There is disclosed technique and apparatus for calibrating a color processing device. The technique includes the steps of comparing a first digital representation of a colored image with a second digital representation thereof and employing at least the transformation to control operation of the color processing device to be calibrated. The first digital representation defines a plurality of first non-scalar color values and the second digital representation defines a plurality of second non-scalar color values corresponding to the plurality of the first non-scalar color values, thereby to provide a transformation pairing each individual one of the first non-scalar color values with a value relatively close to the corresponding one of the second non-scalar color values. The color processing device may be calibrated generally without reference to human aesthetic judgement. There is additionally provided a method and apparatus For transforming an element off a domain of a first color printing device to an element of a domain of a second color printing device. The method comprises the steps of providing a first transformation from a first digital representation of a colored image to a second digital representation thereof and a second transformation from a third digital representation of a colored image to a fourth digital representation thereof and comparing the first transformation with the second transformation. The second transformation corresponds to the second color printing device, the first transformation corresponds to the first color printing device and the second and fourth digital representations are defined within a single color space.

Scanning methods are reviewed in R. K. Molla, Electronic Color Separation, R. K. Printing & Publishing, New York, 1988, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The principles of color are explained in G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science, Wiley & Sons, 1982, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Generally speaking, tone and color reproduction control in high quality graphic arts reproduction is still far from a science. This is particularly evident when a given acceptable result, already realized using given reproduction apparatus, is sought to be realized using other apparatus or using the same apparatus but with a different setting, such as a GCR setting relative to a normal "key black" setting. In such cases, a high degree of expertise, combined with time, effort, expense and patience is required to calibrate the additional apparatus. The results are not always satisfactory.
Unidimensional calibrations in graphic arts, in which a plurality of calibrations are carried out, each being a function of only one color, are known. State of the art techniques include gray balance correction and plotter output calibration techniques. Another example of unidimensional calibration is the automatic TCR (tone and color reproduction) correction process disclosed in published European Application 84307997.1 of Xerox Corporation (Publication number 0144188 A2).
The disadvantage of unidimensional calibrations is that they are only accurate in certain portions of the color space, since a full determination of color is multidimensional, typically having three or four components. For example, the teaching of the above-mentioned published European Application 8437997.1 is relatively inaccurate except in the area of a particular machine's primary color coordinate axes. Gray balance techniques are relatively inaccurate except for a relatively small volume of the color space, comprising gray colors only. Also, the apparatus disclosed in the above-cited published European Application 8437997.1 can be calibrated only by its own output.
Methods of computing a multidimensional function to fit a given set of vectors are known. Interpolative methods may be used if the data is suitably distributed. However the desired conditions regarding the distribution do not always hold in color processing applications, because the data is often not produced directly but rather is the end result of certain procedures (such as scanning, printing, etc.) which are performed on initial preselected data.
An article by Stone et al (Stone, M. C.; Cowan, W. B. and Beatty, J. C., "Color Gamut Mapping and the Printing of Digital Color Images", ACM Transactions on Graphics, 7(4), October 1988, 249-292) discloses use of a colorimeter in mapping a color gamut and printing digital color images, using human aesthetic judgement as a criterion. Human aesthetic judgement is not always the most relevant nor the most efficient criterion for calibrating a color processing device, particularly when it is desired to use another color processing device as a calibration reference. The use of a colorimeter as disclosed by Stone et al is typically cumbersome and time-consuming.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,919 to Schreiber discloses a system for producing color reproductions of an image in which an operator may interactively manipulate a display of the scanned image in order to introduce aesthetic, psychophysically referenced corrections therein. Schreiber teaches that it is desirable for such a system to provide automatic compensation for the effects of ink and paper while allowing the operator to input aesthetic alterations.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,954 to Fujita et al. describes a method and apparatus for creating a color conversion table between scanned colors of a color chart, typically in the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color coordinate system, and printable colors, typically in the Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (CMYK) color coordinate system, and for using the color conversion table to reproduce a selected measured color in a color specimen. If the selected measured color does not coincide with a value in the color conversion table, an interpolation step is performed.
The method of Fujita et al also includes a correction step when reproduction is performed under different printing conditions. The correction step compensates for the difference between the two printing conditions.
Image creation systems typically comprise a computer with associated graphic software for generating digital representations of color images and/or modifying digital representations of color images, and a plotter or other color output device For transforming the digital representations into analog representations. The analog representation may be created on any suitable substrate, such as on a dia. If desired, e.g. in pre-press applications, the resulting dia can be scanned.
Examples of commercially available graphic software are Photoshop, by Adobe Systems Inc., Mountainview, Calif., U.S.A., usable in conjunction with the Mac II by Apple Computer Inc., U.S.A.; and PC Paintbrush Plus, by ZSoft, San Francisco, Calif., U.S.A., usable in conjunction with the IBM PC. Examples of commercially available plotters are 4cast, by DuPont, Wilmington, Del., U.S.A., and the LVT Model 1620 digital image recorder by Light Valve Technology, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A.

Apparatus and method for color calibration


A lamp for a headlamp is provided. The lamp includes at least two light source groups each including at least one controllable light source. The light sources of one light source group are set up for emitting yellow light. The light sources of another light source group are set up for emitting at least one of white or blue light. At least the light sources of the at least two light source groups are arranged for producing light that is collectively emittable.

In conventional headlamps, standardizations may apply, such as for example standardizations by the International Technical Commission (IEC). Among them, for example, standards for a halogen lamp, for a discharge lamp, for an LED lamp, for an LED retrofit lamp (LED replacement lamp), specifically also for an "LED exchangeable light source (LED-XLS)" may be provided. Such a light source can be used, for example, for an additional light function in a vehicle, such as a fog light function, daytime running light function, low-beam function, high-beam function, tail light function, signal light function, position light function, turn light function, brake light function, accent illumination function, effect light-emitting means, and for further, non-automotive applications, e.g. as light-emitting means in projectors for effect light illumination, entertainment illumination, architainment illumination, outdoor illumination, offshore illumination, illumination for wind turbines, ambient illumination, medical and therapeutic illumination or illumination for horticulture or animal husbandry. For example, the standardization can relate to referencing and rotation locking of the light source in the headlamp (or projector) and to a light color, a luminous flux, a luminance, reliability of operation in a defined temperature range, such as from minus 40° C. to plus 125° C.
A conventional illumination device has a semiconductor light source arrangement that is arranged on a carrier, a housing for receiving the semiconductor light source arrangement, a heat sink for cooling the semiconductor light source arrangement, and an electrical connection element for supplying the semiconductor light source arrangement with energy, wherein the heat sink has a heat sink portion that is arranged in a cutout of the housing and forms a placement surface for the carrier of the semiconductor light source arrangement, wherein the heat sink furthermore has a second heat sink portion, which is arranged with an accurate fit between the housing and the electrical connection element, and wherein furthermore the electrical connection element has electrical contacts that are guided through a perforation in the placement surface and form a press fit with the carrier of the semiconductor light source arrangement. Arranged on the housing are here preferably locking elements that serve to form bayonet locking with a socket. Likewise with preference, a sealing ring is provided, which is arranged in a receptacle of the housing. In this respect, reference is also made to the disclosure of WO 2015/149 973 A1.
Another conventional illumination device has a plurality of semiconductor light sources, which are arranged on a surface of a carrier, and a common optical unit for the semiconductor light sources, which covers the semiconductor light sources, characterized in that the common optical unit is configured to be rotationally symmetric with respect to an axis of symmetry that is perpendicular to the surface of the carrier and the semiconductor light sources are arranged on the carrier symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry. The illumination device here preferably has, in addition to an assembly circuit board which serves as the carrier, inter alia a housing and a heat sink. The heat sink preferably has a hollow-cylindrically shaped heat sink portion, which is arranged in a cutout, that is to say ring opening, of the housing, and a planar placement surface for the assembly circuit board on its side facing the (first) end face of the housing. At its second end side, the ring-shaped housing preferably has a ring-shaped flange portion which protrudes radially outwardly from an outer lateral surface of the ring-shaped housing, forms a placement surface for a sealing ring and together with locking elements constitutes a ring-shaped groove for receiving the sealing ring made of silicone or rubber. The for example three locking elements are preferably arranged along the outer circumference of the ring-disk-shaped first end surface and protrude radially from the outer lateral surface of the ring-shaped housing and form a bayonet lock with correspondingly shaped counterpieces of a socket of a motor vehicle lamp. To activate the bayonet lock, the illumination device is preferably inserted into the socket of the motor vehicle lamp and subsequently rotated clockwise about the ring axis of the housing. To limit said rotational movement, a locking element preferably has a stop, which rests in the socket or installation opening of the motor vehicle lamp after the bayonet lock. The bayonet lock can be embodied with a product-specific key, such that each type of illumination device has its own key and mixups are thus avoided. The necessary contact pressure of the illumination device with respect to the socket is preferably provided by the sealing ring. The sealing ring can be formed for example in the form of an O-ring having a radially internally molded centering lip.
Yet another conventional illumination device for a motor vehicle is provided, wherein the illumination device has at least one semiconductor light source arrangement and means for regulating or controlling the supply current for the at least one semiconductor light source arrangement, wherein the means include at least one resistor element having a temperature-dependent resistance value.

