text:
Rowan Williams
|The Rt Revd and Rt Hon
Lord Williams of Oystermouth
|former Archbishop of Canterbury
|Church of England
|Province of Canterbury
|Diocese of Canterbury
(delegated to the Bishop of Dover)
|In office
|2 December 2002 (elected)
– 31 December 2012 (retired)
|George Carey
|Justin Welby
|Other posts
|Master of Magdalene
Archbishop of Wales
Bishop of Monmouth
|1 May 1992[2]
|Personal details
|Birth name
|Rowan Douglas Williams
14 June 1950
Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
|Aneurin Williams and Delphine Morris
|Jane Paul (1981–present)
|Rhiannon, Pip
|Bishop, theologian
|Alma mater
|Christ's College, Cambridge
Wadham College, Oxford
|Coat of arms
Rowan Douglas Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth PC FBA FRSL FLSW (born 14 June 1950) is an Anglican bishop, poet and theologian. He was the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, Metropolitan of the Province of Canterbury and Primate of All England, offices he held from December 2002 to December 2012.[3][4] Williams was previously Bishop of Monmouth and Archbishop of Wales, making him the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to be appointed from within the Church of England. He spent much of his earlier career as an academic at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford successively. He speaks three languages and reads at least nine.[5] He has since described his spoken German as a 'disaster area' and said that he is 'a very clumsy reader and writer of Russian'.[6]
The primacy of Williams was marked by speculation that the Anglican Communion (in which the Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading figure) was on the verge of fragmentation. Williams worked to keep all sides talking to one another.[7] Notable events in his primacy included the rejection by a majority of dioceses of his proposed Anglican Covenant and, in the final General Synod of his tenure, the failure to secure a sufficient majority for a measure to allow the appointment of women as bishops in the Church of England.
Williams stood down as Archbishop of Canterbury on 31 December 2012 [7] and became Master of Magdalene College at Cambridge University in January 2013. Later in 2013 he became Chancellor of the University of South Wales. Justin Welby was appointed as his successor as Archbishop of Canterbury on 9 November 2012 and was enthroned in March 2013. It was announced by 10 Downing St on 26 December 2012 that Williams was to be created a life peer,[8] so that he would remain a member of the House of Lords; his new peerage was created on 8 January and gazetted on 11 January 2013 as "Baron Williams of Oystermouth".[9] He was re-introduced into the Lords on 15 January 2013.[10]
- 1 Early life and ordination
- 2 Career
- 3 Patronage
- 4 Theology
- 5 Social views
- 6 Ecumenism
- 7 Works
- 8 Honours and awards
- 9 Styles and titles
- 10 Arms
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Early life and ordination[edit]
Williams was born on 14 June 1950 in Ystradgynlais, Swansea, Wales, into a Welsh-speaking family.[11] He was the only child of Aneurin Williams by his marriage to Nancy Delphine Morris (known as "Del" and "Nancy") — Presbyterians who became Anglicans in 1961. He was educated at the state-sector Dynevor School in Swansea, before going on to the University of Cambridge, where he studied theology at Christ's College. He then went to Wadham College, Oxford, where he graduated Doctor of Philosophy in 1975 with a thesis entitled "The theology of Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky: an exposition and critique".
Williams lectured at the College of the Resurrection in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, for two years. In 1977 he was ordained a deacon at Ely Cathedral and returned to Cambridge to teach theology at Westcott House. He became a priest in 1978.
Early academic career and pastoral ministry[edit]
Williams did not take on a formal curacy until 1980, when he served at St George's, Chesterton, until 1983, after having been appointed a university lecturer in divinity at Cambridge. In 1984 he became Dean and Chaplain of Clare College, and in 1986, at the age of 36, he was appointed to the Lady Margaret chair of Divinity at Oxford, a position which brought with it appointment as a residentiary canon of Christ Church. In 1989 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD), and in 1990 was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.[12]
Episcopal ministry[edit]
In 1991 Williams was elected as Bishop of Monmouth in the Church in Wales, and was consecrated in 1992. He continued to serve as Bishop of Monmouth after he was elected as Archbishop of Wales in 1999. In 2002 he was announced as the successor to George Carey as Archbishop of Canterbury – the senior bishop in the Church of England and Primate of the Bishops of the Anglican Communion, called primus inter pares. As a bishop of the disestablished Church in Wales, Williams was the first Archbishop of Canterbury since the English Reformation to be appointed from a position outside the Church of England. His election by the chapter of Canterbury Cathedral was confirmed by nine bishops in the usual ceremony in London on 2 December 2002 – at this point Williams officially became Archbishop of Canterbury.[13] He was enthroned on 27 February 2003 as the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury.
The appointment of Williams to Canterbury was widely canvassed. A bishop who had demonstrated a wide range of interests in social and political matters, he was widely regarded, by academics and others, as a figure who could make Christianity credible to the intelligent unbeliever. As a patron of Affirming Catholicism, his appointment was a considerable departure from that of his predecessor, and his views, not least those expressed in a widely published lecture on homosexuality (see below) were seized on by a number of Evangelical and conservative Anglicans.[citation needed] The debate had begun to divide the communion, however, and Williams, in his new position as leader of the Anglican Communion, was sure to have an important role.
After he became a bishop, a number of institutions granted Williams honorary degrees and fellowships, such as the universities of Kent, Cambridge, Oxford, and Roehampton.[citation needed]
Traditionally, as Archbishop of Canterbury, Williams acted as a Governor of Charterhouse School.[citation needed]
In 2005 he was inaugurated as the first Chancellor of Canterbury Christ Church University. This was in addition to his ex officio role as Visitor at King's College London, the University of Kent, and Keble College, Oxford. Cambridge University awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Divinity in 2006.[14] In April 2007, Trinity College and Wycliffe College, both associated with the University of Toronto, awarded him a joint Doctor of Divinity degree during his first visit to Canada since being enthroned.[citation needed]
Williams speaks or reads eleven languages: English, Welsh, Spanish, French, German, Russian, Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, Latin, and both Ancient (koine) and Modern Greek.[15][16] He learnt Russian in order to be able to read the works of Dostoyevsky in the original.[17]
Williams is also a poet and translator of poetry. His collection The Poems of Rowan Williams, published by Perpetua Press, was longlisted for the Wales Book of the Year award in 2004. Beside his own poems, which have a strong spiritual and landscape flavour, the collection contains several fluent translations from Welsh poets. He was criticised in the press for allegedly supporting a 'pagan organisation', the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards, which promotes Welsh language and literature and uses druidic ceremonial but is actually not religious in nature.[18] His wife, Jane Williams, is a writer and lecturer in theology. They married in 1981 and have two children, who were also state educated.[citation needed]
Williams officiated at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April 2011.[citation needed]
On 16 November 2011, Williams attended a special service at Westminster Abbey celebrating the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible in the presence of Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip and Prince Charles who is the Patron of the King James Bible Trust.[19][20]
To mark the ending of his tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, Williams presented a BBC television documentary about Canterbury Cathedral, in which he reflected on his time in office. Entitled Goodbye to Canterbury, the programme was screened on 1 January 2013.[21]
2010 General Synod address[edit]
On 9 February 2010, in an address to the General Synod of the Church of England, Williams warned that damaging infighting over women bishops and gay priests could result in a permanent split in the Anglican Communion. He stressed that he did not "want or relish" the prospect of division and called on the Church of England and Anglicans worldwide to step back from a "betrayal" of God's mission and to put the work of Christ before schism. But he conceded that, unless Anglicans could find a way to live with their differences over women bishops and homosexual ordination, the Church would change shape and become a multi-tier communion of different levels – a schism in all but name.[22]
Williams also said that "It may be that the covenant creates a situation in which there are different levels of relationship between those claiming the name of Anglican. I don't at all want or relish this, but suspect that, without a major change of heart all round, it may be an unavoidable aspect of limiting the damage we are already doing to ourselves." In such a structure, some churches would be given full membership of the Anglican Communion, while others had a lower-level form of membership, with no more than observer status on some issues. Williams also used his keynote address to issue a profound apology for the way that he had spoken about "exemplary and sacrificial" gay Anglican priests in the past. "There are ways of speaking about the question that seem to ignore these human realities or to undervalue them," he said. "I have been criticised for doing just this, and I am profoundly sorry for the carelessness that could give such an impression."[22]
Post-episcopal academic career[edit]
On 17 January 2013, Williams was admitted as the 35th Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge.[23]
It was announced on 18 June 2013 that Williams had been appointed as the new Chancellor of the University of South Wales.[24]
Williams is Patron of the Canterbury Open Centre run by Catching Lives, a local charity supporting the destitute.[25]
He is also patron of the Peace Mala Youth Project For World Peace since 2002, and led the ceremony that launched the charity as one of his last engagements as Archbishop of Wales.[26] In addition, he sits as President at WaveLength Charity, a UK-wide organisation that gives TVs and radios to isolated and vulnerable people. This role has been filled by the Archbishop of Canterbury since the charity's inception in 1939.
