A packet transmission device includes a buffer stores packet data in any of queues, a queue manager outputs queue-status signals indicating whether or not transmittable packet data exists in the corresponding one of the queues, a bandwidth controller outputs token-status signals indicating whether or not an amount of the tokens accumulated at a certain period for the corresponding queue is larger than a token threshold provided for the corresponding queue, a queue selector preferentially selects any queue whose duration time of a transmittable state in which the corresponding queue status signal indicates that transmittable packet data exists in the corresponding queue and the corresponding token-status signal indicates that the amount of the accumulated tokens is larger than the token threshold provided for the corresponding queue is greater than a duration-time threshold provided for the corresponding queue, and a buffer reader controls reading of the packet data from the selected queue.

In a network in which packets are transmitted, bursty occurrence of a large amount of traffic at a terminal, streams of traffic merging at a relay node, and factors such as a communication speed of a relay line may produce traffic having a large transmission bandwidth or large burstiness (i.e., a large amount of data being burst-transferred). For traffic having an excessively large transmission bandwidth or the burstiness, the amount of packet data transferred in a certain period of time exceeds the processing capability of a transmission device that relays the packet data or a terminal that receives the packet data, thus causing a problem in that that some of the packets to be transmitted are discarded.
In order to inhibit occurrence of traffic having such an excessively large transmission bandwidth or burstiness, packet transmission devices (such as shapers) having bandwidth control functions have been available. For the bandwidth control, token control using tokens, which are pieces of information for determining whether or not outputting of packets is to be permitted, is widely used. In the token control, the tokens are used to perform control for limiting the transmission bandwidth or the size of burstiness of traffic to be transferred.
Even for streams of traffic to be output to the same physical line, there are cases in which the streams of traffic are classified into groups according to logical units, such as destination devices, user groups, or the like to perform bandwidth controls for the traffic groups. In such a case, the traffic groups are assigned corresponding queues, on which the bandwidth controls are performed respectively. A scheme using a method called Round Robin (RR) has been widely used to ultimately selecting, from multiple queues in which outputting of packets is permitted, a queue from which the packets are to be output.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one example of the internal configuration of a packet transmission device having a bandwidth control function.
A packet buffer 106 has therein a data storage region, which is logically divided into multiple queues. In accordance with the traffic group to which a packet belongs, the packet buffer 106 stores the packet data in any of the multiple queues.
A queue manager 104 manages the queues in the packet buffer 106, determines whether or not packet data are stored in the queues, and outputs multiple queue-status signals on the basis of the results of the determinations.
A buffer read controller 102 includes a packet-data reader 108, a bandwidth controller 110, and a queue selector 112. Under the control of a token controller 114, the bandwidth controller 110 uses token counters 120 (120-1 to 120-n, n represents the number of queues) to add and accumulate, for each queue, tokens at a certain period in accordance with an added-token value stored in a token table 116. A maximum-value table 118 stores the maximum values (i.e., maximum token values) of the amounts of tokens that can be accumulated for the respective queues. The token controller 114 determines, for each queue, whether or not the amount of accumulated tokens (i.e., an accumulated-token value) is larger than or equal to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 0 (zero)). On the basis of the results of the determinations, the token controller 114 outputs token-status signals.
The queue selector 112 receives the queue-status signals from the queue manager 104 and also receives the token-status signals from the bandwidth controller 110. A status monitor 122 in the queue selector 112 determines, for each queue, whether or not it contains packets and is in a state in which the amount of accumulated tokens is larger than or equal to a predetermined threshold (i.e., is in a transmittable state), on the basis of the corresponding queue status signal and the corresponding token-status signal. On the basis of the result of the determination of the status monitor 122, a queue selection controller 124 selects, from the multiple queues, the queue in the transmittable state as a transmission source and generates identification information of the selected queue (selected-queue identification information).
The queue manager 104 receives the selected-queue identification information from the queue selection controller 124. On the basis of the received packet identification and packet information contained therein, the queue management section 104 generates read-address information of the selected queue.
The packet-data reader 108 receives the selected-queue read-address information from the queue manager 104. On the basis of the received selected-queue read-address information, the packet-data reader 108 reads the packet data from the selected queue in the packet buffer 106 and outputs the read packet data.
In addition to the method based on the token control, other bandwidth control methods are also available. For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2009-182546 discloses a method in which an available bandwidth is calculated based on a maximum bandwidth, a minimum bandwidth, and a weighting for each queue and a transmission schedule time is further managed to determine from which queue packets allocated therein are to be transmitted with high priority. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2005-123919 discloses a method in which a WFQ (weighted fair queuing) means for performing WFQ-type read control on non-priority-class traffic for each logical port and WRR (weighted round robin) means for performing WRR-type read control on traffic output from each WFQ means are provided. An SP (strict priority) type read control is performed on priority-class class output traffic from a priority queue and non-priority-class output traffic read under the WRR read control.
When the bandwidth controls are individually performed on the queues using the same physical line, there are cases in which, because of an insufficient amount of tokens accumulated for one queue, the packet transmission is not performed at timing at which packets can be transmitted. Consequently, the packet transmission is caused to wait until next transmission timing.
For example, at timing at which packets in one queue can be transmitted, when packet data of another queue is transmitted and this other queue occupies an entire transmission bandwidth of the physical line, no packet transmission from the queue is can be performed even when that queue is in the transmittable state. In particular, when the number of queues assigned to one physical line increases and a large number of bandwidth controls are individually performed on one physical line, the entire transmission bandwidth is used by the multiple queues to thereby increase the possibility of occurrence of an insufficient transmission bandwidth, which may cause any of the queues to wait for packet transmission multiple times.
In such a case, with respect to the queue caused to wait for the packet transmission, the amount of tokens accumulated increases, so that the amount of data burst-transferred during the packet transmission also increases. This causes a problem in that the amount of packet transmission fluctuation during the burst transfer (i.e., fluctuation in the amount of data burst-transferred during the packet transmission) increases.

Packet transmission device, memory control circuit, and packet transmission method


Midodrine hydrochloride, .+-.1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-glycineamido-ethanol-(1)-HCl, is prepared from a novel intermediate, 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-azidoethanone.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of midodrine hydrochloride, .+-.1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-glycineamido-ethanol-(1)-HCl, from a novel intermediate, 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-azidoethanone.
The compound midodrine is part of the class of compounds known as phenylalkanolamine derivatives which have been found to be effective in treating hypertensive conditions due to their long lasting blood pressure increasing effect.

