text:
Original Sin
The metaphysical discussion of evil needs to be supplemented by what Aquinas says about original sin. Previously we noted that Augustine developed his teaching about original sin, in part, to account for the reality of evil and innocent suffering that he saw all around him. Aquinas inherited the church's teaching about original sin and was aware of developments in the theological tradition that had taken place between the time of Augustine and his own day. The notion of human solidarity in the sin of Adam had been explained in various ways by theologians who wrote before Aquinas. There had also been discussion about the essence of original sin. For example, Anselm of Canterbury had proposed that the essence of original sin consists of the privation of original justice — the loss of the justice possessed by Adam in paradise, due to his disobedience.
Aquinas draws on this idea of original sin as a privation of original justice. For him the state in which Adam and Eve (whom he takes as historical individuals) were created was that of original justice. This condition was not simply a state of natural happiness; it was a way of being made possible by the gift of God's grace. As Aquinas puts it, "That he [Adam] was actually set up in grace seems to be required by the very rightness (rectitudo) in which God made man for his first state…" (Summa Theologiae 95, 1).
Thus the gift of grace, which for Aquinas refers to the action of God leading us to union with God, was present before the "fall" of the human race."' The state of "rightness" in which the first human beings were created included a harmony between the various powers of the human person. Aquinas describes it as a condition in which human reason was submissive to God, the lower powers of the human soul were submissive to reason, and the body was submissive to the soul (Summa Theologiae, 1, 95, 1). In this graced condition, the first humans possessed all of the virtues. Their entire being was completely oriented to God and to obedience to the divine will.
This state of original justice was for Aquinas a gift divinely bestowed upon human nature in the parents of the human race. It was not something owed to Adam and Eve by reason of nature. It did, however, entail the perfection of human nature, including freedom from suffering and death, the integration of human desires (appetites), and the gift of charity in the will. Aquinas argues that Adam was created immortal because "his soul was equipped by God with a supernatural force capable of preserving the body from all decay, as long as it remained submissive to God itself" (Summa Theologiae 1, 97, 2). Original justice also entailed immunity from suffering. Adam "was immune from it [suffering] both in body and in soul, just as he was immortal, for he could have kept suffering away just as much as death, if he had persisted without sin" (Summa Theologiae, 1, 97, 2).
Moreover, the condition of original justice, while not entailing the beatific vision, included a higher knowledge of God than that possessed by human beings after the fall. Aquinas argues that those who enjoy the vision of God (the knowledge of God possessed by the blessed in heaven) "are so solidly established in the love of God that never can they sin" (Summa Theologiae 1, 94, 1). Since Adam sinned, he could not have had this gift. Nevertheless, "he did know God with a loftier knowledge than we do now and thus his knowledge was somehow or other half way between knowledge in our present state and knowledge in the home-country, where God is seen in his essence" (Summa Theologiae, 1, 94, 1). If there had been no sin, human beings would not have died but would have been transferred into the state of beatitude — the condition of beholding the essence of God.
Given this account of the creation of the first human beings in a state of original justice, Aquinas then views the essence of original sin as the loss, or privation, of original justice. Through the sin of Adam, humanity lost the gift of original justice, and human nature was modified as a result of this privation. Employing Aristotelian terminology, Aquinas speaks of original sin as a "habit," that is, a disposition according to which a subject is well disposed or ill disposed toward something.
Original sin is "a disordered disposition growing from the dissolution of that harmony in which original justice consisted" (Summa Theologiae I-Il, 82, 1). He likens this disordered disposition to a bodily illness. Human nature has become sick because of the effects of the sin that occurred at the very origins of human history. In this condition, the powers of the human soul have become disturbed. Drawing on the classic image of "wounds," Aquinas speaks of the wounds of ignorance, malice, weakness, and concupiscence. Ignorance damages human reason, malice wounds the will, weakness affects the irascible appetite (the capacity to face situations that are difficult), and concupiscence wounds the concupiscible appetite (the attraction to things that are desirable). Death and other forms of human suffering are also the results of original sin (Summa Theologiae I-II, 85, 5). He writes:
In this way the sin of the first parents is the cause of death and of all like defects in human nature. For the sin of the first parents removed original justice; through this not only were the lower powers of the soul held harmoniously under the control of reason but the whole body was subordinated to the soul without any defect…. Once, therefore, original justice was lost through the sin of the first parents, just as human nature was injured in soul by the disordering of the powers, so also it became corruptible by reason of the disturbance of the body's order. (Summa Theologiae I-I1, 85, 5)
A complete treatment of Aquinas' approach to sin would include an account of his rich and textured theology of grace. In his discussion of grace Aquinas asserts that we need the gift of God's action within us both as elevating and as healing. First, in order to experience communion with God, we need grace to move us beyond the capacities of human nature. He describes grace as "a certain participation in the divine nature." By communicating a share in the divine nature God makes us "godlike" (Summa Theologiae 1, 112, 1). While this gift is something that exceeds the capacities of human nature, it is not foreign to our humanity because human nature has its finality in God."' Second, because of the debilitating effects of original sin as well as personal sin, we need God's grace to heal our sick nature. And Aquinas is convinced that when God graciously acts within us, this divine action makes a real difference. In Aristotelian terms, he speaks of grace as a "habitual gift" that modifies the human spirit, making a person exist differently (Summa Theologiae I-I1, 111, 3). As original sin leaves us with a disordered disposition, grace renews us with a disposition oriented to God. Aquinas conceives of grace "as something which makes a definite, historical difference in people." It is not just that we are loved by God, we become lovable because of the healing, life-giving action of God within us. In a kind of summary statement, Aquinas offers a deep and expansive account of the effects of grace: "Now there are five effects of grace in us: firstly, the healing of the soul; secondly, willing the good; thirdly, the efficacious performance of the good willed; fourthly, perseverance in the good; fifthly, the attainment of glory" (Summa Theologiae I-Il, 1 1 1, 3). Aquinas, then, underlines the primacy of grace in the Christian life; like Augustine, he is convinced that grace is needed at every step along the path of salvation. And he depicts a God who is generous in offering this grace, bestowing his presence in our lives in a way that is transformative.
Aquinas' treatment of the effects of original sin in the Summa Theologiae includes an intriguing objection — an argument with which he will not be in full agreement. In addressing the question of whether death and other bodily ills are the effects of sin, he cites an opposing position that claims that if this were the case then baptism and penance, by which sin is removed through sacramental grace, should also remove death and bodily ills. People living in the state of grace, then, should no longer experience suffering and death. In his response to this argument, Aquinas affirms that the grace of these sacraments does in fact remove both sin and the effects of sin.
He quotes the Letter to the Romans, in which Paul speaks of the indwelling Spirit that brings life to our mortal bodies (Romans 8:11). But, Aquinas explains, each of these benefits of the sacraments "takes place according to the order of divine wisdom at a fitting time." He asserts:
For it is right that we pass to the freedom from death and suffering proper to the glory begun in Christ and acquired by Christ for us only after being made conformed to him in his suffering. Thus it must be that subjection to suffering remain for a time in our bodies that in conformity with Christ we may merit the freedom from suffering proper to the state of glory.
(Summa Theologiae I-II, 85, 5, ad 2)
Thus, for Aquinas, the Christian is meant to configure his or her life to the crucified and risen Lord and, through union with Christ, be delivered from suffering in eternal life. The postponement of this freedom from suffering is in some mysterious way in keeping with the wisdom of God. This reference to conformity to Christ leads us to consider Aquinas' theology of the incarnation.
The Incarnation and God's Relation to Human Suffering
How does Aquinas' theology of Jesus touch upon suffering? We examine three relevant aspects of his thinking about the person and saving work of Jesus: his discussion of the unity of Christ and the communication of idioms; his reflection on the grace of Christ as head of the church; and his treatment of the saving work of Jesus.
- First, in his Christological reflection, Aquinas presumes the teaching of the early councils of the church, especially Ephesus and Chalcedon. The very first question in his treatment of Christ in the Summa Theologiae concerns the fittingness of the incarnation. As such, Aquinas integrates the traditional principle of the communication of idioms into his description of the person of Jesus. Following the teaching of Ephesus, he argues that because Christ is one person in two natures, we may predicate of God that which is attributed to the human nature of Christ (Summa Theologiae III, 16, 4).
Aquinas affirms that "the passion is to be attributed to the divine person, not by reason of Christ's divine nature which is impassible, but by reason of his human nature" (Summa Theologiae III, 46, 12). He immediately quotes the Third Letter of Cyril to Nestorius, in which Cyril asserts that "the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh." In his exposition of Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians, he numbers as one of the articles of faith "that the impassible God suffers and dies" (quod in,passibilis Deus patiatur et moriatur). Because of the unity of Christ, the suffering that he undergoes in his human nature can be attributed to the one divine person.
In an essay on Aquinas and human suffering, Michael Dodds highlights the role that the communication of idioms plays in his Christology. For Aquinas, we can truly confess that Jesus' suffering is the very suffering of God, that the human suffering of Jesus is itself the suffering of the Logos. "And what we say is not a mere matter of words but of fact and reality." Appealing to this Thomistic teaching as an alternative to the idea that suffering touches the divine nature, Dodds maintains that if we "recognize that… Jesus of Nazareth is God, we will not be inclined to postulate some suffering of the divine nature as belonging more really to God, or being more really God's own, than is the human suffering of Jesus." No suffering is "more really God's own than the suffering of the man, Jesus of Nazareth." We are predicating of God not some sort of "divine suffering," but "rather a human suffering like our own." He who is like us "in all things but sin" "suffers as we do, as human; and yet that human suffering is the suffering of God."
- Second, like Augustine, Aquinas pays particular attention to the Pauline theme of the Body of Christ and to Christ's role as the head of the body. This is evident in the question in his Summa Theologiae in which he treats the grace of Christ as the head of the church (Summa Theologiae Ill, 8). Aquinas thinks that all grace derives from Christ as the Son of God — as one who is truly divine. But he also thinks that the humanity of Christ, which possesses the fullness of grace, has an instrumental role in the bestowal of grace upon humanity:
In his view it is not the case that the eternal God remains apart from his creation, handing out grace in the role of a distant divinity with a soft spot for human beings. He holds that God is also a man, and that grace derives from him on that basis and since Christ is the founder of the Church, he puts this by saying that there is such a thing as the grace of Christ as head of the Church.
Thus, appealing to Paul's statements in Romans 12 and First Corinthians 12, Aquinas affirms that "the whole Church is called one mystical body by analogy with the physical body of man." The risen Christ has the power to infuse grace into every member of the church (Summa Theologiae III, 8, 1). This influence of Christ in bestowing grace is realized principally through participation in the sacraments.
Aquinas' reflection on the grace of Christ as head of the church has the effect of illuminating the organic connection between Christ and every member of his body. In his exposition of the Letter to the Ephesians, he says that Christ loves the church "as something of himself" because believers are members of his body. When he discusses the famous passage in Colossians about the suffering of the apostle making up for what is lacking in the suffering of Christ (Colossians 1:24), he refers to the suffering of the whole church whose head is Christ. Aquinas comments, "For this was lacking, that as Christ suffered in his own body, so he would suffer in Paul, his member, and similarly in others."
For Aquinas, "the sufferings of Paul were the sufferings of Christ, since Paul was a member of Christ. Our sufferings are also Christ's own, since we are members of Christ." Aquinas profound reflections on the intimate connection between Christ and the members of the church remind readers of Augustine's meditations on the "whole Christ." They manifest his deep conviction about the closeness of Christ to every believer and Christ's participation in the sufferings of all the members of his body.
3. Third, Aquinas' exploration of the saving work of Christ (soteriology) also provides insight into his approach to God and the mystery of suffering. In his soteriology, Aquinas draws upon the theory of satisfaction worked out by Anselm of Canterbury in the latter's Cur Deus Homo. He thinks that one way to express the meaning of the saving work of Christ is to speak of Christ as making satisfaction for the debt owed to God by the human race because of sin.
For Aquinas, however, this was not the only way that God could have saved us. He argues that neither the incarnation nor the passion of Jesus was absolutely necessary for the salvation of the human race. God could have saved us in other ways. If God had wished to free people from sin without any satisfaction, God would not have been acting against justice because God is not answerable to any order outside of Godself. Thomas does think, though, that the incarnation and the passion of Christ represented the most fitting way for God to enact God's saving power. The incarnation was the best way to evoke faith in us, to build up hope in us, and to enkindle charity in us (Summa Theologiae III, 1, 2). And the passion of Jesus was the most excellent way to liberate humankind from sin because it showed us how much God loves us, provided an example of humility and obedience, and restored human dignity (Summa Theologiae III, 46, 3).
Aquinas expands the range of metaphors used to describe Christ's saving work beyond that of satisfaction to include merit, sacrifice, and redemption. He does not think that we should focus on just one image in our reflection on salvation. Throughout the discussion in his two Summas, he consistently highlights the obedience and charity of Christ as the true source of salvation. In the Summa Contra Gentiles, he says about the death of Christ "that it had its satisfying power from His charity in which He bore death voluntarily, and not from the iniquity of His killers who sinned in killing Him" (Summa Contra Gentiles IV, 55, 25). In his discussion in the Summa Tbeologiae, when he asks whether God the Father gave Christ over to his passion, he admits that the Father did not shield the Son from suffering. But what is most significant is that the Father filled Christ with charity, inspiring him to will to suffer for us. "It was from love that the Father delivered Christ, and that Christ gave himself up to death" (Summa Tbeologiae III, 47, 3).
Aquinas adds, "To show the abundance of the love which led him to suffer, Christ on the cross sought pardon for his persecutors," and "Christ's passion was the offering of a sacrifice inasmuch as Christ, by his own will, suffered death out of love" (Summa Theologiae III, 47, 4, ad 1 and ad 2). He asserts that "the love of the suffering Christ outweighed the wickedness of those who slew him" (Summa Theologiae III, 49, 4, ad 3). Thus, for Aquinas it is the divine and human charity in Christ expressed in and through his suffering that saves, not his suffering as such.
There is no glorification of human suffering in Aquinas' reflections on Christ. Mary Ann Fatula highlights this salient theme in Aquinas, commenting, "Thomas saw that Jesus' death saves us not because it was full of pain, but because it was full of love." Fatula proceeds to observe, "In Christ's passion, therefore, Thomas contemplates his most intimate act of friendship for us; the salvation that Jesus brings is not only our healing but also the deepest intimacy with him." Jesus' free act in taking up his cross is for Aquinas the ultimate act of friendship — love.
Commenting on Aquinas's discussion of the passion, O'Meara remarks, "In the last analysis it is God's countering moves of love which save humanity, for Calvary is an example and climax of divine activity struggling with evil in history."


