An apparatus to define a shoulder within equipment includes a housing including a bore formed therethrough and a recess formed within an inner wall of the housing. The apparatus further includes an activation ring positionable within the recess and movable to extend, at least partially, into the bore of the housing to define a shoulder within the housing, and an actuator to move the activation ring with respect to the recess.

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present invention, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
As will be appreciated, oil and natural gas have a profound effect on modern economies and societies. Indeed, devices and systems that depend on oil and natural gas are ubiquitous. For instance, oil and natural gas are used for fuel in a wide variety of vehicles, such as cars, airplanes, boats, and the like. Further, oil and natural gas are frequently used to heat homes during winter, to generate electricity, and to manufacture an astonishing array of everyday products.
In order to meet the demand for such natural resources, companies often invest significant amounts of time and money in searching for and extracting oil, natural gas, and other subterranean resources from the earth. Particularly, once a desired resource is discovered below the surface of the earth, drilling and production systems are often employed to access and extract the resource. These systems may be located onshore or offshore depending on the location of a desired resource. Further, such systems generally include a wellhead system through which the resource is extracted. These wellhead systems may include a wide variety of components, such as a high pressure wellhead housing and various casings, hangers, valves, fluid conduits, and the like, that control drilling and/or extraction operations.
As such, when drilling a well for oil or gas, a high pressure wellhead housing typically will be mounted at the upper end of the well and may be used to support one or more tubular strings extending into the well. In one example, a string of casing (or casing string) may be run into and installed within the well. A casing hanger located at the upper end of the string of casing lands on and is supported by a load shoulder in the high pressure wellhead housing. The load shoulder can be machined into the inner surface of the high pressure wellhead housing. Alternatively, the load shoulder can be a separate high strength ring that is installed into a groove in the high pressure wellhead housing, such as when the high pressure wellhead housing is initially manufactured. In both cases, the wellhead housing's inner diameter, and thus minimum diameter of the bore, decreases in a downward direction, with the smaller inner diameter located below the load shoulder.
The stepped diameter bore has a disadvantage. Drilling tools can be no larger than the minimum inner diameter located below the load shoulder. However, it is often desired to utilize a drill bit or tool that is larger than minimum inner diameter. For example, in a wellhead system that is used in containment of offshore shallow flow zones, it may be desirable to run a casing through a subsea high pressure housing having a minimum bore that is typically smaller than the outer diameter of the casing. The nominal seat of the high pressure wellhead housing (e.g., the insert load shoulder) must be removed or left off of the assembly prior to running a high pressure wellhead housing and then reinstalled subsequent to the installation of the casing. Accordingly, there is a demand to improve load shoulders for wellhead housings.


A skid rail for aircrafts comprising (i) a base member comprising a long board fixed to a bottom surface of an aircraft fuselage, and bosses integrally projecting from an outer surface of the long board with longitudinal intervals, (ii) cores bonded to the long board between the bosses to form a rail-shaped, integral structure, and (iii) a skin covering the bosses and the cores, the base member and the skin being formed by a first fiber-reinforced plastic having fabrics of glass fibers and/or carbon fibers, and the cores being formed by a second fiber-reinforced plastic having fabrics of fibers having higher wear resistance than that of fibers in the first fiber-reinforced plastic.

An aircraft has a skid rail and a tail skid on a bottom surface of a fuselage as parts for protecting the aircraft fuselage from damage when the aircraft comes into contact with a runway, etc. If the skid rail were totally worn by belly-landing, a carry-through tank would not be sufficiently protected, necessitating the skid rail to have sufficient wear resistance. The skid rail and the tail skid are conventionally formed by glass-fiber-reinforced plastics. For instance, JP 2000-344196 A proposes a retractable, wear-resistant tail skid for aircrafts, which has a roller pad formed by a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic at its tip end. However, the glass fiber-reinforced plastic does not have sufficient wear resistance.
Because the glass fiber-reinforced plastics have insufficient wear resistance, it would be conceivable to form the entire skid rail by, for instance, plastics reinforced by high-wear-resistant fibers such as poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) fibers. However, because such high-wear-resistant fiber-reinforced plastics have low machinability, it is extremely difficult to provide skid rails formed thereby with recesses or holes for fasteners.

Skid rail for aircrafts and its production method

Honda Patents & Technologies North America, LLC


The present invention relates to a latch for detachably securing electron cards along orthogonal loading axes. A planar fixed gate is rigidly securable to an external supporting structure and is provided with at least one elongated protrusion extending above one of the planar surfaces. A planar movable gate is rigidly securable to an external electronics mountable structure wherein said movable gate is provided with at least one elongated groove on a planar surface. The planar fixed gate and the planar movable gate are abuttingly engageable to each other with the protrusion matingly fitted within the corresponding groove. The orientation of the protrusion and groove are orthogonal to an axis of a first loading force applicable to the moving gate. A fastener such as a threaded bolt rigidly maintains the planar surfaces of the fixed gate in engagement with the movable gate for rigid support along a second loading axis orthogonal to the first loading axis.

The present invention relates to securing electronic modules such as printed circuit boards to racks and other assemblies, and more particularly, to securing such electronic cards rigidly against shock and vibration against a plurality of loading axes.
It is a persistent problem for securing and supporting electronic cards against multi-axis shock and vibration found in naval shipboard use. Additionally, these electronic cards must be detachable, particularly for repair purposes. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a means for securing and supporting electronic cards against shock and vibration in high vibration environments along a plurality of orthogonal axes.

Latch for detachably securing electronic cards along orthogonal loading axes

The Unites States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


Flexible manifolds configured for use in a wearable artificial kidney are provided and can include an array of manifold plates defining one or more flow path and which are adapted to receive dialysis components including cleaning columns and dialyzers. Wearable artificial kidneys are also provided. For example, a wearable artificial kidney can include a flexible manifold, a first flow path, a second flow path, a third flow path, a first cleaning column, a first dialyzer, a second dialyzer, a second cleaning column, and at least one pump. Systems for performing dialysis are further provided. The systems can include a wearable artificial kidney and manifold inlet and outlet lines for connecting the peritoneum of a dialysis patient to the wearable artificial kidney. Methods for performing dialysis utilizing the flexible manifolds, wearable artificial kidneys, and systems containing the same, are also provided.

Renal dysfunction or failure and, in particular, end-stage renal disease, causes the body to lose the ability to remove water and minerals and excrete harmful metabolites, maintain acid-base balance, and control electrolyte and mineral concentrations within physiological ranges. Toxic uremic waste metabolites including urea, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphorus accumulate in tissues, which can result in a person's death if the filtration function of the kidney is not replaced.
Dialysis can be used to replace kidney function by removing these waste toxins and excess water. Peritoneal dialysis is a type of dialysis treatment used to replace kidney function in which sterile, dialysis solution (dialysate) is infused into the peritoneal cavity of a patient. The peritoneal membrane serves as a natural dialyzer and toxic uremic waste metabolites and various ions diffuse from the patient bloodstream across the membrane into the dialysis solution. At the same time, water is drawn into the peritoneal cavity by an osmotic gradient. The dialysis solution can be removed, discarded, and replaced with fresh dialysis solution on a semi-continuous or continuous basis. Draining, discarding and replacing the large volumes of solution needed for peritoneal dialysis is inconvenient, unwieldy and expensive, especially for peritoneal dialysis treatment at home.
To address this problem, devices have been designed that reconstitute used dialysate from hemodialysis and/or peritoneal dialysis solution as opposed to discarding it. The dialysate can be regenerated in a machine utilizing a device that eliminates urea from the solution. Typically, the ion exchange resins used in devices such as the REDY® Sorbent System adsorb not only the urea degradation products, but also essential ions such as, for example, calcium and magnesium that have diffused into the dialysate. These ions then generally need to be replaced.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2011/0060273 A1, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, describes a dialysate regeneration system that can be used at home and moved from one location to another. This system can operate continuously or semi-continuously during periods of dialysis to clear uremic waste metabolites from a patient with renal dysfunction or failure, without overly depleting the patient's body of essential ions, such as, for example, calcium and magnesium. An advantage of this dialysate regeneration system is that it provides patients with the option of a sorbent-based peritoneal dialysis system that can be conveniently used at home. Dialysate cleaning in the dialysate regeneration system enables the use of a much smaller volume of dialysate compared to single pass systems. Even with the portability of such a sorbent-based peritoneal dialysis machine, there exists a need for a machine that can be easily wearable and configured to accept convenient replacement components.


A method for facilitating the distribution of physical restricted securities to a set of participants comprises receiving from an originating entity, such as a venture capitalist, a distribution package. A transfer agent is given temporary custody of the restricted securities and delivery instructions are provided to the transfer agent. Because the transfer agent has custody of the securities while they are still in the name of the originating entity, it can perform distributions of the restricted securities in accordance with incrementally delivered instructions and does not need to terminate the entire distribution if the instructions for a particular participant are incomplete or inconsistent. A system for gathering distribution instructions from participants and delivering the instructions to a facilitator is also disclosed.

