An image evaluation chart and a method for testing performances of the video equipment using the same. The image evaluation chart includes a resolution inspection area. The resolution inspection area includes a center point located at a center part of the chart, a regular-squared outer line located at outside of the center point, and a plurality of resolution measurement lines symmetrically arranged at right and left sections and upper and lower sections on the basis of the center point. Therefore, the image evaluation chart accurately and efficiently tests all performances, for example, resolution, balance, view angle, distortion, and focus, etc., of video equipment such as a camera by means of one-shot image capture, and provides users with reliable test data.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image evaluation chart, and more particularly to an image evaluation chart for efficiently testing all performances, for example, resolution, balance, view angle, distortion, and focus, etc., of video equipment such as a camera by means of one-shot image capture, and a method for testing performances of the video equipment using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Presently, an inspector visually tests performances of video equipment such as a camera. In more detail, the inspector separately tests individual electronic components such as a lens and a sensor, and checks operations of a complete product with his or her naked eye.
For the convenience of description and better understanding, an example of a conventional image evaluation chart is shown in FIG. 1, and a method for testing performance of video equipment using the conventional image evaluation chart is shown in FIG. 2.
The conventional method for testing performance of video equipment such as a camera will hereinafter be described with reference to FIGS. 1˜2. A chart 5 is inserted between a projector 1 and a lens 3, and light from the projector 1 is projected on a wall 2 spaced apart from the lens 3 by a predetermined distance.
The light projected by the projector 1 is focused on a wall via the chart 5 and lens 3, such that a prescribed shape of the chart 5 is shown on the wall 2.
The prescribed shape of the conventional chart 5 is classified into a center display area A, eight first display areas B circularly surrounding the center display area A while being spaced apart from the center display area A by a predetermined distance, eight second display areas C circularly surrounding the first display areas B while being spaced apart from the first display areas B by a predetermined distance, and four third display areas D circularly surrounding the second display areas C while being spaced apart from the second display areas C by a predetermined distance.
Each display area includes eight inspection areas P denoted by "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", and "h" in FIG. 1 showing a partially enlarged view of one display area. The inspection area "a" is the largest one of the eight inspection areas P, and the inspection area "h" is the smallest one of the eight inspection areas P. That is, the inspection area is gradually reduced in alphabetical order from a to h. An image resolution can be tested using the eight inspection areas.
If the above-identified shape of the chart 5 is focused on the wall 2 after passing through the lens 3 by means of the projector 1, the inspector recognizes a resolution of the lens 3 by visually checking the an image displayed on the wall 2. Provided that all the inspection areas "a" to "h" are visually recognized by the inspector's naked eye, it is determined that the image focused on the wall has a high resolution. Provided that a plurality of inspection areas from "a" to either "d" or "e" are visually recognized by the inspector's naked eye, it is determined that the image focused on the wall has a medium resolution. Provided that any one of either the inspection area "g" or the inspection area "h" cannot be visually recognized by the inspector's naked eye, it is determined that the image focused on the wall has a low resolution.
As stated above, the inspector has visually recognized the resolution of the lens while viewing the image focused on the wall with his or her naked eye.
However, the aforementioned performance test method has a disadvantage in that the inspector cannot acquire a correct performance value when visually checking the resolution of video equipment. In more detail, because individual inspectors take a subjective view of accuracy of a focus, it is impossible for each inspector to acquire a correct performance value such that resultant data is unreliable.
Further, the aforementioned performance test method allows individual electronic components, for example, a lens and a sensor, etc., to be tested separately from each other, resulting in a delayed test speed and deteriorated working efficiency.

Image evaluation chart and performance test method using the same


An organic light-emitting display apparatus including a substrate; an insulating layer disposed on the substrate; a first pixel electrode disposed on the insulating layer and including a reflecting layer; a pixel defining layer disposed around one end of the first pixel electrode and extending away from the first pixel electrode; a first intermediate layer disposed on the first pixel electrode and including an organic emission layer; an opposite electrode disposed on the first intermediate layer and the pixel defining layer and including a reflecting layer; and a first refractive layer disposed between the insulating layer and the pixel defining layer and having a refractivity greater than that of the insulating layer and the pixel defining layer. A first end of the first refractive layer is disposed to contact the first intermediate layer, and a second end of the refractive layer is disposed to face a portion of the opposite electrode.

1. Field
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic light-emitting display apparatus.
2. Discussion of the Background
An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes an organic light-emitting device including a hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode, and an organic emission layer disposed between the hole injection electrode and the electron injection electrode. The organic light-emitting display apparatus is a self-emissive display apparatus in which holes and electrons injected from the hole injection electrode and the electron injection electrode, respectively, are combined in the organic emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.
Because the organic-light emitting display apparatus, which is a self-emissive display apparatus, does not require a separate light source, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be driven by a low voltage, and manufactured to be lightweight and thin. In addition, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may have high quality characteristics, such as a wide viewing angle, high contrast, and a fast response speed. Therefore, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be applicable in areas extending from a personal mobile device, such as an MP3 player or a cell phone, to a television.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Organic light-emitting display apparatus


Provided is a personalized program providing method and system. The personalized program providing system may provide a view restriction, a personalized advertisement, or a personalized program guide using a set-top box including a fingerprint scanner. The personalized program providing system includes a set-top box to scan a fingerprint using a fingerprint scanner to identify identification information associated with a user and to transmit the identified identification information to an Internet TV service providing server, an Internet TV service providing server to transmit a personalized program guide corresponding to the transmitted identification information to the set-top box, and an Internet TV set to provide the transmitted personalized program guide.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an Internet TV set providing a personalized program guide, a personalized advertisement, personal information, and personal identification.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional Internet TV system, for example, an Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) system, may broadcast a maximum of several hundred broadcast channels, and thus, each Internet TV service provider, for example, an IPTV service provider (IPTV SP) may provide several dozen channels. Accordingly, a user may waste time to find a desired channel Also, the Internet TV service provider may not accurately identify a receiver, and thus, may not appropriately provide, to the user, personalized advertisement and a personalized program guide, for example, a personalized electronic program guide (EPG).
Therefore, the Internet TV service provider may desire a method that may easily identify an individual to provide an improved service by providing a service based on the individual. A fingerprint identifying method, a data processing method, an EPG configuring method, and the like may be included in a related art of a method of providing a personalized service.

IPTV access control, personalized advertisement, personalized electronic program guide providing method and system using fingerprint scanner equipped set-top box

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A particle detecting device is provided. The particle detecting device includes a resonator and a piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric actuator is used to transport a gas into the resonator, and a mass and a concentration of the screened and required-diameter particles are detected through the resonator. Thus, the air quality can be monitored immediately anytime and anywhere.

Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the air quality in the environment. Various of gases and substances, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOC), Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), nitric oxide, sulfur monoxide, and so on, exposure in the ambient environment will cause human health problems or even is harmful to the life. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the air quality in the environment in every country, and how to monitor and keep away from the harmful air quality become a currently concerned issue.
Generally, it is feasible to use a particle detecting device to monitor the air quality in the environment. If the particle detecting device is capable of providing people with the monitored information relating to the environment immediately for warning, it may help people to escape or prevent from the injuries and influence on human health caused by the exposure to the gases and substances described above in the ambient environment. In other words, the particle detecting device is suitable for monitoring the air in the ambient environment may be a portable miniature device easy to carry, and can monitor the air quality immediately everywhere and anytime, which are main subjects of research and development in the present disclosure.


A navigation system and a method therefor arranged to be mainly adapted to a driver but the same is as well as adapted to a pedestrian as a portable type according to an embodiment in which devices such as a distance sensor and an azimuth sensor are not used. When information about the passage through which a moving object is moving at this very moment, such as a signal transmitted from a transmitter disposed in each passage, electric waves emitted from an orbit satellite, results of detections made by the distance sensor and the azimuth sensor or information supplied by a user, is supplied, an estimation of a result of a travel through the passage while performing no right or left turn, and an estimation of a result of a travel through a lane the way of which is particularly determined previously are respectively indicated as a travelling line. When a target is set, both the target and the travelling line are indicated on the screen of a display device. Simultaneously, the passage at which the target confronts and a passage which constitutes a proper and correct course from a main passage to the target are indicated. Data about the passage is retrieved by means of codes given such that a group code and a common code are given to each link.