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The day at my desk. The (Fashion's) Night out.
Milly on 73rd and Madison at the end of Fashion's Night Out. 8:35 PM. Photo: DPC.
Friday, September 7, 2012.
Yesterday warm and very humid. I spent the day at my desk.
Today is the birthday of Daisy Soros
. If you don't know who (whom) I'm talking about, she's the woman who with her husband
, has brought New York the Summer Swing dances every summer in the Damrosch Park at Lincoln Center for the last 17 years. So we can thank her for her birthday.
Happy Birthday Daisy
Daisy and Joy.
And while we're on the subject, it's also the birthday of
Joy Ingham
who doesn't supply any summer dances (or any other dances) anytime anywhere as far as we know.
Although she's the one who first got me interested in City Harvest about twenty years ago. She's been pushing that this long, and now as you may know she (and her comrades) has (have) been pushing City Harvest into the big time. They're delivering more food to more New Yorkers in need, then ever before. And there are more in need then ever before, many more. City Harvest; a little check will do wonders for your spirits as well as the tummies of some little ones somewhere out there.
You may have seen Joy's picture here
on these pages, including pictures of her when she was
Joy Briggs
. That was then and this is then too, if you catch my drift. But she's a Virgo like Daisy (obviously) and they both share many characteristics that make them quite their own persons as well as very loveable. Oh, you can have little arguments with them too. They'll let you on it if you should need to know. And they actually live just six blocks from each other overlooking Central Park. And they both go to Nantucket every year. Do they see much of each other? Probably not. Virgos you know, with Sons Rising and Daughters on the Moon; they like variety.
Also last night
"Forbidden Broadway" opened officially at the 47th Street Theater on West 47th between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. I went on Wednesday night with some friends and with my friend
Paxton Quigley,
who is one of the producers of this edition of "Forbidden Broadway, Alive and Kicking." I'd always heard of it but never got to see one before now.
It's a review created and written by
Gerard Alessandrini
. It's been reviewed all over the place and they're all raves, or close to it. I can understand. I've never been to the theatre before where the audience starts laughing in the first thirty seconds and laughs and roars with laughter right up to the end of the show.
It's a musical roast and in the past they've won 9 Drama Desk Awards, a Special Tony, an Obie, a Lucille Lortel and a Drama League Award. This edition takes on
Porgy and Bess, Anything Goes, Follies, Spider-Man, Book of Mormon, Nice Work If You Can Get It
(sorry, Matthew),
Mandy Patinkin
Patty LuPone, Audra MacDonald, Bono, Julie Taymor
, Mary Poppins, Newsies
, and
Death of a Salesman
. Outrageous in outrageous costumes for outrageously quick changes. This cast of four is really a cast of thousands!
Natalie Charle Ellis, Jenny Lee Stern, Scott Richard Foster, Marcus Stevens
. A riot.
Tracie Bennett
as Judy Garland as played by Jenny Lee Stern; ha! It'll never be the same for you again. Watching it I had the feeling that
herself would be falling off her chair with laughter. Everybody else was. Check it out:
I'm not a frequent theatre-goer so I was a little worried about not knowing what show they were referring to. Forget it; doesn't matter: they're so funny you don't even care. Although it was easy in some cases. I felt as if I were getting the "inside" review of the whole experience I never saw.
The backstory here is that
Pax and I are old friend from Los Angeles. She moved to New York for the first time only five years ago. Her only regret she says, is that she didn't do it sooner. She loves it. She's also never walked more in her life, and gone to the opera and the ballet more (and walked there and walked home). Years ago when she was a kid, she briefly pursued an acting career, which is how she ended up in L.A., so this venture is in a very real way a revival of the passion to be involved in theatre. And so it was.
Last night in New York
, if you didn't know (and if so, you must have been under a rock if you live in Manhattan), was the annual Fashion's Night Out. FNO. I got started late so I missed the pouring-out-into-the-street crowds. Nevertheless. I'm not a shopper anyway so going into a store (unless I need something desperately) isn't my habit. However, it was still an interesting event to witness. Madison Avenue (I started my little photo-stroll at 64th Street) was really buzzing, busier than in the day time. And usually at the eight o'clock hour, except for the restaurants with their tables open onto the avenue.
Tamsen Z. Ann's Ziff's handmade precious gem jewelry.
Ribbons and brooches at Fred Leighton.
Betsy Perry in her Balenciaga dress, J. Crew sweater (in her hand), and Chanel shoulder bag.
They were passing out these goodie bracelets (I think they were bracelets) in front of Fred Leighton.
Cell phone and champagne at Dennis Basso. Who could ask for anything more?
Alice and Olivia. They just can't stay away.
And here's why. Or one of the reasons why.
And another reason.
Canine fashion victim in more ways than one.
Roger Vivier handbags.
Armani sorbet.
Roger Vivier again.
Hassan's full-up at Bar Italia.
A customer's Bentley in front.
Hassan suggesting Anna Safir come in for a cocktail. Mother Eleanora Kennedy saying: what do you think?
Crossing the velvet rope outside Oscar de la Renta.
The gang inside Oscar de la Renta.
Watching from outside Oscar de la Renta.
Moving on up the avenue.
Michael Kors SRO.
Creed for you and for kings.
She's got legs at Giuseppe Zanotti.
Hanging at Dolce and Gabbana.
Ahh, finally home (at Pratesi). Or one to dream on.
These shoes were made for walking at Prada ...
... with these handbags.
They said it, not me.
It's getting late (or losing it) at Milly's.
Seen it all, thank you.
Lisa Perry's palette.
And over at Bottega Veneta on Fifth Avenue, they introduced a group of eco-friendly handbags and unveiled a special project photographed by An Le. A percentage of sales from the evening will be donated to the International Center of Photography Programs for Youth.
Pictured above: Tomas Maier with Hannah Bronfman (left) and
Fashion Director Tonne Goodman (right).
Almost 9 o'clock; too late to stop by Eli's to pick up something for din, I decided to try upscale takeout at EAT. Chicken Salad, Steamed Broccoli and Garlic, Potato Salad (I had the tomats at home). Fashion's Lights Out.
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text:
Price, who hails from Berkeley Heights, N.J., was named an All-American in all three events that she participated in over the weekend.
She opened up the weekend with a 13th place finish in the 50 freestyle after touching the wall in a time of 24.21.
The following day in the 100 breaststroke, Price qualified for the finals with a time of 1:04.44 after the preliminary swim. The junior responded in the finals with a time of 1:03.88, good enough for third place in the country.
In her final event, the 200 breaststroke, Price entered the finals as the top seed after she clocked in a time 2:17.74. In the finals, Price touched in 2:18.54, good enough for third place, en route to her third All-American honor.