A common event in the finance and securities fields is distribution of securities from venture capital firms to specified participants. Typically, the distribution is of a restricted security which must be represented by physical documents. As a result, the distribution cannot be performed using entirely electronic mechanisms and instead requires comparatively inefficient manually intensive and non-standard processes which may take several weeks to complete.
When a venture capital entity (VC) wants to distribute restricted stock, the conventional practice is to first notify a facilitator for the distribution. The VC then delivers one or more physical share certificates to the facilitator. The certificates bear legend that the shares are restricted. Also printed on the security is the party to whom the security is registered, which is this case is the VC, as well as the number of shares registered to the party. The VC also provides allocation instructions identifying the limited partner participants in the distribution and the number of shares each participant should receive. Depending on the size of the distribution, the number of participants can be in the hundreds. The total number of shares referenced in the facilitator's instructions must equal the total number of shares being distributed as detailed in a required legal opinion. In addition, supporting documentation, such as stock powers, corporate resolutions, or other related documentation, is supplied. The opinion of counsel must address the total number of shares of the distribution, reference each of the participants by name, and list the number of shares that each participant will receive.
After receiving this information, the facilitator generally has two choices in distributing the securities. The first choice is to simply distribute the shares to the limited partners based solely on the instructions from the VC. The second approach is to first contact the limited partners to notify them of the distribution and get the distribution information from them directly.
The first approach is problematic in that the information from VCs is typically obtained at the fund pledge stage. The distribution can occur years after this date and the VC information is often incorrect. As a result, the distributed securities often do not reach the LP. Another problem with this approach is that, with the passage of years, the LP may have changed its mind as to what to do with the securities. Additionally, the first approach only involves sending a physical certificate to a predetermined destination—usually the LP's home address or broker—and does not provide advance notification which would allow the LP to sell the securities quickly. Because the stock price typically falls 20% or more within hours after a VC distribution takes place, the LP can suffer a significant economic loss.
The second approach is generally preferred by the limited partners. In using the second approach, the facilitator must obtain instructions from each of the participants detailing what the participant would like to do with the stock from the distribution, such as retain it in an account with the facilitator, transfer it to an account at a different broker or bank, or sell it. Getting instructions from all of the participants can be a time consuming procedure, particularly when incomplete contact information has been provided or a participant is unavailable. In addition, when the instructions result in a transfer of ownership of the stock (e.g., gifting or sales), additional legal opinions for those transfers must be obtained.
After instructions have been obtained from every participant, the participant or recipient names may need to be reformatted to conform to required industry standards and fanfolds of written or hardcopy instructions for each participant created. The instructions are processed to reflect that shares are showing on the books of the facilitator and the records in the transfer location. A copy of each of the fanfolds is attached to the certificate and the package is surrendered to a transfer agent for the distribution.
The transfer agent verifies that the received instructions are complete and, in particular, that the legal opinion agrees in every detail with the instructions furnished by the VC regarding the distribution. If the instructions are not completely acceptable, i.e., having good registrations and balanced share amounts with stock certificate versus fanfold instructions, etc., the entire transfer is rejected by the transfer agent and referred back to the facilitator for correction. Because of the need to wait until instructions from all participants have been obtained coupled with this cycle of rejection and correction, the processing time for the distribution can be several weeks.
Once the transfer agent verifies that the package (containing shares of the restricted stock, supporting documents, distribution instructions, and opinion of counsel) which has been surrendered to it is complete, the original stock certificate is canceled and one or more new physical certificates are created for each of the participants of the distribution. The new certificates have the appropriate number of shares and bear a restricted legend. The issuance or creation of the physical certificates usually requires seven to ten days and can take longer.
The securities are then returned to the facilitator. The facilitator checks each certificate to insure that it was registered correctly and for the correct number of shares. If any of the shares are to be sold or delivered to another bank or broker, the facilitator is responsible for completing that transaction by obtaining the necessary approvals, verifying a proper legal opinion approving the sale exists, etc. Delivered shares are then shipped to the designated address. Shares to be sold must be properly endorsed or appropriate stock power obtained if needed. This can also delay the settlement process. The sold shares are then re-surrendered to the transfer agent for re-registration into the name of the facilitator but without legend. The number of shares to be sold must match the amount referenced on the legal opinion and, if the amounts do not match, the transfer agent may not complete the transfer. This process can typically require seven to ten days or longer. The process can be further delayed if the facilitator receives instructions to sell shares while the shares are in transfer from the VC to the various limited partner participants since amended instructions can complicate the process and result in errors from miscommunications between the various parties involved.
Upon completion of the transfer, the shares are again returned to the facilitator which, in turn, checks each certificate for details such as registration, share amount, and issuance without legend to insure that the certificate is properly issued. The certificates can then be surrendered to the Depository Trust Company (DTC) for deposit to satisfy a fail to deliver commitment.
As will be appreciated, the conventional process for the distribution of restricted securities is cumbersome and time consuming. Distribution to participants who provide instructions immediately is delayed until the valid instructions have been received from every participant. Once the package has been provided by the facilitator to the transfer agent, even a minor error with regard to one participant will result in the entire package being returned to the facilitator for correction, further delaying distribution. In addition, when distributed shares are sold, the distributed shares provided by the transfer agent and accompanying documentation must again be returned to the transfer agent to reissue the shares without legends. As a result, it can take some time for a distribution to be completed and even participants who provide prompt instructions may need to wait several weeks before receiving the stock or proceeds from a sale.
Accordingly, there is a need for a method and system to more efficiently process the issuance of restricted securities from a VC to one or more limited partner participants. It would be a further advantage if such a method and system involved less manual intervention and provided for completion of the transaction in a shorter period of time than conventional processes.

Method and system for venture capitalist distribution of stock


A device for scanning a body orifice or surface including a light source and a wide angle lens. The light from the light source is projected in a pattern distal or adjacent to the wide angle lens. Preferably, the pattern is within a focal surface of the wide angle lens. The pattern intersects a surface of the body orifice, such as an ear canal, and defines a partial lateral portion of the pattern extending along the surface. A processor is configured to receive an image of the lateral portion from the wide angle lens and determine a position of the lateral portion in a coordinate system using a known focal surface of the wide angle lens. Multiple lateral portions are reconstructed by the processor to build a three-dimensional shape. This three-dimensional shape may be used for purposes such as diagnostic, navigation, or custom-fitting of medical devices, such as hearing aids.

The present invention relates to determine the shape of surfaces of soft tissue, and more specifically, to determining such shapes using optical technology.
Hearing aids, hearing protection, and custom head phones often require silicone impressions to be made of a patient's ear canal. Audiologists pour the silicone material into an ear, wait for it to harden then manufacturers use the resulting silicone impression to create a custom fitting in-ear device. The process is slow, expensive, inconsistent, and unpleasant for the patient, and can even be dangerous.
Also, there are a range of other medical needs that benefit from determining the shape of body surfaces, including surfaces defining body orifices, such as the size of shape of an ear canal, throat, mouth, or nostrils of a patient. For example, surgery may be guided by knowing such shapes or medical devices fashioned to have a custom fit for such shapes.
There is a need, therefore, for improvements in the determination of body surface shapes, including the shapes and sizes of surfaces associated with body orifices.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The application discloses a signal transmission method and device. The signal transmission method comprises: a first communication node determining a mode for transmitting data in a time unit to a second communication node; and the first communication node transmitting data to the second communication mode in the time unit according to the determined mode for transmitting data. The data includes N data sets, where N is a positive integer. A data transmission method for M data sets in the data is known by the second communication node. Related information of a data transmission method for (N-M) data sets is notified to the second communication node by the first communication node by means of a control signal in the time unit, where M is less than or equal to N.

High-frequency communication as one of core technologies in the future 5G (5th generation) communication, large-capacity communication may be provided, but a remarkable feature of high-frequency communication is the large spatial fading. At the same time, since the wave length of high-frequency wave is relatively short, a large-scale antenna array element can be integrated in a small area to form a high-gain beam, thereby effectively increasing the coverage of high-frequency communication. Therefore, a remarkable feature of high-frequency communication is based on beam communication.
Based on the high-frequency technology of beam communication, it is necessary to consider the problems of link robustness and system efficiency. At this time, control and data may use different transmit beams, for example, the control considering robustness, and the data considering system performance. In the case of a limited radio frequency link, in order to obtain optimal system efficiency, the user's transmit beam may change instead of always corresponding the optimal transmit beam of the user. In this dynamic transmit beam change scenario, how to receive data is a further problem that is required to be solved.
This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.


A second-stage healing abutment for forming and preserving in the mucosa above a dental implant a transmucosal opening large enough to receive an artificial tooth which faithfully replicates a natural tooth being restored, and a companion transfer coping having identical transmucosal portions for forming in a laboratory model a faithful replica of the transmucosal opening in which to fabricate the artificial tooth, and methods of using the same.

