text:
Trending: 11-Year-Old Girl's Dying Father Gets A Chance to Walk Her Down The Aisle in Fantasy Wedding That Will Leave You In Tears
Jim Metz, 62, is dying of cancer, but his friends wanted to give a chance to see what his 11-year-old daughter's big day might be like.
Posted by Brian Slupski ,
Murrieta, California – He may not be able to see his daughter's big day when she is married, but he was able to walk her down the aisle.
A Murrieta man who has terminal pancreatic cancer was recently able to share that special moment with his 11-year-old daughter in a surprise wedding ceremony, according to news reports.
KTLA reports that 62-year-old Jim Metz was declared "daddy and daughter" in a backyard ceremony on his daughter Josie's birthday.
It was all made possible by photographer Lindsey Natzic Villatoro, who reached out to her friends to help pull off the event, according to an online photo slideshow she posted.
"In 72 hours I managed to make one little girl's wish to have her daddy attend her wedding come true," the slideshow starts.
"One day (you) wake up and realize you're given the opportunity to change someone's life for the better. You get an idea, don't think twice and run with it," Villatoro wrote, adding that she was able to get hair and makeup artists and other wedding day specialists in on it, too.
The event was attended by friends, family and Pastor Gary Galbraith, according to the Press Enterprise.
"Your dad may not get to see you get married, but he is here to walk you down the aisle today," Galbraith said, according to the PE. "The daddy and daughter relationship is one of the most special relationships in life."
Trending on Patch is a category showcasing popular stories from across Patch's network of 900 local news sites.
Comments + Leave a Comment
beaumontdave April 01, 2014 at 05:18 PM
I would think it equally poignant and painful, but a memory she always hold, and maybe that's the most important part.
joseph April 02, 2014 at 11:19 AM
I love this idea... Definitely put tears in my eyes
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July 31, 2014
Credit Suisse says responding to inquiries on trading systems
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July 29, 2014
CFA Society of Chicago to hold a luncheohn discussion
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July 25, 2014
Loan write down standards changed for non-U.S. banks, NY Times says
A new accounting rule will enable banks outside of the U.S. to write down the value of loans earlier but could cause loans to become less attractive for those banks, according to The New York Times. The rule was issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, whose guidelines are followed in more than 100 countries but not in America, the newspaper stated. Publicly traded European banks include Banco Santander (SAN), Barclays (BCS), Credit Suisse (CS), Deutsche Bank (DB), HSBC (HSBC), ING Groep (ING), Lloyds Banking (LYG), Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and UBS (UBS).
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July 23, 2014
BlackRock announces support for SEC money market reform
BlackRock said in a statement, "BlackRock supports the SEC's efforts to improve the resiliency of U.S. money market funds during times of stress and appreciates the thoughtful, deliberate and consultative process the Agency has undertaken to achieve this result. In light of these changes, we believe that money market funds will continue to prove a valuable cash investment strategy. BlackRock is well positioned to offer our clients the full spectrum of stable NAV, floating NAV, Government, Prime and Municipal cash management products. We look forward to engaging closely with our clients over the coming months to discuss the wide array of cash solutions available to successfully adapt to these new reforms."
Credit Suisse urged to make deeper job cuts, FT says
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July 22, 2014
Earnings Preview: Apple reports after stock split, Beats purchase, iOS 8 launch
Apple (AAPL) is set to report third quarter earnings after the market close on Tuesday, July 22, with a conference call scheduled for 5:00 pm ET. Apple, the world's most valuable company by market capitalization, is the manufacturer of the iPhone and iPad, among other desktop and mobile computing devices. EXPECTATIONS: Analysts are looking for earnings per share of $1.23 on revenue of $37.99B, according to First Call. The consensus range for EPS is $1.14-$1.37 on revenue of $36.58B-$40.31B. In a note to investors, Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said Street analysts expect year-over-year iPhone sales growth of 14% to 35M-36M units, flat iPad sales of 14M-15M units, and a Q3 gross margin of 38%. Munster added that he expects Apple to guide Q4 revenues to $39B-$41B, which is in keeping with Street estimates for about $40.4B in Q4 revenue. LAST QUARTER: Apple reported second quarter EPS of $11.62 on revenue of $45.6B, which topped estimates for $10.18 and $43.5B, respectively. Apple reported iPhones sales of 43.7M units, iPad sales of 16.35M units and Mac sales of 4.14M. Apple said it sees Q3 revenue of $36B-$38B and a gross margin of 37%-38%. Along with its Q2 report, Apple announced a seven-for-one stock split. Apple also announced that its board raised its share repurchase authorization to $90B from the $60B level announced last year and an increase to the company's quarterly dividend of approximately 8% to $3.29 per common share. NEWS: On May 28, Apple confirmed that it agreed to buy Beats Music, which operates a streaming music service, and Beats Electronics, which makes and sells electronic music products such as headphones and speakers, for $3B. As part of the acquisition, Beats co-founders Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre will join Apple. Apple said at that time that it expects the transaction to close in Q4. On June 2, Apple announced OS X Yosemite, a new version of OS X redesigned and refined with a new look, new apps and new continuity features. Apple also unveiled iOS 8, a new version of its mobile operating system with new features for users and developers. Among the features were iCloud Photo Library, which allows user to enjoy photos and videos more easily across devices, new Messages features to easily share voice, video or photos, and a new Health app. Apple noted that the software development kit, or SDK, for iOS 8 was its "biggest developer release ever," with more than 4,000 new APIs. Apple and IBM announced last week that they would collaborate to provide mobile solutions for businesses. Under the deal, the companies will develop more than 100 enterprise solutions, including native apps, for Apple's iPhone and iPads. Moreover, IBM will sell iPhone and iPads to all of its business clients around the world, the companies noted. Also last week, Apple announced that Susan Wagner, founding partner and director of BlackRock (BLK), has been elected to Apple's board and that Bill Campbell, the board's longest-serving member, is retiring after 17 years of service. Mac Rumors reported on July 10 that Apple was said to have ordered 68M iPhone 6 devices, citing a report in Taiwan's Business Weekly. That's double the amount of phones that the tech giant ordered prior to launching the iPhone 5 in 2012, the tech blog noted. The Wall Street Journal subsequently claimed that Apple has asked its suppliers to manufacture between 70M-80M of its two upcoming large-screen iPhones by the end of the year. ANALYST OPINION: On the day after Apple's last quarterly report, CLSA upgraded its rating on the shares to Buy from Outperform. On May 9, ISI Group downgraded Apple to Buy from Strong Buy, citing valuation. On June 2, following Apple's launch event for iOS 8, Piper Jaffray said it believed parts of Apple's new operating system point towards a possible iWatch later in the year and potential connected home products in the future. Piper said at that time that Apple remains on track to deliver multiple new product categories by the end of 2014. On June 17, Societe Generale upgraded Apple to Buy from Hold. On July 14, Barclays raised its rating on Apple to Overweight from Equal Weight, citing its channel checks that indicated near-term upside to consensus estimates. The firm also believes troubles at Samsung are creating an opportunity for Apple to regain market share and raised its price target for Apple shares to $110 from $95. The same day, Morgan Stanley said its survey results suggest June quarter iPhone demand upside. The firm raised its iPhone unit estimate to 36M from 34M and increased its EPS estimate to $1.24. Morgan Stanley increased it price target on Apple to $110 per share. Yesterday, JMP Securities upgraded Apple to Outperform from Market Perform, as the firm thinks the company is poised to report higher than expected sales and gross margins over the near-term and intermediate term. JMP set a price target of $135 on the stock. In his note previewing Apple's quarter, Munster wrote that Apple's guidance for its September-end quarter should tell investors if new iPhones are launching in September or later in the year. The Piper analyst expects a typical September launch, which could give the company 5 or 12 days of sales with the new phone depending on a standard Friday launch and its timing. Munster estimated the potential 7 day swing in the timing of the new phone could mean a 3M-4M unit and about $2B difference in the guidance for Q4, citing recent weekly run-rates for iPhone sales near launch quarters. PRICE ACTION: Each Apple shareholder of record at the close of business on June 2 received six additional shares for every share held on the record date and trading began on a split-adjusted basis on June 9. Shares of Apple advanced about 8% on the first day of trade following its Q2 report. Since the first day of trade following its last quarterly report, shares of Apple are up nearly 26%. In early afternoon trading ahead of its Q3 report tonight, Apple was up fractionally to just over $94 per share.
Credit Suisse down 2.2% after reporting Q2 results
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National Association for Business Economics to hold a seminar
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State Street sees $575M-$625M in annualized pre-tax expense savings by 2015
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State Street reports Q2 operating EPS $1.39, consensus $1.26
Reports Q2 revenue $2.6B, consensus $2.6B.
Credit Suisse says on track to exceed 10% CET1 ratio by year-end
Credit Suisse said it is on track to exceed 10% CET1 ratio by year-end, including continued accrual of cash dividend for 2014.