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text:
My boyfriend took his Christmas tree down today. Yeah, no joke, today. As in the last day of February. He told me on the phone this afternoon, quite casually in fact. Our conversation went something like this.
A: "Oh just doing a little cleaning… took down the tree, caught up on laundry… you know, boring house stuff."
Me: "I'm sorry sweetie I'm not following you. You took down the tree? I didn't know you had any yard work…"
A: "No the Christmas tree. I boxed it back up."
Me: "You took down your Christmas tree today!? You must be joking."
A: "Yeah, well I really like Christmas. You know that."
Me: "Do you remember, we put it up in early November so your parents would see it when they visited for Thanksgiving? That was almost 4 months ago! Sweetie, that is almost 1/3 of the year! You had a Christmas tree up for 1/3 of the YEAR!!"
Then I proceeded to laugh myself to death and pee my pants a little.
All in all it really got me thinking about time. Time really is a funny thing. When we are younger time drags on and on. I remember transitioning from kindergarten… to first grade… to second grade.. each year seemed like a life time. Even in high school, freshman year to senior year felt like 10 years to me! Maybe it's because in my limited scope so much happened in those precious years. But nowadays time is a flying. Sometimes I feel like A and I just started dating… in actuality it will be a year this summer. Sometimes I feel like I just graduated high school. In actuality my 10 year reunion is right around the corner. Sometimes I feel like I am still a "kid" trying to figure my life out. In actuality I'll be 27 in two weeks… not so much a kid anymore to be frank with myself. Holy cow things are flying by fast. I feel like I am gracefully accepting the whole aging thing but there are days when I want to go back to pigtails and playgrounds.
I think this is a pretty cool poem about the value of time.
To realize the value of one year, ask a student who has failed a final exam. To realize the value of one month, ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby.
To realize the value of one week, ask an editor of a weekly newspaper.
To realize the value of one hour, ask the lovers who are waiting to meet.
To realize the value of one minute, ask the person who has missed the train, bus or plane.
To realize the value of one second, ask a person who has survived an accident.
To realize the value of one millisecond, ask the person who has won a silver medal in the Olympics.
Time waits for no one.
Author Unknown
More than anything, time is precious. Savor it. Appreciate it. Love it. Learn from it.
Here's to a new week–filled with playfulness, pigtails (you can still rock them beautiful), lotsa love and of course, lotsa veggies ~*~


