text:
Darwin Believers Hide Fears of Intelligent Design Behind a Wall of Denial and Ridicule
Darwinists use strategy of denial and ridicule to hide what they're truly afraid of: truth.
Guest blogger Casey Luskin is cofounder of the Intelligent Design & Evolution Awareness (IDEA) Center and program officer in public policy and legal affairs at the Discovery Institute in Seattle .
Most Darwinists involved in the public debate today have one, and only one goal: To stifle free debate on this subject and thereby discourage you, the public, from scrutinizing the scientific evidence for yourself.
Over the years, Darwinists have evolved a variety of strategies to accomplish these goals. We see each of these strategies in play in the op-eds and comments by Darwinists in this present forum on U.S. News and World Report. I'll discuss how my opponents on this forum use the strategies of (1) Ridicule, Demonization, and Character Assassination; (2) Equating Darwin-Skeptics with Religion; (3) Persecute Darwin-Skeptics; and (4) Pretend There Is No Scientific Controversy Over Evolution in order to try to dissuade you, the reader, from thinking for yourself on this subject.
Strategy 1: Ridicule, Demonization, and Character Assassination
Darwinists have adopted a discourse of demonization where they try to attack their opponents as dishonest, deceitful, or even worse—uncool and medieval! We should be suspicious of this tactic because Darwinists practice character assassination against nearly every single leading member of the ID movement, and I am no exception to that rule.
The comments on this forum have characterized my work as "pathetic," saying I work for the "Deception Institute," calling me an "IDiot," charging that I "display a total disregard for the truth," and claiming that my arguments that "sound good to the ignorant." (So if you believe anything I say, then don't worry, you're in good company for you too must be "ignorant.") One commenter said the following about me:
"Another ID wack-job trying to discredit evolution! You are out of touch with reality. Eventually, nut-jobs like you and your enablers will be weeded out by natural selection. Good Riddance!"
Another person replied by saying, "You have the freedom to remain ignorant and superstitious (and are doin' a nice job)."
One person even suggested that my viewpoint does not deserve to be printed, and wrote that: "it's surprising that even the editors of USN&WR did no background check on" me. This provides a nice buttress for my argument that Darwinists are trying to stifle debate on evolution. But at least these Darwinists are showing U.S. News & World Report readers exactly happens to you when you stand up and simply support academic freedom for scientists to support intelligent design.
Clearly, people with the evidence on their side do not feel the need to demonize their opponents in order to prevent the public from listening to the other viewpoint. So let me make myself clear: I'm not complaining about the treatment I've received, I'm just trying to show readers how Darwinists behave. The goal of such Darwinist namecalling, of course is to convince you that Darwin-skeptics shouldn't be listened to because we're evil, and to intimidate you from speaking out in support of ID, lest you become subject to the same ridicule. In the end, their tactic of demonization and character assassination is just another way they stifle free speech in this debate.
Unfortunately, this namecalling is not limited to the commenters, and in fact it is encouraged and modeled by my respectable opponents Richard Katskee and Robert Pennock.
Richard Katskee is well-practiced at the art of character assassination against ID proponents. In an article in the American Bar Association's journal after the Kitzmiller ruling was released in 2005, he was quoted saying that it is only "the lunatic fringe" of scientists who challenge neo-Darwinian evolution. The message sent, of course, is that if you are a scientist who doubts Darwin, you better not express your views or you'll be regard as a member of the "lunatic fringe."
In an article published in First Amendment Law Review in 2007, Katskee went even further, charging that those who do not oppose intelligent design "have been deceived" and are "succumbing to the basic deceit at the heart of intelligent design." He uses language to ridicule ID as uncool and evil, calling it a "Humpty-Dumptyesque linguistic project" which is "creationism in a cheap tuxedo" and "disingenuou[s]." Mr. Katskee engages in complex ridicule, asserting that "viewed from a sufficient distance, and with eyelids half closing in technospeak-induced slumber, even a cheap tuxedo can look almost elegant—at least to those of us without the training or discernment to distinguish cashmere from polyester blend."
We should ignore this type of empty rhetoric that is patently designed to intimidate dissenters.
In his latest article here at U. S . News & World Report, Katskee makes the don't do it because it isn't what the popular kids are doing argument that if we allow students to question evolution or learn about ID, then we'll be ridiculed as an "international laughingstock." I'm sure that he'd be more than happy to fling much of that mud to incite the "international laughingstock" ridicule himself.
Again, the message is clear: If you support ID you're evil, and if you decide to speak out in support of ID, you'll be called all kinds of nasty names. These are intimidation tactics, pure and simple.
Robert Pennock behaves in much the same fashion. In 2006, I observed that the University of California at San Diego ("UCSD," my alma mater) was requiring all freshman students to attend a lecture by Pennock attacking ID. I had no particular problem with that, apart from the fact that this was an imbalanced lecture series and no pro-ID speaker was invited for a similarly mandatory lecture. Pennock responded to my protests by writing a UCSD dean, attacking me as deceptive:
"The article on the Discovery Institute website about my talk (actually prior to my talk) is standard propaganda from these guys and filled with their usual deceptions and factual mistakes." (emphasis added)
In his recent op-ed here with U.S. News & World Report, Pennock likewise attempts to equate ID with creationism (more on this below) and tries to demonize ID proponents by stating that "Creationism, in whatever guise it has taken to get into the schools, has proven itself to be fundamentally deceptive."
Again, we see the use of demonization and character assassination to prevent people from scrutinizing the evidence for themselves.
Clearly, Mr. Katskee, Mr. Pennock, and many other Darwinists feel that the use of namecalling and ridicule should play a central role in their case against intelligent design. The poison pen is a powerful weapon, and Katskee and Pennock know how to use it. Without commenting upon the propriety of Mr. Katskee's and Mr. Pennock's behavior and without discussing their ability to treat their opponents with civility, let's simply ask: what kind of a climate is produced in academia when people treat their opponents in this fashion?
For example, imagine that you are a biology researcher who holds doubts about Darwinism, and you hear your department head telling people that only "the lunatic fringe" would question modern evolutionary biology. Would that make you feel free to discuss your views in the classroom or conduct research that challenges evolution? Not if you value your career.
Or imagine that this department head says that those who support ID "have been deceived." Would you want to promote a theory which your supervisor believes has "basic deceit at the heart" or is "fundamentally deceptive"? Would you want to subject yourself to ridicule of being "deceptive" by promoting these views?
Statements like those of Mr. Katskee and Mr. Pennock serve to create a climate of intimidation of teachers, educators, and researchers who support intelligent design. This is why civility is so important in a functional democracy: People should treat their opponents in a civil fashion in public marketplace of ideas so that the best arguments can win the day based on their merits, not based upon pressure from namecalling and demonization.
Apparently these Darwinists don't feel like the merits are enough for their arguments, so they have to resort to all kinds of personal attacks. People should be able to espouse viewpoints free from fear of demonization or ridicule from Darwinists like Mr. Katskee and Mr. Pennock and the myriad other Darwinist namecallers they represent. But their strategy of character assassination only further bolsters my points that Darwinists are desperate to stifle free and open debate on evolution.
Strategy 2: Equating Darwin-Skeptics with Religion
In his op-ed, Richard Katskee writes, "Every time creationism has been brought into public schools, the courts have found it unconstitutional." That may be true. But intelligent design is not creationism, and allowing mere critique of evolution is also not creationism. In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court effectively legalized scientific critique of evolution in the 1987 Edwards v. Aguillard case where it stated that it is possible to "require that scientific critiques of prevailing scientific theories be taught." The U.S. Supreme Court has never addressed the teaching of intelligent design. If Katskee claims that teaching intelligent design or simply critiquing evolution are the equivalent of teaching creationism, then he is basing his views on thin or highly questionable legal precedent.
In order to make his statement true, Katskee tries to equate intelligent design with religion, stating that ID and creationism "are cut from the same unconstitutional cloth." His evidence bolstering this assertion was to cite to a 2005 court case from the lowest level of the federal courts in Pennsylvania as proof that ID is creationism. I anticipated this tactic in my op-ed and thus wrote:
"In 2005, such Darwinists even managed to convince one federal judge to ban ID from a school district and rule that ID is not science. Darwinists today continue to cite this wildly inaccurate and activist judicial ruling as if one federal judge can settle this entire scientific debate."
Any good lawyer knows that judges get things wrong all the time, and that one federal cannot settle complex social and scientific questions. In fact, the Kitzmiller ruling had many problems, not the least of which were the facts that the judge:
- Employed a false definition of ID that presumed that ID requires "supernatural creation"—a position that ID proponents who testified in court refuted during the trial;
- Ignored the positive case for ID and falsely claiming that ID proponents make their case solely by arguing against evolution;
- Overstepped the bounds of the judiciary and engaged in judicial activism by declaring that ID had been refuted when in fact the judge was presented with credible scientific witnesses and publications on both sides showing evidence of a scientific debate;
- Used poor philosophy of science by presuming that being wrong precludes being scientific;
- Dangerously stifled scientific advance by taking the level of support for a theory as a measure of whether an idea is scientific;
- Blatantly ignored and wrongly denied the existence of pro-ID peer-reviewed scientific publications that were in fact testified about in his own courtroom;
- Blatantly ignored and wrongly denied the existence of pro-ID scientific research and data that was in fact testified about in his own courtroom;
- Adopted an unfair double-standard of legal analysis where religious implications, beliefs, and motives count against ID but never against Darwinism;
- Violated a fundamental cardinal rule of constitutional law by declaring a religious belief to be false from the bench of a U.S. government court;
- Engaged in clear judicial activism by presuming that it is permissible for a federal judge to define science, settle controversial social questions, settle controversial scientific questions, settle issues for parties outside of the case at hand so that his ruling would be "a primer" for people "someplace else," and declare certain religious beliefs to be false.
When I raised these points in a different forum on OpposingViews.com, Katskee's organization's response was to say "You Lost the Case—Get Over It," further refusing to defend his organization's demonstrably false claims against ID. His nondefense of Judge Jones's demonstrably inaccurate claims in the Kitzmiller ruling showed that there is no good defense for this ruling. Instead, Katskee elects to model the "Judge Jones Said It, I Believe It, That Settles It approach to ID, by simply referencing this judge, expecting the ruling to end debate. This is no way to seek truth, but it's a great way to discourage you, the public, from investigating the issue for yourselves.
Richard Katskee wants you to think that ID proponents "want the Bible to be treated like a science book." There's a major problem with this argument: ID proponents make their case using the scientific evidence, not the Bible, which is why even some non-religious scholars support ID. For example, what would Katskee say to the atheist philosopher Antony Flew, the atheist legal scholar Thomas Nagel, the atheist philosopher of science Bradley Monton, or the secular humanist sociologist of science Steve Fuller, all of whom support ID? If ID is just about proselytizing people into Christianity or Biblical creationism, I'm fairly sure that these atheists and agnostics would not support ID.
The atheist University of Colorado professor of philosophy Bradley Monton is worth discussing further. He has offered a compelling annihilation of Robert Pennock's arguments during the Dover Trial that ID is not science. In this regard, I recommend that readers read Professor Monton's article, which states:
Now, I will turn to the issue of whether there is a consensus by philosophers of science that methodological naturalism is a constraint of science. During Pennock ' s cross-examination, he was asked the following question:
"Q: Dr. Pennock, isn ' t it true that there ' s not agreement among philosophers of science concerning the validity of methodological naturalism?"
Pennock implies that only philosophers of science who are sympathetic to ID reject methodological naturalism:
"A: The term methodological naturalism is fairly straightforward in the literature. There have been criticisms of it from people like Del Ratzsch from discussions specifically of this debate. So there ' s some who have taken up a sympathetic position to the intelligent design folks and tried to argue that we could dispense with this. (Pennock 2005b, 84)"
Larry Laudan (1983) is a good counterexample to this: he is not sympathetic to ID, yet he rejects methodological naturalism as a demarcation criterion for science. (This follows from the sentence from Laudan ' s paper I quoted in Section 1, as well as from the rest of Laudan ' s paper.) Later in cross-examination, the defense asks Pennock about Laudan.
After Pennock says that he is familiar with Laudan, he is asked:
"Q: And Larry Laudan said he believes that creationism is science, it ' s just bad science, correct?"
Pennock ' s response to this question takes up three pages of the trial transcript. In my opinion, Pennock misleadingly implies that Laudan would endorse methodological naturalism. Pennock says that if creationism is understood as a naturalistic hypothesis (focus ing on its naturalistic implications about the age of the Earth, for example), then it is bad science, but if it is understood supernaturalistically, then it is not science at all. Pennock doesn ' t explicitly attribute this view to Laudan, but someone who hadn ' t read Laudan would probably come away thinking that this is Laudan ' s view. For example, Pennock says:
"If you seriously take the supernatural possibility, then you can ' t disconfirm it. So that ' s the sense in which it ' s important to say under the assumption of methodological naturalism, we have disconfirmed it, it ' s bad science, that ' s what Laudan is talking about, but if you were to take seriously the non-natural part, that ' s to say rejecting scientific method, then it ' s just not science ... " (Pennock 2005b, 104-5)
Now, what the defense should have done here is pushed Pennock to clarify, to make clear to Jones that Laudan does not endorse methodological naturalism. But in fact the defense responds to Pennock ' s three-page answer with the following:
"Thank you, Your Honor. I have no further questions. (Pennock 2005b, 105)"
The defense dropped the ball: it would be reasonable for Jones to conclude on the basis of this cross-examination that (except for a few supporters of ID) philosophers of science agree that that methodological naturalism is a constraint of science.
Of course, Laudan is not the only philosopher of science who rejects methodological naturalism. I ' ll cite just one more example, that of anti-ID philosopher Niall Shanks. Shanks says that he endorses methodological naturalism, but he gives a nonstandard account of methodological naturalism, an account proponents of ID would be pretty happy with:
"The methodological naturalist will not simply rule hypotheses about supernatural causes out of court ... But the methodological naturalist will insist on examining the evidence presented to support the existence of supernatural causes carefully ... . methodological naturalists do not rule out the supernatural absolutely. They have critical minds, not closed minds." (Shanks 2004, 141-2)
I conclude that it ' s not the case that there ' s a clear consensus in favor of methodological naturalism (when understood to rule out appeals to the supernatural) in the scientific or philosophical communities.
In his most recent op-ed here at U.S. News & World Report, Pennock further hedges by claiming that "Disguising a religious view as science doesn't make it one. Following the Supreme Court decision in 1987, creationists regrouped and rebranded their views as 'Intelligent Design (ID) Theory.'" Pennock tries to pretend that intelligent design was concocted in 1987 to dodge a Supreme Court ruling, but he has misdated the origin of intelligent design by about 2500 years: intelligent design began with the ancient Greek philosophers, hundreds of years before the advent of Christianity.
The Greek philosophers Heraclitus, Empedocles, Democritus, and Anaximander believed that life could originate without any intelligent guidance. Plato and Aristotle, both advocated that a mind was required to explain life's existence. In more modern times, Isaac Newton asked in his treatise Opticks, "Was the Eye contrived without Skill in Opticks, and the Ear without Knowledge of Sounds? [...] And these things being rightly dispatch'd, does it not appear from Phænomena that there is a Being incorporeal, living, intelligent, omnipresent..."
The debate over design continued vigorously among scientists and philosophers—not just theologians—at the time of Darwin in the 19th century. Zoologist and geologist Louis Agassiz, a critic of Darwin, invoked an "intellectual power" to explain the diversity of living organisms in his "Essay on Classification," published in the late 1850's, near the time that Darwin published Origin of Species. The term "intelligent design" was invoked as a plausible alternative to blind Darwinian evolution in 1897 by Oxford scholar F.C.S. Schiller, who wrote that "it will not be possible to rule out the supposition that the process of Evolution may be guided by an intelligent design." Even the independent co-discoverer of the theory of evolution by natural selection, Alfred Russel Wallace, concluded that it was possible—and appropriate—to detect design in nature.
The research and ideas that ultimately inspired ID proponents were conceived in the decades and years prior to the Edwards ruling. Highly influential behind ID arguments was the discovery that life depended upon information, whose structure was not only independent of its physical or chemical form, but whose ordering was not amenable to explanation by physical or chemical laws. As the chemist Michael Polanyi wrote in an article titled, "Life's Irreducible Structure," published in the journal Science in 1968:
"Suppose that the actual structure of a DNA molecule were due to the fact that the bindings of its bases were much stronger than the bindings would be for any other distribution of bases, then such a DNA molecule would have no information content. Its code-like character would be effaced by an overwhelming redundancy. [...] Whatever may be the origin of a DNA configuration, it can function as a code only if its order is not due to the forces of potential energy. It must be as physically indeterminate as the sequence of words is on a printed page."
The term "intelligent design" appears to have been coined in its contemporary scientific usage by the atheist cosmologist Dr. Fred Hoyle, who in 1982 argued that "if one proceeds directly and straightforwardly in this matter, without being deflected by a fear of incurring the wrath of scientific opinion, one arrives at the conclusion that biomaterials with their amazing measure of order must be the outcome of intelligent design." The term "intelligent design" was also used by non-scientist James E. Horigan in his 1979 book Chance or Design? where Horigan used the term "intelligent design" and framed his argument as an empirical one, "without resort to biblical or other religious references," and without investigating questions about "ultimate purpose."
