A method for calculating pixel values of interpolated pixel positions located between integer pixel positions in frames of a video picture by a predefined filter operation, the method including: storing the pixel values of the integer pixel position; determining to which of a number of predefined resolution formats the video picture is adapted; defining a fixed width (W) and fixed height value (H) for the frames corresponding to a resolution format determined by the determining; loading a first set of memory addresses for the memory of the video processing apparatus corresponding to a plurality of the pixel values of integer pixel positions; and executing a filter operation on the plurality of the pixel values of integer pixel positions and calculating a plurality of the pixel values of the interpolated pixel positions.

Transmission of moving pictures in real-time is employed in several applications like, e.g., video conferencing, net meetings, TV broadcasting and video telephony.
However, representing moving pictures requires bulk information as digital video typically is described by representing each pixel in a picture with 8 bits (1 Byte). Such uncompressed video data results in large bit volumes, and cannot be transferred over conventional communication networks and transmission lines in real time due to limited bandwidth.
Thus, enabling real time video transmission requires data compression to a large extent. Data compression may, however, compromise with picture quality. Therefore, great efforts have been made to develop compression techniques allowing real time transmission of high quality video over bandwidth limited data connections.
The most common video coding method is described in the MPEG* and H.26* standards, all of which using block based prediction from previously encoded and decoded pictures.
The video data undergoes four main processes before transmission, namely prediction, transformation, quantization and entropy coding.
The prediction process significantly reduces the amount of bits required for each picture in a video sequence to be transferred. It takes advantage of the similarity of parts of the sequence with other parts of the sequence. Since the predictor part is known to both encoder and decoder, only the difference has to be transferred. This difference typically requires much less capacity for its representation. The prediction is mainly based on picture content from previously reconstructed pictures where the location of the content is defined by motion vectors.
In a typical video sequence, the content of a present block M would be similar to a corresponding block in a previously decoded picture. If no changes have occurred since the previously decoded picture, the content of M would be equal to a block of the same location in the previously decoded picture. In other cases, an object in the picture may have been moved so that the content of M is more equal to a block of a different location in the previously decoded picture. Such movements are represented by motion vectors (V). As an example, a motion vector of (3;4) means that the content of M has moved 3 pixels to the left and 4 pixels upwards since the previously decoded picture.
A motion vector associated with a block is determined by executing a motion search. The search is carried out by consecutively comparing the content of the block with blocks in previous pictures of different spatial offsets. The offset relative to the present block associated with the comparison block having the best match compared with the present block, is determined to be the associated motion vector.
In recent video coding standards, the same concept is extended so that motion vectors also can take ½ pixel values. A vector component of 5.5 then implies that the motion is midway between pixels 5 and 6. More specifically the prediction is obtained by taking the average between the pixel representing a motion of 5 and the pixel representing a motion of 6. This is called a 2-tap filter due to the operation on 2 pixels to obtain prediction of a pixel in between. Motion vectors of this kind are often referred to as having fractional pixel resolution or fractional motion vectors. All filter operations can be defined by an impulse response. The operation of averaging 2 pixels can be expressed with an impulse response of (½, ½). Similarly, averaging over 4 pixels implies an impulse response of (¼, ¼, ¼, ¼).
In H.264/AVC, coding methods have improved both in terms of motion resolution and number of pixels used for each interpolation. The methods use motion compensated prediction with up to ¼ and even ⅛ pixel accuracy. An example of integer- and fractional pixel positions are indicated below (for simplicity, interpolations are only shown between A, E, U and Y):
                    A        ″                                                        E        ′                                                A              b              c              d              E                                                  A        ′                                                        E        ″                                                                                f              g              h              i              j                                                                                k              l              m              n              o                                                                                p              q              r              s              t                                                                                U              v              w              x              Y
The positions A E U Y indicate integer pixel positions, and A″, E′, A′ and E″ indicates additional integer positions on the A-E line. c k m o w indicate half pixel positions. The interpolated values in these positions may be obtained by, e.g., using a 6-tap filter with impulse response ( 1/32, − 5/32, 20/32, 20/32, − 5/32, 1/32) operating on integer pixel values. As an example, c is then calculated by the following expression:c= 1/32·A″− 5/32·E′+ 20/32·A+ 20/32·E− 5/32·A′+ 1/32·E″
The filter is operated horizontally or vertically as appropriate.
When a frame of video is encoded into a H.264/AVC bit stream, one of the last steps is usually the half-pixel interpolation filter for preparing for the above-mentioned motion search when coding future frames. This step is one of the most computationally demanding tasks in the encoding process, and involves filtering the entire frame. As the picture resolution increases, this will require a considerable amount of processor capacity and introduces too much delay, especially if the encoding process is implemented on general purpose shared processors, e.g., processors on personal computers.

Filter process in compression/decompression of digital video systems


A new computer-compiler architecture includes code analysis processes in which loops present in an intermediate instruction set are transformed into more efficient loops prior to fully executing the intermediate instruction set. The compiler architecture starts by generating the equivalent intermediate instructions for the original high level source code. For each loop in the intermediate instructions, a total cycle cost is calculated using a cycle cost table associated with the compiler. The compiler then generates intermediate code for replacement loops in which all conversion instructions are removed. The cycle costs for these new transformed loops are then compared against the total cycle cost for the original loops. If the total cycle costs exceed the new cycle costs, the compiler will replace the original loops in the intermediate instructions with the new transformed loops prior to generation of final code using the instruction set of the processor.

Most programming languages operate with different types of data, each of which may use different levels of precision. Two examples of common data types are integer and floating point data. Operations involving floating point data conventionally use a higher precision than integer operations. The actual precision value often depends on the characteristics of the processor. In some processors, regular, single precision might be 32 bits, while double precision would be 64 bits. Other example precisions include 16 bit single and 32 bit double, 8 bit single and 16 bit double, and the like. In such a computer, floating point operations would be assigned higher precision data compared to integer operations
Computer code is often written in a high level programming language that is conducive for humans to design and write. However, in order to execute this high level programming code, a computer will convert or compile the high level code into a low level code that can be directly executed by the processor. This low level code can be machine language, assembly language, or the like. When converting and processing the high level code into the low level code, a performance metric that is often monitored is total runtime of the resultant code. Among other factors, the runtime is a function of the number of instructions and their individual latencies. Therefore, reducing the amount of instructions and using instructions with lower latency can improve the performance of an application.
In many compiler architectures, the conversion process involves multiple stages in which various intermediate level code representations are generated, after which differing code optimizations are applied before finally converting the code into the low level equivalent. This multi-stage process is used because many algorithms for code optimization are easier to apply one at a time to an intermediate level code, or because the input to one optimization relies on the processing performed by another optimization. The manner in which this multi-stage process proceeds also depends on the processor architecture.
Modern processors generally operate with instruction sets. An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA), is the programming part of the computer architecture that addresses the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, external input/output (I/O), and the like. An ISA can also include a specification of the set of machine language operation codes, which are the native commands implemented by a particular processor. There are various types of ISAs for modern processors including, for example, reduced instruction set computer (RISC), complex instruction set computer (CISC), explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC), and the like. The compiler will generally use a code generator to generate low level machine or assembly code using the associated instruction set. The code generator may take as input a parsed or abstract syntax tree of the high level code or the output of an optimization and converts the tree into a linear sequence of instructions in the low level code.
Instruction sets may provide separate operations depending on the precision of the data being operated on. For example, an ISA may define a full precision add operation and a half precision add operation. In the integer/floating point example from above, the addition of two floating point data types will be handled by the full precision add operation, while addition of two integers will be handed by the half precision add. These particular operations use corresponding registers. In general the computer architecture will define full precision and half precision registers for use with related operations. Therefore, code generation in such architectures is generally driven by the precision of the data types of the data that resides in the registers.
Because high level programming code can provide for code that operates on both a half precision data type and a full precision data type, an ISA also usually includes conversion operations that will up-convert half precision data types to full precision for operations and then down-convert the full precision data types back to half precision after the operation is completed. However, these conversion operations usually bring higher processing cycle costs and latency. It would be advantageous to produce the set of most efficient, least latent operations as possible without sacrificing the programmer's intended precision of the output of the program.
Turning now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown which illustrates an example compilation process 10. Input code 101 represents a segment of high level programming code that a compiler 100 will compile. The input code 101 represents a loop that is executed as a part of the high level code that performs some arithmetic operations. Line 1 sets up the loop operation; line 2 performs a first arithmetic operation using two single-precision variables and a constant; line 3 performs a second arithmetic operation using three variables, in which one of the variables, 'z', has been defined as a double precision data type; and line 4 defines the end point of the loop. The compiler 100 processes the input code 101 and produces output code 102, which is the output loop segment resulting from compilation of the input code 101. Further, the output code is in a intermediate representation where the variables have been replaced by virtual registers. An appropriate single or double precision register is used based on the type of the variable. The output code 102 may be converted into instructions of the ISA at a later time by the compiler.
The loop defined in four lines of high level code in the input code 101 results in a loop defined in six lines in the output code 102. Lines 1 and 6 of the output code 102 define the loop. Single precision registers are denoted by SR followed by a number. Double precision registers are denoted by DR followed by number. The precision of the instruction is denoted by the suffix number. In line 2, a single precision add, FADD16, is defined in which SR1 represents the single precision register to hold the constant "1.5", SR2 represents the variable 'y', and SR0 represents the result of the add, 'x'. Because the multiplication instruction of line 3 in the input code 101 involves a double precision data type, line 3 of the output code 102 provides an up-conversion instruction that up-converts the variable 'x', in register SR0, into a double precision data type in register DR10. The double precision multiplication is defined in line 4 in which 'x'—DR10 is multiplied with 'z'—DR11, with the result being stored back in DR10, now representing the variable 'y'. The variable 'y' is defined as a single precision data type in the remainder of the program. Therefore, line 5 in the output code 102 provides a down-conversion instruction that down-converts the double precision variable 'y'—DR10 into a single precision data type in register SR2.
Each of these instructions is processed 10 times, as defined in the loop. In some processor architectures, the processor cycle cost for a conversion operation is usually higher than a simple add or other simple arithmetic operation. Thus, the conversion costs that result from the loop defined in the output code 102 are relatively high compared with the actual cycle costs for the defined arithmetic functions. Many modern processors provide only for instruction set operations between same precision type variables. Moreover, several multiple pipeline processor architectures will organize the instructions into separate pipelines in which each pipeline will only handle instructions of a particular precision. Therefore, conversions are essentially necessary for instruction processing.