Williams is also Patron of the British T. S. Eliot Society,[27] and delivered the annual T. S. Eliot Lecture in November 2013.
Williams was also patron of the Birmingham-based charitable organization "The Feast",[28] from 2010 until his retirement as Archbishop of Canterbury in December 2012. On 1 May 2013 he became Chair of the Board of Trustees of the charity Christian Aid.[29]
Williams is a scholar of the Church Fathers as well as a historian of Christian spirituality.[citation needed]
In 1983 Williams wrote that orthodoxy should be seen "as a tool rather than an end in itself..." It is not something which stands still. Thus "old styles come under increasing strain, new speech needs to be generated".[30] He sees orthodoxy as a number of "dialogues": a constant dialogue with Christ, crucified and risen; but also that of the community of faith with the world – "a risky enterprise", as he writes. "We ought to be puzzled", he says, "when the world is not challenged by the gospel." It may mean that Christians have not understood the kinds of bondage to which the gospel is addressed.[31] He has also written that "orthodoxy is inseparable from sacramental practice... The eucharist is the paradigm of that dialogue which is 'orthodoxy'".[32] This stance may help to explain both his social radicalism and his view of the importance of the Church, and thus of the holding together of the Anglican communion over matters such as homosexuality:[citation needed] his belief in the idea of the Church is profound.
John Shelby Spong once accused Williams of being a 'neo-medievalist', preaching orthodoxy to the people in the pew but knowing in private that it is not true.[33] In an interview with Third Way Magazine Williams responded: "I am genuinely a lot more conservative than he would like me to be. Take the Resurrection. I think he has said that of course I know what all the reputable scholars think on the subject and therefore when I talk about the risen body I must mean something other than the empty tomb. But I don't. I don't know how to persuade him, but I really don't."[34]
Although generally considered an Anglo-Catholic, Williams has broad sympathies. One of his first publications, in the largely evangelical Grove Books series, has the title Eucharistic Sacrifice: the Roots of a Metaphor.[citation needed]
Moral theology[edit]
Williams' contributions to Anglican views of homosexuality were perceived as quite liberal before he became the Archbishop of Canterbury. These views are evident in a paper written by Williams called 'The Body's Grace',[35] which he originally delivered as the 10th Michael Harding Memorial Address in 1989 to the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement, and which is now part of a series of essays collected in the book Theology and Sexuality (ed. Eugene Rogers, Blackwells 2002).
Social views[edit]
His interest in and involvement with social issues is longstanding. While Chaplain of Clare College, Cambridge, Williams took part in anti-nuclear demonstrations at United States bases. In 1985, he was arrested for singing psalms as part of a protest organised by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament at Lakenheath, an American air base in Suffolk; his fine was paid by his college. At this time he was a member of the left-wing Anglo-Catholic Jubilee Group headed by Father Kenneth Leech and he collaborated with Leech in a number of publications including the anthology of essays to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Assize Sermon entitled Essays Catholic and Radical in 1983.[citation needed]
He was in New York at the time of 11 September 2001 attacks, only yards from Ground Zero delivering a lecture; he subsequently wrote a short book, 'Writing in the Dust', offering reflections on the event. In reference to Al Qaeda, he claimed that terrorists "can have serious moral goals"[36] and that "Bombast about evil individuals doesn't help in understanding anything."[37] He has subsequently worked with Muslim leaders in England, and on the third anniversary of 9/11 spoke, by invitation, at the Al-Azhar University Institute in Cairo on the subject of the Trinity. He stated that the followers of the will of God should not be led into ways of violence. He contributed to the debate prior to the 2005 United Kingdom General Election criticising assertions that immigration was a cause of crime. Williams has argued that the partial adoption of Islamic sharia law in the United Kingdom is "unavoidable" as a method of arbitration in such affairs as marriage, and should not be resisted.[38][39][40] On 15 November 2008, the Archbishop visited the Balaji Temple in Tividale, West Midlands, on a goodwill mission to represent the friendship between the two faiths of Christianity and Hinduism.[41]
Sharia law[edit]
Williams was the subject of a media and press furore in February 2008, following a lecture he gave to the Temple Foundation at the Royal Courts of Justice[42] on the subject of "Islam and English Law". He raised the question of conflicting loyalties which communities might have, cultural, religious and civic. He also argued that theology has a place in debates about the very nature of law "however hard our culture may try to keep it out" and noted that there is, in a "dominant human rights philosophy", a reluctance to acknowledge the liberty of conscientious objection. He spoke of "supplementary jurisdictions" to that of the civil law.[43] Noting the anxieties which the word sharia provoked in the West, he drew attention to the fact that there was a debate within Islam between what he called "primitivists" for whom, for instance, apostasy should still be punishable and those Muslims who argued that sharia was a developing system of Islamic jurisprudence and that such a view was no longer acceptable. He made comparisons with Orthodox Jewish practice (Beth Din) and with the recognition of the exercise of conscience of Christians.[42]
Williams's words were critically interpreted as proposing a parallel jurisdiction to the civil law for Muslims (Sharia) and were the subject of demands from elements of the press and media for his resignation.[44] He also attracted criticism from elements of the Anglican Communion.[45]
In response, Williams stated in a BBC interview that "certain provision[s] of sharia are already recognised in our society and under our law; ... we already have in this country a number of situations in which the internal law of religious communities is recognised by the law of the land as justified conscientious objections in certain circumstances in providing certain kinds of social relations" and that "we have Orthodox Jewish courts operating in this country legally and in a regulated way because there are modes of dispute resolution and customary provisions which apply there in the light of Talmud."[46] Williams also denied accusations of proposing a parallel Islamic legal system within Britain.[45] Williams also said of sharia: "In some of the ways it has been codified and practised across the world, it has been appalling and applied to women in places like Saudi Arabia, it is grim."[47]
Williams's position received more support from the legal community, following a speech given on 4 July 2008 by Lord Phillips, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. He supported the idea that sharia could be reasonably employed as a basis for "mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution". He went further to defend the position Williams had taken earlier in the year, explaining that "It was not very radical to advocate embracing sharia law in the context of family disputes, for example, and our system already goes a long way towards accommodating the archbishop's suggestion."; and that "It is possible in this country for those who are entering into a contractual agreement to agree that the agreement shall be governed by a law other than English law."[48] However, some concerns have been raised over the question of how far "embracing" sharia law would be compliant with the UK's obligation under human rights law.[49]
In March 2014, The Law Society in the UK issued instructions on how to draft sharia-compliant wills for the network of sharia courts which has grown up in Islamic communities to deal with disputes between Muslim families, and so Williams' idea of sharia in the UK has now been seen to bear fruit.[50]
Free market[edit]
In 2002 Williams delivered the Richard Dimbleby lecture and chose to talk about the problematic nature of the nation-state but also of its successors. He cited the so-called 'market state' as offering an inadequate vision of the way a state should operate, partly because it was liable to short-term and narrowed concerns (thus rendering it incapable of dealing with, for instance, issues relating to the degradation of the natural environment) and partly because a public arena which had become value-free was liable to disappear amidst the multitude of competing private interests. (He noted the same moral vacuum in British society after this visit to China in 2006.) He is not uncritical of communitarianism, but his reservations about consumerism have been a constant theme. These views have often been expressed in quite strong terms; for example, he once commented that "Every transaction in the developed economies of the West can be interpreted as an act of aggression against the economic losers in the worldwide game."[51]
Williams has supported the Robin Hood tax campaign since March 2010, re-affirming his support in a November 2011 article he published in the Financial Times.[52][53][54]
The response of Williams to a controversy about the teaching of creationism in privately sponsored academies was that it should not be taught in schools as an alternative to evolution.[55] When asked if he was comfortable with teaching creationism, he said "I think creationism is, in a sense, a kind of category mistake, as if the Bible were a theory like other theories... so if creationism is presented as a stark alternative theory alongside other theories, I think there's – there's just been a jar of categories, it's not what it's about." When the interviewer said "So it shouldn't be taught?" he responded "I don't think it should, actually. No, no. And that's different from saying–different from discussing, teaching about what creation means. For that matter, it's not even the same as saying that Darwinism is–is the only thing that ought to be taught. My worry is creationism can end up reducing the doctrine of creation rather than enhancing it."[56]
In this, Williams has maintained traditional support amongst Anglicans and their leaders for the teaching of evolution as fully compatible with Christianity. This support has dated at least back to Frederick Temple's tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury.[citation needed]
Iraq War and possible attack on Syria or Iran[edit]
Williams was to repeat his opposition to American action in October 2002 when he signed a petition against the Iraq War as being against UN ethics and Christian teaching, and 'lowering the threshold of war unacceptably'. Again on 30 June 2004, together with the Archbishop of York, David Hope, and on behalf of all 114 Church of England bishops, he wrote to Tony Blair expressing deep concern about UK government policy and criticising the coalition troops' conduct in Iraq. The letter cited the abuse of Iraqi detainees, which was described as having been "deeply damaging" – and stated that the government's apparent double standards "diminish the credibility of western governments".[57][58] In December 2006 he expressed doubts in an interview on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 about whether he had done enough to oppose the war.[59]