Horigan and Hoyle, however, did not become part of the later ID movement. But in 1984—three years before the Edwards ruling—three scientists who did help found the ID movement published a book titled The Mystery of Life's Origin that made arguments for an "intelligent cause" in the origin of the information in DNA:
"We have observational evidence in the present that intelligent investigators can (and do) build contrivances to channel energy down nonrandom chemical pathways to bring about some complex chemical synthesis, even gene building. May not the principle of uniformity then be used in a broader frame of consideration to suggest that DNA had an intelligent cause at the beginning?"
Those three scientists were Charles Thaxton, Walter Bradley, and Roger Olsen. Soon thereafter, Thaxton, a chemist and academic editor for the Of Pandas and People textbook ("Pandas"), adopted the term "intelligent design" after hearing it mentioned by a NASA engineer. Thaxton's adoption of the term "intelligent design" took place pre-Edwards and therefore could not have been an attempt to "evade" a court decision. Rather, his adoption of this terminology was done to distinguish ID from creationism, because, in contrast to creationism, ID sought to stay solely within the empirical domain. As Thaxton testified during his deposition in the Kitzmiller case:
"I wasn't comfortable with the typical vocabulary that for the most part creationists were using because it didn't express what I was trying to do. They were wanting to bring God into the discussion, and I was wanting to stay within the empirical domain and do what you can do legitimately there."
Thaxton, who is a scientist and not a lawyer, adopted "intelligent design" terminology out of a desire to respect the limits of scientific inquiry, not as some conspiracy to avoid a Supreme Court ruling. When recounting the history of why he adopted "intelligent design" terminology, Thaxton explains that his goal was not to avoid any court decisions but to help people understand that their argument was "trying to operate entirely within the empirical domain":
"Unfortunately for Westerners ... anytime you use the word creation it automatically conjures up any of a number of religious discussions. We knew from the beginning of our project, that turned out to be the making of Of Pandas and People, that we wanted to avoid this automatically concluding that what you're talking about was religion because in fact we were dealing with a biological discussion. So we were trying to operate entirely within the empirical domain. And my thought was, how to arrive at a set of terms that would allow us to traffic the literature and the discussion and build an argument without having to use terminology that would automatically bring one into the religious realm?"
Thaxton continues, saying "we did what we could do to stay within the empirical domain and make legitimate inferences." He then explains the terminology that was originally in the early pre-publication drafts of Pandas:
"I realize that the charge was that we were trying to just use a substitute word for creation, but that isn't the case at all. In the early days of writing the Pandas book for example, although we understood what we were doing, most other people who we were talking to didn't know our objectives really. And if you have a whole culture that knows about creation as a term ... So we used that word early on, not for deception so we could later switch on them but because we wanted the materials to be understood that we were focused on. It was always clearly within the empirical domain, even the things that we wrote early on."
Thaxton completes his account by recounting that after speaking widely on the subject of origins that "gradually it became clear that there was a real good way that there was a case we wanted—completely within the empirical domain—and we looked for a term that would do this and reading the literature and ah, 'intelligent design,' is the most appropriate term. And that's why we did it."
In conclusion, the term "intelligent design" not only long pre-dates the Edwards ruling, but the basic arguments for design pre-date Christianity. Moreover, modern members of the ID movement started using the term "intelligent design" not to evade a court ruling, but because they sought terminology that would accurately communicate their project's original intent to remain entirely within the empirical domain and avoid investigating religious questions about the supernatural. Since the U.S. Supreme Court declared creationism to be a religious viewpoint because it postulated a "supernatural creator," it seems that regardless of what wording was used early on, the ID project has always been substantively distinct from creationism. Any arguments that ID is creationism because early pre-publication drafts of the Pandas textbook used "creation" terminology are false conspiracy theories based not upon substance, but semantics and revisionist history. The very fact that Darwinists must resort to such arguments shows just how weak is their case that ID is creationism.
Any readers interested in learning about the true history of the origin of intelligent design might benefit from listening to two podcast interviews with Charles Thaxton on this topic at:
Pennock tries to ignore the long history of intelligent design arguments and instead cites measly evidence that early pre-publication drafts of one single book about intelligent design used the word "creation" rather than "intelligent design," but then the published version said "intelligent design." He alleges the terminology was switched merely in an effort to evade the Edwards ruling, which found "creation science" unconstitutional.
Conceptually, early drafts of the Pandas, although they used the word "creation," did not advocate "creationism" as that term has been defined by the Supreme Court and most scholars in this debate.
Before the Edwards ruling, pre-publication drafts of Pandas specifically rejected the view that science could determine whether an intelligent cause identified through the scientific method was supernatural. A pre-Edwards draft argued that "observable instances of information cannot tell us if the intellect behind them is natural or supernatural.
This is not a question that science can answer." The same draft explicitly rejected William Paley's 18th century design arguments because they unscientifically "extrapolate to the supernatural" from the empirical data. The draft stated that Paley was wrong because "there was no basis in uniform experience for going from nature to the supernatural, for inferring an unobserved supernatural cause from an observed effect." Another pre-publication draft made similar arguments:
"[W]e cannot learn [about the supernatural] through uniform sensory experience ... and so to teach it in science classes would be out of place ... [S]cience can identify an intellect, but is powerless to tell us if that intellect is within the universe or beyond it."
By unequivocally affirming that the empirical evidence of science "cannot tell us if the intellect behind [the information in life] is natural or supernatural," it is evident that these pre-publication drafts of Pandas meant something very different by "creation" than did the Supreme Court in Edwards v. Aguillard, in which the Court defined creationism as religion because it postulated a "supernatural creator."
Unfortunately, in his Kitzmiller v. Dover ruling, Judge Jones bought into the revisionist history of ID that claims ID is just repackaged creationism, and the Judge presented a sharply truncated and inaccurate view of the intellectual history of design. A correct history will make it clear that "intelligent design" was not a term invented to avoid the Edwards ruling, but a project that has always been distinct from the core claims of creationism.
Likewise Pennock tries to trace the origin of "irreducible complexity" to the arguments of a famous creationist named Henry Morris, but ignores the fact that this concept of irreducible complexity has been made in mainstream scientific venues long before Michael Behe's book. In 1986, Michael J. Katz, in his Templets and the explanation of complex patterns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) wrote:
"In the natural world, there are many pattern-assembly systems for which there is no simple explanation. There are useful scientific explanations for these complex systems, but the final patterns that they produce are so heterogeneous that they cannot effectively be reduced to smaller or less intricate predecessor components. As I will argue ... these patterns are, in a fundamental sense, irreducibly complex..."
Katz then applies this concept to what he finds in biology:
"Cells and organisms are quite complex by all pattern criteria. They are built of heterogeneous elements arranged in heterogeneous configurations, and they do not self-assemble. One cannot stir together the parts of a cell or of an organism and spontaneously assemble a neuron or a walrus: to create a cell or an organisms one needs a preexisting cell or a preexisting organism, with its attendant complex templets. A fundamental characteristic of the biological realm is that organisms are complex patterns, and, for its creation, life requires extensive, and essentially maximal, templets."
Likewise, leading ID theorist William Dembski's concept of specified complexity can be traced back to leading origin of life researcher, the late Leslie Orgel, who in 1973 wrote:
"[L]iving organisms are distinguished by their specified complexity. Crystals are usually taken as the prototypes of simple, well-specified structures, because they consist of a very large number of identical molecules packed together in a uniform way. Lumps of granite or random mixtures of polymers are examples of structures which are complex but not specified. The crystals fail to qualify as living because they lack complexity; the mixtures of polymers fail to qualify because they lack specificity."
If you actually read the works of Dembski and Behe, you'll see that they rely not on the arguments of creationists, but on the arguments of mainstream science.
Pennock is trying to argue that if creationists use some ID arguments, then ID is the same as creationism. As a philosopher, he should know that this argument employs a logical fallacy called the fallacy of the undistributed middle. This fallacy is committed when someone argues like this: "Your dog is red, therefore all dogs are red." Obviously, the fact that I observe that one dog is red, or even that many dogs are red, does not mean that all dogs are red. Yet Pennock wants you to believe that if creationists have also made some arguments that ID proponents make, then ID and creationism are the same. He forgets that there might also be key differences between ID and creationism.
ID as a scientific theory limits its scientific claims to what can be learned from the empirical data and does not attempt to address religious questions about the identity or metaphysical nature of the designer. This makes ID distinct from creationism and shows that ID respects the limits of scientific inquiry.
The theory of intelligent design is simply an effort to empirically detect whether the "apparent design" in nature acknowledged by virtually all biologists is genuine design (the product of an intelligent cause) or is simply the product of an undirected process such as natural selection acting on random variations. Creationism typically starts with a religious text and tries to see how the findings of science can be reconciled to it. ID starts with the empirical evidence of nature and seeks to ascertain what scientific inferences can be drawn from that evidence. Unlike creationism, the scientific theory of intelligent design does not claim that modern biology can identify whether the intelligent cause detected through science is supernatural. The charge that ID is "creationism" is a rhetorical strategy on the part of Darwinists who wish to delegitimize ID without actually addressing the merits of its case. And that scientific case for ID is exactly what Pennock failed to address in his op-ed.
One can disagree with the conclusions of ID, but one cannot reasonably claim that it is an argument based upon religion, faith, or divine revelation. Nothing critics can say—whether appealing to politically motivated condemnations of ID issued by pro-Darwin scientific authorities, or harping upon the religious beliefs of ID proponents—will change the fact that intelligent design is not a "faith-based" argument. Intelligent design has scientific merit because it is an empirically based argument that uses well-accepted scientific methods of historical sciences in order to detect in nature the types of complexity which we understand, from present-day observations, are derived from intelligent causes.
As a final rebuttal to Pennock, he states: "Discovery Institute Fellow Ralph Seelke was brought in to testify in favor" of a bill in Michigan. Mr. Pennock is incorrect: Ralph Seelke is not and never has been a Discovery Institute fellow.
Pennock also tries to pretend that academic freedom legislation brings creationism or religion into the classroom but he fails to tell readers that the bills only protect the teaching of science, and have an express provision that says that the bills "shall not be construed to promote any religious or non-religious doctrine, promote discrimination for or against a particular set of religious beliefs or non-beliefs, or promote discrimination for or against religion or non-religion." In other words, it would be impossible for creationism or religion to be taught under this bill.
We should have no misconceptions about what is really happening here: For the Darwin-skeptics, these academic freedom bills are about upholding the important value of academic freedom and the freedom to pursue legitimate scientific inquiry. For the Darwinists who oppose these bills, this battle is about falsely appealing to people's emotions and fears in order to suppress and censor from students scientific information that challenges evolution.
Strategy 3: Persecute Darwin-Skeptics
Katskee completely validates my op-ed's point that there is intolerance toward ID in the academy, stating that: "The reason that their ideas have been expelled from the classroom is not a vast conspiracy or rampant hostility toward religion; it's that those ideas lack scientific value." Of course, I didn't say that it was hostility towards religion or a "conspiracy" but I did document hostility among academics toward ID.
This is where academic freedom comes in. Academic freedom doesn't just give you freedom to agree with the majority viewpoint. If that's all it did, then academic freedom would be virtually meaningless. Academic freedom protects the rights of teachers and scientists to discuss both majority and minority scientific viewpoints. Given that scientists have published their doubts about Darwin in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and support for such views comes from hundreds of well-credentialed scientists, such dissenting views deserve the protections of academic freedom.
I'm pleased to see that Katskee at least admits that Darwinists are intolerant of views they disagree with.
As for Pennock, let's return to Bradley Monton. In a podcast, Monton reports that Pennock threatened Monton with a lawsuit after Monton published his article critiquing Pennock. According to Monton, "Pennock sent me an E-mail, calling my paper defamatory and telling me that I had to pull it off the internet," and made the "legalistic threat" demanding that Monton remove the paper from the scholarly internet archive. Monton called Pennock's bluff and refused to pull the paper. His feeling about the episode was as follows: "it really disturbed me that a fellow academic would behave that way." This is just another example of Darwinists scheming to use the force of the courts and persecution to stifle debate over intelligent design and evolution.
Strategy 4: Pretend There Is No Scientific Controversy Over Evolution
Richard Katskee says that "Unlike creationists, real scientists aren't afraid to change their hypothesis if the facts don't support it," but Katskee himself preaches the dogmatic viewpoint that "the debate is over." Moreover, who seems unwilling to change their viewpoint? Last year, the staunchly pro-Darwin U.S. National Academy of Sciences published a booklet, Science, Evolution, and Creationism, proclaiming that "[t]here is no scientific controversy about the basic facts of evolution" because "no new evidence is likely to alter" it. They sure sound like they are unwilling to change their minds. In fact, it's only the Darwin-skeptics in this forum—myself and Candi Cushman—who wrote op-eds supporting teaching multiple scientific views on evolution. So who here is on the side of freedom and allowing people to change their minds?
Katskee further tries to stifle debate, saying that we "pretend that there are controversies in science, when in fact there aren't." I anticipated this argument, stating in my op-ed that:
"Darwinists today seek to stifle scientific dissent from their viewpoint by asserting that there are no serious scientific weaknesses in modern evolutionary theory (called neo-Darwinism).. The real losers here are students and scientific progress."
Again, Katskee's goal is to prevent you, the reader, from investigating the evidence for yourself. Yet my op-ed discussed a number of scientific challenges to neo-Darwinian evolution. Instead of discussing the science, Mr. Katskee appeals to authority: he wants you to accept evolution simply because many scientists do, so he asserts that, "Evolution is accepted by the overwhelming majority of biologists in this nation." Katskee wants to turn science into a voting contest. In science, votes don't matter, only the evidence matters, which is why I noted, there are significant, well-credentialed scientists who dissent from neo-Darwinism. We have an obligation to ourselves to investigate the evidence and make up our own minds. Based upon the types of arguments he makes, that's the last thing Katskee wants you to do.
Katskee does discuss a little science, asserting that "Major advances in medicine, biology, and the study of human origins hinge on evolution. Understanding evolution is thus becoming more important than ever as we look to biotech industries and medical breakthroughs to combat disease and improve our quality of life."
Of course he's right that evolution does accomplish small-scale changes in microorganisms that create problems when we try to fight diseases. But no one in the ID movement says that we should stop teaching the evidence for evolution. In contrast, it's Katskee who wants to censor the views of those scientists who dissent from neo-Darwinian evolution.
Moreover, Katskee isn't telling the whole story about how evolution relates to the fight against disease. When trying to fight anti-biotic resistant bugs, Darwinism provides little guidance beyond the truism that bacteria that are insensitive to a drug will produce more offspring, while those that are susceptible to a drug will die off. It is probably for this reason that evolutionary biologist Jerry Coyne admitted in Nature that "if truth be told, evolution hasn't yielded many practical or commercial benefits. Yes, bacteria evolve drug resistance, and yes, we must take countermeasures, but beyond that there is not much to say." What Katskee doesn't tell his readers is that to actually outsmart superbugs, biomedical researchers must intelligently design drug cocktails that rely upon the fact that there are limits to how much microorganisms can evolve.
So what Katskee means when he says "teach evolution properly" is really that we should teach evolution like a dogma that can't be questioned. This is will hamper the ability of students to understand science accurately.
Who now is behaving dogmatically and trying to squelch debates?
The arguments from my distinguished adversaries in this forum, and the commenters on this forum have only served to bolster and confirm my op-ed's central argument:
"People who have the evidence on their side don't behave like this. Science and education are suffering because Darwinists are using bluffs about the evidence, fear-mongering about religion, and discrimination against minority viewpoints to stifle the debate over evolution."
Darwinist debate tactics are all part of a complicated strategy to distract you, the public, from looking at the evidence for yourself. So whatever conclusion you come to—whether you accept neo-Darwinian evolution, intelligent design, or something else—you owe it to yourself to look past the distracting and dogmatic rhetoric of the Darwinists and investigate this issue for yourself.
If you do that, it doesn't really matter whether you ultimately agree with me on intelligent design, because you'll agree with me on something more important: academic freedom and freedom of speech in the debate over evolution.