text:
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I first set up a PayPal account when I set up an eBay account back in 2001. I was dubious at first as I didn''t like the idea of inputting all of my credit card details into a third party website (I was also new to the whole internet thing back then!) I remember my first couple of purchases on eBay I had posted cheques to the seller, but when one said they wouldn''t accept cheque, only PayPal, I was forced to set up a PayPal account. I think the site is great. A safe and reliable way to send and receive funds, everything is safe and everyone is happy. If you sell something on eBay, when the purchaser pays you via PayPal it hits your account immediately meaning that it is a very quick and easy site to use. Once you have linked your bank account to your PayPal account, withdrawing your funds is a breeze. A couple of clicks of the mouse and your funds are in your bank account instantly, ready for you to withdraw (it is with my bank anyway) I also have the PayPal app on my smart phone and this too is easy to see. I get an instant message flash up on my screen and I know that I am about ten seconds away from being able to have cash in my hand!! (As long as I am near a cash machine lol) There are a lot of websites out there that enable you to earn a few extra pounds here and there and one of the things they have in common is that they all offer payment by PayPal. So if like me you just love doing bits and pieces to earn a little beer money, a PayPal account is a must! Well don''t PayPal - keep up the good work.
I've used paypal for over ten years now. I love them because they're a very secure site. I guess that is very important versus a company where you can't trust. If you can't trust a company that you're going to send or receive a large sum of money then its no good. I really trusted them and have never had any trusting issues so I would recommend them over other services due to trust and security and the fact that the world uses them. If the world trusted them so they must be good. If a service is bad, it will be all over the net. I have used them when I was selling on Ebay and they had never had any trust issues with me. All of my payments were received and I was able to withdraw them so I like that part. I still have an account with them right now and its just going fine. I have never had any issues with paypal so this is why I think others can trust them too. However because they're strict, you should watch out or else they can freeze your account and hold up your money for six months. You will be frustrated. They have bots that pick up if you change your info. too often and they need a lot of IDs if you do run into problems so remember those things.
***Warning- Epic Novel Ahead***
I have been using PayPal for numerous occasions from donating money to special causes to being paid for work I have done for someone overseas in American. It is a fantastic website and the service they provide is the best on the web. The main reason I use Paypal is because I receive and send money on eBay for things I've sold and bought and it's made eBay such an pleasant experience that some get addicted to eBay and I've got to say I have been on the verge myself. However sometimes people disagree on eBay because of the produce they have received and want a refund, the problem there is the seller is 60% of the time reluctant to give you a refund or simply refuses. Here is my experience with PayPal's Claims and Disputes procedure.
---The Story---
I don't want to bore you with the details, but basically I bought a Xbox 360 console on eBay which had the Red Ring Of Death (broken down), I was fully aware of this fact and I was sure (and was right) that I could fix the console, but that wasn't the main thing that attracted me, it was the fact that for the price tag of only £65, I not only got a console I could easily mend, but also 28 Xbox 360 games, now any Xbox 360 gamer or in fact anyone who knows anything about technology would agree that 28 Xbox 360 games of any kind are worth more than £65, so I jumped at the chance, although I knew it was too good to be true, and how I was right.
After a week of waiting I finally received the long awaited package and got my knife and sliced open the packaging tape and to my surprise, I found a bubble rapped package with about 15 disks and about 10 cases of poorly packaged and replicated Xbox 360 cases and games. They were counterfeit, fake, replicas, copies, whatever you call them; they were not genuine Xbox 360 games, now that just drops the price of the package to £20 - £30, I fact I wouldn't have bought it. I know your probably thinking, well it was too good to be true, what you expect, I expected a really fantastic bargain.
Of course after carefully reading the sellers descriptions, which has more mistakes than a Reception Class Shakespeare's Poetry Essay, I decided to contact the seller, of course I was a little distressed about the whole ordeal, but maintained myself from writing anything that the seller would later use against me. The seller, I later realised was either a 12 year old child or a very stupid adult (my money on child), was highly unhelpful, said that he did stat they were "copies", but what he really said could have been interrupted differently by anyone, "Included 28 games copies", since replica games are not allowed to be sold on eBay, I though he meant 28 games, but some are the same as others, hence copies of the same title.
---My Attempts to Resolve With Seller (As Recommended By eBay & PayPal)---
I attempted to reason with the seller, saying I only want a partial refund as I don't want to send back the console as it will cost about £10 to do so out of my own wallet, the seller simply gave me 1 line answers saying, not his fault, "take it up with eBay". After about a week or so of back and further as the seller only replied once a day, quite annoying, so not a hope in hell would I be able to solve this dispute with this person.
---Dealing with PayPal Saga---
I have has previous experience with a PayPal dispute before, a seller sold me a broken item, refused to give me a refund, I disputed and it was solved within a week, I sent it back got my money, fantastic. Although it was a similar case here it took a little longer, and it is probably one of the more complicated cases PayPal can do, so if I lived to write this article/review, it's not all bad. I opened the dispute after talking to the seller, who was probably trying to be as uncooperative as possible. Paypal responded quickly, asked for the seller point of view in this situation, which the seller gave, after about a day Paypal came back to me and said they would like some proof of counterfeit, now this is where my problem started, I didn't know what they meant, so I had to call them up and ask.
---Phoning PayPal---
PayPal has to have one of the best telephone customer services I have ever dealt with, although you do have to deal with an automated machine, which asks you for the customer ID number the website gives you when you select the option to call and can take a few minutes to get you to a real person, but if your desperate, just use some tricks like swearing at it, mumbling your speech or saying "Speak to an Agent" constantly. The people are very friendly and are typically English, they recognise you issue and deal with it or transfer you, so it is done quickly. I was able to explain my issue got some good answers and I was on my way in 10 minutes.
---Dealing with PayPal Saga- Continued---
I eventually got the required documents, I basically had to go to a game shop and ask them to type me out a note to say that the games are not genuine, I have a friend who works in HMV who did it for me, I don't know what I would have done if I had to go to a total stranger in a Game shop and ask them, they would probably say no and I would be embarrassed and still requiring the letter/note. The letter basically had to include a company's letter head and location information. This is a little odd, since in cases like mine, it isn't jewellery or something that has special shops what would do such a request for you, it can be difficult to obtain the information, especially as I was only given 3 days. I scanned the document and sent it to PayPal. They didn't replay for 2 weeks, which got a little annoying so I decided to call them again (I forgot to mention that it's an 0870 number, but I got these calls free from the BT package), I once again experienced their fantastic customer service and I was asked to send another document, which I had to print off and sign saying I destroyed the counterfeit games, I printed and signed. It is quite odd, as PayPal asked me to fax the document, however it could have easily been scanned and sent, which I did and it was fine.
After a few hours wait, Paypal said that the case was granted in my favour and I get my refund, which I was ecstatic about since I have been running around and waiting for almost a month. Unfortunately the seller only had £5.60 in their account and I was given that, Paypal said they will get the rest from the seller eventually, and to this day about a week after the issued refund.
The seller even contacted me saying when I will send back the games from the refund, since PayPal didn't say anything about sending back the console or the rubble that is the games; I decided to tell the seller just that. I bet now he wishes he gave me my refund when he had the chance instead of his account been frozen.
Basically PayPal has been fantastic, and this is for anyone faced with a refund issue similar to mine, I advise you to talk to PayPal, they are very helpful and will eventually get you your money. Also it is worth giving them a call, although it is premium charge for the 0870 number, it is worth it.
Thanks for reading and hope anyone luck who is faced with a similar situation.
I first started using Paypal some 8 years ago, predominantly to link it to my Ebay account which I was at the time selling a lot through. It was therefore a very important tool to receive payments instantly.
I have used it fairly regularly since then with mixed reviews.
The site has fairly recently been redesigned and is slick and very easy to use, it's easy to withdraw funds to a bank account I have saved and the process is quick and these days free.
The fees on receiving payments are acceptable and inline with competitors and something you just accept for the convenience of the service.
Downsides are security of late, this may now be resolved but until last year there seemed to be a few problems regarding hacked accounts, my own was one of these and a number of payments to unknown companies were made. I contacted Paypal and they fairly promptly resolved the issue and the funds stolen were returned. I am using it currently for one or two transactions but not quite the extent I was before as I am just a bit unsure about its security.
I have used well over 10 different payment processing sites over the course of my internet use and none of them can compare to the ease of use and security that PayPal provides to its customers.
PayPal payments are accepted worldwide in over 25 different currencies by millions of customers each and every day. More and more I am seeing that online merchants are using PayPal as a way to make purchases, which is making PayPal even more enticing to use as time goes on.
The fact that PayPal is so widely accepted is indeed their strong point as it makes life so much easier and convenient when you can have one account to pay for everything online. You can load however many credit cards and bank accounts onto your account to transfer money in and out and never have to worry about internet fraud again.
I purchase pretty much everything online so one reason why I especially enjoy PayPal is because they always err on the side of the consumer when a questionable transaction or dispute comes about. When making purchases and payments online, there are times when you may want to purchase something but are wary of the site in question and so in those instances I will always use PayPal because I know that if the company doesn't fulfill its promise I will get my money back and not have to worry about my credit card or banking information going into the wrong hands.
While their fees are slightly higher than some other payment processors out there, they are still very reasonable and the security and ease of working with them make those extra dollars and cents worth it.
If you are looking to shop online and don't have a PayPal account, you are truly missing out as I believe it is the safest and easiest way to shop online.
I find paypal very useful and easy to use, I sell cds on sites such as discogs and have to organise payments with the buyer rather than the site doing it and I allways ask them to pay via paypal, they send the money to you which comes straight out of their bank account if they have linked it to their paypal account, you then get an email saying you have recieved funds, the money that they have sent you goes into your paypal account immediatley which I think is the best part of this service, you can keep the money in your paypal account which you can use to pay for things or you can send it to your bank account which might take about three days to clear. One thing I forgot to mention is that the buyer only needs your email adress that is registered with poypal to be able to pay you so you dont have to give out any bank details, I find this whole process very simple and would highly recomend it, it is also alot safer than a bank transfer because you dont have to give out your details.
I have been using PayPal for years now, and before today would have recommended it to anyone. But now, unfortunately I am not a fan of the site - and rather frustrated that I need to use it as I know no other way to transfer my money from the US to the UK. I tried to transfer money a day ago - I've done this every month for over a year with no issues - and was told my payment was under review and would be available in my account in 24 hours. Well I checked back today and it wasn't. I tried to look at the details of the transaction, and there was no helpful information. I tried looking at other possible solutions, and found nothing. I then saw the option to refund the payment. I clicked on what that meant, and it explained how the whole amount would be refunded - that PayPal would graciously refund the massive fee that they took from me. But there was no mention as far as I am aware of how long it would take. I then refunded the payment and was informed that it would take a WEEK to process! I proceeded to send an e-mail - which would take 24-72 hours to get a response, and called them - which I was reluctant to do as I get charged for the call. The guy was not very helpful, and had a very annoying voice. I felt as though he was just reading a script because whenever I asked a question he would just respond by saying "Well just let me explain to you the process so you can understand...." Which I found very condescending. He then basically informed me that it was my fault because I should have called first - and get charged! - because now there is no way to stop the refund. And they might have been able to do something before that.
I just warn you to make sure you are consistent with the payment option you choose. I have been doing this for years and figure they were all the same time wise, and they are NOT. I am not very impressed with the service, and mainly the website, as it is very confusing and not a lot of substance to the "answers" to questions/queries, which is what led me astray.
Paypal is a great way to be able to shop online and securely pay for the items you choose to purchase. You can enter card details into a paypal account (that is free to set up) and then you can purchase your items. The card details can be entered every time or you can store them in your password protected account and not have to worry about entering it next time.
Lots of websites accept paypal as a method of paying including amazon and ebay.
With websites such as amazon and ebay, having the security of paypal behind you gives you that little extra bit of confidence to purchase the products you want. Also the money transfers quickly to the person you are paying and is marked from your account instantly so you know you cannot spend that money. It is then actually taken from the account within a couple of business days which makes it easier for you to balance your accounts online of on a paper statement.
I really like using paypal to purchase products online and love the fact that you can sign up for an account free of charge online. It is quick and easy to do and only has to be done once. After that, you only have put in your username and password and you are good to go and purchase your items. Just make sure that your password is secure enough so that people can't guess it and access your account details.
Have fun shopping securely online with paypal.
I have been using PayPal for around 2-3 years now, pretty much ever since I started making money online. That online money making journey began with eBay, and since eBay owns PayPal it's only natural that I would create a PayPal account when making an eBay one. At first, I was in love with PayPal and truly believed it was the best way to transfer money online, a complete fanatic of the website really. Today, I still believe it's the safest way to transfer money online, but I no longer think it's the perfect website I thought it was when I first started using it.
As I said above, PayPal truly is the safest way to exchange money over the internet. As the internet continues to grow, so do the large amount of scams that take place on it. Of course many people have still been screwed over using PayPal, but it weeds out a lot of the major scams. Unfortunately though, the safety that comes along with PayPal comes at a cost. This brings me to my next point which is..
PayPal has become very well known for its greedy fees, and for good reason too. If you ever send any amount of money, unless it is sent as a "gift", it is considered applicable for PayPal to slap a fee onto it, which means if you're the sender of the money you may have to send MORE money to cover for the fees, or if you are the receiver of the money it means you will be getting LESS. All in all it means that both parties lose out.
Over the years many people have tried to squeeze their way out of fees by simply exchanging all money through gifts. While this has proven to be at least somewhat successful, it only works with small amounts of money (of which the fees would likely only be a penny or two anyway.) If you try to send a large payment, say, a couple hundred pounds as a gift, it's going to look a bit suspicious. After all, it's not often that you just decide to send your niece enough money for a new TV without any sort of "Happy birthday" message. If you are caught committing fraud with using gift mode to avoid fees, all sorts of hell can be raised by PayPal onto your account.
|.:|~Customer Support~|:.|
I have only ever contacted PayPal customer support on one occasion. I had gotten scammed online, bought something and never received it. It was supposed to be a digital item, an ebook actually. There was also a buddy of mine that purchased the same thing. We both opened up disputes with PayPal, and told them our side of the story. The scammer lied to PayPal support and simply stated that he had no idea what we were talking about and that WE were trying to scam HIM. PayPal let it go and both me and buddy were out the money. It wasn't much, only a couple of pounds, but still, isn't it the little acts of kindness by customer support that helps us judge a company most of the time?
|.:|~Holding Balance~|:.|
This is another thing that really frustrates me with PayPal. After someone purchases your item on eBay and they pay you, PayPal keeps your money in a holding balance for approximately 20 days. It's very annoying if you're like me and try to make monthly deposits from PayPal into your bank account, as the money in the holding balance is essentially worth nothing for those 20 days, it can't be used for anything. I realize eBay wants to prevent scamming on their website at all costs, and I am glad they are making an effort to do so, really I am, but you would think they could come up with a way that doesn't hurt the users so much (heck, maybe they could work with the customer support, we already know that could help.)
You're probably thinking that with all of the stuff I have said that frustrates me with PayPal that I would give them a poor rating, however, I'm still going to go with the 4-star rating. And that's all because of the first thing I mentioned. Safety should always come first when exchanging currency over the internet, and despite some of the shortcomings that PayPal does have, I will give them credit for valuing safety over pretty much everything else.