A conventional navigation system having a storage device, a processing device, an input device, a display device, sensors and the like and a navigation method to be executed in the system may be classified into the following two types on the basis of the contents displayed on the display device as driving information provided for a user.
One of the two types is a map display system which is arranged in such a manner that a map is displayed on the screen of the display device and a travelling locus, a present position, a moving direction, a target, a target direction, an instructed course or the like are indicated in the map. Another one is an arrow display system which is arranged in such a manner that no map is displayed but arrows respectively showing the target direction and the course instruction at each intersection are indicated.
The map display system and the arrow display system respectively have encountered the following problems:
According to the map display system, a driver must look at the displayed map while driving a vehicle. Therefore, the driver must pay attention to many factors and thereby the driver will be exhausted, causing a load to be applied to the driver. Furthermore, a risk will arise as the case may be. Therefore, in the conventional map display system, the display device has been disposed in a lower position so that the driver cannot look at it during driving, or only main roads are indicated during driving. However, these devices could not satisfactorily overcome the problems and thereby a risk in terms of traffic safety remains. Because of the risk, the European countries have denied the map display system and therefore they have not employed the map display system.
The arrow display system encounters the following two typical problems: In a case where the target direction is shown by an arrow as one of the display modes of the display device, the driver psychologically tends to perform earlier turns to the right or left in accordance with the shown arrow, causing a problem to arise, for example, the vehicle strays in a residential area. Furthermore, in a case where the course is instructed at an intersection as another display mode, timing at which traffic information collected in real time is indicated and acceptability for the drivers, which becomes a serious problem for the aged and female drivers, remain as unsolved problems, because there is a course instruction as the assumption.
According to a basic system design concept used for developing the conventional navigation system, the most important factor for the navigation system lies in that the present position of the user's vehicle, which is moving, is accurately recognized in a map (road map) which has been previously prepared. This system design concept is similarly applied to both the map display system and the arrow display system.
However, the conventional navigation system developed in accordance with the basic system design concept has been restricted by the system design concept and thereby it is of no practical use at present.
That is, since the vehicle such as an automobile moves at considerably high speed, it is not so practical for the driver even if the driver recognizes the present position of the vehicle as a point of low accuracy on the road map displayed on the display device. That is, it is rather acceptable for the driver who is driving the vehicle, in the aspects of the speed sensibility and the sense about the positional relationship and the directional relationship with respect to his target, that the driver recognizes the state of the vehicle's movement as a line while making the positional relationship with respect to the target clear than recognizing the present position indicated as a point, on the screen of the display device. It is easier and more natural for the driver to recognize the state of the vehicle's movement as the line than to recognize the state of the movement as the point. Furthermore, information about the state of the movement as the line is more valuable as available drive information. In addition, since the user's vehicle such as an automobile must move while being restricted by a road in a different manner from an airplane and a ship, it is more practical to recognize the road on which the user's vehicle is moving at a particular moment while making the positional relationship with the target for the user's vehicle clear than obtaining the present position of the user's vehicle as a point.
Furthermore, if the present position of the user's vehicle is intended to be accurately obtained, the load of realizing the high accuracy becomes too heavy for the navigation system. As a result, the cost for manufacturing the navigation system cannot be reduced and thereby wide use of the navigation system will be interrupted. Therefore, the primary ideal of preventing the traffic snarl and realizing the safety traffic cannot be achieved.
It is very dangerous for the driver to drive his vehicle while actually looking for a road. Therefore, there has been a desire of a practical navigation system to be developed as a system of aiding the driver to easily reach the position of the target. According to the conventional navigation system arranged in accordance with the map display system, the driver must look for the driving course set on the road map displayed on the display device. Therefore, the dangerous factor cannot be eliminated and thereby its practicality is insufficient.
Since the driver must pay attention to many things during driving the vehicle, the load of the driver must be reduced for the purpose of safely driving the vehicle. Therefore, it is preferable that a navigation system be arranged in such a manner that information necessary to select the course can be obtained at first glance.
According to the conventional navigation system arranged in accordance with a route guide system in which the driving course through which the vehicle reaches the target is indicated on the display device, an optimum driving course is set in accordance with the relationship between the start position and the target position at the time of start of driving. According to the above-described navigation system arranged in accordance with the route guide system, it is actually difficult to drive the vehicle while keeping the driving course in the actual road state even if the driving course is indicated on the display device. Furthermore, the degree of the danger can be increased due to stress given to the driver when the determined driving course is instructed for the driver.
However, if the instruction by means of indicating the driving course is not made but only the present position of the user's vehicle is indicated, the value of information is insufficient. It is more dangerous to look for the course in accordance with the present position shown on the road map displayed on the display device than to instruct the driving course.
It is important for the navigation system to, via the display device, show the driver information which is valuable to reach the target in a state in which safety cannot be deteriorated. In particular, intense stress is given to the driver if the optimum driving course to reach the target is determined before the start of driving and the one fixed driving course is shown to the driver. In order to prevent the state in which the stress is given to the driver, it is preferable that the navigation system be constituted in such a manner that the driver is able to select a course to reach the target and the driver's determination about the selected course is given priority. As a result, the driver is able to drive the vehicle with composure.
Furthermore, the current background in which the aged and the female drivers increase must be taken into consideration. In addition, the mental state and recognition of the driver in a specific situation must be considered.
Therefore, it is insufficient for the display device to indicate the present position of the user's vehicle on the road map. In addition, it is an excessive function to indicate the driving course on the map.
An object of the present invention is to provide a significantly practical navigation system and a method therefor capable of overcoming the above-described problems and meeting the above-described requirements by regarding information about the movement state of a moving object as a line as important and employing a concept of a "line representing a passage through which the moving object is moving at this very moment", that is a "travelling line", whereby necessary and minimum practical information is supplied to a user such as a driver to cause the user to independently select the course.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a navigation system and a method therefor in which a novel and practical navigation display system is employed which is completely different from the conventional map display system and the arrow display system in terms of the display method and which is arranged completely different from the course guide system in terms of a navigation principle such that the driving course is not set previously but a user is able to independently make the driving course while selecting a course in accordance with the determination about driving made by the user.


In order to attain a cost-effective manufacturing, suitable for large-scale production, in the case of a rail wheel, and, at the same time, a high degree of structural strength, whereby the wheel disk, which rigidly joins the wheel hub (4) with the wheel tire in a fibrous composite type of construction, is made of two external fibrous composite surface layers and a characteristically light inner core, which transmits shearing force, arranged between them, the inner core is composed, according to the invention, of ring segment-shaped, foam plastic-filled fibrous composite hollow cases (22), each consisting of web portions (28), running radially between the wheel hub and the wheel tire, arranged perpendicularly to the surface layers, with an intersecting fibrous orientation, slanted at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the sections, as well as profile side walls (30), formed in one piece, on the longitudinal edges of the web portions, with a continuous fibrous structure, each evenly bonded with the inner surface of the surface layers, and of segment extensions (32, 34), lying contiguously, in one piece, on the web portion ends, forming the outer and inner surrounding edges of the hollow cases.

In the above-described type of rail wheel, the fibrous composite structure, which constitutes the wheel disk, must transfer, in addition to the radial contact loads of the wheel and the braking and accelerative forces acting in the circumferential direction, strong transverse forces, acting parallel to the wheel axis, between the hub and the wheel tire. Accordingly, the fibrous composite structure of the wheel disk must possess a correspondingly high flexural strength. This is achieved in the known disk wheels of this type (See, e.g., German Patent No. 33 45 555 and European Patent No. 65 086), wherein the wheel disk is designed with a sandwich construction, with a characteristically light inner core of metal honeycombs or foam plastic material, which joins the outer fibrous composite surface layers, in a shear-resistant manner, at a distance to each other. Such an inner core, irrespective of whether it consists of metal honeycombs or of a foam plastic material of sufficient strength, is so expensive, that the application of rail wheels of this construction type is only possible to a limited extent, in spite of their superior qualities as compared to standard all-metal rail wheels.
It is a primary object of the present invention to design a rail wheel of the fibrous composite structure type which has a cost effective type of construction, suitable for large-scale production, and, while maintaining a low true specific weight, provides significant structural strength in the area of the fibrous composite wheel disk.