text:
Silver Dapple
In horses, the silver dapple gene, also known as the "Z" gene,
dilutes the black base coat color . It will typically dilute a black mane
and tail to flaxen, and a black body to a shade of brown or chocolate. Red
based horses, such as chestnut, palomino, and cremello, may carry the silver
dapple gene, and are capable of passing it on to their offspring, but will
not express the gene in their own body color.
The lower legs of a silver dapple horse tend to be incompletely diluted. The
black lower leg is usually able to be distinguished when the silver dapple
gene is present on a bay base, but the coloring is less-defined. However,
one must not confuse the silver dapple gene with the gray or smutty genes,
which may produce a similar coloration except the black of the lower leg
will continue up past the knee and hock, onto the flanks or shoulders.
Many breeds do not carry the silver dapple gene. Silver dapple is seen in
Welsh Mountain Pony, Welsh Pony, Shetlands, Icelandics, Morgans, Missouri
Foxtrotters and Tennessee Walking Horses, but the most common breed is
probably the Rocky Mountain Horse, in which silver dapple is a very popular
and common color.
This gene has been known for 25 years or more, but is only
recently becoming better understood. The name Silver Dapple
was originally applied to Shetland Ponies, in which the color is
fairly common (at one time it was even thought that the gene only
occurred in Shetlands), because it frequently has the extremely
dappled, greyish body color with silver-white mane and tail in
that breed. Now we know that not all (possibly, not even most)
of them are dappled, so the name has been shortened from Silver
Dapple to just Silver. The term "Silver" has been confusing to some,
who expect to see a grey-toned horse perhaps, but it has been in
use too long to change. In Australia the color is called "Taffy",
but the term has never caught on elsewhere. In some of the
breeds in which Silver is common in the USA, such as the Rocky
Mountain Horse, it is simply called "Chocolate".
Some common names for this color are "Classic Silver Dapple",
"Chocolate Silver", or "Black Silver". This is the shade that comes to
mind when hearing the term "Silver Dapple". The body color is diluted
to a chocolate-brown or mocha-brown shade, sometimes light enough
to appear similar to a sooty palomino. The mane and tail are often
near-white, a striking contrast. The lower legs are usually lighter than
the rest, almost flaxen near the hoof, and the lower legs are often dappled
(which is highly unusual in other colors). The mane and tail often have
dark roots. In a horse with the "classic expression" of Silver Dapple,
there will be very distinct and strong dappling present, which, unlike
most colors, does not appear to be related to age or condition, but
rather stays fairly constant throughout the horse's life -- although they
may vary with the seasons, appearing on the summer coat but not the
winter coat, usually. But not all Silvers show the dappling. Some are
a flat chocolate-brown color all year round. Silver on black can be hard
to tell apart from a dark flaxen liver chestnut, and in many breeds they
have indeed been registered as "chestnut" because nobody knew what
they were. Some clues to look for would be the dappling, a drastic change
in color from winter to summer, a bluish cast rather than a reddish tone,
and a silvery mane/tail rather than golden-hued flaxen. Still, it may be
impossible to tell the difference by looking. Luckily, a red-factor test
will distinguish between a silver and a chestnut!
Foal-coats are generally a light greyish-tan color, often described as a
"dead grass" color, or a light pewter-grey shade with light mane and tail,
white eyelashes and vertically striped hooves (on legs with no white
Home | Amber Champagne | Appaloosa | Dapple Grey | Dun | Dunalino | Dunskin | Ivory Champagne | Paint | Palomino | Pangare | Perlino | Pinto | Taffy | Tobiano | Tovero | Bay | Black | Blue Roan | Brown | Buckskin | Chestnut | Classic Champagne | Claybank Dun | Cream | Cremello | Gold Champagne | Grey | Grulla | Liver Chestnut | Overo | Rabicano | Red Dunn | Red Roan | Rose Grey | Sabino | Seal Brown | Silver Dapple | Smoky | Smoky Black | Smoky Cream | Sooty | Sorrell | White
This site was last updated

