In order to allow controlling of a home network (5) from remote, a gateway (1) connecting the home network (5) to a communication network (3, 12) additionally comprises an e-mail module (6). The e-mail module (6) enables the gateway (1) to connect itself to an e-mail account (8) in order to transmit e-mails received by the e-mail account (8) via the communication network (3) to the gateway (1). The transmitted e-mails are processed by the gateway (1), information is extracted therefrom enabling the gateway (1) to carry out network controlling procedures. Status information and error messages are sent back by the gateway (1) to the user (13) in form of e-mails.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a method of remotely controlling a home network, the home network being accessible via a gateway, and an apparatus therefor.
2. Description of Related Art
A commonly used method for interconnecting and controlling home devices is to use home networking. Using such a home network, it is possible that any home device controls and communicates with any other home device. Further, it is possible to control these devices from remote.
To do this, it may be desirable to use the Internet as a communication network connecting the remote user to the home network. Such a connection can be realized by a gateway as an interface between the home network and the Internet, for example.
However, in such a case, it is necessary to have the gateway permanently connected to the Internet, which is expensive and represents a security hazard.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of controlling a home network from remote, which is low in cost and which shows a high standard of security.
To solve this object, the present invention provides a method of controlling a home network from remote, the home network being accessable via a gateway, which is characterized by the steps of transmitting information located in an e-mail account assigned to said gateway from said e-mail account to said gateway, analyzing said transmitted information and carrying out home network controlling procedures on the basis of said transmitted information by said gateway.
Further, the present invention provides a gateway connectable to a communication network, the gateway comprising a first connecting means to connect said gateway to said communication network, and a second connecting means connecting said gateway to a home network, characterized in that said gateway is connectable to an e-mail account via said communication network, said gateway including an e-mail module comprising receiving means connected to said first connecting means for receiving e-mails via said communication network, said receiving means being connected to analyzing means for extracting information from said e-mails received by said receiving means and for processing said extracted information, and controlling means connected to said analyzing means for controlling devices within the home network according to an output of said analyzing means.
Further preferred embodiments of this method and gateway according to the present invention defined in independent claims 1 and 17, respectively, are described in the respective subclaims.
An important aspect of the present invention is that all information needed by the gateway to control the home network is provided by an e-mail account which is connectable to the gateway. This information is at least temporarily stored in the e-mail account and may consist of e-mails or be included in e-mails which have been sent from a remote user to said account. Another possibility is that the e-mail account generates the information itself by using software programs available within the e-mail account, for example. These programs can be adjusted by a user so as to artificially generate e-mails and store them in the e-mail account, the e-mails containing the information to control the home network.
It may be desirable that the gateway connects itself to the e-mail account in order to carry out an e-mail scanning process. During this e-mail scanning process, the gateway in a first step finds out which e-mails stored in the e-mail account are of importance for controlling the home network. For example, the gateway may check if new e-mails have been sent to the e-mail account, and focus all further actions on this special sort of e-mails. In a second step, the e-mail scanning process may extract data from the e-mails selected in the first step. For example, the data contained in the subject headers of the selected e-mails are extracted. This extracted data is then transferred as the essential information needed by the gateway to control the home network to the gateway.
The described scanning process can also be done by the e-mail account itself, which connects after completion of the scanning process to the gateway to transfer the data obtained by the scanning process to the gateway.
The scanning process may be restricted to only checking if an arbitrary e-mail has been received by the e-mail account. For example, if the functionality of the gateway is restricted to switching on all lights and is properly programmed in advance to do this, the only event of receiving an arbitrary e-mail by the e-mail account is sufficient for starting this controlling procedure. Due to the restricted functionality no further information is needed. In such a case, the information transferred from the e-mail account to the gateway may merely consist of a predetermined signal, which is interpreted by the gateway to carry out the predetermined home network controlling procedures, which would mean switching on all lights in the example given above.
Alternatively, the information transferred from the e-mail account to the-gateway consists of parts of received e-mails or of complete received e-mails. It is also possible that the e-mail account converts the received or artificially generated e-mails into a form suitable to be processed by the gateway before sending these converted e-mails to the gateway.
The advantage of the above-described method is that no permanent connection between a remote user controlling the home network and the gateway is necessary. By using the e-mail-account as a xe2x80x9ccommand bufferxe2x80x9d, the xe2x80x9cconnectionxe2x80x9d between the remote user and gateway is split into two independent parts, which makes it possible to establish each part of the connection only on demand or within predetermined time intervals. The first part of the connection is the communication network between the remote user and the e-mail account, the second part consists of the communication network between the e-mail account and the gateway. This reduces costs and increases security.
Another advantage is that the remote user can send home network commands at any time, since the e-mail account, preferably located at an internet service provider, is available all the time.
Another advantage is that e-mail services are widely available. If the user has a mobile phone which is able to convert SMS messages into e-mails, he can control the home network at any time from any point by sending SMS messages to the e-mail account, which are received by the e-mail account as e-mails.
Status information of the home network controlling procedures and error messages occurred during these procedures may be sent via the gateway to an e-mail account available for the remote user. Thus, the user can control if his commands sent in form of e-mails to the e-mail account have been properly processed by the gateway.
In the case that parts of e-mails or complete e-mails have been transmitted from the e-mail account to the gateway, the gateway analyzes the transmitted e-mails and extracts information therefrom. For example, the gateway extracts the information contained in the headers of the e-mails, as this information may contain task information, i.e. information which tells the gateway what to do with the rest of information contained in the e-mail. For example, the task information may contain the task xe2x80x9ccontrolling the home video systemxe2x80x9d. The gateway then knows that this e-mail is intended to control the home video system, and extracts controlling information needed therefore from the body of this e-mail. The controlling information contains additional information telling the gateway how to control the home video system in detail, for example.
If the extracted task information is sufficient to carry out the home network controlling procedure, the step of extracting controlling information may be left. For example, if the task information contains the command xe2x80x9cswitching on all lightsxe2x80x9d, the gateway does not need any further information, and no controlling information is extracted from the e-mail.
To increase security, the gateway may process only such transferred e-mails which carry authenticating information. For example, the gateway may accept only such transferred e-mails which carry a special sender address. Other e-mails are ignored or deleted.
E-mails stored in the e-mail account which have already been scanned by the gateway or by the e-mail account, may be deleted after a predetermined period of time.
To further increase security, the e-mails may be encrypted by the remote user before sending them to the e-mail account, and decrypted either by the e-mail account or the gateway after having received them.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the home network can even be controlled if a firewall is used, which does not allow that HTTP passes the gateway for reasons of security. In such a case, a browser-based controlling of the gateway would not be possible, for example.
Further advantages and features of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with the following drawing.

System using home gateway to analyze information received in an email message for controlling devices connected in a home network


Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a movement control method and system of a terminal input unit having a plurality of protrusions. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention disclose a process and an apparatus for controlling each protrusion so that the input unit forms interface modes used for a function control according to a user function of the terminal.

1. Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a movement control method and system of an input unit of a terminal, and more particularly, to a mechanical movement control method and system of a tactile input unit so that an input part can have various shapes corresponding to an interface mode used to support various user functions of the terminal.
2. Description of the Background
Recently, portable terminals have been widely used based on mobility. In particular, among portable terminals, a mobile terminal that can perform a phone call is used by 85% or more of the people who use a mobile terminal. In addition to making and receiving phone calls, the mobile terminal can have various functions. For example, a typical portable terminal can be equipped with a MP3 function or an image collection function corresponding to a digital camera capable of taking images. Moreover, a typical portable terminal supports a function that can perform a mobile game or an arcade game. A portable terminal may also include a touch screen with an input signal generation method, so that the portable terminal may be controlled according to the generation of a touch event. With the touch screen, a user can more softly and rapidly control the portable terminal's operation.
However, the typical portable terminal provides a simple service of outputting to a display unit by simply processing data according to a user input signal or regenerating data stored in the portable terminal. Accordingly, a terminal having an input unit capable of accomplishing the satisfaction of the senses of a user by applying more dynamic interaction according to data conversion is required.