Synthesis of midodrine HCI from a novel intermediate 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-azidoethanone


An external optical resonator for a semiconductor laser is composed of an optical directional coupler which can be formed as an integrated optical coupler with a short structural length that enables a free spectral range in the order of 100 GHz and enables the resonator and the system fiber to be coupled to the same end face of the laser. The resonator structure includes two optical waveguides with feedback means applied on the end faces of one of the waveguides and the other waveguide having one end face coupled to receive the output of the laser and the other end face of the other waveguide being coupled to the system fiber. The arrangement is particularly useful for tunable semiconductor lasers, particularly for heterodyne reception.

The present invention is directed to an external optical resonator for a semiconductor laser which is composed of an optical directional coupler comprising two optical waveguides wherein the optical power beamed out of the semiconductor laser through an end face of one of the two waveguides can be coupled into the directional coupler and can be taken from the other end face of this one waveguide and whereby the optical feedback means is arranged at every end face of the other optical waveguide of the two waveguides, said optical feedback means at least partially coupling optical power supplied from the other waveguide back to the other waveguide.
Single-mode, narrow-band laser transmitters are required for the realization of coherently optical transmission systems. Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers have a multi-mode structure. In combination with external resonators, narrow-band, single-mode laser transmitters can be realized from such a semiconductor laser and are suitable for optical communication systems having heterodyne or homodyne reception (see the article from Brit. Telecom. Techn. Journal, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1985).
European Application A2-0 216 212 discloses an external optical resonator that is composed of an optical directional coupler comprising two optical waveguides wherein the light powered beam-out by the semiconductor laser can be coupled into the directional coupler through an end face of one of the two waveguides. A feedback means is provided at the other end face of this one waveguide, and this feedback means feeds a slight part of the optical power supplied in the one waveguide back into the one waveguide but couples the majority part of this optical power out of this one waveguide.
The out-coupled optical power supplied through a fiber to an end face of another waveguide of the directional coupler and is coupled into this other waveguide. An optical power coupled out from the other end face of the other waveguide is supplied either to a radiation absorber or is coupled into a system fiber as an output power of the semiconductor laser. In this last embodiment, the system fiber and the resonator are coupled to the same end face of the laser. In comparison to the embodiment wherein the resonator and the system fiber are coupled to different end faces of the laser, this has the advantage that the mechanical outlay is reduced.
The optical directional couplers can be composed of an optical fiber directional coupler or of an integrated directional coupler. A second feedback means that feeds a slight part of the optical power supplied in the fiber back into the fiber can be arranged at the other port of the other waveguide of the directional coupler.
An external optical resonator in the form of a fiber-optical directional coupler comprising two optical waveguides wherein it is possible to couple the resonator and the system fiber to the same end face of the semiconductor laser is proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,234, which claims priority from German Application 36 33 077 and whose disclosure is herein by reference thereto. This frequency-selective fiber directional coupler is composed of a dispersive double-core fiber, wherein the two cores form the two optical waveguides of the directional coupler. One end face of one core is coupled to the semiconductor laser and the end face of the other core is arranged at the same side as this one end face is free of any connection. A feedback means is arranged at the other end faces of both cores and this feedback means feeds a slight part of the optical power supplied in the one core back into this one core and couples the other part out of the core. The feedback means has no further function with respect to the other core. The optical power coupled out from the one core is coupled into a system fiber.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,831,631, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by referenc thereto and which claims priority from German Application 36 33 076, proposes external resonators for semiconductor lasers that are constructed with integrated-optical directional couplers and wherein the system fiber and the resonator are coupled to the same end face of the semiconductor laser. The two optical waveguides of the directional coupler are strip waveguides integrated on a substrate. The optical power emitted by the semiconductor laser is coupled into one strip waveguide and a feedback means is provided at the other end face of this waveguide. This feedback means couples the optical power supplied from this one waveguide into this waveguide. A feedback means is provided at the end face of the other strip waveguide that is arranged at the same side as the other end face of the one waveguide, and this feedback means feeds the optical power supplied in the other waveguide back into this other waveguide. The system fiber is coupled to the other end face of the other waveguide. In order to achieve a single-mode operation, it is important that the two feedback means are arranged at different optical spacings from a coupling path of the directional coupler. The coupling path of the directional coupler is defined by the distance in which its two waveguides are conducted at such a slight distance from one another, side-by-side, that a coupling of power between the two waveguides will occur.

External optical resonator for a semiconductor laser


Disclosed herein is a quantum dot ink composition for inkjet printing. The quantum dot ink composition comprises a highly viscous polymeric additive. Quantum dots can be ejected by inkjet printing and the concentration of the quantum dots in the quantum dot ink composition can be freely controlled. In addition, the loading amount of the quantum dots can be reduced. Based on these advantages, the quantum dot ink composition can be used as a material for light-emitting layers of a variety of electronic devices. Also disclosed herein is an electronic device fabricated using the quantum dot ink composition.

1. Field of the Invention
This disclosure is directed to a quantum dot ink composition for inkjet printing and an electronic device fabricated using the same. More specifically, the quantum dot ink composition uses a highly viscous polymeric additive by which quantum dots can be ejected by inkjet printing and the concentration of the quantum dots can be freely controlled.
2. Description of the Related Art
Quantum dots are nanometer-sized semiconductor materials that exhibit quantum confinement effects. Quantum dots absorb light from an excitation source to reach an excited state of energy and radiate energy corresponding to the energy band gap. Therefore, the size control of quantum dots greatly affects the electrical and optical properties of the quantum dots. Based on these characteristics, quantum dots are currently applied to a variety of devices, including light-receiving devices and light-emitting devices.
The formation of thin films using dispersions of quantum dots in organic solvents is mainly achieved by coating techniques such as spin coating. However, coating techniques are not suitable for the formation of thin films over a large area and have limitations in practical use. Inkjet printing enables the formation of thin films on a large scale at low cost and is thus very attractive from the viewpoint of industrial application.
In recent years, a number of electroluminescent devices have been developed using quantum dots as materials for light-emitting layers. A typical electroluminescent device utilizes the phenomenon of light emission from a material when an electric field is applied to the material. Electrons and holes are injected into a light-emitting layer of the electroluminescent device and recombine together to form excitons, which emit light.
Spin coating is predominantly used to form light-emitting layers using quantum dots. Spin coating is, however, is not suitable for the formation of large-area light-emitting layers, which poses problems in mass production. Under the circumstances, inkjet printing is, needed to facilitate the formation of light-emitting layers over a large area. An excessively low viscosity of a composition for the formation of a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device by inkjet printing leads to non-uniformity of the light-emitting layer. Therefore, there is a need for a high-viscosity composition that can be used to form a uniform light-emitting layer of a light-emitting device.

