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The two Buddhas were enormous, soaring much higher than she had imagined from all the photos she'd seen of them. Chiseled into a sun-bleached rock cliff, they peered down at them, as they had nearly two thousand years before, Laila imagined, at caravans crossing the valley on the Silk Road. On either side of them, along the overhanging niche, the cliff was pocked with myriad caves.
A Fusion of Cultures from China to Greece
The two Buddha — one was 165 feet high, the other 114 feet — were carved into the sandstone face of the mountain at Bamyan, most likely in the seventh century A.D. by Buddhist monks, thousands of whom once lived in the caves and grottoes along the two colossi. (For years the sculptures were dated to the second or third century, until art historian Deborah Klimburg-Salter in 1989 convincingly set the statue's origin in the seventh century.) With their flowing Greek robes draped in stone over the familiar look of sub-continental Buddhas, the sculptures were a sublime fusion of the Hellenic influence on the region dating back to Alexander the Great's conquests around 330 B.C. and the South Asian influence that prevailed until the Arab-Muslim conquests of the 9th century.
"The art," The New York Times Holland Cotter wrote in 2001, "is a compendium of ancient styles, from India, Persia and Gandhara, where Greco-Roman-inspired traditions survived. For years the Buddhas were dated the fifth century and assumed to be prototypes for rock-cut sculpture in China, notably in the caves at Dunhuang.
Afghanistan's Hazara Minority at Bamiyan
In the 1990s the caves were filled with mostly Shiite refugees fleeing the civil war raging in Kabul and many other places in Afghanistan. The Bamiyan region is predominantly Hazara, an ethnic minority of Shiites, 3 to 4 million of whom have historically stayed autonomous from Afghanistan's other ethnic groups, especially the Pashtun. Thousands of Hazara were killed by in 1893 by the Pashtun King Abdul Rehman, thousands more reduced to serfdom or outright slavery at Pashtun hands.
Beginning in 1994, the Hazara's new enemies were the Taliban, whose perverse version of Sunni Islam doesn't recognize Shiites as Muslims; worse: the Taliban resented the relative freedoms that Shiite Hazaras afforded women, who took part in the Bamiyan Valley's politics, its militias and social enterprises. The Taliban's enmity toward the Hazara of Bamiyan was immediately brutal.
The Taliban vs. the Statues
In 1998, a Taliban commander fired grenades at the smaller statue, knocking off its upper half. The Taliban bombed the mountain above the statues frequently, cracking the niches that held the statues and damaging the colossi further. By winter 2001, pleas were raining down on the Taliban from around the world to spare the statues. Pleaders included the Buddhist Thai monarchy and Sri Lanka, itself home to a set of giant Buddha statues. "Unesco, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and a leading Islamic scholar in Cairo were also among those begging the Taliban not to carry out their threat to the Bamiyan statues and other Buddha images in museums across the country," wrote Barbara Crossette in The New York Times.
To no avail.
On Feb. 26, 2001, the Taliban's supreme leader, Mullah Mohammad Omar, declared that "these idols have been gods of the infidels" and ordered them destroyed. By early March, the statues were rubble.
A Postscript
In September 2008, archeologists bin Bamiyan unearthed a 62-foot Buddha statue, along with other relics, near the demolished statues. The unearthed statue of the badly damaged Buddha, which was in a sleeping position, was dated to the third century. The 88 other relics included coins and ceramics.


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Updated June 20, 2014Patagonia – A Good Wine Country Base
When we stayed at the Spirit Tree Inn in Patagonia, Arizona we were in a perfect place to begin a journey into the Southern Arizona Wine Country. We planned for a day of photography and tasting.
Getting There
The Wine Country is about 55 miles from Tucson, Arizona. The areas you will want to visit are Sonoita and Elgin and the beautiful rolling countryside in between. The loop takes you from Highway 82 (running between Sierra Vista and Patagonia) along Upper Elgin Road, Elgin Road and Lower Elgin Road. To get your bearings, I recommend picking up a "Wineries of Sonoita" flyer in Patagonia or reviewing the Arizona Wine Country Website. Print out this great winery map.
What to Take
Depending on the time of year, you may need a jacket to protect you from the wind on the open plains. A picnic lunch would be a nice addition to your gear and a cooler for your wine purchases is recommended during warm weather. Take your map with you so you won't miss any of the tasting rooms.
About Wine Country
The first experimental vineyard was established in 1973. Arizona wines have gained an international reputation. There are 14 vineyards and wineries. According to the Arizona Wine Grower's Association, climate and soil studies have revealed that this region is similar to Ribera Del Duero, Spain, Southeastern Australia, Southern France and is almost identical to that of Paso Robles, California.
One of the first things you will notice about Arizona Wine Country is that it isn't like the Napa or Sonoma Valleys of California. There are no crowds, no in-your-face commercialization and you will drive along windswept plains from winery to winery. Some of them are so simple that they don't have signs on the tasting room! But as you travel you will find that you have discovered a diamond in the rough. The wine growers in the area know their business and are slowly earning a world-wide reputation.
About Wine Tasting
The flyer, "Wineries of Sonoita" lists the tasting rooms that offer a "glass discount." When you arrive at the first tasting room, you will be offered a tasting for about $3.00. This includes a glass. If you accept the plain tasting glass, you can take it to other wineries and be charged a dollar less for the tasting. Wineries participating in the glass discount are:
- Dos Cabezas Wine Works
- Rancho Rossa Vineyards
- Sonoita Vinyards
- Callaghan Vineyeards
We drove "the back way" from Patagonia enjoying the views and vastness of the windswept plains. It was April and the grasses were a lovely light flaxen color. As we drove, my friend pointed out the mountains of Mexico. We were indeed in the borderlands. Having said that, we saw only one border patrol vehicle the whole day and quite a few vans of tourist tasters who were being driven from winery to winery.
Sonoita Vineyards
Our first stop was at Sonoita Vineyards, the original 1973 experimental vineyard founded by A. Blake Brophy and Dr. Gordon Dutt. The tasting room was simple and was situated on a hill overlooking the rolling plains. It is a two story building and we heard that there is room upstairs for wedding receptions and large meetings. There were places to sit outside and enjoy the view on a less windy day. The $3.00 tasting charge was explained and a group of us made our way from the whites to the reds enjoying the stories of the host.
Of course, they have some award-winning wines, but what I remember most are the stories about the wines with the unusual names… Arizona Sunset, a lovely rose, and Angel Wings, chosen as a communion wine. My favorite was the Sonora Rossa, a Chianti-style wine which would be good served with a nice pasta with marinara sauce. It was lighter than most Chiantis. Winery Website
Callaghan Vineyards
As we approached the small tasting room at Callaghan, we suspected this was a special place. Although there was no name on the tasting room, wine lovers apparently were able to find it without a problem. There were quite a few cars in the parking lot. People were leaving the tasting room with heavy cases of wines.
We went inside and saw that the Callaghan family, Kent, Lisa and their daughter were swamped. Kent and Lisa poured and their young daughter swiped credit cards. The atmosphere was one of a friendly party in a small home.
The wines of The Callaghan Vineyards, founded in 1988, have received praise from wine critics. One of their wines was served at Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's retirement dinner. No wonder people had come from near and far to visit the winery.
We made our way through a few recommended wines and I stopped…. The "Z5" had to be one of the best red wines I had tasted… anywhere! This blend of 56% Zinfandel, 22% Mourvedre and 22% Cabernet Sauvignon, was as smooth as they come. I am no wine expert and I tend to stick to only the more affordable wines, but I snapped up two bottles to take home to serve with beefy Mexican dishes.
We noticed that the wine had a screw cap. Callaghan has taken the screw cap plunge. He is convinced that wine ages better. According to Kent, "In fact, in my view, the research suggests that if you want wine to age well, screwcaps are the best closure to use." And, they ship their wine. You can order online. Vineyards Website.
The Rock and Roll Winery
My friend said she was taking me to a "rock and roll winery" so my interest was piqued. As we headed into Rancho Rossa Vineyards, we passed beautiful young grape vines all carefully pruned. Again, we entered a simple tasting room with no signage. The friendly owner was there pouring. She was very busy so we perused the walls with Rock and Roll photos and posters. Amazingly, rock and roll music was not blaring in the tasting room and the wines didn't have cutesy rock and roll names.
Quality wines come from this 17 acre vineyard. Their 2004 Syrah won the 2005 Governor's Choice Award for Best Red Wine in the state. Rancho Rossa also ships wines and has a Wine Buyers Club. Vineyards Website.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mannix Porterfield
CHARLESTON — Rick Wilson held aloft a fiddle Monday, recalling the legend of Nero playing while Rome burned.
Actually, there were no violins in A.D. 64 when the deranged emperor allowed the ancient city to go up in flames.
That was not the point, said Wilson, director of the American Friends Service Committee of the West Virginia Economic Justice Project.
"Something is burning, and this is no time to fiddle around," the former volunteer firefighter declared in support of Gov. Joe Manchin's bill to shore up the struggling unemployment fund.
Wilson gathered a coalition of labor, advocacy groups, clergy and the NAACP to endorse SB246, now in the hands of the House of Delegates. The measure has incurred strong criticism by the state Chamber of Commerce on grounds it would hurt West Virginia businesses.
Since last year, Wilson noted, the jobless rate in West Virginia has soared from 4.3 percent to 7.5 percent, "and we haven't hit bottom yet."
"More and more families are being hit by this," Wilson said. "More and more people are being hurt. This is no time to be fiddling around. We need to put out this fire."
Before the session ends Saturday, however, the House of Delegates is likely to do much fiddling with the bill.
Judiciary members took it up Monday, and from there, House Minority Leader Tim Armstead, R-Kanawha, wants to see a public hearing when it reaches the finance committee.
That panel's former chairman, Delegate Harold Michael, D-Hardy, dislikes the governor's proposal to impose surcharges on employers and workers alike to help stabilize the fund.
Michael said he wants to see some alternative financing methods explored before the bill is sent to Manchin's desk.
Manchin also is seeking to move the taxable threshold of wages when employers pay from $8,000 to $12,000. That would fall back to $10,000 once the fund is stable under the proposed new legislation.
The idea is to keep the fund from falling below $180 million, and preferably kept near the $220 million level.
In recent weeks, more storm clouds have gathered. Manchin was forced to downsize revenue estimates by $200 million and impose a hiring freeze in state government.
Wilson and others at a news conference see a sense of urgency in putting the fund on solid footing.
"Labor's concern is that some in the business community have totally forgotten the lessons learned from the Great Depression of the last century," he said. "The business community will never find a good time to properly fund the unemployment compensation program," he said.
If the Legislature fails on this bill, predicted Paul Miller, representing the West Virginia Center on Budget and Policy, the fund will go belly up by the third quarter of next year.
"It's not a matter of if; it's a matter of when," he added.
Angie Rosser, representing the West Virginia Coalition Against Domestic Violence, said the Senate bill would have a positive effect on victims she represents.
Violence haunts victims in the work place, exposing them to abuse, harassment, and terrorism, Rosser said.
She suggested one reform providing temporary assistance for anyone forced out of the work site by a stalker or abuser.
The Rev. James Patterson of the Institute Church of the Nazarene told reporters that "a great deal of people in my community" hold part-time jobs.
"This legislation and subsequent reforms should allow these people to have some safety nets and funds that see their families and children through this economic downturn that we're facing," the pastor added.