Input unit, movement control system and movement control method using the same


A wireless autopilot system includes an aircraft attachment device having a mounting plate for securement onto a flight control surface of an aircraft, and a flight control device that is hingedly connected to the aircraft attachment device. The flight control device including an airfoil that is connected to the mounting plate, and a steering tab that is connected to the trailing edge of the airfoil. A main body extends outward from the airfoil to function as an anti-flutter counterbalance. A servomotor is connected to the steering tab by an elongated rigid rod, and a controller having a wireless transceiver for communicating with an application on an externally located processor enabled device. Changes in the position of the servomotor during flight are instructed by the application, and result in a change to the orientation of the aircraft.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Unlike commercial aircraft which are loaded with advanced avionics, navigation, communication, and augmented visibility systems, most light aircraft are not required to carry such equipment. Indeed, many of the most popular light aircraft used today are manufactured with relatively rudimentary panel-mounted instrument packages such as analog altimeters, directional gyro, airspeed indicator, and artificial horizon, for example.
To this end, there are many known aftermarket devices which can be secured onto the airframe to perform certain tasks. For example, there are known autopilot systems which comprise a trim tab that is directly coupled to the control surface of the aircraft and is directly moved by a powerful trim motor that is capable of pushing the entire surface of the trim tab up and down to change the orientation of the aircraft during flight. The trim motor is physically wired to a console that is installed in the cockpit and receives power from the aircraft's onboard system.
Although useful, such control systems must be installed by certified aircraft mechanics and must interface with the aircraft's primary instrumentation panel, which may affect the primary certified instruments. When this occurs, aircraft owners must have the instruments recertified, which is an arduous and expensive proposition, thus further reducing the commercial viability of such devices.
Additionally, there are known aftermarket flight data systems that can be self-installed and do not access the primary instruments. Such systems are limited to simply capturing flight data information and providing the same to a user's device such as a smartphone or tablet, for example. Although these devices work well for their intended uses, they do not provide the device operator with the ability to control an operation of the aircraft itself.
Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide a wireless autopilot device that can allow a user to control one or more flight operations of a certified aircraft, without the need to access the aircraft's primary instrumentation panel.


Use of Cistanche tubulosa extract, isoacteoside and/or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt of isoacteoside in the manufacture of a medicament or a food product for protecting muscles, wherein the medicament is particularly used for protecting muscle cells against injury to regulate, treat and/or delay muscle loss, and especially for the muscle loss caused by aging, diseases, and/or cochexia. The food product is a health food, a nutritional supplement food, or a special nutrition food.

Muscle tissue is the most abundant tissue in mammals, and is mainly responsible for generating force to cause movement of various parts of the body. Muscle can be divided into three groups: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Based on the metabolic types and characteristics, skeletal muscle can be divided into slow twitch muscle and fast twitch muscle, wherein the former consists of slow-twitch fiber proteins that can twitch for a longer period, but the generated force is weaker; the latter consists of fast-twitch fiber proteins that can twitch faster and stronger than the former, but fatigues more easily.
Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between the synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. However, when an imbalance of muscle protein metabolism occurs (namely, the degradation rate of muscle proteins become greater than the synthesis rate), it causes loss of muscle. Severe muscle loss leads to muscle atrophy and characteristic changes, such as a decrease in muscle mass, a reduction of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and a selective reduction of muscle fiber type-related proteins (i.e., slow-twitch fiber proteins and fast-twitch fiber proteins), which can result in symptoms that seriously affect daily work and vital function, including a reduction in muscle strength, movement disorders, fatigue, metabolic disturbances, etc.
It is known that muscle cell injury can be caused by various physiology conditions or specific diseases that lead to muscle cell metabolic disturbance or apoptosis of muscle cells, causing muscle loss. Factors leading to muscle loss include, for example, neurodegeneration, long-term bed rest, aging, diseases, cachexia (e.g., cancer cachexia), etc., wherein the diseases include sepsis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), renal failure, Cushing syndrome (CS), sarcopenia, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure (CHF), trauma, etc.
Aging is the major factor causing sarcopenia. Statistical data indicate that the incidence rate of sarcopenia among those aged 60˜70 is 13 to 24%, while the incidence rate of sarcopenia among people older than 80 years of age is about 50%. Besides, in America, the medical costs caused by sarcopenia per year is about 11.8 to 26.2 billion USD. While cachexia relates to other diseases having high incidence rates, for example, about 50% of patients with cancer, 20 to 40% of patients with COPD, and 50 to 70% of patients with CHF will exhibit the symptoms of cachexia (e.g., dystrophy).
Herba Cistanches was firstly recorded and rated as a top-grade herbal remedy in "Shennong Bencaojing" (The Classic of Herbal Medicine). Herba Cistanches is effective in nourishing the kidneys and invigorating yang, boosting essence and blood, lubricating the bowels to relieve constipation, making it the Chinese medicine prescribed most frequently by physicians for kidney nourishment and yang invigoration. Cistanche tubulosa is a kind of perennial parasitic herb belonging to the family of Orobanchaceae and the genus of Cistanche, which is found in the desert and other dry areas and subsists on absorbing nutrients from its host plant, Red willow. That is, Cistanche tubulosa is a precious and rare medicinal material. Cistanche tubulosa association with, for example, renal function improvement, memory enhancement, immune function regulation, anti-dementia disease, anti-aging, and anti-fatigue were published in "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" in 2005.
In the clinical practice, there is still a lack of an effective method for treating or delaying muscle loss, and the effects of Cistanche tubulosa on protecting muscle against atrophy have not been presented on any documents so far. Therefore, to develop a more effective method for treating or delaying muscle loss, the inventors of the present invention selected Cistanche tubulosa from the traditional herba, and then investigated the feasibility of using Cistanche tubulosa in protecting muscle (namely, protecting muscle cells against injury and preventing muscle loss). The inventors of the present invention found that the Cistanche tubulosa extract and isoaceteoside contained therein are effective in protecting muscle cells against injury. Therefore, the Cistanche tubulosa extract and isoaceteoside can be used for regulating, treating and/or delaying muscle loss, especially for regulating, treating and/or delaying muscle loss caused by aging, disease and/or cachexia, and thus can be used for providing a pharmaceutical composition, a medicament or a food product that can protect muscles.

Uses of cistanche tubulosa extract and isoacteoside in protecting muscle

SINPHAR TIAN-LI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. (HANGZHOU)


A threaded connection connecting a pair of pipes includes a pin and a box. The pin has a male thread on its outer diameter. The box has a female thread on its inner diameter, the female thread corresponding to the male thread. The male thread includes constant-thread-width and varying-thread-width portions. The constant-thread-width portion has a constant thread-groove width. The varying-thread-width portion has a thread-groove width equal to or larger than the groove width of the constant-thread-width portion and gradually increasing, from the constant-thread-width portion toward the tip of the pin. The female thread includes constant-thread-width and varying-thread-width portions. The constant-thread-width portion has a constant thread-ridge width. The varying-thread-width portion has a thread-ridge width equal to or larger than the thread-ridge width of the constant-thread-width portion and gradually increasing from the constant-thread-width portion toward the center of the box.

In an oil well, a natural gas well etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "oil well"), an oil-well pipe such as casing or tubing is used to mine underground resources. An oil-well pipe is composed of a series of interconnected steel pipes. The steel pipes are connected using a threaded connection.
A threaded connection for steel pipe is generally categorized as coupling-type and integral-type. In the case of a coupling-type connection, a pair of pipes are connected where one of the pipes is a steel pipe and the other pipe is a coupling. A male thread is provided on the outer periphery of each end of the steel pipe. A female thread is provided on the inner periphery of each end of the coupling. As a male thread on the steel pipe is screwed into a female thread on the coupling, the steel pipe and coupling are made up and connected.
In the case of an integral-type connection, a pair of pipes are connected where both pipes are steel pipes, and no coupling is used. A male thread is provided on the outer periphery of one end of each steel pipe, while a female thread is provided on the inner periphery of the other end thereof. As the male thread on one steel pipe is screwed into the female thread on another steel pipe, the two steel pipes are made up and connected.
Usually, a portion of a pipe to be connected that has a male thread is referred to as pin, since it is inserted into a female thread. A portion of a pipe to be connected that has a female thread is referred to as box, since it receives a male thread. Since the pin and box each constitute part of a pipe, they are tubular in shape.
One known type of threaded connections for steel pipe has a thread with a thread-ridge width and a thread-groove width that change at certain rates. A threaded connection with this construction has high torque. In such a threaded connection, the stab lead and the load lead are usually constant over the entire thread length. However, the stab lead is not equal to the load lead.
Japanese Patent No. 4087798 discloses a threaded connection in which the stab lead and/or load lead begins(s) to change at a midway point on the thread length. That is, in the threaded connection of Japanese Patent No. 4087798, the rates of change in thread-ridge width and thread-groove width change at a midway point on the thread length. Thus, in connection with a threaded connection with varying thread-ridge width and varying thread-groove width, the resistance to tensile and compression stresses can be improved.


A wireless communication system includes a queue status detection unit for detecting the amount of unit data being used for communication between a plurality of external devices, and deciding a class parameter T of one of the external devices; a counter for counting the number of giving-away times of the external device based on the giving-away of communication opportunities to communicate with the plurality of external devices, and deciding a delay parameter D of an external device; a communication priority decision unit for calculating priority values P of an external device by using a class parameter and a delay parameter, and determining an external device having a priority out of the plurality of external devices based on the priority values; and a communication initiation unit for initiating data communications with the determined external device having the priority. Accordingly, a communication method considering both throughput and fairness can be obtained.