Credit Suisse to exit commodities trading business
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Credit Suisse reports Q2 net income CHF (700M) vs. CHF 1.05B last year
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July 21, 2014
Astoria Financial to sell non-performing residential mortgages to Credit Suisse
Astoria Financial (AF) announced that the bank had entered into an agreement to sell certain non-performing residential mortgage loans, or NPL, to Credit Suisse (CS) for consideration of approximately $186M. The NPL Sale is expected to close on or about July 31, subject to usual and customary closing conditions. In anticipation of the NPL Sale, such non-performing loans were designated as held-for-sale as of June 30 and were written down from their carrying value of approximately $195M to their estimated fair value of $186M. As a result, the company recorded an $8.7M charge-off and a $5.7M loan loss release in Q2.
Notable companies reporting before tomorrow's open
Notable companies reporting before tomorrow's market open, with earnings consensus, include Verizon (VZ), consensus 90c; Coca-Cola (KO), consensus 63c; Comcast (CMCSA), consensus 72c; United Technologies (UTX), consensus $1.70; McDonald's (MCD), consensus $1.44; Altria Group (MO), consensus 66c; du Pont (DD), consensus $1.17; Lockheed Martin (LMT), consensus $2.66; Kimberly-Clark (KMB), consensus $1.50; Travelers (TRV), consensus $2.07; Ingersoll-Rand (IR), consensus $1.11; State Street (STT), consensus $1.26; TD Ameritrade (AMTD), consensus 34c; Harley-Davidson (HOG), consensus $1.46; Polaris Industries (PII), consensus $1.39; Crocs (CROX), consensus 31c.
Credit Suisse, Fidelity sign agreement to offer great access to IPOs
Fidelity Investments and Credit Suisse Securities announced an agreement that provides Fidelity's brokerage clients the opportunity to participate in initial public offerings and follow-on equity offerings underwritten by Credit Suisse. The agreement expands Credit Suisse's potential investor base to Fidelity's millions of retail brokerage customers, as well as investors who work with advisors through Fidelity's registered investment advisor, correspondent broker/dealer and family office clients. A 2013 Fidelity survey of 2,500 affluent and high-net-worth clients indicated that they had significant interest in IPOs. More than 50% of those surveyed currently buy or are open to investing in IPOs.
Julius Baer CEO sees 'fair, equitable' fix to U.S. investigation, Reuters says
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text:
Biologic DMARDs - Dosage - Side Effects - Interactions - Warnings
- A - Z: Arthritis Drugs
- A - Z: DMARDs
- A - Z: Drug Costs
- Enbrel (Etanercept) (38)
- Humira (Adalimumab) (28)
- Kineret (Anakinra) (8)
- Orencia (Abatacept) (12)
- Raptiva (Efalizumab) (9)
- Remicade (Infliximab) (30)
- Rituxan (Rituximab) (22)
- Simponi (Golimumab) (13)
- The Fear of Needles
Financial Assistance for Arthritis Patients Prescribed Biologic Drugs
Arthritis patients treated with biologic drugs may qualify for financial assistance.
Self-Injection of Arthritis Drugs
Several arthritis drugs require self-injection.
What Are Biologics?
Biologics are newer drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other types of inflammatory arthritis.
What Are Biosimilars?
Biosimilars are products that are highly similar to a biologic drugs that are already FDA-approved.
TNF Blockers - What You Need to Know
Enbrel was the first TNF blocker marketed in 1998. Remicade, Humira, Simponi, and Cimzia are other TNF blockers used to treat inflammatory types of arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment - 2012 ACR Recommendations
The ACR has issued updated recommendations for the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologic drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Fungal Infection - A Risk With TNF-alpha Blockers
The FDA has announced that the makers of four TNF-alpha drugs must strengthen warnings about fungal infection.
Can TNF Blockers Be Stopped When Remission Is Achieved?
TNF blockers -- Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira -- are biologic drugs with the potential for slowing the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory types of arthritis. If remission is achieved, can TNF blockers be stopped?
Is Infection a Serious Side Effect of DMARDs and Biologic Drugs?
Some patients are prone to infection while being treated with DMARDs or biologic drugs. Is infection a serious side effect of biologic drugs? What can be done to fight off infection?
Cimzia - What You Need to Know
Cimzia is a TNF (tumor necrosis factor) blocker. The class of drugs, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, also includes Enbrel, Remicade, Humira, and Simponi.
Actemra (Tocilizumab) - What You Should Know
Actemra (tocilizumab) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Do Biologics Prevent Joint Damage and Deformity?
Biologics, a class of drugs used to treat inflammatory types of arthritis, may prevent joint damage and deformity. What evidence exists that biologics prevent disease progression?
Rheumatoid Arthritis Drugs Linked To Increased Risk of Infections And Cancer
TNF Blockers, specifically Humira and Remicade reportedly increase the risk of cancer and serious infection.
Is It Possible To Decrease The Risk Of An Allergic Reaction To Remicade?
Dr. Zashin explains what can be done to decrease the chance of having an allergic reaction to Remicade.
What Is a Monoclonal Antibody?
Some of the biolgic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis are monoclonal antibodies. What is a monoclonal antibody?
Are Some Arthritis Patients Unsuitable Candidates For Biologic Drugs?
Biologic drugs, including TNF blockers, are suitable for some but not all arthritis patients.
Biologic Response Modifier: What is it?
Biological therapy, also referred to as immunotherapy or biotherapy, employ biologic response modifiers (BRMs) to stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight disease and/or infection.
Rituxan - What You Need to Know
Cancer drug, Rituxan, has been FDA-approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Orencia (abatacept) for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Orencia (abatacept) is a T-cell co-stimulation modulator used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Orencia vs. TNF Antagonists - What's The Difference Between Orencia And ...
Orencia (abatacept) is the first approved T-cell co-stimulation modulator approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. How is Orencia (abatacept) different from Enbrel, Humira, Remicade, and Anakinra?
TNF Blockers (Enbrel, Remicade, Humira) - Test Your Knowledge
How much do you know about the TNF blocker drugs Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira?
TNF Blockers - When Should You Switch?
If an arthritis patient is on one of the TNF blocker drugs, when is it appropriate to switch to another?
Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira - How Are They Similar and Different?
Are there significant similarities and differences between Enbrel, Remicade and Humira?
Side Effects Of Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira - Weighing The Risk vs. Benefits
Arthritis patients sometimes fear the side effects of the TNF blockers Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira. Should they be afraid and avoid these drugs?
TNF Blocker Drugs and Infection Risk
TNF blocker drugs have an infection risk.
TNF Blockers & Skin Disease - Dermatological conditions associated with TNF ...
The group of drugs called TNF-alpha blockers have been associated with various skin conditions by researchers.
Book Review: Arthritis Without Pain - The Miracle Of TNF Blockers
A book about TNF blockers explaining how they work, how they compare to other arthritis drugs. Read about patient success stories and how this breakthrough class of drugs has changed lives.
Combination Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Dr. Isadore Rosenfeld offers information about what's the latest arthritis treatment, including the benefit of combination therapy.
What Is Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the target of several biologic drugs for inflammatory types of arthritis.
Early, Aggressive Arthritis Treatment For Newly Diagnosed Patients
Early, aggressive treatment for arthritis can prevent joint damage and deformity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments Do Not Increase Breast Cancer Risk
Research shows no evidence to date that rheumatoid arthritis treatments, particularly the newest medications, increases the risk of breast cancer.


text:
Master of Education - Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment
Learn How to Develop Better Curriculum and Improve Your Instruction and Assessment Skills with a Master's in Education
Strayer University's Master of Education (M.Ed.) in Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment degree is valuable for any educator looking to further his or her goals in a career in education.
For K-12 teachers, earning a master's in education may lead to a pay raise or promotion opportunity (department chair or faculty mentor). For those who want to teach in higher education, holding a graduate degree is a requirement. For all who work to educate children and adults, earning a master's degree in education offers the opportunity to hone skills, stay current on the latest trends in the field, and serve students more effectively.
Strayer University's Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree with a concentration in Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment* is valuable for any educator looking to further his or her goals in a career in education. Improve your ability to foster student success. Learn the latest theories, methods, and technologies. Sharpen your skills for facilitating learning, promoting student achievement, developing and implementing curricula, and conducting meaningful educational assessments.
Online classes and on-campus coursework is designed for practicing educators who wish to expand their competencies or advance to leadership positions.
Completion of Strayer University's Master of Education program does not guarantee a student has met the requirements to apply for public school teacher or administrator licensure in any state, nor that a student will be eligible for pay raises, promotions or other job-related benefits. Students pursuing teacher or school administrator certifications in the public school system should contact their respective state offices of education as well as local school district to confirm educational requirements before beginning the program.
Key Learning Outcomes
- Demonstrate and promote multiethnic and multicultural awareness and appreciation in K-12 instructional methods, program curricula, and assessment practices.
- Develop, implement, and evaluate curricula for use in multiple educational settings.
- Identify appropriate technology applications and develop technological skills for K-12 instruction, curriculum development, and assessment.
- Apply research, critical thinking, and communication skills to obtain, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, and present scholarship related to K-12 curricula, instruction, and assessment.