Quantum dot ink composition for inkjet printing and electronic device using the same


The print data generating apparatus capable of generating print data for VDP in a plurality of formats, classifies an object layout of the print data (steps from S107 to S109, or steps from S112 to S114), selects a predetermined format for the classification result in the steps from S107 to S109 or in the steps from S112 to S114, from the plurality of formats (S111, S116, or S117), and generates the print data in the selected format in S111, S116, or S117 (S118).

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a print data generating apparatus used for Variable Data Printing, a print data generating method, and a computer readable storage medium storing a print data generating program.
2. Description of Related Arts
Variable Data Printing (hereinafter referred to as "VDP") has been widely used in recent years as it helps efficient creation of a printed document such as a direct mail that includes partially-varying contents from record to record. For example, Japanese Unexamined Publication No. 2008-171033 discloses a VDP client apparatus capable of generating print data for VDP in a print job format like PPML (Personalized Print Markup Language), FreeForm®, VPS®, VIPP®, etc.
Each of these print job formats applicable to VPD is suitable for handling some object layouts but unsuitable for handling other object layouts while object layouts differ significantly from one print job to another. The wording of being suitable for handling an object layout herein refers to being optimized for processing print data with the relevant object layout, thereby being capable of completing the print job processing within a shorter period of time than other print job formats. In general, the number of copies to be printed by a VDP system may amount to several thousands, or even to tens of thousands, and therefore its print time will be substantially prolonged if it uses an unsuitable format for handling the object layout of the VDP print data.
The present invention is intended to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art, and one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a print data generating apparatus, a print data generating method, and a computer readable storage medium storing a print data generating program used for generating VDP data, which are capable of avoiding the prolonged processing time due to selection of an unsuitable format for handling the object layout of the VDP data for printing.

Print data generating apparatus, print data generating method, and computer readable storage medium storing print data generating program

Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.


The present disclosures relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting power abnormality of an engine-type forklift truck, and the apparatus for detecting power abnormality of an engine-type forklift truck includes: a power supply unit including a pair of batteries so as to supply power to an electric device included in an engine-type forklift truck; an engine control unit (ECU) which receives power from the power supply unit; an equalizer which is provided between the power supply unit and the ECU so as to maintain a voltage balance between the pair of batteries and adjust a voltage of power supplied to the ECU; and an abnormality detecting unit which compares a voltage input from the pair of batteries with a voltage input from any one of the pair of batteries, and detects abnormality in the voltage balance.

In general, a forklift truck is used for lifting up and unloading cargo, or transporting the cargo to a necessary location in a work place. The forklift truck is divided into an engine-type forklift truck and an electric-motor-type forklift truck according to a power source, and the engine-type forklift truck (hereinafter, abbreviated as the "forklift truck") among them drives a hydraulic pump with an engine, drives a vehicle with pressured oil discharged from the hydraulic pump, and drives an operating device.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a forklift truck 1 includes a mast 9 mounted to a vehicle frame 8 to be pivotable, a carrier 10 supported to the mast 9 in order to transport a cargo, a tilt cylinder 12 operating the mast 9 to be inclined based on a pivot point of the mast 9, a lift cylinder 11 operating the carrier 10 to be elevated, and the like.
The mast 9 is formed of an external mast 9a formed at an external side thereof and an internal mast 9b formed at an internal side thereof, and the internal mast 9b supports the carrier 10, and ascends/descends by the lift cylinder 11.
The tilt cylinder 12 and the lift cylinder 11 are operated by a tilt lever 13 and a lift lever 14, and the tilt lever 13 and the lift lever 14 are installed within a driver's cabin, so that a user may operate the tilt lever 13 and the lift lever 14 inside the driver's cabin.
In the meantime, in order to park the forklift truck 1, a parking brake 3 and a parking brake switch 21 for switching the parking brake 3 are formed on a front side of a driver's seat 2.
In general, a medium and large engine-type forklift truck identically uses battery power of about 24 direct current voltage (DCV), which is electric voltage specifications of all of the electric devices including a system power supply and an engine control unit (ECU).
However, the ECU in the present invention is operated at about 12 DCV, so that it is necessary to stably and continuously supply power of 12 DCV to the ECU.

Apparatus and method for detecting power abnormality of engine-type forklift truck


The present invention concerns methods and apparatus for implementing a model-based paradigm for use in developing systems of software solutions. In a method of the present invention, a developer defines templates for use in creating software architecture elements which comprise a software solution or a system of software solutions. The template definitions comprise specifications of template attributes. The developer specifies relationships and dependencies among the templates using a computer programmed to receive the template definitions.

The development of systems of software solutions can be particularly complex and difficult to manage. Software developers are tasked with authoring multiple solutions which often depend on common resources or use similar software functionality. However, the common resources or similar software functionality is often not developed in a coordinated manner. Accordingly, when a software developer tasked with authoring a new software solution seeks to draw upon already-authored common resources or common software functionality, the software developer may be confronted with resources that are specified in an unfamiliar manner; structured in an unfamiliar way; or which are poorly documented. This makes it difficult for a software developer to adapt pre-existing resources and code to a software authoring task, often resulting in needless aggravation, duplication of effort and inefficiency.
These problems also negatively impact the integration of multiple software solutions. Often, software solutions which are to be integrated draw upon common resources or software functionality. However, common resources or software functionality may be tailored for use with a particular one of the software solutions, and may not integrate well (or at all) with other of the software solutions to be integrated. This situation, like the previous situation associated with authoring a new software solution, often results in needless aggravation, duplication of effort and inefficiency. The needless aggravation and inefficiency is caused by the need to modify resources and common software functionality so that it can be used in a software solution for which it was not designed.
Similar problems are encountered when a change needs to be spawned throughout a system of software solutions. Due to poor documentation or software authoring practices, dependencies among software components may be poorly understood. Accordingly, when a change is made to a particular software component, it may be difficult to discover what other software components need to be modified in order to accommodate the change in the particular software component.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art desire a model-based software development paradigm and tools that impose regularity on software authoring tasks, particularly software authoring tasks involving systems of software solutions. In particular, those skilled in the art desire a model-based software development paradigm that creates software components using a pre-defined framework, wherein the pre-defined framework is comprised of well-defined artifacts that in some way record and preserve dependencies among the artifacts comprising the framework. In addition, those skilled in the art desire a software development paradigm that eliminates needless duplication of effort by drawing upon pre-existing artifacts for use in authoring new software solutions. Further, those skilled in the art desire a model-based software development paradigm and tools that greatly simplify change management and implementation.