This application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 2003-11125, filed on Feb. 21, 2003, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a short-range wireless communication system and method, and more particularly to wireless communication system and method capable of securing both a high throughput and fairness among wireless communication devices when one wireless communication device receives and transmits data from and to a plurality of wireless communication devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The Bluetooth system is generally used for short-range wireless communication systems. The Bluetooth refers to a code for a short-range wireless data communication technology over all the electric communications, networking, computing, and consumables sectors. The Bluetooth technology replaces a plurality of cable connections necessary among devices, using one wireless connection in a short range.
A short-range wireless communication system such as the Bluetooth system uses a time division duplex (TDD) to perform bi-directional communications between the master and slaves by one hopping slot (625 μs= 1/1600 seconds) basically.
The round-robin polling scheme and the queue state dependent packet scheduling algorithm are used for the TDD polling schemes employed in a conventional short-range wireless communication system.
FIG. 1 is a view for showing a round-robin scheme, and the following descriptions are made for a case when data is sent in the round-robin manner between one master and three slaves. The round-robin scheduling algorithm dictates that, when the master polls a slave, only the polled slave can send data to the master. That is, the master can send data at even-numbered slots, and a slave can send data at adjacent odd-numbered slots only when the slave is polled by the master. The other slaves are prohibited from sending data at the slot. In this case, the master sequentially polls slave 1, slave 2, and slave 3, and each master-slave pair can receive and send data at a rate corresponding to one third of the entire transmission rate by the master polling.
The round-robin scheme as described above allocates the same transmission rate to respective master-slave pairs. However, an amount of data to be sent compared to other services becomes less or more according to the kinds of application services. In this case, the transmission efficiency becomes lowered when the same transmission rate is allocated to all the kinds of services. That is, it is possible to allocate a transmission rate lower than a transmission rate necessary for a service for which more data should be sent, or, to the contrary, to allocate a transmission rate higher than a transmission rate necessary for a service with less data. Therefore, there occurs a problem of wasting slots due to POLL-NULL packets when there is no data to be sent.
As an alternative to the round robin scheme, there is a queue status dependent scheduling algorithm that categorizes classes depending upon link utilization degrees of master-slave pairs, assigns priorities to the classes, and polls the classes based on the priorities.
FIG. 2 is a view for showing a queue status dependent scheduling algorithm. In FIG. 2, the queue status dependent packet scheduling method exchanges queue status information of master/slave pairs by using reserved bits of the packet payload header, and categorizes classes depending upon link utilization information of respective master/slave pairs based on the exchanges. For example, in FIG. 2 as in the master/slave 1 pair, when the number of packets the master is to send to slave 1 is 3 and the number of packets the slave 1 is to send to the master is 1, the master/slave 1 pair is categorized into class 100%. In the master/slave 2 pair, the number of packets to be received and sent is 3, thus the master/slave 2 pair is categorized into class 75%, and in the master/slave pair 3, when the number of packets to be received and sent is 1, the master/slave pair 3 is categorized into class 50%.
Priorities are assigned to the respective master/slave pairs based on the classes determined in such a manner. Accordingly, in the order of the master/slave 1 pair, master/slave 2 pair, and master/slave 3 pair, each pair has an opportunity.
The number of times of giving away or taking over data transmission opportunities based on the priorities is reflected by additional counters, and a counter value difference between the master/slave pair taking over service opportunities a maximum number of times and the master/slave pair giving away service opportunities a maximum number of times is restrained to a specified value K, to thereby secure the fairness.
However, the queue status dependent packet scheduling method has an advantage of maintaining an appropriate fairness for service opportunities among respective master/slave pairs while maximizing throughput through the priorities, but also has a problem in that it compares counter values between a pair having the most frequent service opportunities and a pair having the least frequent service opportunities and, if a difference becomes large, restrains any further effective scheduling through priorities (that is, it operates in the round-robin manner once reaching a K value), and has inconstant performances after reaching the K value depending upon whether data traffic characteristics are static or dynamic.

Wireless communication system and method


The present disclosure is directed towards an Improved Circular Saw Blade for simultaneous and combination cutting and chamfering a workpiece comprising a modified circular saw blade configured as a primary cutter to be mounted to one end of an arbor shaft rotatable on an axis. The modified circular saw blade comprises a plurality of substantially identical slots spaced circumferentially and extending radially inward towards the center. A modified chamfer tool is then configured as a secondary cutter to be aligned and mounted coaxially behind the primary cutter on the arbor shaft. The modified chamfer tool comprises angularly disposed peripheral chamfer blades mounted in the slots of the primary cutter so as to be displaceable transversely to the longitudinal axis of the modified circular saw blade. During manufacturing operations the peripheral chamfer blades of the secondary cutter are configured to follow the path of the primary cutter for simultaneously cutting and chamfering of the workpiece to a certain desired length and angle, respectively.

A circular saw blade has been used for decades in manufacturing as a portable cutting device. A circular saw blade is generally employed as a rotating, continuous cutting blade having teeth on its periphery to cut to required length ferrous and nonferrous metals, plastic, and other materials such as lumber panels made of wood. During manufacturing operations, it is common to chamfer the edge of a workpiece in a combined operation after a workpiece has been cut to the desired length by a commercially available circular saw blade or similar cutting tool.
However, experience has shown that such manufacturing practices requiring chamfering with the cutting is time-consuming and costly and can be extremely inefficient for repetitive operations in high-volume production. Further, higher temperatures generated in such combined cutting and chamfering operation can be detrimental to machining operations, and the life and performance of the tools (and products/machines) are greatly affected by heat generated during such manufacturing operations.
Therefore, the current state of cutting and chamfering during manufacturing operation—primary cutting of the workpiece combined with chamfering (using a standard chamfer tool) is difficult to accomplish in an efficient and economical fashion. One factor in the life of a tool is the temperature of the tool generated during cutting/chamfering of a workpiece. A higher tool temperature will result in a shorter useful life of a tool.
Specifically, the temperature generated during such manufacturing/machining operation has a direct effect on the performance and longevity of the various tools used (e.g., an arbor) and impacts the quality of the finished product. Such inefficiencies are clearly detrimental to a high-volume manufacturer. Obviously, it is desirable to lengthen the life of a tool in manufacturing operations. Longer tool life leads to better financial outcome for a manufacturer—at a minimum—lower operating costs and better machine efficiency. The novelty and utility of the devices and related methods and systems described in the present disclosure provides novel improvements while overcoming the disadvantages of existing tools and processes for cutting and chamfering.
Therefore, there is a need in the marketplace to provide an Improved Circular Saw Blade configured for combined cutting and chamfering while—at the same time—overcoming the deficiencies and drawbacks of currently available tools and processes. That is, in order to perform the combined cutting and chamfering operation, an Improved Circular Saw Blade is provided comprising of a primary modified circular saw blade in combination with a secondary modified chamfer tool rigidly attached through the apertures of the modified circular saw blade. One of the primary objectives of this invention is to provide an efficient combination tool comprising an Improved Circular Saw Blade capable of cutting and chamfering in one (combined) manufacturing operation.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the Improved Circular Saw Blade includes a commercially available circular saw blade modified by the machining of a plurality of circumferentially located, radially inward-directed slots. A commercially available chamfer tool is then modified and engaged adjacent to the modified circular saw blade such that the combination tool comprises an Improved Circular Saw Blade capable of cutting and chamfering in one manufacturing operation. The plurality of heat-reducing circumferentially located apertures disposed radially within the Improved Circular Saw Blade reduces the buildup of heat generated in such combination cutting and chamfering.
Major benefits of the Improved Circular Saw Blade include high production capacity, increased efficiencies from better economies of scale, increased tool life and better-quality finished product. In addition, the Improved Circular Saw Blade can decrease labor costs and improve the efficiency in the changeover time (or production cycle) for different-sized workpieces, thereby making the manufacturing process fast and economical for both small-lot sizes and high-volume production.