- Apply oral and written communication skills to deliver K-12 instruction, develop and implement program curricula, and obtain and present assessment data.
|Program Disclosures
|Information for Tennessee Online Students


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2014 USBC MastersBrunswick Zone Carolier ~ North Brunswick, NJFebruary 16–23, 2014
NOTE: The 2014 USBC Masters is currently SOLD OUT. To add your name to the waiting list, click on online registration below.
Entries for the 2014 USBC Masters will be capped
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There will be two Pro-Am squads on Monday,
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as needed.
Click here for online registration to the 2014 USBC Masters.Click here for an interactive PDF registration to the 2014 USBC Masters.PRICING:$450 for all entries submitted by January 10, 2014 at 5 p.m. CST.$500 for all entries submitted from January 11 to February 14, 2014.$550 for all entries submitted on site.$25 fee for all entries not using the online registration system.All entries paid via wire transfer must include all related fees as part of the transaction.


text:
Reputation with Observed Actions
AbstractA single long-run player plays a fixed-stage game (simultaneous or sequential move) against an infinite sequence of short-run opponents that play only once but can observe all past realized actions. Assuming that the probability distributions over types of long- and short-run players have full support, we show that the long-run player can always establish a reputation for the Stackelberg strategy and is therefore guaranteed almost his Stackelberg payoff in all Nash equilibria of the repeated game.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Springer in its journal Economic Theory.
Volume (Year): 7 (1996)
Issue (Month): 3 (April)
Pages: 407-19
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Web page: http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00199/index.htm
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Related researchKeywords:
Other versions of this item:
- Marco Celentani, 1996. "Reputation with observed actions (*)," Economic Theory, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 407-419.
- C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
- E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- O11 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O47 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
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Cited by:
- Fudenberg, Drew & Levine, David & Pesendorfer, Wolfgang, 1998.
"When Are Nonanonymous Players Negligible?,"
Journal of Economic Theory,
Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 46-71, March.
- Drew Fudenberg & David K. Levine & Wolfgang Pesendorfer, 1996. "When are Non-Anonymous Players Negligible," Levine's Working Paper Archive 180, David K. Levine.
- Drew Fudenberg, 1995. "When Are Non-Anonymous Players Negligible?," Discussion Papers 1114, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Pesendorfer, Wolfgang & Levine, David & Fudenberg, Drew, 1998. "When Are Nonanonymous Players Negligible?," Scholarly Articles 3203775, Harvard University Department of Economics.
- Celentani, Marco, et al, 1996.
"Maintaining a Reputation against a Long-Lived Opponent,"
Econometric Society, vol. 64(3), pages 691-704, May.
- Marco Celentani, 1993. "Maintaining a Reputation Against A Long-Lived Opponent," Discussion Papers 1075R, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Sorin, Sylvain, 1999. "Merging, Reputation, and Repeated Games with Incomplete Information," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 29(1-2), pages 274-308, October.
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Mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade, a new work by Taiwan's Cloud Gate Dance Theatre, bluesman Dr. John and a '90s take on Shakespeare by the Acting Company are part of the Cerritos Center for the Performing Arts' characteristically eclectic sixth season, announced today.
The husband-and-wife team of Gorme open the 1997-98 season Aug. 15 and 16. Other highlights:
* The Pointer Sisters (Aug. 29-30).
* Judy Collins (Sept. 20).


text:
By GREG JORDAN
Bluefield Daily Telegraph
A charge of first-degree murder is among the indictments handed down this week by the June session of the Mercer County grand jury.
David Reasby, 36, of Bluefield was arrested in December 2012 and charged with first-degree murder in the Aug. 20, 2012 shooting death of Derek Tabor, 23, of Montcalm. Tabor died after being shot on Fourth Street in Bluefield. Investigators did not comment on a motive at the time of Reasby's arrest.
The grand jury indicted Reasby on charges of first-degree murder and conspiracy.
A complete grand jury list, with each case assigned to a judge, was being prepared Wednesday.
The following cases are among the June indictments.
Grand jury indictments included Eric Anthony Perdue, 32, of Bluefield who was indicted on charges of driving under the influence with death; DUI with injury; and DUI second offense.
John Daniel Spaulding, 36, of Bluefield was indicted on charges of possession of material depicting minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct.
Kimberly Cox, 38, of Nemours was indicted on multiple charges including use of a minor in filming sexually-explicit conduct by a custodian; sending or distributing material by a custodian depicting a child engaged in sexually-explicit conduct; sexual assault first degree; and sexual assault first degree.
Jonathan Edward Kirk, 35, currently at the Southern Regional Jail in Beaver, was indicted on charges including soliciting a minor via computer; use of a minor in filming sexually-explicit conduct; use of obscene matter with intent to seduce a minor; and sexual abuse by a parent, guardian, custodian or person in a position of trust.
Docket day has been scheduled for June 24 at the Mercer County Courthouse. Proceedings will begin 9:30 a.m. before Judge William Sadler.
— Contact Greg Jordan at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
In 2013, ECE's annual career fair drew more than 45 prospective
employers looking to hire our electrical and computer engineers.
ECE students and staff participating in engineering projects around the
world through Engineers Without Borders.
The ECE community values and celebrates its diversity at International
Day each year--sharing traditional dishes, music, customs, and dress.
ECE professors, alumni and students often find their innovations lead to technical
ventures. The University of Maryland is a launch pad for their future success.
Professor Myron Creese was the first electrical engineering faculty member hired
by the Maryland Agricultural College, the academic institution from which UMD originated.
The Electrical and Computer Engineering department researches innovations in
sustainability. In our labs you can find research on solar cells, wind energy or transportation electrification.
Students in Professor Reza Ghodssi's MEMS Laboratory demonstrate their research
to visitors at Maryland Day 2014.
Ephremides Wins IEEE MILCOM Lifetime Acheivement Award
Professor Ephremides named 2014 IEEE MILCOM Technical Lifetime Acheivement Award Recipient for his contributions to military communications.
Jonathan Simon and UMB's Elliot Hong win Research and Innovation Seed Grant
The pair will investigate neural processing in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations.
2014 Dean's Student Research Awards Announced
Graduate students recognized for high quality engineering research
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Another shooting has taken place in Savannah, this time on West 38th and Barnard streets.
Metro police found a man shot in his car that had crashed right in front of the Savannah Deliverance Center at the intersection of 38th and Barnard streets around 1 a.m. Thursday. The victim was rushed to Memorial with serious injuries, but he was alert and talking as he was being loaded into the ambulance.
The roads around 38th and Barnard had to be closed for 2 to 3 hours, but have since reopened.
It is unknown if the actual shooting took place where the wreck occurred or if the man was shot somewhere else and drove for a bit before crashing into the church.
"It is a pretty nice area now. We have had some trouble over the years, but it is pretty cleaned up. We actually have been doing some renovations around here," said Ernest Tilson, Minister at Savannah Deliverance Center.
This is the third shooting to happen in Savannah in less than 3 days. There was one at Reynold's and 31st streets Tuesday night, one on Wednesday on Laroche Ave. and Hughes Ave., and now at 38th and Barnard streets. No suspects have been taken into custody in any of these shootings.
"I do not know what is going on in this city, seems to be getting worse and worse," said Tilson.
If you know anything about these recent shootings, call police or CrimeStoppers at 912.234.2020.
Copyright 2013 WTOC. All rights reserved.
A Florida father who beat up his son's alleged attacker says his son is the real hero – not himself.
West Ferguson Street
Tyler, TX 75702
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A police officer in India attempted to shoot a doctor after he refused to fake documents.
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Austin police officer thought he was protecting the public, but was punished for his actions
CHP Commissioner Joe Farrow vowed to complete a comprehensive investigation in weeks instead of the usual months
Dash cam video has been released of an October 2013 incident between an officer and paraplegic man
Officer was injured Tuesday after being struck by a vehicle while directing traffic after a multi-car accident
Officer stopped NFL player Sam Montgomery for going 89 mph in a 55 mph zone June 25


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You may not have heard of Waze. It's a free turn-by-turn smartphone app featuring user-generated maps, traffic updates, and alerts. That may sound like a lot of work, but most of the updates and data flowing into Waze are collected passively. For example, if you drive on a road that is not in the Waze map database, it gets added to the map and flagged, and can be named by user/members later. Also, if you slow down due to traffic, the Waze servers note that, and see if others are slowing down in the same area, and if necessary Waze will highlight congested roads in red.
If you've ever been frustrated by your GPS company taking forever to update new or changed roads in your area, Waze may appeal to you because you can go to the map and make corrections and updates yourself. You may also actively post updates to the system, using touchscreen buttons including police, traffic jam, accident, hazard, and map update. Waze now claims more than 1.5 million social drivers, and users seem to appreciate the bit of fun Waze introduces into the world of on-the-road navigation. Waze is available for a wide range of phones, including iPhone, Android, Windows Mobile, Symbian and others, and a BlackBerry beta version is offered.