If you've read some of the things in this review and decided against PayPal, or you are simply sick of some of the annoying aspects of it, there are some alternatives to it that are starting to gain momentum. The closest alternative is AlertPay, and coming in at a close third is Liberty Reserve. Both have millions of active members, many of which swear they are better than PayPal. Personally I still feel that PayPal is the most secure of all of them, but if you want something a bit different with some members that swear by their payment processors service, then I would completely understand your reasoning.
For those that do not know, paypal.com is a way to transfer money online from other paypal accounts, or through bank accounts. I recently created a paypal account so I could receive money from a few sites that only payed in paypal and was delighted to see that it was exactly like regular cash. However I started researching on other methods and although paypal might be most popular, there are other ways out there.
First the pros and cons of paypal:
Pros: Using paypal is definitely an easy method. Transferring money is as simple as directing which paypal account you would like to send to as email accounts are the login names. Then there are options to choose from such as sending the money as a gift or for charging someone. What is nice initially is that you do not need to have a bank account or anything to have a paypal account. However there are limitations until you do get verified with a bank account. Another plus was I could use paypal to go shopping online since many places have options to buy using paypal or I could try certain sites that sell gift cards for paypal money (watch for future reviews if I can for these great sites).
Cons: There are huge limitations on paypal if you are looking to transfer money in larger quantities. The only way to lift these limitations is by verifying with a bank account which can be scary for some and is definitely for me! Not only that, but there are also fees associated with transferring online. It is not always free as cash is. The security so far seems to be protective but I have also heard stories of hacking (however regular bank accounts get hacked too).
Other Methods?
I searched online to find other sites that do exactly like paypal but even easier! I found a site called Alertpay that is definitely easier to verify having only needing a phone number and one other verification method such as a check number. Another I was looking into was Western Union which directly can even send money to THOUSANDS of locations in grocery shops and etc. that give you direct cash!
Overall, I would suggest getting a paypal for small transactions but make sure you have the ability to spend the money whether by attaching it to a bank account or the sites that you can spend paypal money on.
Yet Another Paypal Scam???
Be aware you poor buyers thinking you can trust Paypal to cover you.
They changed the rules a while ago so you are covered (supposedly) for items that are too large to post. Great news??? - WRONG!
We bought a dishwasher form someone a few miles away - nearly new, six months guarantee etc. Guess what, broken and no guarantee. We filed a case, won our case, returned the item, hey presto the guy threatens to hit me, gets abusive in front of my partner and 5 year old, there is no way I can take the dishwasher away - and he refuses to sign to say he got it back - so he wins twice, he gets the money, all £200 and the goods. I took photos, and even a video of him threatening me and sticking a finger up.
Paypal's response ...We'll ask him if he got the machine back, if he says yes than you can have your money. Photos are not evidence.
Ok I could have used a tracking delivery system, TNT wanted £165.00 to move this machine 10 miles! This is my cost. This is not buyer protection. If you have been ripped off an a large item then the fraudster needs to pay the return cost otherwise they have won.
Paypal are so busy telling us how safe and secure they are, that they don't bother to tell us that the contract is full of loopholes. The woman on the phone even said " well there is always small print in any contract you know"
One more buyer walking away form Ebay and Paypal
I think there is probably a class action we could bring against Paypal for misrepresentation and even unfair contract, but as they know full well, who is going to take this on? So I use my other consumer right - tell the story all over the internet let people know there are 100 ways Paypal will con you.
Paypal Scam - Paypal loopholes - Paypal rip-off - Paypal review of service
Paypal is a safe, easy way to send and recieve money over the internet keeping your bank details hidden from the third party. This is what Paypal and Ebay claim anyway. Since Ebay own and operate Paypal they take every oppertunity to push the service almost forcing it on you as the preffered method of payment on the hugely popular aucton site.
It does keep your bank account details hidden. - Your account details are known to Paypal who can withdraw funds directly from your account should your Paypal balace not be enough to cover any transactions.
It is also very secure - a lot of effort has been put into verifying your identity and keeping your details safe, a password entry to the site is your first line of security. They will also credit your account with a penny and ask you to verify the transaction no. to ensure you have full access to a valid account. Another security step is they will take your phone number and an automated dialer will phone you with a pin no. which you must recite back again to help verify you are the account holder.
These measures are the most comprehensive I've seen online and should ensure a secure environment for your online transactions.
It is quick and easy - After making a purchase you can have it paid for straight away and hopefully have your purchase winging it's way to you without delay. You can pay for goods or services or even send money as a gift to someone instantly
Paypal claim that you have no risk making a purchase since they will reimburse you in the event that a seller takes your money but does not deliver any goods. This is not strictly true, they will instantly reverse any charges they have taken off you and try to reverse whatever funds have gone into the sellers account however if they have no funds in their paypal account and they sever their bank account from their Paypal account then you will not get your money back. Paypal will open a dispute and a claim but they have no way of reimbursing you from the seller and they will not cover this loss to you themselves so don't fall for believing your transaction is totally safe - you can still get seen off. This happened to me once, fortunatley only for £18 but the outcome would have been the same if the amount had been more, I never saw it again and all Paypal do is leave a dispute open for years because the seller did not have any funds in his Paypal account, he withdrew eveything to his bank account then withdrew it all and closed it leaving Paypal with no means to claw it back. From what I can gather a lot of people lost similar amounts to this seller.
Personally I have a small debit account purely for online purchases which I use that only ever has a couple of hunded pounds in it at any time. I figure if anyone gets hold of my details all I will lose is £200 max.
Backing the Paypal account up with a credit card would protect you if you are seen off as it becomes the credit card companies responibility but do you risk someone getting hold of your credit card details, I'd rather not.
Customer support always there if you need it - Live help is available online with minimal delay, telephone help is also there but a spell on hold is a possibility.
Also be aware costs can add up - You are charged for everything, you have to pay a nominal amount for every transaction you make, especially if you are going through Ebay, you have to pay listing fees, relisting, selling total fees, if you are sending money the receiver has to lose a small percentage unless you send it as a gift in which case you cover the costs.
In summary Payal is a handy way to pay for goods and services if you can live with the charges and efforts have been made with security but it's not as foolproof as they would have you believe and there is still the possibility you could be seen off despite claims to the contrary.
I have had an account with PayPal for a number of years but have only really used it recently to start paying for things on eBay and accepting survey payments from the sites I'm on. I can actually tell you, first hand, that their security is 100% effective - it nearly cost me my own account!
There are 3 types of accounts. I myself have only ever used the free one, for obvious reasons, but there are two other accounts you can use that you possibly have to pay for. If you're selling then you'd probably need one of the other accounts, but it is best to have a look at them all before you decide.
I first joined up when I was a bit younger, just buying the odd thing off eBay and having to pay via PayPal, not really by choice but it was a new thing to sign up for and sign up to anything! I really don't remember how that initial process went, and they've changed everything since then anyway, so I'll skip forward 4 or 5 years to my experience a few months ago.
I decided to start up my original PayPal because I joined a couple survey sites and they paid out via that. The minimum payments were going to take a while from these first survey sites, and I knew I'd be going to eBay soon enough, but I had plenty of time to sort things out.
Or so I thought.
In September I was informed that my account was locked because 'someone' (I later found out 'I') had tried to access it with all the wrong details. Odd, because I didn't get told about this via email or anything else. So I investigated, and it turned out it was actually me who'd locked myself out - the card I had registered to the account was so old, so out of date and so totally expired, that I hadn't a clue what the numbers were in order to verify it was me logging in! My account was useless! After a LOT of digging at my mum's house, I managed to find my 6 year old bank card - probably one of the first bank cards I ever had, and I still had it! THIS was the account registered with eBay, and was the only way I could get in - they offered no alternative whatsoever, not even the option to email them or ring them up to verify myself, I had to find this card that anyone else would have thrown away years ago!
So, very very luckily, I found my old card. After that it was easy enough; fill in my details, make sure everything matched, change my account numbers!! The verification process took longer than expected - it's meant to take 2 to 3 days, but as I sorted my account on a Friday and Halifax don't like to do anything with banks on weekends, or Bank Holidays, it actually took 7 days - but pretty soon I had all limitations lifted and I could PayPal again.
Since then I've had no problems; payments have been verified via email, appeared in my PayPal within 24 hours, if not 2, and withdrawing money into my bank account couldn't be easier. I also like the £6 minimum withdrawal; it means I know I have to do a lot of work to gain the money into my account! It also seems fairer than some letting you withdraw a minimum of £1, and allows you to collect money in your PayPal for things like eBay etc, or just collect it for a big payout - it doesn't go anywhere.
I've been using it regularly for my survey sites for a couple months now, and the set-up was the only problem I had. Of course, I only have some experience with the one that allows you to pay for goods and withdraw any money deposited; there are other accounts you can get via PayPal, some with charges, and some with more benefits than this simple one. I'm happy with my account, albeit if I ever lose my card again or close that bank account and forget the numbers I don't think I'd be very happy - you're warned!!
Once Upon a time when Ebay was small and Paypal was a new online independant tool for making payments or sending money to friends life was simple.That was back in 1998/9 when I first started an account on Ebay and needed a safe way to make and receive payment other than taking dodgey US$ Western union Drafts,bank to bank transfers and rubber UK cheques,BOING!
I was possibly one of the first UK citizens to get a Paypal account,tough proving who I was back then as there was no UK branch,just Paypal USA.I had to fax over passport details several times,household bills to prove address and countless phone calls long distance to the "Great US of A".
Its much more simple now to get registered but Ebay have control,they have owned Paypal for some years now and promptly put up their "Fees".Ebay get a big chunk out of the sellers and they just keep on charging and charging,nothings ever free.
Paypal protection,well this works most of the time.First as a seller make sure goods are sent recorded signed for TO THE BUYERS ADDRESS REGISTERED ON PAYPAL ONLY!! so you can track your parcel and most important get a signature the other end.Be careful as some delivery options even with tracking will not count for protection,it must be signed for.Buyers should demand the same,recorded signed for,otherwise its your own risk.Seller could send any old rubbish and if it gets lost by the post office you wish you had paid the few pence extra!
Next if the goods received are "not as significantly described in the listing" the buyer has every right to return the goods but buyer can only get back cost of item and not extra return costs,ok thats fine.
However some dishonest "buyers" may use this system to scam sellers.Goods are not returned,just a parcel is returned that the poor seller signs for "proving"to Paypal item was returned.Now the arguments start and Paypal makes a ruling depending on cooperation from both sides,emails sent,past deals,feedback etc,all very messy.This could go either way,seller has lost costs of delivery at best and worst loses the item too and gets a warning!
No system is perfect and is heavily reliant on both sides being honest.I know of people buying stuff and claiming they never received it again and again,same guy tried this with me twice.He forgot me but I remebered him!Paypal will only help if the rules have been followed,you have been warned!
To avoid trouble for buyers is easy,just look at sellers feedback,a rating in the thousands is best with 100% positive feedback,great.If they have been members a very short time with no rating just take extra care,remember if what they are selling is too good to be true then avoid.
Trouble is sellers are not treated equally,with no chance to leave negative feedback if they are scammed by a dishonest buyer the system will surely breakdown.You can only set sellers preferences to block buyers with a negative rating of -1 or worse,unfortunately this allows scammers with a zero or low rating to bid,shame.You can be selective and sell in the UK only,less trouble maybe but not good for business.
Fortunately most of the time Paypal works fine for buyers,just be aware of the rules and you will not get caught.
I hope this review has been useful and I appreciate your rating,many thanks.I have more reviews on Ciao and Dooyoo website,thanks fo looking!
As I've written a review on both buying and selling on ebay; both of which require you to hold a PayPal account, this review will provide an overview of PayPal.
What is PayPal?
It is a safe, secure online payment method and is available free of charge to anyone who has an email account. You can link your debit or credit card to your PayPal account and have the assurance that your information is kept confidential at all times. PayPal never share any of your information with sellers or retailers, so you can be sure your personal and financial details are safe at all times.
Why would I need a PayPal account?
The majority of sellers on ebay will only accept payment by PayPal as it is a quick and safe way of sending and receiving money.
Many online stores such as Boots, Past Times, Diesel and ASOS accept PayPal and the beauty is that you don't have to keep inputting your credit or debit card details each time you wish to make a purchase. If you look at the PayPal website, you will see the hundreds upon hundreds of retailers who will accept payment via PayPal.
There is a list of retailers on the PayPal website where you can obtain cash back if you make a purchase via PayPal. This is then subsequently, credited to your PayPal account. However, I've never purchased from any sites other than ebay, so cannot personally comment on how the cash back process operates.
How do I create a PayPal account?
It is so simple and as previously stated, you firstly need an email account. You need to choose a memorable password and decide what card you wish to link to the account. I opted for my bank account and whilst I was initially a little dubious in doing this, I have never experienced any problems and feel totally confident that my financial information is totally secure.
Once you have set up your account, you will receive an email from PayPal who will advise that they need to be certain that you are who you say you are. Consequently, within a few days you will receive a small credit to the account that you linked.
Whilst I opened my account a couple of years ago, I can recall I received something in the region of 3p. A few days later you will receive another small credit, such as 2p and you will then receive an email from PayPal requesting you confirm the amounts that were credited to your chosen account.
Once you have confirmed these details your PayPal account is active and available to you for your first purchase.
What benefit is there in linking my bank card or credit card?
There are huge benefits, as the retailers will not be able to see any of your bank details. If I make a purchase from somewhere such as ebay, I click on the PayPal purchase link which will automatically take me to my PayPal account. As I rarely keep any money in my PayPal account unless I've been selling on ebay, the money is then automatically transferred to the seller from my bank account via my PayPal account.
Also, any money you have in your PayPal account can be transferred to your chosen linked card. For example, when I've sold something on ebay, naturally I want to be able to access my money as quickly as possible, so I request the "withdraw money" option and input the amount I require to be transferred to my linked account. You should be aware that the minimum withdrawal amount is £6 and it takes only 3 working days for the money to be transferred into your chosen account.
As your account details are already held securely at PayPal, the withdrawal process takes just a few minutes and is very simple with easy to follow online instructions.
What if I don't receive the items I have purchased via my PayPal account?
All purchases via PayPal are guaranteed should you encounter any problems. In the past, I've experienced a few problems with some rather dishonest sellers on ebay who did not provide the goods for which I had paid. After a set period of time (I think it's two to three weeks), I had to file a dispute against the seller in PayPal and request a full refund. Prior to following this course of action, you should have made an attempt to contact the seller direct, as it could be a simple problem, such as items going missing in Royal Mail.
In total out of approximately 400 purchases, I have only had to file a dispute on four occasions; all of which were promptly refunded by PayPal within a couple of weeks.
Had I paid the sellers directly from my bank account I would not have been entitled to receive a fast refund for any of these purchases. I could have made a claim against the seller via ebay, but this is a very drawn out complicated process and not necessarily guaranteed to refund my money.
Are there any charges involved for sending or receiving money?
Whilst there is no charge to send money, PayPal will charge you a small percentage for receiving money. You can send money to anyone in the world provided they have an email account.
Should you use your credit or debit card to carry out the same function, your bank will charge you a fee, so it's extremely beneficial to have a PayPal account.
To receive money involves a charge and as this differs dependant on the amount of cash involved, it is impossible for me to provide you with exact figures. However, to give you an idea I would advise that when I sold some DVD's on ebay at approximately £3 each, PayPal charged me 30p per sale. However, when I sold an item for £100, PayPal charged me £6.00, so the fees tend to alternate.
Whilst I have never used this facility, you can use your mobile phone to send or receive money, which is obviously fantastic for those people who are regularly on the go!
As PayPal is such a convenient way of sending and receiving money it receives 5 out of 5 dooyoo stars from me.
I hope this brief overview assists you in understanding the PayPal process and I would thank you for reading.