A lamp system including a bulb assembly, a socket assembly, and a conductor base assembly is provided. The bulb assembly includes an insulation object, a first bulb pin, and a second bulb pin. The socket assembly includes an outer housing, a first conductive terminal, and a second conductive terminal. The outer housing includes an opening to install the bulb assembly. The conductor base assembly includes a conductor. The conductor base assembly is an element manufactured independently and should be placed within the socket assembly. When the bulb assembly is not installed in the socket assembly, the two ends of the conductor contact the conductive terminals, respectively. When the bulb assembly is installed in the socket assembly, the insulation object on the bottom of the bulb assembly insulates the terminals from the conductor. The conductive terminals contact the bulb pins, respectively.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lamp system, and more particularly to a lamp system applicable to a series-connected light source.
2. Description of Related Art
A series-connected light source formed of conventional lamp systems often cannot form a conducting path due to one damaged lamp system. Therefore, a lot of inventors have manufactured a lamp system having a loop which is always in a conducting state. If one bulb assembly of a lamp system is damaged, the whole series-connected light may still form a conducting path when the damaged bulb assembly is removed or even when the damaged bulb assembly is not removed.
Referring to FIG. 1, a lamp system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,257,740 is shown. The lamp system 10 includes a bulb assembly 100 and a socket assembly 104. The bulb assembly 10 includes a first bulb pin 101, a second bulb pin 102, and an insulator 103 disposed on the bottom thereof. The socket assembly 104 includes an outer housing 105, a first elastic conductive terminal 106, and a second elastic conductive terminal 107. The outer housing 105 includes an opening 105A to install the bulb assembly. The outer housing 105 further includes a first wire opening 106A and a second wire opening 107A, so as to connect the elastic conductive terminals 106, 107 with external wires 108, 109. The first elastic conductive terminal 106 is externally connected to a first wire 108, and the second elastic conductive terminal 107 is externally connected to a second wire 109. When the bulb assembly 100 is not installed to the socket assembly 104, the first elastic conductive terminal 106 and the second elastic conductive terminal 107 contact with each other, such that a conducting path is formed between the first elastic conductive terminal 106 and the second elastic conductive terminal 107.
Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic view of installing the bulb assembly 100 in FIG. 1 to the socket assembly 104 is shown. When the bulb assembly 100 is installed on the socket assembly 104, the insulator 103 insulates the first elastic conductive terminal 106 from the second elastic conductive terminal 107, such that the first elastic conductive terminal 106 and the second elastic conductive terminal 107 do not contact with each other. At this time, the first bulb pin 101 contacts the first elastic conductive terminal 106, and the second bulb pin 102 contacts the second elastic conductive terminal 107. The bulb assembly 100 forms a conducting path with the first elastic conductive terminal 106 and the second elastic conductive terminal 107.
More than one lamp system 10 may be connected in series to form a series-connected light source. If one bulb assembly 100 in any lamp system 10 in the series-connected light source is damaged, the whole series-connected light source may still form a conducting path as long as the damaged bulb assembly 100 is removed from the socket assembly 104. However, if the bulb assembly 100 in the lamp system 10 has been installed on the socket assembly 104 for a long time, the elastic conductive terminals 106 and 107 will suffer elastic fatigue. Therefore, when the elastic conductive terminals 106 and 107 suffer the elastic fatigue, it is possible that the first elastic conductive terminal 106 and the second elastic conductive terminal 107 cannot contact with each other due to the elastic fatigue after the bulb assembly 100 is removed. If the bulb assembly 100 of the lamp system 10 suffering the elastic fatigue is damaged, it is still possible that the whole series-connected light source cannot form a conducting path even if the bulb assembly 100 is removed from the socket assembly 104.
Referring to FIG. 3, a lamp system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,805,463 is shown. The lamp system 20 includes a bulb assembly 200, a socket assembly 204, and a shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210. The bulb assembly 20 includes a first bulb pin 201, a second bulb pin 202, and an insulator 203 disposed on the bottom thereof. The socket assembly 204 includes an outer housing 205, a first conductive terminal 206, and a second conductive terminal 207. The outer housing 205 includes an opening 205A to install the bulb assembly 200. The outer housing 205 further includes a first wire opening 206A and a second wire opening 207A, so as to connect the conductive terminals 206, 207 with external wires 208, 209. The first conductive terminal 206 is externally connected to the first wire 208, and the second conductive terminal 207 is externally connected to the second wire 209. The shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 includes a shunt sheet metal 211. The shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 is disposed in the socket assembly 204. The shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 is pushed by an external force, and is restored to the original position when the external force is removed. When the bulb assembly 200 is not installed on the socket assembly 204, the first conductive terminal 206 and the second conductive terminal 207 contact the two ends of the shunt sheet metal 211, respectively, such that a conducting path is formed between the first conductive terminal 206, the second conductive terminal 207, and the shunt sheet metal 211.
Referring to FIG. 4, a schematic view of installing the bulb assembly 200 in FIG. 3 on the socket assembly 204 is shown. When the bulb assembly 200 is installed on the socket assembly 204, the insulator 203 contacts the shunt sheet metal 211. The bulb assembly 200 pushes the shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 downward, and the first conductive terminal 206 and the second conductive terminal 207 are insulated from the shunt sheet metal 211. That is, the first conductive terminal 206 and the second conductive terminal 207 will not contact the two ends of the shunt sheet metal 211. At this time, the first bulb pin 201 contacts the first conductive terminal 206, and the second bulb pin 202 contacts the second conductive terminal 207. The bulb assembly 200 forms a conducting path with the first conductive terminal 206 and the second conductive terminal 207.
More than one lamp system 20 may be connected in series to form a series-connected light source. When the bulb assembly 200 in any lamp system 20 in the series-connected light source is damaged, the shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 is restored to the original position to form a conducting path as long as the damaged bulb assembly 200 is removed from the socket assembly 204. At this point, the first conductive terminal 206 and the second conductive terminal 207 contact the two ends of the shunt sheet metal 211, respectively, such that the whole series-connected light source still may form a conducting path. However, when the lamp system 20 is being manufactured, the positions of the conductive terminals 206 and 207 should be changed, and the shunt sheet metal socket assembly 210 is disposed within the socket assembly 204. Therefore, the manufacturing flow of the lamp system 20 is more complicated than the manufacturing flow of a conventional lamp system, thereby enhancing the cost.
Referring to FIG. 5, a lamp system disclosed in US Patent Publication No. 20060274556 is shown. The lamp system 30 includes a bulb assembly 300 and a socket assembly 304. The bulb assembly 30 includes a first bulb pin 301, a second bulb pin 302, and an insulation object 303 disposed on the bottom thereof. The socket assembly 304 includes an outer housing 305, a first conductive terminal 306, a second conductive terminal 307, and an elastic sheet metal base assembly 310. The outer housing 305 includes an opening 305A to install the bulb assembly 300. The outer housing 305 further includes a first wire opening 306A and a second wire opening 307A, so as to connect the conductive terminals 306, 307 with external wires 308, 309. The first conductive terminal 306 is externally connected to the first wire 308, and the second conductive terminal 307 is externally connected to the second wire 209. The elastic sheet metal base assembly 310 is one part of the socket assembly 304, and the elastic sheet metal base assembly 310 includes an elastic sheet metal 311. When the bulb assembly 300 is not installed on the socket assembly 304, the first conductive terminal 306 contacts a first end 311A of the elastic sheet metal 311, and the second conductive terminal 307 contacts a second end 311B of the elastic sheet metal 311, such that a conducting path is formed between the first conductive terminal 306, the second conductive terminal 307, and the elastic sheet metal 311.
Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic view of installing the bulb assembly 300 in FIG. 5 on the socket assembly 304 is shown. When the bulb assembly 300 is installed on the socket assembly 304, the insulation object 303 insulates the conductive terminals 306 and 307 from the elastic sheet metal 311. That is to say, the first conductive terminal 306 and the second conductive terminal 307 will not contact the two ends 311A and 311B of the elastic sheet metal 311. At this point, the first bulb pin 301 contacts the first conductive terminal 306, and the second bulb pin 302 contacts the second conductive terminal 307. The bulb assembly 300 forms a conducting path with the first conductive terminal 306 and the second conductive terminal 307.
More than one lamp system 30 may be connected in series to form a series-connected light source. When the bulb assembly 300 in any lamp system 30 in the series-connected light source is damaged, the elastic sheet metal 311 is restored to the original position to form a conductive path as long as the damaged bulb assembly 300 is removed from the socket assembly 304, such that the first conductive terminal 306 and the second conductive terminal 307 contact the two ends 311A and 311B of the elastic sheet metal 311, respectively, and the whole series-connected light source may still form a conducting path. However, when the lamp system 30 is being manufactured, the positions of the conductive terminals 306 and 307 should be changed, and the elastic sheet metal base assembly 310 is one part of the socket assembly 304. Therefore, the manufacturing flow of the lamp system 30 is more complicated than the manufacturing flow of a conventional lamp system, thereby enhancing the cost.
In view of the above, with regard to the conventional lamp systems in a series-connected light source, the positions of the conductive terminals must be changed in the manufacturing flow, thereby causing an enhanced manufacturing cost. In order to solve the aforementioned and other problems, the present invention provides a lamp system in a series-connected light source manufactured with a low cost, in which the positions of the conductive terminals need not be changed in the manufacturing flow.


A braking apparatus for a vehicle includes a hydraulic brake apparatus generating a basic hydraulic pressure so that a basic hydraulic braking force is generated at wheels, the hydraulic brake apparatus generating a controlled hydraulic pressure so that a controlled hydraulic braking force is generated at the wheels, a regenerative brake apparatus causing a regenerative braking force to be generated at any of the wheels, and braking force replacement controlling means for gradually replacing the regenerative braking force with the controlled hydraulic braking force while braking during which at least the regenerative braking force is applied for a purpose of achieving a braking force replacement control to ensure a total braking force required for the wheels by decreasing the regenerative braking force at a gradient within a predetermined range and by increasing the controlled hydraulic braking force in response to the decrease of the regenerative braking force.