On 5 October 2007, Williams visited Iraqi refugees in Syria. In a BBC interview after his trip he described advocates of a United States attack on Syria or Iran as "criminal, ignorant and potentially murderous".[60] A few days earlier, the former US ambassador to the UN, John R. Bolton had called for bombing of Iran at a fringe meeting of the Conservative Party conference.[61] In Williams's Humanitas Programme lecture at the University of Oxford in January 2014, he "characterized the impulse to intervene as a need to be seen to do something rather than nothing" and advocated for "a religiously motivated nonviolence which refuses to idolise human intervention in all circumstances."[62]
When people talk about further destabilization of the region and you read some American political advisers speaking of action against Syria and Iran, I can only say that I regard that as criminal, ignorant and potentially murderous folly.[63] Rowan Williams, 5 October 2007
Opinion about hijab and terrorism[edit]
Williams objected to a proposed French law banning the wearing of the hijab, a traditional Islamic headscarf for women, in French schools. He said that the hijab and any other religious symbols should not be outlawed.[64]
Williams also spoke up against the scapegoating of Muslims in the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings on underground trains and a bus, which killed 52 and wounded about 700. The initial blame was placed on Al-Qaeda, but Muslims at large were targeted for reprisals: four mosques in England were assaulted and Muslims were verbally insulted in streets and their cars and houses were vandalised. Williams strongly condemned the terrorist attacks and stated that they could not be justified. However, he added that "any person can commit a crime in the name of religion and it is not particularly Islam to be blamed. Some persons committed deeds in the name of Islam but the deeds contradict Islamic belief and philosophy completely."[65]
Interview with Emel magazine[edit]
In November 2007, Williams gave an interview for Emel magazine, a British Muslim magazine.[66] Williams condemned the United States and certain Christian groups for their role in the Middle East, while his criticism of some trends within Islam went largely unreported. As reported by The Times, he was greatly critical of the United States, the Iraq war, and Christian Zionists, yet made "only mild criticisms of the Islamic world".[67] He claimed "the United States wields its power in a way that is worse than Britain during its imperial heyday". He compared Muslims in Britain to the Good Samaritans, praised Muslim salat ritual of five prayers a day, but said in Muslim nations, the "present political solutions aren't always very impressive".[citation needed]
Position on Freemasonry[edit]
In a leaked private letter, Williams said that he "had real misgivings about the compatibility of Masonry and Christian profession" and that while he was Bishop of Monmouth he had prevented the appointment of Freemasons to senior positions within his diocese. The leaking of this letter in 2003 caused a controversy, which he sought to defuse by apologising for the distress caused and stating that he did not question "the good faith and generosity of individual Freemasons", not least as his father had been a Freemason. However, he also reiterated his concern about Christian ministers adopting "a private system of profession and initiation, involving the taking of oaths of loyalty."[68]
Unity of the Anglican Communion[edit]
Williams became Archbishop of Canterbury at a particularly difficult time in the relations of the churches of the Anglican Communion. His predecessor, George Carey, had sought to keep the peace between the theologically conservative primates of the Communion such as Peter Akinola of Nigeria and Drexel Gomez of the West Indies and liberals such as Frank Griswold, the then Primate of the US Episcopal Church and others elsewhere.[citation needed]
In 2003, in an attempt to encourage dialogue, Williams appointed Archbishop Robin Eames, the Primate of All Ireland, as Chairman of the Lambeth Commission on Communion, to examine the challenges to the unity of the Communion, stemming from the consecration of Gene Robinson as the Bishop of New Hampshire, and the blessing of same-sex unions in the Diocese of New Westminster. (Robinson was in a same-sex relationship.) The Windsor Report, as it was called, was published in October 2004. It recommended solidifying the connection between the churches of the Communion by having each church ratify an "Anglican Covenant" that would commit them to consulting the wider Communion when making major decisions. It also urged those who had contributed to disunity to express their regret.[citation needed]
In November 2005, following a meeting of Anglicans of the "global south" in Cairo at which Williams had addressed them in conciliatory terms, 12 primates who had been present sent him a letter sharply criticising his leadership which said that "We are troubled by your reluctance to use your moral authority to challenge the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada."[69] The letter acknowledged his eloquence but strongly criticised his reluctance to take sides in the communion's theological crisis and urged him to make explicit threats to those more liberal churches. Questions were later asked about the authority and provenance of the letter as two additional signatories' names had been added although they had left the meeting before it was produced. Subsequently the Church of Nigeria appointed an American cleric to deal with relations between the United States and Nigerian churches outside the normal channels. Williams expressed his reservations about this to the General Synod.
Williams later established a working party to examine what a "covenant" between the provinces of the Anglican Communion would mean in line with the Windsor Report.[citation needed]
Comments on the British Government[edit]
On 8 June 2011, Williams said that the British Government was committing Britain to "radical, long-term policies for which no-one voted". Writing in the New Statesman magazine, Williams raised concerns about the coalition's health, education and welfare reforms. He said there was "indignation" due to a lack of "proper public argument". He also said that the "Big Society" idea was viewed with "widespread suspicion", noting also that "we are still waiting for a full and robust account of what the Left would do differently and what a Left-inspired version of localism would look like". The article also said there was concern that the government would abandon its responsibility for tackling child poverty, illiteracy and poor access to the best schools. He also expressed concern about the "quiet resurgence of the seductive language of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor" and the steady pressure to increase "what look like punitive responses to alleged abuses of the system".[70] In response, David Cameron said that he "profoundly disagreed" with Williams's claim that the government was forcing through "radical policies for which no one voted". Cameron said that the government was acting in a "good and moral" fashion and defended the "Big Society" and the Coalition's deficit reduction, welfare and education plans. "I am absolutely convinced that our policies are about actually giving people a greater responsibility and greater chances in their life, and I will defend those very vigorously", he said. "By all means let us have a robust debate but I can tell you, it will always be a two-sided debate."[71]
On 26 November 2013, at Clare College, Cambridge, Williams gave the annual T. S. Eliot Lecture, with the title Eliot's Christian Society and the current political crisis. In this, he recalled the poet's assertion that a competent agnostic would make a better prime minister than an incompetent Christian. "I don't know what he would make of our present prime minister," he said. "I have a suspicion that he might have approved of him. I don't find that a very comfortable thought." [72]
Williams did his doctoral work on Vladimir Lossky, a prominent Russian Orthodox theologian of the early-mid 20th century.[73] He is currently patron of the Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius, an ecumenical forum for Orthodox and Western (primarily Anglican) Christians. He has expressed his continuing sympathies with Orthodoxy in lectures and writings since that time.
Williams has written on Saint Teresa of Avila, a Spanish Roman Catholic mystic. On the death of Pope John Paul II, he accepted an invitation to attend his funeral, the first Archbishop of Canterbury to attend a funeral of a Pope since the break under King Henry VIII. He also attended the inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI. During the Pope's state visit to the United Kingdom in September 2010, the two led a service together at Westminster Abbey.[74]
Williams said in April 2010 that the child sex abuse scandal in the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland had been a "colossal trauma" for Ireland in particular. His remarks were condemned by the second most senior Roman Catholic bishop in Ireland, the Archbishop of Dublin, Diarmuid Martin, who said that "Those working for renewal in the Catholic Church in Ireland did not need this comment on this Easter weekend and do not deserve it."[75]
- Dostoevsky: Language, Faith and Fiction (Baylor University Press, 2008); ISBN 1-84706-425-6
- Foreword to W. H. Auden in Great Poets of the 20th century series, The Guardian, 12 March 2008.
- Where God Happens: Discovering Christ in One Another (New Seeds, 14 August 2007)
- Wrestling with Angels: Conversations in Modern Theology, ed. Mike Higton (2007 SCM Press) ISBN 0-334-04095-7
- Tokens of Trust. An introduction to Christian belief. (2007 Canterbury Press)
- Grace and Necessity: Reflections on Art and Love (2005)
- Why Study the Past? The Quest for the Historical Church (2005 Eerdmans)
- Anglican Identities (2004) ISBN 1-56101-254-8
- Darkness Yielding, co-authored with Jim Cotter, Martyn Percy, Sylvia Sands and W. H. Vanstone (2004) ISBN 1-870652-36-3
- The Dwelling of the Light—Praying with Icons of Christ (2003 Canterbury Press)
- Lost Icons: Essays on Cultural Bereavement (2003 T & T Clark)
- Silence and Honey Cakes: The Wisdom of the Desert (2003) ISBN 0-7459-5170-8
- Faith and Experience in Early Monasticism (2002)
- Ponder These Things: Praying With Icons of the Virgin (Canterbury Press, 2002)
- Writing in the Dust: Reflections on 11 September and Its Aftermath (Hodder and Stoughton, 2002)
- The Poems of Rowan Williams (2002)
- Arius: Heresy and Tradition (2nd ed. 2001 SCM Press) ISBN 0-334-02850-7
- Christ on Trial (2000) ISBN 0-00-710791-9
- On Christian Theology (2000)
- Faith in the University (1989)
- After Silent Centuries (1994)
- Open to Judgement: Sermons and Addresses (Darton, Longman and Todd, 1994)
- Teresa of Avila (1991) ISBN 0-225-66579-4
- Christianity and the Ideal of Detachment (1989)
- Politics and Theological Identity (with David Nicholls) (Jubilee 1984)
- Open to Judgement: Sermons and Addresses (1984)
- Peacemaking Theology (1984)
- The Truce of God (London: Fount, 1983)
- Essays Catholic and Radical (Bowerdean 1983) (ed. with K. Leech)
- Eucharistic Sacrifice: The Roots of a Metaphor (1982 Grove Books)
- Resurrection: Interpreting the Easter Gospel (1982 Darton, Longman and Todd)
- The Wound of Knowledge (1979 Darton, Longman and Todd)
- The Theology of Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky: an Exposition and Critique (1975 DPhil thesis)
For a detailed bibliography for 1972–2005, see kai euthus.