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House Gives Final OK to Hepatitis Bill
The House approved and sent to the governor Wednesday a bill sponsored by Knoxville lawmakers that imposes a $1,000 fine on persons who knowingly expose others to hepatitis types B and C.
The House approved the bill (SB52) by Rep. Steve Hall and Sen. Stacey Campfield, both Knoxville Republicans, on a 92-1 vote. The Senate approved it earlier 31-0.
The bill would make it a misdemeanor crime for someone who has hepatitis, types B or C, to knowingly expose another person to infection through "intimate contact," including sexual relations or sharing needles for drug injections. A similar law is now in place for those who knowingly expose another person to HIV virus and is punishable by imprisonment.
But to avoid a "fiscal note," Campfield said earlier he reluctantly decided to set the maximum penalty at a fine of $1,000. The bill also gives a person infected with hepatitis the right to sue the person who infected him or her for medical expenses and other losses.


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By C.V. Moore
Register-Herald Reporter
A new family of bakers recently relaunched Wild Flour Bakery in Fayetteville, keeping the cafe's standby treats like cream horns and cake balls, while adding some specialties of their own.
The bakery recently shut down for a week of remodeling, as new owner Jennifer Salvatore and her family worked around the clock to paint, upgrade and make the space their own.
Salvatore says she has had plenty of help from her family as she begins this new chapter in life.
Her stepfather, Terry Wade, made a beautiful wooden counter and is in the process of creating handmade tabletops. He and Salvatore's mother, Suzanne Johnson, also work in the kitchen. A brother-in-law likewise lent a hand with his electrical skills.
"I had a lot of little experts to help. We did it all ourselves and everybody pitched in," she says.
The family is no stranger to the lunch counter. They used to own and run a local Dairy Queen.
"This sort of takes us back to those days when we dove right in," she says.
The business is Salvatore's first venture since she quit work after her second daughter, Addison, 5, was born.
For the last several years, she has been baking cakes on the side for family and friends, using a recipe for buttercream icing passed down from her aunt. Eventually she was approached about selling them, which she did, successfully.
Previous Wild Flour owners, Angela and Lee Smith, knew of Salvatore's baking reputation and approached her about buying the business.
At the time, Salvatore was weighing all options. She wanted to get back into the work force, but didn't want to drive all the way to Charleston for employment.
"That's when this came to me," she says. "I thought it might be a good fit. They had a great business and I just saw a lot of potential.
"It was a big leap," she says. Prayer and a sense that "things were falling into place" allowed her to make the move, but there were other considerations as well.
"I also have to think about my girls' schedules with school. We're open 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., so it fits pretty well into their day."
At least that's the plan. It hasn't exactly worked out that way so far, but the business is only a week old and Salvatore says right now she's "just learning the ropes."
"Just starting out is overwhelming, but it's getting there," she says.
Salvatore, a resident of Fayetteville since 1979, bought the recipes, name, and logo for the business from the Smiths, who recently moved to Johnson City, Tenn., where they plan to open another bakery.
Some of the recipes at Wild Flour were handed down from Angela Smith's grandmother, says Salvatore, and others were developed and tested by the previous owners. The blueberry cream cheese coffeecake remains a popular treat.
"And then we've already changed and added and are developing our own," she says. "What I'm calling my signature cupcake is the buttercream, which is the whole reason I was really baking and getting into this."
The recipe for the rich, melt-in-your-mouth topping is a family secret.
"I've always enjoyed baking," says Salvatore. "When I was a teenager, I was the one who baked in the family."
Wild Flour does a brisk lunch business in the center of the county seat, across from the courthouse, bank, post office and other landmarks. Fayetteville's professionals flock there for sandwiches and hot dogs on the fly.
Salvatore says it's good for working people who just need a quick lunch. Some come in multiple times a week, even daily.
In addition to the sandwich combos and homemade chili dogs, the owner has been experimenting with specials for variety.
Salvatore says the most rewarding aspect of business ownership so far has been meeting so many people in the community from behind the counter.
In addition to sweet treats and lunchtime savories, Wild Flour also serves specialty coffee drinks and breakfast sandwiches.
— E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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'The Great Gatsby': Are Workers Better Off Today Than They Were In The 1920s?
It's probably no coincidence that Hollywood has decided to turn F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 classic, The Great Gatsby, into a new movie (released Friday). The book famously depicts the lavish living and fancy galas of high-income earners in America's Roaring 1920s. Fast forward 90 years to another era of income... Read More »


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Nickelback 4 Ever.
Today, I had the idea that Nickelback could become a timeless band, for all generations to make connections with. After this thought, I had a jam session to This is How you Remind Me, and went on to make sweet love to my girlfriend.
Best Day Ever.


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RALEIGH — So thorough was North Carolina's dominance in a 74-55 win over N.C. State on Jan. 26 in Chapel Hill that it is almost impossible to cite one single decisive factor in the outcome.
An accurate reflection of what happened could even be found in the minutes-played stats. Only two Tar Heels -- playmaker Kendall Marshall and then-new starter Reggie Bullock -- were used for more than 28 minutes.
UNC coach Roy Williams simply didn't need extensive court time from frontcourt starters Tyler Zeller, John Henson and Harrison Barnes, who combined for 19 field goals on 33 shots.
But Wolfpack coach Mark Gottfried has had ample to time to sort through the Jan. 26 debris and concluded that the biggest single problem for his team was a 48-21 rebounding deficit.
"They're such a great rebounding team with their length and their talent that when all the dust settles, my opinion is you just have to find a way to keep them off the backboards," Gottfried said Monday.
"Sometimes their best offense is a missed shot - just miss it and go get it ... it's just hard to keep them from getting offensive rebounds. I think that's probably going to be the biggest key to this game."
With today's return game against the Tar Heels (23-4, 10-2 ACC) coming so quickly after the Pack's 76-62 loss to Florida State and UNC's 74-52 win over Clemson on Saturday, there's not an abundance of game-planning time.
The Pack (18-9, 7-5) didn't practice Sunday. The coaches and support staff locked away the balls Saturday night in an effort to prevent players - Scott Wood specifically - from a self-imposed marathon shot-honing session.
Normally among the most accurate spot shooters in the ACC, Wood has missed 15 of his past 17 shots and was only 4-for-12 in the first game against the Tar Heels.
Gottfried said he thought Wood looked tired against the Seminoles and although no one in the Pack's camp was happy with the performance, there was no thought of a penalty practice session.
"All of our practices are fairly demanding," Gottfried said. "But we are now late into February. There's a fine line between ... punishing guys and balancing that with the understanding that when you get to late February, the dye is cast somewhat with your team.
"We are who we are. We have to get better in certain areas, but my mindset is on teaching and preparing for Carolina rather than dwelling too much on what happened Saturday."
Logically, there's sound reason to think the Heels will have a more difficult time winning big in the RBC Center than in the Smith Center.
It's for certain NCSU has a great deal more to gain given its fragile situation in the NCAA tournament speculation.
But Gottfried pointed out Monday that the Heels haven't changed over the past 30 days. And neither has the Pack.
Tudor: 919-829-8946