Loop transformation for computer compiler optimization


This disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatuses for determining access models for applications. The access models can be determined using various techniques described herein. The access models can enable the applications to be onboarded into the enterprise system and, in some cases, can be utilized by an identity and access management (IdAM) system and/or identity and governance administration (IGA) system to facilitate ongoing identity management and access control functions for the applications in the enterprise system.

Many enterprises provide internal networks that enable network users to access and utilize various applications. The number of applications offered by large enterprises can be significant and, in some cases, may be in the thousands. Moreover, in many cases, the applications utilize or manage confidential or sensitive information (e.g., such as financial data, legal documents, etc.), which can be subject to strict cybersecurity, regulatory, and/or compliance standards.
Enterprises are often reluctant to onboard new applications for use on their networks due to the stringent cybersecurity, regulatory, and compliance standards that apply to the applications utilized by the enterprises. In some cases, the enterprises may utilize identity software that assists with authenticating and authorizing users' access to applications. However, traditional identity software solutions are inadequate for several reasons.
One common deficiency of traditional identity software solutions is that they are difficult to integrate into enterprise systems, and they often require technical users to dedicate significant amounts of time integrating the identity software solutions. For example, integrating a traditional identity software solution typically requires the source code of each application to be manually modified for compatibility with the identity software, which can expend an enormous amount of time, effort, and resources. Another deficiency of traditional identity software solutions relates to the lack of homogeneity with respect to how applications are integrated with the identity software solutions, and how the underlying information for the applications is stored and/or accessed when needed (e.g., in response to a hacking event, compliance recertification, and/or other need). Another deficiency of traditional identity software solutions is the difficulty associated with modifying settings (e.g., changing permissions, adding/removing users, etc.) associated with the applications after the applications are integrated with the identity software solution. Again, this often requires manual customization of the applications' source codes.
As mentioned above, many enterprises provides large number of applications (e.g., hundreds or thousands), which are often associated with legacy systems that do not include identity software solutions. While it may be desired to integrate all of the applications with an identity software solution being utilized by the enterprise, doing so is not practical due to the time required to modify the code associated with each of the applications. In many cases, transitioning or integrating a large collection of applications from a legacy system with a particular identity software solution can take several years.

Systems and methods for onboarding and managing applications over networks


Disclosed is a device for exsanguinating a portion of an extremity, the device comprising a torus having a variable circumferential diameter, the torus configured to encircle an extremity portion and apply exsanguination pressure thereto, and a transducer operatively associated with the torus, the transducer, while the torus is encircling the extremity portion, being configured to control at least one of a diameter of the variable circumferential diameter, a tension in the torus and a pressure applied by the torus.

The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to mobile torus devices and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to mobile torus devices and methods for exsanguinating an extremity.
A bloodless extremity during a surgical procedure is highly desirable in helping the surgeon identify tissue layers, anatomic landmarks and biological structures.
To attempt to exsanguinate the extremity and render a bloodless surgical site, a first sterile assistant typically elevates the extremity above the heart while a second sterile assistant wraps an elastic bandage in a spiral fashion from the distal portion of the extremity to proximal to the surgical site.
The elastic wrap drives some of the blood in the extremity proximal to the surgical site and, to prevent a flow of blood during surgery, a pneumatic tourniquet proximal to the surgical site, is inflated to a pressure of between 150 and 500 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
The elastic bandage is then removed and the surgeon makes a first incision into the surgical site.
The first incision, however, is often accompanied by a release of residual blood remaining in the extremity distal to the tourniquet. The residual blood often covers and obstructs visualization of the surgical site. Lavage and copious sponging by a sterile assistant renders a relatively bloodless, but wet, surgical site.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/498,369, now published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 200510080450 Al (Gavriely) teaches a tubular sock and elastic annulus that are rolled along the extremity to exsanguinate the extremity.


A system and method for restricting access to requested data based on user location are disclosed. The method comprises receiving a data request and determining origin location information of the data request from a source providing information having accuracy to a predetermined standard. The method further comprises retrieving one or more policies associated with the requested data, comparing the origin location information with the policies, and dynamically adjusting access restrictions to the requested data based on the comparison.

Advancements in Internet technology have enabled easy data access from any location in the world. Oftentimes, however, data restriction may be necessary. For instance, in an organization, it may be important to restrict access to confidential or sensitive data only to certain employees and sometimes to employees present in secure locations. Authorized access to confidential data and protection from unauthorized access, use, and disclosure is of great importance. Data flow between systems can be unrestricted, requiring no approval, or restricted, requiring authorization or approval.

System and method for restricting access to requested data based on user location


An exemplary paint material switching path includes first and second valve elements, each having an inlet and an outlet, and a hollow cylindrical intermediate piece arranged between the outlet of the first valve element and the inlet of the second valve element. The inlet of the first valve element is configured to be connected to a continuously pressurized paint material supply, and a manifold channel which is configured to be pressurized and into which the outlet of the second valve element opens. Furthermore, components are provided for measuring the pressure prevailing in the hollow cylindrical intermediate piece and an evaluation device for detecting leaks in at least one of the two valve elements based on the measured pressure with respect to time for a given pressure difference between the inlet of the first valve element and the outlet of the second valve element at the beginning of the leak detection.

Paint materials with a multiplicity of different colour shades can be used in industrial painting systems, for example in the automobile industry, for the coating of workpieces such as automobile bodies. Depending upon the market segment of the manufacturer, this can be ten different colour shades, for example, or even fifty and more. Workpieces are usually painted by means of painting robots which are arranged in a climatized paint booth. The workpieces can be fed into the paint booth by means of a conveyor device where they are then coated by the painting robots. The order of the workpieces to be coated in a desired colour shade on the conveyor device is usually specified by the overall production process. A frequent colour change can therefore be implemented at the respective painting robots. For a cycle time of 60 s-80 s per workpiece or workpiece carrier, the number of colour changes called for can be several hundred per day and per robot.
With a colour changer according to the prior art, a multiplicity of paint material supply hoses opens out into a common manifold channel via appropriate valves. This is sealed at one end and, at its other end, has a fluidic connection to an atomiser by means of a hose connection. When a colour is changed, the paint material in the common manifold channel, hose connection and atomiser should first be pushed out as waste before this path can then be purged and new paint material subsequently pushed in.
When a colour is changed, in all cases it should be ensured that no paint is carried over. This is an introduction—even if only infinitesimally small—of a first paint material into a second paint material. Depending on the colour shades which are unintentionally mixed with one another, paint carryover can be highly detrimental to the painting result, for example when a small amount of a red colour shade finds its way into a white colour shade which then appears pink in some areas. To prevent paint carryover of this kind, it is essential to thoroughly clean the manifold channel appropriately when changing the colour.
However, paint carryover can occur in spite of appropriate cleaning measures, namely if one of the switching valves leaks, that is to say, in spite of an actually closed switching state, a quantity of paint material, albeit only small, finds its way from the respective supply line into the manifold channel. A known measure for further reducing the risk of paint carryover due to a leaking valve consists in fluidically connecting two valves or valve means in series to form a double arrangement and to switch them synchronously. In this case, leakage of the whole arrangement can be possible in the event of a defect in both of the series-connected valve means.
However, a series connection of valve means in a paint material switching path can increase reliability to a certain extent, as both valves are subject to the same switching cycles, and therefore synchronized wear and failure of both valves is probable.
Paint material switching paths according to known implementations can make detection of leakage of the valve means or allow detection from already incorrectly coated workpieces which are then scrap.