Methods and apparatus for implementing model-based software solution development and integrated change management


The present invention comprises a system and method for speech recognition utilizing a multi-language dictionary, and may include a recognizer that is configured to compare input speech data to a series of dictionary entries from the multi-language dictionary to detect a recognized phrase or command. The multi-language dictionary may be implemented with a mixed-language technique that utilizes dictionary entries which incorporate multiple different languages such as Cantonese and English. The speech recognizer may thus advantageously achieve more accurate speech recognition accuracy in an efficient and compact manner.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to electronic speech recognition systems, and relates more particularly to a system and method for performing speech recognition by utilizing a multi-language dictionary.
2. Description of the Background Art
Implementing a robust and efficient method for system users to interface with electronic devices is a significant consideration of system designers and manufacturers. Voice-controlled operation of electronic devices is a desirable interface for many system users. For example, voice-controlled operation allows a user to perform other tasks simultaneously. For instance, a person may operate a vehicle and operate an electronic organizer by voice control at the same time. Hands-free operation of electronic systems may also be desirable for users who have physical limitations or other special requirements.
Hands-free operation of electronic devices may be implemented by various speech-activated electronic systems. Speech-activated electronic systems thus advantageously allow users to interface with electronic devices in situations where it would be inconvenient or potentially hazardous to utilize a traditional input device. Electronic entertainment systems may also utilize speech recognition techniques to allow users to interact with a system by speaking to it.
However, effectively implementing such systems may create substantial challenges for system designers. For example, enhanced demands for increased system functionality and performance may require more system processing power and require additional hardware resources. An increase in processing or hardware requirements may also result in a corresponding detrimental economic impact due to increased production costs and operational inefficiencies.
Furthermore, enhanced system capability to perform various advanced operations may provide additional benefits to a system user, but may also place increased demands on the control and management of various system components. For example, an enhanced electronic system that effectively recognizes words and phrases in both the Cantonese language and the English language may benefit from an efficient implementation because of the large amount and complexity of the digital data involved. Therefore, for all the foregoing reasons, implementing a robust and efficient method for a system user to interface with electronic devices remains a significant consideration of system designers and manufacturers.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

System and method for performing speech recognition by utilizing a multi-language dictionary


The present disclosure relates to an outdoor unit for an air conditioner. The present invention relates to an outdoor unit of a gas heat pump system. An outdoor unit of a gas heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a storage tank which is disposed at a suction side of a compressor and stores a refrigerant to be supplied to the compressor; and a heat exchanger for performing heat exchange of a refrigerant flowing through a refrigerant pipe or cooling water flowing through a cooling water pipe, wherein the heat exchanger is supported by the storage tank. Therefore, the outdoor unit does not require a separate frame structure for installing the heat exchanger.

A heat pump system may be a system having a refrigeration cycle in which cooling or heating operations are performed and be interlocked with a hot water supply device and a cooling/heating device. That is, hot water may be produced, or air-conditioning for the cooling and heating operations may be performed using a heat source obtained by heat-exchange between a refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle and a predetermined heat storage medium.
For the refrigerant cycle, a condenser that compresses the refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant compressed in the compressor, an expansion device that depressurizes the refrigerant condensed in the condenser, and an evaporator that evaporates the depressurized refrigerant are provided.
The heat pump system includes a gas heat pump (GHP) system. A high-capacity compressor, which is not intended for domestic use but for industries or for air-conditioning large buildings is required. That is, the gas heat pump system may be used as a system using a gas engine, instead of an electric motor so as to drive the compressor for compressing a large amount of refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gas.
The gas heat pump system includes an engine that generates power by using a mixture (hereinafter, referred to as a mixed fuel) of a fuel and air, an air supply device that supplies the mixed fuel to the engine, a fuel supply device, and a mixer that mixes the air with the fuel.
The engine may include a cylinder, to which the mixed fuel is supplied, and a piston, which is movably provided in the cylinder. The air supply device may include an air filter that purifies the air. Also, the fuel supply device may include a zero governor for supping the fuel having a constant pressure.
The gas heat pump system may include cooling water, which cools the engine while being circulated in the engine. The cooling water may absorb waste heat of the engine, and the absorbed waste heat may be supplied to the refrigerant circulated in the gas heat pump system to assist performance enhancement of the system. In particular, when a heating operation is performed due to a low temperature of the external air, evaporation performance in the refrigeration cycle may be improved.
The gas heat pump system further includes a supercooling heat exchanger for supercooling the condensed refrigerant. In the supercooling heat exchanger, the condensed main refrigerant and the branched refrigerant that is branched from the condensed refrigerant and is depressurized are heat-exchanged with each other.
A plurality of components of the gas heat pump system may be disposed inside an outdoor unit. In order to efficiently utilize a limited internal space of the outdoor unit, it is necessary to locate the plurality of components at appropriate positions.
In particular, since a refrigerant pipe or a cooling water pipe has to be connected in the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger, a surrounding space has to be sufficiently secured. Also, since each of the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger has a relatively heavy weight, it is necessary to be stably supported.
In the outdoor unit of the gas heat pump system according to the related art, there is a problem that a separate frame for supporting the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger has to be provided. Particularly, in order to stably support the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger, there is a problem that a plurality of frames are required to increase in material cost.
Also, the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger are generally mounted on a main frame provided at an edge of the outdoor unit. According to this arrangement, there is a problem that a distance between each of the auxiliary heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger and other components of the refrigerant cycle or other components of the cooling water cycle such as the engine increases so that the refrigerant pipe or the cooling water pipe increases in length.
A prior art document with respect to the gas heat pump system according to the related art is as follows.
1. Registration Number (Filing data): 10-1341533 (Dec. 9, 2013)
2. Title of The Invention: Gas Heat pump System And Method For Controlling The Same


When data generated by devices (30) arrive in an order of time instants of generation of the data, the data are additionally described (written) to an actual data recording unit (12b) in an order of arrival of the data, and, meanwhile, a time instant, at which the data additionally written to the actual data recording unit (12b) is generated, a data size, and a position of postscript in an actual data file are additionally written, as index information, to an index file (12a) having a file name corresponding to the actual data file in which the data is recorded.