Honours and awards[edit]
- Sitara-e-Pakistan, 2012[76]
- Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), 1990
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL), 2003
- Membership in the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, 2002
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I, 2004
- Honorary doctorates: University of Kent, DD, 2003; University of Wales, DD, 2003; Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät, University of Bonn, Dr. theol. honoris causa, 2004; University of Oxford DCL, 2005; University of Cambridge DD, 2006; Wycliffe College, University of Toronto, DD, 2007; Trinity College, University of Toronto, DD, 2007; Durham University, DD, 2007; Rikkyo University, DD, 2009; St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, DD, 2010; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,[77] Belgium, DD, 2011; King's College London DD honoris causa, 2011; Honorary Doctorate Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012; Collegium Augustinianum Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology, DD honoris causa, 2013,[78] University of South Wales, DUniv, 2013
- Honorary Student of Christ Church, Oxford
- Honorary Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford
- Honorary Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge
- Honorary Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge
- Order of Friendship (Russia), 2010[79]
- Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales (FLSW), 2010
- Freedom of the City of Canterbury, Kent [80]
- Royal Victorian Chain, 2012
- Life peerage (announced 26 December 2012;[8] created 8 January and gazetted 11 January 2013[9] as Baron Williams of Oystermouth, of Oystermouth in the City and County of Swansea.
- Honorary Fellow of Glyndŵr University, Wrexham
Styles and titles[edit]
- Rowan Williams (1950–1975)
- Dr Rowan Williams (1975–1978)
- The Revd Dr Rowan Williams (1978–1986)
- The Revd Professor Rowan Williams (academia: 1986–1992)
- The Revd Canon Rowan Williams (church: 1986–1992)
- The Rt Revd Dr Rowan Williams (personal: 1992–1999)
- His Grace The Lord Bishop of Monmouth (office: 1992–1999)
- The Most Revd Dr Rowan Williams (personal: 1999–2002)
- His Grace The Lord Archbishop of Wales and Lord Bishop of Monmouth (office: 1999–2002)
- The Most Revd and Rt Hon Dr Rowan Williams (personal: 2002–2012)
- His Grace The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (office: 2002–2012)
- The Rt Revd and Rt Hon Dr Rowan Williams (1–8 January 2013)
- The Rt Revd and Rt Hon The Lord Williams of Oystermouth PC (8 January 2013–present)[9]
- ^ Church of England – Archbishop of Canterbury
- ^ Archbishop of Canterbury – About Rowan Williams
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams to stand down". BBC News. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury: Vote to confirm Justin Welby". January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ See Profile of Master at Magdalene College, Cambridge; BBC Russian.com interview with Williams: ``Я читаю на девяти или десяти языках, но говорю только на трех. (I read nine or ten languages, but speak only three.)
- ^ http://www.tcs.cam.ac.uk/interviews/0023845-interview-rowan-williams.html
- ^ a b Dr Rowan Williams
- ^ a b 10 Downing St – Peerage for the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (accessed 26 December 2012)
- ^ a b c The London Gazette: no. 60389. p. 477. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
- ^ "15 January 2013". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) (UK: House of Lords). col. 585. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ "About Rowan Williams". Archbishop of Canterbury. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
- ^ British Academy Website
- ^ Archbishop of Canterbury – Williams confirmed in office (Accessed 4 January 2013)
- ^ "About Oxford, Annual Review". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ "The Religion Report: 5 March 2003 – Homosexuality and the churches, pt. 2". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ "Archbishop's New Statesman magazine interview". The Archbishop of Canterbury. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ Асланян, Анна (12 November 2008). "Между алгеброй и гармонией". Culture (in Russian) (Bush House, London: BBCRussian.com). Retrieved 16 November 2008. "... он [Роуэн Уильямс] овладел русским специально для того, чтобы изучать Достоевского в оригинале."
- ^ "Archbishop becomes druid". BBC News. 5 August 2002. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ "King James Bible: Queen marks 400th anniversary". BBC News. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "Archbishop Hails King James Bible". EXPRESS UK News. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "BBC Two: Goodbye to Canterbury". BBC. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ a b Gledhill, Ruth (2010-02-10). "Splitting the Anglican church may heal division, says Archbishop of Canterbury". The Australian & The Times. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ Magdalene College website.
- ^ USW website.
- ^ "About Us". Catching Lives. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ http://www.peacemala.org.uk/patrons/rowan.html
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Board at christianaid.org.uk
- ^ Essays Catholic and Radical (Bowerdean 1983)
- ^ Politics and Theological Identity (Jubilee 1984)
- ^ Essays Catholic and Radical, (Ibid.)
- ^ Anthony, Andrew (10 February 2008). "Profile: Rowan Williams". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ Grace under Pressure?[dead link]
- ^ "The Body's Grace". Igreens.org.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Terrorists can have serious moral goals, says Williams, telegraph.co.uk 15 October 2003
- ^ Tales of Canterbury's Future? A terror apologist may soon lead the Church of England., Wall Street Journal, 12 July 2002
- ^ Sharia law in UK is 'unavoidable', BBC News, 7 February 2008
- ^ Libby Purves, Sharia in Britain? We think not.., Times Online, 7 February 2008
- ^ Church in a State – The Archbishop of Canterbury has made a grave mistake, 2008-02-08 Times Online
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams will visit the Shri Venkateswara (Balaji) temple in Tividale". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ a b Civil and Religious Law in England: a Religious Perspective. 7 February 2008 http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/1575
- ^ Cranmer, Frank (2008). "A Court of Law, Not Morals?". Law & Justice 160: 13–24.
- ^ Cranmer, Frank (2008). "The Archbishop and Sharia". Law & Justice 160: 4.
- ^ a b Judi Bottoni. "Archbishop denies asking for Islamic law". MSN. Retrieved 9 February 2008.
- ^ "BBC Interview – Radio 4 World at One". Archbishop of Canterbury. 7 February 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Archbishop slams detention regime". BBC News. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
- ^ "Sharia law 'could have UK role'". BBC News. 4 July 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ Thom Dyke, "Sense on sharia". Prospect. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ^ telegraph.co.uk: "Islamic law is adopted by British legal chiefs" 23 Mar 2014
- ^ Mullen, Peter (7 September 2004). "I despair at the 9/11 naivety of Rowan Williams -Times Online". The Times (UK). Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Archbishop Rowan Williams and Richard Curtis (14 March 2010). "Think tank: Hit the City with a Robin Hood tax". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ Rowan Williams (2011-11-01). "Time for us to challenge the idols of high finance" ((registration required)). The Financial Times. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ George Parker (2 November 2011). "Archbishop backs 'Robin Hood tax'" ((registration required)). The Financial Times. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ Stephen Bates, religious affairs correspondent (21 March 2006). "Archbishop: stop teaching creationism". London: Education.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ Close (21 March 2006). "Transcript: Rowan Williams interview". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Archbishops slam Iraq jail abuse, BBC News, 30 June 2004
- ^ "Archbishops Warn Blair over Iraq Prisoner Abuse". The Scotsman. 29 June 2004. Retrieved 12 August 2013. Archived at Wayback Machine.
- ^ "BBC NEWS, UK, Archbishop's 'regrets' over Iraq". BBC News. 29 December 2006. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ "BBC NEWS, UK, Archbishop speaks of Iraq damage". BBC News. 5 October 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Taylor, Ros (30 September 2007). "Bolton calls for bombing of Iran". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Ritzema, John (6 February 2014). "Seated at the right hand of Power: Rowan Williams on faith and force". Oxonian Review. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ^ Gledhill, Ruth (6 October 2007). "Archbishop: Iraq far worse than acknowledged". The Times (UK). Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ Arab West Report (26 July 2008). "(Arab West Report: art. 38, 52 – 2003)". Arabwestreport.info. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ Arab West Report: Art. 28, Week 31/2005, 27 July – 2 August
- ^ The Archbishop of Canterbury, Emel magazine
- ^ US is 'worst' imperialist: archbishop, Times Online, 25 November 2007
- ^ Oborne, Peter (20 April 2003). "Rowan Williams apologises to Freemasons". The Daily Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ The Church Times: 26 November 2005
- ^ Archbishop of Canterbury criticises coalition policies
- ^ David Cameron hits back at the Archbishop of Canterbury
- ^ [3]
- ^ Rowan Douglas Williams (February 1975). The theology of Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky: an exposition and critique (DPhil). University of Oxford. OCLC 863503770. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ Imogen Levy and Duck Soup http://ducksoupdev.co.uk. "Westminster Abbey – Historic Abbey service for Pope". Westminster-abbey.org. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ David Batty (3 April 2010). "Archbishop of Canterbury: Irish Catholic church has lost all credibility". Guardian (UK). Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- ^ Our Correspondent (14 August 2012). "Recognising excellence". The Tribune Express, 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ K.U.Leuven celebrates commitment to European society, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Retrieved on 15 January 2011.