Application of treatments for treating a colorant for printing an image is described herein. In an example, an amount of a treatment to be applied on a substrate portion is determined considering color calibration of a printing system for specific conditions of printing the image. The treatment is for treating the amount of colorant on the substrate portion.

In printing, a treatment may be used for treating a colorant on a substrate. Generally, such treatment is aimed to improve print quality by enhancing fixation of colorant on the substrate. Such a treatment may include, for example, a pre-treatment component or a post-treatment component.
For example, a pre-treatment component may be applied on a portion of a substrate to enhance fixation (e.g., bonding and/or hardening) of a colorant to be subsequently applied on that portion of the substrate. If the colorant includes an ink, fixation may be desired to address coalescence, bleed, feathering, or similar effects characterized by ink or pigment migration across a printed surface. In other examples, post-treatment fluids may be applied in colorant already applied on the substrate. Such a post-treatment may be to provide a coating over the printed image. A treatment may be also applied quasi-simultaneously to the colorant.
Common methods for applying treatments on a substrate include roll coating, spray coating, manual application or treatment ejection, for example, through a jetting device.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


An oral hygiene device is provided having a head and a handle. The handle is configured to accommodate a user's hand grip when the head is inserted into a user's mouth. The head is further configured to accommodate, at a distal end of the handle, a proximal end of the head. One of the head and the handle is provided with a cavity configured to receive a supply of floss. The cavity becomes accessible when the head and the handle are at least partially detached from one another.

This invention relates generally to an oral hygiene device configured to store a supply of floss, and in particular, to a oral hygiene device having an engagement interface between a head and a handle, with the supply of floss being accessible from the interface.
Oral hygiene devices, such as toothbrushes, inter-dental devices, gum massagers, tongue scrapers, etc. are known for promoting oral hygiene. The use of floss to provide another level of oral hygiene care is also known. Certain products have combined oral hygiene devices with floss storage capabilities. However, these products are generally cumbersome with respect to a user accessing and using the floss. For example, certain products store a supply of floss in relatively bulky external housings in the grip area of a toothbrush handle, such that the user's grip on the handle of the toothbrush is less than optimal during the toothbrushing process. Other products store a supply of floss in housings at the base of the toothbrush handle such that accessing the floss requires changing one's grip on the handle. Even further, with some products, water used to the rinse the toothbrush could enter the area where the floss is stored, thereby ruining and contaminating the stored floss. This negatively impacts the ability of the user to easily rinse the toothbrush.
Providing a simple and convenient device for both promoting oral hygiene and flossing and that reduces or overcomes some or all of the difficulties inherent in prior known devices would be desirable. Particular objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that is, those who are knowledgeable or experienced in this field of technology, in view of the following disclosure of the invention and detailed description of certain embodiments.

Oral hygiene device with floss storage capability


An optical pickup apparatus is described which includes a movable unit with an objective lens, a focus servo coil for moving the moveable unit containing the objective lens in the optical-axis direction, and tracking servo coils for moving the moveable unit containing the objective lens in the horizontal directions, and a liquid crystal element disposed for correcting the refractive index. Springs simultaneously provide support for the moveable unit and feed power to the liquid crystal element, the focus servo coil, and the tracking servo coils. A method for making said optical pickup apparatus is described. Two sheets, each having four springs extending across an opening formed by punching, are disposed parallel to each other at a predetermined distance. On these sheets, a fixed unit and a movable unit are formed by insert-molding. Excess portions of the metal sheets are removed, and a through-hole is formed so that connected portions of the wirings, lying side by side, are disconnected. Then, an objective lens, a focus servo coil, tracking servo coils, and a liquid crystal element are mounted on the movable unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical pickup apparatus and a method for making this apparatus. More specifically, the invention relates to an optical pickup apparatus having a movable unit resiliently supported by springs attached to a fixed unit. The movable unit includes an objective lens for converging an optical beam onto a recording surface of a disk recording medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
An optical disk player reads and writes information on a disk recording medium by moving an optical pickup unit in the radial direction of the rotating disk recording medium. To read out the information recorded on the optical disk, the optical pickup has a focus control function for focusing an optical spot between the information track and the objective lens of the optical pickup unit and a tracking control function for adjusting the position of the optical pickup unit in response to the displacement of the information track in the radial direction of the optical disk.
FIG. 13 illustrates a known optical pickup apparatus having a focusing control function and a tracking control function. In this optical pickup apparatus, an objective lens 1, a focus servo coil 2, tracking servo coils 3, and a bobbin 4 for winding the focus servo coil 2 are mounted on a movable unit 5. The movable unit 5 is resiliently supported by four springs 6 attached to a fixed unit 5. More specifically, the movable unit 5 is resiliently supported by two springs 6 on the left and two springs 6 on the right attached to the fixed units 5. By applying a control current via the springs 6 to the focus servo coil 2 and the tracking servo coils 3, the position of the objective lens 1 is controlled in the focusing and tracking directions.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-319353 discloses an optical pickup apparatus having an objective lens holder supported by four spring wires so that the holder can be driven in the focusing and tracking directions of the optical disk. A magnetic circuit for driving the holder is displaced so that its center is shifted towards the periphery of the optical disk. The resilience of the spring wires closer to the inner circumference of the optical disk is reduced by increasing the amount of gel, which is a damping material, applied to the spring wires compared to the amount of gel applied to the spring wires closer to the outer circumference of the optical disk. In this way, the holder is driven in the focusing direction at a predetermined angle so that the optical axis of the objective lens is always substantially orthogonal to the signal recording surface of the optical disk, even when the focusing height changes due to warping of the optical disk. Accordingly, the movable unit supporting the objective lens adjusts the skew of the optical pickup apparatus.
In multimedia, large amounts of various information signals, such as image data and audio data, must be processed at once. There are known optical disks having a high recording density and a reduced size that satisfy such a demand. For example, such a disk may have a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm, wherein two disks having a disk substrate thickness of 0.6 mm are bonded together, or may have a thickness of 1.2 mm wherein an optical disk having a thickness of 0.6 mm is bonded together with a disk reinforcement plate. Such disks are generally known as a digital versatile disk (DVD). More specifically, a DVD has a reflective surface, i.e., a signal recording surface, formed 0.6 mm inwards in the thickness direction from the signal readout surface.
A known optical disk for increasing the recording density without reducing the allowable limit for tilting the disk is an optical disk having a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm formed by bonding an optical disk with a thickness of 0.1 mm with a disk reinforcement plate with a thickness of 1.1 mm. This optical disk is known as a high recording density disk. More specifically, for this high recording density disk, the reflective surface, i.e., the signal recording surface, is formed 0.1 mm inwards from the signal readout surface.
An optical pickup apparatus for reproducing an information signal from a high recording density disk has an objective lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.7 or more. For example, the optical pickup apparatus has a two-lens-group wherein the optical axes of the two lenses are aligned. The two-lens-group unit includes a first lens, which is a front lens facing the high recording density disk and a second lens, which is a rear lens disposed so that its optical axis is aligned with the first lens. A NA of 0.7 or more is achieved by using both the first and second lenses.
There is a demand for optical pickup apparatuses capable of reading different types of disks, such as CDs, CD-Rs, or high recording density disks. The above-mentioned optical pickup apparatus for reading information signals from a high recording density disk cannot read other optical disks, such as CDs or DVDs, because the position of the signal recording surface differs with respect to the thickness of the disk. The difference in the position of the signal recording surface causes spherical aberration and wave aberration, making it impossible to read the optical disk. Means for correcting the wave aberration by a liquid crystal element is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-269611.
To correct the wave aberration and provide an optical pickup apparatus capable of reading optical disks having signal recording surfaces at different positions along the thickness of the disk, the liquid crystal element must be accurately aligned with the objective lens. Thus, it is desirable to mount the liquid crystal element on the movable unit supporting the objective lens.
Mounting the liquid crystal element on the movable unit, however, requires power feeding to the focus servo coil and the tracking servo coils that control the objective lens in the optical-axis direction and the horizontal direction, respectively, and to the electrodes of the liquid crystal element. However, the optical pickup apparatus according to FIG. 13 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-319353 does not have enough springs for feeding power. Thus, means for feeding power to the liquid crystal element, such as a flexible substrate, must be added to the apparatus. For this reason, the accuracy and the efficiency of the assembly are reduced. There is also a problem in that, when power is fed to the liquid crystal element via a flexible substrate, the responsiveness of the focus servo coil and the tracking servo coils is reduced because of the damping of the flexible substrate.

