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Rosetta (spacecraft)
Computer model of Rosetta
|Mission type
|Comet orbiter/lander
|European Space Agency
|Mission duration
|10 years, 4 months and 29 days elapsed
|Spacecraft properties
|Launch mass
|Orbiter: 2,900 kg (6,400 lb)
Lander: 100 kg (220 lb)
|Dry mass
|Orbiter: 1,230 kg (2,710 lb)
|Payload mass
|Orbiter: 165 kg (364 lb)
Lander: 27 kg (60 lb)
|2.8 × 2.1 × 2 m (9.2 × 6.9 × 6.6 ft)
|850 watts at 3.4 AU[1]
|Start of mission
|Launch date
|2 March 2004, 07:17UTC
|Ariane 5G+ V-158
|Launch site
|Kourou ELA-3
|Flyby of Mars
|Closest approach
|25 February 2007
|250 km (160 mi)
|Flyby of 2867 Šteins
|Closest approach
|5 September 2008, 20:38 UTC
|800 km (500 mi)
|Flyby of 21 Lutetia
|Closest approach
|10 July 2010, 16:10 UTC
|3,162 km (1,965 mi)
|67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko orbiter
|Orbital insertion
|August 2014 (planned)[2]
|Orbit parameters
|200 km (120 mi) planned
|S band (low gain antenna)
X band (high gain antenna)
|7.8 bit/s (S Band)
22 kbit/s (X Band)[3]
|ALICE: Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer
CONSERT: COmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radio wave Transmission
COSIMA: COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer
GIADA: Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator
MIDAS: Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System
MIRO: Microwave Spectrometer for the Rosetta Orbiter
OSIRIS: Optical, Spectroscopic, and InfraRed Remote Imaging System
ROSINA: Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis
RPC Rosetta Plasma Consortium
RSI: Radio Science Investigation
VIRTIS: Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer
Rosetta is a robotic spacecraft built and launched by the European Space Agency to perform a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.[4] It is part of the ESA Horizon 2000 cornerstone missions and is the first mission designed to both orbit and land on a comet.[5]
Rosetta was launched in March 2004 on an Ariane 5 rocket and is scheduled to reach the comet in August 2014.[2] The spacecraft consists of two main elements: the Rosetta space probe orbiter, which features 12 instruments, and the Philae robotic lander, with an additional nine instruments.[6] The Rosetta mission will orbit 67P for 17 months and is designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted. The mission is controlled from the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), in Darmstadt, Germany.[7]
The probe is named after the Rosetta Stone, a basalt slab of Egyptian origin featuring a decree in three scripts. The lander is named after the Nile island Philae, where an obelisk was discovered with inscriptions. A comparison of the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone and the obelisk led to greater understanding of the Egyptian writing system. Similarly, it is hoped that these spacecraft will result in better understanding of comets and the early Solar System.[8][9]
The spacecraft has already performed two successful asteroid flyby missions on its way to the comet.[10] In 2007, Rosetta also performed a Mars swingby (flyby), and returned images.[11] The craft completed its fly-by of asteroid 2867 Šteins in September 2008 and of 21 Lutetia in July 2010.[12] On 20 January 2014, Rosetta was taken out of a 31-month hibernation mode and is continuing to its target.[13][14]
- 1 Mission timeline
- 2 Mission overview
- 3 Instruments
- 4 Reaction control system problems
- 5 Misidentification
- 6 Timeline of major events and discoveries
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Mission timeline[edit]
This is the planned timeline for the Rosetta mission:
- Launch (2 March 2004)
- First Earth flyby (4 March 2005)
- Mars flyby (25 February 2007)
- Second Earth flyby (13 November 2007)
- Flyby of asteroid 2867 Šteins (5 September 2008)
- Third Earth flyby (13 November 2009)
- Flyby of asteroid 21 Lutetia (10 July 2010)
- Deep-space hibernation (June 2011 – January 2014)
- Comet approach (January–May 2014)
- Deceleration burns (May-July 2014)
- Orbital insertion, comet mapping and characterisation (August 2014)
- Landing on the comet (November 2014)
- Escorting the comet around the Sun (November 2014 – December 2015)
- End of mission (December 2015)
Rosetta's current location can be found on the ESA website.[15]
Mission overview[edit]
During the 1986 approach of Halley's Comet, a number of international space probes were sent to explore the comet, most prominent among them being ESA's Giotto. After the probes returned valuable scientific information, it was becoming obvious that follow-ons were needed that would shed more light on the cometary composition and answer newly opened questions.
Both ESA and NASA started cooperatively developing new probes. The NASA project was the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) mission. The ESA project was the follow-on Comet Nucleus Sample Return (CNSR) mission. Both missions were to share the Mariner Mark II spacecraft design, thus minimising costs. In 1992, after NASA cancelled CRAF due to budgetary limitations, ESA decided to develop a CRAF-style project on its own. By 1993 it was evident that the ambitious sample return mission was unfeasible with the existing ESA budget, so the mission was redesigned, with the final flight plan resembling the cancelled CRAF mission, an asteroid flyby followed by a comet rendezvous with in-situ examination, including a lander.
Rosetta was built in a clean room according to COSPAR rules, but "sterilisation [was] generally not crucial since comets are usually regarded as objects where you can find prebiotic molecules, that is, molecules that are precursors of life, but not living microorganisms",[16] according to Gerhard Schwehm, Rosetta's Project Scientist.
Rosetta was set to be launched on 12 January 2003 to rendezvous with the comet 46P/Wirtanen in 2011.
However, this plan was abandoned after a failure of the Ariane 5 carrier rocket during a communications satellite launch on 11 December 2002, grounding it until the cause of the failure could be determined. A new plan was formed to target the comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko, with a revised launch date of 26 February 2004 and comet rendezvous in 2014. The larger mass and the resulting increased impact velocity made modification of the landing gear necessary.[17] After two scrubbed launch attempts, Rosetta was launched on 2 March 2004 at 7:17 GMT. Aside from the changes made to launch time and target, the mission profile remains almost identical.
Deep space manoeuvres[edit]
To achieve the required velocity to rendezvous with 67P/C-G Rosetta used gravity assist manoeuvres to accelerate throughout the inner Solar System. The asteroid's orbit was known before Rosetta's launch, from ground-based measurements, to an accuracy of approximately 100 km (62 mi). Information gathered by the onboard cameras beginning at a distance of 24 million kilometres (15,000,000 mi) were processed at ESA's Operation Centre to refine the asteroid's position in its orbit to a few kilometres. The first flyby of Earth occurred on 4 March 2005.
On 25 February 2007, the craft was scheduled for a low-altitude bypass of Mars, to correct the trajectory after the first launch attempt in 2003 was delayed by one year. This was not without risk, as the estimated altitude of the flyover manoeuvre was a mere 250 kilometres (160 mi). During that encounter the solar panels could not be used since the craft was in the planet's shadow, where it would not receive any solar light for 15 minutes, causing a dangerous shortage of power. The craft was therefore put into standby mode, with no possibility to communicate, flying on batteries that were originally not designed for this task.[18] This Mars manoeuvre was therefore nicknamed "The Billion Euro Gamble".[19] Fortunately, the flyby was successful and the mission continued as planned.[20]
The second Earth flyby occurred on 13 November 2007.[21][22] In 2007, as it approached Earth for a fly-by, the spacecraft was briefly designated as minor planet 2007 VN84 due to it being misidentified as an asteroid.
The spacecraft performed a close flyby of asteroid 2867 Šteins on 5 September 2008. Its onboard cameras were used to fine-tune the trajectory, achieving a minimum separation of less than 800 km (500 mi). Onboard instruments measured the asteroid from 4 August to 10 September. Maximum relative speed between the two objects during the flyby was 8.6 km/s (19,000 mph; 31,000 km/h).[23]
Rosetta's third and final flyby of Earth happened on 12 November 2009.[24]
In May 2014, Rosetta began a series of eight deceleration burns. These will reduce the relative velocity between the spacecraft and 67P/C-G from 775 m/s (2,540 ft/s) to 7.9 m/s (26 ft/s).[2] Further burns in August 2014 will put Rosetta into orbit around 67P/C-G.[2]
Orbit of 67P/C-G[edit]
In August 2014, Rosetta will enter a slow orbit around the comet and gradually slow down in preparation for releasing a lander that will make contact with the comet itself. The exact surface layout of the comet is currently unknown and the orbiter has been built to map this before detaching the lander. It is anticipated that a suitable landing site can be found, although few specific details exist regarding the surface.
Philae lander[edit]
The lander, named Philae, will approach Churyumov–Gerasimenko at relative speed around 1 m/s (2.2 mph; 3.6 km/h) and on contact with the surface, two harpoons will be fired into the comet to prevent the lander from bouncing off. Additional drills are used to further secure the lander on the comet.
Once attached to the comet, expected to take place in November 2014, the lander will begin its science mission:
- Characterisation of the nucleus
- Determination of the chemical compounds present, including enantiomers[25]
- Study of comet activities and developments over time
The investigation of the core is done by three spectroscopes, one microwave radio antenna and one radar:
- ALICE (an ultraviolet imaging spectrograph). The ultraviolet spectrograph will search for the abundance of noble gas in the comet core, from which the temperature during the comet creation could be estimated. The detection is done by an array of potassium bromide and caesium iodide photocathodes. The 3.1 kg (6.8 lb) instrument uses 2.9 watts and was produced in the USA, and an improved version is used in the New Horizons spacecraft. It operates in the extreme and far ultraviolet spectrum, between 700 and 2,050 ångströms (70 and 205 nm).[26][27]
- OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System). The camera system has a narrow-angle lens (700 mm) and a wide-angle lens (140 mm), with a 2048x2048 pixel CCD chip. The instrument was constructed in Germany.[28]
- VIRTIS (Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer). The Visible and IR spectrometer is able to make pictures of the core in the IR and also search for IR spectra of molecules in the coma. The detection is done by a mercury cadmium teluride array for IR and with a CCD chip for the visible wavelength range. The instrument was produced in Italy, and improved versions were used for Dawn and Venus Express.[29]
- MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter). The abundance and temperature of volatile substances like water, ammonia and carbon dioxide can be detected by MIRO via their microwave emissions. The 30 cm (12 in) radio antenna was constructed in Germany, while the rest of the 18.5 kg (41 lb) instrument was provided by the USA.
- CONSERT (Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission). The CONSERT experiment will provide information about the deep interior of the comet using a radar. The radar will perform tomography of the nucleus by measuring electromagnetic wave propagation between the Philae lander and the Rosetta orbiter through the comet nucleus. This allows it to determine the comet's internal structure and deduce information on its composition. The electronics were developed by France and both antennas were constructed in Germany.[30]
- RSI (Radio Science Investigation). RSI makes use of the probe's communication system for physical investigation of the nucleus and the inner coma of the comet.[31]
Gas and particles[edit]
- ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis). The instrument consists of a double-focus magnetic mass spectrometer DFMS and a reflectron type time of flight mass spectrometer RTOF. The DFMS has a high resolution (can resolve N2 from CO) for molecules up to 300 amu. The RTOF is highly sensitive for neutral molecules and for ions.[32]
- MIDAS (Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System). The high-resolution atomic force microscope will investigate several physical aspects of the dust particles which are deposited on a silicon plate.[33]
- COSIMA (Cometary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser). COSIMA analyses the composition of dust particles by secondary ion mass spectrometry, after the surface is cleaned by indium ions. It can analyse ions up to a mass of 4000 amu.[34]
- GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) [35]
Solar wind interaction[edit]
Reaction control system problems[edit]
In 2006, Rosetta suffered a leak in its reaction control system (RCS).[38] The system, which consists of 24 bipropellant 10-newton thrusters,[2] is responsible for fine tuning the trajectory of Rosetta throughout its journey. Due to the leak the RCS will operate at a lower pressure than designed. This may cause the propellants to mix incompletely and so burn 'dirtier' and less efficiently, though ESA engineers are confident that they have sufficient fuel reserves to allow successful completion of the mission.[39]
Rosetta's reaction wheels are showing higher than expected vibration, though testing revealed the system can be operated more efficiently resulting in less wear on the wheels. Before hibernation, two of the spacecraft's four reaction wheels began exhibiting "noise". Engineers turned on three of the wheels after the spacecraft awoke, including one of the bad wheels. The other improperly functioning wheel will be held in reserve. Additionally, new software was uploaded which would allow Rosetta to function with only two active reaction wheels if necessary.[38][40]
In November 2007, during its second flyby, the Rosetta spacecraft was mistaken for a near-Earth asteroid and given the designation 2007 VN84. Based upon images taken by a 0.68-metre telescope of the Catalina Sky Survey, an astronomer 'discovered' the spacecraft and misidentified it as an asteroid about 20 m (66 ft) in diameter, and performed a trajectory calculation showing that it would make its closest flyby of the Earth at a distance of 5,700 km (3,500 mi) on 13 November 2007. This extremely close approach (in astronomical terms) led to speculation that 2007 VN84 might be at risk of impacting the Earth.[41] However, astronomer Denis Denisenko recognised that the trajectory matched that of the Rosetta probe, which was performing a flyby of Earth en route to its rendezvous with a comet.[42] The Minor Planet Center later confirmed in an editorial release that 2007 VN84 was actually the spacecraft.[43]
Timeline of major events and discoveries[edit]
- 2004
- 2 March – ESA's Rosetta mission was successfully launched at 07:17 UTC (04:17 local time) from Kourou, French Guiana. The upper stage and payload were successfully injected into an eccentric coast orbit of 200 km × 4,000 km (120 mi × 2,490 mi). At 09:14 UTC the upper stage engine fired to bring the spacecraft to escape velocity, leaving Earth and entering heliocentric orbit. Rosetta was released 18 minutes later. The ESOC in Darmstadt, Germany, established contact with the probe shortly after that.[44]
- 10 May – The first and most important deep space manoeuvre was successfully executed to adjust the course of the space craft, with a reported inaccuracy of 0.05%.
- 2005
- 4 March – Rosetta executed its first planned close flyby of Earth. The Moon and the Earth's magnetic field were used to test and calibrate the instruments on board of the spacecraft. The minimum altitude above the Earth's surface was about 1,954.7 km (1,214.6 mi) at 22:09 UTC and images of the space probe passing by were captured by amateur astronomers.[45]
- 4 July – Imaging instruments on board observed the collision between the comet Tempel 1 and the impactor of the Deep Impact mission.[46]
- 2007
- 25 February – Mars swing-by. Philae's ROMAP (Rosetta Lander Magnetometer and Plasma Monitor) instrument measures the complex Martian magnetic environment,[47] while Rosetta's OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) took various images of the planet using different photographic filters.[11] While in Mars' shadow most of the instruments were turned off and the Philae lander was autonomously running on batteries. During this operation the ÇIVA instrument on the lander took pictures of Mars.[20] Among others, both actions were meant to test the spacecraft's instruments. The spacecraft used the gravity of Mars to change course towards its second Earth flyby in November.[48]
- 8 November – Misidentification of Rosetta spacecraft as an asteroid (see Misidentification).
- 2008
- 5 September – Flyby of asteroid 2867 Šteins. The spacecraft passed the main-belt asteroid at a distance of 800 km (500 mi) and the relatively slow speed of 8.6 km/s (19,000 mph; 31,000 km/h).[49]
- 2009
- 13 November – Last swingby (gravity assist passage) of Earth. The spacecraft made its closest approach (perigee passage) at 2,481 km (1,542 mi) altitude over 109°E and 8°S – just off the coast of the Indonesian island of Java, at 07:45 UTC.[50]
- 2010
- 16 March – Observation of the dust tail of asteroid P/2010 A2. Together with observations by Hubble Space Telescope it could be confirmed that P/2010 A2 is not a comet but an asteroid and that the tail most likely consists of particles from an impact by a smaller asteroid.[51]
- 10 July – Flew by and photographed the asteroid 21 Lutetia.[52]
- 2011
- 8 June – The spacecraft was transferred into a spin stabilised mode and all electronics except the on-board computer and the hibernation heaters were switched off.[53]
- 2014
- 20 January – At 10:00 UTC the spacecraft computer was taken out of hibernation mode and started post-hibernation procedures. Rosetta restored communications with ESOC through NASA's Goldstone ground station at 18:18 UTC.[54][55]
- May to July - Starting on 7 May, Rosetta began orbital correction manoeuvres to bring itself into orbit around 67P/C-G. At the time of the first deceleration burn Rosetta was approximately 2,000,000 km (1,200,000 mi) away from 67P/C-G and had a relative velocity of +775 m/s (2,540 ft/s); by the end of the last burn, scheduled for 23 July, the distance will have been reduced to just over 4,000 km (2,500 mi) with a relative velocity of +7.9 m/s (26 ft/s).[2][56] Eight burns are planned in total with the majority of the deceleration scheduled during three burns: Delta-v's of 291 m/s (950 ft/s) on 21 May, 271 m/s (890 ft/s) on 4 June, and 91 m/s (300 ft/s) on 18 June.[2]
- 14 July - The OSIRIS on-board imaging system returned images of Comet 67P/C-G which confirm the irregular structure of the comet, and suggest that it may be a contact binary, though other formation scenarios exist.[57][58]
- August - In August Rosetta will undergo two orbital insertion manoeuvres. The final burn that will place Rosetta into orbit around 67P/C-G is currently scheduled for 6 August.[59]
- ^ "Rosetta at a glance – technical data and timeline". DLR. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
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- ^ "Unlocking the secrets of the universe: Rosetta lander named Philae". European Space Agency. 5 February 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ^ Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz; Boehnhardt, Hermann; Koschny, Detlef; Kührt, Ekkehard; Richter, Ingo (February 2007). "The Rosetta Mission: Flying Towards the Origin of the Solar System". Space Science Reviews 128 (1-4): 1–21. Bibcode:2007SSRv..128....1G. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9140-8.
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- ^ Amos, Jonathan (4 October 2010). "Asteroid Lutetia has thick blanket of debris". BBC News. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
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- ^ "Rosetta makes final home call". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Meierhenrich, Uwe (2008). Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76886-9. ISBN 978-3-540-76885-2.
- ^ Stern, S. A.; Slater, D. C.; Scherrer, J.; Stone, J.; Versteeg, M. et al. (February 2007). "Alice: The Rosetta Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph". Space Science Reviews 128 (1-4): 507–527. arXiv:astro-ph/0603585. Bibcode:2007SSRv..128..507S. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9035-8.
- ^ Stern, S. A.; Slater, D. C.; Gibson, W.; Scherrer, J.; A'Hearn, M. et al. (1998). "Alice—An Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer for the Rosetta Orbiter". Advances in Space Research 21 (11): 1517–1525. Bibcode:1998AdSpR..21.1517S. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00944-7.
- ^ Thomas, N.; Keller, H. U.; Arijs, E.; Barbieri, C.; Grande, M. et al. (1998). "Osiris—The optical, spectroscopic and infrared remote imaging system for the Rosetta Orbiter". Advances in Space Research 21 (11): 1505–1515. Bibcode:1998AdSpR..21.1505T. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00943-5.
- ^ Coradini, A.; Capaccioni, F.; Capria, M. T.; Cerroni, P.; de Sanctis, M. C. et al. (March 1996). "VIRTIS Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer for Rosetta Mission". Lunar and Planetary Science 27: 253. Bibcode:1996LPI....27..253C.
- ^ Kofman, W.; Herique, A.; Goutail, J.-P.; Hagfors, T.; Williams, I. P. et al. (February 2007). "The Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission (CONSERT): A Short Description of the Instrument and of the Commissioning Stages". Space Science Reviews 128 (1-4): 414–432. Bibcode:2007SSRv..128..413K. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9034-9.
- ^ Rosetta Orbiter Instruments: Radio Science Investigation (RSI). ESA
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- ^ Bussoletti, E.; Colangeli, L.; Lopez Moreno, J. J.; Epifani, E.; Mennella, V. et al. (January 1999). "The GIADA Experiment for Rosetta Mission to Comet 46P/Wirtanen: Design and Performances". Advances in Space Research 24 (9): 1139–1148. Bibcode:1999AdSpR..24.1139B. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(99)80207-5.
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- ^ Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz; Richter, Ingo; Diedrich, Andrea; Musmann, Günter; Auster, Uli et al. (February 2007). "RPC-MAG The Fluxgate Magnetometer in the ROSETTA Plasma Consortium". Space Science Reviews 128 (1-4): 649–670. Bibcode:2007SSRv..128..649G. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9114-x.
- ^ a b "Rosetta's Frequently Asked Questions". European Space Agency. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (21 May 2014). "Rosetta comet-chaser initiates 'big burn'". BBC News. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (29 January 2014). "ESA says Rosetta in good shape after 31-month snooze". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
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- ^ "Rosetta begins its 10-year journey to the origins of the Solar System". European Space Agency. 2 March 2004. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ Montagnon, Elsa; Ferri, Paolo (July 2006). "Rosetta on its way to the outer Solar System". Acta Astronautica 59 (1-5): 301–309. Bibcode:2006AcAau..59..301M. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.024.
- ^ Schwehm, Gerhard (4 July 2005). "Rosetta camera view of Tempel 1 brightness". European Space Agency. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ Auster, Ulrich (25 February 2007). "Rosetta lander measures Mars' magnetic environment around close approach". European Space Agency. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ Schwehm, Gerhard (25 February 2007). "Rosetta successfully swings-by Mars – next target: Earth". European Space Agency. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ "Encounter of a different kind: Rosetta observes asteroid at close quarters". European Space Agency. 6 September 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
- ^ "Last visit home for ESA's comet chaser". European Space Agency. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
- ^ Snodgrass, Colin; Tubiana, Cecilia; Vincent, Jean-Baptiste; Sierks, Holger; Hviid, Stubbe et al. (October 2010). "A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid P/2010 A2". Nature 467 (7317): 814–816. arXiv:1010.2883. Bibcode:2010Natur.467..814S. doi:10.1038/nature09453. PMID 20944742.
- ^ Chow, Denise (10 July 2010). "Mysterious Asteroid Unmasked By Space Probe Flyby". Space.com. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ "Rosetta comet probe enters hibernation in deep space". European Space Agency. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ^ Clery, Daniel (20 January 2014). "Rosetta Awakes and Prepares to Chase Comet". Science. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "ESA's 'sleeping beauty' wakes up from deep space hibernation". European Space Agency. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^ Scuka, Daniel (20 May 2014). "The Big Burns – Part 1". European Space Agency. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "The twofold comet: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko". Astronomy.com. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Temming, Maria (17 July 2014). "Rosetta's Comet has a Split Personality". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Scuka, Daniel (3 June 2014). "The Big Burns – Part 2". European Space Agency. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosetta (spacecraft).
- Rosetta website
- Rosetta operations site
- Rosetta image gallery
- Rosetta mission profile at NASA.gov
- Rosetta's orbital journey at YouTube.com