A known braking apparatus for a vehicle such as disclosed in JP2006-21745A includes a hydraulic brake apparatus and a regenerative brake apparatus. The hydraulic brake apparatus generates a basic hydraulic pressure by a master cylinder in response to a brake operation, and applies the generated basic hydraulic pressure to wheel cylinders provided at respective wheels connected to the master cylinder by means of a fluid passage at which a hydraulic pressure control valve is provided so that a basic hydraulic braking force is generated at each of the wheels. In addition, the hydraulic brake apparatus applies to the wheel cylinders a controlled hydraulic pressure that is generated by a driving of a pump so that a controlled hydraulic braking force is generated at each of the wheels corresponding to the respective wheel cylinders where the controlled hydraulic pressure is applied. The regenerative brake apparatus causes a regenerative braking force to be generated at the front or rear wheels in response to the state of the brake operation.
According to the aforementioned braking apparatus for a vehicle, a braking force replacement control (i.e., replacement of the regenerative braking force with the controlled hydraulic braking force) is performed for the purposes of ensuring a total braking force required for the wheels by gradually replacing the regenerative braking force with the controlled hydraulic braking force while braking during which at least the application of the regenerative braking force is performed.
The braking force replacement control will be explained with reference to FIG. 9. An upper view in FIG. 9 illustrates a correlation between the braking force and time while a lower view illustrates a correlation between a stroke of a brake pedal and time. At t1, the driver starts depressing the brake pedal in a vehicle in motion. From t1 to t2, the brake pedal is moved at a predetermined depressing speed. From t2 to t3, an amount of depression of the brake pedal is constant. From t1 to t3, the basic hydraulic braking force (portion with a rising diagonal stroke from bottom left to top right indicated as "VB hydraulic pressure" in FIG. 9) and the regenerative braking force (portion with a rising diagonal stroke from bottom right to top left indicated as "regenerative braking force" in FIG. 9) are applied to the wheels. That is, a regenerative cooperative braking is performed.
When the vehicle speed decreases, the regenerative braking force decreases accordingly, which may lead to insufficiency of the regenerative braking force in the total braking force required for the wheels. The shortage of the regenerative braking force is covered or compensated by the controlled hydraulic braking force (portion with a rising diagonal stroke from bottom right to top left indicated as "ESC pressurization in FIG. 9). That is, the braking force replacement control is performed in such a way to be started at t3 and finished at t4.
As illustrated in FIG. 10, when the vehicle speed reaches a predetermined speed (i.e., start replacement vehicle speed) Va1 at t3, the regenerative braking force starts decreasing. When the vehicle speed further decreases to reach a predetermined speed (i.e., end replacement vehicle speed) Vb1, the application of the regenerative braking force is stopped. That is, the braking force replacement control is started when the vehicle speed reaches the predetermined speed Va1 and is stopped when the vehicle speed reaches the predetermined speed Vb1. Accordingly, after a point of t4, the basic hydraulic braking force and the controlled hydraulic braking force are applied to the wheels and finally the vehicle is stopped at t5.
According to the braking apparatus for a vehicle disclosed in JP2006-21745A, while the braking force replacement control is being conducted between t3 and t4, the brake pedal is further depressed or lowered without further action by the driver, i.e., the pedal stroke becomes larger than that obtained during a period between t2 and t3, because of an operation of a pump for applying the controlled hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinders. As a result, the driver may have an uncomfortable feeling that the brake pedal is further depressed or lowered without his or her further action.
Especially, when comparing the cases illustrated in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 in which a deceleration of the vehicle is greater than that in FIG. 10, a time period for the vehicle speed to reach the end replacement vehicle speed is shorter in FIG. 11 because of the large deceleration even if the braking force replacement control is started at the same time of t3 with the same regenerative braking force. That is, in FIG. 11, a decreasing rate of the regenerative braking force is large and thus a depressing speed of the brake pedal becomes large regardless of the same amount of the pedal stroke. Accordingly, the driver of the vehicle may have an uncomfortable feeling that the brake pedal is depressed suddenly without further action.
In addition, in the case of replacing the regenerative braking force with the controlled hydraulic braking force, a brake fluid supplied by the pump at the time of replacement start becomes insufficient and thus a start-up delay of the controlled hydraulic braking force may occur, thereby preventing the deceleration that has been achieved before replacement from being retained.
Thus, a need exists for a braking apparatus for a vehicle that can provide an improved brake feeling by achieving a certain depressing speed of a brake pedal during a braking force replacement control. Further, a need also exists for a braking apparatus for a vehicle that can prevent a start-up delay of a controlled hydraulic braking force at the time of replacement start caused by an insufficient brake fluid supplied by a pump for the purposes of retaining a deceleration that has been obtained before the replacement.