- ^ http://augustinianum.us/degreeprograms.html
- ^ "Dr Rowan Williams is honoured for work on Russia". BBC. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ "Archbishop of Canterbury receives freedom of city". BBC. 17 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
External links[edit]
|Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Rowan Williams
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rowan Williams.
- Archbishop of Canterbury official site
- Anglican Communion official website
- Canterbury Cathedral official site
- BBC profile
- "The Archbishop's guide to Muslim intolerance" – critical op-ed originally published in Haaretz
- "Early Christianity and Today: Some Shared Questions", lecture for Gresham College in St Paul's Cathedral on 4 June 2008 (available in text, MP3 and MP4 formats).
- Chronology according to Rowan Williams
- "Archbishops attack profiteers and 'bank robbers' in City"
- Interview of Williams by James Macintyre
- Text of lecture delivered at the World Council of Churches Ecumenical Centre, Geneva on 28 February 2012.
- www.debretts.co.uk
|Church in Wales titles
|Preceded by
Royston Clifford Wright
|Bishop of Monmouth
|Succeeded by
Dominic Walker
|Preceded by
Alwyn Rice Jones
|Archbishop of Wales
|Succeeded by
Barry Morgan
|Church of England titles
|Preceded by
George Carey
|Archbishop of Canterbury
|Succeeded by
Justin Welby
|Academic offices
|Preceded by
Duncan Robinson
|Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge
- 1950 births
- Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
- Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford
- College of the Resurrection alumni
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- Living people
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- Systematic theologians
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- Ordained peers
- Masters of Magdalene College, Cambridge
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text:
Stan Dorn
Stan Dorn, J.D. is a senior fellow at the Urban Institute. He is an expert on the Patient Protection and Affordable Coverage Act, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), federal programs to subsidize coverage for laid-off workers, and strategies to maximize coverage among individuals who qualify for subsidies.
Before Urban, Mr. Dorn was Senior Policy Analyst at the Economic and Social Research Institute, where he focused on strategies to cover the uninsured; Director of the Health Consumer Alliance, a consortium of legal services groups that help low-income Californians obtain health care; Health Division Director at the Children's Defense Fund, where he led the organization's health policy team in a national campaign that helped pass CHIP; and Managing Attorney of the National Health Law Program's Washington office. Mr. Dorn is a graduate of Harvard College and the Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California at Berkeley.
Publications by Stan Dorn
Overlapping Eligibility and Enrollment: Human Services and Health Programs Under the Affordable Care Act (Research Report)
Stan Dorn, Julia Isaacs, Sarah Minton, Erika Huber, Paul Johnson, Matthew Buettgens, Laura Wheaton
Tax Preparers Could Help Most Uninsured Get Covered (Policy Briefs/Timely Analysis of Health Policy Issues)
Stan Dorn, Matthew Buettgens, Jay Dev
Redistribution Under the ACA is Modest in Scope (Policy Briefs/Timely Analysis of Health Policy Issues)
Stan Dorn, Bowen Garrett, John Holahan
Using Past Income Data to Verify Current Medicaid Eligibility (Research Report)
Stan Dorn, Matthew Buettgens, Christopher Hildebrand, Habib Moody
Administrative Renewal, Accuracy of Redetermination Outcomes, and Administrative Costs (Research Report)
Stan Dorn, Matthew Buettgens
The HealthPolicyCenter.Org site contains papers and publications dating back to the year 2000. For older work by the Center's staff, please visit the main Urban Institute site, www.urban.org.


text:
I'm shaking things up this year! Thanksgiving has always been a time for us to buck tradition a bit. For many years as young marrieds, we avoided the "whose family will we visit this year" dilemma by packing up our own growing family and going camping for Thanksgiving. Although the food was traditional fare, we cooked an entire Thanksgiving dinner on a campsite. As years passed, I evolved into the default hostess for almost all major family celebrations, including Thanksgiving. And although I usually experiment with the menu a little, the food is still pretty predictable.
Bored with the prospect of all that work for the same old thing, for just a brief moment or two I flirted with the idea of going out for Thanksgiving dinner. I just wasn't looking forward to the usual turkey and the same old side dishes. There's nothing wrong with the traditional bird, it just doesn't excite me. But why go out and still eat the same old stuff? Besides, I got a lot of flack from the kids when they got a mere whiff of "mom's not cooking??" They promised to help cook so it was quickly on to an inspired Plan B.
Where's the law that says Thanksgiving MUST include turkey? Sure, it's tradition but what's the point in carrying on a tradition no one is crazy about to begin with? I've been looking for a reason to do a standing rib roast and this seems like the perfect opportunity. I still got a little resistance from a kid or two. "What? No turkey? It can't be Thanksgiving without turkey!" So I issued an ultimatum. Choose your tradition. You can have turkey for Thanksgiving or Italian for Christmas, but I'm doing a rib roast on one of those occasions. It took him about half a second to decide he wasn't giving up sausage, meatballs and lasagna on Christmas.
The roast is the centerpiece, with a variety of fresh vegetable side dishes to suit a variety of palates. The bread pudding will make a tasty stand-in for dressing, although one kid might make a batch of dressing for tradition's sake. Pretty (and easy) Hasselback potatoes are a lot less boring than plain old mashed. The carrots might lose the lavender as they gain a little honey. The mix of tried-and-true and new recipes will make cooking pretty easy.
Next year we might go back to Turkey and Dressing. But then again, this might be a big enough hit that it sticks around to become a new tradition.
Standing Rib Roast
Red Wine Gravy
Yeast Rolls
Sourdough Sage Bread Pudding
Pumpkin Spice Cake topped with Whipped Cream and Ginger Pear Preserves


text:
WARNER ROBINS -- City Council put together the final puzzle pieces to build a new Warner Robins fire station at a Monday meeting, while giving little attention to a draft city budget.
The council approved more than $900,000 in expenses to launch construction of the new fire station near Ga. 96 and Cartwright Drive. The city will pay $889,573 -- the biggest expense of the project -- to International City Builders to manage and build the station. Fire Chief Robert Singletary said Monday that his staff had cut the project and kept negotiating, bringing the cost down about $101,000 in just the past two weeks.
Singletary told The Telegraph he hopes construction will begin in the next month, and could be completed by July 2015. The fire station will help the growing south side of town directly, but it also will bolster the citys overall fire protection, which includes six other stations.
It will provide service to approximately 3,000 occupancies. With the (Ga.) 96 widening, once this gets completed, theres no telling what kind of commercial growth were going to have in that area, he said.
Councilman Chuck Shaheen said theres a possibility the new station will help the entire city by lowering fire insurance ratings, which would lower home insurance rates for homeowners across the city.
The fire station is something thats going to affect every citizen in Warner Robins, Shaheen said.
The citys last fire station, on Lake Joy Road, opened in 1996. The Ga. 96 station, like that one, is also planned to host a police precinct.
Mayor Randy Toms said teamwork across departments made the station possible. Toms spent the weekend trying to figure out how to close a big budget gap. The answer was finalized just 10 minutes before Mondays meetings began, he said.
To close a budget gap of nearly $300,000, the city will buy police cars with condemned police department funds, some of which come from police seizures. That freed another $300,000 in sales-tax proceeds earmarked for public safety, Toms told The Telegraph.
City Council members did not discuss Toms proposed $37.2 million budget. The budget calls for a 3-percent adjustment to the pay scale, an increase of about $900,000 for health care spending, and a $200,000 change in workers compensation funds. To balance the budget, the city would draw $521,717 from its financial reserves and take another $600,000 from its natural gas fund.
Three residents spoke at a four-minute-long public hearing on the budget. Alex Talley urged council members to work from the actual budget rather than a summary.
The budget that youre about to approve is not the budget youre about to spend, she said.
A second reading is expected June 16.
Council members also gave a first reading to increases in water and sewer rates. Councilman Mike Davis said the citys rates are in the lower third of rates in the state. The changes are expected to add $3.37 a month to the average residential customers bill and $5 a month to the average business customers bill. Davis said the increases are necessary to ensure the city can pay off a $28 million bond on a water treatment plant.