text: Igneus InterruptusIn your first look at the Honda CBR1000RR, you mention that the ignition interrupt is for upshifting under power, like a quick-shifter. Other magazines, including your sister publication Sport Rider, say the ignition interrupt is for traction control. Which is it?Travis MarshallVia e-mail Let us invoke the spirit of Soichiro Honda with a reading from the '08 CBR1000RR press kit: "In essence, Ignition Interruption Control uses sophisticated ignition mapping to reduce abrupt transitions and the shock forces generated as gearset and driveline lash is taken up at small throttle openings. Sensors compare engine speed to the speed of countershaft sprocket rotation and also factor in the degree of throttle opening. When engine speed surpasses countershaft speed by a predetermined threshold, Ignition Interruption Control interrupts some ignition pulses. In addition, the amount of interrupt is specifically programmed according to the gear selected-each of the six gearbox speeds has its own profile. This interruption allows a more gradual buildup of power, which reduces the shock forces that would otherwise be felt as a surge of driveline lash. However, all this begins and ends within milliseconds-the rider never consciously feels the brief interruption. Instead, it simply feels as though throttle applications occur with regular and remarkable smoothness." Translation? It's not traction control in any orthodox sense. More likely a way to smooth the segue from a closed to cracked throttle in the face of lean mixtures mandated by current squeaky-clean emissions regulations. Aaron Frank's First Ride reveals everything else about the maximum CBR elsewhere in this issue. « | 1 | 2 | View Full Article By Tim Carrithers Enjoyed this Post? Subscribe to our RSS Feed, or use your favorite social media to recommend us to friends and colleagues!


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The banks didn't like the idea, and it was abandoned by the Obama Administration for something called the Volcker rule, which puts limits on how much commercial deposits investment banks can gamble. (The Volcker rule itself was watered down to please Wall Street. Two great articles here and here explain it.)
Suzan DelBene, the Democrat challenging Republican U.S. Rep. Dave Reichert, has, to her credit, criticized Obama's Wall Street reform from the left, saying she wants to reinstate Glass-Steagall.
On Saturday, Rep. Reichert, for his part, was caught at a candidate forum at the Newcastle chamber, clueless as to what Glass-Steagall even is.
From the vid:
Question from the audience: "I agree with you that overregulation is not a good thing, but do you think that they should reinstate The Glass-Steagall Act and at least separate the banks' ability to gamble with our money?"
"Well, the Glass-Steagall Act is one that I'm not familiar with. I'm sorry I have to go back and look at that, but I do agree it's something that we haven't dealt with on the House side in committees that I've had, so I'd be happy to look at that and come back and give you an answer on that."
When we interviewed DelBene on video in June, she pushed Glass-Steagall.


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18.0 cu. ft. Top Freezer Refrigerator with 2 Glass Shelves, Full Width Freezer Shelf, Clear Dairy Compartment, 2 Humidity Crispers and Reversible Door
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14.8 cu. ft. Top Freezer Refrigerator with 2 Sliding Wire Shelves, Store-More Gallon Door Bins, Full-Width Freezer Rack and Ready-Select Controls
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Put your business on a path to success! Learn from the experts who have worked in the trenches and know first-hand what works and what doesn't. For your convenience our event schedules are presented in a visual calendar format that allows you to select subsets that may be of particular interest to you.
Seminars & Workshops are available on topics important to small business owners. All instructors are experienced professionals in their field. Seminars are held in Warren, Sussex and Morris counties. Our regular workshop topics are listed below. Additionally we feature events produced by our direct sponsors:
Look for our display of Sponsor and Partner events which will soon be highlighted on this site
Affiliated Events are presented on their own calendar. Click on the adjacent tab for a schedule of these offerings. Partnering with other organizations allows NW-NJSBDC to offer a broader range of topics that may be appropriate for certain vertical markets, focused on timely business issues or geared to specific levels of business sophistication. Currently our partners include: NJSBDC Specialty programs (such as Procurement, International Trade, Technology Commercialization, and e-Commerce), Disaster Recovery (SBA) and Centenary College (including Theater and Athletic events).
Webinars covering topics relevant to Small Businesses (developed by our Center, NJSBDC, SBA and other partners) are included to provide a wide-range of delivery methods for the small business owner or senior manager within the business.
Webinars covering topics relevant to Small Businesses (developed by our Center, NJSBDC, SBA and other partners) are included to provide a wide-range of delivery methods for the small business owner or senior manager within the business.
Seminars include topics that address the following areas:
To make arrangements for a specialized workshop or customized training for your staff,
call NW-NJSBDC at 908-269-8475 or send us an email
Refund Policy
We will be happy to offer you a refund or apply payment to another class of your choice if you withdraw three business days prior to the start of class. All refunds, unless the SBDC cancels the class, will incur a $15 processing fee. Checks unable to be processed with incur a $25 fee.
We reserve the right to cancel classes at the discretion of the SBDC. Students will be notified by phone or by e-mail. Tuition and fees are fully refunded when the course is cancelled by the SBDC.
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Summit Christian Academy will host the second annual International Festival from 4:30-8:30 p.m. Feb. 18 at the SCA Elementary School, 1450 S.W. Jefferson in Lee's Summit.
This is the second year for the festival. Nearly 500 were in attendance last year.
Those attending will travel through the continents and experience music, art, mission projects, games and sample food from around the world. Experience a parade of flags and costumes from countries, including South Korea, China, Peru, Brazil, Uganda, Spain, and many more.
"We live in a world where we are globally connected," said SCA International Director Kathy Tharp. "SCA believes it is important to build knowledge and understanding of cultures around the world. This event will give students, families and the community the opportunity to have a glimpse and taste of other countries without leaving the area. It will be a wonderful event for families."
Prices for tickets purchased in advance are adult-$10, student-$5, family-$30 or at the door, are adult $12, student $6, and family $36.
For information on how you can be a vendor, sponsor, or country presenter, please contact Festival Coordinator, Linabelle Finnegan at firstname.lastname@example.com or Kathy Tharp at 816-525-1480.


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Teaching with Technology
Sakai is the standard Learning Management System (LMS) at Loyola. It is a flexible, open-source collaborative learning environment that provides faculty and students with tools to support teaching and learning activities. Extensive documentation and individual or small group consultation is available.
ITRS supports a wide variety of electronic classrooms and learning spaces at both the Lake Shore Campus and Water Tower Campus. Extensive documentation and individual or small group documentation is available. Limited support is also provided for the Retreat & Ecology Campus in Woodstock, Health Sciences Division in Maywod, and Cuneo Mansion & Gardens in Vernon Hills.
Adobe Connect
Adobe Connect is the web conferencing solution at Loyola. It is used to conduct synchronous online class sessions, webinars, and meetings. Both internal and external documentation is available, as well as extensive training and consultation for faculty.
"Clicker" is a simple term used to describe a wireless handheld device that is used for polling participants during classes or meetings. Loyola has partnered with i>clicker to serve as the preferred university-wide vendor. Faculty can check out clicker kits on a semester basis. Extensive documentation and individual or small group consultation is available.
VoiceThread was recently adopted at Loyola as a collaborative communication tool which allows participants to comment in a number of ways (e.g., text, audio, video). Individual or small group consultation is now available. Documentation and additional information coming soon.
Panopto software provides an all-in-one interface to record screen content and video of the instructor simultaneously and can be used in classrooms on campus that are equipped with a built-in video recording system or from any PC or laptop. Documentation is available as well as extensive training and consultation for faculty and staff.