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For most families, Halloween is a holiday all about sugary treats, costumes and fun.
Other parents feel compelled to hold their kids back from trick-or-treating.
The religious affiliation of many of these families conflict with Halloween, which in its inception, was a pagan holiday.
Halloween, known in ancient times as Samhain, was originally a Celtic harvest festival that may date back as far as 2,000 years. The people of rural Ireland would light bonfires to ward off evil spirits, according to History.com.
The tradition of creating Jack-o-lanterns, for instance, came about because of the Irish legend of Stingy Jack, who made a deal with the devil so he could buy a drink.
Wanting to tap into the holiday to attract worshipers of his own, Pope Gregory III in the Eighth Century established All Saints' Day to be observed the day after Samhain. It incorporated many of the same traditions.
The influx of Irish immigrants during the potato famine of the mid-19th century began the popularization of the holiday in the U.S.
The History Channel says the holiday evolved into secular celebration, but for many it is still a pagan holiday.
Bed-Stuy Patch did a poll of their readers in which 19 percent said Americans should not celebrate it because "it has occult origins and morbid overtones."
What do you think? Tell us in the comments section.


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- Black
Canadian Thanksgiving vs. Halloween
Besides the date, there are just some minor differences between Thanksgiving in Canada and the United States.
Ambassadors to Canada
Bruce Heyman will be the 30th U.S. ambassador to Canada -- when the Senate gets around to confirming his nomination, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
- Undecided border battles Peter Black writes how history differs depending on what side you grow up hearing it from.
Canadian reefer madness
One wouldn't call Ottawa the latter-day Haight-Ashbury; nor were the damp past two months akin to the Summer of Love, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
Free the flow of my grapes
There was a time when "Canadian wine" would have been considered an oxymoron in the order of "Florida maple syrup," writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
Back to beach in Quebec City
We've been to Toronto, Canada's largest city, dozens of times, having family there, Canadian columnist Peter Black writes.
Louis Cyr lifted up Quebec
This summer, there's the usual offering of cinema superheroes, what with your men of steel, wolverines, lone rangers and what-not, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
Ben Franklin's Canadian adventure
As if Benjamin Franklin didn't get enough recognition, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
That's 'World War Zed,' in Canada
The release of Brad Pitt's blockbuster zombie apocalypse movie has sparked a frenzy in the English-speaking world, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
Le Chef's field of dreams
There's an apocryphal story that Maurice Duplessis, who ruled Quebec for nearly 20 years (some say with an iron fist), was such an ardent baseball fan that on his dying day in September 1959, he was wondering if his Yankees had won the night before, writes Canadian columnist Peter Black.
- More Black Headlines
- Canadian Thanksgiving vs. Halloween