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I would like a third union to represent me. The union would be solely focused on protecting students' rights to innovative, humane, experiential pedagogy, and teachers would be certified and placed by that union as representatives of its mission. It would be like a mash-up of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, ISTE, the American Bar Association, Carney, Sandoe & Associates, and William Morris.
The union would evaluate teachers' work against it's mission criteria, certify teachers who satisfy that criteria, contract with school divisions to place teams of these teachers in the divisions, and negotiate terms and contracts (including housing/moving allowances and the union percentage) on individual teachers' behalves, including assurances to protect and advance the teachers' work in designing students' authentic learning.
Such assurances might include provisions like these:
- The division will provide the teacher with 1:1 computing environment using mobile computing devices.
- The division will provide the teacher with a 1-time infrastructure grant and access to state vendors to redesign his or her assigned learning space.
- The division will facilitate permissions for the teacher to publish at-will on his or her work in open-access environments.
- The division will facilitate permissions and support the teacher in publishing for-profit with profit sharing between the teacher and his or her school and/or division.
- The division will allow the teacher to manage available technology and provide tech support for the teacher to do so.
- The division will facilitate parent opt-out of testing or agree to hold the teacher harmless for end-of-course standardized tests scores so long as other achievement measures, such as reading inventories, and deliverables are submitted on time and at reflect a high level of learning and quality.
- The division will facilitate fair and equitable access to placed teachers.
- The division will facilitate – with revised, but sensible policies – field trip and student-publishing regulations and parent permissions to allow for ready community partnerships, service learning, and project-based learning outside the school.
- The division will provide time with an employed or contracted programmer for x/y hours per week where x is the programmer's available time and y is the number of placed teachers.
- The division will allow teacher oversight of partnerships with donors and community partnerships who benefit the classroom in kind with teachers subjected to monthly reporting and auditing of donations.
The teacher deliverables might include things like:
- Publishing apps, curricula, and action research in a for-profit partnership with the division and a collaborating publishing company, journal, and/or software developer.
- Presenting at the local, state, and national level about the work of students in the division.
- Developing and maintaining interactive exhibits of student work on division web pages .
- Providing the division, union, and partners with feedback about the placement.
- Establishing teacher-run schools and/or programs governed by boards of placed teachers, students, parents, and community partners.
- Developing assessment criteria for experiential learning in partnership with teachers placed at other sites to validate new kinds of learning measurement.
- Developing experiential assessments and correlating their results to students' literacy gains and standardized test scores in alike cohorts over the course of the placement.
- Serving as in-class mentors and partners for 3-5 apprentice teachers in a shared, inquiry-driven learning program
- Overseeing the development and implementation of virtual programs, including mentoring such programs' teachers.
I would want the union to kick my tail during the certification process so that neither I nor any perspective employer would doubt my capability to fulfill the union's mission. I would also want a robust social network to support my professional development and help me with any improvement plan. I mean, I would want the process to take years and involve a lot of iteration and demonstration of the teaching and learning such certification would merit. I would want to be turned down a few times and offered targeted feedback on the areas in which I would need to improve to be certified.
The union would use something like a composite index to measure the fiscal health of partner divisions and place surcharges on wealthy divisions to help subsidize the placement and provision of union teachers in needier districts.
What do you think? Untenable? Unnecessary? Unavoidable?


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Back to index
Emotion, Style, and Authorship
Cynthia Whissell
Laurentian University
Authorship and Its Implications
The research described in this report uses stylistic and emotional analyses of text to answer the question "Who wrote America's Declaration of Independence?" Most sources that discuss the Declaration (with one notable exception described below) attribute its authorship to Thomas Jefferson, a Virginian revolutionary and later the third President of the United States. This attribution rests largely on three facts: the fact that Jefferson was a member of the committee charged with drafting a document and presenting it to the second Continental Congress, the fact that an early rough draft of the Declaration which incorporates corrections made by individuals and by the Congress is written in his handwriting, and the fact the Jefferson himself claimed authorship in his correspondence, in his autobiography, and most notably on his gravestone.
The public attribution of the Declaration to Jefferson, however, seems to have occurred several years after the writing and to have been tainted by party politics and conflicts between Republicans and Federalists (McDonald, 1999). As well, the existence of another early draft of the Declaration in the handwriting of John Adams, a revolutionary from Massachusetts and later the second President, who never claimed authorship, has been largely ignored (Lewis, 1947). The meaning of "authorship" in the context of the Declaration is less than clear (McDonald, 1999). By claiming authorship did Jefferson mean that he had "authorized the collected efforts of others," "put the ideas of others into coherent form in his own words," "worked with input from others to create a rough draft," or "thought of it all himself?" McDonald (1999) notes that a claim of authorship has meant different things in different cultural and historical contexts, and that its meaning was undergoing a shift at the time when the first claims for authorship of the Declaration were made. The meaning of "authorship" was moving from that depicted in the first of the statements above (authorization) towards that depicted in the last (individual intellectual property).
Current celebrations of American Independence on July 4th are focussed on the Declaration of Independence. This document was approved by the Second Continental Congress on July 4th of 1776. Representatives' convictions as to the necessity for independence are often tied, in the minds of laymen, to the Declaration. The author of this document is envisioned by casual observers as being the man whose eloquence "convinced" members of Congress to vote for the break with Britain. In actual fact the passage of the Declaration was something of an afterthought. Its drafting was assigned to a committee at the end of June and the document was approved two days after independence had been declared, on July 2nd 1776, by Lee's and Adams' resolution affirming "That these United Colonies, are, and of a right ought to be, free and independent states..." The wording of the resolution is echoed in the Declaration. In a letter to his wife Abigail, John Adams labelled July 2nd as the day worthy of memory.
Far from writing a passionate document designed to convince others to vote for independence, the author of the Declaration was in fact writing a public apologia - an after-the-fact justification of independence expressed in terms of the highest moral principles of the time. Problems with variations in the definition of authorship (from authorization to individual intellectual property) were noted above. In the context of the production of the Declaration, the situation described here leads to an additional question: to what extent does authorship of the Declaration of Independence equate with authorship of independence itself? Since the members of the drafting committee were already known to be supporters of independence, it would be fair to conclude that the Declaration of Independence convinced absolutely no one of the need for independence and therefore that the author of this document could not claim to have "authored" independence unless he had other evidence for his claim.
During 1776 sentiments against Britain ran high, as any reader of Empire Loyalist writings (Upton, 1967), or of descriptions of "Tory" witch hunts (Stuart, 1985) would attest. The author of the Declaration was determined to both capitalise on these feelings and to rationalise them, using them to explain that independence was justly deserved in view of the infamous actions of Britain, telescoped onto the person of her monarch George III. In the slang of 2001, the Declaration could be classified as a rant. It launches a barrage of accusations that are sandwiched between two expressions of high principle (Appendix A). Individuals minimally acquainted with the Declaration remember only the introductory segment of high principle and credit the author of the Declaration with inventing the ideas in it, attributing to him a significant degree of influence in the achievement of independence.
The impact of the "authorship" of the Declaration is also tied to its degree of influence after independence. Most early Americans paid little attention to the Declaration. Wills notes that although the US Constitution was regarded as a "pure voice of the Enlightenment" in Europe, the Declaration was largely ignored (1979, p. 357). After half a century of obscurity at home and abroad (McDonald, 1999; Wills, 1979) the Declaration was revived first in order to garner popular acclaim for a political party and later as a tool to help a new country "invent" itself. Users and interpreters of the sentiments and principles expressed in the Declaration, such as Abraham Lincoln added lustre to its reputation as a founding document.
In the name of authorship, the writer of the Declaration is credited with some things he never did (originating the idea of independence), some his Declaration could not have led to (independence itself), and others that happened many years after the writing of the Declaration when this document was brought to the foreground of American consciousness (defining America). Although this report examines the issue of authorship of the Declaration in terms of writing style and emotion, this issue is best understood in the context of the multiple definitions and implications of authorship.
Issues of authorship aside, the stylistic and emotional nature of documents as important as the Declaration of Independence are of interest in their own right. This paper will compare the Declaration, as it was accepted by the Congress, with the two early handwritten drafts by Jefferson and Adams. In order to better describe the Declaration of Independence, it will also compare the language and emotion in it to that in several other concurrent writings including those of Jefferson (A Summary View of the Rights of British America, A Draft of the Virginia Constitution, the Virginia Bill of Rights), Adams (Novanglus Essay # 7), Thomas Paine (Common Sense, and the Crisis report beginning "These are the times that try men's souls"), and Patrick Henry (the famous oration ending with "Give me liberty or give me death"). The writings and oration will be compared to one another using measures of style (word length, use of rare words, punctuation, negations, use of the verb "to be"), measures of emotion (activation and pleasantness), and a measure of imagery or word concreteness. The main issue addressed will be that of authorship.
The comparison of the Declaration to the writing of Thomas Paine is of particular interest because of a claim made half a century ago (Lewis, 1947) that Paine rather than Jefferson was the author of the Declaration. Lewis' claim still nibbles at the edges of American consciousness on the World Wide Web but it has received little serious consideration from scholars, perhaps because they, like early reviewers, dismiss Lewis' claim as something of a conspiracy theory (Challener, 1947; Wilson, 1947).