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A 97-year-old man who wanted to watch a Milwaukee Brewers game called 911 to report someone had stolen his remote control.
According to the Greenfield police report:
The man called 911 to report someone had stolen his remote control from his residence in the 9300 block of West Howard Avenue prior to 8 p.m. Sept. 26.
The remote control was found after police responded, so the man was able to watch the Brewers game.
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By Anatoly Liberman
Linguists, historians, journalists, and well-meaning amateurs have offered various conjectures on the rise of the word ghetto, none of which has won universal approval. Even the information in our best dictionaries should be treated with caution, for not all of them contain the disclaimer that whatever is said there reflects the opinion of the editor (who has rarely studied the vast literature on the subject) rather than the ultimate truth. The only uncontroversial facts are that the first Jewish ghetto appeared in Venice in 1516 and that in the Pope's bull of 1562 the enclosure assigned to the Jews in Rome was called ghectus. (In parentheses: the Jews were expelled from England in 1290. Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice around 1594; he never saw a Jew in his life. The drama is based on a widespread folklore plot of outsmarting the devil.)
Before turning to the etymology of ghetto, I would like to answer the question given in the title of this post. We don't know whether ghetto is a Hebrew, Latin, Italian, or Yiddish word (in order not to complicate matters, I'll refer to all the varieties of the Jewish language in the Diaspora as Yiddish, in contradistinction to Hebrew). In linguistic reconstruction, it is customary to move from the center of the enquiry to the periphery. Since the first ghetto was built in Venice, we should first look for the word's origin in some Italian, preferably the Venetian, dialect. If this attempt fails, a Hebrew or Yiddish etymology should be tried. If we again draw blank, we will be bound to explore the vocabulary of some other language that could have influenced the coining of ghetto. Although this is a natural approach to reconstruction, it need not be confused with the natural order of things in language or anywhere in life. If I go from point A to point B, a straight line will be the shortest distance between them. But on my way I may meet a friend and go an extra mile with him, get cold and drop into a bar for a drink, or do any other unpredictable thing. Retracing my route according to the laws of geometry or logic is a dangerous enterprise. We expect an Italian origin of ghetto, but why shouldn't the Jews have used their own word for the hateful enclosure, or why shouldn't a foreign name for such a place have been used? After all, the word ghetto entered most European languages, including English, and it is a borrowing in all of them.
Reference books often cite the Hebrew noun get (pronounced approximately like Engl. get) "a bill or letter of divorce." Allegedly, ghetto goes back to it and stands for "separation." In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jews believed that this is how the word came into being. But this connection seems to owe its existence to folk etymology, for a change from "a bill of divorce" to "a place of forced isolation" is hard to imagine. The Yiddish hypothesis makes much of ghectus understood as the Latinized form of gehektes "enclosed." However, the spelling ghectus has little value for reconstruction. Since Latin ct became tt in Italian (compare Latin perfectus "perfect" and Italian perfetto), it was customary to give medieval Italian words a pseudo-Latin appearance. Finally, one of the oldest conjectures traces ghetto to the Latin neuter Giudaicetum "Jewish." This etymology is indefensible from a phonetic point of view and from almost every other. The Hebrew-Yiddish search for the origin of ghetto should be abandoned.
While evaluating a dozen or so mutually conflicting theories, one should not be swayed by authority. Some of the least persuasive conjectures stem from the works of distinguished scholars. Such is the derivation of ghetto from Latin Aegyptus. The Jews were often looked upon as foreigners, but it is inconceivable that the Venetians trading with half of the world could have confused the Jews with Egyptians. Later the author of this derivation thought better of his proposal, but it found a safe haven in the most solid German dictionary and reemerged in The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, a fact worthy of regret. Nor are the other suggestions, all of which have been given short shrift above, the products of ignorance. The same holds for the etymology that the OED chose for want of a better one, namely, ghetto as being the second half of the Italian word borghetto "little town." Clipping is ubiquitous in English: doc, math, lab, and their likes are universally used words. A name can lose either its first or its last syllable: Fredrick is Fred for some and Rick for others. Suburbs shrank to burbs. In Italian, ghetto (or Ghetto) "district; street" exists despite the fact that this type of word formation is much less productive, but it has been applied to numerous places unrelated to the segregation of the Jews. It is not specific enough for our purposes. Italian, like French, has two e's: open and closed (compare the pronunciation of Engl. man and men, though the difference between the Romance vowels is smaller than in English). This difference complicates the relation between ghetto and the suffix -etto. However, the question of phonetics can be passed over here. The Venetian ghetto had a wall built around it. Christian guards closed the gates at a certain hour, so that no one could enter or leave the place. From time to time Old French guect "guard" is pressed into service: the word resembles ghectum, mentioned above, and has been cited as the etymon (source) of ghetto. The supporters of the guet etymology did not explain why a French word was used for the designation of an Italian "institution." Those are all fruitless guesses. To remain realistic, I think we should agree that the word from which ghetto was derived denoted a certain place. Borghetto does denote a place, but referring to it is a shot in the dark.
In Italian, the first sound of ghetto is identical with g- in Engl. get, and the spelling gh- makes the pronunciation clear. In older documents our word sometimes appears with initial g- and sometimes with gh-, but gratuitous variation is so typical of medieval and early modern texts, that no conclusions can be drawn from the coexistence of ghetto and getto. In all likelihood, the 16th century Italians pronounced ghetto as we do. The Spanish and Portuguese exiles could have used the form jetto. Yet even if they did, this circumstance is of no consequence for the etymology of ghetto. The gh-g difference is the main stumbling block in the etymology that traces ghetto to the Latin verb jactare "to throw (about)": Latin j- would not have become g-. Jactare has been conjured up because the island where the Jews were made to live at one time supposedly had getti glossed as "foundries," and ghetto, according to an often-repeated hypothesis, received its name from getto "foundry." Despite many attempts this hypothesis has been unable to overcome the g- ~ gh- hurdle. Getto was certainly derived from gettare "to cast (metal)," an Italian continuation of jactare, but getto is not ghetto. One also wonders whether any area would have been called "foundry" rather than "foundries." To make matters worse, there is no certainty that getto ever meant "foundry" in the Venetian dialect. A variant of the getto-ghetto etymology connects ghetto with Old Italian ghetta "protoxide of lead." The reference is to the verb ghettare "to refine metal by means of ghetta." The plot thickens without bringing us closer to the denouement.
At a certain moment, I decided that all the etymologies of ghetto are wrong and was pleased to find an ally in Harri Meier, a Romance scholar, who published an article on this question in 1972. He attempted to derive ghetto from Latin vitta "ribbon," and I liked his suggestion no more than I did those of his predecessors, but I think he was right to abandon foundries, Egyptians, borghetto, and alloys and to look for the etymon in some word meaning "street." All over Europe, one finds a nook called Jüdische Gass(e) or its translation into the local language, that is, "Jewish Street." Gasse is a southern German form related to Icelandic and Swedish gata (Norwegian gate, Danish gade) "street"; for the regular ss ~ t alternation compare German Wasser and Engl. water. Gata is an obscure word. Its unquestionable Gothic cognate is gatwo, but the origin of w in it has not been explained (Gothic was recorded in the 4th century). By contrast, the similar-looking Engl. gate (originally, "opening") should probably be separated from gatwo/gata. The speakers of Old Germanic did not have towns and, consequently, did not have streets. When they needed an equivalent of "street" in Greek or Latin, they resorted to borrowing or chose a native word meaning "area" (public space) or "market."
Surprisingly, Latin jactare will now return to our narrative. Via French, English has jetty, a derivative of this verb. Enigmatic things happened in its history. All of a sudden it seems to have developed the variant jutty. No one has even tried to explain this change that lacks analogues. The verb jet is of the same origin. It too acquired the variant jut. Jutty is restricted to dialects, but jut out is a respectable form of Standard English. The meaning of jetty also poses problems. We are familiar with jetty "pier," but in central and northern England it means "a passage between two houses" (per The English Dialect Dictionary by Joseph Wright). In 1882 a certain A. H. G. wrote in Notes and Queries: "In rambling about Warwickshire I found the name jetty locally applied to narrow thoroughfares consisting of ancient houses, just such quarters as Houndsditch [a street in the City of London], and which might be plausibly assigned to Jews in the Middle Ages. The edifices are quite old enough for this ascription, and it may be in the power of some readers of "N. & Q." to say if jetty is a probable corruption of ghetto, or if it is correctly spelled and used as jetty in this sense." 126 years after A. H. G.'s query appeared I want to respond to it. I suspect that in some parts of the Romance speaking world a slangy borrowing from Germanic existed, a word traceable to gata and meaning "street," perhaps even "narrow street," and that it had some currency in several forms, with initial g-, as in get, and with initial j-, as in jet, with the vowel a and with the vowel e, a common situation in slang. Ghetto will then emerge as an Italian variant of that word. I suspect that from the beginning it had a derogatory meaning ("poor, miserable quarters"), the right place for the exiled Venetian Jews. Folk etymology influenced the word more than once: some people remembered that in old days cannons had been made on the Jewish island, whereas the Jews associated ghetto with separation. If I am right, the regional English sense of jetty is the most ancient; "pier" came later. In history, jutty possibly predated jetty. "It may be in the power of some readers" of this blog to develop my idea or to refute it. Whatever the result, I will be overjoyed if we succeed in making even one step toward demystifying the intractable word ghetto.