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William Paul Pim was born in Freeport, Pennsylvania on December 1, 1885. He graduated from the Cabot Institute, studied photo engraving at Bissell College, and also attended the John Huntington Polytechnic Institute. From 1922 - 1931, Pim taught commercial art at Birmingham-Southern College. In 1930, he created drew the syndicated feature cartoons Baby Mine and Telling Tommy and was employed as the cartoonist for the Birmingham News. He also established W. Paul Pim's Advertising Art Studio. Pim passed away in 1950. Original William Paul Pim Autograph, signed on a 3 x 5 inch index card. Regular Price - $ 85.00 / Sale Price - $ 49.95.
Bil Keane was born October 5, 1922. Bil Keane is an American cartoonist best known for his work on the long-running newspaper comic The Family Circus, which began its run in 1960 and continues in syndication. Original Bil Keane Autographed Family Circus Internet Print. Approx. size 8 x 10 inches. Regular Price - $ 95.00 / Sale Price - $ 49.95.


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The Little Dipper Ice Scoop
Item # WX2-117890
- Google+
This item is shipped directly from the factory. To see the expected shipping date, please add to your Shopping Cart. Sorry, no express shipping available. We are unable to ship factory direct items to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico or APO or FPO addresses.
- Details & Specs
The Little Dipper Ice Scoop is a star on the ice!
Built to last, with a solid ash hockey stick handle. And an ultra-tough polymer strainer scoop that's tough enough to chop light ice. Scoop is quart size, handle is ruled to measure ice depth and to slot fish. It floats, too. 20" long.
Get yours at The Sportsman's Guide, headquartered in the North Star State! Order ONLINE Now!
- Reviews
Customer ReviewsNo reviews exist for this item....
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Open heart surgery is any surgery where the chest is opened and surgery is done on the heart muscle, valves, arteries, or other parts of the heart (such as the aorta). The term "open" means that the chest is "cut" open.
The definition of open heart surgery has become confusing because new procedures are being done on the heart through smaller cuts. Some new procedures are being done with the heart still beating.
See also:
A heart-lung machine is usually used during open heart surgery. While the surgeon works on the heart, the machine helps send oxygen-rich blood to the brain and other organs.
You will not need to be on a heart-lung machine for these types of surgery. However, your heart rate will be slowed with medicine or a mechanical device. If there is a problem with these procedures, the surgeon may have to open the chest to do the surgery.
Heart surgery - open
Updated by: Shabir Bhimji, MD, PhD, Specializing in General Surgery, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Midland, TX. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
MedlinePlus Topics
Read More
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2014, A.D.A.M., Inc. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized in writing by ADAM Health Solutions.


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In 1987, after he was exonerated of corruption charges, former Secretary of Labor Raymond Donovan issued the classic plea of the wronged man: "Which office do I go to to get my reputation back?" Whichever office it is, Ahmad Chalabi may want to apply there as well.
The leader of the Iraqi National Congress has been the most unfairly maligned man on the planet in recent years. If you believe what you read, Chalabi is a con man, a crook and, depending on which day of the week it is, either an American or Iranian stooge.


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Monterey Country Club
Monterey Country Club's 27-hole championship course is nestled on 375 acres of rolling hills with spectacular views of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Set against a rugged desert terrain, all three nines feature narrow, palm tree-lined fairways and well-bunkered greens with water coming into play on several holes. In addition to great golf, you can also workout in our fitness facility, relax by the pool or serve up a game of tennis.
· Driving Range: Full driving range with short game practice area and putting green · Fitness Facility: Offers Cybex weight machines and cardiovascular equipment · Instruction: PGA teaching professionals onsite · Locker Room: Recently remodeled men's and ladies'locker rooms · Pro Shop: Special member pricing · Restaurant: Dining room and banquet facilities · Swimming Pool: Junior Olympic-size, open year-round with access to Patio Grill · Tennis Courts: 19 courts, 10 lit for evening play, sunken championship court and tennis clubhouse · Cart Rental: · Clubhouse: · Rental Clubs: · Snack Bar:
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Are You a Member at Monterey Country Club?Login for the latest news and information at your club.
No matter the size of your business, American Golf offers a number of easy to implement advertising opportunities online and at course properties that produce results. Learn more today.
As a Golfzing member, you'll access member-only perks including discounted tee times, the opportunity to play premier country clubs, a community dedicated to golfers and more! Join for FREE today!
Get your message out to the customers searching for your services. We offer a number of cost effective and easy-to-implement options. Contact us today to learn more about current opportunities.


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T-2 seconds, and blast-off.
Yet another year, already another time.
If there's one thing we can expect out of 2012, it's craziness. Now, I do understand how broad that statement is, so allow me to elucidate.
We have a lot to look forward to this upcoming year: the Summer Olympics, held in the exquisite city of London; the possible election of Ron Paul, a congressman who believes three is the magic number [in terms of the number of presidential runs]; and the Mayan thing. About that.
Upon Jan. 1, 2012, we will be T-355 days from the Mayan Doomsday. To optimists, that means 355 more days of sunshine and green grass. To pessimists, that means 10 less days of 2012. To realists, that means nothing at all.
Rest assured, ladies and gentlemen, there is not a lot to it. But it's not only the intrinsic aspect, per se. This has the potential of causing global stock market crashes, resurgence in hippie movements, and the all too familiar return of "Your Neighborhood Prophet," Harold Camping. Thousands might splurge via credit card prior to Doomsday and create huge credit card debt. Juveniles might skip school, losing precious minutes of their heavily valued education. CNN might take a day off.
We aren't strangers to this sort of superstition. Almost a dozen years ago we were fretting over Y2K, terrified by the aligning of the New Millennium. Six years ago we dreaded June 6, 2006, having a faint recollection of the "Mark of the Beast."
The funny thing is, people don't realize how good of a marketing opportunity these crises offer. World Wrestling Federation took advantage of the Y2K debacle and introduced their new headline superstar "Y2J." Played by Chris Jericho, Y2J lived out a successful career as a professional wrestler. John Moore released "The Omen" on 6/6/2006, tying in the "Mark of the Beast" theme to the fortunate date and grossing nearly $120 million worldwide. Also, worthy of mention is the 2012 movie directed by Roland Emmerich.
It seems all too familiar. In addition to the seasonal holidays we have (Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas, etc) that provide a surge in market sales, pushing profits into the black, we now have occasional days hyped up by the media. How else do you explain a certain conquistador's finding transforming into a global phenomenon?
All in all, it may be too late for speculation. The year 2012 has arrived and with it, all its distinct perks and challenges. As we wave goodbye to yesteryear, we greet the wonders of tomorrow, and live the moment of today. Whether or not life will end this year is up in the air, but it's in our best interest to make sure it lasts. Happy New Year everyone.


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Ground will break Aug. 15 on the Pico Library at its new home at .
The $11.43-million library, consisting of two buildings and an outdoor amphitheater, will rise next to the Thelma Terry Building. Doors are anticipated to open in the spring of 2014.
A groundbreaking ceremony to officially kick off the construction of the Santa Monica Public Library network's newest branch is scheduled for 1-2 p.m. Aug. 15 at the park's farmers' market patio, east of the park center building. Light refreshments will be provided.
Planning began four years ago for the new branch, but it's been in demand since the 1980s. Though the nearest branch, Fairview, is less than one mile away in Sunset Park, Pico neighborhood residents had asked for their own facility on the north side of Pico Boulevard, city officials have said.
The Pico branch library was one of a handful of big projects in the pipeline that was to be funded with Santa Monica Redevelopment Agency money. When the agency, along with hundreds of others across California, was dissolved Feb. 1 as a result of a state Supreme Court ruling, the city was left to absorb most of its costs.
The only redevelopment money spent on the project was for the cost of its design, by Koning Eizenberg Architects, at about $900,000, according to project manager Tom Afschar.
An entity separate from city, the redevelopment agency used its own revenue to invest in projects mainly in blighted parts of cities. Projects that weren't already underway by the time the agency got the ax, will now go unfunded or, as is the case with the Pico library, will be paid for out of the city's budget.
In its budgets through 2014, the city has earmarked $9.8 million for the library.
The branch's main facility will include children's, teen adult and popular collections, a children's area, reading areas, public computers, study rooms and computer support services. The annex building will host story times and other programs. An exterior amphitheatre with terraced steps on the annex's south side will connect the library to the park and teen centers.
Stay connected with Santa Monica Patch throughout the day on Facebook and Twitter. Subscribe to our free daily newsletter for email updates.