subset: commoncrawl


text:
3 votes
Gun Owners for Peace VIDEOSubmitted by paul-for-liberty on Mon, 01/21/2013 - 20:44
- Login to post comments
Solid video, guys. Way to go.
Solid video, guys. Way to go.
I like the name of your organization, too. It grabs attention of the passerby, then that person sees this organization's members and hears what they have to say about it, that is, about guns and peace. Good work, guys!
School's fine. Just don't let it get in the way of thinking. -Me
Study nature, not books. -Walton F. Dutton
- Login to post comments
Thanks, and Share this video...
Submitted by paul-for-liberty on Mon, 01/21/2013 - 21:47. Permalink
I want this video to be a great tool for any pro-gunners when debating liberals/statists who assume owning guns means you're reckless, violent, or detrimental to society.
Take the Red Pill at www.redpillphilosophy.com New Videos, Articles, and More!
- Login to post comments


text:
General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, a business unit of General Dynamics, was awarded a $25.4 million full-production contract from Lockheed Martin to support the U.
Purpose-built accommodation and pipe-lay barge on charter to Petronas equipped with VSAT and L-Band services.
Globecomm Maritime has been awarded a contract
The Mexican Navy selected VSTEP to supply a Class A NAUTIS Full Mission Bridge (FMB) Simulator and 24 NAUTIS desktop trainer stations for the Naval Academy in Veracruz.
The floating production business continues to be very strong, particularly in the LNG gas processing sector. Last month saw a speculatively ordered floating liquefaction plant – a $1.
Longer than four football fields, as big as six Nimitz-class aircraft carriers and almost as tall as the Taipei 101 skyscraper, Royal Dutch Shell PLC is hoping that its record-setting,
Corvus Energy today announced that it has completed a strategic investment by Green Marine Capital (GMC) previously announced on May 5, 2014. Green Marine Capital,


text:
Things have changed in the business world and the changes are being reflected
in the educational landscape. The Masters of Business Administration degree
(MBA) was once considered a dull path for people who wanted to become commercial
number crunchers and pencil pushers. Today MBA programs, and particularly online
MBA programs, are top career paths. The MBA can lead to a wide variety of important
posts in industry, education, and in government. In fact, a rising number of
corporate executive officers (CEOs) and corporate financial officers (CFOs)
proudly list their MBA degrees among their many accomplishments. Almost every
industry in the country depends on people with MBA programs in their backgrounds
to help lead their enterprises into the future.
Among the reasons for the increased corporate emphasis on MBAs, are the changed
business climate. On the one hand, businesses have expanded across the globe.
Their operations are increasingly more complex. Even small local companies
depend on vendors, partners, and customers from around the world. Competition
has also grown. A local company may find itself in competition with a firm
across an ocean. The regulatory environment has also become more complex. Local,
regional, and national laws and regulations tell businesses what they can and
can't do. Tax codes need to be understood and sorted out. The old style executives
who learned on the job are no longer able to cope with this information explosion.
In fact, many of them re-enter the educational scene without leaving their
current posts, and pursue online MBA programs. The online MBA programs allow
busy executives or entry level beginners study at their own paces and in their
own ways as they move towards this important degree.


text:
Hinkley Lighting Nantucket Collection
This Nantucket Collection by Hinkley comes out of the best parts of the past. With primarily restrained and wood-like finishes, these lamps are great for more classical spaces. Because of their bolder shades, these lamps draw some attention to themselves. However, their simple designs mean they are never a distraction.


text:
Halo: Reach - XB360
From WikiCheats
Introduction Walkthrough Quick Strategies Characters Multiplayer Maps
Loadouts Cheats Armor Abilities Armory Weapons Vehicles
Halo: Reach is the prequel to Halo: Combat Evolved. Halo: Reach includes many new features not present in past Halo games, including many new game modes for multiplayer. This first-person shooter is set to be the last Halo installment created by Bungie (the rest of the Halo games will be helmed by Microsoft). Bungie is bringing out all new playlists and guns (BRs & SMGs are out!) for the fall of Reach. Reach is an incredible planet, home to the Spartan training program for the UNSC and it includes cutting edge technology that was unheard of in previous entries in the series.
Halo Series
Halo Reach is available in several retail versions. All include the same game, but some editions include additional collectable or in-game items.
The regular version contains just the game. The in-game Recon Helmet is available as a pre-order bonus.
The Limited Edition has the game disc in a special case (modeled after an ONI data module), a book with additional information about the Spartan program, a Spartan patch, and in-game Elite Armor.
The Legendary Edition has everything from the Limited Edition, plus a hand painted Noble Team statue, a "making of" video documentary, and an in-game flaming helmet for the Spartans armor.
Finally a limited edition Halo Reach Xbox 360 Slim is available. It has a custom exterior design, and system sounds have been replaced with sounds from the Halo universe. It comes with two custom controllers and the regular version of the game as well.