The field of restorative dentistry using artificial roots in the presently-preferred form of osseointegrated cylinder-shaped dental implant fixtures has progressed to the level where attention is now being given to providing restorations on them that closely replicate natural dentition in appearance, especially where the teeth emerge from the gums. The problems of achieving a natural-looking emergence profile are addressed using a technique for fabricating implant-supported restorations directly to an implant fixture, employing custom wax patterns fashioned on abutment cylinders to achieve, for example, a custom-made porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration. This technique is described in published articles which appeared in The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Vol. 3, Number 1, 1988 at pages 25-26 "Single-Tooth Implant Supported Restorations" Lewis, S. G. et al., and Number 3, 1988 at pages 183-189 "The "UCLA" Abutment", Lewis, S. et al. A similar result using a different abutment is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,298, which is owned by the Assignee of the present invention. The problem is incompletely addressed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,111 issued to Daftary Dec. 17, 1991.
The dental restoration of a wholly or partially edentulous patient with dentition supported on dental implant fixtures is now frequently done in two stages. In the first stage the implant fixture is placed and left to integrate with the jawbone. The second stage begins with re-accessing the fixture through the gum and maintaining access with a healing cap or the like, and continues through the fabrication of restorative dentition in the laboratory using measurements and other information taken from time to time from the patient. During that time the patient may have only a healing cap in his or her mouth, or according to more recent and sophisticated procedures the patient may be fitted with temporary dentition from which additional refining measurements can be taken. However, the healing abutments and the transfer copings or pick-up copings of the prior art do not cooperate to provide room for making and installing on the implant an artificial tooth having an aesthetically-pleasing or anatomically-correct emergence profile. The gingival aspect of an implant fixture is, typically not more than about 4.1 mm in diameter, whereas the longer (mesial-distal) dimension of a natural tooth where it emerges from the gum is between about 4.5 mm and about 8.0 mm. According to present practice, healing abutments, which are cylindrical in cross-section, are chosen to approximate the mesial-distal dimension of the tooth being replaced. At the same time, the transfer or pick-up copings of the prior art are all one size, about 4.5 mm in diameter. As a result, a gap is left in the gingiva, around the coping, and impression material fills this gap when an impression is taken. The gingiva also tend to collapse into this gap, resulting in less than accurate replication of the conditions in the patient's mouth. As a further consequence of these problems it is difficult to make soft tissue models accurately. Stone models replicate these errors, and this requires technicians to shape the stone manually to comply with the conditions in the patient's mouth, or risk producing a crown with an inaccurate emergence profile or crown-to-abutment margin which are misplaced. These are severe problems, resulting from the fact that the designers of prior art components have thus far failed to recognize them. The present invention teaches new surgical and laboratory components, and new procedures, which eliminate such inaccurate and time-wasting procedures, and improve the art of making anatomically-correct and aesthetically-pleasing dental restorations.

Dental laboratory components and procedures for anatomical restoration on artificial root fixtures


A magnetic position encoder comprises a magnetic field source and a magnetic field sensor which are movable relative to each other along a given path. The magnetic field sensor measures two components of the magnetic field produced by the magnetic field source. From the measured components a position signal is then derived which represents the relative position of the magnetic field sensor and magnetic field source. Embodiments of the position encoder in accordance with the invention are characterised in that the determination of the position signal includes a division of the two measured components of the magnetic field. These embodiments in accordance with the invention have the advantage that the position signal is a linear function of the position.

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C xc2xa7119 from and incorporates by reference the subject matter of European Patent Application No. 01810298.8 filed Mar. 23, 2001 and European Patent Application No. 01203922.8 filed Oct. 16, 2001.
The invention concerns a device with a magnetic position encoder.
Today, contactless position encoders for distances in the sub-millimetre range are used in large numbers in devices for the engineering and automobile industries.
In applications with which the position encoders are exposed to dirt such as dust, fibres, oil gases, etc, magnetic position encoders present a robust and economic alternative to the widely used optical position encoders because they do not require a sealed enclosure between the moving and stationary machine parts of the device.
A device with a magnetic position encoder is known from DE 197 12 829. This device has a piston with a ring-shaped magnet which is movable along an axis. For determining the position of the piston, two magnetic field sensors are foreseen one of which measures the component of the magnetic field produced by the magnet in axial direction and the other one measures the component of the magnetic field produced by the magnet in radial direction. Here, the axial direction of the magnetic field corresponds to the movement direction of the piston. Because the output signals of the two magnetic field sensors are non-linear, the device is not suitable for determining a position signal corresponding to the continuous position of the piston but only for determining whether the piston has reached a predefined position.
A similar device is known from EP 1 074 815. Here, it is suggested that the output signals of the two magnetic field sensors are combined in order to get a position signal which is suitable for determining the continuous position of the piston. The disadvantage is that this position signal is also non-linear.
A further device for determining whether an element has reached a predetermined positioned is known from EP 726 448.
The object of the invention is to develop a device with a magnetic position encoder which delivers a linear signal over a comparatively large working range.
The magnetic position encoder naturally comprises a magnetic field source and a magnetic field sensor which are movable relative to each other along a given path. The magnetic field sensor measures two components of the magnetic field produced by the magnetic field source. A position signal is then derived from the measured components which represents the relative position of magnetic field sensor and magnetic field source. Designs of the position encoder in accordance with the invention are characterised in that the determination of the position signal includes a division of the two measured components of the magnetic field. These designs in accordance with the invention demonstrate the advantage that the position signal is a linear function of the location.
With a preferred embodiment with which the magnetic field source and the magnetic field sensor move relative to each other along a straight line, the magnetic field produced by the magnetic field source is rotationally symmetric in relation to an axis of symmetry. In accordance with the invention, the magnetic field sensor measures two components of the magnetic field both of which lie in a plane running orthogonally to the axis of symmetry of the magnetic field source. With the relative movement of the magnetic field source and the magnetic field sensor, the direction of the magnetic field in this plane changes in relation to the measurement directions defined through the magnetic field sensor. From this change in direction, a linear position signal can be obtained by means of a division of the two measured magnetic field components.
Even when the magnetic field sensor is arranged rigidly and the magnetic field source moves on a circular path, an almost linear position signal can be obtained from the quotient of the two magnetic field components measured in a specific working range.


Problem: To provide a side airbag apparatus which can prevent the deterioration of the neck damage value of a passenger during a side collision or sufficiently protect the waist of the passenger.

A side airbag apparatus is a safety apparatus which is operated in case of an emergency such as a vehicle collision and, for example, includes a bag shaped cushion. The cushion is expanded and deployed by gas in case of an emergency in order to catch and protect a passenger. The cushion of the side airbag apparatus is expanded and deployed immediately next to the passenger from the side part of a vehicle seat in order to protect the passenger from a side collision and the ensuing rollover.
The cushion of the side airbag apparatus is configured so as to be expanded and deployed mainly by gas pressure and includes a gas generator referred to as an inflator as a gas supply source. A cylinder type (tube shaped) inflator is mainly used for the side airbag apparatus.
All or part of the cylinder type inflator is inserted into the cushion through an insertion hole provided in a base cloth configuring the cushion. The cushion with the inflator inserted therein is housed in a seat back of the vehicle seat together with the inflator while wound or folded in a long shape in the vertical direction of the vehicle.
Patent Document 1 describes an airbag apparatus in which the periphery of an airbag assembly (configured by an inflator and a folded cushion) is covered with a wrapping material which can rupture when the cushion is expanded and deployed. With this airbag apparatus, by covering the periphery of the airbag assembly with the wrapping material, the cushion in the folded state can be prevented from folding and collapsing.

Abstract: Resolution Means: A side airbag apparatus 100 installed in a vehicle, including: a bag shaped cushion 114 which is housed in a seat back 104 of a vehicle seat 102 and expanded and deployed on the side of the vehicle seat utilizing gas supplied from an inflator 116; and a holding part 128 for retaining the shape in the housed state of the cushion, wherein the cushion is wound or folded in a long shape in the vertical direction of the vehicle and housed in the seat back in the shape with the upper part 126 thereof further folded back to the anterior of the vehicle, and wherein the holding part retains the upper part or lower part of the cushion which is folded back to the anterior of the vehicle.


The present invention provides a method of forming a semiconductor device. A layer of photoresist is applied to a semiconductor wafer. A first mask is used to protect a first portion of the photoresist while a second portion of the photoresist is exposed. A second mask is used to expose a third portion of the photoresist wherein the third portion of the photoresist includes part of the first portion of the photoresist. The photoresist is developed to form a photoresist mask.

The present invention relates, in general, to semiconductor devices, and more particularly, to a novel method of forming electrical connections between elements of a semiconductor device.
In the past, the semiconductor industry has utilized a variety of methods to interconnect the various elements used in forming a semiconductor device. Radio frequency (R. F.) power devices is one family of semiconductor devices that generally are formed by such methods. Typically, R. F. power devices are formed by connecting a large number of small individual transistors together in parallel. The amount of current to be carried by the R. F. power device determines the number of small transistors that are used.
One problem with large R. F. power devices is the area required to form the conductor or interconnect pattern. Generally, the reticle of a wafer stepping exposure system is used as a mask to expose photoresist on a semiconductor wafer. Often the pattern to be exposed is too large to fit onto one reticle of a wafer stepping exposure system. Consequently, the interconnect pattern is split into two overlapping sections that fit onto two separate stepper reticles. Using two reticles to form a conductor interconnect mask typically requires several critical alignments to ensure registration of the two images resulting from the two reticles. Such multiple exposures require precise alignment between the two images formed by the two stepper reticles. Also, the multiple exposures require twice as much time to expose the entire interconnect pattern thereby increasing manufacturing costs. Additionally, two sets of stepper reticles must be maintained thereby further increasing manufacturing costs.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have a method of forming large semiconductor devices that does not require more than one stepper reticle, that does not require precise alignment, and that reduces manufacturing costs.