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If you attend one middle school game this season, go see this one.
Alcoa Middle's undefeated Tornadoes (6-0) travel across to town to battle rival Maryville Middle tonight at Maryville High's Shields Stadium at 7.
Both teams are loaded with the stars of tomorrow. The Tornadoes are fueled by the breakaway rushing attack of running backs Ezekiel Koko and Jarod Crenshaw. Both look as if they could play freshman ball at their respective high schools already.
Directing the Alcoa offense is quarterback Korey Bach, a cool-headed passer with plenty of targets. Kenny Dean, Mustafa Anthony and Brennan McMurray each big-play receiver. Up front, Alcoa has exceptional size.
The Bulldogs are an air show, complete with a tough-minded running game to keep teams honest. Quarterback Logan Winders is already mastering the spread, an offense Maryville coach Jay Malone installed this season to better ready his players for the scheme the high offers. Receiver T.J. Kimble is a rare, young athlete indeed. Fellow wideouts Landon Hawkins and Brian Coulter can go deep as well. Nic Woodrome handles much of the heavy lifting for Maryville out of the backfield.
The Bulldogs not only run the high school's offense, they have similar depth. Maryville Middle sports more than 70 players on this year's roster.


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From May 6, 2013 to November 3, 2013, the Saratoga Automobile Museum will focus on "BMW, the Ultimate Driving Machine." We'll present a seven-month major exhibition of significant BMW cars and motorcycles from the 1930s to the present. The Bavarian Motor Works began as a motorcycle producer, segued into automobiles, and remains one of the few marques you'll find competing successfully on both two and four wheels. (Know the other two? It's Honda, of course, and VW Group, who recently acquired Ducati.)
Historic BMWs on display will range from the sporty pre-War 328 roadster – one of the most successful competitors of its day - to the supremely elegant postwar 507, the winged CSL of the 1970s, noted BMW racecars and much more. BMW Classic is anticipated to provide cars from the BMW Museum in Munich and the BMWNA Collection.
The 2 wheeled BMW's are complements of the Nettesheim Museum in Huntington, NY. Ranging from the first R32, R62, an R12 and many more. You won't want to miss this exhibit.
BMW Automobiles on Display:
1935 315/1
1937 328 MM "Bugelfalte" Roadster
1938 328 Roadster
1957 507 Roadster
1957 Isetta 300
BMW 2002 tii
Andy Warhol M1 Art Car
M5 Supercar
Z1 Roadster
BMW Motorcycles on Display from the Nettesheim Museum
1925 R32 - Royal SM1 (w/sidecar)
1928 R63 – First 750 CC/ Sport
1929 R62 – First 750 CC/Touring Version
1931 R16 – Sport version of the R11
1934 R11 – Stamped Steel Frame/ touring
1941(Army Green)
1942 R12 – Unrestored original
1955 R25/3 – Single Cylinder
1969 R60 – Police Bike
1988 R100 RT – Touring
1990 K1 – Sport/Modern
BMWNA to supply a 2013 S1000RR HP4