Paint material switching path and colour changer


Coated substrates having an ultrathin, single-layer or multilayer coating of organic polymer material have been found, in which coated substrates the polymer used is a polyester of the structure ##STR1## wherein A is the skeleton of an aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic diol,. B is the skeleton of an aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid, PA1 n assumes values from 2 to 80 and. at least one of the substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 represents an aliphatic radical having an essentially normal chain and the other radicals in each case denote hydrogen or methyl, the aliphatic radical having at least 8 C atoms and it being possible for bonding of the aliphatic radical having an essentially normal chain to the skeleton A or B also to take place via groups containing heteroatoms, and, where there are two aliphatic radicals having an essentially normal chain on one skeleton, these radicals are identical, and furthermore R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together may form an alkylene chain.. Such coated substrates can be produced by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The stated polyesters are novel intermediate products for these coated substrates.

1. Field of the invention
The present invention relates to novel coated substrates having an ultrathin, single-layer or multi-layer coating, in which coated substrates the coating material is a polyester, and also a process for the production of such coated substrates and novel polyesters as intermediate products for these coated substrates.
Coated substrates have a wide range of applications in industrial technology. For example, the frictional properties of materials can be tailored to a required purpose by modifying the surface. Furthermore, the coating may be a protective film for the substrate underneath, in order to preserve its special surface properties. In particular, however, coated substrates have recently been used as components in structural elements for optical communications technology and as electronic and optoelectronic information stores.
Particularly for the electronic and optical applications, it is necessary to produce ultrathin, defect-free multilayer coatings whose layers have a high degree of order and an adjustable layer thickness which is as homogeneous as possible, and this high degree of order should also be retained when a large number of coating layers are present.
The thin layers produced from the organic polymers form the basis of defect-free systems having order at the molecular level, as required, for example, for
optical applications (directional radiation with little damping, for example optical waveguides having nonlinear optical properties), PA1 electrical applications (electrical conductors of high anisotropy, for example one-dimensional or two-dimensional conductors in the field of molecular electronics), PA1 "host lattices" for defined incorporation or specific binding of functional groups or molecules (for example biomolecules for sensors). PA1 B is the skeleton of an aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid, PA1 n assumes values from 2 to 80 and at least one of the substituents R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 represents an aliphatic radical having an essentially normal chain and each of the other radicals denotes hydrogen or methyl, the aliphatic radical having at least 8 C atoms and it being possible for bonding of the aliphatic radicals having an essentially normal chain to the skeleton A or B also to take place via groups containing heteroatoms, and, where there are two aliphatic radicals having an essentially normal chain on one skeleton, these radicals are identical, and furthermore R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together may form an alkylene chain.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is already known that monomolecular layers can be produced from amphiphilic low molecular weight molecules, each having a polar or nonpolar end, such as, for example, long-chain fatty acids, on the surface of a non-solvent, such as water, in which monomolecular layers all polar ends are directed, for example, towards water, while the nonpolar ends project into the gas space above. For this purpose, small amounts of such amphiphilic substances are dissolved in a suitable solvent and, for example, introduced onto a water surface of sufficient size, where they spread, with evaporation of the solvent, to form an initially noncohesive, monomolecular layer. By moving a suitable barrier, the water surface is reduced in size and the resulting increase in the surface tension is measured as a function of the area still available (that is to say the surface pressure/area graphs which are known to those skilled in the art and are also known as .pi./A isotherms, are recorded).
This gives a cohesive, monomolecular layer exhibiting order at the molecular level. When this quasi-solid state of this monomolecular layer is reached, further movement of this barrier meets with a clearly measurable resistance, which indicates that this state has been reached. Suitable substrates can then be immersed through the monomolecular layer into the water and in turn become coated with a monomolecular layer of the amphiphilic substance during immersion and/or withdrawal, the monomolecular order in the individual layers being retained.
The stated process can be repeated. This coating technique is known to the skilled worker as the Langmuir-Blodgett technique.
However, coatings of monomeric amphiphilic substances are chemically, thermally and mechanically unstable, that is to say the molecular order may be lost through chemical and/or physical effects. Attempts have therefore been made to coat substrates with amphiphilic substances having a reactive double bond or multiple bond and subsequently to crosslink the said substances to give a polymer, for example by means of high-energy radiation.
Frequently investigated examples for the polymerization of unsaturated amphiphilic substances are diacetylenecarboxylic acids and .omega.-tricosenoic acid. The serious disadvantages of these substances are their high reactivity, with the result that they are often difficult to obtain in pure form. In the course of the polymerization, after transfer onto the substrate, shrinkage often results in defects, such as macroscopic cracks in the coating.
Attempts have also been made to include polymeric substances, such as polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate, in the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. However, polymers give rise to difficulties in the alignment of the polar or the nonpolar structural components, owing on the one hand to the random disorder in the polymer chain and on the other hand to superstructures of the polymers. It is therefore always necessary to determine whether the amphiphilicity (that is to say the difference in polarity between the polar and the nonpolar groups) is sufficient to obtain coatings of high molecular order and good reproducibility. The so-called Y structure, in which the polar and the nonpolar structural elements are located opposite one another from one layer to the other in multilayer coatings, is frequently desirable here. For special applications, for example nonlinear optically active layers, this Y structure may be disadvantageous; with the polyesters described further below, it is also possible to produce layers of the X or Z type under suitable experimental conditions. In Journal of Molecular Electronics 1 (1985), 3-17, the subject matter discussed is described in detail.

Coated substrates having an ultrathin, single-layer or multilayer coating, a process for their production and polyesters as intermediate products for the coated substrates


A reprographic camera system uses a reprographic camera (1) with a vertical optical axis and a mainly horizontal original table (3) positioned under the objective lens (2) of the camera. An arrangement separate from the camera for the transfer of signals of density and/or picture data to an exposure control system in the camera includes a transducer/or wireless information transfer from the arrangement to the exposure control system (9). The arrangement may include a freely movable densitometer (4) for measuring density values in the original and/or a calculator unit (5) provided with a keyboard for keying in picture data.