Method of forming a semiconductor device


An additively manufactured component has a plurality of overlapping layers bonded to each other. The plurality of overlapping layers includes at least a first subset of layers, and at least one layer of the at least a first subset of layers includes adjacent tracks bonded to each other. At least one of the adjacent tracks has a tool path pattern that is encoded with information.

Additive manufacturing is a process of creating three-dimensional components by depositing overlapping layers of material under the guided control of a computer. One technique of additive manufacturing is known as material extrusion. Using the material extrusion technique, a matrix material (e.g., a heated and/or pressurized thermoplastic) is extruded through a print head. The print head is moved in a predefined trajectory (a.k.a., a tool path) as the matrix material discharges from the print head, such that the matrix material is laid down in a particular pattern and shape of overlapping layers. The matrix material, after exiting the print head, hardens into a final form.
Although the material extrusion technique and other techniques of additive manufacturing can be efficient ways to produce high-performance and geometrically complex original components, similar looking copies of the component can be easily produced using commercially available printers. In particular, the original components can be scanned to generate data files that represent external features of the original components. These data files can then be fed into the commercially available printers and used to produce copies that appear to be identical to the original components. In some instances, the copies may even be marked, packaged, and/or sold as original components.
The copies, while they may appear identical, may not have identical internal structure or materials or be produced in a manner identical to that (e.g., using an identical tool path) used to produce the original components. As result, the copies may not perform as well as the original components. In addition, the copies may be produced illegally (e.g., without licensed authority from the manufacturer) and, because the copies may appear to be identical to and are sold as the original components, customers may unknowingly purchase the copies in place of the original components. The illegal production and sale of copied components can undercut the market of original components. And when the copies fail prematurely, the customers may attempt to receive undue warranty relief. In some situations, it may be difficult for the manufacture to determine if a failed component is an original or a copy.
Historically, printed components have been fabricated to include hidden anti-counterfeit features that can be used to determine if a given component is an original or a copy. In particular, information about the component was printed onto an intermediate layer inside the part. The information included, for example, a manufacturer's name or logo, an alpha-numeric part number, or other information. Then, when the authenticity of a given component was questioned, that component could be cut open at the intermediate layer to see if the anti-counterfeit features were included.
While the traditional approach to preventing counterfeit printing of components may be somewhat successful, it can also be problematic. In particular, it may be difficult to determine where the part should be cut open to find the corresponding anti-counterfeit features. In addition, the anti-counterfeit features can interrupt a continuous structure of the component, creating weak points in the component. Similarly, voids created in and around these features e.g., between letters, numbers, and/or images) may create weak points in the component. Finally, some traditional anti-counterfeit features may, themselves, be easy to copy once their existence within the component is determined.
The disclosed method and component are directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above and/or other problems of the prior art,

Method for printing component with anti-counterfeit features


Embodiments of golf club heads comprising a nanocomposite to attenuate sound of the club head are described herein. The nanocomposite comprises graphene and a polymer. The graphene can be in the form of a powder, where the graphene is suspended within the polymer. The nanocomposite can be disposed within an interior surface of the club head. The nanocomposite can be applied to selected portions of the club head such as behind the strike face. The nanocomposite comprising graphene and the polymer can provide an alternative filler material over homogenous materials to attenuate the sound to provide a pleasing sound and feel to a golfer.

Golf club design takes into account several performance characteristics, such as sound attenuation. Golf club design aims to provide a pleasing sound and feel to a golfer during impacts with a golf ball to ensure the golfer is confident in their hitting performance. In addition, these characteristics provide feedback regarding how well the ball has been struck by the golfer. Typically, sound attenuation is achieved through inserting a material with damping properties within the club head. Typically, these filler materials provide damping properties, but providing additional mass to the club head affects the club head characteristics such as center of gravity location or moment of inertia. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a low mass filler material that provides a means for attenuating the sound of the club head after golf ball impacts.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. The same reference numerals in different figures denote the same elements.

Hollow body club heads with filler materials


An optical system includes a first optical group configured to form, at a first intermediate image plane, a first intermediate image of an object disposed at an object plane; a second optical group and a third optical group configured to form, at an image plane, a final image of the object based on the first intermediate image. The first optical group consists of a solid lens having a first surface and a concave second surface facing the first surface; the solid lens is configured to collect light originated at the object and to reflect thereinside at least twice the collected light. The second optical group includes at least one mangin mirror and the third optical group includes a plurality of lenses. The first, second and third optical groups can appropriately control axial chromatic aberration and Petzval curvature, so that imaging with high NA illumination may be performed.

Optical systems used in microscopy or lithography and capable of imaging small structures down to the scale of a few microns or less on the surface of an object are well known. To produce a good image, an optical system must collect enough light reflected from (or transmitted through) the object, separate the details in the image, magnify the image, and render the details visible to the human eye or an optical detector. The numerical aperture (NA) of the optical system is a measure of its ability to gather light and resolve fine object details at a fixed object distance. The optical system's ability to resolve the fine details and produce a good image is hindered by optical aberrations. Most aberrations are caused by artifacts arising from the interaction of light with optical elements (lenses or mirrors). In particular, chromatic aberrations arise from variations in the refractive indices of the optical elements when interacting with the wide range of frequencies found in the spectrum of light, in particular when imaging with visible light. In general, optical aberrations introduce optical defects in the features of an image being observed through an optical system, thereby degrading the optical system's performance.
In an optical microscope, the optical system closest to the object being imaged is referred to as the objective optical system or simply the "objective"; it forms a real, inverted, magnified image of the object. This image is referred to as an intermediate image and resides in the plane of the field stop of the eyepiece. An objective's numerical aperture influences a number of factors including resolving power, working distance, field of view, and the amount of light collected by the objective. The working distance is the space between the front most surface of the objective optical system and the surface the object closest thereto. The working distance determines what is referred to as the "object space", i.e., the space between the entrance surface of the first lens in the objective and the object plane. The field of view (FOV) is the area of the object, at the working distance, seen through the objective at one time. The resolving power is the ability of an imaging device to separate (see as distinct) points of an object that are located at a small angular distance from each other. NA influences both the resolving power of the objective optical system and the amount of light that it can collect. Generally, the NA represents the range of angles for which light can be delivered to or collected from an object being imaged using a specific objective design. While many factors must be considered when designing objective optical systems, the ultimate goal is to reduce the number of aberrations.
One of the problems arising from imaging with high NA illumination is chromatic aberration. As it is known to persons having ordinary skill in the art, chromatic aberrations arise from variations in the refractive index of material when interacting with different wavelengths of light. Specifically, for example, when white light passes through a lens, the component wavelengths are refracted according to their frequency. In a positive lens, blue light is refracted to the greatest extent followed by the green and red light components. The inability of a lens to bring all of the colors into a common focus results in a slightly different image size and focal point for each predominant wavelength component. This phenomenon is known as axial chromatic aberration. Additional lateral chromatic aberration may occur when white light is focused off-axis or when the white light source is placed even slightly off-axis. Correcting chromatic aberration, in particular, across the visible spectrum including wavelengths ranging from approximately 400 nm (nanometers) to 700 nm is particularly challenging. Normally, a microscope can be thought of as a positive lens. In that sense, the power of the positive lens produces what is known as "undercorrected" axial chromatic aberration. To compensate for it, overcorrected axial chromatic aberration is intentionally generated by adding specially designed optical elements within the microscope's optical system.
Another problem related to imaging with high NA illumination is the possibility of total internal reflection (TIR). Specifically, TIR can occur when light having a large angle of incidence is refracted, especially, in a lens-air interface as discussed infra with respect to FIG. 2. TIR can be prevented by using a coupling fluid whose index of refraction matches as closely as possible that of the front most surface of the objective optical system.
In addition, image field curvature is another imaging aspect to be considered. Specifically, since an image of a sample is generally captured by a sensor, such as CCD (charged coupled device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) sensor, which has a flat surface, a flat image is required at the plane where the sensor is located. Generally, however, since a microscope can be regarded as a positive lens, the power of the positive lens generates an image having an inward-curving field. The curvature of the resulting image is known as the Petzval curvature. To compensate for inward Petzval curvature, an outward-curving field is intentionally generated by adding specially designed optical elements within the microscope's optical system. Specifically, using a concave mirror has been known to be an effective method for compensating the inward Petzval curvature. It is clear, therefore, that correction of aberrations can a considerable number of lens elements to the objective optical system. This significant increase in the number of optical elements often results in a tight fit and difficult to align, oversized objective system.
In consideration of the above background, previous attempts to increase the numerical aperture and minimize aberrations have been made. International patent application PCT/US2008/078493, published as WO 2009/046137 A1, by Hwang et al., (herein "Hwang") discloses, for example, an optical imaging system with a catadioptric objective that is claimed to minimize chromatic aberration and optimize the correction of Petzval curvature, so that an image with flat Petzval field may be obtained. The NA in Hwang's optical imaging system, however, is less than 1.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,646,533B2 to Chuang et al. (herein "Chuang") discloses various embodiments of a small catadioptric objective with ultra-high NA. The objective includes a lens group having at least one focusing lens that forms an intermediate image. The objective further includes at least one field lens located in proximity to the intermediate image, and a catadioptric system positioned to receive the intermediate image from the at least one field lens. The catadioptric system includes at least one Mangin element and can include a meniscus lens element. Although Chuang's system is termed "ultra-high NA", NA is less than 1.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,608 to Shafer et al., (herein "Shafer") discloses a catadioptric objective that forms two intermediate images. The objective includes two refractive partial objectives and one catadioptric partial objective. The objective includes a first partial objective, a first intermediate a image, a second partial objective, a second intermediate image, and a third partial objective. At least one of the partial objectives is purely refractive. One of the partial objectives is purely refractive and one is purely catoptric. According to Shafer, the catoptric partial objective carries the burden of Petzval sum reduction or field flattening. This relieves the refractive partial objective from the need for beam contractions and expansions by negative and positive lens groups. However, the objective disclosed by Shafer is a projection objective limited to be used in a microlithography projection exposure apparatus that operates primarily in the deep ultra-violet (DUV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Lastly, U.S. Pat. No. 7,884,998 to J. Joseph Armstrong (herein "Armstrong") discloses a catadioptric microscope objective employing immersion liquid for use in broadband microscopy. The objective receives light energy from a light energy source configured to provide light energy in a wavelength range of approximately 480 to 660 nanometers, employs a Mangin mirror arrangement in conjunction with an immersion liquid to provide a numerical aperture in excess of 1.0 and a field size in excess of 0.05 millimeters. As acknowledged by Armstrong, problems with immersion objectives employed within immersion imaging systems include the inability to resolve the image in the presence of either low wavelength or broad wavelength range light energy, or in the presence of different types of illumination and imaging modes. Further, immersion techniques cannot be universally employed with objectives available in standard microscopes.
Therefore, in spite of the advances attained by the present state of the art, currently available objectives do not allow imaging over a large FOV. To the best of the inventor's knowledge, currently available immersion objectives can at most offer a NA of approximately 1.3, a FOV no higher than approximately 1 millimeter, and wavefront R.M.S. equal to or less than 70 mλ (milli-lambda). No immersion objectives are currently known to the inventor herein that can simultaneously support broad wavelengths in the spectral range of approximately 400 to 700 nm, exhibit large FOV sizes, accept light with high NAs equal to or greater than 1.60, and generate wavefronts with R.M.S. errors equal to or less than 40 mλ.

