
Tulsa, OK 74133
Celebrity Attractions brings the finest Broadway musical and theatrical productions to the Civic Center Music Hall in ... read more...
609 N 6th St
Clinton, OK 73601
Community theater offering dramas and musicals form October to June each year. Located in a historic stock show area now ... read more...
103 N Main
Miami, OK 74354
Located off historic Route 66 in northeast Oklahoma, the Coleman Theatre is an iconic piece of Oklahoma history. From ... read more...
117 N Main St
Miami, OK 74354
The Miami Little Theatre has been entertaining audiences for over 50 years. This performing arts group has ... read more...
116 N Maple St
Nowata, OK 74048
The Nowata Country Jubilee is a Grand Ole Opry style music show featuring a stage band and great guests. Music ranges ... read more...
800-782-7167, 580-252-2900
800 Chisholm Trail Pkwy
Duncan, OK 73534
The Simmons Center in Duncan is a multi-purpose complex featuring a 750-seat performing arts theatre that hosts musical ... read more...
824 W Main
Duncan, OK 73534
Duncan Little Theatre provides an extremely varied program of plays musicals, assorted dinner theatres, and melodramas ... read more...
200 I NE St
Miami, OK 74354
The NEO Fine Arts Center in Miami is a 875-seat auditorium on the beautiful NEO A&M College campus. This ... read more...
114 S 9th
Frederick, OK 73542
The Ramona Theatre, once known as the "showplace of the Southwest", was built in 1929 and restored by the Frederick Arts ... read more...
Oklahoma City Chorus of Sweet Adelines International
222 NW 15th
Oklahoma City, OK 73103
The OK City Chorus of Sweet Adelines is one of the top performing groups in Oklahoma. This 90-voice performance chorus ... read more...
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Most Important Thing From Stuffplug, All I Would Need.
The Most Important Thing From Stuffplug, All I Would Need.
Feb 8 2009, 07:29 AM
Post #1
Group: New Members
Posts: 2
Joined: 18-December 08
Member No.: 3,850
I saw the post saying TB would have to rewrite the whole code for WLM 9 so now Stuffplug is pretty much dead but he's collecting suggestions to see what people would like to see for a light program. Well as for me, the only thing I absolutely need is something to "remove" the character limit. Finaly after a few months, MSN Plus made the version v4.80 which is now compatible with the 2009 version so I'm not able to post 1100 caracters instead of the ridiculous 400 from default value... but why the hell did this idiot only chose 1100 for the value if he got to change it?!? If I could change it I wouldn't set it 2,75x higher but at least 5x higher because I know I will still be limited with 1100, but at least more like "sometimes" instead of "absolutely all the time" that I write a message to somebody.
Feb 9 2009, 03:00 AM
Post #2
Advanced Member
Group: Members
Posts: 734
Joined: 16-November 06
From: Sydney, Australia
Member No.: 33
You cannot "remove" the character limit. Patchou set it at 1100 because that is a reasonable amount to be required without needing to spam people (more or less, paraphrasing).TB put it up to the maximum possible, that is 5000.
|Lo-Fi Version
|Time is now: 29th July 2014 - 04:35 AM


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ENID, Okla. —
A former Enid resident who now lives in Moore stared last week's tornado in the face while taking his kids home from school.
Sean Kennedy, who has lived in Moore the past 15 years, was working near Crossroads Mall when he heard the tornado was coming. He rushed to Fisher Elementary School to get his three kids and ran into heavy traffic. He called the elementary school to have them prepare his kids, then parked and ran six blocks to the school. Hail already had started falling as he arrived at the school.
Carrying his smaller child, Kennedy told the other two to run, and they ran for his pickup.
"We ran in the hail. I scooped up the little one and told the others to run. When we got to the pickup, I told them to buckle up and hold on," Kennedy said.
As he turned onto May Avenue, he was looking at the tornado.
"It was coming right at us. I've never been so scared in my life. I was afraid I wouldn't get those kids to a safe place," he said. "It looked like it was coming right at us."
Kennedy made his way home and took the kids across the street to a neighbor's tornado shelter. His youngest son has asthma and is very scared of tornadoes, and he began having trouble breathing. Kennedy ran out of the shelter and ran across the street in the hail to get his son's inhaler, with the tornado right on top of them.
"I had to try three times to get the garage door open, then I ran through the house until I found an inhaler and ran back," Kennedy said.
As it turned out, they were safe and their property was not damaged. Kennedy said his house was about a mile from the path of the tornado, which went over his house before touching down on its deadly path. He said he had debris and hail at his house, but nothing else.