There are described 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula

The present invention relates to selected 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives, to the preparation of such compounds, to the use of such compounds in the antimicrobial treatment of surfaces, as antimicrobial active ingredients against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi and in preserving cosmetics, household products, textiles, plastics and for use in disinfectants.
The compounds according to the invention correspond to the formula
wherein
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloalkoxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, trifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl, phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl or naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl,
R3 is hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; or C3-C12cycloalkyl; there not being included compounds of formula (1) wherein
a) R1 and R2 are each independently of the other C1-C3alkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen; and
b) R1 is methyl;
R2 is phenyl; or chloro-substituted phenyl; and
R3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
The invention preferably relates to compounds of formula (1) wherein
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; C1-C5alkoxy; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl- or halo-substituted phenyl or phenyl-C1-C5alkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen; or C1-C5alkyl;
and especially to compounds of formula (1) wherein
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; C1-C5alkoxy; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl- or halo-substituted phenyl; and
R3 is hydrogen; or C1-C5alkyl.
Special preference is given to compounds of formula (1) wherein
R1 is C2-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5-alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloalkoxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, trifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl, phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl or naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl;
R2 is unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloakloxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, trifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl, phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl or naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; or C3-C12cycloalkyl.
Special preference is given to compounds of formula (1) wherein
R1 is C2-C20alkyl; and
R2 is unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, halo-, trifluoromethyl- or pentafluoroethyl-substitute phenyl,
and especially to compounds of formula (1) wherein
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen; or C4-C20alkyl.
Examples of especially preferred compounds according to the invention correspond to the formulae
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se by reacting an amine compound of formula (5) with propargyl bromide and, in a second reaction step, reacting the metallized acetylene with chloroformic acid esters or CO2 in accordance with the following Reaction scheme:
In that Reaction scheme
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloalkoxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, triflutrifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl or phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl, naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; or C3-C12cycloalkyl.
The invention relates also to the process for the preparation of the 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives, according to the invention, of formula
wherein
R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloalkoxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, trifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl, phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl or naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl,
R3 is hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; or C3-C12cycloalkyl; exhibit pronounced antimicrobial activity, especially against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and against bacteria of skin flora, and also against yeasts and moulds. They are accordingly suitable especially in the disinfection, deodorisation and general and antimicrobial treatment of the skin and mucosa and of integumentary appendages (hair), more especially in the disinfection of hands and of wounds.
They are therefore suitable as antimicrobial active ingredients and as preservatives in personal care preparations, for example shampoos, bath additives, hair-care products, liquid and solid soaps (based on synthetic surfactants and salts of saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids), lotions and creams, deodorants, other aqueous or alcoholic solutions, e.g. cleansing solutions for the skin, moist cleansing cloths, oils or powders.
The invention accordingly relates also to a personal care preparation comprising at least one compound of formula (1) and cosmetically tolerable carriers or adjuvants.
The personal care preparation according to the invention comprises from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of the compound of formula (1) and cosmetically tolerable adjuvants.
Depending upon the form of the personal care preparation, it will comprise, in addition to the 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivative of formula (1), further constituents, for example sequestering agents, colourings, perfume oils, thickening or solidifying (consistency regulator) agents, emollients, UV absorbers, skin-protective agents, antioxidants, additives that improve mechanical properties, such as dicarboxylic acids and/or Al, Zn, Ca and Mg salts of C14-C22fatty acids, and optionally preservatives.
The personal care preparation according to the invention may be formulated as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, as an alcoholic or alcohol-containing formulation, as a vesicular dispersion of an ionic or non-ionic amphiphilic lipid, as a gel, a solid stick or as an aerosol formulation.
As a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion the cosmetically tolerable adjuvant preferably comprises from 5 to 50% of an oily phase, from 5 to 20% of an emulsifier and from 30 to 90% water. The oily phase may contain any oil suitable for cosmetic formulations, e.g. one or more hydrocarbon oils, a wax, a natural oil, a silicone oil, a fatty acid ester or a fatty alcohol. Preferred mono- or poly-ols are ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.
Cosmetic formulations according to the invention are used in various fields. For example, the following preparations especially come into consideration:
skin-care preparations, e.g. skin-washing and cleansing preparations in the form of tablet-form or liquid soaps, synthetic detergents or washing pastes,
bath preparations, e.g. liquid (foam baths, milks, shower preparations) or solid bath preparations, e.g. bath cubes and bath salts;
skin-care preparations, e.g. skin emulsions, multi-emulsions or skin oils;
cosmetic personal care preparations, e.g. facial make-up in the form of day creams or powder creams, face powder (loose or pressed), rouge or cream make-up, eye-care preparations, e.g. eyeshadow preparations, mascara, eyeliner, eye creams or eye-fix creams; lip-care preparations, e.g. lipstick, lip gloss, lip contour pencils, nail-care preparations, such as nail varnish, nail varnish remover, nail hardeners, or cuticle removers;
intimate hygiene preparations, e.g. intimate washing lotions or intimate sprays;
foot-care preparations, e.g. foot baths, foot powders, foot creams or foot balsams, special deodorants and antiperspirants or callous-removing preparations;
light-protective preparations, such as sun milks, lotions, creams, oils, sun blocks or tropicals, pre-tanning preparations or after-sun preparations;
skin-tanning preparations, e.g. self-tanning creams;
depigmenting preparations, e.g. preparations for bleaching the skin or skin-lightening preparations;
insect-repellents, e.g. insect-repellent oils, lotions, sprays or sticks;
deodorants, such as deodorant sprays, pump-action sprays, deodorant gels, sticks or roll-ons;
antiperspirants, e.g. antiperspirant sticks, creams or roll-ons;
preparations for cleansing and caring for blemished skin, e.g. synthetic detergents (solid or liquid), peeling or scrub preparations or peeling masks;
hair-removal preparations in chemical form (depilation), e.g. hair-removing powders, liquid hair-removing preparations, cream- or paste-form hair-removing preparations, hair-removing preparations in gel form or aerosol foams;
shaving preparations, e.g. shaving soap, foam shaving creams, non-foaming shaving creams, foams, gels, preshave preparations for dry shaving, aftershaves or aftershave lotions;
fragrance preparations, e.g. fragrances (eau de Cologne, eau de toilette, eau de parfum, parfum de toilette, perfume), perfume oils or perfume creams;
dental-care, denture-care and mouth-care preparations, e.g. toothpastes, gel tooth-pastes, tooth powders, mouthwash concentrates, anti-plaque mouthwashes, denture cleaners or denture fixatives;
cosmetic hair-treatment preparations, e.g. hair-washing preparations in the form of shampoos and conditioners, hair-care preparations, e.g. pre-treatment preparations, hair tonics, styling creams, styling gels, pomades, hair rinses, treatment packs, intensive hair treatments, hair-structuring preparations, e.g. hair-waving preparations for permanent waves (hot wave, mild wave, cold wave), hair-straightening preparations, liquid hair-setting preparations, hair foams, hair sprays, bleaching preparations, e.g. hydrogen peroxide solutions, lightening shampoos, bleaching creams, bleaching powders, bleaching pastes or oils, temporary, semi-permanent or permanent hair colourants, preparations containing self-oxidising dyes, or natural hair colourants, such as henna or camomile.
An antimicrobial soap has, for example, the following composition:
0.01 to 5% by weight of the compound of formula (1),
0.3 to 1% by weight titanium dioxide,
1 to 10% by weight stearic acid,
ad 100% soap base, e.g. the sodium salts of tallow fatty acid and coconut fatty acid or glycerols.
A shampoo has, for example, the following composition:
0.01 to 5% by weight of the compound of formula (1),
12.0% by weight sodium laureth-2-sulfate,
4.0% by weight cocamidopropyl betaine,
3.0% by weight NaCl and
water ad 100%.
A deodorant has, for example, the following composition:
0.01 to 5% by weight of the compound of formula (1),
60% by weight ethanol,
0.3% by weight perfume oil, and
water ad 100%.
The invention relates also to an oral composition, comprising
0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of the compound of formula (1) and orally tolerable adjuvants.
Example of an oral composition:
10% by weight sorbitol,
10% by weight glycerol,
15% by weight ethanol,
15% by weight propylene glycol,
0.5% by weight sodium lauryl sulfate,
0.25% by weight sodium methylcocyl taurate,
0.25% by weight polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block copolymer,
0.10% by weight peppermint flavouring,
0.1 to 0.5% by weight of a compound of formula (1), and
48.6% by weight water.
The oral composition according to the invention may be, for example, in the form of a gel, a paste, a cream or an aqueous preparation (mouthwash).
The oral composition according to the invention may also comprise compounds that release fluoride ions which are effective against the formation of caries, for example inorganic fluoride salts, e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium or calcium fluoride, or organic fluoride salts, e.g. amine fluorides, which are known under the trade name Olafluor.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula (1) according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment, especially preservation, of textile fibre materials. Such materials are undyed and dyed or printed fibre materials, e.g. of silk, wool, polyamide or polyurethanes, and especially cellulose-containing fibre materials of all kinds. Such fibre materials are, for example, natural cellulose fibres, such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp, as well as cellulose and regenerated cellulose. Preferred suitable textile fibre materials are made of cotton.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of plastics, especially for imparting antimicrobial properties to or preserving plastics, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, latex, etc. Fields of use therefor are, for example, floor coverings, plastics coatings, plastics container and packaging materials; kitchen and bathroom utensils (e.g. brushes, shower curtains; sponges, bathmats), latex, filter materials (air and water filters), plastics articles used in the field of medicine, e.g. dressing materials, syringes, catheters etc., so-called xe2x80x9cmedical devicesxe2x80x9d, gloves and mattresses.
Paper, for example papers used for hygiene purposes, may also be provided with antimicrobial properties using the 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention.
It is also possible for nonwovens, e.g. nappies/diapers, sanitary towels, panty liners, and cloths for hygiene and household uses, to be provided with antimicrobial properties in accordance with the invention.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula (1) are also used in washing and cleaning formulations, e.g. in liquid and powder detergents or fabric conditioners.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula (1) can be used especially also in household and all-purpose cleaners for cleaning and disinfecting hard surfaces.
A cleaning preparation has, for example, the following composition:
0.01 to 5% of the compound of formula (1)
3.0% octyl alcohol 4EO
1.3% fatty alcohol C8-C10polyglucoside
3.0% isopropanol
ad 100% water.
In addition to preserving cosmetics and household products, it is also possible for technical products to be preserved and provided with antimicrobial properties; use as a biocide in technical processes is also possible, for example in paper treatment, especially in paper treatment liquors, printing thickeners of starch or cellulose derivatives, varnishes and paints.
The 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula (1) are also suitable for the antimicrobial treatment of wood and for the antimicrobial treatment of leather, the preservation of leather and the finishing of leather with antimicrobial properties.
The compounds according to the invention are also suitable for the protection of cosmetic products and household products from microbial damage.
The following Examples serve to illustrate the present invention but do not limit it.

Abstract: wherein

Abstract: R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C5alkyl-, C3-C12cycloalkyl-, C1-C5alkoxy-, C3-C12cycloalkoxy-, halo-, oxo-, carboxy-, carboxy-C1-C7alkyl ester-, carboxy-C3-C12cycloalkyl ester-, cyano-, trifluoromethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, amino-, N,N-mono- or di-C1-C20alkylamino- or nitro-substituted phenyl, phenyl-C1-C5alkyl, naphthyl and naphthyl-C1-C5alkyl; and

Abstract: R3 is C1-C20alkyl; C3-C12cycloalkyl.

Abstract: The compounds exhibit a pronounced activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and also against yeasts and moulds.


Aspects of the disclosure generally relate to computing enabled devices and/or systems, and may be generally directed to devices, systems, methods, and/or applications for learning a device's operation in various circumstances, storing this knowledge in a knowledgebase (i.e. neural network, graph, sequences, etc.), and enabling autonomous operation of the device.

Devices or systems commonly operate by receiving a user's operating directions in various circumstances. Instructions are then executed to effect the operation of a device or system based on user's operating directions. Hence, devices or systems rely on the user to direct their behaviors. Commonly employed device or system operating techniques lack a way to learn operation of a device or system and enable autonomous operation of a device or system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Artificially intelligent systems, devices, and methods for learning and/or using a device's circumstances for autonomous device operation


A semiconductor device having a power-saving circuit. The semiconductor device includes an input-output terminal and a holding circuit. When the input-output terminal is used, an inverter loop of the holding circuit is made not to operate by controlling a switch, and when the input-output terminal is not used, the inverter loop of the holding circuit operate by controlling the switch. Power consumption of the holding circuit can be reduced. An OS transistor is preferably used for the switch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A bus keeper circuit is provided to maintain the final potential of a bus. The bus keeper circuit has a latch structure using an inverter. In such a bus keeper circuit, shoot-through current tends to be generated. Accordingly, a circuit to prevent shoot-through current is proposed (see Patent Document 1).