Catadioptric optical system with high numerical aperture


A boat or navigation aid including a top, at least two posts extending upward from the top, and at least one line between the posts to prevent sea birds from landing on the top.

The invention relates to deterring sea birds from landing on boats and navigation aids.
Sea birds, e.g., sea gulls and, in some locations, cormorants, often land on the tops of motor boats and on navigation aids (e.g., buoys providing visual and/or audible alarms, whether electrically powered or not) and leave droppings that often need to be removed, sometimes with great effort and considerable health hazard. In some installations, e.g., where a solar panel is employed to charge batteries which power a light or alarm, the droppings can obscure the solar panel and interfere with its proper operation.

Sea bird deterrent for boats and navigation aids


In one embodiment a vaccine composition comprises two or three AChR subunit constructs and an adjuvant. In some embodiments the AChR subunit construct is an AChR α1 subunit construct, an AChR β1 subunit construct, an AChR γ subunit construct, an AChR δ subunit construct, or an AChR ε subunit construct. In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating myasthenia gravis in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering a vaccine composition comprising one or more acetylcholine receptor subunit constructs selected from the group consisting of AChR α1 subunit, AChR β1 subunit, AChR γ subunit, AChR δ subunit, AChR ε subunit, a fragment thereof, and a combination thereof, and an adjuvant.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) are caused by T-cell dependent antibody-mediated autoimmune responses to acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), in which neuromuscular transmission is impaired by loss of AChRs and disruption of postsynaptic membrane morphology. Pathological autoantibodies are directed at extracellular domains of muscle AChRs, especially conformation-dependent epitopes such as the main immunogenic region (MIR). What causes the autoimmune response to AChRs in MG is not known. EAMG can be induced by immunization with AChRs from fish electric organs, mammalian muscle, or by the MIR sequences in a chimera with ACh binding protein that preserves the native conformation of the MIR.
There is currently no cure for MG.
MG is treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (with modest efficacy in improving neurotransmission) and nonspecific immunosuppressants (whose beneficial effects may be delayed for months and can cause severe side effects). Although current treatments for MG can help most patients achieve clinical remission, a small but important proportion of MG patients do not tolerate or are resistant to the current treatments. There is no specific immunosuppressive therapy.

Acetylcholine receptor-specific immunosuppressive compositions and methods of treatment of myasthenia gravis

THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA


A compound semiconductor device includes a substrate; a compound semiconductor layer formed on the substrate; a first insulating film formed on the compound semiconductor layer; a second insulating film formed on the first insulating film; and a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, each being formed on the compound semiconductor layer, wherein the gate electrode is formed of a first opening filled with a first conductive material via at least a gate insulator, and the first opening is formed in the first insulating film and configured to partially expose the compound semiconductor layer, and wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are formed of a pair of second openings filled with at least a second conductive material, and the second openings are formed in at least the second insulating film and the first insulating film and configured to partially expose the compound semiconductor layer.

Nitride semiconductor devices have features, such as high saturated electron velocity and wide band gaps, and thus have been actively developed as high-voltage, high-power semiconductor devices. With respect to nitride semiconductor devices, many reports of field-effect transistors, in particular, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been published. In particular, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs including electron transit layers composed of GaN and electron supply layers composed of AlGaN have been attracting attention. For AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, the difference in lattice constant between GaN and AlGaN causes strain in AlGaN. The strain-induced piezoelectric polarization and the spontaneous polarization of AlGaN results in a high-density two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), thereby achieving high breakdown voltage and high output power. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have been attracting attention as semiconductor devices for use in power supplies and high-frequency amplifiers.
Nitride semiconductor devices, such as AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, include gate electrodes, source electrodes, and drain electrodes on nitride semiconductor layers including, for example, electron transit layers and electron supply layers. The gate electrodes, the source electrodes, and the drain electrodes are formed using what is called a lift-off process.
To form a source electrode and a drain electrode, a resist is applied on a nitride semiconductor layer and processed by lithography to form a resist mask having openings located at portions of the mask corresponding to portions of the layer where the source electrode and the drain electrode will be formed. For example, Ti/Al is used as an electrode material. Ti/Al is deposited by vapor evaporation or the like on the resist mask in such a manner that the openings are filled with Ti/Al. The resist mask and Ti/Al deposited on the mask are removed by the lift-off process. Then heat treatment of a substrate forms ohmic contacts. Thereby, the source electrode and the drain electrode are formed on the nitride semiconductor layer.
To form the gate electrode, the resist is applied on the nitride semiconductor layer and processed by lithography to form a resist mask having an opening located at a portion of the mask corresponding to a portion of the layer where the gate electrode will be formed. For example, Ni/Au is used as an electrode material. Ni/Au is deposited by vapor evaporation or the like on the resist mask in such a manner that the opening is filled with Ni/Au. The resist mask and Ni/Au deposited on the mask are removed by the lift-off process. Thereby, the gate electrode is formed between the source electrode and the drain electrode on the nitride semiconductor layer.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-270521 is an example of related art.

Method of manufacturing compound semiconductor device with gate electrode forming before source electrode and drain electrode


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an insulated electric wire and an apparatus for manufacturing an insulated electric wire that can stably manufacture a conductor having a larger sectional width according to desired dimensions as compared to the rolling where the conductor is rolled by a pair of rolling rolls free-rotated, and that can conduct the entire process in a tandem arrangement.

A conventional method of manufacturing an insulated electric wire is disclosed (see prior art document) wherein the insulated electric wire covered by an insulating coat has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In the prior art, a conductor having a circular cross-sectional shape is rolled by a pair of rolls constituting a cassette roll die CRD to form the rectangular cross-sectional shape. Then, the conductor having the rectangular cross-sectional shape is annealed in an annealing furnace so as to remove distortion formed therein upon rolling to become flexible. Next, enamel varnish is covered on the conductor after annealing, and the enamel varnish covered on the conductor is baked in a baking furnace. The prior art document is Japanese Patent Publication No. 3604337.
In the conventional method of manufacturing the insulated electric wire, free rolls rotating freely without a drive mechanism are adopted as the pair of rolls. A distance between the rolls is adjusted small such that the conductor can be rolled in a width direction thereof, while passing through the distance between the rolls (see the prior art document).
For example, a reduction rate by one pair of free rolls is desirably in a range between 5% and 30%. When the reduction rate by the free rolls exceeds a predetermined value, the conductor is not rolled in the width direction even upon the rolling through the free rolls, and rolled in the lengthwise direction thereof.
That is, when the reduction rate by the free rolls is over the predetermined value, an angle of the conductor rolled with the rolls becomes large, thereby increasing a back tension applied to the conductor.
Therefore, when the reduction rate by the free rolls is large, a force exceeding a breaking load is applied to the conductor so that the conductor may be broken out upon the rolling operation.
As a result, according to the conventional method, only the conductor having a rectangular cross-sectional shape and a ratio of a thickness to a width of about 1:2 is manufactured.
In the conventional method, a driving roll is employed and the rolling rolls rotate at a predetermined speed, it is difficult to stably manufacture the conductor having a desired width due to facility-associated factors.
Further, in order to improve product quality and extend a length of the insulated electric wire, it is necessary to perform an entire process from the rolling where the conductor having the circular cross-sectional shape is rolled to have the rectangular cross-sectional shape to the enamel varnish-coating and baking process in a tandem arrangement. However, it is difficult to conduct the manufacturing process in the tandem arrangement because of width instability of the conductor.