Anatoly Liberman is the author of Word Origins…And How We Know Them as well as An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction. His column on word origins, The Oxford Etymologist, appears here, each Wednesday. Send your etymology question to firstname.lastname@example.com; he'll do his best to avoid responding with "origin unknown."
22 Responses to "Why Don't We Know the Origin of the Word Ghetto?"
Your comment that Shakespeare never saw a Jew in his life jumped out at me.
In fact, no one knows who William Shakespeare met during his "Ten Lost Years." Many suggest he traveled widely during this time (unlikely, in my mind).
Knowing that the real writer of Shakespearian plays and sonnets was Henry Neville changes everything. In fact, Henry Neville was very well traveled and would have met people of many ethnic backgrounds on the continent.
My gut feeling is that if JRR Tolkien were alive today, he could sort out the origin of "ghetto."
Maybe you should check the Hebrew word
"גט" <– don't know if you can see that
It appeared in the bible and well before the
The 17 or 16 century
anyhow, gr8 article.. 10x
[...] Prescriptivists (think an MD's awful writing) are people who think the language (really any Why Don't We Know the Origin of the Word Ghetto? – blog.oup.com 03/04/2009 By Anatoly Liberman Linguists, historians, journalists, and well-meaning [...]
[...] 2009 Update: Anatoly Liberman has done a far more exacting job on the word over on the Oxford University Press blog where he [...]
[...] °Everyone's favorite Oxford Etymologist asks, "Why Don't We Know the Origin of the Word Ghetto?" [...]
My guess re:origin of "ghetto" is to be found where "ghettos" were most concentrated, namely Poland and Ukraine during the times of the "pale of settlement". Ukrainian word "zhytlo" and "zhytia" meaning shelter (place for living)and life.
[...] to ghetto. Several days after I posted my etymology on ghetto, I received a letter from Doug Wilson, who has more than once supplied me with valuable [...]
[...] Why Don't We Know the Origin of the Word Ghetto? (oup.com) [...]
Vowel quality does not differ in Italian diminutive -etto and bor-ghetto. American tourists report hearin italian guides saying "gate-oh".
Professor Liberman wrote "Contemporaries of the first ghetto in Venice failed to associate ghetto with borghetto." The complex sentence has these propositions:
1. why the contemporaries
2. of the first ghetto in Venice
3. failed to associate ghetto with borghetto
4. invented Hebrew etymologies for it.
The Venice Jewish quarter that we now call "il ghetto" was not the first such Jewish precinct, in Venice or anywhere else. The 1516 sequestration of Jews on the Venice island written variously Geto ~ Gheto ~ Ghetto was not the first "ghettoization". Sequestratiom of Jews and others is common around the world over the centuries. Areas predominantly inhabited by Jews at other times had gentile inhabitants, too. Many foreigners in Venice were segregated (Lucchesi, Lombards, Tuscans, Germans, Muslims). Before 1516 Jews lived on various islands of Venice. The Senate considered segregating Jews on the islands Giudecca (Venetian Zoega) and Murano, but the plans fell through.
It was not in 1516 in Venice, to explain the Venetian island toponym Ghetto, that a Hebrew folk etymology ghet 'divorce decree' was invoked by Jewish notaries. It was in Rome, a full century later, and had to do, not with Venice, but with a foul-smelling Roman street (even in the mid 1800s), called Ghetto. In the papal bull Nimis Absurdum ('enough's enough') issued by Paul IV in 1555, the ecclesiastical Latin word used by the pope's amanuenses was vicus 'street, vici 'streets', not mock-Latin ghectus. In a second papal bull Dudum a felicis ('it's about time'), not Venice's, but the name of Rome's slum street Ghetto was written ghectus, just as scribes wrote the Italian word tutti 'all' as tucti, Matteo as Macthaeo; they wrote quattro '4′ as quactro.
In Venice every street is an island, every island a street. A street is a cluster of houses. Italian maps label settlements "case di 'houses of X". The people call "the mean streets" a "ghetto". Northeastern and central Italy have scores of ghetti. The Italian Post Office has postal codes/ZIP Codes for them, CAP (Codice Avviamento Postale).
"Contemporaries of the first ghetto in Venice failed to associate ghetto with borghetto." —What evidence.is there that they didn't? Association of the words ghetto and borghetto is inescapable in Italian Sprachgefühl.
Aphesis: for anyone knowing Venetian and Tuscan the connection is unavoidable. Compare in English 'shrooms for mushrooms, drawing room, to which English gentlemen withdrew to smoke, leaving their ladies to their amusements; mend for amend/emend, cute for acute, pert for apert (note the homonymy of the indefinite article (a) and prefixes) Aphesis flourishes in Itralian (and Venetian). In English aAnyone can trace the source of 'puter (my grandson's creation). Or 'buke (Southern Baptist for rebuke). In the Veneto America is Merica; l'arena is la rena A satirical paper features the head of a reindeer, La Renna, in a logo pun on L'Arena di Verona, adverting to Verona's famous Roman amphitheater and the major local newspaper.
The source of ghetto is all over the map of Italy, toponomastically and in figurative language.
[...] at night. To see an interesting and insightful examination of the etymology of the word ghetto click here). We went specifically to see the reconstructed temple from 1598 and meander the streets that [...]
Giudaicetum is a bit weird, but not too much. There are many Latin nouns for places, albeit named for (stands of) trees that became place names. Most famous is Jerusalem's Mount of Olives, Olivetum 'olive grove'. The suffix doesn't directly mean 'grove', but names a sort of place: there's Italy's city of Rovereto < Latin Roburetum 'oak grove'. A different species of oak is behind quercetum (quercus). Cf. also dumetum 'thicket', alnetum 'alder grove', castanetum 'chestnut', pinetum, salicetum 'willow' (as in sodium acetyl salicylate (aspirin), English sallow [complexion], Irish sally [garden]. Siena's Jews dwelt just up the hill above a locality Salicotto.
Walls: Venice's diarist Marin Sanudo, who was eye-witness to the proceedings that proclaimed the sequestration of 29 March 1516 describes (in Venetian language) the place, an island of course, and well off from the city proper: it was "como un castello – like a castle". The island, that is, was already walled before its Jewish chapter. Furthermore GETO (NOT "the" ghetto) was one island that had no church to deconsecrate. The Turkish counterpart, Fondaco dei Turchi, had its windows overlooking the canals walled up. Light came in only through a central courtyard. They too were locked in at night like the Christians in Istanbul.
I have always had this idea that the word GHETTO originated from Dutch, is it possible?
This term is a quarter Jewish Ghetto in Venice, where he was the foundry environment Quarter (Italian: Ghetto), and has since become a name to be a space for Jewish quarters in Europe.
Why is the word ghetto associated with minorities that live in poverty stricken urban areas?
Is ghetto a social mind set to describe a way of life among those that grew up in poverty stricken areas?
If the christian faith supports that Jesus Christ came to bring the good news to the poor, than why should someone get offended if you are delivered from the "ghetto"?
You can take a person out of the country, but can you take the country out of the person?
What is liberation?
Let's bury the word ghetto, and we don't have to worry about it's origin, being that we obviously don't have an origin for the word and ignorance is no excuse for not knowing that freedom is available for all.
Nice roam through the possibilities but I was not so convinced by the eschewing of ghetta – that seems a more cogent theorem. I will give the whole matter more thought and if I come up with more meat to put on the bone I shall revert. Nice to find I am not the only one thinking about this question, all the same.
Dear Anatoly, I've only just read your blog tonight since i searched the Web for the origins of "ghetto". My humble opinion is that ghetto comes from the Hebrew word "gad"("gd")which appears in the Bible as Gad (one the 12 Tribes), a son of the Patriach Jacob. But in particular in the Prohibition "TitGoDeDu" (Deuteronomy, 14.1), which means forming a (separate)group ie separating oneself from the general community. The root of that word -to separate- is GoDD, or GuD, or GeD. In modern Hebrew a GDUD is a Battalion, which describes a particular military grouping. In Hebrew, vowels which originate, ie. are vocally pronounced, from the same part of the mouth often interchange. In this case the sound "D" and "T" are interchangeable. So in place of "GeD" we have "GeT". From that it's a short step away to Italianizing GeT to Getto and hence Ghetto. The basic idea still remains as a separation, which fits in nicely with your idea of a jetty. All this of course means that Hebrew words have crept into other languages- which is of course well known. I'd like to hear from you on this. Perhaps you know some Hebrew Philologists with whom you might like to exchange this idea with them.
[...] Professor John Peter Maher, the author of a detailed comment on my post on ghetto, allowed me to disclose his identity and restated his views. We agree that most of the current [...]
The first Jewish ghetto did not appear in Venice in 1516; there were Jewish ghettos centuries earlier, but were called streets. See Max Weinreich,1980, page 177. History of the Yiddish Language. The term ghectus in the papal bull of 1562 is a false reconstruction (Yakov Malkiel) modelled on Latin octo/Italian otto '8′. Compare early Italian Macteo for Matteo 'Matthew' etc. The real word here was Ghetto, (not the ghetto), which is even today a Roman neighborhood comprising several streets. The word used in the 1555 papal bull was Latin vicus 'street'. The only tenable etymology of ghetto is by aphesis from the Germanic borghetto, from borgo, from Gothic baurgs [pronounced borg-], 'street', cognate of German Burg.
Is there a relationship between the term "marrano" for forcibly converted Jews in Spain and the name of the island of "Murano" in Venice?
Did you check the translation of the word 'separation' in German?
I'm venetian.
Ghetto comes from a foundry that was in the area in the ghetto.
Getto means coulee, the metal that was thrown inside forms.
A mispelling of this word is ghetto and so it become the name of the area.