The invention relates to a reprographic camera system comprising a reprographic camera with a vertical optical axis and a mainly horizontal, original table positioned under the objective lens of the camera. It also relates to an arrangement separate from the camera intended to transfer signals of density and/or picture data to an exposure control means in the camera.
Reprographic camera systems of this type are used for the reproduction of pictures and/or text in black and white or colors. The basis of controlling the exposure of the camera includes a main exposure and a so-called bump exposure and possibly a pre-illumination, In that respect, either a direct measurement of the density values of the original must be effected and conversion of the measured values to signals used for adjusting the camera control by a densitometer, that is an instrument manually movable across the original placed on the original table, or a transfer of density and picture data to the camera from a calculator unit provided with a keyboard and which may either be an integrated part of the camera or a unit separate from the camera.
In known reprographic camera systems the transfer of signals to the camera from the densitometer or a possible separate keyboard calculator unit is effected via usual wire or cable connections, thereby limiting the physical movement possibilities of the densitometer and the possible placements of the calculator unit in relation to the camera.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing components consisting of one piece which appear in a weaving machine, comprising one or more first and second parts, said parts being manufactured in separate first and second parts and joined together to form a whole by means of processes which practically do not change the cross-section of said parts, said first and second parts have:                different mechanical and/or magnetic and/or tribological properties; and/or        a different manufacturing method; and/or        different shape properties according to their functional requirements in the component.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing components consisting of one piece which appear in a weaving machine, comprising one or more first and second parts, said parts being manufactured in separate first and second parts and being joined to form one piece by means of processes which practically do not change the cross-section of said parts.
Up to the present, in weaving machines, one has to deal with manufacturing long components having a small cross-section, the manufacturing process selected being determined by the requirements which may be imposed on a local part of the components, but where the method of manufacturing is applied to the entire component. By long components are meant components having a total length situated between about 0.4 and 2 meters, the local parts determining the method of manufacturing for the total component being shorter than 0.3 meters.
Moreover, specific tribological, mechanical and/or magnetic properties are required for these local parts. By tribological properties are meant, for instance, being free of burrs, pure, polished, etc. Furthermore, these local parts may be subjected to certain specific requirements as to their shape, for instance having recesses, deflections, local broadenings and others and/or combinations of these features.
The disadvantage is, that most of the time, the method for manufacturing these local parts is expensive and/or labor-intensive. Because the method of production required has to be applied for the entire part, and the tribological, mechanical and/or magnetic properties required are possibly required for the parts which are not essential for the method of production, the costs for production of such long parts are very strongly increased, and obviously additional costs and labor are required.
More particularly, the invention relates to, for instance, heddles, lancets, hooks, etc., where the properties, method of production and/or other provisions required for a local part of these components are essential for the entire component, because of which manufacturing such components is an expensive matter.
In JP 60119245 a method is described, for instance, for manufacturing a heddle, which is used in a weaving machine, comprising a narrow centerpiece, which has an opening through which a yarn may be passed, and both extremities of which have an indentation or a hole to be connected to a heddle rod. The narrow centerpiece being made independently of the rest from sheet metal and attached to it. The sheet metal may consist of rolled leaves having rounded sides. Holes and/or indentations have been punched in them and then they are welded by means of a laser or electron beam. Such a method solves the problem that one stage of the process, for instance, a polishing or grinding process, to give the heddle its final shape, may be reduced or eliminated.
The drawback of such a heddle is that the center piece and the outer parts are made of the same material, whereas the center and outer parts have different functions, and the material used for the center part is less optimal for the outer parts and inversely, or that a material is selected which will be a compromise between the requirements for both parts.
In BE 571 667 a harness loop is described for weaving machines, more particularly at the extremity of hooks for a harness free of riders. In addition to openings for the guide rails and for the warp yarns, these harness loops have at least one discontinuity or opening at each extremity in the direction of the plane formed by the harness loops lined up, by means of which they are laced up to an independent lining up instrument. Thus, for instance, the harness loop at its extremity has a hook, which is hung onto a U-shaped channel corresponding to a guide rail, which is attached, for instance, to a supporting rod of the weaving machine or is part of it. The hook is connected to the spindle of the harness loop by means of a welding or brazing process.
A disadvantage of such a harness loop is that the parts connected to one another are each machined at their extremity to such a form that both parts are fitting together in a manner that they may be removed from one another in the longitudinal direction. This fit is secured by a weld. Machining these parts is time-consuming and expensive and the welded part has bulges caused by the weld.

Method for manufacturing components consisting of one piece which appear in a weaving machine


The present disclosure relates to a DNA aptamer which specifically binds to an insulin receptor, and a composition for treating diabetes and a composition for diagnosing diabetes which contain the same as an active ingredient, and the aptamer is characterized by being able to treat and diagnose diabetes more effectively than side effects caused by insulin such as increased incidence of cancer and atherosclerosis by having a different binding mechanism from existing insulin.

Insulin receptor (IR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor, and is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-1 or IGF-2. It is a tetramer structure in which 2 α chains (719 residues) comprising insulin-binding portion and 2 β chains (620 residues) comprising membrane penetrating portion are connected by S—S bond. When insulin binds to the receptor, the activity of the tyrosine kinase in the intracellular region of β chains becomes active and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of receptor occurs. This autophosphorylation causes phosphorylation of other proteins.
Activation of the insulin receptor leads to glucose uptake, and the glucose uptake is inhibited when signaling of the insulin receptor is decreased, leading to secondary diabetes or related complications and hyperglycemia, etc.
Aptamer is a material which consists of 4 kinds of nucleic acids and shows specificity to the target protein according to the combination of the sequence, unlike an antibody consisting of a peptide. The aptamer specific to the target protein is produced in a test tube through SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment), and the process includes a process of finding the aptamer specifically binding to a purified protein in the random combination of pool of aptamer and amplifying it through PCR. A representative single-stranded DNA aptamer new drug, Pegaptanib is an anticancer drug that inhibits vascular epidermal growth factor binding to a vascular epidermal growth factor receptor, used for the vascular epidermal growth factor, and is approved by FDA for clinical use.
Currently, most efforts to identify functional aptamers are focused on the inhibiting ability of aptamer to the target. In particular, a variety of inhibitory aptamers have been developed for treatment of diseases, which interfere with the activity of the target molecule for clinical applications (e.g Macgen, AS1411). However, considering that intermolecular interactions are necessarily accompanied by structural changes, it is believed that activation of protein function will be possible, if aptamer-protein bond can induce a proper structural change of protein. Thus, theoretically, the aptamer has the potential to act as a functional agonist by mimicking specific protein-protein bond. However, the development of the agonist aptamer which activates functions of target remains a difficult problem at present.
In addition, in order to regulate blood sugar of patient normally, many kinds of insulin derivatives have been developed and used in these days, but insulin induces cell division in addition to glucose uptake, and the change of amino acid sequence introduced in some insulin derivatives increases binding to IGF-1 receptor and activation. Thus, the long-term administration of insulin for treating diabetes may increase incidence of cancer and there is a continuing concern about side effects caused by insulin such as atherosclerosis. In addition, it has been reported that there is a significant correlation between persistent administration of insulin and increased incidence of cancer through some epidemiological investigations. Therefore, the development of a biased agonist for insulin receptor which does not induce cell division and only increases glucose uptake will provide a good alternative to insulin administration.
Thus, there is a demand for development of an aptamer which specifically binds to insulin receptor and technology for treating or diagnosing diabetes using thereof.

Aptamer against insulin receptor and pharmaceutical compostion containing the same


A gravimeter for detecting a gravity difference between two points is disclosed. The gravimeter comprises an interferometric arrangement wherein the length of a reference arm is dependent upon the gravity local to a first accelerometer and the length of a sample arm is dependent upon the gravity local to a second accelerometer. A pair of photodetectors that operate in complimentary fashion provide electrical signals based on a first signal conveyed by the reference arm and a second signal conveyed by the sample arm. A change in the differential gravity between the two points induces equal and opposite changes to the magnitudes of the two electrical signals.

Gravimetric sensing is a powerful tool for used in such applications as geological surveying, oil field exploration, earthquake detection, homeland defense, and shipping container shock detection. A gravimeter is an instrument used measuring a local gravitational field. A gravimeter is a highly sensitive type of accelerometer, specialized for measuring the constant downward acceleration of gravity. Gravimeters have better sensitivity than a conventional accelerometer, however, which enables them to measure very tiny fractional changes within the Earth's gravity. Such small changes in local gravity can be caused by, among other things, a geologic structure, a mass of highly dense material (e.g., nuclear material and its storage container), or the shape of the Earth.
An absolute gravimeter provides an absolute value for gravity local to a position. A typical absolute gravimeter comprises a mass that is propelled upward to an apex, from which it subsequently free-falls. This is normally performed in a vacuum to mitigate the effects of air friction. Acceleration is determined based on the characteristics of the free-fall of the mass. In some prior-art gravimeters, the mass includes a retroreflector that terminates one arm of a Michelson interferometer. By counting and timing the interference fringes, the velocity and acceleration of the mass during free-fall can be determined. In some cases, the system measures both upward and downward motion of the mass, thereby enabling the cancellation of some systematic measurement errors.
Two or more gravimeters can be used in unison to provide a relative measure of gravity over a region. Two- or three-dimensional mapping of a gravitational field can provide a great deal of information about sub-surface structure and materials. A sensor that is capable of precisely mapping the gradients in the gravitational field can offer a high degree of precision about the density profiles of nearby geological formations, such as mineral deposits or subterranean oil fields.
The most common type of relative gravimeter is spring based. A spring-based relative gravimeter is basically a weight on a spring, and by measuring the amount by which the weight stretches the spring, local gravity can be determined. The spring must be carefully calibrated, however. This is typically done by placing the instrument in a location with a known gravitational acceleration.
The high-sensitivity of a gravimeter makes it susceptible to extraneous vibrations. Numerous approaches have been used to attempt to mitigate the deleterious effects of such vibrations. For example, many gravimeters include integrated vibration isolation. Unfortunately, such isolation requires complex and expensive infrastructure and affords only partial isolation. Sophisticated post-measurement signal processing has also been applied to reduce the noise due to vibrations and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This requires, however, a highly developed model of the noise sources and also adds to the cost and complexity of the gravimeter system. Alternatively, since some applications do not require gravity measurements at high speed, attempts to improve SNR have included time-averaging the output of the device. Although time averaging offers improvement in gravimeter sensitivity, it precludes the use of such systems in many applications.