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Are My Stored Files Really Safe in Cloud?
The cloud is a convenient place to save and store files, but you hesitate before downloading sensitive data. With online storage services, consumers can store data on the Internet in order to access it from different locations. The services are so like a virtual hard disk on the network. In general, there can be any type of data stored, so documents, spreadsheets, photos or music files. The data can either be managed online through the websites of the providers or through special programs that are installed on some computers.
Okay, now what about my privacy?
Apart from the privacy concerns, everything is relatively safe. Server operators are obliged to protect all data permanently. But server can fail or be hacked. In the worst case, the information is then stored away, or criminals use them for illegal purposes. CDs or external hard drives can also fail or stolen.
A big advantage is the possibility of data access from multiple locations and on the move. Users can also retrieve data usually with multiple devices such as desktop computers, laptops, Smartphone's or tablet computers.
The data is often compared with the existing program between devices, so the data is all up to date. Often, however, the use of the data offline without internet connection is possible. With online storage consumers can also make backup copies of their data. Also, data can be easily shared with other people.
How secure is the information?
Storage vendors repeatedly emphasize that the data of the users are safe that mean security against access by strangers with usernames and passwords. Depending on the provider, there is also encryption for free basic packages. Internet users should check next to it, whether providers secure in the Terms of the right to evaluate to stored data.
What disadvantages does the cloud?
Cloud services only work on devices with Internet access – at home and in the office, this is rarely a problem. Transit may already have. Smartphone's and surfsticks make the Internet while mobile test: Prices for Tablets and test: Data Rates for Smartphone. Larger amounts of data draw the volume of the booked flat rate but made quickly. Another drawback: the user has chosen a service, it is usually fixed. A "moving" to another provider is complicated. There is a lack of transmission standards between providers. Problems arise also when a cloud service provider goes bankrupt. Under certain circumstances, the user can get its data back hard disks or change the information, even the owner.
And what is the conclusion?
Cloud Services simplifies data backup and synchronization between devices. People who handle smaller amounts of data, can access many services for free. Be careful with sensitive information: Upload your CV and unlisted numbers not in the cloud.


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It was my boyfriends and my first time seeing these amazing musicians live. We drove for 3 1/2 hours across south Florida and Godsmack could not have made every minute more worth it. Before Megadeath came on stage the producer came on telling us that the singer had hurt his shoulder the show before but they were going to play anyways, gotta love the dedication to the music and fans! Since I...


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Ethan Allen Radius Collection
All from Radius Collection- wood finish is the lighter blonde finish- metal is nickel
Dining Room
-China Cabinet- blonde maple and glass 2500
-rectangular wood w extra leaves and 8 chairs- 3500
--chairs upholstered in black fabric with subtle navy streaks and various gold medallions
-sofa table- 1000
Living room
-glass and nickel hanker-chief end tables- 2 of them 399 each
-tv table- 250 each
-round coffee table glass and metal 1000
-rectangular coffee table blond wood glass- 1500
-end tables ...
Jul 29 -
Alameda - Everything else
Dining Room Set - Bordeaux Louis Phillipe Style
Hi Moms,
We are moving and can't take our beautiful dinning room set with us. Selling it more than half off!
I have the whole set: table with 2 leaves, 6 side chairs, 2 arm chairs, beautiful china cabinet, credenza, and the table pad. I always used the table pad so the table is in like-new condition.
I bought it at Macy's just a few years ago and they still carry the set. You can see pictures and more specifications here:
http://www1.macys.com/shop/product/bordeaux-louis-philippe-style-dining ...
Jul 15 -
Burlingame - Everything else
Dining table and china cabinet
Cherry wood dining room table that measures 5 1/2 feet long seats 6 normal and (7 feet long) seats 8 with extension. 6 chairs are straight back and 2 have arms. Most chairs have remained covered for entire use- 3 chairs do not have covers.
China cabinet that matches is 4 1/2 feet wide and almost 6 feet tall.
Price negotiable
Pick up in San Mateo
Jul 11 -
San Mateo - Everything else
ANTIQUE Wooden DROP LEAF Dining TABLE : 72" Full Length
ANTIQUE Wooden DROP LEAF Dining TABLE
72" Full Length : 42x26x29"
Gorgeous drop leaf table in very good surface condition. No scratches, stains, dents or chips. One of the drop leaf legs is missing. The other drop leaf leg has had a repair but is intact and secure.
$50 is a real bargain for this piece. I just don't have room to store it so it's got to go..
TOP: 42"x26"
TOP EXTENDED: 72"x26"
*$20 local delivery available in the Santa Rosa area upon request. Further location delivery ...
Jul 3 -
Santa Rosa - Everything else
Mid century modern furniture & artwork
Hendredon Bedroom Set
Thomasville Dining Room set
Wall Unit
Coffee tables
End Tables
Asian Screens / Oils / Tapestry
Fine Noritake China
Russian & Spanish Books & Records
Contact Vicky Smirnoff [email removed] or 415-378-4167
Jul 1 -
San Rafael - Everything else
48" Round Dining Room Table with 5 chairs
48" round dining room table with glass tabletop and 5 faux leather chairs. In good condition, chairs have some wear and tear. $400 Cash.
Pick up in Alamo, off Danville Blvd.
Call me at 925/212-0986 or email to see.
Jun 16 -
Alamo - Everything else
I'm selling several furniture pieces. Any party interested, please let me know. The following are:
• SIX Farm Style Dining Chairs (Brand New): These chairs still have the original manufacturer tags tied to them. They are beautiful chairs. Two/six chairs have skirts manufactured that way for the end of the table. You must pick them up if interested. Price is: $400 FIRM.
• TWO Bedroom End Tables (Brand New): These end tables have only been used for about one year. They are in perfect condition. ...
Jul 25 -
Sacramento :
Sacramento - Everything else
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


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Our goal is to find a solution for your individual situation and to reach the most positive outcome possible, and our practice areas include:
Why tackle your legal issues alone when we have a San Jose, CA, lawyer ready to hear your case here at the Law Offices of Vi Tran. Schedule with us now, and we'll aim to protect your rights and interests. We're available Monday - Friday, 9am - 6pm, but we also have flexible appointment availability during the weekend.


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BEAUMONT — Take a look back at the great music events which have occurred across Southeast Texas through the years. Here are some of the events from Jan. 17 through Jan. 23.
• Jan. 17, 2012 Canadian singer-songwriter and folk musician Gordon Lightfoot performed at the Julie Rogers Theatre in downtown Beaumont.
• Jan. 17, 1956 "The King of Rock n Roll," Elvis Presley, performed inside the Beaumont City Auditorium in support of his forthcoming (March 23, 1956), release, which featured classic hits such as "Blue Suede Shoes," "Money Honey," and others.
• Jan. 18, 2007 Bluegrass musical group and family Cherryholmes performed at the Miriam Lutcher Theater in Orange in support of its self-titled album which was released in September 2005. The disc peaked at number 74 on the Billboard country charts and number 3 on the Bluegrass charts.
• Jan. 19, 2011 Arizona punk rock outfit Authority Zero performed at The Gig in support of its June 2010 release, "Stories of Survival." Flatfoot 56 opened the show.
• Jan. 20, 2012 Christian rock band Skillet, touring in support of its March 2011 EP, "Awake and Remixed," performed at Ford Arena in Beaumont as part of the annual Hot Hearts Christian youth rally.
• Jan. 21, 2011 Rock and roll legend Jerry Lee Lewis brought his fiery piano skills to Nutty Jerry's in Winnie and dazzled the more 1,200 in attendance with classic hits such as "Great Balls of Fire," "Breathless," "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and more.
• Jan. 23, 2010 Orange, Texas-native, pianist and blues vocalist Marcia Ball performed at the Gulf Coast Music Hall of Fame concert at the Robert A. Bowers Civic Center in Port Arthur. She was also inducted into the Hall of Fame prior to her performance.