Lamp with a yellow and with a white and/or blue light source group


An apparatus (24) for inserting an endless, flexible clothing (15) in or removing such a clothing from an industrial machine in which the clothing is arranged to run in an endless loop, comprising first and second units (25, 26) between which the clothing is to be fed in an advancement direction (F) essentially transversal to the run direction of the clothing in the machine. According to the invention the apparatus comprises an upstream zone (A), an intermediate zone (B) and a downstream zone (C) along the advancement direction of the clothing; and also a member (29) for bringing the units to interact in the first zone and the third zone, alternately, such that the clothing is locked between the units in the first zone and the third zone, alternately, allowing the feeding of the clothing into the upstream zone when the clothing is locked between the units in the downstream zone such that the clothing is accumulated in the intermediate zone, and allowing the feeding of the clothing accumulated in the intermediate zone into the downstream zone when the clothing is locked between the units in the first zone such that the clothing is fed out of the apparatus through the downstream zone (C).

The invention relates to an apparatus for inserting an endless, flexible clothing in or removing such a clothing from an industrial machine in which the clothing is arranged to run in an endless loop, comprising:                a first structural unit and a second structural unit being arranged opposite to each other, said apparatus being arranged to feed the clothing between the first unit and the second unit in a clothing advancement direction essentially transversal to the run direction of the clothing in the machine.
The invention also relates to an industrial machine comprising a flexible clothing running in an endless loop and such an apparatus for inserting the clothing in or removing the clothing from the machine. Such an industrial machine can for example be a paper web forming or processing machine.
The invention also relates to a method of inserting an endless, flexible clothing in or removing such a clothing from an industrial machine.
The invention also relates to the use of such an apparatus in an industrial machine, in which case the apparatus may be an integrated part of the machine or a separate mobile unit.
In this application the term "clothing" is understood to have a relatively wide meaning. In particular, the term "clothing" is understood to represent any type of relatively thin, flexible member that is intended to run in an endless loop in the industrial machine. For example, the clothing can be a felt, a fabric, a belt, e.g. a conveyor belt, a band or a wire. The clothing may alternatively be made of a plurality of flat elements interconnected to form a band. The clothing may be made of a polymer, a metal or a composite material. The clothing may be woven or non-woven. Typically, the clothing is used to support or transport some kind of product in the machine.
In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus for inserting or removing, i.e. mounting or demounting, an endless clothing in a web forming or web processing machine. In a web forming or processing machine, such as for example a papermaking machine, a tissue machine, a pulp processing machine or a paperboard making machine, the web is led through the machine by at least one clothing that runs in an endless loop over a plurality of support rolls suspended in a frame of the machine. The clothing can be a felt, a fabric, a belt, a band, a wire or any other type of thin, flexible member that is intended to carry, imprint or otherwise interact with the web during its travel through the machine. The clothing can be made of polymer, metal or composite material. The clothing can be wide and also relatively heavy. For example, a clothing in a web forming or web processing machine can be up to 10 to 12 m wide.
When mounting a clothing in a web forming or processing machine, it is possible to mount a clothing having two ends in the machine and to connect the ends of the clothing once the clothing has been fitted in the machine. Consequently, when such a clothing is used, a seam or a joint between the ends needs to be constructed, which is relatively time consuming. Furthermore, seams or joints may cause unacceptable markings in the web. Therefore, a clothing for use in a web forming or processing machine is usually prefabricated such that it forms an endless loop. When replacing such an endless clothing, which has to be done relatively often due to its wear, e.g. every 3 to 6 months in the case of forming wires and every 3 to 10 weeks in the case of press section felts, the new clothing must be mounted from the side of the machine, i.e. either from the drive side or from the tender side. Normally the tender side offers the most space for such an operation.
However, when using this kind of sideways or cross direction (CD) replacement method the obvious problem arises of getting the clothing through the frame structure in which the support rolls are suspended.
A known solution to this problem is to provide the vertical beams on the tender side of the frame with removable spacer blocks. When a clothing is to be replaced, a counter-lever system on the drive side of the frame is utilized to unload the vertical beams on the tender side. After unloading the vertical beams, the spacer blocks are removed and the clothing can then be replaced through the gaps thus formed in the frame structure. Although cantilevering is a robust solution, it is desirable to find an alternative since its implementation is space consuming and also cost demanding.
An alternative to cantilevering is disclosed in WO 2006/106178 A1 and WO 2008/129131 A1, where units comprising counter revolving bands and/or sliding surfaces are arranged in the vertical beams. When a clothing is to be passed through the beam, the clothing is fed into the nip between the bands or the sliding surfaces of the unit and is brought to the other side of the beam, either manually or by a rotational movement of at least one band of the unit. Another alternative to cantilevering is disclosed in EP 2 063 023 A2, where units comprising pulling devices are arranged in the vertical beams. When a clothing is to be passed through the beam, the clothing is fed in between the pulling devices, after which the clothing is locked between the pulling devices and the pulling devices pull the clothing through the beam.
Although the disclosed units do require very little space, the devices disclosed in WO 2006/106178 A1, WO 2008/129131 A1 and EP 2 063 023 A2 are relatively technically complicated and thus also expensive to fabricate. Furthermore, in the disclosed devices the clothing is brought through the beam while being loaded by the forces acting on the beam. In other words, the part of the clothing which is brought through the beam is subjected to the full weight of the beam. Consequently, the part of the clothing which is brought through the beam is simultaneously subjected to a shearing force due to the advancing movement of the band/sliding surface/pulling device, and to a normal force due to the weight of the beam. This is, however, an unfavourable loading condition which may damage the clothing.
One objective of the invention is to provide an improved method and an improved system which do not display these drawbacks. Another objective of the invention is to provide a method and a system which enable operators to replace a clothing in an industrial machine, and in particular in a web forming or processing machine, in a fast and easy manner without having to risk damaging the clothing.

Apparatus for inserting or removing a clothing in an industrial machine


A case including a casing body formed with an opening and a cover attached to the opening to be capable of opening and closing. The case further including a first grip tab that extends from the cover towards the opening inner side and a second grip tab that includes an anchor portion that anchors in the cover opening direction to an anchored-to portion provided to the casing body. The second grip tab disposed facing towards the first grip tab and resiliently supported by the first grip tab to be capable of approaching and moving away from the first grip tab such that an insertion portion opened in the opening direction is formed between the first grip tab and the second grip tab and such that an anchored state of the anchor portion to the anchored-to portion is released by the second grip tab moving away from the first grip tab.

An electronic device is known that is equipped with a case formed with an opening for attaching and detaching an electronic component, and with a cover that is slidably attached to the opening of the case and is formed with a claw that anchors to the case.
In such electronic devices, an electronic device is known in which an anchored state of the claw to the case is released by inserting a tool into a lock release hole formed at an outer peripheral portion of the opening and pressing the claw with the tool.


A motor driving circuit has a motor operated with a forward operation, a reverse operation, an inactivating operation, and/or a brake operation under a constant current mode, a constant voltage mode, and/or a full swing mode. The motor driving circuit also prevents usage of multiple operational amplifiers and errors brought by the usage of the multiple operational amplifiers with simple circuit designs.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention discloses a motor controlling circuit, and more particularly, to a motor controlling circuit for multiple control modes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional motor driving circuit is required to perform operations under a constant current mode, a constant voltage mode, and a full swing mode, and as a result, more operational amplifiers and power MOSFETs are required in the conventional motor driving circuit. For the conventional motor driving circuit, at least four operational amplifiers and two sets of power MOSFETs are required, so that higher complexity is introduced in designing the motor driving circuit and higher cost and area are required in the designed motor driving circuit. Besides, since the conventional motor driving circuit utilizes at least two operational amplifiers, if there are differences in specifications and dispositions between the at least two operational amplifiers, tiny errors may be introduced and accumulated under recursion between a forward mode or a reverse mode of the motor so that performance of the motor is significantly reduced as a result. Moreover, since a conventional motor driving circuit is not designed in considerations of a brake mode of the motor, the motor cannot be braked instantly as well.