text:
JACKSON, MS (WLBT) - Plenty of warm weather will stick around for Tuesday, highs are expected to climb into the mid 80s. A Lake Wind Advisory in effect for portions of Arkansas and Louisiana will stop just short of Mississippi. However, we'll still have very breezy conditions in our neck of the woods. Winds will move steadily, especially in the afternoon hours, 10-20mph. Tuesday night, a few scattered clouds will accompany temps falling into the lower 60s. Wednesday, the warmer than usual pattern continues as temps push right back into the 80s again.
Copyright 2011 WLBT. All rights reserved.


text:
Milkshake (82178) is the Cat of the Day from the Oregon Humane Society.
Three year old Milkshake is such a sweetie! He is very shy and can be nervous in new situations. For this reason, he will need a quiet home with older children. Milkshake has a lot to offer, he just needs a little time to adjust. He loves to be around other cats and may benefit from having a feline companion in his new home. Do you have a place in your home and your heart for him?
Milkshake's adoption fee is $55, which includes a collar, ID tag, microchip, cat carrier, free vet examination, one month of pet health insurance, and plenty of information. All pets at the Oregon Humane Society are spayed or neutered and subject to prior adoption. Visit Milkshake at 1067 NE Columbia Blvd., or call 503-285-7722 for more information.


text:
Sirloin Marinara74 Reviews 2 Pics
Prep15 m
Cook15 m
Ready In30 m
"This sounded good one day, and I decided to make it for dinner one night, and my family loved it. Try serving over garlic mashed potatoes."
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Adjust Servings
Original recipe yields 8 servings
- Heat the oil in a 10 inch skillet over medium high heat. Add the onions and saute until tender, about 5 minutes. Add the steak strips, turning so that all sides get browned, about 10 minutes.
- Add the tomato sauce, garlic and red wine. Reduce heat to low and simmer for 10 to 15 minutes, or until the steak is cooked through.
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Reviews (74)Rate This Recipe
This dish is deceivingly delicous!!! When I told my boyfriend I was making it for dinner he wasn't too sure about pasta sauce over steak but after he tried it he couldn't believe the unique taste it had. The juices from the steak along with the wine totally change the flavor of the pasta sauce (I used chunky mushroom). I did cut the pasta sauce down to 1 1/2 cups and sauteed the garlic with the onions, and served it over garlic mashed potatoes as suggested. It was WONDERFUL!! Thanks for the great recipe!
This recipe is delicious. I serve it frequently over garlic mashed potatoes. Sometimes for a quick meal, I evev use the instant garlic mashed. The sauce has a wonderful flavor that transforms itself and tastes nothing like the original pasta sauce. I also was worried that it would taste like "spaghetti sauce with steak strips", but it doesn't. It's a great recipe and part of our monthly rotation.
I can't say enough good things about this recipe. Not only was it delicious it was so simple to put together. I can see myself making this at least two or three times a month. Thank you SO much for sharing this!
Similar Recipes
Herb Rubbed Sirloin Tip Roast
Sirloin Steak with Garlic Butter
Sensational Sirloin Kabobs
Sirloin Tips and Mushrooms
Adobo Sirloin
Garlic Top Sirloin Pot Roast
Amount Per Serving (8 total)
- Calories
- 276 cal
- 14%
- Fat
- 15.4 g
- 24%
- Carbs
- 10.5 g
- 3%
- Protein
- 20 g
- 40%
- Cholesterol
- 62 mg
- 21%
- Sodium
- 300 mg
- 12%
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
previous recipe:
Herb Rubbed Sirloin Tip Roast
next recipe:
Sirloin Steak with Garlic Butter


text:
- CrackBerry Abuser
12-20-2012, 03:44 PM Thread Author #1
- Posts
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- Global Posts
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I don't know about all of you, but I love my BB....don't care what anyone one says, I am going to get a BB10.............I am just kind of SICK if hearing all this **** of talking about other phones....if you want to talk about Iphone go to Iphone forum...dont come here and give is your opinon of the BB.....if you dont like BB FINE...then to go to your HOME ROOM and talk about it there...we are all BB lover her..................if you cant handle it then LEAVE ................Harold C.
St. Peters, Mo 63376
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I hear you buddy and I share your frustration.
I don't think that's going to convince the haters/trolls though.
But yeah, you'd figure they'd have better things to do then to take a dump on a brand/product they don't care much about.
- CrackBerry Addict
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I guess some people are born to stir up trouble and you only empower them by paying attention to them, ignore them and keep loving your BB! Its BlackBerry luurv all the way over here, BB10 cometh, rejoice!Aim at heaven and you will get earth thrown in. Aim at earth and you get neither.
C. S. Lewis (Mat 6:33)
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False. The open discussion of other phones and the faults of BB is what will make it better. For years RIM ignored or didn't care about its shortcomings, and that is why it is in such a dire situation now.
Did BB lovers really love everything about their Bold, maybe yes, what about the slight incremental upgrades the bold 2 got? Maybe no.
And that is where RIM has stalled at, they make a nice product, then would only add 128 MB of memory or something lame like that. They don't have to be the best at everything, but hearing what consumers want (bigger screens) and other companies are delivering (better browsers) has made BB better today than it was 2 years ago. I can't do half the things I do on my Torch 9810, that I could do on the curve 8900. And BB10 will be an even bigger jump, thanks to nothing but other people talking about other phones, wanting other phones, and pushing RIM to evolve.
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Kia Sportage Maintenance and Repair
djbj2012 Posts: 1My 99 Sportage is finally giving up on me. My check engine light has came on before and I fixed the car with a tune up. Now the check engine light is flashing. I have changed spark plugs, wires, and a coil pack. I still have same problem... Misfire on cylinder 4. Idles really rough when sitting and gets horrible gas mileage. Does anyone have any suggestions. I am out of solutions.
First check fluid level in brake reservoir; fill up as necessary.
IF this does not correct the problem, provoque auto adjustment or rear brakes in the following manner:
find a place where you can back-up 10-15 feet without danger.
Engage in reverse, then accelerate fast then brake hard to a stop
FOrward where you were and repeat 10 times. After this operation, you will probably feel the brake pedal travel has shortened.
Auto adjust for rear brakes operates in backward only and if brake is always used softly in reverse, brakes do not adjust and take more and more travel to apply and while front pads are always tight, it takes more travel to apply the rear and this mismatch causes BRAKE light to come ON"
I have changed ...a coil pack.
A few "simple" checks first:
Confirm you have changed the rear coil pack..
Also..confirm which light is flashing: CEL or HOLD ?
Was there any oil on plug 4?
CHeck gas filler cap is tight and all hoses to purge tank (front of battery) are OK.
CHeck that all hoses that connect ot top of fuel tank are OK (remove cover under rear right seat).
Remove and clean Idle Air COntrol valve
Measure voltage when engine runs.14 to 14.5 volts desired.
Misfire on cylinder 4. Idles really rough when sitting and gets horrible gas mileage
..I"d expect more codes..that sounds like improper fuel mixture. Can you check codes again? (MAF, O2..)
mbragg Posts: 8Ok should the fuel pump buzz when you first turn key because I hear nothing I have changed pump and both relays. When hoses are off of pump and you turn key barley any gas comes out but when you press pedal there is more pressure but no 45 psi. and also I tried to check connections under battery tray but how are you supposed to remove tray or get under tray to check.
Instead of looking for failed grounds, I'd run new grounds from battery to engine block and then to some body contact, say firewall. The info about grounds under battery is passed forward from another forum member, I've not checked that out myself.
You say "when pressing pedal there is more pressure"....this implies the engine is running, right? ANd indeed the regulator senses vacuum and increases fuel pressure with depressing throttle.
With the new pump you have, I'd look for other causes. Unhappily, this problem comes frequently and other than some that were solved with changing the fuel pump relay, other definitive causes have not been clearly reported.
Did you feed the pump direct with 12V and listen to the sound it makes or the resulting fuel pressure? Do you have access to a fuel pressure gauge?
I would also install a voltmeter to measure is 12V is applied to the fuel pump relay coil contacts : you need help to do that as it shoudl show for only 1 or 2 sec when first turning the key to ON. You must read it on the first try cause the computer will prevent repetitive primer to avoid flooding if key is turned to ON repetitively with too small a delay .
Hi i drive my 1999 kia sportage around town all the time and i have never had a problem with the temp gage going above half way. I took it on the freeway tonight and a few minutes into driving the gage went all the way to the H :sick: i then just turned the heat on and it lowered it a little and kept it stable until i was able to get back home. I am just wondering if this could be the thermostat and if so howw do i go about changing it. I am used to Hondas so i have no idea where it even is on my kia. Any help would be great thanks..
Depends in which environment you are driving. Failure of fan clutch has been reported a number of times ...that would have more impact in hot weather, if A/C is used but much less on the open road as windstream is generally enough to control temperature. Remember that DEF and HEAT/DEF positions on the heater trig the A/C ON without asking you for the permission.