Manufacturing method for insulated electric wire and its manufacturing apparatus


A high brilliance mass selected (Z-selected) negative ion and neutral beam source having good energy resolution. The source is based upon laser resonance ionization of atoms or molecules in a small gaseous medium followed by charge exchange through an alkali oven. The source is capable of producing microampere beams of an extremely wide variety of negative ions, and milliampere beams when operated in the pulsed mode.

This invention relates generally to ion beam sources and more particularly to ion beam sources generated through the use of laser resonance ionization as the initial ionizing mechanism. This invention is a result of a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Many of today's basic and applied research technologies require extremely bright sources of mass selected negative ion beams or neutral beams. Injection into high-energy tandem accelerators relies on intense mass selected negative ion sources. Sputtering and ion implanation of solids also require intense negative ion beams. In the art, various means have been used in the past for producing mass selected negative ion beams and neutral beams which generally require rather complicated components of apparatus to produce the required ion beams. In an attempt to reduce the complexity of ion beam generators, laser applications have been suggested in which the laser light of monochromatic-wavelength resonate with the energy level of the material to be ionized is used to produce mass selected positive ions which are then accelerated from the region onto a substrate or directed into an evacuated beam tube for transport to a location where the ion beam is ultimately used by a utiliation device. The turnable laser provides high intensity and mass selected ion beams of low divergence and narrow energy spread. The present invention relates to this type of ion beam generator.

High brilliance negative ion and neutral beam source

The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy


In some embodiments, the present invention provides for an exemplary inventive system that may include executable program code and a computer processor which, when executing the particular program code, is configured to perform operations of: receiving, for a population of energy consuming physical assets, asset-specific historical data and asset-specific current energy consumption data from utility meter(s), sensor(s), or both; determining, for each respective physical asset category, each respective frequency of breakdowns and each respective average severity of each breakdown; determining, an adjusted breakdown loss value per each physical asset for each respective physical asset category; determining a respective average current energy consumption value per each physical asset for each respective physical asset category; associating each respective energy consuming location to a particular physical asset category; generating, based on usage-based breakdown insurance premium value of the respective energy consuming location, an electronic alert configured to affect the location-specific level of energy usage of the at least one energy consuming physical asset.

The present era of computing has introduced an array of small devices that perform a variety of specific functions. For example, sensors or sensor devices are undergoing significant advances in structure and low power technology. In some applications, sensors may utilize micro-electromechanical systems, or MEMS, technology. Sensors may include more than one component, such as an embedded processor, digital storage, power source, a transceiver, and an array of sensors, environmental detectors, and/or actuators. In some cases, sensors may rely on small batteries, solar-powered cell, or ambient energy for power, and run for long periods of time without maintenance. In some applications, sensors may reside within or be attached to one or more units of equipment and be tasked with collecting data regarding one or more operational and/or environmental conditions of the associated equipment.

Computer systems and computer-implemented methods utilizing sensor-driven dynamically adjustable feedback loops to manage equipment based risk on an asset specific level of energy data usage

THE HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION AND INSURANCE COMPANY


There is disclosed herein examples of systems and methods for compressing a signal. Samples of the signal can be segmented and the samples within each of the segments can be averaged to produce a value that can represent the samples within the segment. The number of samples to average in each segment may be determined based on an error threshold, such that the number of samples being averaged can be maximized to produce less data to be transmitted while maintaining the representation of the samples within the error threshold. In some embodiments, a signal can be separated into a timing reference, a representative periodic function, and a highly compressible error signal. The error signal can be utilized for reproducing a representation of the signal.

With the advent of mobile devices and the limited supply of power from the battery of the mobile devices, providing power-efficient wireless communication of data has been prevented as a challenge. In particular, transmission of data via a transmitter of a mobile device can drain the power from the battery. Some legacy approaches to reduce the power drain of wireless communication include generating compressed signals representing an original signal, where the compressed signals could be transmitted while drawing less power than transmission of the original signal. However, the legacy approaches struggle with providing inadequate representations of the original signal due to the compression and/or lacking optimization of the compression leading to lack of optimization of the power draw.


A surface light source apparatus includes: a fluorescent discharge tube having a bent portion; a light guide plate which has a corner portion facing the bent portion; a rear frame which receives the light guide plate and is formed of a resin material; and a middle frame which is provided parallel with the rear frame and is formed of a resin material. The rear frame or the middle frame has a protrusion which is in contact with the corner portion. The bent portion of the fluorescent discharge tube is disposed in a gap between the protrusion and the side surface of the rear frame.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a surface light source apparatus used in a transmissive type or semi-transmissive type display device.
2. Background Art
In a conventional surface light source apparatus, a rubber holder is attached to a bent corner portion of a U-shaped fluorescent discharge tube and a light guide plate is attached adjacent to the rubber holder, as disclosed in JP-A-2000-194280.
In a liquid crystal display device disclosed in JP-A-2003-29262, a light guide plate is fixed by a protrusion formed on a metallic chassis, and an L-shaped fluorescent discharge tube is inserted between a rising portion of the metallic chassis and a fixed post included in a resin cabinet to hold the light guide plate and the L-shaped fluorescent discharge tube.
In an edge-light type backlight disclosed in JP-A-2001-35235, a light guide plate is positioned by a pawl formed by cutting and erecting a portion of a casing formed by processing metal such as aluminum, and the light guide plate and a U-shaped fluorescent discharge tube are received in the casing.
In the conventional lighting unit disclosed in JP-A-2000-194280, since the rubber holder is provided in the bent corner portion of the U-shaped fluorescent discharge tube, the tube wall temperature of the bent corner portion of the U-shaped fluorescent discharge tube is reduced to be lower than that of a portion, in which the rubber holder is not provided, by at least 5° C., due to heat transmission to a back cover and a casing.
In the liquid crystal display device disclosed in JP-A-2003-29262, since the L-shaped fluorescent discharge tube is inserted between the fixed post and the metallic chassis, the tube wall temperature of the fluorescent discharge tube is reduced due to heat transmission to the metallic chassis.
In the edge-light type backlight disclosed in JP-A-2001-35235, since the U-shaped fluorescent discharge tube is received in the casing formed of aluminum, the tube wall temperature of the fluorescent discharge tube is reduced due to the heat transmission to the casing.
Particularly, in a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (hereinafter, referred to as CCFL) which is a narrow tube having an outer diameter φ of about 2.4 mm (inner diameter: 1.8 mm), which is being employed so as to realize slimness, compactness and high brightness, mercury in the CCFL is condensed (unevenly distributed) at a bent corner portion of the U-shaped CCFL having a low temperature due to the characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the amount of mercury necessary for a light emitting portion lacks in the CCFL, and thus the lifetime of the CCFL is reduced to a short time such as several hundreds to several thousands hours (halving of initial brightness) even in a general use state. The tube wall temperature of a portion other than the bent corner portion is reduced and thus the brightness deteriorates due to the condensation (uneven distribution) of mercury.


A rolling member includes a rolling shaft; rolling wheels fixed to two ends of the rolling shaft, rolling surfaces of the rolling wheels being sleeved with flexible loops respectively; at least one first engagement structure provided on a rolling surface of each rolling wheel; at least one second engagement structure provided on a surface of each flexible loop facing toward the rolling surface of the rolling wheel; wherein the at least one first engagement structure engages with the at least one second engagement structure.

When display panels are manufactured, it is generally necessary to clean glass substrates of the display panels firstly. At present, the glass substrates are usually transported by a transport apparatus with double rolling wheels. And front and back surfaces of the glass substrate are cleaned by utilizing high-pressure water to achieve the purpose of cleaning during the transporting process.

BEIJING BOE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A lap blank and holder assembly includes a lap blank having two spaced apart flat surfaces separated by a given thickness and formed from a material capable of compressing about a member inserted into it. The holder has a projection extending outwardly from a front face thereof and is inserted into the material making up the lap to secure it against rotational and shifting movement while being cut in a surfacing machine. This arrangement further allows the assembly to be placed as an assembly in a finishing machine for subsequent polishing of a cut lens surface in an off-axis polishing procedure.