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A paper and optical disk shredder with a shredding optical disk bucket switching apparatus has a head capable of shredding paper and optical disks. The head has a sensor to detect insertion of an object. The head is mounted onto a casing which holds a shredding paper bucket. The shredding paper bucket holds a shredding disk bucket. The shredding disk bucket has a plurality of sliding members and is coupled with a transmission means. The transmission means is located on the casing and can switch the shredding disk bucket. The head further has a safety micro-switch to detect proper positioning of the shredding paper bucket and an optical control means to detect overflow condition of the shredding paper or optical disks. Therefore users and the machine can be protected, and an alert is generated to inform the users to clear the shredded disks and paper.

Paper and optical disks are the most widely used media for recording data these days. To prevent the data from leaking outside, confidential data have to be destroyed. Destroying the data manually cannot thoroughly shred the paper and optical disks, and could result in leaking of the data.
R.O.C. patent publication No. 524199 entitled "Optical disk data destroyer" discloses a machine to destroy optical disks. It has a casing containing a hollow housing chamber, an inlet on the casing to receive optical disks, an outlet on an opposing side of the inlet, a calender consisting of two embossing rollers located in the housing chamber in a parallel manner, a motor transmission means containing a motor located in the housing chamber and a gear set to drive the calender, and a sensor located on the inlet of the casing to generate a signal when an optical disk is inserted into the inlet to activate the motor transmission means and calender. The calender compresses the surface of the optical disk to form a permanent damage so that the data contained in the optical disk are thoroughly destroyed to prevent leaking of the data.
Due to the demand of the paper and optical disk shredder grows constantly, a composite paper shredder capable of shredding optical disks has been developed on the market. It can destroy both paper and optical disks.
However, the composite shredder mentioned above gathers the shredded paper and optical disks in a same place. As the shredded paper and optical disks are different materials, gathering them together makes classifying difficult and creates a lot of problems in the recycling process.


A terminal lead insulator assembly for use in a wound field synchronous machine has a generally cylindrical skirt extending in a first direction from a radially larger face. The radially larger face is formed with a plurality of radially outwardly extending ears. The ears include central openings for receiving electrical connections. A rotor assembly, a wound field synchronous machine and a method of assembling such a rotor assembly, each of which include the terminal lead insulator assembly as mentioned above, are also disclosed and claimed.

This application relates to a terminal lead insulator assembly, which properly positions and protects terminal leads for a wound field synchronous machine.
Wound field synchronous machines are known and include a main field winding which is driven to rotate relative to a main stator. The main field winding is part of a rotor assembly that also carries exciter windings. A diode pack is typically provided to rectify AC power generated by the exciter. The rectified power takes the form of DC power and is delivered to the main field windings.
In the prior art, electrical connections must be made between the main windings and the diode pack, and between the exciter windings and the diode pack.
In some prior wound field synchronous machines, the electrical connections and wires extended through a shaft which rotates with the rotor and windings. More recently, in some wound field synchronous machines, these electrical connections have been positioned outside the shaft, and are generally unprotected within the overall rotor assembly.

Terminal lead insulator assembly for wound field synchronous machine


A ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter has a ΣΔ modulation section which executes ΣΔ modulation, and a digital filter which filters a digital signal output from the ΣΔ modulation section. The digital filter has gain properties that one of dips of a gain of the digital filter corresponds to a noise frequency which is, for example, the commercial frequency 60 Hz. Especially, the lowest frequency of the dips corresponds to the noise frequency.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a ΣΔ (sigma-delta) analog-to-digital converter including a ΣΔ modulation section for executing ΣΔ modulation and a digital filter for filtering a digital signal output from the ΣΔ modulation section, and in particular relates to a ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter having improved noise immunity.
2. Description of the Related Art
A ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter including a ΣΔ modulation section for executing ΣΔ modulation and a digital filter for filtering a digital signal output from the ΣΔ modulation section is known.
JP-A-2004-247930 and JP-A-5-37385 are referred to as related art.
According to an environment where a ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter is used, noise whose frequency is fixed may be mixed into an analog input signal. For example, noise of a commercial frequency (hereinafter, commercial frequency) may be superposed on an input signal, thereby adversely affecting the operation of the system using the ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter.

ΣΔ-analog-to-digital modulator and digital filter for improved noise immunity


A method and apparatus to align contexts with text. Multiple versions within separate forms of context are controlled; all contexts are controlled in independent alignment with parts in text. Plain text syllables are synchronized with audio vocalization playback with timings applied in context. Precise synchronization is controlled within a multi-touch tap process. Same-language restatements, translations, linguistic alignment “ties” and tags are controlled in contexts. Depictions and vocalizations of text and parts in text are controlled within contexts and sorted within tiered carousels. Toggle controls quickly access separate contexts. Independent alignments between multiple contexts and parts in text are controlled and dynamically adjusted in real-time. Text and contexts in multiple writing systems, styles and sizes are aligned and edited within WYSIWYG textarea. Context alignment controls are applied within a collaborative social framework.

Language learning is based in experience; sounds, sights, touch and other such sensations and feelings are real; true experiences with meaningful words leaves no room for doubt; repeated experiences with spoken and written language in context are believed and learned; through trial and error, social interactions, real learning happens.
Experience of vocal, visual, tactile and social language causes a learner to know, believe, trust and learn new usage in words; new words are learned when used in meaningful contexts.
Text supplements are known to add meaningful context to text: karaoke or "follow the bouncing ball" tools animate text while vocalization is heard; translation aligning tools provide some comprehensible context in association with chunks of foreign text.
Known methods to synchronize text with vocals are imperfect; audio/visual presentation of formatted text is passively observed; text animation is limited to color changes or bouncing balls; unformatted plain text is not yet able appear synchronously animated; methods to synchronize syllabic text with vocals are cumbersome; learners fail to actively engage with vocalization and text; limited means are provided to share the experience with others.
Known methods to align meaningful context with text are imperfect; chunk delineation and pairing is bound by inflexible data structures; limited editing control results in static, imperfect translations; variation of contexts, each independently aligned with various chunks of text are not easily accessed; various forms of visual, structural and timings contexts are not easily accessed.
Aligning directly editable texts is a trivial problem within plain text monospace font environments; multiple solutions exist in prior art, as shown on the Internet at "rosettacode 'dot' org/wiki/Align_columns"; what is not known is any method to control separately sized and styled texts in alignment, while applying international character sets, and also proportional fonts, within WYSIWYG editing environments; without any experience in the matter, one may dismiss the problem aligning international texts in proportional fonts within directly editable textarea as trivial; in fact, prior to the present invent, there is no known solution; simple ratio control may appear to control the problem in theory; in reality, widely varying computing environments do not yet control predictable and accurate alignment of texts within editable textarea; in reality, if such texts are successfully aligned and then resized, the alignment typically breaks; what is needed is a method to control alignment and realignment of texts written in any writing system while optionally rendering contents in any proportional fonts or style.
What is needed is alignment control between text and supplemental texts, where either is applied in any style, font face, or character set; where multiple supplemental texts are each controlled in independent alignment with same text; where different forms and versions of supplemental texts are applied with same text; where forms such as timings are aligned with syllables in text, and synchronized with vocalization sounds, and where precisely synchronizing vocal sounds with plain text is controlled in multi-touch and multi-sensory experience; where multiple depictions of meanings in same text are experienced and sorted; where multiple vocalizations of same text are easily accessed, compared and experience; where linguistic alignments and tags are easily aligned and selectively realigned with parts of speech; where restatements and translations are easily compared with same text; where forms and versions of supplemental text are controlled in independent alignment with same text, and efficiently accessed, experienced, re-aligned, improved, and controlled; and where the controls are applied in social interaction, where the experiences are shared.


A guiding accessory, for use in conjunction with a guidewire and a catheter of an implant system, facilitates passage of an elongate and flexible conductor of a relatively compact therapy delivery device to an implant site, for example, within the cardiac venous system, when a therapy generator of the device is held within a distal portion of the catheter, and the catheter, device and guiding accessory are advanced along the guidewire. The guiding accessory includes a helically extending wall that forms a lumen within which the device conductor and guidewire extend. After advancing the catheter, guiding accessory and device to the implant site, the helically extending wall is unwound from around the device conductor, for removal, preferably, by pulling proximally on a tension line, which is attached to a proximal end of the wall.