Motor controlling circuit for multiple control modes


A method for supplying molten polymer and expanding agent flows to a mixing area, by dispersing the expanding agent in a polymer melt by a rapid dividing mixing in a first static mixer, holding and intensively dividingly mixing the thus obtained mixture in a second static mixer, cooling the mixture, during mixing, in a third static mixer to an intermediate temperature, cooling the mixture to a granulation temperature, extruding polymer threads and subsequently quenching and granulating them. During processing, a weight ratio between the polymer melt flow Gp and the expanding agent flow GBA ranges from 13.0 to 19.0, a temperature in the first static mixer for rapid dividing mixing is calculated according to formula (I), in the second and third static mixed according to formulas (II) and (III), respectively, wherein GBA max. is the quantity of a maximum possible expanding agent flow, GBBct. is the quantity of the used expanding agent flow at the ratio between the melt flow index and a weight average molecular mass (Mw) ranges within of (0.8-12.0)×10−5. The method of this invention makes it possible to produce polysteren in the form of expanding granules, within a wide range of molecular masses, and a shock-resistant polysterene.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to polymer chemistry, and in particular to the production of expandable polystyrene (EPS) which contain an expanding agent (EA).
2. Discussion of Related Art
EPS is capable of expansion under the effect of heating. Such heating process results in formation of porous material named polystyrene foam (PSF). PSF features a widespread application in different fields of industry. For example, PSF panels are widely used in construction for the purpose of thermal protection and sound insulation. In addition, PSF is used as all-purpose packaging material including solid wrapping and intricate profile packing for transportation of technical instruments and equipment. PSF can also be used as a shock pad under the rails and for similar applications.
Each application requires certain physical and mechanical properties of PSF. The essential physical and mechanical property is the packed density of the expanded product. Plates which are used as shock pads for the railroad and tram rails must have the packed density of a minimum of 35 kg/m3 or even better, that of a minimum of 45 kg/m3. Panels used in construction have packed density of 25 to 35 kg/m3. PSF packing materials are normally very light demonstrating packed density of 12 to 20 kg/m3. Thus, packed density of the polystyrene foam products, which are manufactured of expandable polystyrene, has the highest priority from the customer's point of view.
PSF can be produced by extrusion. In such cases, polystyrene is melted in the extruder. The EA and other additives are loaded into the hot melt and the foam product is extruded. Such an extrusion method for PSF production is known from European Patent Reference EP 0445847 A2. According to this known method, polystyrene is melted in the melting zone of an extruder. Then an EA, which is selected from the group of freons of different compositions, saturated hydrocarbons with the chain length of C2-C3, carbon dioxide or their mixture, is loaded. The polymer melt is mixed with the EA in the melting zone. Following this step, the mixture is cooled down in the cooling zone and the foam product is extruded. The surface finish of the expanded product from this method is controlled by maintaining the certain range of pressure differential between the inlet of the mixing zone and the extruder bore.
Only special grades of polystyrene having narrow molecular-weight distribution and low melt flow index (MFI g/10 minutes) can be used for production of PSF by the extrusion method. Such stringent requirements to polystyrene are due to the specific character of the extrusion based method of expansion. They limit the foam product line substantially and increase their cost. In particular, the method of extrusion essentially does not allow producing light foam products with packed density of less than 30 kg/m3. Another restriction of the extrusion method is its narrow range of products. For instance, it is possible to manufacture products only in form of film, plates, panels with a maximum thickness of 50 cm, and in sections.
If light foam products of another shape are to be manufactured, another EPS is used, which is produced by granulation polymerization of styrene including wetting out of polymer beads and EA in the polymerization step. Such granulation polymerization based method of EPS production is known, such as from one or more of the following Patent References: JP 491141, U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,967, RU 2087486 C1, FR 2725995 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,413, DE 19548311 A1, DE 19642658 A1, FR 2820427 A1. This method results in a polymer with a comparatively low molecular weight of less than 200000 and with a melt flow index of the melt of 3 and higher. This expandable suspension polystyrene is suitable for production of foam products of any shape having packed density of 25 kg/m3 and less.
However, the production of plates, or other high density products, using expandable suspension polystyrene is unreasonably costly due to the raw material consumption (EPS) and the energy required for its processing. This is unreasonable, because it is not possible to reach the same quality as that of PSF produced by method of extrusion.
Furthermore, the suspension-based method results in large amounts of effluent water to be treated. The beads of EPS produced by the above suspension-based method are featured by wide particle size distribution. However, the production of foam products uses only EPS beads of certain grain size distribution. This fact requires an additional screen sizing of beads with diameters or grain sizes of over 1.5 mm [see for example Chem.-Ing. Techn., 1996, v68, No. 10, p. 1200] as well as recycling of the end beads and powdery residues. This procedure is hindered because of presence of EA.
Another known method, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,801, for the production of beads or grains of EPS with narrow particle size distribution includes mixing the EPS and a nucleation agent. The EPS beads are produced by the suspension-based method and contain 5.9 to 7.5% (by weight) of EA. The nucleation agent is provided by a mixture of citric acid and soda, and is taken in the amount of 0.25 to 0.4 g per 1 kilogram of EPS. EPS beads and nucleation agent are mixed in the mixer and then delivered to the extruder. The polymer is melted. The polymer filaments are extruded under the temperature of between 115° C. and 125° C. and the pressure of 1800 psi to 2000 psi, and under conditions which prevent the expansion. These conditions comprise a water bath with a water temperature of approximately 22° C. (15° C. to 30° C.). In this water bath, the extruded filaments are drawn with the rate which is 1.8 times higher than the extrusion rate. The stretched filaments are cut into the polystyrene beads containing EA.
One significant disadvantage of this method is the use of polystyrene with molecular weight (Mw) of less than 200000, or of 90000 to 150000 to be exact, and with the melt flow index of the melt of 4.5 to 5.0. Another disadvantage is that the primary polymer may not contain any additives such as antistatic agents, internal lubricants, which prevent clumping of beads and the like, which limits the application of this method significantly.
The method for production of the expandable polystyrene beads is known from European Patent Reference EP 0668139 A1. According to this method, the polystyrene melt flow and the flow of EA is fed into the mixing zone. The EA is dispersed in the polymer melt by thorough shear mixing in the first static mixer. The mixture prepared as above is held under thorough shear mixing in the second static mixer. This mixture is cooled down under mixing in the third static mixer, to the intermediate temperature and then with after-cooling of the mixture, down to the temperature required for granulation. Polymer filaments are extruded by an extrusion nozzle on their shock cooling and are cut in granulate. According to this method, the polymer melt can be supplied to the static mixer both from the extruder and from the installation for the production of polystyrene by bulk polymerization. Holding the mixture with simultaneous shear mixing enables the diffusion process of the EA in the polymer melt. At the cooling stage, the polymer melt is cooled down to the temperature of approximately 120° C. At that temperature, the pressure falls down to approximately 10 MPa. At the extrusion nozzle, the pressure falls down to 1 MPa. The polymer filaments are extruded into the water bath where a temperature of approximately 10° C. is maintained. This results in the formation of EPS beads with uniform distribution of EA and of equal size.
One disadvantage of this known method is that it is suitable for the subsequent processing of only one type of polymer, such as only polymer with certain narrow molecular-weight distribution, in order to produce EPS.

Method for producing expanding styrene polymer granules


A martensitic alloy component includes by weight, 0.25% to 0.31% carbon (C), 2.1% to 3.0% manganese (Mn), 0.22% to 0.28% silicon (Si), 2.0% to 2.2% chromium (Cr), 0.45% to 0.55% molybdenum (Mo), 0.08% to 0.12% vanadium (V), and the balance is iron (Fe) and incidental impurities. The manganese-chromium martensitic alloy component has a hardenability corresponding to an ideal diameter of about 15 inches to about 30 inches or more.

Turbomachines are exposed to significant operational stresses from heat and rotational forces. As turbomachines increase their outputs, the size and required properties of the turbomachine's rotor shaft increase. Forged/hardened steel (e.g., a NiCrMoV alloy) is the material of choice for rotor shafts, and rotor shafts are typically machined out of a steel forging. The material of the rotor shaft is usually quenched-tempered high-strength low-alloy steel with critical fatigue properties. The NiCrMoV alloy currently used for these rotor shafts employ nickel, chromium, and molybdenum to provide a desirable hardenability of the alloy. Although NiCrMoV has performed well in smaller rotor shafts, it does not provide desired hardenability and fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) in larger rotor shafts. With the trend toward larger gas turbines and bigger compressor rotor components such as wheels and forward stub shafts, the current materials such as NiCrMoV steel are falling short of the desired properties, in particular deep-seated impact toughness properties. The large cross-sections of these parts make it challenging for manufacturers to meet the FATT requirements, particularly in deep seated locations where the cooling rate is the slowest during quench and temper heat treatment processes.