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A Los Angeles County jury Thursday found the former business and personal manager of singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen guilty of violating restraining orders, making harassing phone calls and sending thousands of harassing emails.
Kelley Lynch, 55, showed no emotion as a court clerk read the verdict. She had pleaded not guilty to five counts of violating protective orders and two counts of repeatedly contacting Cohen with the intent to annoy or harass.


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Success Center Schedules
Tutoring is separated by subject. Please refer to a subject tab to find tutors and their available hours. Note that for tutors are qualified for all classes up to the course level that is posted e.g. MTH 112 tutors can tutor MTH 20 - MTH 112.
You can also schedule a one-on-one appointment with a tutor. Find your tutor's "Office Hours" availability and then request a tutoring session.


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Below is my SEO Presentation for the First Iloilo SEO Conference held last May 12.
The presentation is "packed" with information on how you can do effective and massive keyword research. I haven't written anything about Advanced Keyword Research in particular on this blog so I hope this material will give you a peak on how I do find keywords to work on.
The Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) Mastery leg of this SEO lecture a bit short since its industry applications are very commonsensical.
The Authoritative Content Theming is another subject that I would like to tackle more. It's an idea that works very well in old offline industries that should be carried on the online world.
I'll be writing a detailed version of what I lectured Iloilo SEOs as soon as I can, so just watch out for it. If you have ideas you want to share, questions about the lecture I delivered or the presentation below, say it in the comment box.


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The promos that NBC is running for its new police drama "Southland" are unintentionally funnier than anything on the network's must-see Thursday night comedies.
If you're to believe the promos, America is close to falling in love with the series from "ER" producer John Wells.
Actually, the ratings have been going south in the four weeks its been on the air. A week ago, it lost by substantial margins in the age 18 through 49 demographic to the season finale of ABC's "Private Practice" and a repeat of "Criminal Minds" (which replaced "Harper's Island") on CBS.
Of course, NBC has renewed "Southland" and wants it to be a hit. But saying it is one doesn't make it one.
What do you think of "Southland"?
-- Alan Pergament


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Back to forum
rss 107 weeks ago
I thought of this idea when at a Five Guys while I was drawing on one of those index cards for the hell of it, so I sketched and vectored it up at home. I just thought it fit so perfectly. I don't like how its a white background because I hate white shirts, so I figured out that really light gray also works.
So what do you guys think?
So what do you guys think?
RiteGuyShirt107 weeks agoZOMG I LOVE FIVE GUYS!
notashrimp16107 weeks agovery nice idea! cute!
hydra_hunter107 weeks agoThanks!
oh and the pipes overflowing with fries are a reference.. no, tribute to how they always overfill the fry cups.
bruceleeroy106 weeks agoLove the design, very clever. In my opinion however, try to get more detail on the fries. At first glance I didn't think it was fries coming out of the pipes... Overall, great job!
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Fan Fare
Entertainment behind the scenes
Actors shed tears over "High School Musical"
Troy, Gabriella, Sharpay, Ryan, Chad and Taylor were "all in this together" for almost three years, so when it came down to the final day of filming for "High School Musical 3: Senior Year" tears were flowing on set.
The latest movie in the Disney franchise, which opens in the U.S. on Oct. 22, sees the six main characters graduate East High School, and although Disney is already planning a fourth installment in a couple of years time, many of the stars won't be coming back.
"Knowing it was the last time we'd be together was extremely emotional," recalled Vanessa Hudgens, who has played math student Gabriella Montez since 2006. "We've been through so much together, we have become a really close-knit family."
"The last day was horrible. We couldn't stop crying and we had to do one more scene. We were in hair and makeup, crying our eyes out, and the assistant director was saying ' we need to go' and hair and makeup was saying ' we can't get their makeup on them they won't stop crying', " she said.
Get your head back in the game for HSM 3: Senior Year
Fans of High School Musical have just a week to count down before Disney releases the first global look at "High School Musical 3: Senior Year." Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on Tuesday said that from July 13, a high-energy trailer for the third movie about Troy, Gabriella and their friends at East High School will be shown on Disney Channels in several countries as well as on Disney.com. Hosted by Zac Ephron (Troy Bolton) and Vanessa Hudgens (Gabriella Montez), and including the song "Now or Never" from the upcoming movie, the trailer features footage from the film slated for a release on October 24.


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Online edition of India's National Newspaper
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Central Bank in pact with Angel Broking
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Cronimet eyes acquisition in Turkey
SRIKAKULAM: The board of directors of Cronimet Alloys India, formerly GMR Ferro Alloys and Industries, has approved the acquisition of 57,039 equity shares constituting 92 per cent of the total paid-up capital of Atlanta Madencilik Ve Sanayi ...
PayMate powers mobile fund transfers
MUMBAI: PayMate has launched an innovative application for mobile fund transfers that is now powering the inter bank mobile payment service of Syndicate Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank and South Indian Bank. About five additional banks are in the ...
Nissan Micra sales up in May
CHENNAI: Nissan Motor India has clocked a domestic sales of 1,588 units in May as compared to 56 units of CBUs (completely built units) in May 2010. Since it went on sale last July, Nissan has sold over 14,711 Micras in India until April this ...
New Karur Vysya Bank MD assumes charge
KARUR: K. Venkataraman took charge as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Karur Vysya Bank on Monday. He succeeds P. T. Kuppuswamy who retired on May 31. Prior to joining KVB, Mr. Venkataraman was Managing Director and CEO of ...
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Congratulations are in order for the big homie Don Cannon! Today it was announced that the Atlanta-based DJ/producer is now the Vice President of A&R at Def Jam Recordings. Says Cannon...
A music person can only dream about being at Def Jam, the most important hip-hop destination in the world. I feel I have a cutting edge vision for where the culture and hip-hop are heading and I'm excited to be joining the team. I'm already working 24/7 to drive the innovation of music forward and I'm confident we'll land some big successes in the very near future.
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- This will be a two round mock draft.
- Email your post to chiefssportsblognation at gmail dot com.
- Make sure you have access to the email address you used to sign up. That's how I'll be contacting you if I need anything for the draft.
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If used the right way, credit cards can give you all sorts of benefits, like vacations and low-stress finances. Other people who do not utilize the advantages of credit cards smartly choose to charge their vacation expenses and end up with a hefty bill. Keep on reading to figure out what you can be smart and get the most from the use of your credit card.
If you are faced with a high APR on your cards, but are paying a high annual percentage rate, try calling the credit company and talk with them about lowering it. This can save you a lot every month that you have to carry a balance on your credit card.
Having cards issued by different banks will give you maximize your financial options. If you run into trouble using a card, another card from a separate bank is more likely to work than a second card from the bank that issued the first card. Having access to cards makes it easier to make use of your credit.
Never send your credit card information for any reason. A fax may be left there for a long time while anyone can get the card number. Any one of the workers in the office could steal your identity. This opens you up to fraudulent activity and a whole host of the problems along with it.
Consider a credit card for major electronic purchases. Some issuers will increase the length of the manufacturer's warranty for free when you use their card to buy electronics. Pay it off right away so that the cost of this purchase immediately to prevent interest from building up.
Always make any credit card on time. On top of that, you could be permanently charged a higher interest rate, and this means all future transactions will cost more in the long run.
Pay 100% of your credit card balance every month if you can afford it. In the best scenario, credit cards are just used for convenience, using it only for purchases that will be paid off in full monthly.
Even without the advantages of points and perks like vacations, credit cards can be great tools to have at your disposal. Using a card unwisely in any circumstance is going to lead to long-term problems. It's not hard to stay on top of your credit, but it will require knowledge and dedication. You can stick to the high ground, and be a smart credit card user by making use of the advice you have just read.