"I was afraid I wouldn't make it to the school in time. When they lock down, it's too late; it doesn't matter if you are the parent, they won't release them to you," Kennedy said.
Fisher Elementary School is about a mile and a half north of the disaster area, he said. Some of Kennedy's friends did not arrive in time and were unable to get their children.
Ten people and four dogs were found in the shelter, Kennedy said.
As the tornado passed over, Kennedy said it sounded like a giant shop vacuum passing overhead.
"It was an awful sucking sound and the sirens were going off at the same time," he said.
One of the shelter's occupants had a radio, and they heard broadcasts of the storm flattening one house after another. Everyone had friends, relatives or co-workers who lived in the area that was hit by the tornado, he said.
"We were devastated. We didn't know who was safe and who wasn't. I lived in Moore in 1999 when the last tornado hit, and I was having flashbacks of that," Kennedy said.
He admitted he has considered moving because of the tornadoes. He and his family have only lived in their house about a year. They strongly considered another house in Newcastle. He drove by that house after the storm.
"It's just matchsticks and rubble," he said. "We had a lot of soul-searching about that house. It was flattened to the slab," he said.
Kennedy is wondering why storms follow the same path and said there must be a reason.
"This many times in the same area is not a coincidence," he said.
Storm Coverage
Former Enid man came face-to-face with twister
ENID, Okla. —
A former Enid resident who now lives in Moore stared last week's tornado in the face while taking his kids home from school.
- Storm Coverage
Oklahoma death toll up to 13, with 7 still missing
Authorities said five children and two adults remain missing and aren't expected to be found alive.
Damaging storms moving through east, south
Heavy rain, thunderstorms, high winds and hail moved through sections of the Northeast on Sunday afternoon, leaving 30,000 in Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine still without power late that night.
3 veteran storm chasers killed by Oklahoma tornado
"He looked at tornadoes not for the spotlight of TV but for the scientific aspect. At the end of the day, he wanted to save lives and he gave the ultimate sacrifice for that." — Jim Samaras of his brother, Tim Samaras, who died with his son, Paul Samaras, and fellow storm chaser Carl Young during Friday's storms in the OKC area.
The Discovery Channel planned to dedicate a show Sunday night to the three men, capping the broadcast with a tribute that will read: "In memory of Tim Samaras, Carl Young and Paul Samaras who died Friday, May 31st doing what they love, chasing storms."
Sitting targets: On-edge Oklahomans opt to flee tornadoes
Interstates and roadways already packed with rush-hour traffic quickly became parking lots as people tried to escape the oncoming storm. Motorists were trapped in their vehicles — a place emergency officials say is one of the worst to be in a tornado.
- Photo slideshow: Tornado outbreak deadly again Tornadoes rolled in from the prairie and slammed Oklahoma City and its suburbs Friday, trapping people in their vehicles as it swept down an interstate highway while commuters tried to beat the storm home. A mother and her baby and seven others were killed, but meteorologists who had warned about particularly nasty weather said the storm's fury didn't match that of a deadly twister that struck suburban Moore last week. The tornadoes came after another outbreak on Thursday, May 30, 2013, that caused damage in Broken Arrow and other parts of the state. Tornado damage also is seen from Missouri.
Flooding reported in Metro after tornadoes
Kristy Yager says city street Superintendent Randy Moulder is waiting for the rain to end before sending crews out to deal with the flooding. Yager says about an inch of water was also standing on the first floor of City Hall.
Moore's Warren Theatre reopening today
The theater complex sustained $500,000 to $1 million in damages but is structurally sound.
FEMA: 1,248 buildings destroyed in Oklahoma tornadoes
The Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency say they've compiled damage assessments from the storms that took place May 19 and May 20.
Former Enid man came face-to-face with twister
Moore resident said tornado sounded like a vacuum.
Tornado upon them, quick choices decided fate
With death staring them in the face and adrenaline coursing through their veins, the citizens of Moore were faced with the biggest decisions of their lives, and they had nothing to go on but gut instinct amid raw terror.
- More Storm Coverage Headlines
- Oklahoma death toll up to 13, with 7 still missing


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About us
Could Vitamin B Really Prevent Alzheimer's
17 Sep, 2011 - 11:11am
Recently the Daily Express reported in a front-page story that vitamin B can help protect the brain from dementia. "A daily 10p vitamin pill could prevent millions of people being struck down by Alzheimer's disease," the newspaper concluded. The report comes from a recent study that looked at whether high doses of vitamin B could help the elderly with memory problems.