Martensitic alloy component and process of forming a martensitic alloy component


A transport method for transporting a long medium in a recording apparatus is performed using a transport control section. The transport control section performs, in a case where a first motor and a second motor are driven so as to transport a long sheet to the downstream side in a transport direction, prescribed processing that is different from the processing in a case where the deflection amount of the sheet becomes equal to or greater than a reference amount, in a case where the deflection amount of the sheet between a shaft member and a sending roller in the transport direction does not become equal to or greater than the reference amount.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a transport device and a transport method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a transport device and transport method which transport a long medium wound in a roll form on a shaft member so as to feed the medium while rotating the shaft member. The present invention also relates to a recording apparatus incorporating the transport device.
2. Related Art
One example of a recording apparatus which performs recording on a long medium (as one example, a long sheet) wound in a roll form on a shaft member is described in Japanese Patent Doc. JP-A-8-91658. In that apparatus, the terminus of a sheet that is used in the recording apparatus is fixed to the shaft member.
A transport device for transporting the sheet in a predetermined transport direction in the recording apparatus includes a sending roller disposed further downstream in the transport direction than a housing section where the sheet wound in a roll form is housed, and a driving motor which imparts a driving force to the sending roller. Further, a detection sensor for detecting movement of the shaft member with the sheet wound thereon is provided in the housing section.
When transporting the sheet, rotation of the sending roller is transmitted to the shaft member through the sheet, so that the shaft member rotates in a predetermined rotational direction in conjunction with the rotation of the sending roller. Then, the sheet is sent little by little from the housing section and as a result, causing the sheet to be transported to a recording area on the downstream side in the transport direction. At this time, if the sheet wound on the shaft member is almost exhausted, the shaft member, to which the terminus of the sheet is fixed, moves so as to be dragged to the transport direction side of the sheet by a driving force based on the rotation of the sending roller, which is transmitted thereto through the sheet. When such movement of the shaft member is detected by the detection sensor, it is determined that the sheet has run out, and the prescribed processing of stopping driving of the driving motor is then performed.
Incidentally, moving the shaft member so as to drag it in accordance with the sheet running-out causes a great load to act on various members such as the sending roller which is used for transporting the sheet. The driving motor that is a driving source of the sending roller. If a great load is imparted to various members in this manner, the degree of abrasion of the members becomes high, such that there is a concern that a frequency of execution of maintenance or a frequency of replacement of a component may become high. Further, a method of detecting that the roll is nearly empty is found in JP-A-8-91658, which describes a method which can be adopted in a case where the terminus of the sheet is fixed to the shaft member, but which cannot be adopted in a case where the terminus of the sheet is not fixed to the shaft member.


All modern enterprises rely completely on the continual correct execution of hardware and software resources that constitute the information technology (IT) infrastructure environment for the business. At the same time, hardware and software resources continually evolve, and the enterprise must often make changes to its infrastructure to incorporate the new or updated hardware and software resources. These changes are risky, and failure to properly execute the changes can result in infrastructure roll-backs and other failure modes that are often very disruptive to the enterprise. A guidance system for changes in infrastructure increases the likelihood of successful implementation of the changes. In some implementations, for example, the guidance system provides clear guidelines and checklists that depict success criteria, along with a scoring interface that pro-actively indicates the factors that can go wrong, and how to mitigate and plan for the factors in advance.

All modern enterprises rely completely on the continual correct execution of hardware and software resources (e.g., switches, routers, and application packages) that constitute the information technology (IT) infrastructure environment for the business. At the same time, hardware and software resources continually evolve, and the enterprise must often make changes to its infrastructure to incorporate entirely new or updated hardware and software resources. These changes are risky, and failure to properly execute the changes can result in infrastructure roll-backs and other failure modes that are often very disruptive to the enterprise.

Guidance system for enterprise infrastructure change


An inflatable element utilizing a solid or particulate laden fluid as an expansion media. A fluid component of the solid or particulate laden fluid is exhausted from a defined area of the element to leave substantially only particulate matter therein to maintain the expanded state of the seal. A method for sealing includes pumping a solid laden or a particulate laden fluid to an expandable, pressurized element. A fluid component of the solid or particulate laden fluid is removed from the expandable element with substantially solid material comprised to maintain the expanded element in the expanded condition.

During hydrocarbon exploration and production numerous different types of equipment is employed in the downhole environment. Often the particular formation or operation and parameters of the wellbore requires isolation of one or more sections of a wellbore. This is generally done with expandable tubular devices including packers which are either mechanically expanded or fluidically expanded. Fluidically expanded sealing members such as packers are known as inflatables. Traditionally, inflatables are filled with fluids that remain fluid or fluids that are chemically converted to solids such as cement or epoxy. Fluid filled inflatables although popular and effective can suffer the drawback of becoming ineffective in the event of even a small puncture or tear. Inflatables employing fluids chemically convertible to solids are also effective and popular, however, suffer the drawback that in an event of a spill significant damage can be done to the well since indeed the chemical reaction will take place, and the fluid substance will become solid regardless of where it lands. In addition, under certain circumstances during the chemical reaction between a fluid and a solid the converting material actually loses bulk volume. This must be taken into account and corrected or the inflatable element may not have sufficient pressure against the well casing or open hole formation to effectively create an annular seal. If the annular seal is not created, the inflatable element is not effective.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and apparatus for ECP element inflation utilizing solid laden fluid mixture


A semiconductor light emitting element (1) provided with an n-type semiconductor layer (140), a light emitting layer (150), a p-type semiconductor layer (160), a transparent electrode (170), a p-side electrode (300) formed on the transparent electrode, and an n-side electrode (400) formed on the n-type semiconductor layer. The p-side electrode has a p-side joining layer (310) and a p-side bonding pad electrode (320), which are laminated on the transparent electrode, and the n-side electrode has an n-side joining layer (410) and an n-side bonding pad electrode (420), which are laminated on the n-type semiconductor layer. The p-side joining layer and the n-side joining layer are configured of a mixed layer composed of TaN and Pt, and the p-side bonding pad electrode and the n-side bonding pad electrode are configured of a laminated structure composed of Pt and Au.

Recently, a GaN-based compound semiconductor has become a focus of attention as a semiconductor material for the short-wavelength light emitting element. The GaN-based compound semiconductor is formed by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (MOCVD method), a molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE method) or the like on a substrate composed of a sapphire single crystal, other various oxides or group III-V compounds.
In such a semiconductor light emitting element using the GaN-based compound semiconductor, generally, a laminated semiconductor layer having an LED structure constituted by an n-type semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer and a p-type semiconductor layer is formed on a substrate, and while a transparent electrode and an electrode pad for an external connection (p pad electrode) are formed on the p-type semiconductor layer as the top portion, another electrode pad for an external connection (n pad electrode) is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer that has been exposed by removing part of the p-type semiconductor layer and the light emitting layer by etching or the like.
As a related art disclosed in an official gazette, disclosed is a p pad electrode on the transparent electrode and an n pad electrode on the n-type nitride semiconductor layer, each of which is formed by a laminated structure composed of Au and Cr, and thereby the p pad electrode and n pad electrode have a common structure (refer to Patent Literature 1).

Semiconductor light emitting element and method for manufacturing semiconductor light emitting element


A method for producing metal oxide nanocrystals, according to the embodiment of the present invention, includes: continuously flowing, into a continuous flow path, one or a plurality of nanocrystal precursor solutions each comprising one or more nanocrystal precursors dissolved in a non-polar solvent; directing a segmenting gas into the continuous flow path to create a segmented reaction flow; flowing the segmented reaction flow into a thermal processor; heating the segmented reaction flow in the thermal processor to create a product flow; and collecting metal oxide nanocrystals from the product flow.

Nanoparticles, which may include nanocrystals, nanocrystallites, nanocrystalline materials, quantum dots, and quantum dot materials, among other classifications, are produced and used for wide ranging applications. Production of homogenous nanoparticles of similar size ensures a consistency necessary for reliable and predicable use in downstream applications. Coordinating ligands bound to the surface of the nanoparticles may provide a wide variety of properties to the nanoparticles.
The properties of the nanoparticles are highly dependent on the size and composition of the particles. For example, nanocrystals are crystalline particles with at least one dimension measuring less than 100 nanometers (nm), and may comprise single-crystals or polycrystalline materials, as opposed to amorphous, non-crystalline solids. Based on their size, structure, and composition, the nanocrystals may have unique optical properties.
Some classes of nanocrystals have electrochromic properties. The electrochromic nanocrystals are able to reversibly change their optical properties responsive to a change in particle charge (oxidation or reduction). By applying an electrochemical potential to the nanocrystals, the absorption and transmission properties of the nanocrystals change. Depending on the spectral qualities of the nanocrystal, this process may result in a visible color change.
Smart windows provide an application for electrochromic nanocrystals that may both save energy and enhance privacy. Windows may be coated with nanocrystalline materials that are transparent at a default bias and charge state. However, when the nanocrystals are electrically charged and achieve a certain bias, light may be blocked. Some electrochromic nanocrystals are spectrally specific for certain wavelengths (e.g., UV, Visible, Near-IR). However, some electrochromic nanocrystals may be capable of blocking visible light at one bias, but at a different bias are transparent to visible light, but block near-IR light. By selectively layering nanocrystals onto a glass substrate (optionally including optically transparent conductive oxide nanocrystals), the transmission of a smart window may be optimized based on time of day and/or time of year, and may further be optimized for energy efficiency and/or privacy.
As a method for producing nanocrystals, methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,531,149; 8,133,441; 8,211,388; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0269634; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0251856; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0258076; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0269269; International Patent Publication No. WO2009/092684; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0089739; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0059236; Testino, A. et al., "Continuous Polyol Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR)." Molecules 2015, 20, pp. 10566-10581; Ragappa, D. et al., "Synthesis, characterization and organic modification of copper manganese oxide nanocrystals under supercritical water." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2008, 44, pp. 441-445; and Choi, C. H. et al., "Aqueous Synthesis of Tailored ZnO Nanocrystals, Nanocrystal Assemblies, and Nanostructured Films by Physical Means Enabled by a Continuous Flow Microreactor." Crystal Growth & Design 2014, 14(9), pp. 4759-4767 are known, for example.

Method for producing metal oxide nanocrystals, method for producing multi-element oxide nanocrystals, and metal oxide nanocrystals


A new Chrysanthemum plant named ‘CIFZ0020’ particularly distinguished by the small orange-red inflorescences, strong peduncles, medium green foliage, with compact and mounded plant habit.