Method for making an optical pickup apparatus having a movable unit supported by springs attached to a fixed unit


An example method for interference suppression in full duplex cable network environments is provided and includes providing a baseband (BB) reference signal on a first pathway to a signal processor, converting the BB reference signal to a first radio frequency (RF) signal, transmitting the first RF signal on the first pathway, the first RF signal being reflected back on a second pathway, receiving a second RF signal on the second pathway, the second RF signal including interferences from the reflections, generating an RF reference signal based on signals on the first pathway, providing the RF reference signal to the signal processor, providing the second RF signal to the signal processor, and reducing, by the signal processor, interferences in the second RF signal from reflections of the first RF signal based on the BB reference signal and the RF reference signal.

Consumer appetite for bandwidth continues to grow exponentially in the cable network market. In some cable network architectures, including remote physical layer (RPHY) with digital fiber, the coax fiber becomes the bottleneck in throughput, stifling increase in bandwidth. The typical multi-system operator (MSO) is out of options currently, due to the inherent technological limitations of existing cable network components. For example, the Shannon channel capacity limit (e.g., tight upper bound on rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communications channel) has practically been achieved already in existing cable network architectures. There is consumer driven demand to extend the frequency spectrum beyond 1.2 GHz, but a conventional extension would require extensive network upgrade. Upgrades in network components are limited by capital expenditure (CAPEX) budget limitations. All optics (fiber to the home (FTTH) have excessive CAPEX. In such scenarios, it may be desirable to offer new services with full downstream/upstream (DS/US) throughput (e.g., matching Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (GPON) standard of 2.5 Gbits downstream/1 Gbits upstream ratio) with limited capital expenditure for outside plant upgrade.

Interference suppression in full duplex cable network environments


An image forming apparatus includes an exposing section, a pulse generating section, a frequency storing section, an emission control section, a smoothing section, and a driving-current generating section. The pulse generating section generates a periodic pulse signal indicating light amount of light beam emitted by a light source of the exposing section. The frequency storing section stores in advance a plurality of frequencies of the pulse signal. The emission control section selects, in the rendering of each main scanning line, any one of the plurality of frequencies and instructs the pulse generating section to generate the pulse signal having the selected frequency. The smoothing section smoothes the pulse signal generated by the pulse generating section according to the instruction of the emission control section and generates analog signal. The driving-current generating section generates driving current for the light source of the exposing section on the basis of the analog signal.

The present disclosure relates to a technique for generating a driving current for a light source, which emits a light beam for forming an electrostatic latent image, on the basis of an analog signal generated by smoothing a periodic pulse signal indicating a light amount of the light beam.
Formation of an image by an electrophotographic system includes a step of forming an electrostatic latent image of an image indicated by image data on a photosensitive drum, a step of supplying a toner to the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image, a step of transferring the toner image onto a sheet, and a step of fixing the toner image, which is transferred onto the sheet, on the sheet.
In the step of forming an electrostatic latent image, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum by repeatedly reflecting a light beam, which is emitted from a light source by subjecting the light source to light emission control, with a polygon mirror and rendering a main scanning line on the rotating photosensitive drum.
When the magnitude of a driving current for the light source is fixed and the main scanning line is rendered on the photosensitive drum, a light amount (in other words, intensity) of the light beam irradiated on the photosensitive drum is different according to a position on the photosensitive drum. As a cause of the difference in the light amount of the light beam, for example, the distance between the photosensitive drum and the polygon mirror is different in the center and at both the ends of the photosensitive drum (the distance between the polygon mirror and the center of the photosensitive drum is shorter than the distance between the polygon mirror and both the ends of the photosensitive drum). An optical characteristic of a condensing lens arranged between the polygon mirror and the photosensitive drum is also a cause of the difference in the light amount of the light beam.
When the light amount of the light beam irradiated on the photosensitive drum is different according to the position on the photosensitive drum, unevenness occurs in the density of an image.
Therefore, the magnitude of the driving current for the light source is adjusted during main scanning to fix, on the photosensitive drum, the light amount of the light beam irradiated on the photosensitive drum. For example, there is proposed a technique for dividing the main scanning line into a plurality of regions (blocks), generating a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal indicating, for each of the regions, a light amount of a light beam emitted by the light source, smoothing the PWM signal, generating an analog signal having magnitude corresponding to the light amount of the light beam, and adjusting the magnitude of the driving current for the light source on the basis of the analog signal.
When the PWM signal is smoothed to generate the analog signal, ripples occur in the analog signal according to the period of the PWM signal. The ripples sometimes cause deterioration in image quality.
When a circuit for smoothing the PWM signal is a low-pass filter consisting of a CR filter, if a time constant of the CR filter is increased, it is possible to prevent ripples from occurring in the analog signal. However, if the time constant is increased, a response time from the input of the PWM signal to the CR filter until the output of the analog signal increases, leading to a delay in control of the light amount of the light beam. Therefore, there is a limit in increasing the time constant of the CR filter.
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide an image forming apparatus that can prevent deterioration in image quality due to ripples that occur in an analog signal generated by smoothing a pulse signal and used for generating a driving current for a light source that emits a light beam for forming an electrostatic latent image.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The present disclosure describes ultrasound imaging systems and methods that may be used to image breast tissue. An ultrasound imaging system according to one embodiment may include a user interface comprising a display, a processor operatively connected to the user interface, and memory comprising processor-executable instructions, which when executed by the processor cause the user interface to display a first ultrasound image of a breast on the display and receive an indication of a first region of interest (ROI) in the first ultrasound image. The memory may include instructions to further cause the user interface to display a second ultrasound image of the breast on the display and receive an indication of a second region of interest in the second ultrasound image. The processor may be configured to determine locations of the first and second regions of interest based on probe position data associated with the first and second images, respectively and cause the user interface to display a visual indication of a relative distance between the first and second regions of interest if the relative distance is less than or equal to a predetermined amount.

The present disclosure relates generally to medical imaging systems such as ultrasound imaging systems. An ultrasound imaging system typically includes a user interface which operates in conjunction with a probe to acquire and display images from a subject (e.g., a patient). Acquired images may be displayed, reviewed and/or annotated in real time during the image data acquisition process or offline on an analysis workstation. Medical imaging may be used for screening and diagnostics purposes such as to identify the presence of and/or quantify parameters associated with a tumor in a tissue of the subject. Accurate and early identification and assessment of a tumor may facilitate more effective treatment response. For example in the case of imaging breast tissue, ultrasound imaging has more recently found use in screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. Some patients may present multiple lesions in one or both breast and the accurate and full documentation of all suspicious lesions may facilitate a more effective treatment plan. Thus, tools for more comprehensively and/or efficiently documenting the results of breast ultrasound exams may be desired.

Ultrasound system and method for breast tissue imaging and annotation of breast ultrasound images


An improved memo clip and in particular to one utilizing a saw teeth plate and a pressing plate to clip paper and grasp the paper firmly by means of a spring. When desired to pull one piece of paper out, it is simply by pulling the piece of paper out either from left or right hand side and paper will easily be pulled out without bothering other paper.