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Jim from bRight and Early is wearing black today: Elisha Cuthbert just got married.
While many in Hollywood have shunned white or a gown at all, Elisha Cuthbert bucked the trend and shone in a very traditional wedding dress as she married her long time love.
Channeling old Hollywood glamor in a stunning long sleeved full length gown Elisha beamed as tied the knot with hockey defenseman Dion Phaneuf in front of her family and friends in her native Canada.
After five years of dating the 30-year-old Happy Endings star and her 28-year-old Toronto Maple Leafs beau walked down the aisle of the white weatherboard St. James Church in Summerfield, Prince Edward Island.
I remember the day I found out Christina Hendricks got hitched. At least Jim can take comfort in the fact his internet girlfriend married a hockey player. Mine married the stoner dude from Super Troopers.


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Fan Confidence Poll: January 31st, 2011By
Season Record: 95-67 (859 RS, 693 RA, 98-64 Pythag. record), finished one game back in AL East, won Wild Card, lost in ALCS
Top stories from last week:
- The Yankees added a starting pitcher this week, signing Bartolo Colon to a minor league contract. It will pay him $900,000 in the big leagues, and Colon can elect to become a free agent if he doesn't make the team out of Spring Training. The Yanks also signed reliever Warner Madrigal to a minor league pact.
- Brian Cashman raised some hell with a few comments he made at WFAN's Breakfast With A Champion, but Hal Steinbrenner said he wants the GM to stick around after his contract expires. Cashman tended bar at Foley's later in the week for charity.
- Rumor has it there's a "very strong possibility" that Andy Pettitte will return and pitch in 2011. No definitive word yet, sadly.
- Keith Law dubbed Jesus Montero and Manny Banuelos two of the 12 best prospects in baseball, saying the Yankees' farm system was ninth best as a whole. MLB.com ranked Montero as the ninth best prospect overall.
- Best news of the week: David Cone will return to the YES booth in 2011.
Please take a second to answer the poll below and give us an idea of how confident you are in the team. You can view the Fan Confidence Graph anytime via the nav bar above, or by clicking here. Thanks in advance for voting.
28 Comments»
Another Monday, another 8.
With Duchsherer signing with the Orioles, I think Cashman must be pretty certain Pettite is coming back, otherwise I think he would have been the best of the remaining options for 5th starter. He certainly would be a better option than Bartolo Colon or Mitre.
There's no need for Cashman to ruch to sign another starter now. Having Mitre as the 5th starter in April and May and trading for someone during the season would be a better option than picking up someone that may not be any better than Mitre. Duchsherer's a fine pitcher, but I wouldn't be any more confident with him as the 5th starter in place of Mitre.
Really? When healthy, he's been significantly better. I'd rather have Duch with Mitre backing him up than just Mitre. Of course, I'd like having Pettitte with Mitre backing him up most of all, but it seems weird to me that the Yanks would start betting on that now, unless Duch has reason to believe that Pettitte will be back, and that they'd want to stick him in the pen in favor of Nova.
Justin Duscherer is not worth having any sort of argument about.
Totally disagree. With Duchsherer, you're rolling the dice about his health. He's been effective when he's pitched. With Mitre, you're pretty much guaranteed replacement level or lower production. I'd much rather take a chance on a high risk high reward type player at the back of the rotation than someone you know has almost nothing to offer. At least there is some upside with Duchsherer. All this however may be a moot point if Andy comes back since Nova would fit in fine as 5th starter.
We already have a Mark Prior and a Colon too. I suppose we could do what the Sox did last year and load it up…
assuming that´s a FO strategy ,off the top of your head name 5 quality SPers that are now rumored to be trade deadline candidates ?? Teams are going to want a ton of good prospects if the Yanks are desperate come mid -June 2011.
Once Cliff Lee came off the board, there weren't any quality SP available as FAs, and teams aren't going to demand less now than they would mid-season.
The only reason I would support this philosophy is if Duchscherer really can't stay healthy. Otherwise he's proven himself to be quite a good pitcher, and Mitre really has not done that. I don't think there is a question who would be more effective as a healthy 5th starter.
"with duchsherer signing with the orioles, I think cashman must be pretty certain Pettitte is coming back,"
To quite a great spaniard: "I don't think it means what you think it means."
What really changed? An 8 last week. An 8 this week. A 9 if you're running an all-you-can-eat Latin buffet in Tampa.
It probably be a one (not a nine) if you are running the buffet, because Colon and Madrigal could eat it out of business on day one.
I guess Coney sobered up
Or maybe his cell phone finally stopped ringing.
I have a feeling Andy will sign the weekend before pitchers and catchers report, around Feb 12.
You are right! Watch for Andy in the next ten days. Nothing else makes sense.
It is a nine for the future – More money than anyone else, a great farm system, fine core young players on the major league team = 9.
I totally agree. I am a 9 as well.
It's amusing and annoying that the MSM is having such a clusterf*** with the supposed "soap opera" in the Yankees' front office. It's what the state of journalism has come to: wild speculation and runor-mongering. Oh, don't I pine for the good old days of yellow journalism? At least the old tabloids made for fine fish-wrapping.
It was an 8, Coney makes it a 9.
Who votes a 1?
Do they collapse into tears when there's no more milk in the fridge too?
Bah, I voted an 8. TOUGH, DIFFICULT AND WELL THOUGHT OUT PREDICTION: The Yankees will have a winning record this year.
Take that to the bank and smoke it.
I think they're mostly trolls.
If anyone is legit voting a 1 I would be interested in hearing why.
I loved the piece last night about why we brought in KT. I really think Cash is working hard to keep a healthy farm in place while we have all these aging vets we'll eventually phase out. Kudos Cash, cause I think he's doing a great job of scouting and bringing in talent. But I'll not move above a 7 until I know how our rotation is filling out.
The Yankees are missing one piece (albeit it's importance looms large).
Add that piece in and this team is the second or third best in the majors.


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DALLAS -- QLogic Corp. unveiled several new high-end switches and host bus adapters (HBAs) at its Fusion 2006 worldwide partner conference in Dallas this week, receiving applause from around 400 or more channel partners.
By and large, QLogic's resellers are pleased that the company is filling in the gaps in its portfolio for high-end
"This is very heavy, technical stuff," said Werner Habicht, director of sales for Zeta Computer in Germany, referring to the new SANbox 6000 storage router and SANbox 8000 storage services platform. "It's not just components that we can just sell it and forget, the dream of every reseller, now we really have to explain to the customer why they need it, and it's way more complicated than what we've been selling before."
New products introduced at Fusion 2006 include the SANbox 5000 96-port stackable switch, SANbox 6000 Intelligent Storage Router, SANbox 8000 Storage Services Platform (from the Troika acquisition), SANbox 9000 multi-layer, multi-protocol switch and InfiniPath InfiniBand HBA (from the Pathscale acquisition).
"It's great to see them move into the core," said Edward Mann, senior storage architect with Vion Corp., a reseller focused on the federal government. "People don't want different core and edge switches." He said he believes QLogic has a perception issue in the marketplace to overcome as customers only associate the company with low-end switches. Vion recently tried to sell QLogic's 20-port, 4 Gbps Fibre Channel (FC) switch to a customer, but they weren't interested. Instead, Vion sold them the Cisco System Inc. MDS 9020, which is an OEM version of the exact same product from QLogic. "It has the Cisco logo on it and that made the customer feel good," Mann said.
To sell into large-scale deployments, Mann said he agrees that QLogic must staff up its training and support, and on the technical side support FICON. "That's very important to our users," he added.
Apple Corp. reseller ProMax Systems Inc. is "after all the help [it] can get" on the support side, according to president and CEO Daniel Hatch. ProMax sells QLogic switches alongside Apple equipment to the video industry to customers, including Disney, Warner Bros. and Fox Broadcasting Co. "We need high performance, whatever the latest speeds and feeds are, and we need 24/7 services and remote support," Hatch said.
QLogic's vice president of marketing, Frank Berry, notes that the company recently signed a global services and support agreement with Lucent Technologies (now owned by Alcatel). "If you send an email in French, you get a reply in French." He added that every major OEM is now selling QLogic switches, which will help with the perception issues in the market.
Product details
SANbox 8000 attaches to the SAN as an end node (N-Port), which enables it to remain SAN (and SAN vendor) independent, QLogic said.