text:
Magoffin County Funeral Home
The Independent
Irene Flynt Jones, 93, of Raleigh, N.C., formerly of Magoffin County, died Sunday at her residence.
She was born Jan. 9, 1919, in Magoffin County.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Homer Flynt.
A graveside service will be at 11 a.m. today at Highland Memorial Park in Staffordsville.
Magoffin County Funeral Home in Salyersville is in charge of arrangements.


text:
- Mobile site
- E-Newsletters
- News feed
- Find us on Twitter
All the latest news and views from the Swindon Advertiser
All the latest sport from the Swindon Advertiser
Official Twitter feed from the Wiltshire Business Magazine
Editor Gary Lawrence
Picture Desk
Katie Bond, news editor
STFC and chief sports writer Sam Morshead
Scott D'Arcy, crime reporter
Ned Payne, sports writer
Andy Warren, sports writer
Craig Lyus, web editor
- Find us on Facebook
Swindon Advertiser
Like us on Facebook
Sell in good shape in Spain (From Swindon Advertiser)
Get involved! Send photos, video, news & views. Text SWINDON NEWS to 80360 or email us
Sell in good shape in Spain
6:00am Monday 26th November 2012 in Sport By Steve Butt
WRAG Barn professional Martin Sell is in good shape after two rounds of final qualifying at Q School in Spain.
The 33-year-old struggled in his opening round at the Catalunya Resort on Saturday as he shot a two over par 74 on the Stadium Course.
He faired far better on Sunday on the Tour Course, carding a three under par 67 to put him back in the mix.
Sell began his quest for a European Tour card well as he sunk an early birdie at the fourth hole of his opening round.
A bogey at the next though saw him drop back to level par for the day.
Another bogey followed at nine and after gaining a shot back at 12, Sell promptly dropped it at the 13th.
And the round finished on a low for Sell as he bogeyed the 18th to leave him two over par and only just inside the top 70 cut mark.
However, his second round started in style as Sell found an early eagle and a birdie to quickly go three under par.
Two more birdies took him to five under par and up to tied 11th overall.
But two bogeys late in his round saw him drop back to three under and tied 33rd overall.
Sell returns to the Tour Course today when he begins his third round at 8.10am British time.
The Wrag Barn star must finish in the top 70 after four rounds to qualify for the final two rounds.
There he must finish in the top 25 overall to earn his European Tour card.
Comments are closed on this article.


text:
Slow Food Movement, Meet Slow News Movement
"The sooner something is on Twitter after a major event, the more skeptical… or at least the more you should reserve judgement about it," explains Dan Gillmor at the recent Personal Democracy Forum, "The things that are the most amazing, I put in the category of interesting if true. And that feels right to me."
Run Time - 14:13.
H/T: CyberJournalist.
17 notes
- heathercasey1980 likes this
- newsdisrepai likes this
- mediaengage reblogged this from futurejournalismproject
- alternrg likes this
- minorjive likes this
- futurejournalismproject posted this


text:
Budget Accommodation Budget Hotels Asia Hong Kong Hong Kong
Handed back to the government of China by the British in 1997, Hong Kong's thriving capitalist market has in no way been slowed down by the influence of Communist rule. Skyscrapers are packed into a relatively small skyline on Hong Kong Island, as the fast-paced lives of business people tick away at ground level.
From the Hong Kong Travel Guide
Our room was perfect. We had a fridge and a microwave. Location was quite far from the centre, but the complimentary shuttle was very convenient. MTR-station 7 minutes walk and plenty of busstops. Internetconnection was good but somewhat expensive. ... more
Free Internet = Good. Short metro ride from Hong Kong Island. Clean rooms, but exceptionally small. For the same money you might as well book into the Ibis. ... more
The room is small but it has the amenities that one needs. The location is near the MTR but the building itself is quite cramped between other buildings. I didn't notice it at first, I had to pass by Li Tak Street twice before I saw it. The receptionist does not know how to speak in English, hence, we missed calls from our family. ... more
=== Hiya all, Soooo I have only 8 weeks to my mahhhusssive adventure cannot wait Just wondering about something. I'm going to Hong Kong for 3 days. Just wondering how much money I should bring? Accommodation already paid for so literally mean spending money. Any tips or things to see over there would ...
Hong Kong
Hi all, I'll be travelling to Hong Kong with a friend for 6 days. Can anyone recommend me on what I can do in HK besides the regular touristy stuff? And also good and cheap accomodations. Any suggested iterinaries? Thanks, shab28 ...
Hong Kong
Thinking to go Hong Kong, but not sure which month should i go? I don't like the hot weather but I like to go shopping, should I go with a tour or backpack? ...
Its Started
I Left very early Saturday morning on Cathay Pacific and it was a great flight, the food was great and the service was really special, from 'Doris', and 'Lal', Hong Kong is an exciting place but for me mainly ...
Posted in To Moscow and Back by Fletch1
Traveling alone again
and preparation for the backpack traveling this time.This time, I travel to the magnificent Hong Kong. A 5 days 4 nights trip which inspired me very much! There are many reasons for me to take Hong Kong as my ...
Posted in Path of the Soul Journey by chiawj
Lights! Camera! Action!
Hong Kong is such a cool city! I know, I know, we are noticing little things more after coming ...
Posted in Where in the world is Ellen? by travellen
What's more important to you?Price Popularity
Need more options? Compare rates at 40+ sites