The inventor, in view of this, has invented this improved memo clip which is capable of accepting more paper and is able to be drawn one piece of paper and leave the rest paper stay steadly in position and can be made as an indoor ornament without losses its original function.


A paging configuration method includes: judging whether a present system load level of a present cell is greater than a preset load threshold or not; and when the present system load level is lower than or equal to the preset load threshold, sending first configuration information to each UE in the present cell, the first configuration information including multiple Paging Occasions (POs), a first effective PO set in the multiple POs, an identifier of UE and an identifier of an effective PO corresponding to the UE in the first effective PO set.

Along with rapid development of wireless communication technologies, 5th Generation (5G) systems have emerged. A 5G system is often applicable to a high band, i.e., a band above 6 GHz. In a high band, due to a poor propagation characteristic of a radio wave, conventional omnidirectional transmission cannot be applicable anymore, and beam scanning and beam management are needed to be introduced for communication.
A Synchronous Signal Block (SSB), as a basis for downlink beam measurement in an initial access process, generally includes a beam index, and thus UE may report a beam according to the index.
Different types of UE may exist in a 5G system. An important type is low-delay UE, and the UE of this type generally has a high requirement on delay and is not so power-consuming. A main function of paging is to notify a connection request from UE in an idle state and notify a change of a system message to UE in an idle or connected state. However, a base station, when sending a paging message to UE in an idle state, does not know a position of the UE and thus can send the paging message only by scanning all beams. The unit of a Paging Occasion (PO) in a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system is 1 ms, while the unit of a PO in 5G is multiple time slots and a specific numerical value has yet not been determined at present.
It can be seen from an SSB configuration that, in a 5G system, an SSB is only concentrated in a 5 ms window within 20 ms and thus different circumstances may exist for the number of POs in the 20 ms, namely some POs are close to the SSB and some POs are relatively far from the SSB. Accordingly, a problem of paging configuration may be brought.

Paging configuration method and device, paging message receiving method and device, and base station

BEIJING XIAOMI MOBILE SOFTWARE CO., LTD.


A data management system automatically manages image buffers to produce images for angiography using a first memory portion, a second memory portion and an image data processor. The first memory portion stores first image frame data representing minimum luminance values of individual pixels of a sequence of medical images. The second memory portion stores second image frame data comprising a difference between the minimum luminance values and corresponding maximum luminance values. The image data processor processes data representing an acquired X-ray image frame of a catheterized vessel using a stored frame of maximum or minimum pixel luminance values and the second image frame data to provide an image with enhanced visualization of a catheter in a vessel.

Roadmapping is a term used to refer to a special type of angiographic fluoroscopy including multiple phases. In a first phase, acquired X-ray images are displayed as acquired without performing any image subtraction while a radiation dose applied to a patient is regulated. During a second phase, a contrast agent is injected into patient vasculature and a roadmapping mask image is generated by subtracting an image of anatomic background information from a sequence of image frames acquired with contrast agent introduced into vasculature and accumulated over the image sequence. During a third phase, a roadmapping mask image is used to guide the physician during an x-ray imaging examination without further contrast agent injection.
In known systems, in order to support a roadmap mode, an image post processing system such as the system of FIG. 1, acquires images in a first phase 11 and employs a temporary internal storage buffer 12 in which a mask frame is built using minimum gray luminance values of pixels of the acquired images during the second phase. At the end of the second phase the mask frame is moved to permanent storage 14 from the temporary storage so that an internal storage buffer can be used for other intermediate image processing functions. At the start of the third phase, the mask frame is read back to the internal buffer to be used as a mask frame that is subtracted from a live fluoroscopic image during third phase 16 to give a roadmap image. Known systems involve transfer latencies and delay in transferring image data between permanent storage locations of intermediate result buffers and memory accessible by image processing hardware. A system according to invention principles addresses these deficiencies and related problems.

Data management system for use in angiographic X-ray imaging


Adapters for mounting patch panels to data center racks enable the patch panels to be repositioned with respect to the racks in a rotatable or pivotable manner. A patch panel mounted to an adapter has a jack or port on one side of the adapter, and a jack or port on another side of the adapter. With the adapter aligned at an obtuse angle with respect to a front edge of a rack, a component may be inserted into the rack, or removed from the rack. Subsequently, the adapter aligned at an acute angle, or any other angle, with respect to the front edge of the rack. Mounting patch panels to the adapters enables the patch panels to be maintained outside of the rack, and increases a number of components that may be installed within the rack, or space or volume that may e occupied by components within the rack.

Data center racks are rigid systems for accommodating computer, network or communication components such as power supplies, servers, switches, fans, cooling systems or other electronic components. A data center rack typically includes sets of one or more rails, tracks or other systems for supporting components within or in association with a frame that maintains the rails, tracks or other systems in a desired alignment. Additionally, a frame of a rack may be constructed to ensure that components may be readily inserted into the frame and removed therefrom in a substantially simple manner. Racks are commonly constructed with standard dimensions (e.g., lengths, widths and depths), and from materials such as aluminum, steel or composites. Additionally, racks may have open frames, e.g., frames that have rails but lack doors or other panels, or frames that are partially or entirely enclosed, e.g., frames in the form of cabinets or other systems that include doors or panels. Additionally, racks may be placed on floors or other surfaces, or mounted to walls or other systems. Moreover, racks may be arranged in groups, such as in parallel, and aligned to form columns or pathways through which workers may travel or airflow may pass.
A patch panel (or a patch field, or a patch bay) is a system component having a number of jacks or ports for connecting or routing computer, network or communication components to one another. Where a patch panel is provided in association with a rack, e.g., by hard-mounting the patch panel into the rack, components mounted or installed in the rack may be connected to the patch panel, and the patch panel may be connected to one or more external systems for providing power, connectivity or other services to the components.
A patch panel typically includes pairs of jacks or ports aligned along lines or arranged in arrays or patterns, with each of the pairs of jacks or ports acting as an intermediary between a component within a rack and another component located elsewhere in a facility within which the rack is provided. Patch panels typically connect such components to networks (e.g., local area networks, wide area networks or the Internet), to sources of alternating current or direct current power, or to any other system. Patch panels further enhance the scalability of data centers, and enable such data centers to add or replace components effectively and easily, without requiring hard-wired connections. Patch panels also enable cables or connectors with such components to be installed and organized, and with shorter overall lengths.
Despite their advantages, however, patch panels tend to reduce the efficiency of storage within a rack. The use of patch panels in association with a rack necessarily reduces the number or size of components that may be housed within the rack, as the patch panels occupy physical space within the rack. Additionally, a rack that includes patch panels must also provide a buffer or space between the patch panels and any components therein, to accommodate cables or other connectors that are routed between such patch panels and such components. Moreover, currently, where a patch panel is hard-mounted to a frame of a rack, the patch panel must be removed prior to installing or replacing components therein, or prior to performing maintenance or inspection on any of such components. Given that patch panels are designed to receive electrical power or signals and to transfer such electrical power or signals to components within a rack, installing or replacing the components, or performing maintenance or inspection on such components, typically requires taking the patch panels and such components offline for a period of time.


An electric motor with a permanent magnet excitation comprises permanent magnets retained in a pole housing and associated with the flux-conducting element, wherein at least one permanent magnet and a flux-conducting element are arranged so that they are in positively interlocking engagement.

The invention relates to an electric motor with permanent magnet excitation.
DE 35 39 851 A1 has disclosed an electric starter motor for an internal combustion engine, said starter motor having permanent magnets on the pole housing which surround an armature shaft with an armature arranged thereon. The permanent magnets are fixed in the housing with the aid of holding springs, which are arranged between adjacent magnets and have spring arms bearing against one end side of the magnets in a resilient manner. In order to achieve a series characteristic, in which high torques are emitted even at low rotation speeds, flux guidance pieces are associated with the permanent magnets, said flux guidance pieces consisting of a material with good magnetic conductivity and serving to guide the magnetic flux. In accordance with DE 35 39 851 A1, the holding springs are additionally fastened on the housing with a rivet in order to be able to absorb the radial forces acting on the flux guidance pieces and to hold the magnets including the flux guidance pieces in the housing in the desired position.
In accordance with a further embodiment described in DE 35 39 851 A1, the permanent magnets including the flux guidance pieces are positioned on the pole housing with the aid of holding rings, which secure the permanent magnets and the flux guidance pieces radially with respect to the surrounding pole housing. Spring tongues which protrude out of the holding rings through 90° place the flux guidance pieces against the magnets in the circumferential direction. Both the holding via riveted-in holding springs and via the holding rings or in the form of welded-in or riveted flux guidance pieces with simple holding springs represent comparatively complex embodiments.