A smoking article particularly to eliminate spotting or staining and provide good smoke quality includes a double wrap smoking article which includes an outer wrap of a conventional cigarette paper and an inner wrap which is comprised of from about 55 to 85% wood fibers and 15 to 45% flax fibers, a basis weight of 12-15 gm/M2 and a porosity of 200 to 160,000 Coresta or greater.

The present invention is directed to a wrapper for a smoking article and particularly an inner wrap for a smoking article to reduce spotting.
In the manufacturing of smoking articles, and particularly cigarettes, in the last few years there has been a considerable amount of detail paid to the wrappers for use in encasing a tobacco rod or other smokeable materials. There has been considerable concern for the reduction of secondary or sidestream smoke which is a by-product of the combustion of a smoking article as well as selected additives to reduce fire propensity which are formulated into the cigarette wrapper. Moreover, there have been suggestions of circumscribing tobacco rods with a plurality of wrappers wherein each wrapper has certain additives therein to reduce this sidestream smoke as well as fire propensity. However, in many cases the types of additives that have been added to the cigarette wrapping papers have created off-taste or reduced the smoke quality or created undesirable appearances in the smoking article.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,636 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,505,282 teach taste improvement in a smoking article by using a carbon inner liner in a smoking article. And, U.S. Pat. No. 5,172,708 teaches an improvement in the yellow spotting or staining with a double wrap cigarette paper wherein the inner wrap is comprised of a mixture of wood fibers, specifically pine and birch.
Spotting of the exterior wrapper on cigarettes occurs over time by either the tobacco pigment and/or flavor/casing additives transferring to the exterior layer of paper. Spotting is accelerated by transportation/storage temperatures above 90xc2x0 F. and high humidity. Temperatures of 120-130xc2x0 F. have been recorded during product transit from manufacturer to the final end market, especially during summer months.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wrapper that eliminates spotting of the exterior paper wrapper during transportation/storage of the smoking article.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a double wrap smoking article wherein the inner wrap improves the taste quality of the smoking article and simultaneously reduces spotting or staining.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an inner wrap for a smoking article wherein the inner wrap includes at least 50% by weight of wood fibers and less than 50% by weight of flax. Preferably, wood fibers would make up from 55 to 85% by weight of the inner wrap fiber matrix with the remainder being flax. It has been found that in manufacturing an inner wrap for the spotting/staining via a double wrap smoking article that the lower the basis weight of the paper and the higher the porosity was desirable. For example, inner wrap papers having a basis weight of less than 15 gm/M2 decreases irritation from smoke as the basis weight is lowered. Moreover, inner wrap papers having a basis weight of 12 gm/M2 demonstrated a lower irritation than an inner wrap having a basis weight of 15 gm/M2. And, inner wraps of a mixture of wood and flax where the fiber ratio was approximately 30% flax and 70% wood have been found to be better tasting with less smoke irritation in comparison with inner wraps comprised of a mixture of 50% abaca and 50% wood.
Double wrapped cigarettes using two conventional papers, made with flax or wood, or a combination of both fibers, having normal burn additives (0.3-2.5% citrates and 20-30% chalk), and normal porosity (10-120 Coresta) have been used in some products marketed in the past and are to some extent, still practiced today. The problem with using two layers of conventional papers is two-fold. First, the taste is negatively affected, by an increase in irritation, dryness, and overall papery character; and secondly, the smoke chemistry is changed by a substantial Increase in mainstream vapor phase smoke components.
One of the unique characteristics of the inner wrap of the present invention is that it is made to have a porosity that would be normally associated with porous filter plug wraps (5,000 to 160,000 Coresta). The advantage of using a high porosity inner wrap is that much of the vapor phase components in the mainstream smoke are not elevated.
In the preparation of smoking articles of the present invention, a double-wrap paper wrapper is wrapped around a tobacco rod wherein the outer wrap is a paper wrap which includes either 100% of flax fiber or 100% wood fiber or a mix of flax and wood fibers along with other-additives, such as calcium carbonate, and is at a basis weight of about 20-25 gm/M2 with a porosity in the neighborhood of 25-50 Coresta units with other additives which may include burn additives, and the like. The inner wrap is made up of from 55 to 85% percent, by weight, of wood fibers which includes soft wood, such as pine, and hard woods such as eucalyptus. Moreover, the inner wrap includes from about 15 to 45% by weight of flax. Preferably, the wood fiber is about 70% by weight and the flax is about 30% by weight. Generally, the flax is selected from the group consisting of bast flax fiber and shive flax fiber wherein the bast flax fiber is from 50 to 90% and the shive flax fibers is from 10 to 50%. Also, the inner wrap has a preferred basis weight of from 12 to 15 gm/M2 and a porosity of from about 200 to 160,000 Coresta units. The two wrappers then circumscribe a tobacco rod wherein the tobacco rod may be prepared from burley, flue cured, oriental, reconstituted tobacco, stems, or any combination in order to obtain a smokable product.

Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation


A non-volatile memory device includes a matrix of non-volatile memory cells, writing circuitry and reading circuitry for the memory cells of the matrix. The device comprises a counter including a sector of non-volatile memory cells and control logic capable of scanning the memory cells of the sector using the reading circuitry and of updating the sector by commanding the writing, using the writing circuitry, of a given value in a memory cell different from the memory cell containing said given value.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention refers to a non-volatile memory device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently in memory devices the updating of the software is made by canceling the previous version of the software and rewriting the updated version of said software on the memory device. The code corresponding to the installed version of the software remains in the volatile memory of the device and is updated by canceling the code of the previous version.
In said memory devices it is possible to successively reload the software with a successive version but it is also possible to reload with a previous version.


An internal combustion engine (14) has an associated controller (18) controlling operation of the engine. A fuel pump (10) delivers fuel to the engine at more than one pressure (300 kPa, 800 kPa). The fuel pump includes a fuel inlet (34) and a fuel outlet (68). It also includes a motor (38) and pump assembly (36) for drawing fuel through the inlet into the fuel pump and delivering fuel to the outlet at a pressure higher than the pressure at the inlet. An outlet assembly (40) of the pump includes an outlet pressure sensor (76) and a processor (79) which is responsive to an input from the controller to vary the outlet fuel pressure by controlling the speed of the motor.

This invention relates to "on-demand" fuel pumps, and more particularly, to such a fuel pump which is capable of delivering fuel at different output pressure levels depending upon engine conditions.
In co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,293, there is described an in-tank fuel pump assembly for use with an internal combustion engine. The pump assembly draws low pressure fuel from the fuel tank in which the assembly is installed and delivers fuel at a high pressure to an internal combustion engine. Fuel demand varies depending upon a variety of factors including whether the vehicle is accelerating, decelerating, or traveling at a constant speed, the altitude at which the vehicle is moving, air temperature, and whether the vehicle is traveling on a straight path, ascending or descending, or turning. Modern electronic engine control systems are responsive to inputs from various sensors to control operation of the fuel pump so the pump delivers only the amount of fuel required by the engine at any one time; more or less fuel being supplied as circumstances warrant. This is referred to as "on demand" fuel delivery.
Heretofore, the pressure at which the fuel pump delivered fuel to the engine has been a single pressure level value; e.g. 15 psi, 30 psi, etc. Now, however, it has been found to be desirable to vary both the pressure at which fuel is delivered to the engine, as well as the amount of fuel delivered. Current fuel pump assemblies cannot provide this capability, thereby limiting their performance capabilities and the efficiency of the fuel delivery system of which they are a part. Rather, to achieve a multiple pressure capability, multiple pressure regulators and/or multiple fuel flow regulators are required within the fuel system. These add both cost and complexity to the system.

Dual pressure on demand automotive fuel pump


A multimedia messaging service center (MMSC) and method for caching mobile phone newspaper thereof are disclosed. The MMSC comprises a memory module, a mobile phone newspaper message processing module and a network attached shortage (NAS) module. In this method, after receiving a multimedia message, the MMSC decodes the multimedia message and determines whether the multimedia message is a mobile phone newspaper message; if it is, then the MMSC transmits the message body of the multimedia message to the mobile phone newspaper message processing module. The mobile phone newspaper message processing module determines whether the same message body has been saved in the memory module; if it is, then said message body is discarded, otherwise, said message body is saved into the memory module. The processing efficiency of the MMSC and the user experience are improved by the present invention.