text:
---- — As the country's best-known architecture critic, Ada Louise Huxtable's influence was felt far and wide. If you're looking for examples, you need look no further than the North Shore.
Huxtable, the Pulitzer Prize-winning critic who died Monday in Manhattan at age 91, wrote two articles that had a major impact on development and historic preservation in Salem and Beverly.
Her 1965 piece in The New York Times on urban renewal in downtown Salem is credited with stirring opposition to the plans and helping preserve the city's historic character.
More than three decades later, in 1996, she wrote a story for The Wall Street Journal praising the transformation of the United Shoe Machinery Corp. factory into the Cummings Center office park.
Huxtable, who lived for part of the year in Marblehead, also served as an adviser on the major expansion of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem in 2003.
"She's really an important part of Salem history," said Bill Tinti, a Salem lawyer who was involved in the historic preservation efforts of the 1960s and '70s.
Huxtable's 1965 story, spread across eight columns in The New York Times, was headlined "Urban Renewal Threatens Historic Buildings in Salem, Mass." It detailed a plan to tear down historic buildings around Old Town Hall to make way for an expandable parking garage and a new retail block, and to build a four-lane road past the Peabody Essex Museum.
Tinti said the story helped slow urban renewal projects not only in Salem but around the country and led to federal legislation that encouraged historic preservation.
"In large measure, her article was a pivot point from the standpoint of people paying attention to preservation," Tinti said. "I wish I could tell you that it stopped urban renewal, but it didn't. We lost a lot of important buildings, but a lot was saved, obviously. It certainly helped to shape public opinion. Sam Zoll was able to take advantage of that when he became mayor and turned the process on its head."
Huxtable followed up with a story in 1978 titled, "How Salem saved itself from urban renewal." Tinti said Fred Rogers, whose L.H. Rogers clothing store had been slated to be demolished, hung a framed, enlarged copy of that story in his store window for years.
Huxtable's story on the transformation of the United Shoe is also hanging from a wall, at the Cummings Center in Beverly.
In 1997, Huxtable called The Shoe "the single most important and generally unrecognized, concrete landmark in this country." She praised the renovation project as a "miraculous rebirth."
"For those who prize an architecture still invisible to many and treated as expendable by most, this is more than a success story; it is a dream come true," she wrote.
Cummings Properties founder Bill Cummings said that story, written in the early stages of the renovation, bolstered his determination to follow through on the project, which many viewed as costly and ill-fated.
"She gave it a boost when many people still thought we were crazy. She gave it respectability," Cummings said. "With some people, it was little bit like we had received a pontifical blessing."
Huxtable grew up in New York, but her ties to the North Shore began as a child when she vacationed with a cousin on Marblehead Neck, said Edward Nilsson, a Salem-based architect who lives in Marblehead.
Huxtable and her husband, Garth, bought a modest ranch house on Neptune Road in Marblehead in 1982. Garth Huxtable died in 1989, and Ada Louise, who did not have any children, continued to spend five or six months per year in Marblehead.
Huxtable hired Nilsson to when she was renovating her house in 1994.
"Needless to say as an architect it seemed intimidating at first, but that was not the type of person she was. She was down-to-earth, funny," Nilsson said. "As a personality, she definitely didn't want to draw attention to herself. I think she viewed coming up to Marblehead as a way of getting away from New York. She kept a fairly low profile when she was up here."
In 2008, Huxtable was given the Hawthorne Historic Preservation Award in a ceremony at the Hawthorne Hotel in Salem. Last year, the Cummings Foundation established the Ada Louise Huxtable Fellowship to provide scholarships for students at Boston Architectural College.
Staff writer Paul Leighton can be reached at 978-338-2675 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Robert Babcock
Rule and Society in South-West Wales, l079-ll97
Claire Bachmuth
Two Worlds: Romantic Medievalism of Victorian Artists
Lois Huneycutt
Another Esther in our Times: Matilda II and the Formation of a Queenly Ideal in Anglo-Norman England
Kazuto Oshio
Urban Water Diplomacy: A Policy History of the Metropolitan Water Supply in the Twentieth Century Southern California
Peter Neushul
Science, Technology, and the Arsenal of Democracy Production Research and Development During World War II
Heather Tanner
Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Political Role of the Comital Family of Boulogne in northern France and England (879-ll59)
Penny Adair
Countess Clemence and Her Role in the Comital Family and in Flanders, l092-ll33
Niels Bjerre-Poulse
Organizing the American Right, l945-l964
Judith Ishkanian
Religion and Honor at Chapel Hill: The College Odyssey of William Sydney Mullins, l840-l842
Melissa McDonald
Labor Pains: Sex Discrimination and the Implementation of Title VII, l964-l980
Robert Mueller
Service to the Sovereign: A Prosopographical Study of the Royal Household, Court and Privy Council of Elizabeth I of England through an Examination of the Careers of Sir Francis Knollys, Sir James Croft and Francis Russell
Mitchell Roth
The Western Cholera Trail: Studies in the Urban Response to Epidemic Disease in the Trans-Mississippi West, l848-l850
Janet Ryder
Miracles and Mentality: The Medieval Experience
Mary Suydam
Hadewijch of Antwerp and the Mengeldichten
Joseph Cotter
Before the Green Revolution: Mexican Agricultural Policy, l920-l949
Cara Anzilotti
In the Affairs of the World: Women and Plantation Ownership in the Eighteenth Century South Carolina Lowcountry
Rosanne Barker
Small Town Progressivism: Pearl Chase and Female Activism in Santa Barbara, l909-l929
Karen Mead
Oligarchs, Doctors and Nuns: Public Health and Beneficence in Buenos Aires, l880-l7l4
Stacey Robertson
Parker Pillsbury, Antislavery Apostle: Gender and Religion in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Radicalism
Janet Pope
The Aristocratic Patronage of the English Monastic Reform, 946-l0l6
Jennifer Strand
Maximum Freedom and the Limits of Community: Isla Vista, California, l925-l974
ZuoYue Wang
American Science and theCold War: The Rise of the U.S. President Science Advisory Committee
Miriam Davis
The Medieval English Urban Environment: Learned Views and Popular Practices
Jeffrey Garcilazo
Traqueros: Mexican Railroad Workers in the United States, l87l-l930
Mason, John Alan
"Mobilizing the Left: The Moldovan Internationalist Countermovement and the Origins of the Moldovan Civil War" Advisor: Adrienne Edgar
Nader, Nadia
"The Memory of the Mihna in a Haunted Time: Dogmatic Theology, Neo-Mu'tazilism and Islamic Legal Reform"Advisor: Stephen Humphreys
Seto, Brandon
"Filling the Spiritual Vacuum: Douglas MacArthur, American Christianity and the Occupation of Japan" Advisor: Paul Spickard
Wahlstrom, Todd
"The Southern Exodus to Mexico: Migration Across the Borderlands after the US Civil War" Advisor: John Majewski
Weiss, Jessica
"Convent as Classroom: The Education of Women in Renaissance Italy" Advisor: Carol Lansing
Archambeau, Nicole
"Healing Emotional Distress in a Time of Plague and War: Witnesses to the Canonization of Delphine de Puimichel (l363)" Advisor: Sharon Farmer
Bengry, Justin
"The Pink Pound: Commerce and Homosexuality in Britain, l900-l967" Advisor: Erika Rappaport
Farzaneh, Mateo
"Shi'ite Clerical Authority and Modern Politics: Mulla Muhammad Kazim Khurasani of Najaf and His Support of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of l906-l9ll" Advisor: Nancy Gallagher/Stephen Humphreys
Fournier, Eric
"Victor of Vita and the Vandal 'Persecution:' Interpreting Exile in Late Antiquity" Advisor: Harold Drake/Elizabeth Digeser
Leandra Zarnow
"'A Very Simple Sense of Justice:' Bella Abzug, Jewish Radicalism and the Legal Left from the Popular Front to the Cold War" Graduate Advisor: Eileen Boris (and Jane DeHart, emeritus)
Marx-Wolf, Heidi
"Platonists and High Priests: Daemonology, Ritual and Social Order in the Third Century C.E." Advisor: Harold Drake/Elizabeth Digeser
Mukerjee, Anil
"Financing an Empire in the South Atlantic: The Fiscal Administration of Colonial Brazil, 1609-1703" Advisor: Francis Dutra
Murillo, Bianca
"Market Relations: Retailing, Distribution, and the Politics of Consumption in Ghana, 1930-1970s" Advisor: Stephan Miescher
O'Tool, Mark
"Caring for the Blind in Medieval Paris: Life at the Quinz-vingts, 1250-1430" Advisor: Sharon Farmer
Proulx, Michael
"Speculum Episcopis: History, Hagiography, and Episcopal Competition in the Works of Sulpicius Severus and Paulinus of Milan" Advisor: Harold Drake
Shanks, Mark
"Very Civil Wars: Reenactors, Academics, and the Performance of the Past" Advisor: Ann Plane
Tomas Salinas
Pearl Chase, John Collier, and Indian Reform Through the New Dea Native American Affairs in California and the West, l880-l937
Douglas Lumsden
"And Then the End Will Come": Early Latin Christian Interpretations of the Opening of the Seven Seals
Rick Cahill
Faith and Power in Sixteenth Century Europe: Young Philipp of Hesse and the Reformation
Elizabeth Digeser
Lactantius, Constantine and the Roman Res Publica
Viviana Marsano
"Those Who Wish for Peace Must Prepare For War:" The Ulster Volunteer Force and the Home Rule Crisis of l9l2-l9l4
Michaela Reaves
The Farmer's Revolt: Arms and Fraternity in California, 1870-l880
Shigeru Sugiyama
Reluctant Neighbors: U.S.-Mexican Relations and the Failure of Cardenista Reforms, l934-l949
Gabriel Gutierrez
Bell Towers, Crucifixes, and Canones Violentos: State and Identity Formation in Preindustrial California
Fernando Rocchi
Building a Nation, Building a Market: Industrial Growth and the Domestic Economy in Turn of the Century Argentina
Rick Barton
Power and Lordship in Maine, c. 890-lll0
Rob Helmerichs
Law, Language, and Politics in the Norman and Anglo-Norman World
Keith Zahniser
Popular Religion and Reform in Progressive Era Pittsburgh
Erik Ching
From Clientelism to Militarism: The State, Politics and Authoritarianism in El Salvador, ca. l840-l940
Victor Geraci
Grapegrowing to Vintibusiness: A History of the Santa Barbara, California, Regional Wine Industry, l965-l995
David Espinosa
Jesuit Higher Education in Post-Revolutionary Mexico: The Iberoamerican University (l943-l97l)
Robert Bauman
Race, Class and Political Power: The Implementation of the War on Poverty in Los Angeles
Valery Garrett
The Final Frontier: A History of Assisted Suicide in the United States, l938-l99l
Walter Grunden
Science Under the Rising Sun: Weapons Development and the Organization of Science in World War II Japan
Christine McCann
Spiritual Mentoring in late Antique and Early Medieval Europe
Lynne Stark
The Gaia Hypothesis and the Re-Animation of Nature
Debbie McBride
Benevolent Letters: Ecclesiastical Epistles to Nobles in the Early 20th Century
Ron Morgan
Saints, Biographers and Creole Identity Formation in Colonial Spanish America
Alicia Rodriquez
Urban Populism: Challenges to Democratic Control in Dallas, Texas: l887-l900
Brett Schmoll
Gendered Death in Public Life
Jim Burns
Cinema and Empire in Colonial Zimbabwe
Thomas Cardoza
Duty to the Nation, Devotion to the Regiment: Cantinieres of the French Army, l792-l906
Gerald Carpenter
The Fortune of Angelicque Favre
David Schmidt
"Till Christ Jesus Be Exalted": Quaker Political Pamphlets During the Restoration of the Rump Parliament
Hubert Dubrulle
"A War of Wonders": The Battle in Britain Over Americanization and the American Civil War
Chris Erickson
Conservative Women and Patriotic Maternalism: The Beginnings of Gendered Conservative Tradition in the l920s and l930s.
Betty Koed
The Politics of Reform: Policymakers and the Immigration Act of l965
Fiona Stoertz
Adolescence in Medieval Culture: The High Medieval Transformatio
Bradley Brown
Kingship and the French Revolution of l830: The Meaning of Royal Authority in Popular Political Culture and Orleanism
Monica Orozco
Protestant Missionaires, Mexican Liberals, Nationalism and the Issue of Cultural Incorporation of Indigenous Peoples
Scopas Poggo
War and Conflict in the Southern Sudan, l955-l972
Kevin Chambers
Rural Transformation Under General Stroessner
Gaston Espinosa
Borderland Religion: Los Angeles and the Origins of the Latino Pentecostal Movement in the US, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, l900-l945
Deborah Gerish
Shaping the Crown on Gold: Constructions of Royal Identity in the First Kingdom of Jerusalem, l099-ll87
Robert Jenks
Governing in the Absence of Government: The Birth and Development of the United States Industrial Standards System
Kathryn Statler
From the French to the Americans: Intra-Alliance Politics, Cold War Concerns, and the Cultural Conflict in Vietnam, l950-l960
Chris Ziegler-McPherson
"Americanization: The California Plan": The Commission of Immigration and Housing of California and Public Policy, l9l3-l923
Alan Manatt
Luther Legalized: Imperial Politics and the Reformation, 1521-1526
Stephanie Gustafs
"A Presse Full of Pamphlets:" The Printing of News in London, l640-l642
Peng-Fu Neo
A Study of the "Auxiliary Texts of the Book of Changes"
Laura Wertheimer
The Ecclesiastical Construction of Illegitimacy in the Middle Ages
Michael Adamson
Inventing U.S. Foreign Aid From Private of Public Funding of Economic Development, l9l9-l94l
Doug Dodd
Preserving Multiple Use Management: The U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service and the Struggle for Idaho's Sawtooth Mountain Country, l9ll-l972
Andy Johns
The Loyal Opposition: The Republican Party and the DomesticPolitics of the Vietnam War, l960-l969
Jacob Hamblin
Oceanography and International Cooperation During the Early Cold War
Ken Osgood
Total Cold War: US Propaganda in the 'Free World,' l953-l960
Bev Schwartzberg
Grass Widows, Barbarians, and Bigamists: Fluid Marriage in Late Ninettenth-Century America
Dennis Ventry
The Treatment of Marriage Under the Federal Income Tax, 19l3-2000
Justin Stephens
Ecclesiastical and Imperial Authority in the Writings of John Chrysostom: A Reinterpretation of His Political Philosophy
Rick Fogarty
Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, 1914-l9l8
Stephen Cory
Chosen by God to Rule: The Caliphate and Political Legitimacy in Early Modern Morocco
Susan Snyder
Woman as Heretic: Gender and Lay Religion in Late Medieva Bologna
Jim Emmons
The Limits of Late Antiquity: St. Aed mac Bricc and the Irish in Late Antiquity
Peter McDermott
Sir Henry Vane, Jr: The Formation of a Puritan Conscience
Dan Shao
Ethnicity in Empire and Nation: Manchus, Manzhouguo, and Manchuria, l9ll-l952
Sarah Case
Renogotiating Race and Respectability in the Classroom: Women an and Education in the New South
Tim Hagen
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and the English Press: News, Foreig Policy and Popular Opinion in Early Stuart England
Jose Valente
Soldiers and Settlers: The Knights Templar in Portugal, 1128-1319
Matt Racine
"A Most Opulent Iliad": The Portuguese Occupation of Southern Morocco (l505-l542): The Fortunes of a Frontier Society
Edward Wilson
Coercion and Dissent: Political Policy Against Religious Nonconformists in randenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach and the Holy Roman Empire, l527-2566
Jamece Brown
Expressions of Faith and Spiritual Power in African American Religious Literature
Alexandra Epstein
Linking a State to the World: Female Internationalists, California, and the Pacific, l9l9-l939
Hattingh, Alistair
Cuyo and Goliath. The Province of San Juan and The Argentine Federal Government, l930-l943
Heitschmidt, Traci
The Quest for Uranium: Environmental and Political Effects of Soviet Mining Policy In East Germany, l945-l967
Helffrich, Tryntje
"The Scepter Rests Well in the Hands of a Woman:" Faith, Politics, and the Thirty Years War
Keaney, Heather
Recollections of Regicide: Uthman ibn 'Affan in Mamluk Memory
Carlander, Jay
Discipline and Profit: Slavery and Labor in Antebellum Southern Econmic Thought and Ideology
Howes, Rachel
Mu'ayyad fil-Din al-Shirazi and the Fatimid Dawa in the Age of al-Mustansir
Baranski, John
Making Public Housing in San Francisco: Liberalism, Social Prejudice, and social Activism, l906-l976
Bromber, Robert
English Abandonados and Afortunados: Class and Spanish Justice the Atlantic world, l568-l576
Kelly, Jason
Polite Sociability and Levantine Archeology in the British
Zulueta, Ben
"Brains at a Bargain": Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, American Science, and the Cold War of the Classrooms
Nenzi, Laura
The Culture of Travel in Edo Period Japan
Whitesides, Greg
Genes, Minds and Selves: American Science, Religion and the Industry of Faith and Reason
Ashenmiiller, Josh
The National Environmental Policy Act and the Green Decade, 1969-1981
Bernikho, Rhimou
Saints, Sufis, and Sultans: the Zawiya of Wazzan, a Moroccan Sufi Order, l792-l892
Esselstrom, Erik
GAI KEI: The Japanese Consular Police in Northeast Asia, l880-l945
See, Jennifer
The Interregnum: Great Power Relations Between World War and Cold War, l945-l947
Emerson, Mark
Messianic Expectation and Collective Myth Formation: Prophecy, Society and Imagination in Early Modern Portugual
Hall, David
Amy Brown Lyman and Mormon Women's Activism, 1872-1959
Hendrickson, Mark
Labor Knowledge and the Building of Modern Industrial Relations, 1918-1929
Polanah, Paulo
Exceptionalism and the Imperial Mystique: National and Colonial Discourse, and the Forging of a Portuguese Imperial Identity, 1928-1945
Kim, Monte
The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Making of Place and Commun in California
Widders, Evan
Healing Medicine: Medical Reform in the Spanish Enlightenment, 1767-1788
Rapp, Ann
A Marginalized Voice for Racial Justice: Charlotta Bass and Oppositional Politics, l9l4-l960
Sutton, Matthew
Aimee Semple McPherson, Pentecostalism, and Politics
Sizgorich, Tom
Monks, Martyrs and Mujahidun: Militant Piety in Late Antiquity and Early Islam
Swiontek, Danielle
With Ballots and Pocketbooks: Women, Labor, and Reform in Progressive California
Burden, David
La Idea Salvadora: Immigration and Colonization Politics in Mexico, 1821-1857
McLoughlin, Nancy
Universitas, Secular-Mendicant Conflict and the Construction of Learned Male Authority in the Thought of Jean Gerson
Birk, Joshua
Sicilian Counterpoint: Power and Pluralism in Norman Sicily
Pastrano, Jose
Industrial Agriculture in the Peripheral South: State, Race, and the Politics of Migrant Labor in Texas, 1890-1930
Wright, Christopher
Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam's 'Futuhmisr:' An Analysis of the Text and New Insights into the Islamic Conquest of Egypt
Chapman, Jessica
Debating the Will of Heaven: South Vietnamese Politics and Nationalism in Intrnational Perspective, 1953-1956
Malikov, Yuriy
Formation of a Borderland Culture: Myths and Realities of Cossack- Kazakh Relations in Northern Kazakhstan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Sbardellati, John
Hollywood's Cold War: The FBI, Congress, and the Battle over Film Propaganda
Schuster, David
Neurasthenic Nation: The Medicalization of Modernity in the United States, 1869-1920
Torres-Rouff, David
Making Los Angeles: Race, Space, and Municipal Power, 1822-1890
Zakariya, Hafiz
Islamic Reform in Colonial Malaya: Shaykh Tahir Jalaluddin and Sayyid Shaykh al-Hadi
Aono, Toshihiko
The Twin Crises and the Anglo-American Alliance, l961-l962
Dawson, Sandra
Islands of Leisure: British Holiday Camps in War and Peace
Feinberg, Carol
The Knowledge Traders: Psychological Experts, Political Intellectuals, and the Rise of the New Right
Blodgett, Michael
Attila, Flagellum Dei? Huns and Romans, Conflict and Cooperation in the Late Antique World
Guevarra, Rudy
Mexipino: A History of Multiethnic Identity and the Formation of the Mexican and Filipino Communities of San Diego, l900-l965
Dormady, Jason
Not Just a Better Mexico: Intentional Religious Community and the Mexican State, l940-l964
Boyle, Eric
The Boundaries of Medicine: Redefining Therapeutic Orthodoxy in an Age of Reform
Logrono, Maria
The Development of Nationailst Identities in French Syria and Lebanon: A Transnational Dialogue with Arab Immigrants to Argentina and Brazil, l9l5-l929
Werthmuller, Kurt
An In-Between Space: An Archival and Textual Study of Coptic Identity and Ayyubid Politics in Egypt, 1171-1250 C.E.
Aberman, Matthew
DeFraga, Matthew
Petersen, Bethanie
Atassi, Ahmad
Harris, Bonnie
Kester, Matthew
Levine, Sharleen Nakamoto
Page, Ingrid