In recent years, in a system which is constituted by connecting various devices, such as sensors capable of acquiring various data, to a network, attention has been paid to the IoT (Internet of Things) which utilizes data generated by the devices.
In the system using the IoT, since data are continuously or periodically acquired from various devices, a database that can quickly write and read a great amount of data, which is successively generated with the passing of time, is needed.
In addition, in the fields using the IoT, in many cases, various data are acquired by using a large number of various devices. Thus, it is required that the devices to be used be inexpensive. Therefore, in many cases, it is difficult to utilize expensive devices including large-capacity memories.
On the other hand, conventionally, as a database in which data successively generated with the passing of time are written, use is made of postscript data such as PostgreSQL (see, for example, Non Patent Literature 1).
In some of postscript databases, in some case, a process of, for example, creating an index is performed when data is written to a disk. The index in this context refers to search data which is created so as to quickly search or extract data written in a file.
In general, if the number of indices, or the number of kinds of indices, which are generated for data, the write of which is requested by an application, increases, the generation of indices or the write of index data becomes an overhead of the entire write process in accordance with the number of indices or the kinds of indices.
In addition, since the size of data is not limited to a fixed length, if postscript is performed without executing a special process at a time of data write, an operation amount O(n) of linear search of data becomes necessary at a time of data read, and there arises a problem that the read speed lowers in accordance with an increase of data (see, for example, Non Patent Document 2).
A process of, for example, index generation at a time of data write increases the read speed of data, but it is desirable to decrease as much as possible a processing load at a time of data write in a database for the IoT in order to secure a write speed.

Information accumulation apparatus, data processing system, and program

NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION


A process for selectively producing ethyl mercaptan from a reactant mixture such as, for example, refinery fuel gas mixture is provided which comprises contacting, in the presence of a catalyst such as, for example, oxides of cobalt and molybdenum supported on aluminum, the reactant mixture with hydrogen sulfide wherein the reactant mixture contains ethylene and at least one other olefin such as, for example, propylene. The reactant mixture can also contain other components such as, for example, hydrogen, ethane, methane, propylene, or propane, or mixtures thereof.

It is known that mercaptans can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and an olefin in the presence of a catalyst. For example, ethyl mercaptan can be prepared by reaction of pure ethylene and hydrogen sulfide without creating a problem for separation because the desired mercaptan is the only mercaptan product. However, where the reaction mixture comprises more than one olefin such as ethylene and propylene, it is likely to produce both ethyl mercaptan and propyl mercaptans resulting in separation difficulty because these mercaptans cannot be easily separated by a conventional, economics separation means such as, for example, distillation, extraction, filtration, and membrane diffusion. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a process for selectively producing ethyl mercaptan from a feed stream comprising, among others, ethylene and propylene.


An improved hydraulic press has a hydraulic die that is pulled to move along a work path relative to the hydraulic press by a moving coil of material. After movement the hydraulic die engages the hydraulic press and the two begin to move together. With this arrangement, the moving material only need initially overcome the inertia of the hydraulic die. The moving hydraulic die has momentum when it engages the hydraulic press, and that momentum assists in overcoming the inertia of the relatively heavy hydraulic press. A relatively thin sheet material can thus be utilized to move both the die and hydraulic press.

In the prior art, hydraulic presses are used in roll-forming machines for forming apertures, or cutting workpieces. A hydraulic press includes a hydraulic drive which forces a first surface downwardly towards a die. Punches or dies are forced downwardly into the workpiece by the first surface. When such presses are used with a moving workpiece, a sliding surface on the die is engaged by the first surface. The sliding surface moves with a moving coil of material as it is forced downwardly, and slides relative to the first surface of the hydraulic drive as it moves. Since the hydraulic drive is applying a very large force to that sliding surface, the sliding surface contact creates an undue amount of friction and noise. Further, since movement of the workpiece alone pulls a sliding workpiece, it is sometimes difficult to achieve sufficient force to pull the sliding surface against the large downward force.
In the parent application of the present applications, an invention is disclosed wherein the hydraulic press moves with the die. In this way, the frictional contact between the downwardly moving surface and the die is eliminated. Instead, the die and the downward moving surface move together. This invention is an improvement over the prior art. However, since the moving coil of material must pull the press portions, it is sometimes difficult for a lower weight material to overcome the inertia of the relatively heavy press and die.
Thus, it is an object of this invention to disclose a hydraulic press and die which may be utilized with lighter materials.

Separately moving hydraulic press and die


An adaptive power supply system for an unmanned vehicle and an operation method thereof are provided. The adaptive power supply system includes an adaptive power supply, a battery, a sensing circuit, and a power dispatch controller. The output terminal of the adaptive power supply powers the load circuit of the unmanned vehicle. The battery is coupled to the output terminal of the adaptive power supply. The sensing circuit senses the output of the output terminal of the adaptive power supply and the output of the battery. The power dispatch controller controls the output of the output terminal of the adaptive power supply according to the sensing result of the sensing circuit. The power dispatch controller determines whether one or both of the adaptive power supply and the battery power the load circuit by adjusting the output of the adaptive power supply.

The power source of a typical drone is a battery. The flight time of the drone depends on the capacity of the battery. However, the capacity of the battery is limited, and when the drone requires a longer flight time, the battery may have difficulty providing sufficient power. To extend the flight time of the drone, a tethered drone is another option. A ground device may provide power to the tethered drone through a power cable, and therefore the flight time of the tethered drone may be significantly extended.

Adaptive power supply system and operation method thereof

Industrial Technology Research Institute


A solid-state imaging device includes a light blocking layer formed in an active pixel region of a pixel region on a light incident side so as to surround a photoelectric conversion unit of each pixel and formed in an extending manner to an optical black region, a concave portion formed so as to be surrounded by the light blocking layer in a region corresponding to the photoelectric conversion unit, a first refractive index layer formed on surfaces of the light blocking layer and the concave portion and having a relatively low refractive index, a second refractive index layer formed on the first refractive index layer so as to be buried in the concave portion and having a relatively high refractive index, and an anti-flare layer formed on the first refractive index layer in the optical black region.