MMS refers to a messaging service that can transmit multimedia contents among mobile phones as well as between mobile phones and other applications such as an Email server. The MMS is classified according to operators to which users belong and regions where users are located. A Multimedia Messaging Service Center (MMSC) to which users belong is responsible for providing the users with Multimedia Messaging Services.
A Multimedia Messaging Service Gateway (MMSG) uses an MM7 interface to realize interconnection with an MMSC and SP (Service Providers) and to distribute Single Sign-On SP services throughout the whole network, so as to reduce the transmit flow of an MM4 interface and improve the overall processing capacity of a present MMSC network.
"Mobile Phone Newspaper" is a self-owned service developed by China Mobile (CMCC) in cooperation with domestic mainstream media institutions, for the purpose of providing users with timely messaging services (including contents such as news, sports, entertainments, culture and life) through the MMS and WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). By making great efforts on this service and based on abundant consumer resources, the CMCC has achieved great traffic in this service, which has accounted for about 70% of the whole MMS traffic.
Everyday, two messages of the Mobile Phone Newspaper are transmitted to each user at regular time. For the users in a same province, a group-sending strategy is adopted. In general, a message of the Mobile Phone Newspaper transmitted to an MMSG comprises 10000 destination addresses, and the content of the MMS transmitted to all the users in a same province is identical. However, the capacity of an MMSC for processing group-sending is finite. Therefore, the MMSG classifies the numbers belonging to one MMSC into a message, and split the message according to the capacity of a corresponding MMSC for processing the number of destination addresses. Generally, an MMSC has the capacity for processing 30 destination addresses. Therefore, before forwarding a message to the MMSC, the MMSG firstly split the message to be forwarded into a message comprising 30 destination addresses. That is to say, a message including 10,000 addresses which is submitted by a Mobile Phone Newspaper server may become at least 300 messages with the same message body after being transmitted to the MMSC. After receiving a message, the MMSC will decode and save this message and then notify the corresponding mobile phone users, no matter whether the message body is the same. Although the MMSC will timely notify the users upon receipt of a mobile phone newspaper message, the time for the users to get the mobile phone newspaper message from the MMSC is not regular. There is likelihood that the users may get the message upon receiving a notification message or do not get the message after a long time passes. The MMSC is incapable of saving a great deal of message bodies in its memory due to its finite memory space. Therefore, in a general message processing, Network Attached Storage (NAS) is adopted to store message bodies, that is to say, the MMSC saves each submitted message into the NAS. For general services, such solution is feasible. However, for the services such as a mobile phone newspaper which is characterized by the same MMS content and great traffic, it is needed for the NAS to call IO frequently, thus affecting the processing efficiency of the MMSC and reducing its processing capacity.

Multimedia messaging service center and method for caching mobile phone newspaper thereof


A telescopic loudspeaker includes an extendable telescopic body (1) responsible for housing a loudspeaker (2) for generating sound from a input audio signal and for creating a inner resonance chamber (2) of volume V0 when the telescopic body (1) is retracted and of volume V1 when the telescopic body (1) is extended, V1>V0 being met. The telescopic body (1) includes a support base (15); of hollow bodies (11,12,13) with decreasing transversal sections and coupleable to one another, the section decreasing progressively from the body (11) closest to the base (15) up to the body (13) furthest from the base (15); and a gasket (8) between each pair of consecutive bodies (11,12,13) of the telescopic body (1) for sealing the air chamber inside the enclosure of the telescopic loudspeaker.

Loudspeakers especially those of the portable type allowing the user to carry them with him/her and to connect them to other devices such as MP3 players, mobile telephones, portable computers, PCs or any other device capable of playing audio are widely known in the state of the art.
There are various types of loudspeakers on the market having different specifications depending on the shape thereof and the housing used. There are numerous published studies describing the effect of different housing materials and shapes and of how it affects the sound quality of the loudspeaker. However, for portable use for example, only one type of small loudspeakers with closed casing which only offer one sound range and a reduced acoustic power due to the fact that the shape cannot be changed, is traditionally used.
The present invention describes a loudspeaker which allows increasing the acoustic spectrum and increasing the sound quality of the loudspeaker by means of the dynamic change of the shape of the casing of the loudspeaker which allows increasing the inner volume and thus achieving more low-pitch (sounds at low frequencies) and more intense sounds increasing the resonance box of the volume of the loudspeaker, maintaining in turn the stiffness of the acoustic body (improving high and medium frequencies) and increasing the resonance cavity within the loudspeaker in a clear and linear manner without internal interferences, therefore increasing the acoustic power and achieving improved sound. All this is achieved by means of the telescopic system incorporating the loudspeaker of the present invention known as Microbeat.
The present invention solves all the previous drawbacks by providing a loudspeaker which can be portable and which can be retracted forming a body of reduced dimensions whereas during its use it can be extended, having a larger resonance chamber undeformable against use or outside actions whereby the acoustic power is increased and the sound quality is improved.


An improved method of forging a piston and a forging die therefor. The forging die is formed from a pair of pieces which form an area where the forged material is extruded into. These pieces merge at a parting line that passes through the center of the outer edge of the forged material so as to afford some relative movement between the die pieces to avoid cracking and also to permit air to escape. Some small flash or parting line may be present in the finished material which is not objectionable and permits the attainment of the higher strength and better wear resistant piston.

This invention relates to a method of manufacturing and a die therefor by which components such as pistons may be forged.
In the interest of reducing weight and improving performance, internal combustion engines normally utilize pistons formed from aluminum or aluminum alloy. Conventionally, these pistons are formed by a casting process. However, when utilizing casting, the full advantages of the aluminum material are not realized. Also, because of the casting process it is generally necessary to make the piston somewhat larger and heavier in order to provide adequate strength, wear resistance and durability.
The full advantages of the aluminum material can be utilized better if the pistons are made by a forging process. However, in connection with the forging of pistons, certain problems may arise.
That is, it is desirable to provide the piston with a dense and relatively uniform structure. However, due to the shape of the piston, this is difficult with conventional forging die, particularly if the forging is done in a single step. That is, the lower portion of the piston, specifically, the lower edges of the skirt and the ribs that connect the skirt to the piston pin bosses require rather extensive extrusion of the material in the forging die.
The area where these parts of the piston are extruded into generally is narrow and there is a problem that cracking of the die in this area may result. In addition, because of the amount of extrusion necessary to form these components of the piston, there is also some possibility of porosity being encountered at the lower extremities of these components.
These problems may be best understood by reference to FIGS. 1-3, which show a forged piston of a configuration of the type with which the invention has particular utility and FIGS. 4 and 5 which are cross-sectional views taken through a conventional forging die arrangement showing the blank in place in FIG. 4 and the finished forging step in FIG. 5.
As seen in FIGS. 1-3, a conventional forged piston is indicated generally by the reference numeral 21. This forged piston 21 is formed from aluminum alloy and specific materials which may be advantageously used may be described later in the specification. The piston is comprised of a head portion, indicated generally by the reference numeral 22 and which is comprised primarily of an upper surface 23 which cooperates with a recess formed in the cylinder head and the cylinder bore to form the combustion chambers of the engine.
Below this head surface 23, the head portion 22 is formed with one or more ring grooves 24 in which piston rings are provided for effecting sealing with the associated cylinder bore, These are normally formed by machining the forged blank at the completion of the forging process.
Depending from the head portion 22 on opposite sides thereof are a pair of generally spaced apart skirt portions 25. These skirt portions 25 are disposed on opposite sides of boss portions 26 in which piston pin receiving openings 27 are formed. Again, the pin receiving openings are machined at the completion of the forging operation. The boss portions 26 are interconnected to the skirt portions 25 by ribs 28.
Thus, it will be seen that the lower portions of the skirt portions 25 and the ribs 28 must undergo significant extrusion in the forging process in order to form the piston. This may be understood by reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 which show the forging apparatus by which the piston 21 is formed.
As seen in these figures, there is a female die indicated generally by the reference numeral 29 and which is comprised primarily of two parts consisting of a lower end closure 31 and a cylindrical body member 32. The end closure 31 has projecting portions that extend upwardly into a cylindrical cavity 33 formed by the cylindrical portion 32. This cavity is comprised of a pair of side parts 34 which have a deep extent and in which the skirt portions 25 are formed. In addition, there are a pair of circumferentially spaced recessed parts 35 that form the rib portions 28. These also require substantial extrusion of the material.
A forging male die 36 completes the die assembly and cooperates with the cavities 33, 34, and 35 to form the piston 21.
As may be seen, a blank 37 of the piston material is inserted into the cavity 33 at the upper portion thereof. The pressing die 36 then moves downwardly so as to force the blank into the cavity and downwardly into the portions 34 and 35 so as to form the finished blank, indicated by the reference numeral 38.
As may be seen, the deep extrusion of the skirt portion 25 and to some extent the rib portions 28 causes two significant problems. First, the clearance in the die is very small in these areas and hence there is a large expansion force that tends to cause cracking the die. In addition, air pockets may form in the lower part of these areas and cause porosity or irregularities in the lower shapes of the skirts 25 and ribs 28.
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide an improved forging die and method of forging a piston that will avoid these problems.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a forging die that permits the formation of the skirt and rib portions of the piston without the likelihood of cracking of the die and without causing porosity to exist in these portions of the finished piston.