Electric motor with permanent magnet excitation


A flexible low profile delivery system for delivery of an expandable intracorporeal device, specifically, an endovascular graft, which has at least one belt circumferentially disposed about the device in a constraining configuration. The belt is released by a release member, such as a release wire, by retracting the wire from looped ends of the belt. Multiple belts can be used and can be released sequentially so as to control the order of release and placement of the endovascular graft. An outer protective sheath may be disposed about the endovascular graft while in a constrained state which must first be retracted or otherwise removed prior to release of the graft from a constrained state. The delivery system can be configured for delivery over a guiding device such as a guidewire. The delivery system can also be configured for delivery of bifurcated intracorporeal devices.

The present invention relates generally to a system and method for the treatment of disorders of the vasculature. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for treatment of thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm and the like, which is a condition manifested by expansion and weakening of the aorta. Prior methods of treating aneurysm have consisted of invasive surgical methods with graft placement within the affected vessel as a reinforcing member of the artery. However, such a procedure requires a surgical cut down to access the vessel, which in turn can result in a catastrophic rupture of the aneurysm due to the decreased external pressure from the surrounding organs and tissues, which are moved during the procedure to gain access to the vessel. Accordingly, surgical procedures can have a high mortality rate due to the possibility of the rupture discussed above in addition to other factors. Such other risk factors for surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms can include poor physical condition of the patient due to blood loss, anuria, and low blood pressure associated with the aortic abdominal aneurysm. An example of a surgical procedure is described in a book entitled Surgical Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms by Denton A. Cooley, M.D., published in 1986 by W. B. Saunders Company.
Due to the inherent risks and complexities of surgical intervention, various attempts have been made to develop alternative methods for deployment of grafts within aortic aneurysms. One such method is the non-invasive technique of percutaneous delivery by a catheter-based system. Such a method is described in Lawrence, Jr. et al. in xe2x80x9cPercutaneous Endovascular Graft: Experimental Evaluationxe2x80x9d, Radiology (May 1987). Lawrence described therein the use of a Gianturco stent as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,568. The stent is used to position a Dacron fabric graft within the vessel. The Dacron graft is compressed within the catheter and then deployed within the vessel to be treated. A similar procedure has also been described by Mirich et al. in xe2x80x9cPercutaneously Placed Endovascular Grafts for Aortic Aneurysms: Feasability Studyxe2x80x9d, Radiology (March 1989). Mirich describes therein a self-expanding metallic structure covered by a nylon fabric, with said structure being anchored by barbs at the proximal and distal ends.
One of the primary deficiencies of the existing percutaneous devices and methods has been that the grafts and the delivery systems used to deliver the grafts are relatively large in profile, often up to 24 French, and stiff in longitudinal bending. The large profile and relatively high bending stiffness of existing delivery systems makes delivery through the vessels of a patient difficult and can pose the risk of dissection or other trauma to the patient""s vessels. In particular, the iliac arteries of a patient are often too narrow or irregular for the passage of existing percutaneous devices. Because of this, non-invasive percutaneous graft delivery for treatment of aortic aneurysm is contraindicated for many patients who would otherwise benefit from it.
What is needed is an endovascular graft and delivery system having a small outer diameter relative to existing systems and high flexibility to facilitate percutaneous delivery in patients who require such treatment. What is also needed is a delivery system for an endovascular graft that is simple, reliable and that can accurately and safely deploy an endovascular graft within a patient""s body, lumen or vessel.
The invention is directed generally to a delivery system for delivery of an expandable intracorporeal device, specifically, an endovascular graft. Embodiments of the invention are directed to percutaneous non-invasive delivery of endovascular grafts which eliminate the need for a surgical cut-down in order to access the afflicted artery or other intracorporeal conduit of the patient being treated. Such a non-invasive delivery system and method result in shorter procedure duration, expedited recovery times and lower risk of complication. The flexible low profile properties of some embodiments of the invention also make percutaneous non-invasive procedures for delivery of endovascular grafts available to patient populations that may not otherwise have such treatment available. For example, patients with small anatomies or particularly tortuous vasculature may be contraindicated for procedures that involve the use of delivery systems that do not have the flexible or low profile characteristics of embodiments of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the delivery system has an elongate shaft with a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the elongate shaft includes a portion having an expandable intracorporeal device. An elongate belt support member is disposed adjacent a portion of the expandable intracorporeal device and a belt is secured to the belt support member and circumferentially disposed about the expandable intracorporeal device. The belt member constrains at least a portion of the expandable intracorporeal device. A release member releasably secures the belt in the constraining configuration.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a delivery system that has an elongate shaft with a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the elongate shaft has an elongate belt support member disposed adjacent a portion of the expandable intracorporeal device. A belt is secured to the belt support member and is circumferentially disposed about the expandable intracorporeal device. The belt has a configuration which constrains the expandable intracorporeal device and a release member releasably secures the belt in the constraining configuration. The belt may constrain any portion of the expandable intracorporeal device, such as a self-expanding portion of the expandable intracorporeal device. A self-expanding portion of the device may include a self-expanding member such as a tubular stent.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, a plurality of belts are secured to various axial positions on the belt support member, are circumferentially disposed about the expandable intracorporeal device and have a configuration which constrains the expandable intracorporeal device. At least one release member releasably secures the belts in the constraining configuration. Each belt can be released by a single separate release member which engages each belt separately, or multiple belts can be released by a single release member. The order in which the belts are released can be determined by the axial position of the belts and the direction of movement of the release member.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a delivery system for delivery of a self-expanding endovascular graft with a flexible tubular body portion and at least one self-expanding member secured to an end of the endovascular graft. The delivery system has an elongate shaft having a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the elongate shaft has an elongate belt support member disposed within the self-expanding member of the endovascular graft and a belt which is secured to the belt support member adjacent the self-expanding member. The belt is also circumferentially disposed about the self-expanding member and has a configuration which constrains the self-expanding member. A release wire releasably secures ends of the belt in the constraining configuration.
A further embodiment of the invention includes a delivery system for delivery of an endovascular graft with a flexible tubular body portion and a plurality of self-expanding members secured to ends of the endovascular graft. The delivery system has an elongate shaft with a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the elongate shaft has an elongate guidewire tube disposed within the endovascular graft in a constrained state. A plurality of shape memory thin wire belts are secured to the guidewire tube respectively adjacent the self-expanding members. The belts are circumferentially disposed about the respective self-expanding members and have a configuration which constrains the respective self-expanding members. A first release wire releasably secures ends of the belts disposed about the self-expanding members at the proximal end of the endovascular graft in a constraining configuration. A second release wire releasably secures ends of the belts disposed about the self-expanding members at a distal end of the endovascular graft in the constraining configuration.
The invention also is directed to a method for deploying an expandable intracorporeal device within a patient""s body. The method includes providing a delivery system for delivery of an expandable intracorporeal device including an elongate shaft having a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the elongate shaft has an elongate belt support member disposed adjacent a portion of the expandable intracorporeal device and a belt which is secured to the belt support member. The belt is circumferentially disposed about the expandable intracorporeal device and has a configuration which constrains the expandable intracorporeal device. A release member releasably secures the belt in the constraining configuration.
Next, the distal end of the delivery system is introduced into the patient""s body and advanced to a desired site within the patient""s body. The release member is then activated, releasing the belt from the constraining configuration. Optionally, the delivery system may also have an outer protective sheath disposed about the endovascular graft in a constrained state, the belt in its constraining configuration and at least a portion of the release wire disposed at the belt. In such an embodiment, the method of deployment of an expandable intracorporeal device also includes retraction of the outer protective sheath from the endovascular graft prior to activation of the release member.
In an embodiment of the invention directed to delivery of bifurcated intracorporeal device, an elongate shaft has a proximal section and a distal section. The distal section of the shaft has an elongate primary belt support member and at least one primary belt disposed on the primary belt support member. The primary belt support member is configured to be circumferentially disposed about a bifurcated intracorporeal device and at least partially constrain the device. A primary release member is configured to engage and releasably secure the primary belt in a constraining configuration. At least one elongate secondary belt support member is disposed adjacent the elongate primary belt support member. At least one secondary belt is disposed on the secondary belt support member. This at least one secondary belt is configured to be circumferentially disposed about a bifurcated intracorporeal device and at least partially constrain the device. A secondary release member is configured to engage and releasably secure the secondary belt in a constraining configuration.
In a method for deploying a bifurcated intracorporeal device within a patient""s body, a delivery system for delivery and deployment of a bifurcated intracorporeal device is provided. The delivery system includes an elongate shaft having a proximal section and a distal section. The bifurcated intracorporeal device is disposed on the distal section of the elongate shaft. The distal section of the elongate shaft also includes an elongate primary belt support member and at least one primary belt secured to the primary belt support member. The primary belt is configured to be circumferentially disposed about a bifurcated intracorporeal device and at least partially constrain the device. A primary release member engages and releasably secures the primary belt in the constraining configuration. The distal section of the elongate shaft also includes at least one elongate secondary belt support member disposed adjacent the elongate primary belt support member. At least one secondary belt is secured to the secondary belt support member and is configured to be circumferentially disposed about a bifurcated intracorporeal device to at least partially constrain the device. A secondary release member engages and releasably secures the secondary belt in a constraining configuration.
The distal end of the delivery system is introduced into the patient""s body and advanced to a desired site within the patient""s body. The release members are then activated to release the belts from the constraining configuration and the device is deployed. Thereafter, the delivery system can be removed from the patient""s body. In some embodiments of the invention, the secondary belt support member is detached and removed from the delivery system prior to withdrawal of the delivery system from the patient. In another embodiment, the secondary belt support member is displaced laterally towards the primary belt support member so as to be substantially parallel to the primary belt support member and enable withdrawal of the delivery system through an ipsilateral side of the bifurcated intracorporeal device.