text:
What was your viewing experience like for the 2012 NHL draft?
NHL Draft 2012 Minnesota Wild Round 3-7 Review
NHL Draft 2012 #46th Overall: Minnesota Wild Select Raphael Bussieres
It's time for rounds 2-7, who will the Wild add to the stables?
Listen in as Mathew Dumba speaks after being drafted by the Minnesota Wild.
NHL Draft 2012: Minnesota Wild Select Mathew Dumba
The Russian Factor and Mikhail Grigorenko: What Is It?
Who will it be for the Minnesota Wild in the 2012 NHL Draft?
NHL Mock Draft 2012: Danccchan's Mock Draft
If the draft were run by JS, lord help us, how would it go down?
We'll email you a reset link.
If you signed up using a 3rd party account like Facebook or Twitter, please login with it instead.
You must be a member of Defending Big D to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at Defending Big D. You should read them.
You must be a member of Defending Big D to participate.
We have our own Community Guidelines at Defending Big D. You should read them.
Choose an available username to complete sign up.
In order to provide our users with a better overall experience, we ask for more information from Facebook when using it to login so that we can learn more about our audience and provide you with the best possible experience. We do not store specific user data and the sharing of it is not required to login with Facebook.


text:
The Tigers are coming off of a disappointing 18-32 mark in year one competing in the SEC. The team's first-ever trip to the SEC Tournament closed out the season as Mizzou lost in a 17-inning marathon to eventual College World Series finalist Mississippi State, 2-1, in Hoover. In all, the Tigers finished 12th in the SEC last season. Do-it-all utility man Keaton Steele was named to the All-SEC First Team and freshman Josh Lester was an All-SEC Freshman Team selection.
Click here for the original story.
Welcome to SECTalk.com
|Welcome to SECTalk.com -- The Home of 6 Straight National Titles!
You are currently accessing our site as a guest which means you can't access all of our features such as social groups, sports betting, and many more. By joining our free community you will have access to all of these great features as well as to participating in our forums, contacting other members, and much more. Registration only takes a minute and SECTalk.com is absolutely free, so please join today!
If you have any problems registering or signing in, please contact us.
Countdown to Kickoff
Latest Topics
Latest News
Top High Fived
Top Bettors
Baseball Changes Weekend Slate, Heads to McNeese St.
Started by SECTalk.com, Feb 13 2014 01:18 PM
Similar Topics
|Started By
|Last Post Info
Auburn Baseball Summer League Update: July 25
Started by Spunk, 25 Jul 2014 In: The West → Auburn Sports → Auburn News
- 0 replies
- 70 views
David Kindred Named Director of Baseball Operations
Started by Tider27, 25 Jul 2014 In: The West → Alabama Sports → Alabama News
- 0 replies
- 42 views
Vol Baseball Adds Hall, Warren to Roster
Started by SECTalk.com, 23 Jul 2014 In: The East → Tennessee Sports → Tennessee News
- 0 replies
- 188 views
Mizzou Baseball Announces 20th Bullpen Scramble
Started by SECTalk.com, 23 Jul 2014 In: The East → Missouri Sports → Missouri News
- 0 replies
- 33 views
Offseason With Gamecock Baseball - Summer Update
Started by GAMECOCK_FAN, 23 Jul 2014 In: The East → South Carolina Sports → South Carolina News
- 0 replies
- 47 views
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