Method for manufacturing piston by forging and forging die


An electric connection box includes a circuit protection component, a housing, and a metal heat conductive member. The circuit protection component is provided with a metal circuit protection member. The circuit protection member includes a power supply side connector that is electrically connected to power supply side electric wires connected to a power supply side, load side connectors that are electrically connected to load side electric wires connected to a load side, and fuse elements interposed between the power supply side connector and the load side connectors. The housing is formed of an insulating material, and includes a protection component holding unit that holds the circuit protection component. The heat conductive member includes a contacting portion that contacts the power supply side connector in a state where the protection component holding unit holds the circuit protection component, and a heat conducting portion connected to the contacting portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric connection box and a wire harness.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there have been known an electric connection box disposed between a power supply and a plurality of loads installed in a vehicle, and a wire harness including the electric connection box. As an example of the electric connection box, there has been known an electric connection box including a circuit protection component such as a fusible link. The circuit protection component is provided with a metal circuit protection member including a fuse element, and is connected to an electric wire on a power supply side and an electric wire on a load side while this fuse element is interposed therebetween. When a current equal to or larger than a predetermined value flows, this circuit protection component fuses a fuse element by self-heating, and interrupts power supply to the load side. Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2012-216337 discloses this kind of circuit protection component (fusible link).
In a circuit protection component, a part connected to an electric wire on a power supply side receives heat of the electric wire, and the heat is conducted to a fuse element side. Thus, in a circuit protection component, a temperature of a fuse element may rise to a temperature at which the fuse element can be fused before a current equal to or larger than a predetermined value flows, and the fuse element may be fused.

Electric connection box and wire harness


The invention relates to thermally stable, weather-resistant polyamide moulding compositions containing as stabiliser, a mixture of a copper halide, one or more halogen compounds and hypophosphorous acid or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of this acid, wherein the individual components of the stabiliser mixture are added in an amount such that the molar amount of halogen contained in the moulding composition is greater than or equal to six times the molar amount of and less than or equal to fifteen times the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition and the molar amount of phosphorus is greater than or equal to the molar amount of and less than or equal to ten times the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition.

The invention relates to thermally stable, weather-resistant polyamide moulding compositions. Stabilisation is achieved by the simultaneous presence of copper, one or more halogens and phosphorus in the moulding compositions.
Many systems are known for stabilising polyamide moulding compositions against thermo-oxidative or photo-oxidative degradation. A summary may be found in xe2x80x9cKunststoffhandbuch vol 4: Polyamidexe2x80x9d (editors: R. Vieweg and A. Muller, Cad Hanser Verlag, Munich 1966) on pages 238 to 241. Known stabiliser systems include phenolic antioxidants, antioxidants based on aromatic amines and copper compounds. In particular, mixtures of copper halides and alkali metal halides have proved to be effective stabilisers against thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative ageing. Mixtures of copper halides and alkali metal halides have superior stabilising properties to the other stabilising systems mentioned.
In addition to the systems mentioned, further mixtures of materials for stabilising polyamides against thermo-oxidative or photo-oxidative degradation have been described. U.S. Pat. No. 2,705,227 describes a ternary stabiliser system consisting of copper compound, a halogen compound and a phosphoric acid or an alkali metal phosphate.
British patent application 1 140 047 describes a ternary stabiliser system consisting of a copper salt, phosphorous or hypophosphorous acid or a compound of these acids and an alkali metal halide. The claimed ternary system is subject to the restriction that the maximum amount of phosphorus compound used is half the molar amount of the copper salt used. If the phosphorus compound is hypophosphorous acid, then according to British patent application 1 140 047, the maximum concentration of this is one quarter the molar concentration of the copper salt used. The phosphorus compound is added, in the molar shortfall cited with respect to the amount of copper added, in order to obtain polyamide moulding compositions with a pale colour.
German published patent application 2 107 406 describes a ternary stabiliser system consisting of copper stearate, potassium iodide and manganese hypophosphite. Moulding compositions stabilised with this mixture are described as colourless.
Known stabiliser systems delay the thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative ageing of polyamide moulding compositions. New applications increase the demands on the stability of polyamide moulding compositions towards thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative degradation. This applies, for instance, to the application of polyamide moulding compositions in the engine compartment of automobiles. In this and also in other areas, polyamide moulding compositions are subjected to intense thermal stress for long periods of time. Stabilisation which extends beyond that achievable with known stabiliser systems is therefore required.
It has now been found that polyamide moulding compositions with a stabiliser system of a mixture of a copper halide, a halogen compound and hypophos-phorous acid or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of this acid in a specific molar ratio to each other are highly stable towards thermo-oxidative and photo-oxidative ageing.
The invention provides thermoplastic polyamide moulding compositions containing, as stabiliser, a mixture of a copper halide, one or more halogen compounds, preferably sodium or potassium iodide and hypophosphprouso acid or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of this acid, wherein the individual components in the stabiliser mixture are added in amounts such that the molar amount of halogen contained in the moulding composition is greater than or equal to six times the molar amount of and less than or equal to fifteen times, preferably twelve times, the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition and the molar amount of phosphorus is greater than or equal to the molar amount of and less than or equal to ten times, preferably five times, the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition.
The invention also provides use of a mixture of a copper halide, one or more halogen compounds and hypophosphorous acid or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of this acid as stabiliser for polyamide compositions, characterised in that the molar amount of halogen contained in the moulding composition is greater than or equal to six times the molar amount of and less than or equal to fifteen times, preferably twelve times, the molar amount of copper contained and the molar amount of phosphorus contained in the moulding composition is greater than or equal to the molar amount of and less than or equal to ten times, preferably five times, the molar amount of copper contained.
The concentration of copper in the moulding composition is generally 0.001 to 1 wt. % (corresponding to 0.0157 to 15.7 mmol of copper), with respect to the weight of the total composition, i.e. the total composition is understood to be the polyamide including stabiliser and optionally added additives.
0.003 to 0.3 wt. % of copper (corresponding to 0.0472 to 4.72 mmol of copper) is preferably used.
Particularly preferably, 0.01 to 0.5 wt. % of copper(I) iodide, sodium or potassium iodide are added, wherein the total molar amount of iodine contained in the moulding composition corresponds to at least six times and at most twelve times the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition, and sodium hypophosphite or sodium hypophosphite monohydrate is added in an amount such that the molar amount of phosphorus contained in the moulding composition is at least equal to the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition and at most equal to five times the molar amount of copper contained in the moulding composition.
Polyamides used in the thermoplastic polyamide moulding compositions are in general aliphatic polyamides or polyamides in which the major proportion of the compound is aliphatic. Polyamide 6 or polyamide 66 or copolyamides of polyamide 6 with diamines (preferably C4-C16, in particular C4-C8-alkylene-diamines) and dicarboxylic acids (preferably C4-C12, in particular C4-C8-alkylene-dicarboxylic acids) or polyamide 66 with a maximum amount of comonomer of 20 wt. % are preferably used.
Polyamide moulding compositions according to the invention may contain additives. The additives may be, for example: fibrous or particulate fillers or reinforcing agents such as, for example, glass fibres, glass beads or mineral fillers; processing aids such as, for example, lubricants, nucleating agents; flame retardants; impact resistance modifiers such as, for example, polyolefins or other rubbers; substances which provide colour or other conventional additives. The additives are added in conventional amounts. Fillers, and reinforcing agents and impact resistance modifiers are generally added in an amount of up to 60, preferably 5 to 40 wt. %.
Addition of the substances which are used to stabilise the moulding compositions can take place in a variety of ways. The stabilisers may be added to the monomers, for example, before or during polymerisation. The stabilisers may be added to the polymers, for instance, before, at the same time as or after addition of other additives. The stabilisers may be incorporated into the polymer melts, for example, by means of an extruder or in another way. The stabilisers may also be applied, however, to the surface of the solid polymer present as granules or in any others form or to the surface of the solid moulding compositions. The stabilisers are preferably incorporated in the polymer melt using an extender.
Polyamide moulding compositions according to the invention are suitable for many applications. They may be used, for example, to produce fibres, moulded items, semi-finished products or films. The fibres, moulded items, semi-finished products or films may be prepared by spinning, injection moulding, extruding, blow moulding or by other conventional methods.

Thermally stable, weather-resistant polyamide moulding compositions


A new and distinct variety of Scaevola plant, referred to by its cultivar name, ‘Luedansca’, is disclosed. The new variety displays true blue colored flowers and medium to dark green colored foliage. Attractive moderately vigorous vegetative is formed. The growth habit is compact and mounded. The new variety is well suited for providing attractive ornamentation in the landscape.