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Home School Heartbeat Radio Program
|Click here to get Home School Heartbeat's daily e-mail transcripts
What should homeschoolers keep in mind as they study world history? Patrick Henry College professor Dr. David Aikman offers suggestions on making sense of the daily news in your homeschool on this week's series with Michael Farris.
Program Listing:
Dr. David Aikman
For over 23 years, Dr. Aikman was both a foreign correspondent and senior correspondent for TIME Magazine, reporting from four continents and 55 countries, notably Russia, China and the Middle East.
For more biographical information, visit his website.


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By Douglas Moser
---- — METHUEN — City Solicitor Peter McQuillan reviewed and redacted his own cell phone and email records before releasing them in response to a public records request by The Eagle-Tribune.
Mayor Stephen Zanni was aware that McQuillan, who is an employee of the City Council, was reviewing his own records and said he did not see a conflict of interest.
"He wasn't on his own. This was done with the assistant city solicitor by his side the whole time," Zanni said Wednesday.
The Eagle-Tribune on April 1 requested McQuillan's cell phone, text message and email records between the dates of Jan. 1 and April 1.
City Council Chairman Sean Fountain thinks the records should not have been redacted.
"If there's a records request, I think we should just furnish the records," Fountain said. "Do I think people should be reviewing them? No I don't. If it's a city phone, it's a city phone."
Councilor Thomas Ciulla at a City Council meeting April 16 called it "fox in the hen house."
"Don't you think it's a conflict the city solicitor is reviewing his emails and his text messages?" Ciulla said then. Zanni said he would not discuss a conflict of interest, and said assistant city solicitor Anne Randazzo was reviewing the documents with McQuillan.
During the search for a new city solicitor, triggered Jan. 7 after the City Council voted against reappointing him, McQuillan has declined to give legal opinions to the council on its search, citing the state conflict-of-interest law that bars him from participating in matters in which he has a financial interest, and has forwarded council questions to the attorney general's office.
McQuillan did not return a phone message last Wednesday afternoon asking whether he sought the attorney general's opinion on conflict of interest in reviewing public records requests for his documents.
Last week, Zanni delivered to The Eagle-Tribune records that included a list of phone numbers McQuillan sent text messages to and received them from, a list of phone numbers he called and received calls from and a stack emails. Numerous phone numbers were blacked out on the lists of both text messages and phone calls.
Zanni said those numbers were redacted by McQuillan, with Randazzo present, because they were personal in nature. The Eagle-Tribune is disputing with the city whether certain phone numbers and text messages on a municipal cell phone are exempt from disclosure under the Massachusetts public records law.
A review of that list of phone numbers by The Eagle-Tribune uncovered the cell phone number of Methuen attorney Anthony Copani, a professional reference for Richard D'Agostino. Every appearance of Copani's number was redacted. City officials said last week that Copani conducts city business and can sometimes be found at City Hall.
Last month, McQuillan sent a text message to D'Agostino during D'Agostino's interview with the City Council, prompting Ciulla to call for an investigation into potential meddling into the hiring process.
Follow Douglas Moser on Twitter @EagleEyeMoser. To comment on stories and see what others are saying, log on to eagletribune.com.


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We disagree. As far as we are concerned, you are the future.
And we should know. Of the 120,000 people we employ, a quarter of them are under 25 – all doing a great job and building rewarding careers with The Co-operative. They certainly do have plenty of attitude, and it is just the attitude we like: keen, ambitious, determined and team-spirited.
Does that sound like you? Then head straight for the Apprenticeship Academy, our inspiring programme for young people aged 16 to 25 who have not had the breaks but definitely have the potential to make the most of a big opportunity.
An apprenticeship with The Co-operative offers:
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Last year's West Nile virus season was one for the records, but it does not mean that people should become complacent about taking preventive measures this season, according to an expert at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital.
"Last year we had the largest epidemic of West Nile that Texas has ever seen," said Dr. Kristy Murray, associate professor and associate vice• chair of research in the department of pediatrics at BCM and director of the Laboratory of Viral and Zoonotic Diseases at Texas Children's Hospital. "Normally you will still see a large number of cases in the second year after an outbreak, so it's important to take preventive measures."
The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause disease in birds, horses and humans. It affects people of all ages.
Murray, who is a part of the National School of Tropical Medicine at BCM, notes that West Nile cases and positive mosquitoes are already being seen in some areas of Texas. She offers the following tips to prevent mosquito bites this summer:
• Mosquito repellent is the best line of defense – look for one containing DEET or picardin.
• Avoid being outdoors between dusk and dawn – this is when the mosquitoes carrying the virus are most active.
• During the day, avoid stirring these mosquitoes up in areas that have tall grass. Protect yourself from mosquitoes if you plan to garden or do work outdoors.
• Be sure vulnerable populations, such as older adults and children, are using mosquito repellent.
• Don't become complacent as the summer goes on – the majority of infections occur between July and September.
• If possible, wear long pants and long sleeves when outdoors.
About 20 percent of those infected with West Nile virus will develop a flu• like illness that can last several weeks and cause fatigue. A smaller percentage may develop a neuroinvasive form of the disease, which means the virus has invaded the brain and spinal cord, causing encephalitis, meningitis and/or paralysis. Those with underlying conditions may have additional complications.
Murray recommends seeing your primary care physician if you develop a fever and headache and you know that you've recently had mosquito bites. Murray also encourages physicians to test for West Nile virus if patients have clinical signs of the virus. Testing for the virus is done through a blood test or testing of the spinal fluid.
"Reporting cases of West Nile virus is essential because it alerts public health officials and the community about where they need to focus their prevention efforts as well as focus their mosquito control activities," said Murray.
Murray says that there is no treatment for the virus, so prevention is key. She also notes that although it was previously thought that this disease affects mostly older adults, they are now seeing infection and complications in people of all ages.
Top Stories
West Nile precautions are for all ages
Last year's West Nile virus season was one for the records, but it does not mean that people should become complacent about taking preventive measures this season, according to an expert at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital.
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Two suspects have been charged in connection with a shooting at a house party in suburban Houston that left two teenagers dead and injured 19 others, authorities announced Monday.
Houston schools cancel activities due to weather
Houston's school district has cancelled afterschool activities as inches of rain fell on the city hours before Halloween trick-or-treating was set to begin.
Iraqi PM: Terror 'got a second chance' in Iraq
Terrorists "found a second chance" to thrive in Iraq, the nation's prime minister said Thursday in asking for new U.S. aid to beat back a bloody insurgency that has been fueled by the neighboring Syrian civil war and the departure of American troops from Iraq two years ago.
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Cell – a healing family
Gary Sweeten describes a strategy for healing and wholeness within the context of a loving small group community
Many people are not able to reach their potential and participate fully in life because they are unable to overcome hurdles that prevent their growth. Gary Sweeten shows how healthy cells can help with this, and highlights other resources that are required to help.
We all know the power of groups, and how healthy or dysfunctional groups can influence us. Groups exist for many purposes – eg task groups, therapy groups, support groups, study groups and interest groups. As a Christian therapist, I wanted to discover how groups can help make people whole. I was particularly inspired upon hearing some teaching about the early Church as a powerful, therapeutic community, and have attempted since then to discover what this means.
The Western medical model and Scripture each view human nature differently. Greek philosophy tends to separate human beings into parts and looks at those parts as if they are the whole. This view has invaded the Church's thinking and influenced its theology. Gnostics, for example, saw the human body as so sinful and dirty, and God's Spirit as so holy and pure, that Jesus could not have come in human form. They split spiritual reality from physical reality, destroying Biblical truth. John warned us against such thinking (1 John 4: 1-3).
This tendency to divide human beings led to Western humanism, individualism, and the medical model that over-emphasises physical remedies and excludes emotional , spiritual and relational healing. Also, the medical model looks mainly at relieving symptoms of sickness rather than at growth, prevention and personal wellbeing. However, the Biblical model is more holistic and looks at assets, strengths and growth as well as healing. The focus is the wellbeing of the total person in relationship with God, self, and other people (see 'A Biblical Model').
The Sweeten scale of health
I evaluate health and sickness on a simple scale, which ranges from plus 1 to plus 10 on the maturity side (Type A people), and from minus 1 to minus 10 on the dysfunction side (Type B people). See 'The Sweeten scale of health defined'. This helps us to see how well the healing/growth process is working.
Type A and Type B describe differing levels of need. Type A members have little need for special counsel. Everyone needs support, love and nurture as a part of Christian life and growth, and most people thrive on the basic care within the simple, loving fellowship of a cell.
Highly functional members are strong spiritually, emotionally, mentally and relationally. We want to equip them to provide leadership, to nurture and support others. Functional members are able to cope successfully with life.
Personal growth
These Type A members make up about 80% of a church. Some are babies or children, but their ability to function is well established. We aim to equip them to prevent future problems, encourage their personal growth into Christian maturity, and release them into ministry.
Type B members have an inner pain that interferes with normal functioning and needs special care. Although most are new believers, mature Christians sometimes have emotional struggles as a result of a crisis. Believers sometimes hide an inner hurt, only for it to surface later. Healthy cells prevent this kind of irrational behaviour.
We identify the three levels of Type B people, along with strategies for appropriate care, as:-
- Situational problems which result in minor symptoms and struggles, and interfere with their lives at work or home. Cell support and life-skills training are required.
- Chronic problems such as depression, anxiety and marital problems persist, so that the person does not respond to the wise counsel of peers. Professional counselling plus cell and life-skills training are needed.
- Acute problems such as depression, suicidal ideas, addictions and phychoses mean the person cannot manage life. Professional support or protection plus cell support are needed. Life-skills training may need to wait.
Healthy cells can contribute to members' wellbeing; unhealthy cells can have the opposite effect. Imagine living in a sick society. Stories abound of people in Nazi Germany feeling crazy because they did not share the prevailing values. If a slightly distressed person enters a mental hospital he or she will get worse, not better.
Tough love
One of our new members had a long history of mental illness and of acting up in public. Several functional ladies were assigned to her. Once they removed her from my class because she threw her papers in the air and screamed. She protested, "I have always acted that way. Why are you making me leave?" They told her that what she did was unacceptable as sane people don't act that way. "But people treat me like I'm crazy," she replied. "People treat you like you're crazy because you act crazy," she was told.
After years of medicine, therapy and group love, she said that when we treated her as normal she wanted to act normal. But her habits had been formed in institutions and improving was hard. Tough love from healthy support systems can be more important than expert psychotherapy or prayer therapy. Dysfunctional cells make people worse. Healthy, functional cells operating in truth and love make members whole. It's a Biblical principle.
Dr Gary Sweeten is founder of Sweeten Life Systems which promotes healing and growth by facilitating better relationships with God, self, and others. See www.sweetenlife.com
The Sweeten scale of health defined
- +9 to +10 Optimal wholeness of spirit and mind with maturity in Christ. Top person in their career or field, widely respected by all. Is 2% of the 70% of any group that is considered 'normal'.
- +7 to +8 Few peers in thinking, wisdom and character who are able to speak the truth in love. Some 3% of the normal group.
- +5 to +6 Caring and centred in the Lord, with obvious strengths of fruit, peacefulness, talents, gifts and health. Some 5% of the normal group.
- +3 to +4 Personal growth is evident and they are a stable person at home, work and church. Some 10% of the normal group.
- +1 to +2 Potential for growth, but still makes some emotional decisions. Needs basic training for prevention of this, and personal growth with discipling and support. 25% of the normal 70%.
- 0 Neither well nor severely dysfunctional, but can move in either way according to outside factors, stresses and pressures. These people are within the normal 70%.
- -1 to -2 Symptoms of unease, with emotional, spiritual and relational difficulties. Part of the normal 70% of any group.
- -3 to -4 Signs of ill health, including sadness, anxiety, increased conflicts, bad habits. Includes perhaps 20% of the normal 70% members.
- -5 to -6 Sickness that requires some treatment. Friends notice problems and see that one is unable to change by oneself. About 10%.
- -7 to -8 Major sicknesses such as irrational thinking, depressions, panic attacks, compulsions, dependencies, and thoughts of violence. About 8%.
- -9 to -10 Very sick and unable to function, with bizarre ideas, deadly addictions, eating disorders, compulsions or violence. About 2%.