The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device and a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic apparatus such as a camera having the solid-state imaging device.
There is a CCD solid-state imaging device or a CMOS solid-state imaging device as a solid-state imaging device (image sensor). The solid-state imaging device is used for digital still cameras, digital video cameras, and various portable terminal apparatuses such as mobile phones with cameras.
In recent years, a rear surface irradiation type CMOS solid-state imaging device has been used as a solid-state imaging device for improving sensitivity. FIG. 28 shows an example of main parts of the rear surface irradiation type CMOS solid-state imaging device. The rear surface irradiation type CMOS solid-state imaging device 1 is provided with a thinned semiconductor substrate 2 where photodiodes PD which are a photoelectric conversion unit are formed from the front surface to the rear surface and a plurality of pixel transistors forming pixels are formed on the front surface side. In the figure, each of the plurality of pixel transistors is represented by a transmission transistor Tr1 having a transmission gate electrode 3. A multi-layer wire layer 6 where a plurality of wires 5 are disposed is formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 2 via an interlayer insulating layer 4, and a supporting substrate 8 is joined to the multi-layer wire layer 6 via an adhesive layer 7. A planarization film 10 is formed on the rear surface of the semiconductor substrate 2 via an insulating layer 9 formed of a plurality of layers, and on-chip color filters (hereinafter, referred to as color filters) 11 and on-chip micro lenses (hereinafter, referred to as micro lenses) 12 are formed on the planarization film 10.
On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-8261 discloses a solid-state imaging device where a passivation film and a transparent dielectric film having a refractive index higher than the passivation film formed thereon are formed in a light incident opening surrounded by light blocking layers at the upper side of photodiodes. The passivation film is made of a NSG film, a PSG film, or the like, and the transparent dielectric film is made of an acrylate resin. In this solid-state imaging device, light incident to the passivation film can be collected at the photodiodes.
In order to improve light collecting efficiency at a photodiode, solid-state imaging devices with a waveguide structure built therein are disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-45805 and Japanese Patent No. 4165077.

Solid-state imaging device, manufacturing method thereof, and electronic apparatus


The present invention provides for an improved printer provides a user with a simple, intuitive user-friendly touchscreen interface, is easy to assemble, and has a low cost to repair. The printer comprises a platen roller that can be changed without tools via the use of a bayonet connector, and an easy change print head that mechanically guides the print head into the carrier via mechanical guiding pins. Further, the printer comprises a universal supply holder to accommodate different sizes of inner diameter cores for tag and laminated supplies. The printer also discloses a ribbon spindle that accommodates both a cardboard core and a plastic core on the same printer device. Additionally, the printer discloses a media low sensor for providing a low supply indicator, and a gap sensor that comprises an LED array and a resistor array for gap sensing across the supply web.

The present invention relates generally to an improved printer and its components. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an improved printer that comprises a plurality of components that provide a user with a simple, intuitive user-friendly touchscreen interface, is easy to assemble, and has a low cost to repair.
A barcode printer is a computer peripheral for printing barcode labels or tags that can be attached to, or printed directly on, physical objects. Barcode printers are commonly used to label cartons before shipment, or to label retail items with UPCs or EANs. The most common barcode printers employ one of two different printing technologies. Direct thermal printers use a print head to generate heat that causes a chemical reaction in specially designed paper that turns the paper black. Thermal transfer printers also use heat, but instead of the paper reacting, the heat melts a waxy or resinous substance on a ribbon that runs over the label or tag material. The heat transfers ink (the melted material) from the ribbon to the paper.
Barcode printers are designed for specific market segments. Industrial barcode printers are used in large warehouses, manufacturing facilities, and food facilities. They have large paper capacities, operate faster and have a longer service life. However, installation and configuration of industrial barcode printers can be difficult and non-customizable. For retail and office environments, desktop barcode printers are most common. These desktop barcode printers can also be difficult to install and configure to which a touch screen user interface could make the user configuration simpler.
Furthermore, thermal barcode printers have parts that comprise the print mechanism of the device, including gears, print head, platen roller, clips, bearings, etc. Some of these components, such as the platen roller, come in direct contact with the paper and are subject to wear and tear over the life of the component. Further, accessing and changing these parts can be difficult requiring downtime of the equipment. For example, changing a print head requires insertion of a 25 pin ribbon cable which can be difficult and cumbersome to users. Thus, there exists a need for a method of changing a platen roller quickly and with no special tools, as well as a need for a method of mechanically guiding the print head into the carrier to make the electrical connection eliminating the need for the user to fumble with a cable.
Additionally, barcode printers accommodate different sizes of supplies, and are able to accept only one type of core. Thus, there exists a need for a universal supply holder to accommodate different sizes of inner diameter cores for tag and laminated supplies, as well as a method of allowing a user to easily change from cardboard to plastic cores for the ink supply on the same printer. Print quality when using thermal transfer supplies depends on the ribbon drive control of the ribbon spool in both the forward and reverse directions.
Further, barcode printers comprise multiple sensors for aligning and printing labels, as well as other various printer supply operations, including informing a user when the printer is out of stock. Thus, there exists a need for a sensor that minimizes the user setup needed for printing on a continuous roll of labels, and a sensor for providing a low supply indicator to give adequate time to prepare for the out of stock condition to minimize downtime for the printer.

AVERY DENNISON RETAIL INFORMATION SERVICES, LLC


A tape carrier semiconductor device has a resin sealed area not so larger than the size of the semiconductor chip, e.g. substantially not exceeding 2 mm to the outside. A device hole is not larger than an area formed by extending the outer periphery of the semiconductor chip to the outside by 0.3 mm and an epoxy resin of 500-1200 ps in viscosity is used for sealing the chip.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tape carrier semiconductor device, and, more particularly, to a tape carrier semiconductor device of a smaller external size capable of higher density mounting of semiconductor devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, sealing resins for tape carrier semi-conductor devices have been selected with priority being given to thinning the thickness of the resin applied to the semi-conductor devices. With respect to the viscosity of the resin, liquid resins having a viscosity ranging from 100 to 150 cps are widely used with the device hole size usually equal to the chip size plus 0.6-1.0 mm, and the size of the resulting resin sealed area being about the chip size plus 4-5 mm.
A technique capable of controlling the size of the resin sealed area to a range of the chip size plus 1-2 mm has not yet been available.
The size of a resin sealed area is mostly left to a natural phenomena e.s. after pouring a sealing resin, the natural extension of the sealing resin is allowed until the natural extension stops.
Viscosity of liquid resins used heretofore is so low that the area covered by the sealing resin extends too widely and its size is difficult to control.
Even if the resin viscosity is raised, the sealed area cannot be controlled to a desired size of area, and/or LSI chips cannot be fully covered so that there is a reliable problem.
For the purpose of controlling the size of a resin sealed area, there is a method of printing a paste sealing resin on the tape. Though this method can control the resin sealed area at the side of the chip on which the paste sealing resin is printed, it is difficult to control the extending area of the sealing resin flowing to opposite side of the chip through a gap between the LSI chip and the device hole.