Lewis' Claim that Paine Authored the Declaration, and Problems with this Claim
Joseph Lewis (1947) made an impassioned argument in support of his claim that the Declaration had been attributed to the wrong Thomas - Jefferson rather than Paine. His contention rested on several points which can be summarised as follows: (1) Jefferson was not the first choice for the drafting committee; (2) Paine and Jefferson often exchanged ideas, even extremely important ones; (3) Paine preferred to work anonymously; (4) Paine wrote vigorously in favour of Independence elsewhere while Jefferson did not; (5) Paine was more passionate about Independence, and therefore more likely to have produced a passionate document; (6) Jefferson was not against slavery, while Paine clearly was, and the Declaration draft included a strong clause against slavery; and (7) the stylistic dimensions of the Declaration, including word choices and certain spellings and capitalisations evident in the Adams copy, favour Paine rather than Jefferson as author.
The answer to Lewis' (1947) sixth point remains a puzzle. How could a man who owned slaves, who continued to own slaves until his death, who only freed three slaves in his will (p. 166), and who believed that they were inferior (p. 156), suggest that King George "has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life & liberty?" The anti-slavery clause refers to slavery as an "execrable commerce." The clause did not appear in the final Declaration because it was struck out by Congress. The best interpretation put on Jefferson's position and actions by his supporters is that his ideals were expressed in his rough draft of the Declaration, while his actions were controlled by the realities of Southern plantation life. Some writers doubt the depth or sincerity of the anti-slavery clause. Becker (1942/1972, pp. 212-216) compares it unfavourably to statements against slavery made later by Abraham Lincoln.
There are several problems with Lewis' claim that Paine wrote the Declaration and with the evidence he used to support this claim. Problems fall into three main categories: outright errors or omissions, overemphasis of weak clues, and the fact that strong clues point to motive for Paine, and perhaps opportunity, but not necessarily authorship. As an example of the first problem, Lewis made much of the fact that several words in the Adams draft of the Declaration were capitalised for stress, and he attributed this to the fact that Adams was copying a Paine original because Paine used similar capitalisations (pp. 130-131). In reaching this conclusion, Lewis neglected to note that the habit of capitalisation of stressed words was characteristic of Adams himself (it is evident in his letters). As well, Lewis emphasised Jefferson's respectful attitude to King George III and his lack of passion for Independence, neglecting to mention that a draft of the Virginia Constitution, produced by Jefferson in June of 1776 (and analysed in this report), gave evidence of both passion and a confrontational attitude to the king.
When making the second type of error, overemphasis of details, Lewis was too ambitious in interpreting information out of context. Challener (1947) says of Lewis that "He lifts quotations from their contexts and warps them to his own purposes with startling felicity" (p. 381). This is seen in Lewis' use of snippets of letters and phrases which are interpreted as having hidden meanings. Writing before the publication of the Declaration Paine used the words "the decree has finally gone forth" which Lewis (1947, p. 88) interpreted as implying both knowledge and authorship of the Declaration. From their context, these words could be referring to any of several actions of the Congress in its move towards independence.
The third type of problem arose because the strongest pieces of evidence put forth by Lewis such as the friendship of Jefferson and Paine and their interaction, or Paine's attitudes towards slavery and Independence, show that Paine had the opportunity to write the Declaration and even the motive, but do not prove that he necessarily did write it. Would any patriot passionately in favour of Independence and friendly with Jefferson be an equally likely author of the Declaration? An examination of the Declaration in terms of emotion and style should throw some light on Lewis' claim: if the Declaration matched the style and emotion of Paine rather than Jefferson, it would make the evidence for motive and opportunity provided by Lewis more believable. If the Declaration were to prove a closer match for the style of Thomas Jefferson however, Lewis' claim could be laid to rest.
Lewis (1947, p. 84) suggests that the Declaration of Independence is an actualisation of Paine's ideals expressed in Common Sense. Jefferson may have been strongly influenced by Paine's ideals, but he may have represented these ideals in the Declaration as a result of his own conviction, so that Paine's influence was expressed at second hand. Retrospectively (in a letter written when he was 80, in 1823), Jefferson suggested that "the sentiments of independence, and the reasons for declaring it" might indeed have come from discussions around him at the time, because he "did not consider it as any part of [his] charge to invent new ideas altogether" though he "turned to neither book nor pamphlet" while writing the Declaration (Lewis, 1947, p. 296, excerpt from a letter to James Madison).
The principle of parsimony maintains that entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity: thus if Jefferson is recognised as the author of the Declaration on considerable evidence, the fact that another individual had opportunity and motive are not necessarily enough to negate Jefferson's authorship, and further if Adams is known to have employed capitalisation as a means of stressing important words, a third party need not be invented as an intermediary to the creative process and as the source of the capitalisation.
Looking at letters written by Jefferson and Adams on the topic of the Declaration many years after Independence, both McDonald (1999) and Lewis (1947, pp. 296, 301) conclude that some doubts are being cast on the authorship of the Declaration, but they interpret these in different ways: McDonald uses the letters to address the definition and implications of authorship, Lewis to address the identity of the author. If the least supportable of Lewis' claims were disregarded, an important issue would still have arisen as a result of his investigation and this issue would address the history and nature of the Adams copy of the Declaration which is enough like the Jefferson rough draft to be clearly related to it, but different in several interesting ways. Neither of the two Presidents' letters explains the nature or existence of this copy, which has been dated "ante June 28, 1776," that is, before the Declaration had been seen by the Congress. The second task undertaken in this report was a close comparison of the two early drafts of the Declaration.
Documents Analyzed
The first document analysed was, of course,
the Declaration itself as it had been passed by the Congress http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/declaration/declaration.htm
Only two of the documents studied were written after the Declaration had been accepted by Congress (July, 1776) - one Bill of Rights (Pennsylvania, September, 1776) and the report on the American Crisis by Paine (December, 1776). Such documents should be treated cautiously because they might resemble the Declaration as a result of its acceptance and publication, and are therefore not acceptable evidence of authorship. They are acceptable as standards of comparison, however. The Virginia and Pennsylvania Bills of Rights were included because they had been mentioned specifically by Lewis (1947), and Paine's Crisis report was included to provide an example of his passionate writing style which might have been somewhat diluted in Common Sense due to the length of the latter.
The Measures Used to Describe the Documents
The documents were compared using the output of a computer program designed to analyse text (Whissell, 1994). This program employed the Dictionary of Affect in Language in its most updated form (Whissell, 2001). Analyses involving the program and the Dictionary of Affect have previously been applied to political materials such as the inaugural addresses of US Presidents (Whissell & Sigelman, 2001) and to materials written at about the time of the American Revolution (Whissell, 2001) as well as to more recent literary efforts (Whissell, 1999).
The computer program read all words and punctuation marks in a text and produced a set of 10 scores. A list of these scores with examples of the words producing them is included in Table 1. The first three measures in Table 1 (Pleasantness, Activation, Imagery) depended on comparisons of words in documents with people's opinions of the emotion or imagery in these words, while the last seven (rare words, negations, use of "to be," colons, periods, punctuations, word length) were direct measures of the documents involved. Most of the words in the documents studied were matched to the Dictionary of Affect (overall: 90%; range for individual documents: 88-91%).
Results of Analyses of Emotion and Style
The Declaration of Independence can be described in normative terms on the basis of comparisons to a broadly sampled corpus of everyday English (Whissell, 1998). The language of the Declaration was less Pleasant and more Active than everyday English, a fact which may be explained by the document's revolutionary purposes, and by its contents (Appendix A). It was also more abstract than everyday English (lower in concrete Imagery), probably as a result of its inclusion of statements of abstract principle. In comparison to everyday English, the Declaration was a linguistically complex document because it included a rather high proportion of rare words (15% in comparison to the norm of 10%), relatively long words (closer to 5 rather than the norm of 4 letters long), and relatively long sentences (40 words long as compared to adult everyday English norms of 15-20 words long). Because of this linguistic complexity, the average reader would find the Declaration of Independence more difficult to read than a novel or newspaper report. The linguistic complexity of the Declaration may be due to the document's importance and to its legal standing. It was one of the first official statements made by a newly declared country. Henry's oration and Paine's Crisis report were both similar to everyday English in terms of their linguistic complexity, but these samples served different purposes than the Declaration and were indeed more comparable to newspaper reports in their intent than it was.