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Mardi Gras in Colorado?
Mayor Alan Bernholtz celebrates Mardi Gras.
Carnival lovers have formed a "let-your-hair-down" alliance with snowboarders and skiers in Crested Butte.
A Mardi Gras masquerade ball, parties and parades are thrown into a mix of snow sports. Past parades have featured Mayor Alan Bernholtz jumping over fire on his parade float. www.GunnisonCrestedButte.com


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Take the weather with me:
Isolated T-Storms
Becoming partly cloudy with isolated thunderstorms developing during the afternoon. High 84F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 30%.
T-Storms Early
Partly to mostly cloudy skies with scattered thunderstorms before midnight. Low near 60F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 40%.
Courtesy of photos uploader


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Conventional wisdom has it that Bonnaroo has gone from being one of the premier hippie-fests in the Southeast to one of the by-god most prestigious and extravagant music festivals of any sort anywhere in the United States. Bands like Widespread Panic and Dave Matthews Band have ceded their high-profile headlining spots to mainstream A-listers Radiohead, the Police, and Tom Petty, and Rolling Stone named Bonnaroo the best summer fest in the country. Bonnaroo: It's not just for hippies anymore.
But conventional wisdom rarely reveals the whole story. Hard facts—statistics, numbers, Google searches—are what you need to really measure Bonnaroo's evolution from one more stop on the jam-band circuit to an annual pop-culture and media event. What follows is an altogether unscientific examination of the nuts-and-bolts facts and figures about the festival, as well as some utterly useless trivia, in an effort to chart six years—and counting—of Bonnaroo.
Bonnaroo now hosts three times as many bands as it did in 2002; there are five times as many performances scheduled this year than there were at the first Woodstock festival. The line-up has shifted, too, from neo-hippie acts and '60s survivors to younger, hipper performers and big-name headliners. Here's a look at just how much the line-ups for the festival have changed since 2002.
- Number of acts at the first Bonnaroo in 2002: 47
- Number of acts scheduled for Bonnaroo 2008: 156
- Total number of acts that have appeared in the seven-year history of the festival: 589 (1)
- Number of acts at Woodstock: 34 (2)
- Number of acts at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in California in April 2008: 156 (3)
- Number of acts from Coachella 2008 scheduled for Bonnaroo 2008: 18
- Number of acts at Bonnaroo 2002 that have been reviewed on the music website Pitchfork: 9
- Percentage of total: 19.15
- Average rating: 7.3433
- Number of acts scheduled for Bonnaroo 2008 that have been reviewed in Pitchfork: 54
- Percentage of total: 34.62
- Average rating: 6.9375 (4)
- Number of acts at Bonnaroo 2002 officially associated with the Grateful Dead or Phish: 3 (Phil Lesh and Friends, Trey Anastasio, Bela Fleck)
- Percentage of total: 6.382
- Number of acts at Bonnaroo 2008 officially associated with the Grateful Dead or Phish: 2
- Dark Star Orchestra, Phil Lesh and Friends)
- Percentage of total: 1.923
- Total number of albums sold by the biggest-selling headliners between 2002-2007: 138.5 million
- Total number of albums sold by 2008 headliners Pearl Jam and Metallica: 87 million
- Total number of albums sold by Led Zeppelin: 111.5 million (5)
- Number of 2008 acts that have recorded a song about the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: 1
- Metallica, "The Four Horsemen")
- Number of Knoxville acts at the first Bonnaroo: 1 (Gran Torino)
- Number of Knoxville acts in 2003 and 2004: 0
- Most Knoxville acts in one year: 11 (2006)
- Number of Knoxville acts scheduled for Bonnaroo 2008: 5
- Royal Bangs, The American Plague, Erick Baker, Tennessee Schmaltz, and Superdrag) (1)
- Number of results for "Led Zeppelin" + Bonnaroo on Google: 166,000
- The first result for "Led Zeppelin" + Bonnaroo on Google: A Billboard.com report from Dec. 3 on Led Zeppelin's rumored appearance at Bonnaroo
- The second result for "Led Zeppelin" + Bonnaroo on Google: A Billboard.com story from Dec. 4 reporting that Led Zeppelin would not perform at Bonnaroo
Attendance has held steady at 80,000 each year since 2005—the festival has sold out every year, with 70,000 in 2002 and a peak of 90,000 in 2004. Bonnaroo is almost twice as big as the population of Coffee County, and nearly 10 times the size of nearby Manchester. Campers have come from all 50 states, and they do get in some trouble—arrests have increased from 18 in 2002 to 73 last year. It can be dangerous, too; heat, drugs, and booze can lay a whammy on you. And watch out for those tour buses!
- Attendance at the first Bonnaroo in 2002: 70,000
- Expected attendance for Bonnaroo 2008: 80,000
- Total attendance between 2002-2007: 480,000 (6)
- Attendance at Woodstock: 500,000 (2)
- Attendance at Garth Brooks' Central Park Concert in New York in 1997: 1 million (7)
- Population of Manchester: 8,294
- Population of Coffee County: 48,014 (8)
- Number of arrests at Bonnaroo in 2002: 18 (9)
- Number of arrests at Bonnaroo in 2007: 73 (10)
- Number of deaths at Bonnaroo 2007: 1 (11)
- Number of deaths at the festival between 2002-2006: 5 (10)
- Number of deaths involving getting run over by Ricky Skaggs' tour bus: 1 (2006) (11)
- Pounds of garbage recycled at Bonnaroo in 2007: 94,340 (12)
- Number of results for Bonnaroo + hippies + 2002 on Google: 8,890
- Number of results for Bonnaroo + hippies + 2008 on Google: 25,400
- Number of results for Bonnaroo + "dirty hippies": 1,030
- Number of results for Bonnaroo + marijuana: 42,000
Sources:(1) Bonnaroo.com; (2) Museum at Bethel Woods Center for the Arts; (3) Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival; (4) Pitchforkmedia.com; (5) Recording Industry Association of America; (6) Big Hassle Media; (7) CMT; (8) U.S. Census Bureau; (9) "USA Today"; (10) WBIR; (11) The Associated Press; (12) Dane101.com
© 2008 MetroPulse. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Comments » 1
- September 2, 2010
- 9:56 a.m.
- Suggest removal
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marilynmorado writes:
If you need an attendance recording system I recommend using http://www.ghg.com I use them for my company for my employees and when we have festivals to keep track of people, supplies, etc.
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text:
Niagara Gazette — Communications is the art of helping a listener to see in their mind what it is that the speaker sees in theirs. But what makes for the clearest communications is commonality of experiences. That is in both parties having substantially the same values in life.
But do we have all of these common experiences?
The following three short and humorous stories will indicate that we don't, so it is important that we ask each other some questions of clarity when we are told things, so that we may more accurately "see" what the other is saying.
Shore Patrol, Philadelphia Pa., 1974: Upon my stunned partner and I parking the Shore Patrol van at our headquarters, we gazed at a thin young sailor sitting on the front steps. He repeatedly sprayed something from an aerosol can into a small paper bag, placed it over his nose and mouth, inhaling and then collapsed the bag over his face. Neither of us had ever seen anything like this.
We approached the sailor and he again repeated his inhalations and grinned into our faces. By then, I had figured out what he was doing. I took his belongings from him, grabbed him up by his skinny arm, and walked him into the office. He floated alongside of me like a helium-filled party balloon.
When we entered, the Shore Patrol Chief sat at his desk, elbows flapping in the air, and nose only inches away from the piles of papers that he was feverishly reading and signing. He was unaware that we had entered the room. I called to him. he stopped what he was doing, gave me a stern and disturbed look, and then asked me, "What do you want, Hamilton?"
"Chief," I said. "I just caught this guy sniffing PAM on the steps of Shore Patrol."


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• Developed different web crawlers that extract important information from the website according to the set criteria. After getting all the desired information from the website information is either saved in the file or in the database. This information contains information like product name, url, price, description and other related information. Websites includes:
• http://www.ashleyfurnitures.com
• http://www.orangewheels.com
• http://www.alexa.com
• http://www.raymourflanigan.com
• http://www.ballarddesigns.com
• Developed a google keyword search link extractor. It extracts up to forty links according to the given keyword and gets their url's and other related information.
• Working on different SEO tools, these tools can be used for SEO and other purposes. Completed 'keyword density tool' which searches words of 1, 2, 3 phrases from the given website. After getting all the words it calculates the occurrences of these words and display on the webpage. Also completed 'related blog links' tool that gives all the url's from the google search. These links contains a related blog post that matches the input blog name.