Thermostat is here:
Ok i have another quick question how many fans are supposed to be infront of the radiator. as i am looking and i only have one, and when i turn the air conditioner on it works fine (is that the same fan that would be cooling my car off?) I am so confused as i know with teh civics it was usually just the thermostat and it was an easy fix. Also i was wondering if you had a cure for my lights, my headlights as well as the lights inside my car are pulsating is there anything i can do to fix that? I thought i had seen someone with the similair problem on here but i was unable to find the post.. I just want to say i really appriciate all the help you are giving me on this car..
THere is one electric fan ahead of the radiator, and the clutch fan between engine and rad. THe electric fan is turned on with the A/C....I have not checked if it would kick ON at a given coolant temperature even without the A/C.
Several owners have replaced the clutch fan with an electric fan when they figured out the clutch was shot..
THe "pulsating" headlights let me think the alternator belt is slipping....can you have a helper make a real time voltage measurement when that happens? (possibly from the lighter plug). WHen that occurs, what happens if you turn the heater blower off?
Ok i just got back from driving the car and the fan was running and the temp gauge actually went to hot just driving around town. I am assuming that would be the thermostat sticking.
Now my next question would be what kind of instrument would i need to check the voltage? And in answer to your question about the heater when i turn it on they pulsate worse.
I have a 2001 sportage, there is no power it feels like it is running out of gas. I have just replaced the air filter, coil, sparkplugs, timing belt, water pump, fuel filter and then had to change the battery. Could this be the fuel pump and if so is there a way to check prior to purchasing a new one.
Ort102 wrote: Ok i just got back from driving the car and the fan was running and the temp gauge actually went to hot just driving around town. I am assuming that would be the thermostat sticking. Now my next question would be what kind of instrument would i need to check the voltage? And in answer to your question about the heater when i turn it on they pulsate worse.
WHere do you live? What is the outside temperature? Yes begin by simply removing the thermostat....open, remove and close: this will make or break the thermostat hypothesis. There are other more severe causes that would keep the temp high even without a thermostat....like a blown head gasket...but it is not a common issue with the Sporty: there are a few cases, but not a common syndrome like the GM3.4
OBviously your alternator does not deliver high amps and is overloaded by heavy demand....again I'd check alternator belt for wear and tightness. I think it slips. Otherwise, the built in regulator can be shot...go with the belt first. If it pulses like you say, then voltage goes up and down...and a common electrician multimeter , digital or needle type, 20$ range, will simply confirm....but then even the steady state voltage could be interesting if tightening (changing) the belt does not cure the problem. NOrmal voltage when engine runs should be 14.1 - 14.7
sue45 wrote:
I have a 2001 sportage, there is no power it feels like it is running out of gas. I have just replaced the air filter, coil, sparkplugs, timing belt, water pump, fuel filter and then had to change the battery. Could this be the fuel pump and if so is there a way to check prior to purchasing a new one.
...had to change the battery....??? why?
WHen voltage runs low (for alternator problem) engine starts being erratic : injectors do not fire, spark is poor, ..and battery runs down. Test voltage (14.2-14.7)
(if that was original battery....it was expected death).
Testing for fuel pressure at fuel rail (40 psi) will make the point about fuel pump....
don't change the fuel pump just for testing!
There have been cases of blocked catalyser....again do not change a catalyser just for testing....disconnect exhaust and run a test with a lot of noise....(That's fun)...
I live in ohio and it was actually in theh 40's last night when it started. then today the temp has dropped drastically and is expected to drop more tomorrow. How would i know if the head gasket was blown? I also went to the part store and bought a new thermostat however, i have to wait til tomorrow to replace it due to the fact they did not have the gasket in.
I will also tomorrow check on the belt and see if it is loose, if it is is there any certain torque it needs to be set at or should i just tighten it? The as soon as i can get my hands on a multimeter i will check the voltage. now would i stick both the pos and neg in the cig lighter or just the positive?
Thanks again
THe positive probe on center of lighter plug, the negative to any metal part of the body, including the outside ring of the lighter plug. Of course, you can test direct on the battery posts .
BLown gasket will show other signs: heater will provide sporadic heat, temp needle will fluctuate, steaming, having to top off the radiator and coolant tank from time to time....
Removing the radiator cap and running engine after topping off the rad if necessary could show gaz bubbles coming out (that is exhaust leaking into the cooling system). A few "air" bubbles to begin with is not a concern but a gasket leak can give a regular outpour of bubbles.
Hi i have one more question i replaced the thermostat today and i noticed that there was coolant leaking from the casing before i actually replaced it. Now my question would be when i start the car with the radiator cap off the water does not get sucked down. It actually shoots up real quick then just goes back to the original resting place. Also after driving the guage once again started shooting up towards the H, but was easier to regulate with the heater.What could this be?
Thanks again stressed :sick: out kia owner
It actually shoots up real quick then just goes back to the original resting place
I'm afraid it generates a gaz bubble taht escapes at start up then additional gaz can escape without showing bubbles as the level is down. Do that again but once it "goes back to original resting place", keep it running and top off to the rim with coolant to see if gas bubbles escape.
DO you have coolant left in the reserve tank?


text:
So, you've been getting along well with your new Japanese business client but suddenly get told that they are not interested in doing business with you after meeting them on your arrival in Japan.
Well it could have been due to many a reason. One of the reasons could be that you started to eye up your clients lover secretary. It could also have been because you stepped in poo and didn't wipe off before leaving steaming skid marks all over your clients office carpet. Another reason could be because you slipped and stabbed a pencil in your clients left knee.
The most likely reason however is because you didn't hand over your business card properly and to do business in the land of the rising sun, you just need to know how this is done. Luckily, there is being a tutorial floating around the Tubes which you can see below.
Do also remember that you need to learn how to bow properly too - this flash tutorial (click on the thumbs at the bottom) will help you - I've seen people bow down to 90 degrees but 45 degrees for gratitude and apologies is acceptable. The photo is a collection of some business cards collected during my work in Japan - see more designs of Japanese business cards in my previous "Meishi" article.Discuss
38 Responses to "Business Card Etiquette In Japan"
jtegnell says:
I will add, though, that this is more formalized among businesspeople. Many times other jazz musicians have just set it on the table in front of me and continued to pack their equipment.
But I think you'd expect that. In Germany, for example, other jazz musicians always used "du" with me right off the bat no matter the age or level of musicianship.
Talia says:
#4 the thing is, I'm willing to bet there's a lot of what seems to other cultures to be "pointless" ritual in American and/or Canadian business etiquette as well. We just dont see it because its so ingrained in our behavior. (handshake, I'm lookin' at you).
Fascinating stuff, really, to see those differences.
BastardNamban says:
Ah, meishi. I had my meishi custom designed, English on one side, Japanese on the other, with all my info & long position name. I actually designed gears in a CAD program, and used the outline on the meishi, with English & Japanese respectively in the gears on each, and on each side, all translated in effectively compliments fonts over the two languages. My meishi was a work of art, designed to impress.
Which is why I'm pissed- I can't use them anymore! I didn't give out many, and now that I'm between jobs, my old meishi have my old job title & employer on them!
So here's one for you, forget the giving- that's ingrained in me. What do you do when you don't have a job and are interviewing for one- what do you do? Do you get new meishi that say "jobless"? Seriously, what? Up until now, I haven't given meishi, and I don't know what to do…
Muscato says:
20 years after a couple of seasons doing business in Tokyo and Sapporo, I still have trouble just handing over or accepting cards; it seems so wrong. That those trips were my first real business experience I suppose branded it in my subsconscious, somehow.
I especially remember having to solemnly scan the Japanese text, of which I understood not word one, for a couple of extra seconds while my lucky interlocuter figured out how exactly to pronounce my R and L heavy name…
Spikeles says:
I don't know about you, but I learned my buisness card etiquette from Card crusher.
cinemajay says:
Proof that some traditions, while quaint, are just dumb.
Binaryloop says:
Business cards have no meaning in the US because everybody (and their dog) has one. I've been to parties before where jobless musicans are handing out business cards. Same goes for pretty much every trade show. The etiquette here is more like: "Thanks for the card… I'll promptly toss it when I get back to my hotel room." If you have a box of 5,000 of cards you hand them out like Pez. Most of the time — the people that you want a card from aren't handing them out.
imipak says:
Compare and contrast with the results of entering a random corner shop in Paris and London to buy, say, the local paper, speaking the local language fluently, the local language in a clumsily broken, heavily accented flavour, and then by speaking French (in London) and English (in Paris.) Congratulations! That's another weekend over with.
Anonymous says:
This ritual actually serves an important purpose: you often don't know how a Japanese name is written if you only know the pronunciation and vice-versa. Which is why you say your name while handing over the business card (and why you should really read the card to memorize how the name is written and pronounced; this is often your last chance to ask for clarification without being impolite).
peterbruells says:
@9 " wonders if there are parts of American business culture that we take for granted, yet are completely foreign and strange to other cultures."
Your whole first-name-thing for example which is kind of strange for Germans. And your strange ways of making jokes during business.