Ranks for all documents on the 10 measures of the report are listed in Appendix B. Inferential statistical tests indicated the presence of significant (non-chance) differences among documents on all measures. The ranks in Appendix B range from 1 (most or highest) to 11 (least or lowest). Repeated ranks are indicative of ties. Ranks are used in parentheses below to support statements describing the various documents. For example, the first column of data (Pleasantness) reveals that the three versions of the Declaration were tied for medium Pleasantness at a rank of 5, along with two other documents (Paine's Common Sense and his Crisis report). The most Pleasant documents were those with the highest ranks - Henry's oration and the Pennsylvania Bill of Rights (ranked 1.5). The least Pleasant document (ranked 11) was the Virginia Constitution draft written by Jefferson. An examination of Henry's oration (last row of the table) reveals that it was very Pleasant (1.5), highly Imaged or concrete (2), made frequent use of the verb "to be" (1), was negative in tone (negations: 1), had short sentences (high rank for Periods, 3), and was heavily punctuated (3). At the opposite end of the continuum it included the fewest rare words (11), and the shortest words (ranked 11 for length), while making use of few colons (10). This oration had been structured to produce the strongest possible impact on a wide variety of listeners. Part of Patrick Henry's fame as an orator rests on the way he was able to employ emotion, imagery, and style to make his point.
It is very obvious from the data that the three forms of the Declaration of Independence obtained similar ranks for most measures, and often identical or tied ranks. This is true in spite of the fact that the Declaration accepted by the Congress was only three fourths as long as the original rough drafts. The Declaration accepted by Congress is notable in terms of its high Activation (rank=2.5), its high Imagery (2), its relatively high use of rare words (3.5), and colons (3), it use of longer words, on the average, than any other document (1), and its avoidance of Negations (11) and forms of the verb "to be" (10). Not surprisingly, in view of the fact that the Declaration was enumerating past wrongs, it made frequent use of forms of the verb "has" as in "he has obstructed" and "he has refused" (from the Declaration, in reference to King George III) rather than "to be." The two drafts obtained similar ranks.
Differences between the Jefferson and Adams drafts of the Declaration are most obvious in the use of colons (Jefferson's draft had the most) and punctuation marks in general. Jefferson's draft had a relatively low number of punctuation marks (rank=10.5) and therefore relatively large processing units.
Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to represent how closely the documents were related to one another in terms of emotion and style. High positive correlations indicate agreement in ranks and similarity of documents, while low negative correlations indicate that one document has high ranks where the other has low ones, or, in other words, that the documents are opposite or very different in nature. All the conclusions in this section are based on the presence of statistically significant correlations between documents which are recounted in detail in Appendix C.
The Declaration accepted by Congress was most closely (as suggested above) related to the Adams and Jefferson drafts. It was negatively related to (i.e., very different from, in fact opposite to) Adams' Novanglus essay, and Paine's Common Sense, though similar to Jefferson's Summary View.
The relationship between the two handwritten drafts was high but far from perfect. In the four cases where the ranks for the Jefferson and Adams drafts disagreed (Activation, colons, periods, punctuations marks) the Adams draft was actually closer to the final Declaration 4/4 times. The likelihood of this happening by chance is quite low.
In comparing the draft versions of the Declaration to the remaining documents, it was noted that Jefferson's rough draft was similar to his Virginia Draft Constitution, while being quite different from Novanglus, and Common Sense. Adams' draft evinced a similar pattern of relationships: it was similar to Jefferson's Summary View but different than Adam's own Novanglus and Paine's Common Sense.
The only works which were similar to the Declaration of Independence were either (a) other versions of the Declaration or (b) the writings of Thomas Jefferson. Paine's Common Sense, claimed by Lewis (1947) to have been the source of the Declaration, is negatively related to it, suggesting extreme differences in emotion and style between documents. For example, Common Sense was relatively Passive while the Declaration was relatively Active. The Declaration was high on Imagery and used longer words than did Common Sense. On the other hand, the Declaration made little use of the verb "to be" while Common Sense used it often, and the Declaration was one of the least heavily punctuated documents while Common Sense was among the most heavily punctuated ones. It is also notable that Adams' Novanglus essay was very different in terms of emotion and style from his draft copy of the Declaration, suggesting opposite types of emotion and style. For example, the Novanglus essay was much more Passive in language than the Declaration. It also used fewer rare words and more negations, and made much more frequent use of the verb "to be," indicating that Adams, who was the author of Novanglus, was not the author of the draft of the Declaration in his handwriting. This does not rule out contributions to the final document from Adams such as the ones made in his own handwriting on Jefferson's rough draft. It does however suggest that any corrections or suggestions which were incorporated did not alter the general emotion and style of the document.
There was little similarity between the writing styles of Jefferson and Paine. Common Sense was the emotional and linguistic opposite of Jefferson's Summary View and Virginia Draft Constitution. Although the Crisis report showed some similarity to Henry's oration and the Pennsylvania Bill of Rights, it was not like any of Jefferson's works. It cannot be argued, therefore, that the relationship of the Declaration to Jefferson's writings was mediated by similarities of Jefferson's emotion and style to Paine's.
Thomas Jefferson's style and emotion are evident in all three forms of the Declaration studied, while nobody else's style and emotion are similar to it. Both of the other candidates for authorship (Adams, because of the existence of a copy in his handwriting, and Paine, as a result of Lewis' claims) had writing styles distinctly different from that of the Declaration. Patrick Henry's style was also distinctly different from the Declaration. On the basis of the emotion and style, the authorship of the Declaration - including the draft in Adams' handwriting - must be attributed to Thomas Jefferson.
A Comparison of the Jefferson and Adams Drafts
In view of the conclusion reached on the basis of emotion and style (an attribution of authorship to Jefferson), the draft of the Declaration in Adams' handwriting was compared to that in Jefferson's at a detailed level. Although Adams never claimed authorship of the Declaration, it is important to understand the place of his draft in the unfolding of events. Differences between the two documents are summarised in Table 2. As noted by Lewis (1947) there were frequent differences in capitalisation (e.g. the Adams copy beings "When in the Course of human Events it becomes necessary for a People …" while the Jefferson copy begins "When in the course of human events is becomes necessary for a people …"). Jefferson used the ampersand (&) to indicate the word "and" while Adams did not. In the analysis described in the previous section, the ampersand had been transformed back into the word "and" to avoid the overemphasis of trivial differences. There were differences in punctuation (also evident in Table 2). Jefferson used more colons (:) and fewer commas and periods (.,) than Adams. There were preferential differences in spelling (Jefferson rendered "independent" as "independant," for example, and "impel" as "impell"). There were some relatively trivial spelling errors in the Jefferson draft and an omission of apostrophes in the Adams draft. There were also some few differences at the level of words and phrases. As pointed out by Lewis (1947), "self evident" and "unalienable" are characteristic of the Adams copy. Later in the Declaration, Jefferson referred to "fellow-subjects" where Adams had "fellow citizens."
Table 2 also indicates which rendering - that of Jefferson or that of Adams - was most like the final form of the Declaration. Capitalisation for stress was employed in the Declaration, but not in exactly the same manner as that employed by Adams. The first sentence of the Declaration itself reads "When in the Course of human events it become necessary for one people …" The ampersand, of course, did not appear in the Declaration in lieu of the word "and" which was spelled out. The punctuation of the final document included more periods and fewer colons than the Jefferson original - i.e., it was more like the Adams copy, though again not exactly so. The preferential spellings were roughly equally represented in the final document, and the word "independant" (which is found several times elsewhere in Jefferson's writings) was rendered as "independent." Jefferson's spelling errors were corrected. When it comes to differences at the level of mismatched words and phrases, however, the final document was clearly closer to the Adams draft, following the Jefferson draft in only one example (the choice of verb in the phrase "erected" offices as opposed to "created" offices).
When inferential statistics were used to compare all words and punctuation marks in the Declaration to all those in Adams draft copy, only one significant difference (beyond chance level) was observed. The Declaration itself uses dashes (-) at several early points while the Adams' copy does not. These dashes are visible in the Dunlap Broadside of July 8, 1776, a facsimile of which is available at http://earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/freedom/doi/doi.jpg . When a similar comparison was made for Jefferson's rough draft, with "&" and "and" being considered equivalent, four statistically significant differences were observed. These involved the use of colons (the Declaration had proportionally fewer than Jefferson's draft), periods and commas (the Declaration had more than the draft), and the word "independant" (the "a" in the final syllable is Jefferson's preferred spelling).
The overall conclusions which can be reached on the basis of the comparison of documents are the following: the two drafts of the Declaration were extremely similar to one another, though they differed in capitalisation, the use of the ampersand, spelling, punctuation, "typos," and, in a few cases, words and phrases. The document most like the Declaration itself was the Adams document. This finding reiterates the one reported in the sections on ranks and relationship analyses.
From surrounding events, it is possible to date both the Adams and the Jefferson drafts to the last few days of June, 1776. What process would produce documents so similar, yet account for the differences between them? Adams' copy is most likely not a literal copy - that is Adams was not looking at a document and copying it word for word. If this were the case, there would be no differences in capitalisation and punctuation, and no differences in words and phrases, though some spelling differences might still exist. If Adams were writing his draft from dictation, however, many of the differences between the documents would be explained. The Declaration was designed as an oration (McDonald, 1999; Lewis, 1994), so it would not be surprising if Jefferson (or some other person) read a draft to Adams, who wrote it down. Adams would write in his own preferential style (capitalisation, preferred spellings), and might quite easily have replaced Jefferson's colons with periods or commas since punctuation is not entirely clear from speech.