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The Tribune-Democrat
PORTAGE — JOHNS – Clyde Edgar, 69, Portage, passed away Feb. 2, 2013, at home. Born June 28, 1943, in South Fork, son of Herbert and Thelma (Peck) Johns. Preceded in death by parents; son, William Howard Johns; and brother, Harold B. Johns. Survived by loving wife of 49 years, Judy (Salkeld) Johns, whom he married on March 11, 1963; and children, Linda S. Johns, Huntingdon; Donald R. Johns, Portage; and Karen M. Johns, Glen Burnie, Md. Also survived by grandchildren, Ashley Greenlee, Brian Johns, Chelsea Greenlee, Jessica Johns, Brittney Johns and Elijah Johns, all of Glen Burnie, Md. Brother of Helen Townsend, Delores Toth, Richard Johns and Terry Johns. Clyde was an avid coin collector. He enjoyed horse races, playing the lottery and drag car races. He was an avid Pittsburgh Steelers fan. He was a devoted husband, father and grandfather, and most importantly, he loved spending time with his family. Family will receive friends from 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 p.m. Tuesday at Matthew R. Decort Funeral Home & Cremation Services Inc., Portage, where funeral service will be held at 8 p.m. Tuesday. Committal will be private to the family. Online condolences may be made at www.decortfh.com.


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Our commitment to your job starts when we sign the contract and doesn't end until after your job is completed, often months after the last payment is made and the job is up and running. Simply put, we concentrate on maintaining construction crews led by experienced personnel well versed in a variety of cost-effective solutions to your underground utility needs. Our market is your market: Industrial/Commercial or Multi-Unit residential. We have the quality and quantity of personnel, machinery, and equipment to get your job done safely and with efficient, cost-effective dispatch: Pipeline Work, Joint Trenching, Directional Drilling, Pipe Ramming and Telecommunications.
We have been pioneers in directional drilling --magazine and newspaper articles have referred to us as "trenchless technology experts" -- in Southern California. But the greatest endorsement we have achieved, and the one we look to achieve on each job we do, is the acknowledgment that we will get from you when your job is successfully completed on time, in budget, and to your satisfaction.


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(Public art commission; Madrid, Spain; 2005-2006; collaboration with Maki Portilla-Kawamura + Tadanori Yamaguchi)
Madid Abierto is a public art programme. When we received this commission our first question was: What is public art, actually? In our view it is the kind of practice that "generates" public space, space of interaction, regardless of whether that happens in an open space or in a private environment.
Colón was the first communicator between the Old and the New world. We believe that Plaza de Colón in central Madrid should maintain the communicative character we attribute to the person it is named after. Now, more than five centuries after that first contact, we suggest using this agora to highlight the contemporary state of relationships between Europe and Latin America.
The entangled social melting pot of Madrid contains new emerging communities, consisting chiefly of immigrants from Latin American. In our communication society, call centres perform a catalytic function for the recently arrived communities. They are the physical vortices of an indefinite but dense mesh of local relationships, and also a medium of global relationships.
The proposal consisted of a free call centre to Latin America located in Plaza de Colón during February 2006 under the public art programme Madrid Abierto. This project seeked to explore collateral aspects to the the call centre itself: how news of its existence spread, how its use is organized, parallel activities that sprung up around it, the nocturnal opening hours it had, and so on... A summary book of the project was published by Fundación Telefónicain January 2007.


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Just days after Kanye West was caught being nice to a paparazzo, he's been slapped with a lawsuit by a photographer whom he wasn't so nice to.
At a news conference today (Wednesday) with lawyer Gloria Allred, photographer Daniel Ramos claims he spent two weeks on crutches after he was allegedly attacked by the rapper at LAX last month. Ramos says he's been walking with a cane for some time and that he's still in pain.
He's suing for assault, battery, and interference with his civil rights, namely free speech. Ramos didn't say how much he wants.


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Start taking courses that will enhance your writing skills, your reading comprehension, and your analytical skills. Also, develop your logical reasoning ability and increase your awareness of human institutions, social values, and the world at large. Test your aptitudes and interests. Don't overload; balance your schedule.
Try to obtain law-related experience. Develop a realistic view of legal careers.
Investigate various options in the legal profession.
Talk with Pre-Professional counselors regarding course planning and puposes of a liberal arts education.
Register early with the Credentials Service of CP&P.
Start collecting letters of recommendation.
Register and take the LSAT (Law School Admissions Test) at the end of your junior year.
Note: The LSAT is offered in the spring, early fall, late fall, and mid-winter.
Register and submit the LSDAS (Law School Data Assembly Service) forms. All U.S. law schools require the LSDAS.
Write to law schools for applications and admission information during the summer following your junior year. You must contact each law school directly.
Upon receipt of your LSAT score, review your selection of law schools.
Check to be sure that your credentials file (containing letters of recommendation) is complete.
Plan for alternatives.
Take the LSAT in the fall if you did not take it in the previous spring. Take the early fall LSAT, if possible.
Complete and submit all law school applications in the fall.
Expect to hear admission decisions any time from late fall through the spring. Patience and tolerance for ambiquity helps at this stage.
If rejected, don't panic. Decide on a course of action. Talk to law school admission officers and pre-professional counselors.
If accepted, celebrate! Investigate financial aid, housing, etc., if you have not already done so. Don't forget to finish your last term in college, even though you have been accepted to law school.