Method of making tape carrier semiconductor device


A radiation image-pickup device includes: a plurality of pixels configured to generate signal charge based on radiation; a first substrate including a transistor configured to read out the signal charge; a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate; a conversion layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, the conversion layer being provided for each of the pixels, and being configured to convert the radiation to other wavelength or an electric signal; a partition provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, to partition the conversion layer for each of the pixels; and a radiation shielding layer provided to face the partition.

The present disclosure relates to a radiation image-pickup device obtaining an image based on radiation that has entered, and a radiation image-pickup display system including such a radiation image-pickup device.
In recent years, radiation image-pickup devices that obtain an image based on radiation such as X-rays as an electric signal have been developed (for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-228757). Such radiation image-pickup devices are broadly divided into, so-called, an indirect conversion type and a direct conversion type. In a radiation image-pickup device of the indirect conversion type, for example, an X-ray conversion substrate and a sensor substrate may be adhered to each other. The X-ray conversion substrate includes a conversion layer converting X-rays to visible light, and the sensor substrate includes a photoelectric conversion element generating an electric signal based on visible light.

Radiation image-pickup device and radiation image-pickup display system


A multiway video broadcast system may include a processor and a memory. The processor may facilitate steps of receiving a plurality of video streams from a plurality of user devices and broadcasting a first video stream of the plurality of video streams at a first quality level and the remaining video streams of the plurality of video streams at a second quality level, where the first quality level is higher than the second quality level. The steps may further include determining that a second video stream of the plurality of video streams should be broadcast at the first quality level, and in response to the determining, and irrespective of control signaling transmitted to the plurality of user devices, broadcasting the second video stream of the plurality of video streams at the first quality level and the remaining video streams of the plurality of video streams at the second quality level.

Multiple individual users engaging in a multiway video conference may be able to view and hear one another irrespective of the users' physical locations. In this manner, multiway video conferences may allow disparately located users to participate in activities generally associated with collocated users, such as panel discussions, multi-person interviews, or classes. Participants in multiway video conferences may be accustomed to fluctuations in the video quality of a video conference. Therefore, the participants may not be bothered if the video quality of the multiway video conference fluctuates.
In some instances, a multiway video conference may be of interest to third party viewers who are not participants in the multiway video conference. For example, third party viewers may be interested in viewing, in real-time, a discussion panel held via a multiway video conference. In these instances, the multiway video conference may be broadcast to third party viewers such that the third party viewers may view and hear each of the participants in the multiway video conference. However, because the third party viewers are viewers of a broadcast, rather than participants in a video conference, the third party viewers may be sensitive to any fluctuations in the video quality of the broadcast of the multiway video conference.


Systems devices and methods for flash charging a portable device with a charging device. The portable device may be a ruggedized hand-held controller. In some examples, the portable device includes a capacitive power supply which comprises one or more capacitors, e.g. supercapacitors. In use, the capacitive power supply may receive charge, store the charge, and provide power to power-using components of the portable device, when needed. In some examples, the system includes a charging device, such as a docking station. The charging device may couple to the portable device to charge the portable device. The charging device may include a capacitive power supply, which may comprise one or more capacitors, such as supercapacitors. In some cases, the system flash charges the capacitive power supply within the portable device, via the capacitive power supply of the charging device.

Typical portable devices, e.g. hand-held devices, operate using power from batteries, such as batteries that are disposable or rechargeable. However, batteries are limited in the amount of energy that they supply to a device, and often provide a less than desirable time of operation for a device. In addition, batteries can be heavy and require hazardous material recycling procedures for their disposal.
Unlike disposable batteries, which can be used once, rechargeable batteries can be utilized many times. However, they too can be problematic. For example, typical rechargeable batteries require long periods of time (e.g., hours or more) to recharge, especially with respect to their use time. Additionally, they have a limited and sometimes low number of recharge cycles, and recharging degrades their charging capabilities. That is, a typical rechargeable battery stores less voltage for a shorter period of time after each recharging of the battery.
Safety guidelines regulate the use of some portable devices, e.g. hand-held devices, such as ruggedized hand-held controllers used in military and other similar operations. For example, because of the drawbacks described herein, battery operated controllers may be tethered to a battery pack. During an operation, a user may exchange partially depleted batteries with freshly charged batteries to ensure the controller is fully powered during the operation. Thus, the battery pack contains at least two sets of batteries, one of which is always recharging.
These and other drawbacks exist with respect to battery-operated devices.

Rechargeable hand-held devices using capacitors, such as supercapacitors


A steering gear and system for a vehicle having steerable roadwheels located on more than one axle includes a control module, a rotary motor responsive to signals from the control module for providing power for steering the roadwheels, and a nonreversible gearset powered by the motor for converting rotary motion of the motor into linear motion for steering the roadwheels, with the motor being capable of driving the gearset but with the gearset being incapable of driving the motor in response to force inputs from the roadwheels into the gearset.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a steering gear and steering system for operating the roadwheels of a vehicle, particularly the rear wheels of a vehicle normally employing front wheel steering.
2. Disclosure Information
Multiple axle steering systems typically in use in automotive vehicles employ a main steering gear for providing gross steering inputs at either the front or rear of the vehicle. A secondary steering gear for providing minor steering inputs to the roadwheels of the opposing axle is the subject of the present invention. It has been determined that undesirable handling characteristics will result if the auxiliary steering system is capable of being backdriven. As used herein, the term "backdriven" means that the steered roadwheel may be rotated about its kingpin axis in response to side forces caused by steering maneuvers, road roughness, braking, acceleration, or other types of inputs into the roadwheels. As used herein, the term "nonreversible" means a steering gear and system which cannot be backdriven. This backdrive phenomenon is objectionable insofar as it detracts from the ability to control the steering angle of the affected roadwheel. In shaft-type four-wheel steer systems such as that exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 4,582,334, in which a rotatable shaft couples the front and rear steering gears of the vehicle, the backdrive phenomenon may cause the steering wheel to oscillate in the driver's hands. In other known four wheel steering systems, springs are used for centering the rear steering gear so as to resist reversibility. This will increase the amount of power required for operating the steering gear. In other types of electronically controlled systems such as that illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,069, the backdrive phenomenon may cause the motor powering the system to rotate in response to the backdrive force when no rotation was called for by the system control module. A further problem noted with the system of the '069 patent resides in the fact that the rear steering gear is resiliently coupled to the roadwheel. This resilient coupling will allow compliance steering of the roadwheel which will undermine the ability of the steering system to control the steered attitude of the wheel.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a steering gear and steering system suitable for use as an auxiliary steering system--e.g. at the rear of a normally front-steered vehicle, which will provide precise control of the steered roadwheels.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a rear wheel steering system which cannot be backdriven.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to the reader of this specification.