The present invention comprises a new Chrysanthemum, botanically known as Chrysanthemum×morifolium, and hereinafter referred to by the variety name 'CIFZ0020'.
'CIFZ0020' is a product of a planned breeding program. The new cultivar has small orange-red inflorescences, strong peduncles, medium green foliage, with compact and mounded plant habit.
'CIFZ0020' originates as a natural whole plant mutation of 'CIFZ0021', U.S. Ser. No. 13/385,260, filed Feb. 10, 2012. 'CIFZ0020' was discovered and selected by the inventor as a single flowering plant within a population of the parent cultivar in a controlled breeding program in Alva, Fla. in November 2009. The parent cultivar 'CIFZ0021' has dark pink inflorescences and a slightly faster blackcloth flowering response time.
The first act of asexual reproduction of 'CIFZ0020' was accomplished when vegetative cuttings were propagated from the initial selection in January 2010 in a controlled environment in Alva, Fla., USA.


A tension relief for supply lines and a block-like clamping part therefor, which has a lateral surface designed as a clamping surface. The clamping surface of the clamping part is formed at least in one clamping portion by an elastic wall, which is delimited on the side facing away from the clamping surface by a cavity structure, which is formed by additional walls. The clamping part can be variedly used without modification on certain line diameters, in particular in a tension relief of a cable carrier or also in a connector housing.

Generic strain relievers generally serve to fix mobile lines, for example lines guided in an energy chain, to end points in order to relieve the tensile forces on a region located therebetween.
A generic strain reliever is disclosed in the applicant's catalog, "igus Katalog e-ketten und-systeme 2015", page 1175, wherein the strain reliever is reproduced diagrammatically in FIG. 1 of the present application. The strain reliever here has a plurality of clamping parts, between which the supply lines are clamped in place. Receptacles in the form of receiving channels are incorporated into the clamping surfaces of the clamping parts, each of which channels is laboriously adapted to one very specific supply line. Each of the supply lines has to be placed individually and in succession into the receiving channel provided for it. The laborious special fabrication entailed by the necessary adaptation of the strain reliever to the supply lines desired by the customer and furthermore the matching fitting of the supply lines in the strain reliever are disadvantageous.
DE 203 05 479 U1 furthermore discloses a strain reliever with a strain-relief element to which the supply lines are fixed, for example by means of cable ties.
DE 20 2009 005 647 U1 discloses a strain reliever for a plurality of supply lines, wherein said lines are in each case individually fixed in place in the strain reliever by means of cable clamps and pressing jaws.
Further strain relievers specifically for energy chains are known from DE 2006 007 155 U1 and DE 2014 008 413 U1, which both propose elements or supports which consist of a flexible material, for example Vulkollan, foam or foam rubber as clamping parts. These clamping parts are of a monolithic plate-like construction, similar to that in the above-stated catalog, and may optionally also have semicylindrical recesses on one clamping surface for the lines to be received, each of which recesses is fabricated to the correct size for the cross-section of the line (cf. FIG. 1). These solutions are only suitable to a limited extent or involving particular effort for supply lines which vary in diameter and/or number.
In order to improve adaptation to the number and differing diameters of the lines, DE 24 17 353 proposed using an elastically deformable clamping lip of foam which has a specific cross-sectional profile, for example an Ω profile, perpendicular to the strain relief direction.
One problem addressed by the invention is that of providing a generic strain reliever or an end-fastening part with the generic strain reliever which can be produced with less effort and is universally applicable with regard to the supply lines to be fixed.

Strain relief, end fastening part having strain relief, and clamping part therefor


A method performed by a printing system is described herein. A request is provided to a user to enter data related to print quality of a mark or marks printed on a portion of a background region. The background region includes an area or areas treated with a fixer fluid applied by a printhead. A user input is received associated to the request. A misalignment of the printhead is estimated in accordance with the user input. A printing system and a tangible machine readable storage medium are also described herein.

Some printing systems form a printed image by ejecting ink from ink printheads. Thereby, ink is applied onto the print medium for printing a pattern of individual dots at particular locations of an array defined for the printing medium. The printed pattern reproduces an image on the printing medium. At least some of these printing systems are commonly referred to as inkjet printers.
A fixer fluid may be used for improving print quality of a printed pattern. In particular, a fixer fluid may address coalescence, bleed, or similar effects characterized by ink or pigment migration across a printed surface. A printing system may include a treatment printhead configured to eject a fixer fluid. The treatment printhead applies the fixer fluid by ejecting the fixer over the particular locations for ink placement. Thereby, the fixer treats ink on the print medium in order to prevent coalescence, bleed, or similar effects. The fixer fluid may be applied before, after or, quasi-simultaneously to the application of the ink.
Accurate application of the fixer fluid on the particular locations for ink placement improves print quality since, otherwise, ink on the print medium may remain untreated. Misalignment of a treatment printhead may compromise an accurate application of the fixer fluid. Therefore, methods and systems for estimating whether a treatment printhead is misaligned are desirable. Further, a misalignment estimation may be used for quantifying the misalignment of the treatment printhead and, eventually, correcting misalignment of a treatment printhead in subsequent printing.

Printing systems and methods performed by printing systems

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


The present disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing with improved powder distribution capabilities. Specifically, the methods and apparatuses of the present disclosure incorporate powder distribution vanes to improve the lateral deposition of powder from a hopper. Such methods and apparatuses have the potential to reduce powder overhead costs, mitigate associated health and environmental risks, and increase manufacturing efficiency.

Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive printing processes generally involve the buildup of one or more materials to make a net or near net shape (NNS) object, in contrast to subtractive manufacturing methods. Though "additive manufacturing" is an industry standard term (ASTM F2792), AM encompasses various manufacturing and prototyping techniques known under a variety of names, including freeform fabrication, 3D printing, rapid prototyping/tooling, etc. AM techniques are capable of fabricating complex components from a wide variety of materials. Generally, a freestanding object can be fabricated from a computer aided design (CAD) model. A particular type of AM process uses electromagnetic radiation such as a laser beam, to melt or sinter a powdered material, creating a solid three-dimensional object.
An example of an apparatus for AM using a powdered build material is shown in FIG. 1A. The apparatus 140 builds objects or portions of objects, for example, the object 152, in a layer-by-layer manner by sintering or melting a powder material (not shown) using an energy beam 170 generated by a source 150, which can be, for example, a laser for producing a laser beam, or a filament that emits electrons when a current flows through it. The powder to be melted by the energy beam is supplied by a powder reservoir (not shown) or by a powder hopper (not shown) attached to a recoater mechanism, such as recoater arm 146, and spread evenly over a powder bed 142 using a recoater arm 146 traveling in the y-direction to maintain the powder at a level 148 and remove excess powder material extending above the powder level 148 to waste container 158. The energy beam 170 sinters or melts a cross sectional layer of the object being built under control of an irradiation emission directing device, such as a laser galvo scanner 162. The galvo scanner 162 may comprise, for example, a plurality of movable mirrors or scanning lenses. The speed at which the energy beam is scanned is a critical controllable process parameter, impacting the quantity of energy delivered to a particular spot. Typical energy beam scan speeds are on the order of 10 to 1000 millimeters per second. The build platform 144 is lowered and another layer of powder is spread over the powder bed and object being built, followed by successive melting/sintering of the powder by the laser 150. The powder layer is typically, for example, 10 to 100 microns in thickness. The process is repeated until the object 152 is completely built up from the melted/sintered powder material. The energy beam 170 may be controlled by a computer system including a processor and a memory (not shown). The computer system may determine a scan pattern for each layer and control energy beam 170 to irradiate the powder material according to the scan pattern. After fabrication of the object 152 is complete, various post-processing procedures may be applied to the object 152. Post-processing procedures include removal of excess powder by, for example, blowing or vacuuming. Other post processing procedures include a stress relief heat treat process. Additionally, thermal and chemical post processing procedures can be used to finish the object 152.
Conventional methods and apparatuses may have a powder hopper (not shown) attached to the top of recoater arm 146, as shown in FIG. 1B. The recoater arm 146 may contain a plurality of slits 168, which in conventional apparatuses are vertical, thus allowing powder flow in substantially only the vertical direction, i.e., direction 167. Subsequent motion of the recoater arm 146 in the positive y-direction then spreads or coats the powder on the build surface, e.g., build plate 144 or the last completed layer of object 152. As a result, large amounts of powder may be necessary in order to achieve an even powder coat across the build platform; an even coat across, e.g., a DMLM platform is key for part quality. Machine modifications may require powder to be distributed further than originally designed, and these effects can result in a lack of powder at the edges of the plate. For example, powder distribution systems can be hindered by the effects of chamber pressurization and powder dynamics. Furthermore, there may be environmental and health hazards associated with large quantities of powdered build materials, not to mention increased manufacturing costs. Accordingly, there is a need to maximize the efficiency of powder deposition apparatuses.
Conventional recoater arms 146 have a first end 165 and a second end 166, which can be configured to attach to support arms, such as support arm 169 (FIG. 1C), at either end of the recoater arm 146. First end 165 and second end 166 may be opposite ends of the recoater arm 146. Support arm 169 may itself contain support substructures such as those shown in FIG. 1C, such as to accommodate, at attachment point 171, first end 165 of a recoater arm 146, which then runs the length 172 to another support arm 169 at the second end 166 of the recoater arm 146. For example, Support arm 169 may have a curved surface as it approaches attachment point 171, with a narrower width in the y-direction surrounding attachment point 171. The narrower y-direction width surrounding attachment point 171 may limit the size of recoater arm 146 that can be accommodated (at least the size in the y-direction) and, in turn, the dimensions of the powder hopper that can be accommodated by recoater arm 146. The more limited the size of the powder hopper that can be accommodated, the greater the number of powder hoppers that will be necessary to build a given part; for manufacturing of large objects or parts, the need to keep cycling in a new powder hopper can drastically prolong production time. Accordingly, there is a need to be able to accommodate larger powder hoppers at a time.