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CHAPEL HILL — For the longest time, Roy Williams felt confident that he had done enough to convince Cody Zeller to follow his older brother, Tyler, to North Carolina.
We recruited him like crazy, Williams, the Tar Heels coach, said of the younger Zeller.
When it came time in November 2010 for Zeller to make his college decision, Williams and his staff at UNC felt good about it. Undoubtedly, so did the coaches at Butler and Indiana, too.
The day Zeller prepared to announce his choice, Williams didnt know what it would be. Thats rare.
We didnt know until the last day that we werent going to get him, he said. And most of the time I know it a heck of a lot earlier than that.
Zeller, from Washington, Ind., could have gone to UNC and joined a roster that already included his older brother and the likes of Harrison Barnes, John Henson and Kendall Marshall. Instead, he went to Indiana and has helped restore that program as the national power it once was.
As Williams repeated often during a meeting with media members on Monday, Indiana doesnt lack for talent. Five of its players have averaged double figures in scoring. Zeller, though, is the primary reason why the top-ranked Hoosiers enter their game tonight against No. 12 UNC as the early-season favorite to win the national championship.
Hes also the primary reason why after a prolonged stretch of futility, Indiana has again become a feared team one whose future just might be as good as the programs rich past. After Indiana won 28 games combined in coach Tom Creans first three seasons, Zeller last season helped lead the Hoosiers to 27 victories their most since 1993.
More important, he restored credibility to a program that seemed to have lost it.
Dan Dakich, a former Indiana player and coach who is now a college basketball analyst for ESPN, supported Crean through those first three losing seasons. Though the Hoosiers record didnt reflect it, Crean improved the program in a lot of different areas, Dakich said.
Then Crean convinced Zeller to spend his college years in Bloomington, and to play under the championship banners and amid the intense public scrutiny at Indianas Assembly Hall. Zellers decision changed the landscape of college basketball.
Cody made it all right to go to Indiana, said Dakich, who also hosts a radio show in Indianapolis. Like, he made it cool to go to Indiana. So (point guard) Yogi Ferrell then comes. And then a bunch of younger kids now are committed there.
Truthfully this is going to sound bad he would have been another really good player at North Carolina. But the timing of it for Indiana, he became like a savior.
Zeller scored 16 points during his first collegiate game, averaged 15.6 during his freshman season and entered this season as the overwhelming favorite to win national player of the year honors. He did all those things while restoring dignity to a program that, before his arrival, was still reeling from the scandal-ridden end of Kelvin Sampsons coaching tenure.
While Williams coaches tonight, it might be difficult for him not to think what could have been. Had he gone to UNC, Zeller could have created a formidable frontcourt duo with James Michael McAdoo, the sophomore forward whos sure tonight to play a role both defending against Zeller and matching his offensive output.
At UNC, Zeller could have also filled the interior void left by the departure of his brother and Henson. The Zeller brothers share similar frames and similar games, though Williams said Cody Zeller might be more versatile.
Hes a remarkable player, Williams said. Hes got (Tylers) size but does some more things out on the court, probably, than Tyler does, or did, for us. And maybe a little more flexibility to his game.
Zeller, though, is but one of several Indiana players that concern Williams. He warned on Monday of placing too much of a defensive emphasis on Zeller, and Williams insisted that the Heels couldnt put four guys on Cody.
Six games into the season, Zeller leads Indiana in points, minutes played, blocked shots and is second in rebounds. But four others Jordan Hulls, Christian Watford, Victor Oladipo and Will Sheehey are scoring in double figures, too.
So Im not going to put five guys on Cody, said Williams, who rejected the thought that UNC might even double-team Zeller. But he is an emphasis and he would have to be the main emphasis, but were not designing a defense for him. Im not going up there trying to stop Cody Zeller. Im trying to go up there to beat Indiana.
To have any hope of that, the Tar Heels likely will need to play with more toughness both physical and mental than they did last week in the Maui Invitational, where they finished in third place. Williams chided his teams toughness on Monday, and over the weekend he put the Heels through a pair of grueling practices.
Dexter Strickland, UNCs senior guard, winced on Monday at the thought of those workouts.
We ran so much yesterday, said Strickland, who described a post-practice running session that involved sprinting up and down the court three times in less than 33 seconds. But I look at it as not punishment, but something to make us better.
The Heels traveled to Hawaii last week hoping to learn something about themselves. They did, Williams said, though not all of it was good.
Now comes another opportunity on the road, against perhaps both the best player and the best team in the nation.
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Meet the blogger
Jeff Alexander
My life, in 60 seconds
I grew up in suburban Los Angeles. Moved to Michigan to play college hockey. What? Seriously. Hockey didn't work out. Settled on journalism. Met girl of my dreams (now wife) while in college. Encountered the wondrous Great Lakes. Never returned to California. Blessed with three wonderful children. Worked as a reporter and editor for 25 years at several Michigan newspapers. Wrote two books. Left the newspaper industry in 2009. Started my own writing and media consulting business (J. Alexander Communications). Now a contract writer for hire. I enjoy kayaking, hiking, reading, watching pro hockey and college football, traveling, exploring the Great Lakes and occasionally trying to rise above the rank of world's worst angler. And I blog about the Great Lakes because these freshwater seas are, in a word, incredible. Thanks for visiting!
Twitter Updates
- Flash Point: Foggy evening at Miners Beach Falls greatlakesecho.org/2014/07/17/fla… via @GreatLakesEcho 1 week ago
- RT @americanrivers: A little river beauty to start your Friday! The stunning Upper Green River in Wyoming. Have you been there? http://t.co… 1 week ago
- Michigan's upcoming winter may not be saved by El Nino; #Polarvortex could dominate again mlive.com/weather/index.… http://t.co/AggEJtdp8F 2 weeks ago
- RIP Peter Wege. He was a great and generous man who made the world a better place. bit.ly/1n3zq0J #GreatLakes 3 weeks ago
- RT @PureMichigan: Cool video! RT @VisitDetroit: @OSK_germany's time-lapse video that reinforces the #DetroitComeback rgn.bz/NX41… 2 months ago
Recent Posts
- Baby, it's cold outside … and winter is far from over
- Key decision protects Au Sable River as new report highlights emerging threats to one of Michigan's greatest rivers
- Christmas comes early for the Great Lakes
- 2013 Lake Erie toxic algae bloom worse than predicted
- D-Day for the Great Lakes: Asian carp are breeding in the basin
Great Links
Blogs I Follow
Category Archives: Great Lakes
Baby, it's cold outside … and winter is far from over
We're just one month into winter (according to the calendar) and Mother Nature has already produced conditions that test even the heartiest of Midwesterners. Here in West Michigan, we've had 66 inches of snow so far, wind chill readings … Continue reading
2013 Lake Erie toxic algae bloom worse than predicted
A toxic algae bloom that covered part of Lake Erie this past summer — and forced the unprecedented shutdown of a municipal water treatment system — was worse than scientists had predicted, according to a new study. The 2013 algae bloom … Continue reading
D-Day for the Great Lakes: Asian carp are breeding in the basin
The day that Great Lakes lovers have been fearing for more than a decade has arrived: A breeding population of Asian carp has been found in the Great Lakes basin. As a result, I've adjusted the time on my Asian Carp … Continue reading
For Halloween: Creepy video of Great Lakes vampires
If you're looking for something truly creepy before Halloween, check out these videos of blood-sucking sea lamprey clinging to humans and fish. The videos were provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, which goes to great lengths to keep sea … Continue reading
Four nuclear power plants on the Great Lakes rank among the nation's worst for high level safety violations
A new government report on safety violations at nuclear power plants shows that four of the nation's worst facilities (in terms of higher level violations) are located on the shores of the Great Lakes. The report by the General Accounting … Continue reading
The Great Lakes are in peril … again
I am about to report some distressing news about the Great Lakes, so I want to preface my comments with some counterbalancing information about the wondrous lakes we call Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario. The Great Lakes are indescribably … Continue reading
Illinois governor takes bold stance on Asian carp crisis
Illinois Gov. Pat Quinn's recent comment that separating Lake Michigan from the Mississippi River basin is the "ultimate solution" to keeping Asian carp out of the Great Lakes could be a game-changer. Quinn made his comments at the Council of Great Lakes … Continue reading
Growing concern about Great Lakes nuclear hot spots
Two recent news items should give pause to anyone who loves the Great Lakes and the 30 million people who rely on the lakes for drinking water. Great Lakes United and the International Institute of Concern for Public Health released … Continue reading
Taking stock of the Great Lakes on Earth Day 2013
In honor of Earth Day, I thought it appropriate to explore the current state of the Great Lakes — the good, bad and ugly. The lakes today are far healthier than in 1972, when Congress passed the federal Clean Water Act. … Continue reading
Asian Carp Doomsday Clock nears midnight after study suggests some of the invaders are in the Great Lakes
Some Asian carp are likely living in southern Lake Michigan and western Lake Erie, according to scientists at the University of Notre Dame. Researchers recently announced that they found more Asian carp DNA in western Lake Erie and southern Lake Michigan. The … Continue reading