text:
Getting to the Wisconsin State Fair is no easy feat -- expect some congestion. If you drive, you have two options: park on the fair grounds, or park near the fair grounds, as most homes and businesses in the area let you park in their lots or on their lawns for a fee. There are also many shuttle options, as well as riding the city bus.
Parking on the State Fair Grounds:
Parking is $10 per vehicle / motorcycle
Handicapped Parking is also $10 per vehicle.
Designated parking areas for the handicapped can be found at:
- Gate 1 at 79th Street and Greenfield Avenue
- Gate 7 on the north end of the Fair Park off Kearney Street
- Gate 3 on 84th Street near the State Fair Transit Center. You will be directed to special parking areas.
Milwaukee County Transit System Shuttles
Park free and take the Shuttle! The Shuttle from Watertown Plank Road Park-Ride Lot at HWY 45 operates to the State Fair Transit Center at Gate 4 every day of the Fair. Shuttles operate every 15 minutes from 7:30 a.m. until a half-hour after the fair closes.
Cost: $3 round-trip for adults (ages 12-64) and $1.50 for children (ages 6-11), seniors (65 & over) and persons with disabilities with proper I.D.
Contact: For more details visit statefairshuttle.com or call (414) 344-6711
Milwaukee County Transit System Freeway Flyers
Park free at any of the following park-ride lots: Brown Deer Road west of I-43; Green Bay Road just north of Brown Deer Road; College Avenue at I-94 (both lots); Southridge Mall Parking Lot on Edgerton Avenue at 72nd Street; Whitnall/Hales Corners at I-43 east of S. 108th Street. Buses drop off and pick up at the State Fair Transit Center at Gate 4.
Freeway Flyers operate between 7:30 a.m. until a half-hour after the fair closes. Service is every half-hour except at the Brown Deer and Green Bay Road Park-Ride lots which have hourly service. Buses will serve the Green Bay Road Lot every hour at 20 minutes past (beginning at 7:20 a.m.) and the Brown Deer Lot will be served hourly at 30 minutes past the hour (beginning at 7:30 a.m.).
Cost: $6.50 for adults (ages 12-64), and $3 for children (ages 6-11), seniors (65 & over) and persons with disabilities with proper I.D. Exact fare required.
Contact: For more details visit statefairshuttle.com or call (414) 344-6711
Milwaukee County Transit System Regular Routes
Take Route 23 straight to the fair! Route 23 runs to the fair every 15-20 minutes from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. This service leaves from 2nd Street, just north of Wisconsin Avenue.
Catch the Route 23 bus home from State Fair at the State Fair Transit Center at Gate 4. This bus runs from 10 a.m. to Fair Close, with a frequency of 15 - 20 minutes until 7 p.m., and every 30 minutes thereafter.
Note to passengers: Not all Route 23 buses will serve State Fair, look for the Route 23 bus with a State Fair destination sign. Other Route 23 buses will operate the regular route.
Other local routes: Route 56 (Greenfield Ave.), Route 67 (N. 76th St.-S. 84th St.) and Route 76 (N. 60th-S. 70th St.) stop near State Fair Park entrances.
Cost: Regular fares are in effect for Routes 23, 56, 67 and 76 which are $2.25 for adults; and $1.10 for children (6-11), seniors (65 and older) and individuals with disabilities with proper ID
Contact: For more details visit RideMCTS.com or call (414) 344-6711
Go Riteway's State Fair Shuttle From Washington County
Go Riteway offers daily round-trip service throughout the day from two locations in Washington County. Daily departures being at Washington County Fair Park at 7:00 a.m., and the Life Church Parking Lot at 7:30 a.m.
Cost: Parking is FREE at each location. Fare is $12 for adults (12-59); $10 for Seniors 60+ or those with disabilities; $5 for children aged 7-11 and free for children under 7.
Contact: For more details visit goriteway.com
Waukesha County Shuttle
Those in Waukesha County can ride to the fair from three convenient locations along I-94. The first bus departs Goerkes Corners (I-94/Hwy 18 Park & Ride at Barker Road) at 7:25 a.m., with departures every 30 minutes until 7:55 p.m. Departures from the Nagawaukee Park & Ride in Delafield (I-94 & Hwy 83) begin at 7:30 a.m., and depart every half hour until 7:30 p.m. Departures from the Meadowbrook Park & Ride in Pewaukee (I-94 & Hwy G) begin at 7:40 a.m. and depart every 30 minutes until 7:40 p.m. The shuttle drops off at the U.S. Cellular Main Gate with return trips every 30 minutes.
Cost: Regular round-trip fares are $8 for adults; $6 for seniors 65+ and children age 7 to 11; free for children 5 years and under.
Contact: For more details visit statefairshuttle.com
Plan your visit to the Wisconsin State Fair 2013:
- The Wisconsin State Fair 2012 will run from August 1 - 11.
- General Admission to the Wisconsin State Fair is $10 (ages 12); $7 seniors, military and veterans; $6 kids (6-11); Free for kids young kids 5 and younger.
- Check out the great line up at the Wisconsin State Fair Main Stage.
- Wisconsin State Fair in photos.


text:
5937 Nicollet Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55419
The Cub Foods at Nicollet and 60th is the local branch of this regional chain. In addition to a broad selection of foods…More typically found in mainstream grocery stores, this Cub Foods has a nice selection of natural foods and gluten-free foods as well as a selection of organic produce. This Cub Foods also offers a reasonable selection of international foods from Asia and Mexico. Cub Foods is know for having good deals and this Cub Foods is no exception; coupons and weekly specials make the deals even better.
4751 Nicollet Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55419
CK Food & Fuel is a locally owned and operated convenience store. The store features the fast food Mexican…More restaurant, Pollos Asados de los Santos, which offers a wide selection of dishes from south of the border. The gas station supplies regular, mid-grade and super premium gasoline. Gas discounts are available.
2803 W 43rd St, Minneapolis, MN 55410
Open since 1992, Zumbro Cafe is a family-owned restaurant that specializes in breakfast and lunch, plus brunch on…More weekends. Emphasizing local and organic ingredients, Zumbro strives to make healthy, delicious food. The meals are affordable at this kid-friendly establishment.
5937 Nicollet Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55419
For your convenience, TCF Bank is open seven days a week. And even more convenient, you can do your banking while…More picking up your fruit and vegetables at your local Cub Foods. TCF Bank is located near the main entrance to Cub Foods. You may complete deposits, withdrawals and wire transfers at this location. Also, turn your coins into cash with TCF Bank's coin machine.
3815 Sunnyside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55410
Founded in 1976 and still community-owned, the Linden Hills Co-op provides fresh, local produce and…More environmentally-friendly products to the Linden Hills community.
Customers may purchase food or beverages at the store's new location, which includes items from a deli, bakery or salad bar, all of which can be enjoyed in a comfortable seating area.
With over 300 relationships with nearby farmers and producers, the co-op stocks local cheese, fair-trade coffee and regional produce.
In addition to food, co-op shoppers can peruse a variety of natural medicines, environmentally-friendly products and vitamins.
2724 W 43rd St, Minneapolis, MN 55410
If you're in the mood for fresh, local food paired with fresh, local beer, look no further than this comfortable…More neighborhood bistro. Co-owned by Surly brewer Todd Haug, Cafe Twenty Eight features a dependable selection of Surly drafts. The restaurant also serves coffee from Linden Hills neighbor Coffee and Tea, Ltd. and gets its meat directly from local farmers.
A family business committed to providing the community with quality cuisine, Cafe Twenty Eight serves up a selection of local, organic offerings. Follow Cafe Twenty Eight on Twitter, and check out the blog on the Cafe Twenty Eight Web site.


text:
Back when you could fill your gas tank for about $5 and life was a lot simpler, baseball was the national pastime. The big-name players almost always stayed with one team throughout their careers and were regarded as heroes.
Oh what memories.
A 13-part series, "Baseball's Golden Age," will bring back some of those memories for old-timers and fascinate younger fans by showing legends such as Babe Ruth in living color.


text:
Perfect starter M/C
Speedometer cable fails every 3-4 years.
Dust seals on fork have failed.
General Comments:
Wonderful for a first bike.
Wished for a larger gas tank while on road trips; refueling every 120 miles was a pain.
Super reliable.
Over the years, I have removed much of the plastic flash and hidden wiring.
Would you buy another motorcycle from this manufacturer? Yes
Review Date: 26th May, 2013


text:
Dallas Market Center marks social media milestone with hotel offer
Casual Living Staff -- Casual Living, January 15, 2013
DALLAS - Dallas Market Center is celebrating reaching the 10,000 "Likes" milestone on its Facebook page with a special offer on hotel rates.
DMC is offering up to 50% off for three nights at the Belmont Hotel, Hotel Indigo and NYLO Hotel during the March markets to anyone who "Likes" the page.
"We're thrilled to see our Facebook page reach 10,000 Likes,' said Cindy Morris, COO, Dallas Market Center. "We believe engaging with buyers, exhibitors, reps and others on social media platforms like Facebook is key to building relationships. We look forward to the next 10,000 Likes and continuing the social conversation."
Participants may call (214) 744-7444 and reference "Facebook Special" until March 1 to take advantage of the offer, which is subject to availability.
The market center is also active on other social platforms including Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and Know It All, the Market Center's blog.
Related Content By Author
Sponsored Links
Featured Video
Tiny Girl, Big Dream


text:
Mitch's Surf Shop
Upload Photo
Drag box to select area
Since 1967, Mitch's has been La Jolla's first surf shop and it still has a strong connection and following in the surrounding community. Surfboards are stacked near the back of the shop, next to an extensive selection of wetsuits for every body type. The unique product lines and quality customer service have kept Mitch's Surf Shop a community staple. Lifeguards can take advantage of special discounts.
631 Pearl St, La Jolla, CA 92037
(858) 459-5933
- Accessibility Details: Handicapped parking available
- Accessibility Details: Ramp leading to entrance
- Hours: Mon - Sat, 10am - 7pm; Sun, 10am - 5pm
- Hours: Mon - Thu, 4pm - 10pm; Fri, 3pm - midnight; Sat, noon - midnight; Sun, 11am - 9pm
- Accessible: yes
Posts awaiting your approval 0
Who wants to be the first to post?
Copyright ©2014 Planck LLC d/b/a Patch Media. All rights reserved | Patch Network


text:
How we change what others think, feel, believe and do
Luncheon Technique
Techniques > General persuasion > Articles on persuasion > Luncheon Technique
Description | Example | Discussion | See also
Persuade people over a meal. When they are eating (not before or after), present your ideas and make your persuasive statements.
Make sure the place where you are eating is pleasant and comfortable, and that the food is of good quality. It is key that the other person is comfortable and feeling satisfied.
A sales person takes a customer to a nice restaurant. During the meal, they ask more probing questions about needs and then sows some seeds about future problems. At a later meal, the sales person finds the person more open and starts to talk about a possible solution.
Gregory Razran described this principle in 1938, when he presented political statements to subjects, first in a normal setting and then in other contexts. Statements rated during eating a meal increase significantly in approval.
One reason this may work is by an extended effect of the urge system, where hunger creates an urge to eat, and whilst we are eating we may more easily take in ideas as well as food.
If there is alcohol at the meal then this may also impair normal judgement, though this is not a necessary addition -- the major reason the Luncheon Technique works is food and eating, not drunkenness.
Having lunch with a person takes a certain amount of time, typically around an hour, which is often more than you might get in a sales meeting. You also have a captive audience who is not distracted by other intrusions.
There may also be some bonding effect here, where they like you, and consequent exchange effect, where they feel obliged to listen more openly to your persuasive arguments.
Note that this is an incremental factor, not a magic technique -- if the person fundamentally does not like your ideas then eventually .
See also
The Brain's Urge system, Exchange principle
Razran, G.H.S. (1938). Conditioning Away Social Bias by the Luncheon Technique, Psychological. Bulletin, 35, 693
— Contact — Caveat — About — Students — Webmasters — Awards — Guestbook — Feedback — Sitemap — Changes —