text:
Union Pacific's Heritage Collection
Featuring the Photography of Sam J. Botts
By Sam J. Botts
A photo collection celebrating the operating locomotives in Union Pacific's Heritage collection.
About the Author
I have been a photographer for over 30 years. My work has been used commercially by several railroad as well as published in several enthusiast magazines.
Publish Date December 11, 2010
Dimensions Standard Landscape 80 pgs
Standard Paper
Category Travel
Tags steam locomotive, Union Pacific, Streamliner, Centennial, DDA40X, E9, Northern, FEF, Challenger, UP, trains, railroad, locomotive, steam
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Mayor Joseph Sullivan announced his appointment of Russell Jenkins as police chief on Wednesday afternoon, saying that Jenkins' years serving Braintree and his passion for the community will benefit the town and its residents.
"Russ shares with me the belief that we have a good department that can get better, and we are united in our focus to bring the Braintree Police Department to an even higher level of performance," Sullivan said during a press conference at Town Hall.
"In making this decision, I have followed a deliberative path that would lead in only one direction," Sullivan said. "The one that is best for the Town of Braintree."
Jenkins has served as Deputy Chief since 2004. He follows Paul Frazier, who retired in August after 19 years as Braintree's top cop.
Lt. Michael Moschella is currently the interim chief, and will remain in that position until the Town Council approves Sullivan's choice. The council meets next on Tuesday, Oct. 16 and the mayor said he has requested same night action.
Out of an original group of 22, Sullivan and a selection committee whittled the applicants down to three finalists last month. Jenkins and the other two – Framingham Deputy Chief Craig Davis and New York Police Lt. Richard Rudolph – were then interviewed publicly by local officials and a former Shrewsbury Police Chief.
For his years leading within the police department, his professionalism and understanding of Braintree, Jenkins was the right choice, Sullivan said.
"He knows our town, he knows the department and he is passionate about both," the mayor said. "I have faith he will lead this department well."


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The Charlestown Preservation Society invites members and people interested in CPS to its Annual Meeting, June 21, at 6pm at the StoveFactory Gallery, 523 Medor Street.
CPS will report on strategic planning outcomes and give a sneak peek of the new publication aimed at homeowners and launch the Sept. 22nd Historic House Tour.
CPS stewards Preservation Park and ensures that preservation concerns are heard at the Charlestown Neighborhood Council. The Design Review Committee offers advice at no charge to home owners and developers.
Refreshments and displays of historic illustrations and plans of several public sites near the House Tour route are included.
Parking is available in the lot next to the StoveFactory.


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Product Recycling Fund
The price of this item includes a contribution to a Product recycling fund to ensure that waste electrical and electronic equipment is collected and recycled in a responsible manner.
There is no bed like home
We believe the bedroom is not just vital to a good night, but a good day too.
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Soak up the sun and relax with our range of quality outdoor furniture that looks great, whatever the weatherSee more inspiring outdoor ideas >
The things you love in bed
Are you mainly horizontal when reading, surfing the web or watching telly? If so, we have a great range of bedroom furniture to help you enjoy your hobbies in bed.
Our bed frames and mattresses are now available in European and Standard sizes.Browse over 40 bedroom galleries for inspiration
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Our services, for you.
From in store, we can deliver your goods with our same day or next day delivery service.
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Welcome to IKEA. We believe everyone deserves to have a beautiful home filled with well-designed furniture. And still have money left over for other things to enjoy in life. That's why we offer our home furniture at prices so low as many people as possible will be able to afford them. Here you can find inspiration for your home, and shop our range of home furnishings – including beds, sofas, sofa beds, curtains, rugs, bedding & blinds.
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July 31, 2006
Valdosta - Firefighters in Valdosta test new equipment that will assist the city's newest citizens.
The Turbo Draft was borrowed from a neighboring fire station. It can pull up to 600 gallons of water a minute from a pool, pond, or any body of near by water.
It will be used to assist the 970 residential customers who will be incorporated into the city tomorrow. "Some of those areas are more than 1,000 feet from a fire hydrant. What we're trying to do in Valdosta is enhance our firefighting capabilities of those areas." said Valdosta Fire Chief JD Rice.
Fire officials are happy with the results they've seen from the Turbo Draft. They intend to order three of them at $1,800.00 a piece.
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By Rick Dandes
MILTON — A decomposed body found Thursday in a wooden area off Route 1005, in White Deer Township, Union County, was identified by police as the Rev. Jose "Joe" Rosa, 52, of Lewisburg, a pastor who disappeared in 2009.
Union County coroner Wanda Walters pronounced the victim, who was initially unidentified, "dead at the scene with the cause of death resulting from an apparent self-hanging."
Police did not say who found the body.
Rosa was first reported missing on May 23, 2009, a short time after Bishop Samuel Lopez, of the Spanish Mennonite Council of Churches — which oversees Congregacion Menonita Shalom in New Columbia, where Rosa was pastor for seven years — notified state police that he had received a letter from a young man claiming Rosa had touched him inappropriately.
Subsequent investigations revealed that he had indecent contact with other boys, including one as young as nine. The incidents occurred between 2005 and 2009.
Rosa was charged with five counts of indecent assault, two counts of recklessly endangering the welfare of children and four counts of corruption of minors
He was last seen on May 21, 2009 by a neighbor, who said he saw Rosa walking toward the U.S. Penitentiary grounds near the Rosa home.