A radio frequency positioning system is described that determines identity and positional data of numerous objects. The system includes a plurality of spread spectrum radio transceivers where at least one transceiver is positioned on each of the numerous objects. At least three spread spectrum radio transceivers transmit to and receive signals from the plurality of radio transceivers. A signal processor is coupled to the spread spectrum radio transceivers and determines the identity and the positional data of the objects.

Prior art object tracking systems are known in the art. Many prior art tracking systems use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the three-dimensional position and velocity of an object. GPS is a network of 24 satellites and a dozen ground stations. Signals from four or more satellites are used to obtain the three-dimensional position and velocity of the object. GPS generally has a 100 meter ranging error for civil users and a 15 meter ranging error for military users, but these errors can be reduced by sophisticated error correction algorithms.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,518 describes a player positioning and distance finding system that uses GPS. The system includes a mobile interface unit that has a memory element, position interface electronics, a data processor, and a player interface. The memory element stores digitized map representations of playing fields. The position interface electronics receives position indicative signals that are representative of a geographical location of the mobile unit from the GPS. The data processor couples to the memory element and to the position interface electronics and correlates the geographical location to a field location of the mobile interface unit on the playing field. The processor also determines the distance from the mobile interface unit to a first landmark. The player interface is coupled to the data processor and communicates the distance between the mobile interface unit and the first landmark to the player.
Other tracking systems use a localized RF system. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,513,854 describes a process and a hardware system that allows real time automatic acquisition of a multitude of parameters which describe the physical activity of the athletes as well as a graphical representation of the parameters. Real time acquisition of the instantaneous position of every person on a game field is accomplished by use of a miniaturized radio frequency transmitter carried by the person and a set of at least three radio frequency goniometric receivers which determine the direction from which the transmitters transmit. A digital processor uses triangulation methods to determine the position of the transmitters.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,660,039 describes another tracking system that uses a localized RF system. This patent is directed to a system for locating a sport object. The user carries a radio frequency transmitter, and the sport object has a conductive stripe. The conductive strip has an effective length of one-quarter wavelengths at the signal frequency so that it increases the load on the transmitter as it moves closer to the sport object.
Several other RF tracking systems use coding techniques to identify the objects being tracked. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,106 describes a golf course ranging and direction-finding system that uses spread-spectrum radio location techniques. The system employs a spread-spectrum based radio location system to determine distance and direction between a golfer and key locations on a golf course. A plurality of timing reference transmitters are located throughout the vicinity of the golf course. The transmitters broadcast a spread-spectrum ranging signal consisting of a radio-frequency carrier directly modulated by a periodic pseudo-noise (PN) coded or similar sequence. Each transmitter broadcasts at the same RF signal but a unique PN-coded sequence is assigned to each transmitter. Golfers are provided with the hand-held receiving unit which receives the transmitter spread-spectrum signals and which synchronizes to the spread-spectrum signals in order to obtain range estimates to a selected set of reference transmitters.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,321 is directed to a location system for tracking miners underground. The system includes a number of identification stations connected to a central control station. Miners are issued portable identification modules which are fitted to their caplamps and are powered by their battery packs. The identification modules transmit unique identification signals that are received by the identification stations.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,450,070 is directed to an electronic missing file locator system that includes a transmitter to selectively transmit packets of radio frequency cycles indicative of the coded address of a particular folder. A transponder is attached to the folder and receives the transmission and responds thereto by producing an audible sound which enables the field to be easily located.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,123 is directed to a system for monitoring patient location and data. The system includes a transmitter associated with each patient that includes sensors operative to monitor vital signs of the patient. The transmitter transmits an allocated RF frequency which is particularly associated with that patient. A series of antennas are incorporated in a building, each antenna having its own signature signal. As the patient moves throughout the building, the antennas pick up the signals from the patient's transmitter and combines the antenna signature signal with the transmitted patient signal. This combined signal is then analyzed at a central location to determine the exact location of the patient due to the antenna signature signal which is modulated on the transmitted patient signal. Transmitted patient data is also decoded at the central station to provide a signal indicative of the vital signs of the patient.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,581,257 is directed to a radio frequency automatic identification system that detects targets. The system includes a plurality of radio frequency resonators. Information is attributed to the target in accordance with the radio frequency response characteristics of the target, such as the resonant frequencies of resonators present, and/or the spatial locations within the target of the resonators. Readers for use in the system read the radio frequency response characteristics of a target in the near field of a radiating aperture which is illuminated by a radio frequency source. Items which may be encoded with radio frequency readable information include documents, credit cards, and computer diskettes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,517 is directed to a multi-path resistant frequency-hopped spread spectrum mobile location system. The frequency-hopped spread spectrum mobile vehicle or person location system consists of a central station, a plurality of base stations and a plurality of mobile transmitters which transmit using a frequency-hopped spread-spectrum differential bi-phase shift keying communication signal. Each of the plurality of base stations includes an array of receiving dipole antennas and employs a special algorithms for retrieving very low power frequency-hopped spread spectrum signals in a noisy and multi-path environment. The base stations use computational algorithms for determining the phase difference between each of the receiving dipole antennas to determine the direction of the transmitter relative to the location of the respective base station. The multiple directions of arrival angles of the received signal at each base station are corrected based on an n-dimensional ambiguity space to locate the most probable angles of arrival.
The prior art local area tracking systems have several limitations. For example, GPS based systems can not easily obtain centimeter accuracy. Also, GPS systems cannot be used indoors and may not work in urban or canyon environments. GPS and other prior art tracking systems have relatively slow update rates and, therefore, are not suitable for video application. Many prior art tracking systems require one or more highly precise clocks that are expensive and physically large. Also, many prior art tracking systems are not scaleable. In addition, prior art tracking systems do not employ transceivers capable of receiving instructions to transmit certain data at certain times.

Local area multiple object tracking system


A memory stores area specifying data for controlling a switch in the path of a signal of a first image in order to replace a portion of a first video signal with another signal (second video signal or the like). The control data of the memory can be obtained by converting a video signal, derived by use of a video camera, into a binary signal by a binary-coding circuit. In this case, a subject photographed by the video camera is a sheet of white rectangular paper on which an area edged or surrounded by a boarder line is specified, for example. In order to create the above area specifying data by photographing the subject on which the edged or surrounded area is specified, an edge counter, an odd/even number detection circuit, a flip-flop circuit, an AND circuit and a delay circuit are provided. That is, when an edge signal is supplied, the edge counter counts the edge signal and the odd/even number detection circuit and determines whether the counted value is odd or even. Then, the flip-flop circuit can produce a signal corresponding to the area specified by the subject between the odd numbered edge signal to the even numbered edge signal. As a result, the above area specifying data can be obtained from the AND circuit.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an area specifying signal generation device using an output signal from a video camera.
2. Description of the Related Art
A camera-integrated type VTR which has a video camera and a video tape recorder formed integrally with each other is known in the art. The camera-integrated type VTR has a function called a title insert.
When the title insert function is effected, the camera-integrated type VTR is set into the title photographing mode at the first stage. In this state, if a subject (white rectangular paper) on which the title is previously drawn is set in the visual field of the camera and photographed, an image signal thus obtained is converted in a digital signal and stored in a memory. When the camera-integrated type VTR is changed from the ordinary photographing mode to the title insertion mode at the second stage, an area specifying signal which specifies an area corresponding to the title portion is read out from the memory. The area specifying signal controls a switch provided in the signal path for a video signal derived by the current photographing operation so as to convert portions of the video signal corresponding to the title into a black or white level. As a result portions of the video signal derived by the current photographing operation are replaced by the title letters at the black level, thus permitting the title to be inserted into the video signal.
The title insert function permits a picture elimination process to be effected. The picture elimination process is to replace portions of the video signal currently produced by a black level signal, for example. In order to effect the process, the camera-integrated type VTR is first set into the title photographing mode. Then, a subject having a portion previously painted black is photographed and then an area specifying signal specifying the black level area is stored in the memory. After this, when the camera-integrated type VTR is changed from the ordinary photographing mode to the title insertion mode, the area specifying signal specifying the black level area is read out from the memory. The area specifying signal controls a switch provided in the signal path for a video signal derived by the current photographing operation so as to convert portions of the video signal into a black or white level signal. As a result, portions of the image signal are fully replaced by the black or white level signal, thus causing the picture to be selectively removed.
With the conventional camera-integrated type VTR described above, for example, a sheet of white rectangular paper is prepared in order to store elimination data into the memory. The white paper is set in the visual field of the camera and a partial area of the paper to be subjected to the picture elimination process is painted black. The paper thus painted is photographed by the camera-integrated type VTR set in the title photographing mode. Then, the black-painted portion is photographed so as to produce black level data which is in turn stored into the memory.
As described above, in the conventional system, it is necessary to paint a partial area of the white paper corresponding to the picture elimination area black in order to store black level data for picture elimination into the memory. For this reason, the user must paint a larger area black as the picture elimination area becomes larger. Such an operation is extremely troublesome for the user.