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30. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioM3N70R Oct 24, 2011 4:54 AM in response to magnum6
Same issue here also ! (4s on Fido network in Canada)...
I fix it when I press the speaker button on/off.... I'll just wait for aple to fix it.
I do not want me either to receive a reconditioned iphone...
31. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioBoogieman77 Oct 24, 2011 12:35 PM in response to magnum6
I can almost garentee that it will happen at least 3 outta 5 times with siri on or even more. Now I can turn siri off and it might happen 1-3 times a day. It gets old fast. Now APPLE notice this and fix!!!!!
32. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioDavid Guidos Oct 24, 2011 2:19 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
Same problem here. I just wanted to add my post so the number of replies to this issue gets big enough for Apple to take notice. I spent an hour on the line with AT&T Tech Support today during which time the audio failed several times. They told me to return the phone for exchange, but I agree with everyone that it seems to be a software issue, so I'll probably just wait for the fix. The new phone would likely behave the same way. At least toggling the speaker on and off always works to fix it for the current call, so I have a workaround until Apple fixes the problem, which I hope is soon.
33. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audiofeefeeT Oct 24, 2011 2:41 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
I am also having the same issue in Australia on the Telstra network with the new iphone 4S. If I make a call, no audio. The person I called can hear me but I can't hear them. As a work around I have also pushed the loud speaker button then went back to the earpiece and it works. If i hang up and try to call again, sometimes I get audio but not all the time. I have not used Siri recently just made calls to friends. The dilema is whether to take the phone back to Telstra and get another one or wait to see if the issue is fixed. I don't think I had this issue on the old 3gS
34. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audiocarmenfromsandiego Oct 24, 2011 3:06 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
Issue: Mic and Speaker not working sometimes 2 out of 10 times.
Phone Carrier: AT&T
Siri on but Raise to Speaker off
It seems to happen more when working with iphone headphones.
35. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audiopmf9535 Oct 24, 2011 3:32 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
Rogers iPhone 4s 16GB in Vancouver.
Same problems as everyone else. For outgoing calls either: (1) I don't hear ringing, all I can hear is an echoey sound through the phone's ear piece. When I pull the phone away, I see that the call timer has started indicating that call has gone through and picked up on the other end. As soon as I hit the Speaker button I can hear the call on speakerphone and if I hit the speaker button again, I can hold the phone up to my ear and hear through the earpiece (2) second scenario is that for outgoing calls I can hear everything (ringing, the person picking up on the other end, etc.) but they cannot hear me. Same speakerphone trick works to resolve this issue. Seems to me that the phone thinks that there is some other source to send sound through (like when headphones are plugged in) and this is blocking the earpiece and receiver (mic) from working. Hopefully just a simple software issue. Pretty annoying though.
36. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioPJMED Oct 24, 2011 7:54 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
I am having the same problem with my black iphone 4s. I have been thinking of having it replaced but I personally feel this is most likely a software problem. But it is definitely VERY anoying. I have had this happen to me 3 to 5 times in a row trying to reach someone. I would say that overall 2 out of 5 calls I make stays in a "Limbo" state where I don't hear the phone ringing and I don't hear anyone when the timer starts counting. I haven't tried disabling Siri but as of NOW it is disabled so I will see if that helps tomorow. I don't use headphones or bluetooth so that is not the problem. I will post if disabling Siri improoves anything.
37. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioDMEA Oct 24, 2011 10:11 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
Exact same problem here with the white 16gb 4s from Telus. It seems to me that most of the complaints come from people with 16gb. Rarely do I see complaints on these forums from the 32gb or 64gb.
Regardless, I'm ready to take the phone back but my husband thinks it's just a softwear problem so I have to be patient. How long will Apple take though? It's very frustrating to get the "latest and greatest" mobile out there, then have to jimmy around with the speaker button to make a call.
38. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioaugusto259 Oct 24, 2011 10:46 PM in response to DMEA
I bought two iphone 4s' and both 64GB (one white and one black). The one white has the same problem as described in this forum. So far the black one is doing ok and I haven't used the headset and tried connecting it to my computer using iTunes on windows 7 PC. The white one will work sometimes by plugging and uplugging the headset.
39. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audiodpickard Oct 25, 2011 7:41 AM in response to TheAmdMAN
I have also had this issue. I have only had it about 5 times since I got my phone on the 14th, couldn't get activated until the 15th. I will make an outgoing call and notice its not even ringing. All but one time I was able to toggle the speaker on then back off to be able to hear the conversation. I do hope this is a software issue that will be patched soon.
40. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audio1990reds Oct 25, 2011 8:20 AM in response to TheAmdMAN
Well, I'm on my 3rd 16gb 4s and this one is working. No problems connecting and I can hear everyone fine now -- never have to switch to speaker. If I hold the mic too close to my mouth, there is an echo at times, but otherwise the problem is gone. The first 2 phones I had the issue was almost constant. Happened on over 60% of the calls I made.
Hopefully it can be fixed with a patch, but at this point, Apple hasn't even acknowledged that it's a known issue (at least not to me).
I tried talking to them on the phone, but the only way to accomplish anything was to go to the Apple Store and exchange it for a different phone.
41. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioAppleFanFromTexas Oct 25, 2011 11:29 AM in response to TheAmdMAN
I am having the same issue with Black AT&T 4S 64GB. I am on my second phone with the same issue.
42. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioDMEA Oct 25, 2011 1:26 PM in response to DMEA
So I talked to Apple twice today and neither of the reps I spoke with admitted to ever hearing of this problem. They were both of the opinion that something like this would be a hardware problem, since if it was a software issue then everyone using iOS5 would be having issues, and there are more then just the 4s's using this new software. She gave me the option of sending my phone in and they'd courier me a new one, but before I do that I'm going to head down to the store I got my phone from and they'll give me a new one. Crossing my fingers that the new phone won't have these issues.
43. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioletisia Oct 25, 2011 1:56 PM in response to DieselD
DieselID ,
I am having obviously the same issue but i read that you said it fixed itself with a hard reset. How do I perform a hard rest on my phone?
44. Re: iPhone 4S - Outgoing call no audioAppleFanFromTexas Oct 25, 2011 2:44 PM in response to TheAmdMAN
I just got off the phone with AT&T, and they said they are getting a large volume of calls on this topic. He said they are aware of the issue with the 4S. He said they think it is due to all the activations in a short time. Doesn't sound right to me, but I am trying it. They said they are resolving some of the issues by re-establishing the connection and re-registering the phone. They reset both of our phones and are calling back in three days to see if it worked.


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On Saturday, I had the pleasure of attending the camellia show at The Huntington's 39th annual Camellia Show, held in Friend's Hall and sponsored by the Southern California Camellia Society. The purpose of the Society, according to its Web site, is "to promote the appreciation of camellias and knowledge of camellia culture techniques." Through a variety of programs, meetings and shows like the one at , the Society provides a welcoming community for dedicated enthusiasts as well as the interested novice.
The Huntington show included a camellia sale, a competition and expert demonstrations of pruning, grafting and other camellia-growing techniques.
The competition took place prior to the show's opening at 1 p.m. on Saturday. Society members judged camellias in 28 different categories and then artfully arranged the winning flowers on tables at the center of the room for all to admire. One of the judges, Jo Ann Brewer of Claremont, CA., told me that The Huntington Show is one of the favorites of its kind in the area. However, she added that the public doesn't always know about the competition aspect of the show (non-members are welcome to participate).
I asked Brewer about the criteria used to judge the camellias. She said that judges look for four things: size, form, color and condition. The first three items, she said, are a part of the flower's "nomenclature"—a term that denotes how the flower is supposed to look by nature. The condition of a flower can be affected by weather, environment, care and other factors that have nothing to do with the flower's genetics.
Brewer then introduced me to another member and judge, Marilee Gray, who has been involved with the Society for 40 years and who loves camellias for the fact that "they're blooming… in the winter when everything else tends to be asleep." Gray very graciously took me on a little tour of the winners' table. She pointed out some flowers that were beautifully pink, but streaked and spotted with white. These were "variegated" camellias, the white being evidence of a genetic mutation.
Gray paused at a small, delicately pink flower and told me that it had been discovered by a former curator of the camellias at The Huntington, Rudy Moore, who named it after his son—Little Michael. Another variety, Herme, "we know is over 2,000 years old," she said.
A particularly favored camellia is called Frank Houser. "Frank Houser is one of the best flowers to come out in decades," Gray said, citing the variety's good color and the fact that the plant grows well as reasons for its popularity.
I also spoke with Brad King, who was president of the Society for 11 years and is now the president of the Society Council. King is a retired USC professor who, like Gray, appreciates camellias because they are "one of the few winter-blooming flowers." He also gave me a crash course in what is called "gibbing"—adding a plant hormone called gibberellic acid to the plant to make larger, more colorful blooms. These "treated" flowers compete in their own category to ensure fair play.
As I was talking to King, a woman approached to ask him if there was a society in San Diego. I was surprised—had she driven that far just to attend the camellia show? Turned out the answer was yes. Jackie Palmer grew up in Temple City and told me that as a girl she would get involved in the city's camellia parade in February. She and her niece-in-law Denise Williams of Duarte, who was with her, are both devoted members of The Huntington and were clearly enjoying the show.
After wandering around inside Friend's Hall for a while, I decided to take my newfound knowledge out into the gardens and see if I could identify any of the camellias growing on the estate. The Huntington's collection includes nearly 80 different species and around 1,200 varieties. January and February mark the best time of year to see them as they burst into vibrant displays of color in the North Vista, Japanese Garden and Chinese Garden.
I strolled over to the camellia garden just adjacent to the iconic Sculpture Garden. The first tree that I came to had large pink blossoms all over it. "Frank Houser," I thought. Then I looked at the identification sign at the base of the tree trunk: "Bernadatte Karsten." Sigh—I guess I still have a lot to learn.
On the other hand, as King pointed out: "You don't have to know anything to know that they're pretty."
Take advantage of the beautiful weather to get out and enjoy the gorgeous camellias at The Huntington. For information call (626) 405-2100 or visit www.huntington.org. To learn more about the camellia collection in particular, check out The Huntington Blog.