This invention relates to a disposable lap blank capable of being custom cut to fit the prescribed contour of a lens blank thus allowing for off-axis polishing of the lens blank through the intermediary of the custom fit lap wherein the improvement in such lap includes a means provided in the disposable lap for receiving a holder capable of mounting it for cutting to a surfacing machine and subsequently to a finishing or polishing machine for polishing of the lens blank for which it was custom cut.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,989,316 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PRESCRIPTION EYEGLASS LENSES, issued to Logan, et al. on Feb. 5, 1991, commonly assigned herewith, and in the aforesaid copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/604,052, entitled SINGLE BLOCK MOUNTING SYSTEM FOR SURFACING AND EDGING OF A LENS BLANK AND METHOD THEREFOR, a disposable lap blank is disclosed wherein the lap is adapted to be held in driving rotation in a surfacing machine which shapes it by cutting in order create thereon an inverse profile of the surface cut into the lens. Additionally, it is therein disclosed to utilize the same lap and associated holding means to secure the custom cut lap blank on a finishing machine wherein the cut lens surface undergoes polishing. Hitherto the holding means used to generically mount the lap blank in its initial uncut state to the surfacing machine and subsequently after cutting to a polishing machine, was carried by the blank as an integral part thereof. This involved the use of a steel backing plate which during the manufacturing process of the stock laps first had to be mounted to the rear face of the lap blank on a raised portion thereof to allow gripping of it by the respective surfacing and finishing machines. Fabricating the stock lap blank piece with the metal plate was very labor intensive. First, it required the worker to carefully align the raised portion of the lap blank with the plate. An adhesive applied to the plate caused it to be bonded with the lap at the angle it dried at regardless of whether it was perfectly aligned with the underlying portion. Any such misalignment would adversely affect the outcome of the lens being made in that the plate and the underlying raised portion might be gripped at different angular orientations by the different means used for holding the blank in each of the surfacing and finishing machines. This is especially critical in the situation where laps having a very high cylinder component to them are so misaligned with the backing plate such that even the slightest twist or axis shift can be critical to the polishing result sought to be achieved. Additionally, in these previously known lap blanks it was required during the manufacturing process to affix a small magnetic piece at a designated location on the lap for the purpose of indicating to the surfacing machine that it was presently cutting a lap blank rather than a lens blank and that the inverse of the lens configuration was to be cut instead into the lap blank thereby customizing it to fit the lens configuration. Such individual fitting of magnetic pieces to each of the laps added still another labor intensive step involved in their manufacture. This practice was further made cost ineffective by the magnetic strip having to be thrown away with the disposable blank after use.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disposable lap blank wherein the improvement comprises a separate holder having a means which releasably, yet securably engages the lap blank to hold it in such orientation while the lap surface is either being cut in a surfacing machine or while the lap is being used to polish the cut lens surface. In keeping with the foregoing object, a more specific object of the invention is to provide in a lens making system, a lap blank and associated holder assembly wherein the holder is adapted to be received and held generically in driving engagement within the lens surfacing machine and within the polishing machine thus avoiding the hitherto problems associated with fabricating the mounting parts on the disposable lap.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a disposable lap and a reusable holder assembly of the aforementioned type wherein the holder is readily secured to the disposable lap blank in a given orientation through the intermediary of coengaged pieces adapted to releasably yet securably hold the two members to one another.
Yet still a further object of the present invention is to provide a lap blank holder of the aforementioned type where in the holder is configured such that it is readily held in a given orientation by the user allowing it to be inserted into the lap blank without significant aligning checks being made.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following Disclosure and the appended claims.


A circuit for detecting a phase error between a clock signal and a beam position includes a beam generator, a sensor, and a phase detector. The beam generator directs a beam toward a beam sweeper in response to the clock signal, and the sensor detects the beam as directed from the beam sweeper. The phase detector determines from the detected beam the error in the clock phase relative to the beam position. Such a circuit can automatically detect the phase error in the pixel clock and correct this error, thus eliminating the need for a manual phase-error corrector. The circuit may also be able to adjust the width and/or the height of a scan region, and thus may also be able to adjust the width and/or height of an image frame within the scan region.

Referring to FIG. 1, in a scanned-image system 10 that sweeps a beam 12 to generate or capture an image (not shown in FIG. 1), the image may exhibit noticeable distortion if the pixel clock (not shown in FIG. 1) is not synchronized to the position of the beam.
Assume, for example, that the scanned-image system 10 is a bidirectional image-generating system. A beam sweeper, such as a microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirror 14, rotates back and forth about an axis 16 to sweep the beam 12 through a scan angle 2θ such that each left-to-right and right-to-left sweep of the beam generates a respective line of the image (not shown in FIG. 1). In an image plane 18, which may be occupied by a display screen or, in the case of a virtual retinal display, by a viewer's retina, the mirror 14 sweeps the beam 12 through a scan distance D. Although in this example the generated image is described as spanning the entire scan distance D, the image may span only a portion of the scan distance as discussed below in conjunction with FIGS. 2-4. Furthermore, although three instances of the swept beam 12 are shown, it is understood that the beam may be in only one position at any one time. According to alternative embodiments, a plurality of beams 12 may be swept across the image plane 18.
The pixel clock (not shown in FIG. 1) dictates the pixel that the beam 12 generates at a particular time; therefore, if the pixel clock is synchronized with the position of the beam, then the pixel clock causes the beam to generate a left-most pixel of the image (not shown in FIG. 1) when the beam is in the left-most position L, a center pixel when the beam is in the center position C, and a right-most pixel when the beam is in the right-most position R.
But if the pixel clock is not synchronized with, i.e., is out of phase with, the position of the beam 12, then the generated image may be distorted to a degree that is proportional to the phase error between the pixel clock and the beam. As an extreme example of this phase-error distortion, assume that the phase of the pixel clock lags the position of the beam 12 by D/2 during a left-to-right sweep of the beam; consequently, the pixel clock causes the beam to generate a left-most pixel of the image when the beam is in the center position C, and to generate a center pixel when the beam is in the right position R. And during the following right-to-left sweep of the beam 12, the pixel clock causes the beam to generate the right-most pixel of the previous line when the beam is in the center position C of the current line.
Referring to FIGS. 2-4, an example of the image distortion resulting from a phase error in a pixel clock (not shown in FIGS. 2-4) of the scanned-image system 10 (FIG. 1) is discussed in more detail. In this example, the MEMS mirror 14 resonates back and forth from left to right, thus causing the position of the beam 12 to be sinusoidal relative to time as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a plot of the horizontal position of the beam 12 in the image plane 18 (FIG. 1) versus time over one sweep period T (one left-to-right sweep followed by one right-to-left sweep), with horizontal position being plotted on the vertical axis. Image fields 20 and 22, which the beam respectively generates during the left-to-right and right-to-left sweeps, indicate respective field positions for a pixel-clock phase error of zero. Image fields 24 and 26, which the beam 12 respectively generates during the left-to-right and right-to-left sweeps, indicate respective field positions for an illustrative non-zero pixel-clock phase error.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of an undistorted image frame 28 formed in the image plane 18 by the interleave of the left-to-right and right-to-left image fields 20 and 22 of FIG. 2 for a zero pixel-clock phase error.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a distorted image frame 30 formed in the image plane 18 by the interleave of the left-to-right and right-to-left image fields 24 (solid line) and 26 (dashed line) of FIG. 2 for a nonzero pixel-clock phase error.
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, assume that one desires to generate within a scan region 31 of the image plane 18 an image frame 28, which includes a vertical line 32 located at a horizontal position between D/5 and 4D/5; therefore, the frame 28 has a width W=3D/5 and is horizontally centered within the scan region. The scan region 31 is defined in the horizontal dimension by the scan distance D and in the vertical dimension by a scan distance V. Borders 34a and 34b between the sides of the scan region 31 and the image frame 28, here indicated as being D/5 wide, may be included, for instance to reduce raster-pinch distortion or provide one or more other advantages.
Because the pixel-clock phase error equals zero, during each left-to-right sweep of the beam 12 the pixel clock may cause the beam to generate a respective horizontal line of the left-to-right image field 20 for a duration Timagefield between times t1 and t2, which respectively correspond to the beam positions D/5 and 4D/5. Some of the horizontal sweeps of the left-to-right image field 20 include segments 36 of the vertical line 32.
Likewise, during each right-to-left sweep of the beam 12, the pixel clock may cause the beam to generate a respective horizontal line of a right-to-left image field 22 for the duration Timagefield between times t3 and t4, which also respectively correspond to the beam positions 4D/5 and D/5. Some of the horizontal sweeps of the right-to-left image field 22 include segments 38 of the vertical line 32.
Referring to FIG. 3, because both of the image fields 20 and 22 are centered within the scan region 31 and have the same horizontal width W and vertical height H, these fields are aligned in the both the horizontal and vertical dimensions; consequently, the vertical-line segments 36 and 38 are aligned such that in the image frame 28, the vertical line 32 has straight edges.
Referring to FIGS. 1-2 and 4, however, a phase error between the pixel clock and the position of the beam 12 may cause the vertical line 32 to appear jagged, or in the extreme case illustrated in FIG. 4, appear as two separate vertical lines 32a and 32b. For example, assume that the pixel clock lags the beam position by a time Tlag. Therefore, during each left-to-right sweep of the beam 12, the pixel clock causes the beam to generate a respective horizontal line of a left-to-right image field 24 from time t1′ to time t2′. Likewise, during each right-to-left sweep of the beam 12, the pixel clock causes the beam to generate a respective horizontal line of a right-to-left image field 26 from time t3′ to time t4′. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 4, the image field 24 (solid line) is shifted to the right relative to the center of the scan region 31, and the image field 26 (dashed line) is shifted to the left such that these fields are not horizontally aligned as are the image fields 20 and 22 of FIG. 3. This shifting of the image frames 24 and 26 in opposite directions causes the resulting image frame 30 to be distorted in the horizontal dimension. And this distortion causes a misalignment of the vertical-line segments 36 and 38 such that the vertical line 32 now appears to a viewer (not shown) as the two vertical lines 32a and 32b, or for a smaller phase error, as a single vertical line 32 with jagged edges (not shown). Although not shown in FIGS. 3-4, distortion can occur in the vertical dimension if the pixel clock is not synchronized to the vertical position of the beam 12.