Area specifying signal generation device using output video signal from video camera


Using a ¼ inch end mill a grid pattern of one inch squares or lands separated by concave troughs or grooves 0.025 inches deep is milled on to the surface of a one quarter inch thick magnesium plate. A conductive barrier such as a titanium foil is then laid over the magnesium plate, and is then pressed into the pattern with a one inch thick 80 durometer rubber sheet. Pressure of 250 pounds per square inch is then applied to the rubber to create indentations in the foil creating the same pattern as the one on the magnesium plate. The foil is then removed. An electrically conductive adhesive is then screen printed on the magnesium lands only, avoiding the grooves. The titanium foil is oriented to the pattern on the magnesium plate and mated to the magnesium plate by applying 200 pounds per square inch of pressure.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrochemical electrodes, and more specifically to a method of fabricating a magnesium titanium bipolar electrode.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
There continues to be a need for energy sources with a high energy density. In particular, there is a need for high energy density energy sources that can power unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs). Such energy sources when used to power such vehicles are required to have an energy density greater than 400 Wh kg−1. They also need to have long endurance and quiet operation. Additionally, they must be relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly, safe to operate, reusable, capable of a long shelf life and not prone to spontaneous chemical or electrochemical discharge.
The zinc silver oxide (Zn/AgO) electrochemical couple has served as a benchmark energy source (at 100 Wh kg−1) for undersea applications. Because of its low energy density, however, it is not suitable for unmanned undersea vehicles whose energy density requirements are four times those of the Zn/AgO electrochemical couple.
In an effort to fabricate power sources for unmanned undersea vehicle with increased energy density (over zinc-based power sources), research has been directed towards semi fuel cells (as one of several high energy density power sources being considered). Semi fuel cells normally consist of a metal anode, such as magnesium (Mg) and a catholyte such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To achieve high energy, a multi-cell stack of semi fuel cells is required. This necessitates the use of bipolar electrodes. The electro-active components of a bipolar electrode are a catalyst cathode of palladium iridium on a substrate for the fast electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide, electrically connected to a metal anode such as magnesium. Both halves of the bipolar electrode should be as physically close together as possible, while at the same time isolating the catalyst cathode and metal anode for the other's electrolyte. In order to accomplish isolation of the cathode and anode from the other's electrolyte, the bipolar electrode requires a chemically inert, nonporous, electronically conductive barrier between the metal anode and the catalyst cathode. One suitable material for such a barrier would be titanium metal. A titanium barrier would need to be in electrical contact with the catalyst cathode and the magnesium anode. Unfortunately, titanium and magnesium react differently under extreme thermal conditions making it difficult to bond a titanium barrier to a magnesium anode in such a way as to maintain electrical contact between the two surfaces over high temperatures for long durations. What is needed is a method of fabricating a magnesium-titanium template for a bipolar electrode such that the titanium barrier and the magnesium anode maintain electrical contact between the two surfaces under all operating conditions.

Fabrication of magnesium-titanium template for a magnesium hydrogen peroxide fuel cell

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A dispenser with a transfer head includes a feeding roller placed within a case provided with an opening, and supporting a transfer tape T so as to be capable of being fed; a take-up roller for taking up a base material tape that has been used to transfer; a transfer roller for transferring a transfer agent; an interlocking mechanism for rotating the feeding roller and the take-up roller in an interlocking manner; a holding member provided on the opening side in a front/back direction so as to be capable of moving forward and backward; and a rotational frame for supporting the feeding roller, the take-up roller and the transfer roller, wherein when a pressing force is applied to the case while the holding member abuts against a surface to be transferred P, the transfer head is relatively projected, and moved on the surface P with pressing thereto so that the transfer agent can be transferred.

Dispensers with a transfer head are known which are provided with a transfer tape so as to be capable of being fed and taken-up, the transfer tape providing with an adhesive or a coating film for correction on a band-like base material tape, and configured to place the transfer head including a transfer roller and the like on its feeding path, wherein the dispensers with a transfer head may transfer a transfer agent by a predetermined operation with the transfer head pressed on a paper surface.
There are the following aspects in which the transfer agent is transferred on a paper surface: in one aspect, the transfer head is moved along a paper surface while pressed on the paper surface to perform a transfer along the direction of such movement; and in another aspect, the transfer head is pressed on a paper surface in the same manner as stamping to partially perform a transfer. Patent Document 1 discloses the dispenser whose aspect may be selected from these aspects.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-203691


A housing encloses a pair of stripping wheel assemblies adustably mounted for rotation about a central axis on a rotatable frame which is driven by a motor. Each stripping wheel assembly includes an abrasive or stripping wheel positioned to abrade the surface of a wire inserted along the central axis. In one arrangement each stripping wheel assembly comprises a pair of bearing blocks which mount the stripping wheel to be driven via a pair of spur gears. The drive gear is affixed to a drive roller which is driven by rolling contact with the transverse inner surface of the end of the housing. In another arrangement, the stripping wheels are mounted on the same shafts as their respective drive gears which are rotated by engagement with a series of pins mounted in a circle and contacted in succession by the drive gears as the assemblies revolve about the central axis. The stripping wheel assemblies are adjustable radially inward or outward to accommodate different wire sizes. An alternative embodiment has a hollow central shaft mounting a pulley which is coupled to be driven an offset motor. This latter arrangement includes actuators for retracting and extending the stripping assemblies at appropriate points so that wire may be continuously fed through the device while the stripping of selected portions thereof is accomplished in a step-and-repeat operation.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to wire stripping apparatus and, more particularly, to such apparatus utilizing rotating abrasive wheels for removing insulating coating from electrical conductor wire.
2. Description of the Related Art.
Magnet wire, transformer wire, etc. is commonly coated with a varnish insulation. This must be removed at the ends of the wire to permit solderable interconnections. Some of these wires are extremely fine, as small as about 0.003 inches in diameter. Removal of the insulation is sometimes difficult with known wire stripping apparatus. The wire may be dipped in a chemical etchant, but that is unacceptable in many instances because of the potentially corrosive residue which may remain on the wire.
Insulating coatings other than varnish may comprise materials of enamel, plastic, nylon, woven glass, Teflon, P.V.C., neoprene, rubber, polyamide and the like. Stationary strippers for such insulation are known which have a wire guide into which the wire may be inserted for stripping contact between the two oppositely rotating abrading wheels. Similar devices are used which have rotating brushes, rather than abrading wheels, to accomplish the stripping of insulation.
However, in those devices which are known, the pivot axes of the abrading wheels or brushes are fixed so that the wire is only stripped along two surfaces 180 degrees apart. The wire must be manually rotated in devices of this type in order to be able to strip the insulation all the way around the wire. This is sometimes difficult to accomplish without damaging the wire, particularly where the wire is extremely fine or ductile.
The Giertsen et al U.S. Pat. No. 2,008,276 discloses a telephone plug cleaning machine with a bore for receiving a telephone plug along a central axis. The contacting surfaces of the telephone messaging plug are cleaned by engaging the plug with the peripheral or effective surfaces of two sets of closely spaced abrasives-bearing rubber disks which are moved in a planetary movement through the operation of a supportable rotatable frame connected to a motor and a gearing mechanism. The direction of application of the abrading action is transverse to the axis of the plug. Such apparatus is unsuitable for stripping insulation from wires of the type to which the present invention is directed.
Freitag in U.S. Pat. No. 2,887,702 discloses a wire cleaning apparatus utilizing rotatable wire brushes. The apparatus includes a motor coupled through a gear train to a pair of brushes which are manually adjustable to vary the spacing between the brushes. A guard housing surrounds the brushes and includes an opening which serves as a guide for wire to be positioned between the cleaning brushes.
The Carpenter et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,385,140 relates to apparatus stripping insulation from multi-conductor cable having conductors disposed in side-by-side relation and in a common plane. Such cable is sometimes referred to as ribbon cable. A pair of fiberglass insulation stripping wheels are mounted in positions to admit the flat cable between them. The wheels are driven so that adjacent peripheral elements of the wheels move in opposite directions to oppose the stripping forces exerted upon the opposite sides of the cable as it is inserted between the wheels for insulation stripping.
What is needed is a small, hand-held wire stripping device for use in conjunction with production line operations. The device should be able to strip extremely fine and/or ductile wires about the entire circumference of the wire end quickly and easily in one simple operation without damaging the wire.