At this week's British Science Festival, scientists fervently discussed two sets of results from a recent study on high-dose vitamin B in elderly people with a condition termed mild cognitive impairment, or MCI, which can foreshadow Alzheimer's disease. The research discovered that, in a small number of tests, subjects who took vitamin B showed improvements compared to those who took a placebo. A previous trial last September showed that people who took vitamin B had 30% less atrophy in the brain, compared to a placebo.
Although the results sound promising, there is no denying that this small, well-conducted study fails to prove definitively that vitamin B can prevent dementia. It does suggest, however, that high doses of vitamin D can help some people with MCI, which could develop into dementia. Certainly, a longer and more in-depth trial is required.
It is interesting, no doubt, to note that the high doses of vitamin D used in the trial can not be obtained from a normal diet or the usual fair of supplements. As the researchers warn us, high doses of any supplement could potentially be harmful to one's health, and could increase the risk of other conditions, such as cancer. If you want to take a vitamin B supplement, and plan on dosing above the recommended daily allowance (RDA), you should consult your general practitioner before proceeding.
This study comes from the University of Oxford and the University of Oslo, Norway. Funding was provided by a plethora of UK organizations, including the Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust, the Medical Research Council, and the Alzheimer's Research Trust. The results were published in two different papers; the first appeared in the journal PLoS One discussed brain shrinkage, the second in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry in July 2011. Currently, the data is being presented at the British Science Festival.
It is apt to conclude that the researchers "found that high-dose B vitamins appeared to have benefit in a number of mental tests for some people with MCI. However, as the researchers point out, the study had some limitations, including the relatively small size of the trial and also the relatively modest size of the effect (the cognitive improvements seen). Also, the study was not set up primarily to assess the possible effect of vitamin B on cognitive function, as the first part of this study looked at brain atrophy.
"While this study has presented intriguing results, a larger trial is now needed to assess whether high doses of vitamin B could slow down progression to dementia."


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The draft maps that will change the boundaries of Los Angeles City Council districts as part of the redistricting process have "inadvertent errors" throughout the city, including the proposal to remove parts of Westchester from City Councilman Bill Rosendahl's 11th District, the chairman of the redistricting commission said Thursday night during the second of seven public hearings on the proposed maps.
The hearing was held in a Westchester gymnasium packed with more than 500 people and Rosendahl was greeted like a champion boxer when he entered with a roar from the crowd, a standing ovation and chants of "Bill! Bill! Bill!" Many in the audience showed up specifically to protest the removal of Westchester from Rosendahl's district and some held signs saying "Westchester Playa del Rey CD11 WE ARE ONE."
Arturo Vargas, chair of the Los Angeles City Council Redistricting Commission, early in the hearing at the Westchester Recreation Center addressed the concerns of the standing-room-only audience and acknowledged "imperfections" with the draft maps.
"We'll be very frank with everybody that the slip the draft maps had in Westchester was inadvertent," Vargas said. "There are also inadvertent errors in other parts of the city."
Rosendahl addressed the crowd after another nearly 30-second standing ovation and called the plans to remove Westchester from his district "crazy, crazy, crazy" and called the proposal an "insult" to the relationship between Playa del Rey and Westchester and said it raised particular concerns over Los Angeles International Airport issues.
Rosendahl circulated an online petition to keep Westchester in his district that has gained more than 2,000 signatures. He also said he had the support of fellow council members Bernard Parks, Eric Garcetti, Jan Perry and Herb Wesson for keeping Westchester. Parks, Garcetti and Perry all attended the hearing and voiced their support for keeping Westchester in CD11.
Parks, Perry and Garcetti also acknowledged map shortcomings within their own districts. Parks, the former Los Angeles police chief whose 8th District covers primarily South Central Los Angeles, addressed the commission and said he hopes they also find an "inadvertent error" in his district. He specifically asked that Leimert Park, the longstanding hub of African-American arts culture in Los Angeles, remain in his district. Perry, whose 9th District covers the southern end of downtown, said the proposed maps would remove downtown from the rest of her South Los Angeles district along the 110 Freeway corridor. Garcetti said the proposed maps would have him living in another council member's district.
Other contested areas included Hollywood, with representatives of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce telling the commission that it should not split Hollywood Boulevard in half. The proposed maps call for dividing Hollywood Boulevard at Highland Avenue with the north side of Hollywood Boulevard in Councilman Tom LaBonge's 4th District and the south side in Garcetti's 13th District.
"So the Kodak Theatre will be in one district and the Ripley's Believe It or Not would be in another," said Carol Massie, a Hollywood chamber board member who also runs a McDonald's in Hollywood. Entertainment events that entail closing Hollywood Boulevard would force event promoters to approach two council members and spend twice as much time and twice as much money on permits, Massie said.