Delivery system and method for bifurcated endovascular graft


An operation management system 12 alleviates the burden on an administrator 103 who carries out reappearance monitoring of a failure that occurred in a computer system 11. The operation management system 12 detects one or more detected events occurring in the computer system 11, and selects a first causal laws code 180 included in a causal laws information 168 based on the causal laws information 168 and the detected event. The operation management system 12, in a case where the composition of the computer system 11 has been changed to eliminate the cause of generation of the detected event, selects a second causal laws code 180 included in a post-change causal laws information 168 based on the post-change causal laws information 168 and the first causal laws code 180, and notifies the administrator 103 of information related to the selected second causal laws code 180.

Technology for managing a computer system comprising a plurality of machines (computers, storage apparatuses, network apparatuses, and so forth) is known. A system for managing a computer system will be called an "operation management system" below.
For example, Patent Citation 1 discloses an operation management system comprising a function (a root cause analysis (RCA) function) for detecting a failure that occurs in the computer system and identifying the cause of this failure. In the disclosure of Patent Citation 1, the operation management system maintains information (causal laws information) for defining a causal relationship between the cause and the event (error symptom) generated by this cause. Then, in a case where an event occurs in a machine comprising the computer system or in a component mounted to this machine (called "machine et al" below as needed), the operation management system acquires the generated event and identifies the cause based on this acquired event and the causal laws information.
Also, for example, Patent Citation 2 discloses an operation management system comprising a function for recognizing the fact that the configuration of the computer system has changed. In the disclosure of Patent Citation 2, a program for detecting a configuration change is disposed in the respective machines inside the computer system. The operation management system recognizes the configuration change in the computer system by acquiring configuration change-related information from the above-mentioned program.


According to one aspect of the invention, in response to one or more terms to be indexed, each of the terms is indexed in a regular index. In addition, for each of the terms having multiple characters, at least one prefix portion of the term is indexed in a prefix index, where the regular index is used for regular searches and the prefix index is used for prefix searches without having to combine a plurality of postings lists of the regular index at the point in time.

Modern data processing systems, such as general purpose computer systems, allow the users of such systems to create a variety of different types of data files. For example, a typical user of a data processing system may create text files with a word processing program such as Microsoft Word or may create an image file with an image processing program such as Adobe's Photoshop. Numerous other types of files are capable of being created or modified, edited, and otherwise used by one or more users for a typical data processing system. The large number of the different types of files that can be created or modified can present a challenge to a typical user who is seeking to find a particular file which has been created.
Modern data processing systems often include a file management system which allows a user to place files in various directories or subdirectories (e.g. folders) and allows a user to give the file a name. Further, these file management systems often allow a user to find a file by searching not only the content of a file, but also by searching for the file's name, or the date of creation, or the date of modification, or the type of file. An example of such a file management system is the Finder program which operates on Macintosh computers from Apple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Another example of a file management system program is the Windows Explorer program which operates on the Windows operating system from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. Both the Finder program and the Windows Explorer program include a find command which allows a user to search for files by various criteria including a file name or a date of creation or a date of modification or the type of file. This search capability searches through information which is the same for each file, regardless of the type of file. Thus, for example, the searchable data for a Microsoft Word file is the same as the searchable data for an Adobe Photoshop file, and this data typically includes the file name, the type of file, the date of creation, the date of last modification, the size of the file and certain other parameters which may be maintained for the file by the file management system.
Certain presently existing application programs allow a user to maintain data about a particular file. This data about a particular file may be considered metadata because it is data about other data. This metadata for a particular file may include information about the author of a file, a summary of the document, and various other types of information. Some file management systems, such as the Finder program, allow users to find a file by searching through the metadata.
In a typical system, the various content, file, and metadata are indexed for later retrieval using a program such as the Finder program, in what is commonly referred to as an inverted index. For example, an inverted index might contain a list of references to documents in which a particular word appears. Typically, during a prefix search of a search term, all postings lists that contain the search term are searched and used to build a union of all sets. Sometimes, there may be many postings list files associated with a term. For example, the terms that start with "a" may match many terms. As a result, many postings lists have to be searched and compiled, which significantly reduces the speed of the search.


An occupant restraint assembly for use in a vehicle conveying at least one passenger is provided. The occupant restraint assembly comprises an inflator for generating gas, a bag for receiving and containing the gas generated by the inflator and an enclosure for housing the inflator and the bag. The enclosure is rotatably mountable within a support structure such as the dash panel opposing the passenger, such that during inflation of the bag the enclosure rotates into an activated position for direct deployment of the bag between the support structure and the passenger.