The traditional implantable cardiac pacemaker includes a pulse generator device to which one or more flexible elongate lead wires are coupled. The device is typically implanted in a subcutaneous pocket, remote from the heart, and each of the one or more lead wires extends therefrom to a corresponding electrode, coupled thereto and positioned at a pacing site, either endocardial or epicardial. Mechanical complications and/or MRI compatibility issues, which are sometimes associated with elongate lead wires and well known to those skilled in the art, have motivated the development of cardiac pacing devices that are wholly contained within a relatively compact package for implant in close proximity to the pacing site, for example, within the right ventricle (RV) of the heart. With reference to FIG. 1, such a device 100 is illustrated, wherein pace/sense electrodes 111, 112 are formed on an exterior surface of a shell 101 that hermetically contains a pulse generator including pulse generator electronics and a power source. Shell 101 is preferably formed from a biocompatible and biostable metal such as titanium overlaid with an insulative layer, for example, medical grade polyurethane or silicone, except where electrode 112 is formed as an exposed portion of capsule 101. A hermetic feedthrough assembly (not shown), such as any known to those skilled in the art, couples electrode 111 to the pulse generator contained within shell 101.
FIG. 1 further illustrates a fixation member 115 mounted to an end of shell 101, in proximity to electrode 111, in order to fix, or secure electrode 111 against the endocardial surface in the apex of the RV. However, in some patients, pacing stimulation may be more effective if delivered to a right atrial site or a left ventricular site. Thus, alternative forms of relatively compact pacing devices have been developed for these alternate implant sites and there is a need for corresponding implant systems and methods.

Implant system including guiding accessory and methods of use


In the disclosed fault detector, a casing has a u-shaped portion for receiving a cable and a portion extending from the u-shaped portion. A screw is mounted on said portion. A pressure device is mounted on the end of the screw and directed toward the u-shaped portion for holding the cable in the u-shaped portion. A magnetic lamination passes through the u-shaped portion. The pressure device is made of a magnetic material and a coil surrounds said laminations.

This invention relates to faulted current indicators, and particularly to faulted current indicators having hot stick clamping mechanisms for mounting the fault indicators onto current carrying cables.
Prior art faulted current indicators include a magnetic lamination surrounding the cable whose current is to be monitored, a coil inductively interlinked with the magnetic lamination for the purpose of producing a voltage corresponding to the current in the cable, and a circuit for analyzing the current in the cable and tripping and resetting a "target" which indicates the fault status of current in the cable.
Prior faulted current indicators use hot stick mechanisms for securing the indicators onto current carrying cables. However, these result in inefficient use of materials.

Fault indicator with hot stick clamping mechanism


A data stream is created for moving data from a source to a target in accordance with a stream protocol defined by controlling stream protocol control blocks (SPCBs) created from a predefined source SPCB and a predefined target SPCB. The controlling SPCBs include information establishing a plurality of data buffers that are used to efficiently stream or transfer data on a real-time basis. The controlling SPCBs are formed by a process of negotiation in which differences between the source and target SPCBs are reconciled in accordance with rules of negotiation. Once the data stream is created, it is then started by the application program and data is streamed until an end of stream is reached.

A multimedia data processing system is designed to present various multimedia materials in various combinations of text, graphics, video, image, animation, sound, etc. Such a system is a combination of hardware and software. The hardware includes a personal computer to which various multimedia devices can be attached. The hardware runs under the control of an operating system and multimedia application programs.
Multimedia applications impose heavy demands on the operating system to move large amounts of data from device to device, from system memory to a device, or vice-versa, in a continuous, real-time manner. Multimedia systems must support a flexible yet consistent means for transporting these large data objects, and control this activity accurately in real time. Adding new multimedia devices and data types should require minimal, if any, new system extension code. The total real memory requirements at run time must be minimized, so that system performance is not degraded. Also, support for complex data types and devices that manipulate interleaved data objects, must be provided. Finally, it must be possible to implement each multimedia data transport control means at the most appropriate system privilege level. Operating system extensions that support multimedia data types and devices must provide the ability to control the many different multimedia I/O devices and to transport, or stream, large multimedia data objects within real-time constraints.
Multimedia applications control the input and output of large amounts of data, including the continual display of bitmaps, output of digitized audio waveforms or MIDI audio sequences, input of digitized audio from an analog microphone or line source, etc. Applications control the data flow in the context of a real-time clock: certain events under program control occur at explicitly defined points in time, and these points are defined very accurately (e.g., in milliseconds).
Given only OS/2 control program services such as DOS calls, or similar services in other operating systems such as AIX or UNIX, controlling the level of function at the application programming interface requires highly complex, device-specific, data transport control modules. Even if such modules are created, there is no guarantee that the threads controlling each I/O operation would execute within their required time intervals. To address this problem, the application needs to add sophisticated semaphore logic and make the I/O control threads time critical. The nature of multitasking operating systems, combined with the high data throughput load common to multimedia applications, will at times prevent data from being delivered to the destination device within the allotted time interval. Failing to meet these real-time requirements results in visible or audible defects in the multimedia presentation.
A system solution for controlling many heterogeneous, multimedia hardware devices requires consistent support for widely divergent data types and real-time-dependent system response capabilities. The system must provide the capability to manage different device specific and data type specific behaviors in a generalized, consistent, device and data type independent interface. The ability of applications to readily control (i.e. tune) these behaviors, where necessary, is also a key requirement. The invention is directed to a multimedia data streaming protocol which overcomes the above difficulties meets the above criteria and objectives set forth hereinafter.

Data stream protocol for multimedia data streaming data processing system

International Business Machines Corporation


A framework is provided for declaratively specifying authorization enforcement points and associating them with classes and subclasses by using declarations that map constants, local variables, or instance variables to permission classes and subclasses such as Java Permission, PermissionFactory, PrivilegedAction and PrivilegedActionFactory classes.

The invention disclosed herein relates generally to systems and methods for providing an authorization framework for applications. More particularly, the present invention provides for declaratively specifying authorization enforcement points and associating them with permission classes and subclasses by using declarations that map constants, local variables, or instance variables to permission classes and subclasses such as Java Permission, PermissionFactory, PrivilegedAction and PrivilegedActionFactory classes.
Providing security measures that allow granularity involves establishing a complex set of relationships between principals and permissions for authorizations to run or use certain processes in applications. A "principal" is an entity in the computer system to which permissions are granted, and is also called a "target application" herein, which contains classes of objects, or "target classes." Examples of principals include processes, objects and threads. A "permission" is an authorization by the computer system that allows a principal to perform a particular action or function. In many cases, the principals also involve user-oriented processes, such as a user interface providing authorized access to a database, wherein the permission to be granted is to allow the user interface access to the database so the user may have access.
There are several systems implemented for use with Java "permission" classes, such as the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,377 to Gong ("Gong"). Gong describes a method and apparatus for establishing and maintaining complex security rules. The security rules are established through the use of permission classes that have the ability to inherit attributes and methods. For example, a permission super class is established that defines an interface to a validation method. A permission subclass may then be created which provides an implementation of the validation method. When invoked, the validation method indicates whether a given permission represented by one object belonging to a permission class encompasses the permission represented by another object belonging to a permission class. Classes are also provided for grouping permissions into sets, and for establishing protection domains for classes of objects. However, using the system described in Gong, in order to introduce new permission subclasses, or to change permission subclasses, developers are still required to perform considerable programming, or re-programming, to change the references to those subclasses for each authorization enforcement point in a target application containing those references.

Method and system for providing an authorization framework for applications

International Business Machines Corporation


A hand trolley for transporting materials in tubs or bins having frame with an upper and lower sections that are rotatably connected about a lower base section. The trolley includes a number of bracket lugs that are removably connected to the frame for attaching tubs or bins of various shapes and sizes. Attached to the trolley for moving the cart is a pair of wheels connected by an axle through the lower base section. The trolley also includes a locking mechanism wherein, engagement of the locking mechanism holds the lower base section in a transport position transverse from the upper section and disengagement of the locking mechanism allows the lower base section to rotate from a position transverse from said upper section to a storage position that is substantially parallel to the upper section.

A carrying trolley is often referred to as a hand truck or dolly. Hand trucks and dollies have been commonly used to transport objects that are significant in size. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,037 issued to Sulcer discloses a hand truck for musical drums; U.S. Pat. No. 6,561,745 issued to Roundtree demonstrates a hand truck for transporting a floor sander; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,386,560 issued to Calender discloses a hand truck for large appliances.
Although less common, designs for carrying trolleys concentrated on transporting smaller objects have been the subject of issued patents. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,851 issued to Summers et al. discloses a hand cart for facilitating the movement of groceries to a desired location; U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,515 issued to Kelly describes a handy carrier that can be reconfigured into a dolly, wheel barrow, wagon and push cart.
Whether the object to be transported is large or small, the aforementioned patents do not describe a carrying trolley adapted for carrying multiple bins, light weight in construction, capable of flat, compact storage, or comprise a kit, making the trolley or hand truck easy to assemble. Several parts and tools are required to assemble each of the described hand trucks rendering them relatively complex for assembly. In addition, the configuration of each design discussed lacks flexibility in transporting multiple bins of varying sizes while allowing the trolley to collapse relatively flat for storage.
While the devices discussed above fulfill their respective, particular needs and objectives, there remains a need for a transport device that is compact for storage, easily assembled, flexible in design allowing transport of multiple bins that comprise a variety of shapes and sizes, and that is cost effective to manufacture.