The assumption that Adams created his draft of the Declaration in response to a dictation or oration does not entirely explain the differences in words and phrases or the fact that the final Declaration is most similar to the Adams draft in this respect. It is possible that Adams inserted his own preferred words, and that he later argued for them in Congress as a member of the drafting committee. Some of the differences between drafts appear as corrections on the Jefferson rough draft (e.g., "denounces"), which would support this contention. Becker (1942/1972) suggests that the Adams draft includes some of Adams' corrections but not others because Adams produced it between two readings of Jefferson's rough draft, and returned to the rough draft later to make additional corrections (pp. 140-141).
With respect to punctuation marks and capitalisations, it is probable that some of the differences between Jefferson's draft and the Declaration were enacted by the printer or the engrosser of the Declaration. It is unlikely that the printer or engrosser saw the Adams draft because this was mailed to Abigail Adams in Massachusetts before Congress considered the Declaration.
All in all, the evidence suggests that the Adams draft copy of the Declaration of Independence was in fact a copy of the Jefferson rough draft, and that this copy was taken by dictation, likely after Adams had read and made some of his changes to Jefferson's rough draft.
Issues and Conclusions
This study had some potential limitations. It used electronic sources for several of the documents studied, but these were reputable sources which were backed up, in the case of the Declaration, by facsimiles. The age of the documents involved was not a serious issue for three reasons: the hit rate remained high (90%), previous research has suggested that the techniques employed here can also be used with older documents (Whissell & Sigelman, 2001), and all documents were from the same time frame, and therefore directly comparable to one another.
Analyses have lead to several conclusions with respect to the authorship of the Declaration of Independence and of the Adams draft copy. These conclusions are outlined below in the context of a multidimensional approach to the understanding of the authorship and its implications.
Stylistic and emotional analyses have laid the issue of authorship of the Declaration of Independence to rest. The writing style and emotionality of the document are those of Thomas Jefferson, who is the currently acknowledged author. They do not resemble those of any of the other contemporaries studied here, specifically not those of Thomas Paine. The handwritten Adams draft was also authored by Jefferson. When Jefferson used ideas propounded by others in writing the Declaration, he did so in his own emotion and style. This conclusion matches his recollections of the event, and also Adams' recollections. Adams seemed to believe that this interpretation of authorship should have restrained the praise and adulation directed at Jefferson as the "author" of the Declaration (McDonald, 1999).
In terms of the continuum of phrases discussed earlier, Jefferson likely "put the ideas of others, along with his own, into coherent form in his own words," and this with some help from Adams, Franklin, the drafting committee, and Congress who authorised the document. From the historic record of events, it is also clear that the author of the Declaration was not necessarily one and the same individual as the author of independence itself, and that the influence of the Declaration grew as later Americans began to look at it in retrospect. Adams' early and assertive public stance in respect to independence and his seconding of the motion for independence give him as strong a claim as Jefferson to the title of "author of independence".
The Adams draft copy of the Declaration was likely taken as dictation rather than being a literal transcription. It may have been taken after Adams had seen Jefferson's rough draft and suggested some corrections to it. The greater similarity of the Adams draft to the Declaration in terms of punctuation may be the result of editorial intervention, and its greater similarity in terms of language the result of Adams continued intervention in the process as a committee member and a member of Congress.
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This stock was trading higher in December. You got to know when to hold �em, know when to fold �em,Know when to walk away and know when to run.


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The Public Service Commission on earlier this month ordered all electric utility companies operating in West Virginia to file a petition to propose a comprehensive vegetation trimming program to maintain all rights-of-way over a proposed period of time.
Petitions for the programs are to be submitted to the Commission within six months. The proposals must cover all distribution and transmission lines on an "end-to-end, time-based cycle," based on the utility's specific operational and reliability targets.
The proposals also must indicate how the program will be coordinated with other entities that have facilities in the rights-of-way.
In its order, the Commission also required the companies to submit a proposed method for rate recovery of the increased costs that will be associated with the programs. The Commission orders stated that these future filings would be subject to public notice, comment and Commission Review.
This order closes a general investigation launched by the Commission for the purpose of looking into utility responses and practices following the June 29, 2012 derecho summer storm that left thousands of West Virginia utility customers without power for an extended period of time.
More information may be obtained from the PSC website: www.psc.state.wv.us and referencing Case No. 12-0993-E-T-W-GI.


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So I drank the koolaide and gave in after over a year of hearing rave reviews for this product. And I wasn't a fan. And I think that finishing powders just aren't my thing-probably because I have combo to oily skin. I find that I'm oily enough that I have to use a mattifying powder. So I apply my foundation and use a setting powder. To then put a finishing powder on top doesn't really do anything for me. I'm pretty sure the finishing powder works better just on top of the foundation but I'm too oily to do that.
I got diffused light, a pale yellow powder. The texture is nice, the packaging is nice. It's talc free. All things I love. When I buff it into my skin after foundation, it looks nice but only for a very short time (like an hour). Buffing it on top of a mattifying powder is just silly as you really can't see this powder at all.
At the end of the day, this is a very expensive powder that has no lasting power and that I can't tell a difference after I use it. I give it 3 lippies because I consider that an average product. I think if you have dry and or dull looking skin, it may possibly be worth it for you. For me, no. I'm considering trying the luminous one as a highlighter but I will not try any others as all over face powders. I returned this one actually. The NARS crystal reflecting powder is probably my best bet to get a finishing powder because as a silica powder it's really helps with oil control. Of note, I tried guerlain meteroites and they did slightly more for me than hourglass but have talc which made me crazy itchy.
I was really disappointed with this product. I planned to use this as my finishing powder but it gave me sort of a dull, ashy look. It is nothing special, mostly all hype. It is expensive and even if it didn't give me an ashy, dull look, the quality and sheerness of this powder itself is not any better than what I use now, MUFE.
Don't waste your money.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
This product has a cool concept, it is able to manipulate how your skin looks under different lighting. Each powder has a different tone to make your skin look the most flattering under harsh lighting. The first color I bought was dim light and it had a blurring effect which made my skin look perfect however it was too dark on my skin in natural lighting. Since this product is so expensive, I wanted one that I can use any time of the day. So then I bought diffused light which is a pale yellow color with light shimmers. This one is perfect. It set my foundation while blurring pores and cancelling out some redness. I very lightly dust this over my entire face after applying my foundation. It made my otherwise matte foundation look dewy and natural. My skin looked glowy but not fake in direct sunlight and natural lighting. It also looks amazing in dim lighting as it brightens my complexion. The other colors seem too light and frosted for me, I might try them on the future. But for now, I would definitely repurchase the diffused light.
yiiiikes these looked so garish on me. I wanted to love these and couldn't believe I couldn't find even one color to work with. I'm NC20.
Dim Light- too dark, looked kind of bruisy. Maybe if you cover the whole face with it it'd be a different story, but it was very dark for me.
Diffused Light-ugllllyyy wayy too light!! Put it all over my face and had to wash it off because I looked washed out and just hideous.
Mood Light- what kind of mood? I'd have to say a sad one. This was bruisy and too purple. This is more like a sad blush.
Luminous Light- too many sparkles and very pink. Would maybe work with a touch here or there, but not worth the money and better looking with a non-powder formula.
The powder is silky and soft...but these just didn't work for whatever reason. Couldn't believe it. I think the palette could be more effective, using just a touch here or there, but I'm not planning on attending the Grammy's or Oscar's any time soon and wasting time mixing these around my face. There are better highlighting products out there.
Summary "Twilight." New name suggestion : Edward's Twilight Lighting Powder.
I bought the limited-edition trio and even though it was expensive, I did not regret it. I swipe a large powder brush on the 3 shades mixed together, then dust it all over my face after I've finished my makeup and it really makes my skin look airbrushed, it's amazing! It gives a gorgeous glow without looking shiny.
I am in love with this powder. I have the shade Dim Light and it is gorgeous. It makes my skin look so good in natural lighting. I dust this over my skin as a finishing powder and makes me skin look better and blurs my imperfections whilst giving my skin a nice sheen like im glowing. The packaging is beautiful and for the price of AUD$62 you get alot of product so its worth it.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I'm in love with these powders and Hourglass! I have diffused and luminous light. Diffused I use under my eyes and it give the perfect brightening glow. I usually use luminous light all over for that "lit from within glow." When choosing these powders, it's best to play with them in the store. If still unsure, have a MUA at sephora help you. They really do look and do different things depending on your skin tone. I've found them best used at the end of my makeup routine after I've set my foundation. If you get the right shade and find your best use for your complexion, you won't want to leave home without them. :)
I've jonesing this product for over a year, but could never feel good about ponying up $45 for just a powder. I even got the poor man's version of this, the Wet n' Wild "Reserve your Cabana" highlighter in the vain hope of emulating the effect this powder has. I got the "Dim Light" color because it seemed the most versatile.
Now I really don't know anything about the science behind the powder and I really don't care. It simply makes your skin look refined and vaguely opalescent like the models you see in skincare ads in Vogue magazine. It gives me a rosier glow; I have yellow undertones and pronounced pores (read: crater-like) on my nose and cheeks.