Though Vargas told the audience that the removal of Westchester was an error, a steady stream of concerned residents nonetheless entered their objections on the record during the two-hour hearing. The common theme was that Westchester, Playa del Rey and Playa Vista are communities with common interests that share a neighborhood council, a chamber of commerce and a community plan and should not be separated. There also were concerns over LAX expansion, which Rosendahl has steadfastly opposed.
Denny Schneider, a Westchester resident who is also a member of the Neighborhood Council of Westchester/Playa and opponent of airport expansion, said the community would remain vigilant over the proposed maps.
"Don't disenfranchise us by separating us," Schneider said. "You said you're not going to, but we'll see at the end of the day whether that's true. We're not believing until the end. You've already had 15 meetings and we didn't see the results from those first 15, so we're watching."
Cyndi Hench, a Westchester resident and president of the Neighborhood Council of Westchester/Playa, said the commission took "some of her thunder" away by acknowledging its error. She said that she looked forward to seeing the maps fixed with CD11 boundaries of the Pacific Ocean to the west and the 405 Freeway to the east.
Vargas after the hearing said there were errors "all over the city" in the proposed maps and specifically cited Rosendahl's CD11, LaBonge's CD4 and City Councilman Paul Koretz's CD5. He said the errors were a result of trying to do something in one part of the city that effected other parts of the city.
The commission has scheduled seven public hearings over the proposed maps and the next one will be held Saturday at Pierce College in Woodland Hills. The commission will meet after the hearings and consider making changes to the draft map.
"It's an imperfect product and part of why we're holding seven hearings is to hear the problems," Vargas said.
The commission must submit its map to the City Council by March 1 and the City Council must approve it by July 1.
The redistricting process occurs every 10 years and leads to boundary changes to reflect population changes.
Hundreds Pack Los Angeles City Council Redistricting Hearing in Westchester
A standing-room-only crowd of more than 500 people turned out for a Los Angeles City Council Redistricting Commission hearing in Westchester mostly to protest draft maps that would remove Westchester from City Councilman Bill Rosendahl's 11th District.
The draft maps that will change the boundaries of Los Angeles City Council districts as part of the redistricting process have "inadvertent errors" throughout the city, including the proposal to remove parts of Westchester from City Councilman Bill Rosendahl's 11th District, the chairman of the redistricting commission said Thursday night during the second of seven public hearings on the proposed maps.
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Each week, we'll highlight a few open positions in town. Note that the descriptions below are abbreviated from the original postings and do not reflect all of each job's duties and requirements.
Job: Program Assistant for Housing and Community Development
Location: Takoma Park, Md
Description: The ideal candidate should be able to assist with various requests, inquiries or issues, and serve as back up to other clerical staff as needed
Job: Recreation Program Assistant for Teens
Location: Takoma Park, Md
Description: The City of Takoma Park Recreation Department is looking for an enthusiastic Recreation Program Assistant to work with teens ages 13-19. The typical work hours are from 2:00 to 8:30 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 2:00 to 9:30 p.m. Friday with occasional Saturday hours required.
Job: Mechanic
Location: Takoma Park, Md
Description: The ideal candidate would use their skills to work on various types of vehicles and equipment. The successful candidate will perform diagnostics, trouble shoot, and complete repairs on cars, trucks, and other heavy equipment.
Job: Assistant Store Manager at Sprint Nextel
Location: Takoma Park, Md
Description: The successful candidate will be responsible for customer sales and meeting customer needs. They will also handle customer problems that escalate.
Location: Silver Spring, Md
Description: To apply for the HubPages Apprenticeship Program, fill out the appropriate form (see below), which will ask for some basic contact information as well as your interests and links to your published work, and submit it for review.


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Treasury's 5-YEAR Inflation-Indexed Notes January Reference CPI Numbers and Daily Index Ratios
December 16, 1997
Public Debt announced today the reference Consumer Price Index (CPI) numbers and the daily index ratios for the month of January for the 5-year Treasury inflation-indexed notes of Series J-2002. This information is based on the non- seasonally adjusted U.S. City Average All Items Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.
In addition to the publication of the reference CPI's (Ref CPI) and index ratios, this release provides the non- seasonally adjusted CPI-U for the prior three-month period.
This information is available through the Treasury's Office of Public Affairs automated fax system by calling 202-622-2040 and requesting document number 2116. The information is also available on the Internet at Public Debt's home page.
The information for February is expected to be released on January 13, 1998.
Contact: Office of Financing