The new variety of Scaevola crassifolia plant originated in a controlled breeding program in Perth, Western Australia during August 2015. The objective of the breeding program was the development of new ornamental Australian plant varieties. The new cultivar was created by cross-pollination wherein two parents were crossed which previously had been studied in the hope that they would contribute the desired characteristics. The female parent (i.e., the seed parent) was an unnamed breeder seedling variety (not patented). The male parent (i.e., the pollen parent) was the 'Benara' variety (not patented).
The parentage of the new variety can be summarized as follows:unnamed breeder seedling x 'Benara'
The new cultivar was discovered and selected as a single flowering plant from the progeny resulting from the above-stated cross-pollination during August 2016 in a controlled environment in Perth, Western Australia. Selective study resulted in the identification of a single plant of the new variety.
The new variety has been found to undergo asexual propagation by terminal stem cuttings. Asexual propagation by terminal stem cuttings in Perth, Western Australia since September 2016 has shown that the characteristics of the new variety are stable and are strictly transmissible by such asexual propagation from one generation to another. Accordingly, the new variety undergoes asexual propagation in a true-to-type manner.


An X-ray diagnostic apparatus includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray detector, a support mechanism which movably supports the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector, a storage unit which stores data of a three-dimensional model associated with a standard blood vessel structure, and a control unit which controls the support mechanism on the basis of the three-dimensional model so as to make an imaging central line between the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector become substantially orthogonal to a blood vessel axis of the three-dimensional model at a designated position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic apparatus which has a high degree of freedom concerning an imaging angle owing to a mechanism including a C-arm and the like, an imaging angle determination device, a program storage medium, and a method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In diagnosis using an X-ray diagnostic apparatus, and more specifically, in diagnosis of a case of stricture, imaging needs to be performed such that the axial direction of a blood vessel does not become parallel to the depth direction (projection direction) of X-rays. Note that angles of the imaging angles of X-rays which are used for medical treatment and diagnosis are also called working angles. If, for example, imaging is performed while a blood vessel runs along the depth direction, since an X-ray image is a kind of shadowgraph, a projected image of the blood vessel is shorter than the actual blood vessel. This makes it impossible to perform proper measurement. This phenomenon is called shortening. Conventionally, imaging must be repeatedly performed at different angles.
In order to solve this problem, according to the prior art, blood vessels in a patient are imaged from a plurality of directions, and a three-dimensional image of the blood vessels is reconstructed on the basis of the resultant imaging data, thereby identifying a target blood vessel on the reconstructed three-dimensional image.
In order to obtain a three-dimensional image of blood vessels, the following methods are used: a method of using only data obtained in a very small number of directions, i.e., two or three directions, and a method of performing reconstruction on the basis of data obtained by performing imaging in many directions as in an X-ray computed tomography apparatus.
In the former method, it is necessary to associate corresponding positions between frames, and it is difficult to automate this. This operation always requires a doctor or technologist with rich clinical knowledge to perform designation, and hence hinders the flow of examination in some case. The latter method does not require such manual operation. However, complicated preparation is required for special imaging operation in this method, and a long processing time is needed after imaging operation. This may also hinder the flow of examination (see Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2004-020621).

X-ray diagnostic apparatus, imaging angle determination device, program storage medium, and method


An authentication factor is received, including an authentication key, an account information of a user, and a dynamic time factor. A bound authentication information is generated by using the authentication factor and a device information of a client device that requested the secure offline payment. The bound authentication information is transmitted to a service server system perform an offline payment authorization based on the bound authentication information. In response to a successful offline payment authorization, a graphical identifier is generated for completing the secure offline payment associated with the authentication factor, where the graphical identifier includes the bound authentication information and a dynamic password generated based on the dynamic time factor.

Advances in network science and technology enabled development of safe and convenient network payment methods. Network payment methods include transmission of payment data between multiple devices. For example, purchasing transactions can be completed by transmitting payment data online in real time from a client device to a payment server terminal over a network. However, a client device that cannot connect to a network cannot communicate with the payment server terminal, which prevents completion of the purchasing transaction. Additionally, a client device that is in an offline state, even if capable of connection to a network, it cannot communicate with the payment server terminal, which also prevents completion of the payment.


A radio communication system has a base station(s), a plurality of mobile stations, and a line controller connected to the base station. The line controller has a first memory for keeping track of each communication channel for each base station as to whether the communication channel is occupied or idle. The base station has a second memory for storing an idle communication channel stored in the first memory as a reserved channel. The base station is responsive to a connection request issued from an arbitrary calling mobile station and including designation of a called mobile station to designate a reserved channel stored in the second memory of an associated base station as a communication channel for the calling and called mobile stations to establish a connection with the mobile stations.

The present invention relates to a radio communication system which includes a line controller, base stations, and mobile stations, and more particularly, to a radio communication system which has an improved architecture for assignment of a communication channel to a mobile station.
A standard has been established for a multi-channel access (MCA) radio system for airports which play an important role of ensuring the security of aircrafts existing in airports and the comfort of users. For example, see a document entitled "AIRPORT DIGITAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM," ARIB STD T-87, October 2003 by Association of Radio Industries and Business (ARIB).
In a system conforming to the foregoing standard, an airport, which constitutes a basic unit, is composed of control station facilities, base station facilities, and mobile station facilities, wherein communications are made between a domestic terminal and a mobile station or between mobile stations (through a base station or directly) using a 400 MHz band. The system employs a quadruple TDM/TDMA scheme which separates a single radio carrier on a frame-by-frame basis and groups the frames into four slots for providing multiple channels. The system also employs a n/4 shifted QPSK modulation scheme. Specifically, a base station is assigned a single or a plurality of radio carriers (pair waves) from a 400 MHz band which is an available frequency band. Each of a downlink radio carrier f1 and an uplink radio carrier f2 is divided into frames which are sub-divided into slots which are then allocated to a control channel and a communication channel.
For special requirements of operational communications within an airport such as consistent security for aircraft, this system is also required to permit ensured emergency communications and preferential connections for crucial or important communications.
For example, in a communication system which employs a multi-channel access (MCA) scheme as described above, a plurality of communication channels are commonly used by a multiplicity of users.
In such a multi-channel access based communication system, a base station, in response to a connection request from a mobile station, designates a communication channel assigned from a line controller for the mobile station, thereby permitting the mobile station to make communications through the designated communication channel.
In this event, upon receipt of the connection request from the mobile station, the base station requests the line controller to assign a communication channel, thereby acquiring information on the communication channel to be designated for the mobile station, from the line controller.
JP-A-11-262044 discloses a communication channel assignment method which enables a quick response to an assignment request for one or a plurality of channels from a mobile station in a multi-carrier TDMA base station which selectively combines a plurality of carrier frequencies with a plurality of time slots formed in time division at each carrier frequency to establish a plurality of radio communication channels. This prior art system does not have a line controller, but the base station contains a management table which is registered with one or a plurality of idle channels selected from a plurality of communication channels as candidate channels. Upon receipt of a channel assignment request from a mobile station, the base station references the management table to select a communication channel which satisfies particular communication quality conditions from the candidate channels for assignment to the requesting mobile station. The level of a received radiowave on each channel is relied on to determine whether or not the channel is idle. Then, a candidate channel, determined to be an idle channel based on the level of a radiowave received thereon, is used to communicate with at least one mobile station, thereby checking whether or not this is an effective candidate channel.


The present disclosure provides a fixing device and a method of manufacturing a display panel, the fixing device including a carrier plate provided with a fixing member, wherein the fixing member includes at least two opening regions, an area of the opening region is adjustable, the opening region is configured for accommodating the display panel.

Currently, display panels are diversified, wherein the resolution and color of mini LED devices are closer to organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. Mini LED devices are superior to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and having lower power consumption, being lighter and thinner. However, after cutting, the mini LED device are sliced, and an edge of the slice is sharp, and the slicing process risks fragmentation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform edging after cutting to increase the strength and reduce the risk of fragmentation.
In order to protect the surface of the substrate, the substrate is coated with a protective layer, and after the edging, the protective layer is removed by a stripper. However, in the stripping process, the slice needs to be fixed. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the currently fixing device includes a substrate 10 and a dam 12 attached to the substrate 10, the dam 12 is attached to the substrate 10 by a colloid 11. Then the slice 12 is placed in an area 101 defined by the bar 12. However, the slices of different sizes need to be separately fixed, that is, the slices of different sizes cannot be accommodated, which reduces efficiency and flexibility of production.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fixing device and a method of manufacturing a display panel to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

Fixing device and method of manufacturing display panel

TCL CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD