The present invention discloses a method, an apparatus and a system for a mobile terminal to remotely control a television. The method includes: obtaining widget coding information of a widget included in a current GUI of a television; sending a graph reproduction control command to a mobile terminal wirelessly connected to the television, where the graph reproduction control command includes the widget coding information used for instructing the mobile terminal to generate a control interface including a widget corresponding to the widget coding information; receiving input event information sent by the mobile terminal, where the input event information includes operation object information and operation instruction information that are captured by the mobile terminal in the control interface; and determining a target widget in the current GUI of the television according to the operation object information, and performing an operation corresponding to the operation instruction information on the target widget.

Currently, cell phones are very widely used. If a television can be remotely controlled through a cell phone, it may become very convenient for a user to use. The prior art enables communication between a cell phone and a set top box of a television. The set top box sends, to the cell phone, program information of an electronic program guide (Electronic Program Guide, EPG for short) sent by a radio broadcast network. The user browses the program information through a screen of the cell phone, selects a favorite program from the program information, and sends a selection result to the set top box through the cell phone. The set top box switches to a corresponding frequency point according to the selection result, descrambles and decodes a program at the frequency point, and outputs the content of the program to the television, so as to display the content of the program through the television.
However, the prior art can only implement long-distance control of the program information about the EPG between the cell phone and the television. As the television implements increasingly diverse functions, for example, some televisions may implement functions of applications such as web page access through a browser, television menus, and television games, and because these applications correspond to complex graphic television interfaces and involve a large amount of data, these graphic television interfaces cannot be operated and controlled by the cell phone by using the prior art.

Method, apparatus and system for mobile terminal to remotely control television


A cooking utensil handling device is provided. The device comprises a covering body that defines a receiving space, an opening to the receiving space adapted for insertion of a hand of a user, a first aperture in communication with the receiving space and adapted for extension of a first portion of a utensil therethrough, and a second aperture in communication with the receiving space and adapted for extension of a second portion of the utensil therethrough. The receiving space is adapted to receive a handling portion of the cooking utensil such that the handling portion of the cooking utensil can be grasped by the hand of the user within the receiving space. The covering body comprises a flexible intermediate portion disposed between the first aperture and the second aperture.

While handling food during cooking there may be a risk of burn injury. With a conventional cooking utensil (e.g. tongs or a cooking fork), injury may occur to the hand due to oil splatter and exposure to radiant heat, or indeed direct flame. Although a conventional cooking glove may be worn, manual dexterity and sensibility of the hand may be compromised, rendering precise handling difficult.
The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practice.


A toolholder includes a support having an insert seat for receiving a cutting insert. The cutting insert is brought into engagement with a workpiece to remove a chip of metal from the workpiece. The toolholder includes fluid chip-breaking means for directing a stream of high velocity fluid at the chip being removed from the workpiece to break the chip into small segments. The direction of the fluid stream can be adjusted so that a single tool can be used perform a variety of cuts while optimizing the effectiveness of the fluid chip-breaking stream for each cut.

Metal work cutting tools generally include a disposable cutting insert and a toolholder adapted to firmly hold the cutting insert. The cutting insert is brought into contact with a metal workpiece while the workpiece is rotated to remove a chip from the workpiece. There is a tendency for removed chips to form long, continuous strands rather than break into small segments. These long strands spiral and cause hot metal liberated from the workpiece to remain in contact with the cutting insert for a longer duration and often tangle up with the workpiece or the toolholder. If the strand tangles up with the workpiece or the toolholder, the operation must be halted so that the strand may be manually broken. As most metal working operations are intended to operate nearly automatically, this is a very undesirable and expensive task. Furthermore, the life of a cutting insert, generally being formed from carbide steel or a similar metal, is heavily dependent upon operation temperature. Under normal conditions, the cutting insert is exposed to intense heat generated in cutting chips from the workpiece. This heat is significantly increased when hot metal chips remain in contact with the cutting insert for an extended duration as they do when the chips form continuous strands.
The need to break chips to avoid stranding is well understood and recognized in the metal working industry. A great deal of design and experimentation has been devoted to the development of efficient and effective means for breaking chips. For example, some inserts are designed with integrally formed chip-breakers. Such chip-breakers usually comprise an obstruction in the path of the chip for deflecting and curling the chip. By bending the chip to the limit of its ductility, the chip breaks into small segments.
Another method of chip-breaking is to direct a high velocity stream of coolant at the chip. The stream bends the chip and cools it, making it more brittle. This combination of effects causes the chips to break off into smaller segments rather than form long strands. The coolant also serves to cool the cutting insert thereby extending its operational life.
Methods have been developed for directing a high velocity fluid stream at the cutting insert which use an external fluid line attached to the toolholder. Often, several tools will be used to work on a single workpiece, necessitating changing of the toolholders. The additional steps of disconnecting and reconnecting the external fluid line significantly decrease the speed and efficiency of toolholder replacement.
A tool assembly disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,955,264, has been developed which obviates the need for an external fluid line. This tool assembly includes a coolant passage formed in the toolholder and a cap having a constricted outlet attached to the outlet of the passageway. While this apparatus solves the problem of conventional tool assemblies, it has a significant limitation. Often a single tool assembly may be used to make several different cuts on a workpiece. These different cuts may be at different depths, angles, and/or directions. As a result, different portions of the cutting insert contact the workpiece and the removed chips differ in character. For different cuts, it is desirable to alter the direction of the high velocity coolant stream to provide optimal flow across the insert and against the chip. In the described design, the direction of the coolant stream may only be altered by changing caps, each cap outlet having a particular angle of inclination to the cutting insert.
Therefore, there is a need for conveniently and efficiently adjusting the direction of the high velocity coolant stream from a coolant supply system forming an integral part of a toolholder.

Chip-breaking toolholder with adjustable orifice cap


Described herein are architectures, platforms and methods for dynamic re-distribution of magnetic fields in a device during near field communication (NFC) related functions or transactions and/or wireless charging.

Typical wireless communication and power transfer schemes in use today employ inductive coupling between a resonant primary coil antenna and a resonant secondary coil antenna. For example, wireless communication includes near field communications (NFC) related functions or Europay, MasterCard and Visa (EMVCo) based contactless payment and wireless charging. A common issue seen in these systems is a non-uniform nature of induced voltage in the secondary coil antenna as it is moved with various x-y offsets at a fixed distance z from the primary coil antenna. Moreover, the nature of the non-uniformity is a function of the size of the secondary coil antenna relative to the primary coil antenna.
It is noted that the above non-uniformity may be particularly pronounced when the primary and the secondary coil antennas are identical in size and geometry. This configuration leads to a high degree of coupling between the coils antennas, leading to a splitting of modes (in the frequency domain), where the resonant frequencies of the combined coupling coil antennas are different from the resonant frequency of the individual coil antenna, which happens to be the driving frequency of signal in the primary coil antenna.
The non-uniformity further results in an unpredictable user experience and is best exemplified in contactless credit card reading performance. For example, the contactless credit card may have coil strips or coil antenna that cover a) all area of the card, b) half area of the card, or c) quarter area of the card. In addition, the center of the embedded coil strips in the credit card typically does not coincide with a geometric center of the credit card making it hard for the user to find the best location to tap at a reader and elicit a response.
The user's difficulty is also reflected in the challenge faced in passing EMVCo Contactless Payment Certification by reading a diverse set of representative cards at various orientations and positions. Failing to read the cards at any of the defined positions/orientations results in a certification failure. Hence, the certification is gated by the performance at the worst location in the operating volume. Therefore, having a very high field at one point, followed by a point with a weak field nearby is undesirable.
In wireless charging scenario, there is also a need to carefully align a wireless charging device on the charging mat so as to maximize the power transfer. Therefore, there is a need for a design to provide the same level of coupling over a wide x-y area for a given coupling secondary coil antenna.

Antenna configuration for dynamic re-distribution of magnetic fields


Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating a condition, disease, or disorder associated with abnormal activation of the SREBP pathway, including metabolic disorders such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) wherein the compound is according to Formula (I).

Metabolic syndrome comprises many cardiovascular risk factors that, occurring together, increase a person's risk of diseases like heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These risk factors include hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, high blood sugar, pancreatic (β-cell dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. In addition, increasing evidence show a strong link between metabolic syndrome and a variety of cancers including, breast, liver, and prostate (Gabitova et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2014, 20(1), 28). Disturbing the balance between energy expenditure and food intake, in addition to predisposing genetic factors, can result in pathological conditions, diseases, or disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Targeting metabolic pathways, especially those that are related to lipid and fat metabolism, has been used to develop drugs against these diseases (Padwal et al. Lancet 2007, 369(9555), 71). Although pharmacological intervention against individual abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome is possible, it would be of great advantage to target multiple metabolic pathways by lowering lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol), in addition to controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.
One of the major consequences of metabolic syndrome and obesity in particular is the development of NAFLD. NAFLD is a condition that is caused by excess of fat accumulation in the liver of patients without a history of alcohol abuse. NAFLD is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has been increasing worldwide in line with the epidemic increase in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia (Takahashi Y, Fukusato T. Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov. 14; 20(42):15539-48). NAFLD can be a simple steatosis (triglyceride accumulation in liver) due to shift in de novo fatty acid metabolism to net lipogenesis from lipolysis, or the more serious nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is considered the major chronic liver disease, with serious damage to liver such as interlobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning and fibrosis and it may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Schreuder et al. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14(16), 2474). It is estimated that 15% of the adult population in the US have NAFLD and about 3-4% suffer from NASH (Ekstedt et al. Hepatology 2006, 44(4), 865). Currently treatment for NASH is limited to substantial weight loss by methods such as bariatric surgery, insulin sensitizing agents and Vitamin E supplements, in addition to life style modification by diet and exercise.
Another risk factor associated with metabolic syndrome is the development of diabetes mellitus where dyslipidemia, including high levels of LDL cholesterol, is very common in these patients. These patients are at very high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies including genetic studies support the notion that high levels of LDL are casually implicated in coronary artery disease and that lowering LDL cholesterol reduces the risk of cardiovascular events (Ajufo et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 May; 4(5):436-46). At the genetic level, familial hypercholesterolemia, a mendelian disorder caused by mutations in LDL Receptor (LDLR) and other genes in LDL-Receptor pathways is associated with high levels of LDL and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Kolansky et al. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Dec. 1; 102(11):1438-43). One of the known genes that was linked to familial hypercholesterolemia is the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK 9) which is secreted by hepatocytes (Urban et al. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013 Oct. 15; 62(16):1401-8). It was shown that gain of function in PCSK 9 caused high level of LDL and increased cardiovascular events (Abifadel M et al. Nat Genet. 2003 June; 34(2):154-6). On the other hand patients with mutations in this gene had very low level of LDL suggesting that PCSK9 is potential therapeutic target for reducing LDL cholesterol (Cohen et al. Nat Genet. 2005 February; 37(2):161-5).
Animals, including humans, rely on fat and carbohydrate as their major energy sources required to sustain their activity needs. A diet varying in fat or carbohydrate contents contributes to energy metabolism of animals including humans. Long chain fatty acids are major sources of energy and important components of the lipids that comprise the cellular membranes. They are derived from food and synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA. Hence, acetyl-CoA is an intermediate that interrelates glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and is converted to malonyl-CoA by the rate limiting enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The synthesis of fatty acids by fatty acid synthase (FAS) requires acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH. Malonyl-CoA is the C2 donor in the de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids (C14-C18) and very long chain fatty acids (C20-C26).
Cholesterol is derived from food and synthesized from acetyl-CoA. The conversion of carbohydrates into acyl glycerides through de novo fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis involves at least 12 and 23 enzymatic reactions, respectively. Expression levels of the genes encoding these enzymes are controlled by three transcription factors, designated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), SREBP-1a, -1c, and SREBP-2. SREBPs are membrane-bound proteins and are members of a class of the basic helix-loop-helix leucin zipper family of transcription factors. Unlike other leucin zipper members of transcription factors, SREBPs are synthesized as ER-membrane-bound precursors, which need to be proteolytically released by two proteases bound to the Golgi membrane, Site-1 and Site-2 proteases, to generate active forms, nSREBPs, that activate transcription of target genes in the nucleus (DeBose-Boyd et al. Cell 1999, 99 (7), 703; Sakai et al. Cell 1996, 85, 1037). The proteolytic activation of SREBPs is tightly regulated by sterols that are known to induce the interaction of the SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) with the ER membrane-bound insulin-induced gene (INSIG), thereby inhibiting the exit of the SREBP/SCAP complex from the ER (Yabe et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99(20), 12753; Yang et al., Cell 2002, 110, 489-500). When sterols accumulate in the ER membranes, the SCAP/SREBP complex fails to exit the ER to the Golgi apparatus, and the proteolytic processing of SREBPs is suppressed. Thus, SREBPs are key lipogenic transcription factors that govern the homeostasis of fat metabolism. Interestingly, SREBP isoforms-1a and -1c have some overlap in target genes, yet they have distinct roles in lipid metabolism (Eberle et al. Biochimie 2004, 86 (11), 839).
Recently, numerous studies have shown that SREBPs integrate several cell signals to regulate lipogenesis and other pathways important for diseases such as type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer and the immune response (Shao W and Espenshade P J. Cell Metab. 2012, 16, 414). In addition, studies in animal models and humans suggested a strong correlation between upregulation of SREBPs and SREBP-1c in particular and the pathogenesis of these diseases and reducing the activity of SREBPs may be beneficial to treat these diseases and ameliorate their complications (Zhao et al. Diabetes 2014, (63) 2464). In addition to life style treatment, individual drugs have been developed to treat these diseases that associated with the metabolic syndrome. The central role of SREBPs in the regulation of lipids and their potential role as a major player in several diseases raised the possibility of novel approaches to treat several risk factors with one drug (Soyal et al. Trends Pharmacol Sciences 2015, 36, 406).
Recently, several studies have provided proof of concept for the efficacy of small molecules targeting transcriptional SREBPs activity to treat several components of metabolic syndrome. Betulin, a pentacyclic triterpene that naturally occurs in birch bark, decreased the level of the mature active form of both SREBP-1 and 2 in a human liver Huh-7 cell line, resulting in down regulation of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis (Tang et al. Cell Metabol. 2011, 13, 44). These authors presented evidence showing that betulin directly interacts with SCAP. Mice that were fed western diet, which induces obesity, fatty liver and dyslipidemia, and treated with betulin had lower weight gain, and accumulated less fat without affecting food intake (Tang et al. Cell Metabol. 2011, 13, 44). In addition, the treated mice had lower triglycerides, cholesterol plasma glucose and improved insulin sensitivity. These metabolic improvements were reflected in reduced levels of hepatic SREBP and its target genes.
Major hallmarks of tumor cells are over expression and increased metabolic activities such as glucose consumption, protein and nucleic acid synthesis and increased de novo fatty acid synthesis (Menendez, J. A., and Lupu, R. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2007, 7, 763). It has been shown that, contrary to normal cells, various tumor cells are very active in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, irrespective of the extracellular lipids, and that de novo fatty acids accounted for all fatty acid esterification in the tumor cells (Medes et al. Cancer Research 1953, 13, 27.) Pharmacological and RNAi knockdown approaches against ACC and FAS have been reported (Brusselmans et al. Cancer Research 2005, 65, 6719-6725; Kuhajda et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000, 97, 3450-3454; Menendez, et al. Int J Cancer 2005, 115, 19-35). These studies showed, that inhibiting these enzymes, induced growth inhibition and an apoptotic effect against breast and prostate cancer cells. In this regard, SREBP-1 and 2 as master regulators of lipid biosynthesis play a major role in tumor growth. In support of the role of SREBP in cancer, several studies have shown that inhibition of SREBP activation using RNAi and a small molecule resulted in significant growth inhibition. On the other hand it was recently reported that glucose-mediated N-glycolsylation of SCAP resulted in its stabilization and activation of SREBP-1 to promote tumor growth in glioblastoma (Cheng et al. 2015). These findings suggest that targeting the SCAP/SREBP complex is a promising approach for treating cancer and metabolic diseases.
Fatostatin is a diarylthiazole small molecule and is the first non-cholesterol molecule that acts on the translocation of SREBPs from the ER to the Golgi, hence affecting the downregulation of the major players in lipid metabolism, including triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Kamisuki et al. Chem. Biol. 2009, 16, 882-92; Kamisuki et al. J. Med. Chem. 2011 54, 4923). Fatostatin derivatives such as FGH10019 bind specifically to SCAP at a distinct site from the sterol-binding domain. As a result of FGH10019 action, SREBPs are retained in the ER, blocking their transportation to the Golgi apparatus, where they are processed by proteases to produce the nuclear active form bHLH. Recently several studies showed that fatostatin derivatives inhibited cell growth in cells and animal models for breast and prostate cancer, thus is validating the potential use of these compounds to treat cancer (Li et al. Mol. Cancer. Ther. 2014, 13(4), 855; Li et al. Oncotarget. 2015, 6(38), 41018).
However, while fatostatin could provide an important starting point for providing small molecules for new pharmacological interventions to combat metabolic diseases, it has liabilities which may preclude its use as a drug. Thus, small molecules with improved drug-like qualities are needed.

Di-substituted pyrazole compounds for the treatment of diseases


A method of providing a wireless extension to a wired protocol for transferring data to and from a field device operating in a process control environment via a wired connection, wherein the wired protocol and the wireless extension to the wired protocol have at least one protocol layer in common includes associating a unique address consistent with an addressing scheme of the wired protocol with each of a plurality of wireless devices operating in the process control environment and forming a wireless network, such that a data packet is routed between two of the plurality of wireless devices based on the unique address; associating a network identifier with the plurality of wireless devices; forming, for each of the plurality of wireless devices, a global address including the respective unique address and the network identifier in accordance with a second addressing scheme; and providing access to an external host operating outside the wireless network to each of the plurality of wireless devices based on the global address associated with the wireless device specified at the external host.

In the process control industry, it is known to use standardized communication protocols to enable devices made by different manufacturers to communicate with one another in an easy to use and implement manner. One such well known communication standard used in the process control industry is the Highway Addressable Remote Transmitter (HART) Communication Foundation protocol, referred to generally as the HART® protocol. Generally speaking, the HART® protocol supports a combined digital and analog signal on a dedicated wire or set of wires, in which on-line process signals (such as control signals, sensor measurements, etc.) are provided as an analog current signal (e.g., ranging from 4 to 20 milliamps) and in which other signals, such as device data, requests for device data, configuration data, alarm and event data, etc., are provided as digital signals superimposed or multiplexed onto the same wire or set of wires as the analog signal. However, the HART protocol currently requires the use of dedicated, hardwired communication lines, resulting in significant wiring needs within a process plant.
There has been a move, in the past number of years, to incorporate wireless technology into various industries including, in some limited manners, the process control industry. However, there are significant hurdles in the process control industry that limit the full scale incorporation, acceptance and use of wireless technology. In particular, the process control industry requires a completely reliable process control network because loss of signals can result in the loss of control of a plant, leading to catastrophic consequences, including explosions, the release of deadly chemicals or gases, etc. For example, Tapperson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,334 discloses the use of a wireless communications in the process control industry as a secondary or backup communication path or for use in sending non-critical or redundant communication signals. Moreover, there have been many advances in the use of wireless communication systems in general that may be applicable to the process control industry, but which have not yet been applied to the process control industry in a manner that allows or provides a reliable, and in some instances completely wireless, communication network within a process plant. U.S. Patent Application Publication Numbers 2005/0213612, 2006/0029060 and 2006/0029061 for example disclose various aspects of wireless communication technology related to a general wireless communication system.
Similar to wired communications, wireless communication protocols are expected to provide efficient, reliable and secure methods of exchanging information. Of course, much of the methodology developed to address these concerns on wired networks does not apply to wireless communications because of the shared and open nature of the medium. Further, in addition to the typical objectives behind a wired communication protocol, wireless protocols face other requirements with respect to the issues of interference and co-existence of several networks that use the same part of the radio frequency spectrum. Moreover, some wireless networks operate in the part of the spectrum that is unlicensed, or open to the public. Therefore, protocols servicing such networks must be capable of detecting and resolving issues related to frequency (channel) contention, radio resource sharing and negotiation, etc.
In the process control industry, developers of wireless communication protocols face additional challenges, such as achieving backward compatibility with wired devices, supporting previous wired versions of a protocol, providing transition services to devices retrofitted with wireless communicators, and providing routing techniques which can ensure both reliability and efficiency. Meanwhile, there remains a wide number of process control applications in which there are few, if any, in-place measurements. Currently these applications rely on observed measurements (e.g. water level is rising) or inspection (e.g. period maintenance of air conditioning unit, pump, fan, etc) to discover abnormal situations. In order to take action, operators frequently require face-to-face discussions. Many of these applications could be greatly simplified if measurement and control devices were utilized. However, current measurement devices usually require power, communications infrastructure, configuration, and support infrastructure which simply is not available.

Efficient addressing in wireless hart protocol


An illuminating optical system includes: a substantially rectangular-shaped light source that includes a light emitting surface with a split pattern formed thereat by a splitting line, the splitting line extending along a predetermined direction and splitting the light emitting surface into a plurality of separate areas; an illumination-target member that includes a rectangular radiation-target area; and an optical member in that condenses light departing the light emitting surface and radiates the condensed light toward the radiation-target area, wherein: an extent of uneven illumination attributable to an image of the split pattern at the light emitting surface of the light source, formed at the illumination-target member, is reduced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an illuminating optical system and a projector device.
2. Description of Related Art
An image may be displayed on a screen or the like by a projector device known in the related art that radiates light originating from an illuminating optical system equipped with a light source constituted with a light emitting diode (LED) or the like onto a display element such as a reflective liquid crystal element (LCOS) or a micro-mirror device. For instance, Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication No. 2009-217060 teaches a projector device that condenses light from a light source through a lens with a free curved surface so as to reshape the section of the light into a rectangle and radiates the condensed light onto a reflective liquid crystal element (LCOS).

Illuminating optical system and projector device


The invention relates to a new class of luminescent substances (phosphorous) based on an universally dopable matrix made of an amorphous, at the most partially crystalline network of the elements P, Si, B, Al and N, preferably the composition Si3B3N7. Optical excitation and emission can be varied in this system over the entire practically relevant field by incorporation of any cationic activators, alone or in combination, but also by incorporation of oxygen as anionic component. This opens up the entire spectrum of use of luminescent substances, such as illumination systems or electronic screens.

The invention relates to a novel class of luminophores (phosphors) based on a universally dopable matrix composed of an amorphous, at most partly crystalline network composed of the elements P, Si, B, Al and N, preferably of the composition Si3B3N7. Optical excitation and emission in this system can be varied over the entire practically relevant range by incorporating any cationic activators, individually or in combination, but also by incorporating oxygen as an anionic component. This opens up the entire spectrum of application for luminophores, for instance for illumination systems or electronic visual display units.

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V.


A graphene-containing coating film includes at least one hydrate represented by Chemical Formula 1 as described herein, a graphene positioned in a shape on the surface of the hydrate represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a silica particle positioned on the surface of the hydrate of Chemical Formula 1 and positioned on the surface of the graphene in a shape of discontinuous island. Particularly, the silica particle includes agglomeration of a plurality of silica nanoparticles. A method of preparing the graphene-containing coating film and a vehicle part such as a head lamp including the same are also provided.

Graphene oxide (or graphite oxide, hereinafter GO) is a sheet-shaped carbon material prepared by acid treating graphite, and has a large amount of a hydrophilic functional group such as a carboxyl group (—COOH), a hydroxyl group (—OH), and the like on the surface. The surface oxidizing groups produced through an acid treatment process spontanesouly produce hydrogen-bonds with H2O molecules, and thus the GO can be prepared in a form of a hydration or in a water-containing slurry state. In general, a solid concentration of the slurry is of about 2 to 8 wt % unless otherwise specifically treated.
When the GO is appropriately included in a film or a structure, strength thereof may be improved and suitable thermal conductivity may be provided, but treatment of the contained moisture may hinder properties.
In general, GO may be prepared in a form of graphene through a chemical reduction method (a hydrazine treatment and the like) and a thermal reduction method. Herein, reduced graphene is particularly referred to as reduced graphene oxide (RGO).
It is evidenced that a part of the oxidizing groups on the RGO surface is not sufficiently removed. Generally, oxygen content of the surface oxidizing groups is less than or equal to about 5 wt % relative to a carbon backbone, and thus graphene (RGO) of the present invention has an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 5 wt % because of the surface oxidizing groups relative to a carbon backbone.
A heterogeneous mixture of GO, and RGO and a conventional material has recently evoked active interest, and this may improve synergic effects between materials exceeding a limit of the conventional material. The heterogeneous mixture may be used in a high strength composite material and a fuel cell. In certain examples, a graphene-nanowire (semiconductor) hybrid structure where light energy is absorbed in a graphene conductive part and electron-hole pairs are generated (KR 10-2012-0092431 A), a hybrid composite manufacturing method including graphene sheet/carbon nanotube/a polymer nanoparticle (KR 10-2012-0053399 A), a method of manufacturing a positive electrode graphene material for a lithium rechargeable battery that is a hybrid material formed by adding an Fe precursor and a PO4 precursor (KR 10-2012-0035659 A), a method of manufacturing a graphene composite calcinated body having an excellent charge and discharge ratio by sintering graphene and a metal oxide particle in air (U.S. Pat. No. 8,257,867), a method of manufacturing a graphene-TiO2 hybrid material by mixing a TiO2 nanopowder with graphene at a high temperature and high pressure and reacting them (US 2012-0149554 A), a method of manufacturing a graphene ceramic composite (KR 2012-0039799A, and KR 2013-0014327A), and the like have been explored.
In addition, Publication Laid-open KR 10-2012-0039799 discloses a technology of improving coating properties of graphene itself by directly chemically bonding a ceramic precursor with a carboxyl group (—COOH) on the edge of GO to improve dispersion. For example, the graphene itself is coated on the edge of the GO through a chemical bond and may induce high electrical conductivity. However, the coating may be weak, since there is no binder between the GO and the coated graphene layer. Publication Laid-open KR10-2013-0014327 also discloses a method of making a graphene composite by mixing a salt type (e.g., chloride) ceramic precursor with graphene or a graphene oxide and then, calcinating the mixture at a high temperature. However, when the ceramic and the graphene have a directly chemical bond, the sheet-shaped structure of the graphene itself is broken, and the graphene may lose inherent properties.
This problem becomes severe, particularly when the ceramic is oxide, since a carbon component in the graphene is bonded with an oxygen component in the ceramic and released as gas such as CO and CO2, leaving a carbon residue as a particle. When an oxide ceramic precursor or oxide ceramic sol is calcinated with graphene, there is a similar problem to the above.
In addition, when graphene is reacted at a low temperature that the graphene has no reaction with oxygen without calcination in order to reduce the problem, there is a stripping problem due to severe deterioration of an interface bond between oxide ceramic and graphene. In other words, hydrophobicity of the graphene may resist against hydrophilicity of the ceramic.
In general, when a ceramic film is formed by coating ceramic sol and gelating it, the film may be destroyed due to evaporation of a solvent and an osmotic pressure during the drying. Meanwhile, when graphene is used to form a hybrid film, the hybrid film including the graphene in an appropriate concentration is actually difficult to form due to diffusion of the graphene into a solvent and prevention of drying (non-uniform drying since a graphene layer is positioned on the surface and prevents movement and diffusion of the solvent).
The hybrid film has difficulty in terms of commercial availability, since the graphene is hardly dispersed layer by layer in a solid-phase matrix to realize properties of a graphene-containing composite. In addition, a specific process example has not been provided yet.
Accordingly, in order to solve the problems, a method of reducing a metal precursor at room temperature to powder it and platting and sputtering graphene to manufacture composite powder or a composite layer has been suggested, and another method of using a polymer resin in an entire amount to avoid the fundamental problem of a ceramic composite is mostly used.
However, the above graphene composite materials are not sufficiently dispersed, and the polymer resin also has a drawback of sharply deteriorating thermal conductivity of the graphene and durability of the film.

Graphene-containing coating film, and method for preparing the same

Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology


An electromagnetic braking system and control method, with the system having a CCU, a braking cylinder, a push rod, an electromagnetic braking ring, an electromagnetic braking piston fixed to the push rod, a first shading plate and a second shading plate, a photoelectric sensor fixed near the push rod, and an electromagnetic braking control circuit, and the control method including following the steps: initial estimating of the braking distance (l) according to the current magnitude, electromagnetic force between the two electromagnetic coils and initial velocity (v) of the push rod, arranging a restoration distance (Δl) between the top dead center and the piston after braking, installing two shading plates and the photoelectric sensor; and setting the distance between the two electromagnetic coils to when the starts braking.

The rapid compressor provides a fundamental experimental platform to simulate the combustion engine working process and fuel combustion. The process of the rapid compressor simulates a single compression stroke of the combustion engine is as follows: pushing the compression piston by external force, instantaneously compressing the premixed gas in the combustion chamber to reach a high temperature and high pressure thermodynamic state, and then stopping the compression piston by the braking system to maintain the premixed gas in the combustion cylinder in a high temperature and high pressure thermodynamic equilibrium state. By studying the combustion state of the in-cylinder mixture at the top dead center (hereinafter referred to as TDC) of the piston of the rapid compressor, the in-cylinder combustion process under different thermodynamic conditions of the combustion engine can be obtained indirectly. Compared with combustion engines, the rapid compressor has a simple structure, so that a single compression stroke and a combustion process of the combustion engine can be studied without being affected by the complicated influencing factors. In addition, the rapid compressor can also change the structure of the combustion chamber more conveniently so as to simulate the abnormal combustion phenomenon, such as the knocking of the combustion engine, greatly reducing the development cost of the combustion engine.
Traditional rapid compressors rely on pneumatic drive, using hydraulic or mechanical braking. However, there are some defects in these two methods. For example, the hydraulic braking method is highly dependent on the working conditions, which commonly causes the piston rebound so as to change the thermodynamic state in the cylinder, affecting the ignition delay time and combustion phase; whereas the mechanical braking method works better than the hydraulic braking method, but there are mechanical wear and impact problems that affect the mechanical structure and personal safety. To overcome the above problems, a rapid compressor and control method based on electromagnetic braking is proposed, which provides an efficient, stable and safe operation for rapid compressors over a wide range of operating conditions.
Therefore, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the art to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.

Electromagnetic braking system and control method for rapid compression machine


A limiting plate of a road paver is detachably attached to a traverse or to a chassis of the road paver to increase the basic working width. The limiting plate is arranged with variable spacing to a subgrade. In order to prevent a mix from flowing forwards in a direction of travel and at the same time improve the efficiency of a screw conveyor, in which a geometrically defined screw trough is formed, a limiting plate extension is arranged on the limiting plate so that it can be adjusted, particularly in the direction of the subgrade.

A road paver is used for paving bound and unbound mixes for producing paved areas, in particular roads. It is possible that a certain basic working width of the road paver can be increased by laterally mounted screw conveyors. The corresponding screw conveyors or screw extensions are mounted with limiting plates. Such limiting plates are mounted in the direction of travel in front of a corresponding screw shaft on a screw conveyor frame part or directly on the chassis of the road paver. Together with a paving screed, they form a so-called screw trough. The limiting plates require a minimum distance to the ground or subgrade to avoid collisions with it. For larger paving thicknesses, the distance between the limiting plates and the subgrade is increased by adjusting the screw or chassis height.
With such well-known limiting plates on the road paver, it is possible for mix to flow forward from a screw space below the limiting plates in the direction of travel of the road paver. There this mix can cool down and thus worsen the paving result in the corresponding production of paved areas.


Methods, systems and computer program products are provided for evaluating performance of a network that supports packetized communications. A network test protocol that is associated with the packetized communication is initiated and network performance data is obtained based on the initiated network test protocol. An overall network quality rating is generated based on the obtained performance data and a network impairment indicator is calculated based on the overall network quality rating.

Companies are often dependent on mission-critical network applications to stay productive and competitive. To achieve this, information technology (IT) organizations preferably provide reliable application performance on a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week basis. One known approach to network performance testing to aid in this task is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,237 ("the 237 patent") entitled Methods, Systems and Computer Program Products for Test Scenario Based Communications Network Performance Testing, which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety. As described in the '237 patent, a test scenario simulating actual applications communication traffic on the network is defined. The test scenario may specify a plurality of endpoint node pairs on the network that are to execute respective test scripts to generate active traffic on the network. Various performance characteristics are measured while the test is executing. The resultant data may be provided to a console node, coupled to the network, which may also initiate execution of the test scenario by the various endpoint nodes. The endpoint nodes may execute the tests as application level programs on existing endpoint nodes of a network to be tested, thereby using the actual protocol stacks of such devices without reliance on the application programs available on the endpoints.
One application area of particular interest currently is in the use of a computer network to support voice communications. More particularly, packetized voice communications are now available using data communication networks, such as the Internet and intranets, to support voice communications typically handled in the past over a conventional switched telecommunications network (such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN)). Calls over a data network typically rely on codec hardware and/or software for voice digitization so as to provide the packetized voice communications. However, unlike conventional data communications, user perception of call quality for voice communications is typically based on their experience with the PSTN, not with their previous computer type application experiences. As a result, the types of network evaluation supported by the various approaches to network testing described above are limited in their ability to model user satisfaction for this unique application.
A variety of different approaches have been used in the past to provide a voice quality score for voice communications. The conventional measure from the analog telephone experience is the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) described in ITU-T recommendation P.800 available from the International Telecommunications Union. In general, the MOS is derived from the results of humans listening and grading what they hear from the perspective of listening quality and listening effort. A Mean Opinion Score ranges from a low of 1.0 to a high of 5.0.
The MOS approach is beneficial in that it characterizes what humans think at a given time based on a received voice signal. However, human MOS data may be expensive and time consuming to gather and, given its subjective nature, may not be easily repeatable. The need for humans to participate as evaluators in a test every time updated information is desired along with the need for a voice over IP (VoIP) equipment setup for each such test contribute to these limitations of the conventional human MOS approach. Such advance arrangements for measurements may limit when and where the measurements can be obtained. Human MOS is also generally not well suited to tuning type operations that may benefit from simple, frequent measurements. Human MOS may also be insensitive to small changes in performance, such as those used for tuning network performance by determining whether or not an incremental performance change following a network change was an improvement.
Objective approaches include the perceptual speech quality measure (PSQM) described in ITU-T recommendation P.861, the perceptual analysis measurement system (PAMS) described by British Telecom, the measuring normalized blocks (MNB) measure described in ITU-T P.861 and the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) described in ITU-T recommendation P.862. Finally, the E-model, which describes an "R-value" measure, is described in ITU-T recommendation G.107. The PSQM, PAMS and PESQ approaches typically compare analog input signals to output signals that may require specialized hardware and real analog signal measurements.
From a network perspective, evaluation for voice communications may differ from conventional data standards, particularly as throughput and/or response time may not be the critical measures. A VoIP phone call generally consists of two flows, one in each direction. Such a call typically does not need much bandwidth. However, the quality of a call, how it sounds, generally depends on three things: the one-way delay from end to end, how many packets are lost and whether that loss is in bursts, and the variation in arrival times, herein referred to as jitter.
In light of these differences, it may be desirable to determine if a network is even capable of supporting VoIP before deployment of such a capability. If the initial evaluation indicates that performance will be unsatisfactory or that existing traffic will be disrupted, it would be helpful to determine what to change in the network architecture to provide an improvement in performance for both VoIP and the existing communications traffic. As the impact of changes to various network components may not be predictable, thus requiring empirical test results, it would also be desirable to provide a repeatable means for iteratively testing a network to isolate the impact of individual changes to the network configuration.
However, the various voice evaluation approaches discussed above do not generally factor in human perception, acoustics or the environment effectively in a manner corresponding to human perception of voice quality. Such approaches also typically do not measure in two directions at the same time, thus, they may not properly characterize the two flows of a VoIP call, one in each direction. These approaches also do not typically scale to multiple simultaneous calls or evaluate changes during a call, as compared with a single result characterizing the entire call. Of these models, only the E-model is generally network based in that it may take into account network attributes, such as codec, jitter buffer, delay and packet loss and model how these affect call quality scores.
An approach for testing network performance is discussed in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/951,050, filed on Sep. 11, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference as if set forth herein in its entirety. This patent application, entitled Methods, Systems and Computer Program Products for Packetized Voice Network Evaluation, addresses many of the shortcomings of the existing approaches discussed above. However, improved methods of assessing network performance as well as methods of presenting performance results to a customer or user may be desirable.

Methods, systems and computer program products for assessing network quality


A forward-facing child restraint and a child restraint system providing superior collision protection. The restraint and the system are for use in a vehicle having a lap belt and a shoulder belt. The child restraint system comprises a restraint which may be used with a booster seat, independently of a booster seat or associated with a booster seat.

Automobile seatbelts, like airbags, were designed for adults. Infant carriers and car seats protect infants and children up to approximately four years.
At four a child has outgrown her car seat, but use of an adult seatbelt alone can produce life-threatening abdominal and spinal injuries.
The current solution for children 4 to 10 year of age is the belt-positioning booster seat. It elevates the child to position the adult seatbelts to mimic their paths across the body of an adult, with the lap seatbelt passing across the spine on either side of the child's pelvis.
The technique has resulted in a preoccupation with the static fit of the lap seatbelt, disregarding the unlikelihood the static belt fit will be preserved in a collision.
The most egregious aspect of the preoccupation with static fit is the failure to protect the child against the lap seatbelt itself.
In a collision the lap seatbelt can slip over the child's pelvis, allowing her to slip forward and 'submarine' under the belt, with the brunt of the collision forces focused on the narrow band of seatbelt across her vulnerable abdomen. She is thus at risk of lap seatbelt-inflicted internal trauma including the evisceration of internal organs and the stretching and permanent rupture of the spinal cord due to the bending of the lumbar spine about the seatbelt acting as a fulcrum.
Proof of the relative ineffectiveness of belt-positioning booster seats is provided by a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) study published in July 2010 which reported a 14-percent reduction in overall injuries for children in booster seats relative to children in adult seatbelts alone.
This modest statistical margin of safety is largely due to increased use of the shoulder belt rather than any inherent quality of the belt-positioning booster seat itself. It is offset by a large increase in the incidence of head injuries with use of the belt-positioning booster seat due to the child's seating position being both elevated and advanced in order to achieve a proper 'static' belt fit.
Our understanding of the mechanics of automobile collisions has evolved over the thirty years since the invention of the booster seat, and passenger vehicles have gone from having a body on a rigid frame to a unibody construction, designed to absorb the energy of a collision by a progressive collapse.
To be most effective, restraints must exploit this advance in automotive design and couple passengers to the vehicle as tightly as possible to 'ride down' a crash with the vehicle to maximize the benefit of its energy-absorbing capacity.
The benefit is lost to the extent to which the passengers are free to move in a collision in advance of their own impact with either the lap seatbelt or the interior of the vehicle, whether it is due to the design of the restraint, its interaction with the vehicle interior or its misuse. Excessive free movement in a collision is an inevitable by-product of the design of the belt positioning booster seat.
By both elevating and advancing the child, the belt positioning booster seat extends the length of the lap seatbelts. In a collision the lap seatbelts rotate clockwise about their anchors with compression of the vehicle seat, degrading static fit, and exposing the fallacy of static lap belt fit.
A majority of users of belt-positioning booster seats misuse them misrouting one or both belts, accepting a child's poor posture or not adjusting the lap seat belt snug about the child. Almost all cases of misuse result in excessive belt slack, increasing forward movement which, in addition to further degrading the static fit, results in sharp increases in pelvic loading by the belt.
The focus on static belt fit is based on an assumption that a child's pelvis is a scaled-down version of an adult pelvis; in reality the pelvis of a child is not well suited to either locating the belt, being proportionally smaller and lower profile than an adult pelvis, or assuming the brunt of collision forces concentrated in the lap belt entirely on its own, being composed significantly of elastic cartilage.
Maintaining proper pelvic orientation is thus essential in a collision: when a child restrained by a lap seatbelt slouches, her pelvis undergoes a counter-clockwise rotation, reducing the height and decreasing the vertical slope of the forward edges of the iliac spines on either side of the pelvis, thus diminishing the capacity of the spines to engage with either a seatbelt or restraint to absorb collision forces and resist submarining.
The forward edge of either iliac spine may be viewed as a 'ramp', whereby the outcome of a collision, in terms of whether a seatbelt or restraint is either held captive in front of the pelvis as in FIG. 11, or rides up the 'ramps' to allow the pelvis to rotate and the child to submarine, is a consequence of:                (i) the magnitude of the downward reaction force (Rθ) FIG. 7 exerted by the belt or restraint on the hips relative to        (ii) the inertial force of the child's lower body tending to make the child slip forwards under the belt and        (iii) the angle of the 'ramps'.
Despite the emphasis on static lap seatbelt fit with its implicit recognition of the risk of lap seatbelt-inflicted internal trauma, the belt-positioning booster seat makes no provision to protect the child against the lap seatbelt in a collision.
Thus it is imperative with a belt-positioning booster seat that the shoulder belt protect the child against the lap seatbelt by sharing the load of the collision forces.
Both backless and high-back belt-positioning booster seats increase the likelihood of a proper shoulder seatbelt fit in a collision, but a proper shoulder belt static fit does not guarantee proper routing under dynamic collision conditions.
Where the fit of a shoulder belt is dependent upon a plastic feature of a high-back booster seat there is no guarantee that collision forces will not make the belt revert to the original path determined by the seatbelt geometry of the vehicle.
Preserving shoulder belt fit in a collision is essential to protecting the child against the lap seatbelt; it is not a guarantee a child will not submarine or be otherwise injured by the lap belt.
Although there is a correlation between static lap seatbelt fit and belt angle, it is the angle assumed by the lap seatbelt when the child and her restraint are thrown forward in a collision that is determinant of the outcome.
Lap Seatbelt Geometry: Vertical Angle
A lap seatbelt restrains an adult passenger by exerting reaction forces on her body both in direct opposition to forward collision forces and downward into the vehicle seat.
In a collision FIG. 7 the force of the inertia (I) of a passenger's body acting on the lap seatbelt translates into a tension (T) and a downward reaction force (Rθ) in the lap seatbelt.
This downward reaction force is essential to ensuring the belt does not ride up over the pelvic spines to penetrate the soft abdomen.
The downward reaction force in the lap seat belt is proportional to the angle (θ) between the seat belt and the horizontal collision forces and is counteracted by a reaction force (RN) normal to the surface of the seat, resulting in a proportional friction force (FRN) opposing the tendency to slide forward.
The collision force acting horizontally on the pelvis due to the inertia of the legs is thus reduced by the gripping action of the seatbelt or restraint on the thighs and the frictional force FRN.
The performance of a lap seatbelt or restraint is thus dependent upon the angle (θXZ) the belt assumes FIG. 5A in the X-Z plane in relation to the horizontal when subjected to collision forces, and that angle is determined by the point of contact of the lap seatbelt on the passenger relative to the location of the seatbelt anchors.
The steeper the angle θ of the belt, the greater is the force Rθ exerted downwards on the hips and upper thighs as is the corresponding frictional force FRN.
In a collision a passenger moves forward and downwards with compression of the vehicle seat by the downward reaction force in the lap seatbelt and there is a corresponding clockwise rotation of the lap seatbelts about their anchors, resulting in a shallower angle θ.
Too shallow an angle and there is not enough downward pressure in the belt Rθ on the hips and a risk inertial forces will make the passenger submarine, exposing the abdomen to the lap seatbelt.
The child passenger is more dependent upon the preservation of a taller belt angle to resist the tendency to submarine than an adult because her pelvis lacks the height, definition and integrity to reliably 'hook' the belt.
The pelvis of a child is also unable to assume the brunt of the forces of a collision on its own. For the pelvis to play its role in protecting the viscera of the child, it depends upon sufficient downward reaction force in the lap seatbelt to grip the upper thighs, augmenting the friction forces opposing her tendency to slide forward and the pelvis to rotate counter-clockwise.
By elevating and advancing the child, belt-positioning booster seats extend the lap seatbelts, increasing free forward movement in a collision, degrading belt angle and reducing the magnitude of the downward reaction force essential to stabilizing the pelvis.
Lap Seatbelt Geometry: Adjustment
A snug lap seatbelt adjustment is essential to maintaining proper pelvic orientation and limiting the loads imposed on the pelvis in a collision. In a collision the child will continue to travel at the original velocity of the vehicle, heedless of its deceleration, until she collides with a seatbelt, child restraint or the vehicle interior, producing a spike in the loading of the pelvis.
A restraint should minimize this useless movement by coupling the child to the vehicle as tightly as possible so as to 'ride down' the crash with the vehicle to the fullest extent possible, participating in its more gradual deceleration due to its capacity to absorb the energy of the collision.
A snug seatbelt adjustment is more easily achieved the more closely the lap belts are aligned (in the X-Y plane) with the direction of the collision forces (the greater is angle θxy) FIGS. 5B, 6B.
Ideally lap seatbelt anchor points should be no further apart than the pelvic width of the passenger in order to achieve a tight lap seatbelt adjustment; a four year old in a vehicle is at a disadvantage with a pelvic width half that of an adult.
A snug lap seatbelt is particularly important in a sports utility vehicle (SUV) which does not have the same collision energy absorbing capacity as a passenger car by virtue of its rigid chassis construction.

Vehicular child restraint and child protection system


A drilling tool for use in a wellbore comprises a first collar having a first bore extending from a first send to a second end and an internal thread disposed on the bore at the second end. The drilling tool also comprises a second collar having a second bore extending from a third end to a fourth end and an external thread disposed on the third end. The third end is coupled to the second end of the first collar. A first set of components is housed within the first bore and a second set of components is housed on a sidewall of the second collar formed between the second bore and an outer surface of the second collar.

Wellbores are drilled into the earth for a variety of purposes including accessing hydrocarbon bearing formations. A variety of downhole tools can be used within a wellbore in connection with accessing and extracting such hydrocarbons. Components such as sensors, circuit boards, hardware, or the like, can measure, record, store, and/or pass along data related to drilling parameters to the surface (e.g., by telemetry or wired pipe). Conventionally, such components may be housed in one or more collars by arranging such components linearly along a length of the color. As a number of components increases, a length required to house the components also increases, thereby resulting in increased manufacturing and transport costs.


A magnet pump has a magnet coupling for magnetically coupling an inner ring yoke and an outer ring yoke so as to magnetically transmit a torque from driving part to driven part of the pump to rotate the driven part. The magnet pump comprises magnetized magnet pieces bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring yoke and magnetized magnet pieces bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring yoke; non-magnetic cylindrical covers covering the surface of the inner ring yoke carrying the magnet pieces and the surface of the outer ring yoke carrying the magnet pieces, respectively; and mold resin parts filling the gap between the surface of the inner ring yoke and the associated non-magnetic cylindrical cover and the gap between the surface of the outer yoke ring and the associated non-magnetic cylindrical cover. Also disclosed are a method of producing the magnet pump in which the non-magnetic cylindrical covers are used as molds, and a nuclear reactor equipment in which the magnet pump is used as a coolant circulation pump.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a magnet pump, a method of producing the magnet pump and a nuclear reactor equipment which incorporates the magnet pump.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a magnet pump does not have any shaft seal portion so that it can suitably be used for the purpose of transfer of chemical waste liquids, slurries and so forth.
FIG. 6 illustrates the basic construction of a known magnet pump.
This magnet pump has a magnetic coupling to which the torque of a motor is transmitted through a drive shaft 1. The magnet coupling has an outer ring 2 having a magnet 4 and an inner ring 3 having a magnet 5. The torque of the drive shaft 1 causes the outer ring 2 to rotate, which in turn causes the inner ring 3 to rotate as a result of attractive and repulsive forces acting between the magnets 4 and 5, so that a driven shaft 10 connected to the inner ring 3 is rotated. The driven shaft 10 in turn drives an impeller 11 connected thereto, so that a liquid is sucked through a suction port 13 and is discharged from the discharge port 14. A can 12 serves to isolate the motor part including the outer ring 2 and the liquid-contact part including the inner ring 3 from each other.
Thus, the magnet pump is devoid of any shaft seal portion so that it can suitably be used in handling a chemical liquid which requires specific leak prevention measure, as well as slurries which inevitably cause grinding or wear of sliding parts.
The magnet pump also can suitably be used as a coolant circulation pump of a nuclear reactor. In particular, the use of a magnet pump in the primary cooling system eliminates any risk of external leak of coolant which radiates radioactive rays such as a .gamma. ray. In addition, the time required for a periodical inspection can remarkably be shortened because only the liquid-contact part of the pump needs inspection, so that the time of exposure of the inspectors to a radioactive atmosphere is shortened, thus enhancing safety.
This type of magnet pump is disclosed, for example, in "Piping Technology", pp 55-57, Jan. 5, 1987.
Unfortunately, however, the known magnet pump has not been considered for transmission of a large torque, which is a fundamental requirement for pumps. Thus, it has been quite difficult to realize a large-scale magnet pump capable of operating at a torque level of 15 kg.multidot.m or greater required in nuclear reactor coolant circulation pump and other pumps.
A greater scale of the magnet pump essentially requires a greater torque capacity of the magnet coupling, i.e., to increase the magnetic power of the magnet.
Conventionally, ferrite or a rare earth magnet, in particular samarium cobalt (referred to as "SmCo", hereinafter) magnet, has been used as the magnets of the magnet couplings of magnet pumps. SmCo has a large value of the maximum energy product (BH)max which is specifically useful for large-scale magnet couplings. However, there still exists the following problem which has to be overcome.
Small-capacity magnet couplings are produced by the following processes: namely, a non-magnetized magnet is fixed to the inside of, for example, an inner ring yoke. This assembly is then placed in a mold which is then charged with a resin of at 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. Then, the magnet is magnetized by means of a magnetizing yoke. The following problems are encountered when this known process is applied to the production of a large-scale magnet coupling.
(1) Quite a large-size magnetizing equipment is necessary.
(2) It is difficult to separate the magnet from the magnetizing yoke after the magnetization.
For these reasons, there has been a practical limit in the size of the magnet coupling.
In another process, a magnetized magnet is bonded to an inner or outer ring yoke and then resin-molding is conducted within a mold. In this process, a problem is encountered in that the separation of the resin-molded magnet from the mold is difficult due to magnetic attraction between the magnet and the mold metal.
A greater capacity of magnet coupling essentially requires greater maximum energy product (BH).sub.max of the magnet. Such large maximum energy product is obtained with a neodymium-iron type magnet, as well as with an SmCo magnet mentioned before. Properties of samarium-type magnet and neodymium-type magnet are shown in the following Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Properties of samarium-type magnet and neodymium-type magnet (Extracted from Denpa Shinbun, page 24, Sept. 10, 1987) Sm magnet Nd magnet ______________________________________ Elements Sm, Co, Fe, Cu Nd, Fe, B and and other other additives additives Magnetic 16.about.32 MGOe 27.about.37 MGOe characteristic (BH).sub.max Br 8.2.about.11.6 KG 10.2.about.12.6 KG iHc 6.2.about.20.0 kOe 11.0.about.20.0 kOe Reversible 1.05 1.05 magnetic permeability Reversible -0.03.about.-0.04%/c -0.12.about.-0.13%/c temperature change Br Curie point 800.degree. C. 320.degree. C. Cracking tendency fragile and easy hard and not to crack easy to crack Surface rusting Comparatively Comparatively small rusting large rusting tendency tendency ______________________________________
In general, the coolant circulation system of a nuclear reaction incorporates a plurality of circulation pumps, some of which are installed close to the nuclear reactor. Such circulation pumps are required to transport coolant which has high neutron beam density. Neutron beams makes elements such as Co radioactive, posing problems in regard to degradation of properties of the magnet and safety during inspection.
This gives a rise to the demand for a magnet which does not contain any radioactive element, and such a requirement is met by a neodymium-iron type magnet.
Unfortunately, however, this magnet exhibits an inferior corrosion resistance, so that a surface coating is essentially required. Furthermore a new sealing method has to be developed because the characteristic of the magnet tends to be degraded as a result of a temperature rise.
Thus, in order to obtain a large-capacity magnet coupling which is essential for producing a large-size magnet pump, in particular a coolant circulation pump of a nuclear reactor, it is necessary that a method is developed which enables an easy resin-molding of magnets of a magnet coupling without impairing the characteristics of the magnets.

Magnetically coupled pump and nuclear reactor incorporating said pump


An ink film tension device for applying a tension to an ink film used in a color video printer comprising a fixed shaft fixedly mounted to a reel bracket, a resilience member rotatably mounted to the fixed shaft, a reel body rotatably mounted to the fixed shaft and operatively connected to the ink film, and a felt interposed between the reel hub and the reel body and adapted to operatively connect the reel body to the reel hub. The resilience member has one end fixedly mounted to the reel bracket and the other end having a protruded bent portion. The reel hub has a support hole for receiving the other end of the resilience member. To the reel bracket is mounted a stopper which is adapted to selectively engage with the protruded bent portion of the other end of the resilience member, for limiting the torsion of the resilience member and thus maintaining a tension of a predetermined level at the resilience member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ink film tension device for applying a tension to an ink film in a cartridge used in a color video printer, and more particularly to an ink film tension device for applying a reverse rotation force to a supply reel of the cartridge, so as to apply a tension to the ink film.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a general color video printer. As shown in FIG. 1, the color video printer comprises a printer body 1 and a cartridge receiving guide 2 disposed in the interior of printer body 1. A holder 5 is pivotally mounted to the printer body 1 to pivot about a pivot pin 6 and disposed above the cartridge receiving guide 2. The holder 5 carries a thermal print head 3 and a thermal print head sensor 4. Beneath the cartridge receiving guide 2, a pinch roller 7 and a grip roller 8 are disposed which are in press contact with each other at a certain pressure. Near the rollers 7 and 7 is disposed a platen roller 9.
In the cartridge receiving guide 2, a cartridge 10 is received which includes a rotatable supply reel 11 and a rotatable take-up reel 12 spaced from the supply reel 11, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. An ink film 13 is wound around the supply reel 11 and the take-up reel 12. The cartridge 10 also has a rectangular opening at its bottom portion.
The ink film 13 has three color portions, that is, a yellow portion 15, a cyan portion 16 and a magenta portion (not shown). As shown in FIG. 2A, a transparent portion 17 is provided between the yellow portion 15 and the cyan portion 16, at the initial operation portion of the ink film 13.
The color video printer with the above-mentioned construction operates under the condition that the cartridge 10 is loaded in the cartridge receiving guide 2. As the holder 5 pivots in a counter-clockwise direction about the pivot pin 6 under the condition that a copy sheet 18 has been fed between the pinch roller 7 and the grip roller 8, the thermal print head sensor 4 senses the transparent portion 17 formed between the yellow portion 15 and the cyan portion 16 of the ink film 13 and sets the standby position of the ink film for initiating a printing from the yellow portion 15.
At this time, the ink film 13 which has been at a position A in FIG. 1 is lowered to be at a position A' in FIG. 1 so that it comes into contact with the copy sheet 18 being fed according to the rotation of pinch roller 7, so as to achieve a printing.
After the printing; the holder 5 pivots in a clockwise direction about the pivot pin 6 and returns to its original position. Simultaneously, the ink film 13 returns from the position A' to the position A. However, the returning operation of ink film 13 may not be assuredly carried out. In this case, the ink film 13 may be released, thereby causing it to get caught in the cartridge receiving guide 2 and thereby tear and damage. As a result, it is difficult to obtain a good quality of pictures.
An ink film tension device for avoiding such a phenomenon has been known which applies a tension to the ink film by rotating reversely the supply reel of cartridge through a certain angle after the holder returns. A typical example of such an ink film tension device is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ink film tension device comprises a fixed shaft 22 fixedly mounted to a reel bracket 21, a resilience member 23 disposed around the fixed shaft 22, and a reel hub 25 rotatably mounted to the fixed shaft 22 and surrounding the resilience member 23. The reel hub 25 has a gear portion 24 at its peripheral surface. A reel body 27 is also rotatably mounted to the fixed shaft 22 to rotate integrally with the reel hub 25 by means of a felt member 26 interposed between the reel hub 25 and the reel body 27. With the gear portion 24 of the reel hub 25 is engaged a worm gear 28 which is also engaged with a worm 30 of a motor 29.
In the ink film tension device with the above-mentioned construction, the motor 29 is actuated, just after the holder 5 returns to its original position. As the motor 29 drives, its drive force is transmitted through the worm 30, the worm gear 28, the gear portion 24 of reel hub 25, the felt 26, to the reel body 27 so that a hub 31 of the cartridge 10 engaged with the reel body 27 rotates through a certain angle, thereby causing the ink film 13 to be reversely fed. Accordingly, the ink film 13 is maintained at a tensed state.
However, this conventional ink film tension device requires the use of an additional motor such as the motor 29 and has a complicated construction, resulting in an increase in manufacture cost and a decrease in productivity.

Ink film tension device for color video printer


Disclosed is a Bluetooth headset device and a communication method for the same. The method comprises: establishing by a first earpiece serving as a Bluetooth master device a Bluetooth connection with a data source device; establishing by the first earpiece and a second earpiece a wireless connection therebetween; and according to a preset cyclicity, exchanging by the first and second earpieces control information within a first time period, sending by one of the first and second earpieces that serves as a primary earpiece a Bluetooth transmission request to the data source device, and receiving by the first and second earpieces simultaneously Bluetooth data sent by the data source device in response to the request, within a second time period, wherein the role of the primary earpiece is switched between the first and second earpieces in an alternate mode or a switching on-demand mode based on the control information.

With the advancement of society and development of communication technologies, the headsets have become an indispensable daily necessity in people's lives. By applying Bluetooth technology to the headset, the Bluetooth headset cancels the connection line between the earpieces and the data source device (for example, a smartphone) and thereby allows to use the headset in various ways freely.
A true wireless stereo (TWS) Bluetooth headset has completely got rid of the shackles of the connection line. The TWS headset includes a primary earpiece and a secondary earpiece, and the common communication method thereof is that the primary earpiece establishes a Bluetooth connection with the data source device and also establishes a Bluetooth connection with the secondary earpiece, so that the primary earpiece and the secondary earpiece implements data transmission through data forwarding. Exemplarily, the data source device sends audio data to the primary earpiece, and the primary earpiece forwards the audio data to the secondary earpiece, so that the primary earpiece and the secondary earpiece produce sound synchronously. Since there is no physical connection line between the primary earpiece and the secondary earpiece, the wearing experience of the TWS Bluetooth headset has been improved. However, the primary earpiece in this communication method needs to perform the complete Bluetooth data transmission (for example, receiving and forwarding) with both the data source device and the secondary earpiece, respectively. Thus, the overall amount of data transmitted by the primary earpiece is large, and thus the primary earpiece is subjected to a larger power consumption than the secondary earpiece, which results in an unbalanced power consumption between the two earpieces.
As to this, a different communication solution has been proposed. According to this solution, after the primary earpiece establishes a Bluetooth connection with the data source device, the secondary earpiece may perform the interception based upon relevant parameters of the Bluetooth connection received from the primary earpiece, while the data source device sends Bluetooth data to the primary earpiece, so as to simultaneously receive the Bluetooth data from the data source device, thereby eliminating the necessity to separately receive the Bluetooth audio data as forwarded from the primary earpiece. However, the secondary earpiece performs the interception passively in the currently known solution, and there is still an imbalance between the primary earpiece and the secondary earpiece. Moreover, the switching or backup between the primary earpiece and the secondary earpiece cannot be effectively realized.

Bluetooth headset device and communication method for the same


Image distortion is corrected in a color printer wherein print units for a plurality of colors are aligned to form a color image by superposing images formed by the print units. Images of the colors of a predetermined pattern formed by the print units are detected by a sensor. Based on the detection result, image distortion quantities and a setting error of the position of the sensor are detected. Then, the detected color shift on image forming is corrected according to the image distortion quantities and the setting error.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus which forms a color image by superposing images of a plurality of colors formed by a plurality of print units.
2. Description of Prior Art
In a color image forming apparatus of tandem structure, an image of four colors is formed at the same time in a scan. In the color image forming apparatus, four print units including photoconductors for the four print colors are aligned, and images of the four colors are supplied to exposure positions for each color, by delaying in correspondence to the distances between the photoconductors. In a system wherein four beams are scanned with a polygon mirror, the direction of luster scan becomes reverse to each other between the former two colors and the latter two colors, and the data are corrected therefor. Further, color shifts are caused by various factors.
Print positions for the four colors may be shifted due to image delay by the memories and the shift of exposure positions. Then, color displacement occurs, and image is distorted. When such image distortion is prevented, an image of high quality can be obtained. Then, in order to correct the shift of print positions, it is proposed to detect image distortion quantities and to change the line address in the main scan direction for the colors for an address in the main scan direction according to the detection results.
However, the detection of the distortion quantities for distortion correction is complicated when the line address in the main scan direction for the colors for an address in the main scan direction is changed according to the detection results of image distortion. Further, in order to detect the image distortion quantity correctly, sensors therefor have to be set correctly, and it takes a long time to set the sensor.

Image forming apparatus with image distortion correction system


A light diffuser (10), which is particularly suitable for introducing diffuse light into a tissue, is produced by interpenetration of a diffuser material in a liquid state into a boundary layer (4) of a porous shaping material, by which process a diffuser surface is formed having a surface structure which represents essentially a negative of the pore structure of the shaping material and includes undercut structures induced by a surface tension. The light diffuser (10) is e.g. produced by introducing a diffuser blank (1) including material which is liquefiable through mechanical vibration into the shaping material and simultaneously stimulating it with mechanical vibrations, such that the liquefiable material liquefies at least there where it is in contact with the shaping material and is pressed into the shaping material. An in situ production of the diffuser is particularly advantageous for photodynamic therapy in bone tissue (20).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a light diffuser according to the generic term of the first independent claim, as well as a method for producing the light diffuser according to the generic term of the corresponding independent claim. The light diffuser according to the invention is suitable for the diffuse deflection of light delivered to the diffuser from a light source or through a light conductor in an essentially axial direction. The light diffuser according to the invention is e.g. suitable for application in endoscopic methods, e.g. for the targeted introduction of diffuse light into tissue structures, in particular into bone tissue, and for the consistent illumination of hollow biological structures.
2. Description of Related Art
Diffuse light is applied in tissue structures e.g. in the so-called photodynamic therapy methods known in particular for the treatment of tumorigenic diseases. For this purpose a substance, which is sensitive to light and accumulates mainly in the tumorous tissue, is administered to a patient. Then the tumorous tissue is illuminated with light of a specific wavelength, which activates the photosensitive substance and triggers a chemical reaction, which in turn destroys the tumorous cells.
Activating the photosensitive substance by light initiates the destruction of the tumorous cells. It is therefore important to be able to introduce a specific dose of light adjusted to the size of the tumour in a targeted manner and as homogenously as possible into the tumorous tissue, which is usually achieved by means of a light conductor, wherein the distal end of the light conductor is designed as a diffuser. The task of the diffuser is to scatter the light, which propagates essentially axially inside the light conductor, in as many different directions as possible and as evenly as possible. The diffuser is brought to, or introduced into the tissue to be illuminated and is supplied by the light conductor with light of a given wavelength. The diffuser distributes the light introduced by the light conductor as homogenously as possible in a space whose shape is advantageously adapted to the circumstances.
Such diffusers are known to be manufactured by corresponding modification of the distal end of a light conductor and/or by placing an appropriately equipped end-piece on or at the distal end of the light conductor. Thus e.g. the sleeve placed around the light conducting fibre is removed at the distal end of the light conductor and the surface of the light conducting fibre is roughened slightly, etched or treated with suitable tools to create a light scattering surface, as it is disclosed e.g. in the publication FR-2782778. Light scattering end-pieces usually comprise a transparent material filled with particles (e.g. transparent plastics with particles of aluminium oxide or titanium oxide). In case the light scattering effect of the modified fibre surface and/or of the end piece does not suffice to deflect an adequate portion of the supplied light from the axial direction, it is also suggested that a mirror is positioned at the distal end of the light conductor or of the diffuser, reflecting non-deflected light back into the diffuser area (e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,583, US-2002/0094161 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,647).
Known light diffusers, thus, essentially represent the distal end of a light conductor and for medical purposes are brought to, or introduced into the tissue to be treated with minimally invasive methods and removed after the treatment. For the treatment, the proximal end of the light conductor is attached to a light source, wherein the light source is e.g. a laser, but can also be the distal end of another light conductor.
The known diffusers described above are manufactured by relatively elaborate methods and are therefore expensive. They nevertheless have to be treated as disposable items as they are difficult to clean and sterilize and the risk of infection is clinically often considered too high for a repeated application. For photo-dynamic therapy, the diffuser has to be brought into the immediate vicinity of, or even into the tissue to be treated and it has to be retracted from this tissue after the treatment, which is connected with the danger of diseased cells, e.g. metastasizing tumorous cells, being spread.

Light diffuser and process for producing the same


A method for automatically generating documentation for an artificial intelligence model includes receiving, by a computing device, an artificial intelligence model. The computing device accesses a model facts policy that indicates data to be collected for artificial intelligence models. The computing device collects artificial intelligence model facts regarding the artificial intelligence model according to the model facts policy. The computing device accesses a factsheet template. The factsheet template provides a schema for an artificial intelligence model factsheet for the artificial intelligence model. The computing device populates the artificial intelligence model factsheet using the factsheet template with the artificial intelligence model facts related to the artificial intelligence model.

The field of embodiments of the present invention relate to generation and management of artificial intelligence (AI) model documentation throughout its life cycle.
Building an AI system typically involves many stages and requires collaboration between various personas (who do not generally share a common vocabulary) throughout its lifecycle: data scientists, application developers, test engineers, devops engineers, product managers, regulators, etc. Documenting the work that occurs within each of these stages is key to providing transparency, trust, and regulatory compliance to the entire process.
Today, documenting an AI system is a very costly, manual, and inconsistent process that requires many days/weeks/months of labor to gather and stitch information (if still available) from multiple parties.
One problem is that there is a lack of standard practices and methodologies to document how an AI system was created, trained, tested, deployed, and evaluated; how it should operate; and how it should (and should not) be used.
Another problem is that there is no structured way to represent model facts, store these model facts, and manage the model facts as the model is being built, tuned, deployed, tested, monitored, and improved.

Generation and management of an artificial intelligence (AI) model documentation throughout its life cycle

International Business Machines Corporation