Circuit for detecting a clock error in a scanned-image system and related circuits, systems, and methods


A machine-learned image compression model includes a first encoder configured to generate a first image code based at least in part on first image data. The first encoder includes a first series of convolutional layers configured to generate a first series of respective feature maps based at least in part on the first image. A second encoder is configured to generate a second image code based at least in part on second image data and includes a second series of convolutional layers configured to generate a second series of respective feature maps based at least in part on the second image and disparity-warped feature data. Respective parametric skip functions associated convolutional layers of the second series are configured to generate disparity-warped feature data based at least in part on disparity associated with the first series of respective feature maps and the second series of respective feature maps.

Many applications such as autonomous vehicles and three-dimensional movies involve the use of stereo camera pairs. These arrays of cameras oftentimes capture and store massive quantities of data per day, which require good image compression algorithms to ensure an efficient use of space. Some approaches to image compression include compressing the image streams from each camera separately. However, such approaches may be inefficient through their view of the images independently. Hence, there is a need for improved compression method for images.

Compression of images having overlapping fields of view using machine-learned models


Fullerene inhibited the decrease in cell proliferation ability of chondrocytes which is observed when cultured chondrocytes are treated with a cartilage degenerating factor (IL-1β or H2O2). Fullerene inhibited production of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, 3 and 13) which is induced in cultured chondrocytes by cartilage degenerating factors. Fullerene restored the decrease in cartilage matrix (proteoglycan) synthesizing ability which is observed in treating cultured chondrocytes with cartilage degenerating factors. In an analysis using an osteoarthritis rabbit model, the progress of cartilage degeneration was reduced by administering fullerene. Moreover, the dynamic friction coefficient was decreased by adding fullerene to synovial fluid.

With the arrival of an aging society, the development of countermeasures and preventive methods against bone and joint diseases/motor organ diseases such as osteoarthritis has been attracting attention as an urgent social task. In Japan, the estimated number of osteoporosis patients is about ten million, and the estimated number of osteoarthritis patients is seven to ten million. The number of patients having impairments that affect daily life tends to increase year by year. Most of the treatments of joint diseases/motor organ diseases are guidance for improving daily movements (muscle exercises, use of supporters/braces, and the like) and symptomatic therapies using anti-inflammatory analgesic agents, efficacies of which are not satisfactory. Articular symptoms worsen with age, and surgical treatments (using artificial joints and the like) are being selected for cases with osteoarticular destruction or alignment irregularities. However, these surgical treatments have many issues such as cost and infection, and furthermore, some patients are forced to replace their artificial joints after several years or several decades due to longevity.
Preventive methods and early countermeasures are required for motor organ diseases since tissues get damaged with time following disease onset, and articular cartilage tissues are extremely poor in repairability. However, neither effective treatments nor medical techniques have yet been established. Therefore, the establishment of novel pharmaceutical agents and therapeutic strategies showing a clinical efficacy against age-related motor organ diseases is urgently needed to maintain high activities of daily living (ADL) in an aging society.
In the process of bone and joint disease formation, deterioration of bone/chondrocyte environment (degeneration of osteocartilaginous matrix caused by external stress, following enzymatic degradation, inflammation, immune response, and the like) decreases the homeostasis/repairability of osteoarticular tissues, and articular degeneration/destruction progresses with time. Among inducers of motor organ diseases, oxygen free radicals (oxidative stress) are most important. All somatic cells produce reactive oxygen species during the process of cellular respiration (mitochondrial respiratory chain function: energy production), which is the root of vital activity. Decrease of cellular respiratory chain function and antioxidative enzyme activity due to aging and various external stresses, cause excessive reactive oxygen (oxygen free radicals), and are suggested to be closely associated with etiologic factors/pathological conditions of diseases involved with aging such as degenerative diseases and cancers.
Fullerene (C60) is a nano-carbon material that inhibits generation/leakage of reactive oxygen species. Fullerene (C60) has been suggested to have a strong free radical capturing/scavenging ability, and to have effects of regulating the cellular environment against various cellular catabolisms (cellular function/activity decrease, cell death), and maintaining and enhancing cellular functions (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 27).
Moreover, super-lubricating systems with no dynamic friction that utilize molecular motions of fullerene have been recently developed, and fullerene is expected to be applied as a lubricant for micro/nanomachines and the like (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 28). Fullerene constantly rotates by Brownian motion, and super-lubricating systems with a close-to-zero dynamic friction coefficient due to the rotation actions of fullerene molecules have been observed. This suggests that fullerene can become a lubricant with an extremely high performance.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. 2003-06279 (unexamined, published Japanese patent application)    Non-Patent Document 1: Li C, et al., Org Biomol Chem. 2004 Dec. 7, 2(23):3464-9    Non-Patent Document 2: Mirkov S M, et al., Nitric Oxide. 2004 September, 11(2):201-7    Non-Patent Document 3: Zhang T H, et al., Org Biomol Chem. 2003 Dec. 21, 1(24):4403-7    Non-Patent Document 4: Wei Y, et al., Bioelectrochemistry. 2003 October, 61(1-2):51-6    Non-Patent Document 5: Yamakoshi Y, et al., J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Oct. 22, 125(42):12803-9    Non-Patent Document 6: Wolff D J, et al., Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Mar. 15, 399(2):130-41    Non-Patent Document 7: Huang S S, et al., Pharmacology. 2002 February, 64(2):91-7    Non-Patent Document 8: Chien C T, et al., J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 May, 12(5):973-82    Non-Patent Document 9: Wolff D J, et al., Biochemistry. 2001 Jan. 9, 40(1):37-45    Non-Patent Document 10: Jin H, et al., J Neurosci Res. 2000 Nov. 15, 62(4):600-7    Non-Patent Document 11: Fumelli C, et al., J Invest Dermatol. 2000 November, 115(5):835-41    Non-Patent Document 12: Lai H S, et al., Transplant Proc. 2000 September, 32(6):1272-4    Non-Patent Document 13: Bensasson R V, et al., Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jul. 1, 29(1):26-33    Non-Patent Document 14: Wolff D J, et al., Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Jun. 15, 378(2):216-23    Non-Patent Document 15: Lee Y T, et al., Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000 June, 224(2):69-75    Non-Patent Document 16: Lai H S, et al., World J Surg. 2000 April, 24(4):450-4    Non-Patent Document 17: Wang I C, et al., J Med Chem. 1999 Nov. 4, 42(22):4614-20    Non-Patent Document 18: Chueh S C, et al., Transplant Proc. 1999 August, 31(5):1976-7    Non-Patent Document 19: Huang Y L, et al., Eur J Biochem. 1998 May 15, 254(1):38-43    Non-Patent Document 20: Lu L H, et al., Br J Pharmacol. 1998 March, 123(6):1097-102    Non-Patent Document 21: Chen H H, et al., Toxicol Pathol. 1998 January-February, 26(1):143-51    Non-Patent Document 22: Satoh M, et al., Gen Pharmacol. 1997 September, 29(3):345-51    Non-Patent Document 23: Satoh M, et al., Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 May 30, 327(2-3):175-81    Non-Patent Document 24: Tsai M C, et al., J Pharm Pharmacol. 1997 April, 49(4):438-45    Non-Patent Document 25: Dugan L L, et al., Neurobiol Dis. 1996, 3(2):129-35    Non-Patent Document 26: Huang S S, et al., Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Mar. 15, 30(6):643-9    Non-Patent Document 27: Publisher, Takashi Yoshida; NTS Co.; Creation and Application of Nano-materials by means of Self-Organization, Sixth lecture "Self-Organization in Nano-Carbon Materials" 153-178, 2004    Non-Patent Document 28: Superlubricty of C60 Intercalated Graphite Films. Kouji Miura and Daisuke Tsuda, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. Vol. 3 (2005) 21-23, C60 Molecular Bearings. K. Miura, S. Kamiya and N. Sasaki, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, No. 5, 055509 (2003)

Pharmaceutical compositions for treating/preventing motor organ diseases

St. Marianna University School of Medicine