Anonymous says:
I was fortunate enough to visit Tokyo for business in 2004 and studied this cultural norm before I left. Maybe the reason why business cards in the US mean so little is because there's no "ceremony" in what they mean.
I had my English name, title, etc. on one side, and my Japanese version of the same on the other. It was a neat Rosetta Stone-like translation. One of my hosts translated my title and it made me sound much more important than my English title I also discovered that title and hierarchy are prized and that the more important title meant I had the opportunity to speak to higher level decision makers.
Besides the initial culture shock for me I thought it was all fascinating and made some sense in context.
FoetusNail says:
The engineers from Japan were often temporarily renamed Mike or Steve. They would pick a masculine name to use while working in the U.S.
I also remember watching a video about bowing, it had instructions on precisely how deep a bow was required in different situations. Bowing too far or too quickly was almost as bad as not bowing enough. In the video, stores even had a device for measuring bows, to ensure employees bowed at the correct angle and duration.
At one time, gentlemen and ladies always carried and exchanged "calling cards", which were presented when meeting someone new or visiting their home. If you went to someone's home and their servant answered the door a card was always given to the servant to present to the homeowner.
jtegnell says:
"I also discovered that title and hierarchy are prized"
Oh, are they ever. They say Japan has no army, but I swear the whole country has been conscripted from birth.
Something stemming from this makes me cringe daily.
orangeorangutan says:
Thanks, Danny! There are few things I find more fascinating than the social dynamics found in other cultures, Japan in particular. Quaint, dumb, annoying… quite the contrary. There is purpose and significance in all of it; two things I find painfully missing in American culture. Consider the elegance of the tea ceremony. Honestly, I think the most common source of disdain for such grace and respect is pure laziness.
Anonymous says:
lol at the chumby card. Bunnie (http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/) created chumby as a hackable device, and he is also known for hacking the original xbox. If you're into hardware hacking, or embedded Linux, I recommend looking at the chumby.
Ito Kagehisa says:
I think Americans and Australians have a global reputation for good-natured boorishness, and people don't really expect them to be capable of formal politeness.
JIMWICh says:
Best part: The ragtime classic, "Maple Leaf Rag" playing in the background. Composed by Scott Joplin in 1899 in my hometown of Sedalia, Missouri!
karstempire says:
Perhaps they're not doing business with you because you're dragging out tired racist impersonations of how they speak English?
Danny Choo says:
@karstempire – you just reminded me to post something about how foreigners and pets are treated the same in a particular circumstance over here – thanks!
W. James Au says:
Hey, wait a ding dang moment. A Japanese magazine editor told me you're supposed to present your business card *on top your card holder or wallet*. (She speculated that's the modern stand-in for a ceremonial pillow in feudal Japanese.) And when you *take* a card, you're supposed to hold it up with both hands and look at it for a meaningful moment. These folks just sorta do those parts kinda half-ass. WTF?
jtegnell says:
"Business cards have no meaning in the US because everybody (and their dog) has one. I've been to parties before where jobless musicans are handing out business cards."
Never been to Japan, have you, Binaryloop?
Everyone has one here, too. Does that make them meaningless?
As a part-time jazz musician, I've got a massive collection of other musicians' cards. I worked as a musician for years and years in the US and Europe, but have never received even a tiny fraction of the mountain I've accumulated in a little over two years here.
Regarding the topic (somewhat), Japanese have little ways of handing things to people with all kinds of stuff. Cashiers kind of "pop" bills when giving you change, and they count it out for you with impressive dexterity. They seem very rehearsed. Then they patiently wait for you to get your shit together (which makes me uncomfortable) so that they can give you a little bow and thank you as you walk away, hands positioned on their stomach. No personality is injected at any point in the interaction.
aah says:
I can't be the only who finds this kind of thing annoying as all get-out, can I? The idea that anyone would have to deal with such a remarkable amount of meaningless fol-de-rol makes me want to tear my eyes out.
nyam says:
Not all foreigners, Danny. And not all Japanese, either. Some.
Takuan says:
there are advantages to formulaic social interaction. The pros outweigh the cons. All that really matters is you be aware what waters you swim in – while there.
Keeper of the Lantern says:
"And it's been my experience (2 years in Asia, one in China, one in Thailand) that you're generally treated as a trick poodle."
That's funny…I call it the "talking dog effect"…Chinese people in general are more suprised seeing an American speak Chinese than they would be if a dog did (though nowadays I just claim I'm bai-Sulian from Northern Xinjiang, but they don't in general buy it).
I notice this Japanese card-handing seems to be quite different from the Chinese two-handed-give, though I do perceive a little elevation.
Teapunk says:
@3 Danny Choo: Foreigners = pets – so true. The good gaijin hops through the loop (carrying his meishi, of course) and if the gaijin is really good, he gets presented to friends – "look, this is my gaijin, I want to show him/her around". Makes you feel like a circus poodle.
I don't mind the hoops much, when in Rome …, but I do mind the circus poodle thing.
I have noticed, though, that as a foreigner you only have to know the basics of bowing and meishi-giving, they don't expect you to know it anyway and if you do it too well, you have arrived in uncanny valley and get the opposite effect.
echonomist says:
Danny, have you read American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis? I has some passages discussing business cards.
Did business cards exist in Japan before WWII? Is the business card etiquette restricted to people who go to work wearing suits or does everyone have a business card?
Great post DC!
Takuan says:
not that the gaikokujin walks well, but that he walks at all. Your opponent's assumption may be your advantage. Or downfall. Think how disconcerting to the mentally lax to deal with someone who is outside you and inside you – maybe.
dimmer says:
One other thing that came up for me when I was working for a company that gave us five different colored logos on the business card (which reflected the product line at the time) was that it was much, much better to give everyone I was meeting with cards of the same color (whereas US folks tended to like the variety). I'd checked up on the etiquette before my visit, but this, obviously rather unusual case, was mine to discover on my own.
BastardNamban says:
@ Orange
Everyone cites the tea ceremony as this eternal reason that Japan & the Japanese are so innately highly cultured. The tea ceremony was something that reached its height of appreciation and refinement almost 400 years ago, at the hands of men like Rikyu. Since then, while many customs covering manners have evolved, like the one for meishi, they are minor compared to major sentiments I think most people have in mind when they think of Japan. The age of society as a whole there contemplating the asymetric beauty of "wabi", transcendental mysterious beauty of "yuugen" in Noh ended a long time ago. What exists now are just echos of ghosts from what Japan once was.
In short, there are plenty of countries as "cultured" as modern Japan, this "Japan is *still* so much more cultured" than us meme just bothers me, it's modern orientalism reborn.
I'm not saying you're guilty of that at all, and I admire you're view on there being a purpose for the small things- and I agree with you on the disdain thing as well.
benher says:
Perhaps in lesson two, they mention that when exchanging cards at a table setting, in addition to the card not being put away before the passer of said card, you must set it on the table to your side farthest away from the door.
Frankly, I think the detailed manners that folks here abide by are fascinating. They may seem 'annoying' at first, but more importantly, they put you in a mind frame to consider and respect those people you deal with each day.
betatron says:
OK, so when I'm at Mitsuwa (Japanese grocery store chain) in the US), how am i supposed to hand the cashier my debit card? yoroshikuo negai
benher says:
@22 Very well said!
Anonymous says:
This little bit of professional etiquette is rather interesting. I wonder if there are parts of American business culture that we take for granted, yet are completely foreign and strange to other cultures.
I also found it odd that the video clip had ragtime as the background music. I couldn't understand a word of it, but I could tell that there is a definite right and wrong way of doing it. I could also tell that that George fellow was a bit nervous. Can't blame him; I think I would be too.
nyam says:
@ Bastardnamban
Well said. Although perhaps
"Japan is *still* so much more cultured" than us meme
What exists now are just echos of ghosts from what Japan once was.
are two sides of the same false coin that circulates so well.
amdela80 says:
In Thailand, you also need to be conscious of this. The polite way to hand things is to hold the card in the tip of your right hand, and then hold your elbow with your left hand. You need to take it in the same way, and then usually wai slightly at the end.
And it's been my experience (2 years in Asia, one in China, one in Thailand) that you're generally treated as a trick poodle. Easy way to tell who wants to know you and who just wants a foreigner to show off tho. You get used to it.
mwiik says:
I'm not sure I trust you anymore after that Sushi etiquette video.
mistersquid says:
I'm not Japanese but even I can see differences in behavior among the different interactions, particularly inflection and the kinaesthetics of bowing.
With the (apparently) Japanese woman and man who model the interaction, their repartee seems smooth, natural. More telling are their bows which do not originate from their midsections but from their heads and necks. The bows of the first couple seem the genuine (if brief) acts of deference which are properly accorded to a somewhat unfamiliar person.
Compare the two white actors at the end of the video. The man on the left seems stilted and reluctant when he bows, an awkward and graceless first date. His body motions produce a barely perceptible shift of weight in his shoulders, and his arrogant and supercilious eyes are still leveled at his interlocutor. This man has the pride of an idiot and should be ostracized for his ignorance, silently but permanently barred from advancement in the business world.


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