An inflatable bag unit, disposed within a supporting structure such as a panel dash or other fixed portion of a car body in opposing relation to a seat in the vehicle plays an important role in protecting the passengers in a vehicle from injury due to collision against the car body. Typically, the air bag is inflated rapidly by the pressure of a reaction gas released from an inflator during a collision. This gas generation is effected when a gas generating agent in the inflator induces a chemical reaction by a collision signal from a collision detecting sensor when the deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a certain level. The gas which is generated by the inflator is then conveyed to the bag container which expands outwardly as it fills with gas to create a protective barrier between the vehicle occupant and the dash panel or other portion of the vehicle body against which the occupant might otherwise be thrown.
Air bag systems have been used in the past to protect both the operator of the vehicle and passengers. Systems for the protection of the vehicle operator have typically been mounted in the steering column of the vehicle and utilize a bag construction which may be deployed directly towards the driver utilizing the steering column as the base for such deployment. Some drivers-side air bag systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,580,603 to Chute issued May 25, 1971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,618,979 to Gulette issued Nov. 9, 1971; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,752,501 to Daniel, et al. issued Aug. 14, 1973.
Systems for the protection of vehicle passengers have typically been mounted to the dash panel of the vehicle for deployment outwardly directly towards the occupant from a substantially vertical section of the dash panel. In instances where the configuration of the dash panel does not provide a substantially vertical section from which the bag may be deployed directly towards the occupant, such as in the case of a highly sloped dash, air bags have been deployed from the upper surface of the dash panel and have utilized a combination of windshield slope and bag design to direct the inflated bag outwardly from against the windshield glass into a position between the dash panel and the occupant. The use of such non-vertical mounting orientations has, however, generally required the use of bags having complex geometries to cover the dash panel and protect the occupant. Such geometries are typically achieved by means of relatively complex construction practices which include the use of internally disposed straps or tethers to effect the proper expanded configuration. One such bag design is illustrated in the accompanying FIG. 8. As will be appreciated, such complex designs may lead to higher costs due to a limited ability to automate production, while at the same time failing to maximize fabric utilization due to the use of multiple odd-shaped fabric sections. Some prior passenger bag systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,300 to Ziomek, et al. issued Jun. 27, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,761 to Henseler issued May 28, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,071 to Wallnet et al. issued Feb. 11, 1992; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,729 to Watanabe issued Feb. 25, 1992.
Systems to deploy an inflatable bag directly towards an occupant from a vertically mounted orientation within the dash panel as well as systems for indirectly deploying (i.e. by means of interaction with the windshield) a complex asymmetrical bag from a non-vertically mounted orientation have thus previously been recognized. The present invention, however, provides a useful system for direct deployment of a simple bag design towards the occupant from a non-vertically mounted orientation, thereby avoiding the need to make use of vertical portions of the dash panel or other support structure.


A growing need for inferencing to be run on fog devices exists, in order to reduce the upstream network traffic. However, being computationally constrained in nature, executing complex deep inferencing models on such devices has been proved difficult. A system and method for partitioning of deep convolution neural network for execution of computationally constraint devices at a network edge has been provided. The system is configured to use depth wise input partitioning of convolutional operations in deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The convolution operation is performed based on an input filter depth and number of filters for determining the appropriate parameters for partitioning based on an inference speedup method. The system uses a master-slave network for partitioning the input. The system is configured to address these problems by depth wise partitioning of input which ensures speedup inference of convolution operations by reducing pixel overlaps.

In recent years industries and research organizations have heavily invested in Fog Computing where computational methods are placed closer to the data sources at the edge of the network. Data analytic applications processing large volume of sensor data, images, videos, sounds etc. to generate inferences are primary candidate applications for such a processing architecture as processing the data closer to the source ensures less data traffic upstream. Example implementations of data analytic applications in Smart City are available in smart city transport systems, smart city healthcare, detection of illegal garbage dumping and several others. It is noteworthy that many of the above mentioned and several other data analytic applications for smart city are adopting Deep Learning (DL)/Inference techniques due to availability of state of the art learning models ready for transfer learning and fine tuning, resulting in faster time to market.
Deep Learning is a method of machine learning (ML) for classification/regression/encoding. Target of any supervised ML algorithm is deriving a mathematical function that can map input data to desired output, given a dataset where the desired output is specified. Such dataset are man-made and called labeled data. For learning using such dataset/data stream, input data is segmented into suitable units and is processed/transformed to obtain a set of features that can represent and discriminate the different classes in the input data. The process of feature extraction is critical to the success of a ML implementation and requires domain knowledge, significant skill and effort. ML engineers skilled in the art, can apply different mathematical, statistical methods along with domain knowledge to extract features from labeled data. A typical Deep Learning algorithm trains a neural networks (NN) based model using the labeled data and that model can be used later to classify/predict other sets of data, not processed by the model. The NN graph used for Deep Learning typically consist of a set of layers where each layer contains a set of nodes.
Pre trained models like ResNet, VGG, Inception have shown high accuracy for image classification in ILSVRC. These models can be used in other domains/data by transfer learning and fine tuning. Sending full input data over network is costly and slow. Further challenges of running top of the line deep models like Inception, Resnet, and VGG in common edge/fog devices are the computational and memory requirements for each of the models. It was found that the Inception V3 model cannot be loaded into the available memory without allocating a USB based swap space in the Raspberry Pi 3 board and it takes nearly five seconds to classify a single image. The similar issues are there in most of the commonly used models.
Various other methods have been used, Edge computing have emerged significantly. The initial challenges in Fog and Edge Computing were mainly service standardization, integration of third party vendors, handling of confidential data (trust and privacy) and monetization. Further deep learning inference in constraint devices have also gained interest in last few years. The approaches include layer compression and layer-wise partitioning of deep neural networks, None of these prior works analyze the effect of handling high number input and output channels, which is the de facto standard in current SoA computational neural networks.

Method and system for partitioning of deep convolution network for executing on computationally constraint devices


An optical traveling-wave resonator that includes a magneto-optically active member through which an optical beam propagates on a non-planar optical propagation path circuit. The resonator further includes at least one mirror in the optical propagation path circuit and a magnetic field generator for applying a magnetic field to the magneto-optically active member such that resonant optical frequencies of normal modes corresponding to traveling waves in opposite directions are substantially different.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a non-planar ring resonator for preventing excitation of backward wave in a passive traveling wave optical resonator.
2. Description of Related Art
Many optical applications require the use of a high-finesse traveling wave optical resonator (a "ring" cavity, so-called because the optical beam travels a one-way around a circuit in the resonator). In particular, cavity-enhanced spectroscopy ("CEAS") such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy ("CRDS"), optical frequency filters, and optical spatial mode filters, all use high-finesse traveling wave optical resonators in some of their implementations. No real optical element is perfect, however, and the mirrors used for such cavities scatter some of the radiation out of the intended traveling wave. Rayleigh scattering by gas in the optical beam may also occur. Since simple traveling wave resonators are symmetric with respect to direction of optical wave travel, this scattering may excite the backward traveling wave since the optical frequency is identical for forward and backward waves. Unintended excitation of this backward traveling wave often has deleterious consequences.
One of the main stated advantages of a traveling wave cavity is that it ideally does not return optical feedback to the source of optical excitation, such as a laser. Lasers are usually sensitive to such optical feedback and great care is necessary to minimize feedback. The backward wave in the traveling wave resonator will return optical feedback to the laser through the resonator input coupling. Another deleterious effect is the coherent transfer of forward wave energy to the backward wave in CRDS. This transfer of energy during the ring-down event causes the forward wave optical signal, ideally purely exponential in time, to be significantly non-exponential. This effect makes determining the actual optical loss of the resonator difficult and uncertain, thus degrading the performance of the optical spectroscopy.
Although an approximate mitigation to the non-exponential effect is to measure the sum of the forward and backward optical signals, which is approximately exponential if the coupling between forward and backward waves is weak, this solution still requires that the forward and backward beams are detected and summed with equal weight (see, e.g., He et al., Pub. No. US 2012/0242997 A1). This in turn requires at least careful optical alignment, sometimes also precise electronic gain adjustment, and maintenance of that alignment and gain.

Non-planar ring resonator for preventing excitation of backward wave in a passive traveling wave optical resonator


A first application programming interface (API) with a first schema may be adapted to work with a second API with a second schema using mappings of schema properties and a directed graph. An API call specification of the first API may receive first API schema properties as input and provide first API schema properties as outputs. The first API schema properties may be mapped to corresponding second API schema properties, such as using semantic representations of the schema properties. An implementation of an API call for the first API may be created by using the schema mappings and selecting a path from a directed graph corresponding to the second API, where the path includes a node corresponding to an API call of the second API. Computer code may be generated using nodes of the path, and the computer code may be stored for later use.

An application programming interface (API) allows computers to interact with each other. An API may be documented or defined to communicate the details of how an API may be used. For example, an API may be documented using a document that describes the API schema.
In some instances, a company may use an external API provided by another company. The company may need to use the external API in conjunction with its own internal API. Considerable effort may be required to integrate the external API with the company's internal API.

Adapting application programming interfaces with schema mappings