The die cast metallic door handle adapted for attachment on the vehicle door has a molded plastic insert attached thereto on the face thereof facing toward the vehicle so that a user gripping the door handle places his fingers against the molded plastic insert to insulate his fingers from the temperature of the metallic handle. In addition, a molded plastic push button assembly including a molded plastic housing and a molded plastic push button are attached to the metallic handle so that the user's thumb pushes against the molded plastic push button instead of a metallic handle. In addition, the push button assembly has the molded plastic push button slidably guided on a pin which is encircled by a spring acting to position the push button. The push button assembly may be preassembled prior to its attachment to the handle so that push button assembly may be pretested prior to attachment to the handle.

It is well known in motor vehicles to provide a door handle assembly gripped by the user to open the vehicle door. Such a door handle assembly includes a push button which is depressed by the user and suitably coupled to a door latch so that depressing the push button releases the door latch.
Push button door handles are conventionally of metallic die cast construction and are typically painted or chrome plated to enhance the appearance of the vehicle. A disadvantage of such metallic door handles is that the user may experience some discomfort in gripping the metallic door handle because the handle is affected by high temperature and low temperature extremes.


A cooling system for cooling tool parts. The system includes at least one base system including a fluid guided from a fluid inlet through connector lines to a fluid outlet. The tool parts are connected in the direction of through-flow between at least one connector line connected to the fluid inlet and at least one connected to the fluid outlet, wherein, between the at least one connector line connected to the fluid inlet and the at least one connector line connected to the fluid outlet, at least one additional connector line and tool parts which are in flow communication therewith are placed in between such that, on its flow path, the fluid flows through at least two tool parts one after the other.

The invention relates to a cooling system for cooling tool parts with the aid of a fluid guided from a fluid inlet through connector lines to a fluid outlet, the tool parts being connected in the direction of through-flow between at least one connector line connected to the fluid inlet and at least one connected to the fluid outlet.
EP-B2-0 283 644 discloses an injection moulding machine which has an injection moulding plate with cavities and a core plate with projecting cores, the number of cores corresponding to the number of cavities. As the moulding plate on the one hand and the core plate on the other move towards one another, the cores engage in the cavities and, in the closed position, form between them the injection mould cavity in which a hollow parison made of synthetic material is shaped by an injection moulding procedure. These parisons, which are in particular made of PET, are later used to make the known PET bottles by blow moulding (PET is polyethylene terephthalate). After the injection moulding, the parisons have to be cooled sufficiently so that they can be processed after the injection moulding procedure without damaging them.
The cooling is carried out in the known injection moulding machines on tubes which are secured to a carrier plate and through which a fluid, in practice cooling water, flows, hence cooling them.
So that it is possible to cool a large number of tool parts, for example tubes or cores, at the same time in as compact a machine as possible, carrier plates with a plurality of tubes secured thereto and with fluid lines running in the carrier plate have been developed. The cooling water is guided for the whole carrier plate, in parallel and more or less simultaneously, from the fluid inlet to the tubes, through which it flows as the relevant tool parts. After that the cooling water, which has been heated up to a certain extent, is guided out through a fluid outlet.
The known cooling system has the features mentioned at the outset, which are also reproduced in the precharacterising clause of the main Claim 1.
The known cooling system suffers from considerable disadvantages, however. Although the cooling lines in the individual tool parts, for example the cores, each have a small cross-section taken by themselves, with a large number of cores through which there is flow simultaneously the individual line cross-sections add up to a considerable size. If we take as an example a known fluid inlet having a diameter of 2.54 cm, then around 2000 mm2 is available as the inlet surface area. The same applies to the fluid outlet. In the case of a 48x core plate, on the other hand, the corresponding cross-sections through which there is flow provide a total surface area of 3770 mm2. This large surface area of consumption is provided with only the small above-mentioned cross-sectional surface area at the fluid inlet. The surface area to be provided to the cores is thus approximately twice the incoming surface area available for the cooling fluid. This means that there is a sharp fall-off in pressure from the fluid inlet to the outlet, and in the region of the cores there is hardly any turbulence because of the consequently lower flow rates of the fluid. In the absence of turbulence, however, the cooling effect drops drastically as well. At the same time, if the core plate contains the connector lines it may disadvantageously clog up, because impurities settle and are not washed away, as a result of the slow flow and the low pressure in the fluid lines. The heat transfer between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is reduced, a further disadvantage.
For a cavity plate, the attempt has already been made to lessen these disadvantages and to increase fluid turbulence, by blocking the possibility of a fluid flowing through to a certain extent as a result of interruptions, in a construction used within the operation. This results in dividing into two a previously single line, and hence making two flow paths out of the originally single flow path. This earlier attempt at a solution relates to a mould plate of a specific shape, however, in which the cooling system is divided into complete sections by providing the interruptions, blocks or barriers in the individual connector lines.

Cooling system for the cooling of tool pieces


Network assistance is provided for the streaming of multi-segment data from a data source (12) to a streaming client (54) in a network. The network assistance for multi-segment data streaming may be carried out in an automated manner by the respective devices. The systems and methods include new functions that allow for more efficient handling of data segments that make up a data stream. The network assistance for multi-segment streaming may improve, for example, virtual reality (VR) streaming performance.

In a network, such as a cellular or mobile network, a client may receive streaming data content that includes multiple data segments. Each data segment may correspond to data which represents a period of time for the streaming data. Further, multiple segments available at the streaming data source may represent the same period of time, but may represent different versions of the content for the given time period. A client requesting segments from the video source may request multiple segments to be transmitted via the network. Hence, the data stream from the source to the client may consist of multiple segments being transmitted simultaneously or at least in close connection to each other. Transmitting each data segment in the network requires a portion of the available system capacity even though some segments may be more important than others based on the needs of the client.
Exemplary problems that arise with such a multi-segment data stream can be seen in the implementation of a virtual reality (VR) data stream. One problem is that the VR stream can contain multiple segments representing the same time period, but having different importance depending on a user's field of view. In this situation, a low priority VR stream segment would potentially use valuable bandwidth that would be more effectively utilized with a higher priority segment. This may lead to stalling of media playback in the users field of view and dissatisfaction in the viewer experience. It will be appreciated that other issues and technical implementation challenges may be addressed by the disclosed techniques. There exists a need to improve multi-segment data streaming through a cellular or mobile network.

Network assistance functions for virtual reality dyanmic streaming


A loop powered process instrument comprises a control circuit measuring a process variable and developing a control signal representing the process variable. An output circuit for connection to a two-wire process loop controls current on the loop in accordance with the control signal. A power supply circuit is connected to the output circuit and the control circuit for receiving power from the two-wire process loop and supplying power to the control circuit. The power supply comprises cascaded charge pump circuits.

Process control systems require the accurate measurement of process variables. Typically, a primary element senses the value of a process variable and a transmitter develops an output having a value that varies as a function of the process variable. For example, a level transmitter includes a primary element for sensing level and a circuit for developing an electrical signal proportional to sensed level.
An electrical transmitter must be connected to an electrical power source to operate. One form of such a transmitter, known as a four-wire transmitter, includes two terminals for connection to a power source and two terminals for carrying an output signal proportional to the process variable. This signal can be used as an input to a controller or for purposes of indication. Because the instrument is connected directly to a power source independent from the output signal, power consumption is a less critical factor in design and use of the same.
The use of a four-wire transmitter, as discussed above, requires the use of four conductors between the transmitter and related loop control and power components. Where transmitters are remotely located, such a requirement can be undesirable owing to the significant cost of cabling. To avoid this problem, instrument manufacturers have strived to develop devices known as two-wire, or loop powered, transmitters. A two-wire transmitter includes two terminals connected to a remote power source. The transmitter loop current, drawn from the power source, is proportional to the process variable. A typical instrument operates off of a 24 volt DC source and varies the signal current in the loop between four and twenty milliamps (mA) DC. Because of these operating requirements the design of the transmitter in terms of power consumption is critical. For example, when a low level signal of four milliamps is transmitted, there is minimal power available to be consumed by the instrument. Therefore, circuits must be designed to operate off of such minimal available power.
While low power circuits are continuously developed, there are ever increasing demands placed on performance capabilities of the process control instruments. For example, with a radar level measurement device, the instrument's performance is enhanced by more powerful digital signal processing techniques driven by a microcontroller. In addition to the microcontroller, there are several other circuits, such as the radar transceiver, which require electric power. To be successful, the design must use optimum processing capability and speed. This means making maximum power from the loop available to the electronics, and making efficient use of it.
Another important concept in industrial processes is that of intrinsic safety. Much industrial equipment is installed in so-called "hazardous locations" meaning that the environment of the installation includes volatile and/or combustible material that burn or explode if exposed to an ignition source. An intrinsic-safe design, in general, requires that the circuit not have energy storage elements that can create sufficient ignition energy. This places a design restriction on the electronics; namely, the circuit design must avoid the use of large values of inductance or capacitance. If large energy storage elements are used, then the instrument must use explosion proof enclosures or encapsulation of components.
The present invention is directed to solving one or more of the problems discussed above in a novel and simple manner.

Loop powered process control instrument power supply