Is it worth the $45? For a person with naturally beautiful skin, probably not. In the end, it's really just a very well made, high quality highlighter. It takes very little to brush on and it appears to last for the majority of the day. Like other reviewers mentioned, if you have money to burn, go and get this.
The WnW powder is not bad per se, just not as finely milled as this one appears to be. And it doesn't have the breadth of color that the Hourglass one does. The Hourglass Dim Light could easily replace foundation or tinted moisturizer on a good skin day. I hope this helps someone figure out if they should part with their $45 or not:).
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I got all six shades and I will review them individually as well as here. What I would say is these powders look best in the opposite light you're going to be in. For example, Dim Light looks best in lighted situations like florescent light since fluorescent light can be really harsh, this makes you look like your features are softened similarly to how they would be in dim light. Oppositely, I would use one of the lighter shades, like Diffused light if I was going to be in dim light to brighten my complexion up. So far I like the texture of the powders and find them relatively easy to work with, keeping in mind that Radiant and Luminous can be the easily overdone and look overly shimmery when a heavy hand is used. For the most part you have to be careful with these powders because you can quickly overdo it. I would choose a soft powder brush and lightly tap it into the product and tap it off before applying. I think the key to them looking natural is a very light application. Otherwise they would alter the shade of your skin and look fake and awkward. Hourglass nailed the intended light also, which I think is very clever and more advanced than typical makeup, therefore making it worth the price tag. I will update as I play more, but so far, I am loving these. UPDATE: My favorite of all the powders is Dim Light. This is the most flattering to my complexion out of all the powders. It really makes my skin look nearly perfect. Definite repurchase on this one. Next favorite is Luminous Light because it's such a neutral shade that brings illumination to the skin. Radiant is my third favorite because it adds some warmth when I'm looking drab. Mood Light is my fourth favorite because it brightens the complexion when I'm looking tired. Diffused and Ethereal are my last favorites, respectively. because I don't think Diffused is that special; it's a yellowish powder that cancels redness and is easily dupe-able imo and Ethereal can really make me look pale because it's such a light shade. I only use it at night and even at that, not very often.
9 out of 9 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I tried this in Dim, Mood and Ethereal. I ended up returning all three. I tried applying it different ways and couldn't see what all the fuss is about. It settles into pores. You're supposed to lightly sweep it on and it's hardly noticeable. By putting a little more on of the Dim and Mood, it was too dark for my skin. The Dim and Mood looked nice as a blush but why would I pay $50 for a blush? I just didn't see the points of these expensive powders that don't do much.
4 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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News & Events
2012 Butler Award for Library Faculty Service. Professor Wu joined the Library in 2005 as the Reference and Instruction Librarian for Business and Economics. "Kerry is an extremely talented and dedicated librarian who gets rave reviews from faculty and students in her liaison area at the School of Business Administration," stated Interim University Librarian Lynn Chmelir. "A faculty member recently told me he thinks she must be `the best business librarian in the country'!" Her library faculty colleagues who nominated her said, "[Kerry] has built a laudable reputation through her spirit of collaboration, her unflagging support of students, and her creation of learning objects and research tools for faculty and students that also that also demonstrably assist her colleagues in carrying out their reference and instruction responsibilities." Professor Emeritus Kenneth W. Butler and his wife Elsie W. Butler established a fund to recognize outstanding performance by a member of the Portland State University Library faculty each year. The award recognizes excellence of library service to students, faculty, and other patrons of the University Library. Professor Butler retired from the faculty of the Portland State University in 1987, after 33 years of dedicated service. During that time he helped guide the growth and development of the Library in a variety of roles, including two periods during which he was Acting Director. While both Professor Emeritus Butler and his wife have passed away, their daughters continue to support the award in their honor.


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Servings: 2 loaves, 12 servings per loaf
Prep Time: 25 min
Cook Time: 1 hour 10 min
Difficulty: Easy
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 1/2 cups whole-wheat flour
1 1/2 cups sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon baking soda
1 cup plain 0% Greek yogurt
1/2 cup canola oil
2 large eggs
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
2 cups shredded zucchini
1 Granny Smith apple, grated
1/2 cup semisweet chocolate chips
1/2 cup chopped pecans
Preheat the oven to 325°F. Spray two 8 1/2 x 4 1/2-inch loaf pans with nonstick spray.
Whisk the all-purpose flour, whole-wheat flour, sugar, cinnamon, baking powder, salt, and baking soda together in a large bowl. Whisk the yogurt, oil, eggs, and vanilla, together in a medium bowl. Add the yogurt mixture to the flour mixture; stir just until the flour mixture is moistened. Stir in the zucchini, apple, chocolate chips, and pecans just until combined.
Divide the batter evenly among the pans. Bake until a toothpick inserted into the center out clean, about 1 hour 10 minutes. Let cool in the pans on a rack 10 minutes. Remove from pans and cool completely on the rack.
Original recipe courtesy Paula Deen: Chocolate Chip Zucchini Bread
Recipe Courtesy of Bobby and Jamie Deen


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By Phyllis Zorn, Staff Writer
Enid News and Eagle
One of the largest prizes available for scientific research on diabetes has been established by former Enid businessman Harold Hamm and the Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at the University of Oklahoma.
Hamm is chairman and chief executive officer of Continental Resources, which was started in Enid. Hamm has moved company headquarters to Oklahoma City.
The $250,000 Harold Hamm International Prize for Biomedical Research in Diabetes was announced in Philadelphia by Hamm and David Boren, president of the University of Oklahoma, just prior to the opening of the American Diabetes Associa-tion's 72nd Scientific Sessions.
The goal is to stimulate research to find a cure for diabetes.
"My hope is that by launching this major new international research prize, we will light a worldwide fire of scientific innovation toward finding a cure for diabetes within this generation," Hamm said. "I'm excited to be part of this next chapter in the fight against diabetes and to see the outstanding new research the prize search will encourage and recognize."
The Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at the University of Oklahoma is a comprehensive center of excellence integrating novel research, world-class patient care and large-scale prevention programs. The center is located in Oklahoma City.
Officials expect to announce the winner of the award next spring.
Both Hamm and Boren have Type 2 diabetes, and are passionate about diabetes research and care.
"We can no longer ignore the growing global epidemic that is having a devastating impact on young and old alike, and costing health systems worldwide billions of dollars each year," Boren said. "At the Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, we are on a mission to find a cure for diabetes and provide those suffering from the disease with dramatically improved clinical care. Our doctors are dedicated and focused on this mission, and the establishment of the Harold Hamm International Prize for Biomedical Research in Diabetes will help us extend our reach to support and recognize others who share our passion. I would like to thank Harold Hamm, whose generosity and personal commitment to improving the lives of those with diabetes has led to the establishment of this important prize."
The Harold Hamm International Prize will be awarded biennially to a laureate selected by a rotating jury of national and international leaders in the field of diabetes.
The winners will be selected solely on the basis of scientific merit, recognizing scientific breakthroughs in the field of diabetes, with special emphasis on progress toward a cure. Individual researchers, teams of researchers and research institutions are eligible for nomination by the jury.
According to the International Diabetes Foundation, there were 366 million people worldwide with diabetes in 2011. By 2030, that number is projected to grow to 552 million.
Oklahoma ranks in the top four in the nation in diabetes prevalence.
According to Oklahoma State Department of Health, 304,500 adult Oklahomans have been diagnosed with diabetes and another 124,400 have the disease but have not been diagnosed. OSDH estimates diabetes costs the state more than $3 billion a year.
To learn more about the prize, go to www.HaroldHammPrize.org.


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Greg Oden has been on the comeback trail. After the Blazers cut him, he decided to go back to school (good move) and get his knee healthy.
While Oden isn't expected to play a minute in the 2012-13 season he reportedly is looking to get signed to a multi-year deal to continue his rehab with a pro club. Word is the Miami Heat are interested…
ESPN: "Nearly a year removed from his latest knee surgery, former No. 1 overall pick Greg Oden has decided to resume his playing career but is not planning to return to the NBA before the 2013-14 season, according to sources close to the situation. Sources said that multiple teams have already expressed interest in signing Oden to a multi-year deal before the end of this season that would allow him to continue his rehab until he can get back on the court in training camp next fall.
The Miami Heat are at the front of the line in pursuing Oden, two sources said, and have been keeping tabs as he recovers while also taking classes at Ohio State. Sources say that the Heat, though, are not alone in their pursuit of the former No. 1 overall pick. The Heat potentially could have two roster spots available this season, one of which Oden could slide into as he continues to rehab. Team president Pat Riley is known to like gambling on long shots, especially when it comes to big men."


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Do you need public school alternatives??
Have you considered making the homeschool choice? Choosing to homeschool is a life changing decision for the entire family. Parents have the burden of responsibility to educate their children.
You know homeschooling is a great education choice, but it's not easy, because it is much like the old fashioned one . . . → Read More: MAKING THE HOMESCHOOL CHOICE