Steering gear for the roadwheels of a vehicle


A software development tool for developing software that implements a customer's business processes. The software development tool determines a plurality of models to define the software to be developed, wherein at least one model of the plurality of models is a business model that comprises at least one business process, and the at least one business process is a set of interrelated business process paths that accomplish a business goal. The software development tool defines at least one business process path, wherein the at least one business process path is a route through the at least one business process taken during a single execution of the at least one business process, and the at least one business process path comprises at least one step. The software development tool maps the defined at least one business process path to a second model different than the business model, wherein the mapping identifies at least one part of the second model that implements the at least one step of the business process path. The software development tool builds the at least one business process path based on results of the mapping. The software development tool delivers the at least one business process path that has been built.

A software development methodology is an approach used to organize, design, and coordinate the process of developing an information system. One example of a software development methodology is the "Waterfall" development model. In the Waterfall model, developers use a sequential development approach in which development is seen as progressing through the phases of needs analysis, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance.
Another example of a software development methodology is the "Agile" development model. In the Agile development model, developers iteratively and incrementally develop an information system. The changeable needs and solutions of each project are often determined through cooperation between individuals who have different functional expertise and who work toward a common goal. Agile development encourages the developers to respond to changes within the project, and also supports evolutionary development and delivery. The iterative approach that is performed in accordance with the Agile development model is generally performed within a fixed period of time.

Software development methodology system for implementing business processes


The resonant frequency of an optical micro-resonator may be controlled by “locking” an operating frequency/wavelength of the resonator using CMOS compatible electronic components.

Silicon photonic micro-resonators have demonstrated great promise as compact optical modulators and filters for high-speed and low power wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) interconnects on integrated circuits (IC), for example. However, as sensitive resonant devices, the operating wavelength of the micro-resonator exhibits unpredictable fluctuations due to environmental perturbations, including temperature variations, optical noise and unavoidable manufacturing imperfections. Even single nanometer scale variations can lead to a frequency shift larger than the optical bandwidth of the resonator. Because the resonator is by its nature a narrow band, resonant device, precise wavelength control is necessary to "lock" the resonator onto a desired optical communications wavelength (by convention, the locked wavelength is referred to as a "resonant frequency"). As such, an active control system is typically required for wavelength stabilization to an optical data carrier, and to enable such functionality as switching and routing. To be viable for IC mass production, a desirable control system faces many technical challenges. For example, a satisfactory control system should be readily integrated, low power, compact, tolerant of optical power fluctuations and avoid reliance upon calibration or arbitrarily selected, locking references. Furthermore, compatibility with both filters and modulators is usually desirable. Yet further, a control system should be capable of operating in the presence of multiple data carriers in a WDM network, and be able to maintain a operating wavelength (i.e., resonant frequency) when the optical data channel is in an idle state. To date, the inventor is unaware of a solution to such technical challenges.

Systems and methods for controlling an operating wavelength


Embodiments of the present invention relate to a solution for supplying power to a processor. In some embodiments, there is provided a method for supplying power to a processor. The method comprises, in response to determining that an output voltage of a main power supply supplying power to a processor is lower than a predefined threshold, enabling an additional power supply to supply power to the processor. The method further comprises determining output power of the additional power supply. In addition, the method further comprises, in response to determining that the output power of the additional power supply exceeds peak power limit of the additional power supply, sending, by the additional power supply, a signal to the processor to lower a clock frequency of the processor.

Inside many computer platforms, there is usually an additional battery module besides a main power supply (also referred to as power supply unit (PSU) in the present disclosure) that supplies power to a processor (e.g. Central Processing Unit (CPU)). The battery module is used to take over the power delivery responsibility when the main power supply loses its power. Hence, the capacity of the battery module is typically designed to support running the whole system. If the system power consumption exceeds the peak power limit of the battery module, either the battery module or the whole system would be forced to shut down and might cause permanent damages or potential risk.
However, inventors have realized that in current system architecture, since the existing battery module does not have the active throttling functionality and also due to its peak power limit, a higher performance processor cannot be populated on a given platform. This is because the power consumption of the higher performance processor is highly likely to exceed the peak power limit of the existing battery module. In this case, if the higher performance processor is populated on an existing platform, when the main power supply losses its power, the battery module might be unable to support the normal running of the system, thereby causing users' data unusable and data loss (DUDL).

Method and apparatus for power supply to processor


An object of the present invention is to provide a flue gas purifying device that can suppress leakage of ammonia and can efficiently decrease nitrogen oxides in flue gas. The object is achieved by a flue gas purifying device including: an exhaust pipe; a urea-water injecting unit that injects urea water into the exhaust pipe; a catalytic unit that includes a urea SCR catalyst that promotes a reaction between ammonia and nitrogen oxides and a support mechanism that supports the urea SCR catalyst in the exhaust pipe, and is arranged on a downstream side to a position where urea water is injected; a concentration measuring unit arranged on a downstream side to the catalytic unit in a flow direction of flue gas to measure an ammonia concentration in flue gas having passed through the urea SCR catalyst; and a control unit that controls injection of urea water by the urea-water injecting unit based on an ammonia concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit.

Gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, or a gas turbine, that is flue gas, contains nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM). Particularly, because the diesel engine burns fuel in an oxygen excessive state, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) are contained in a large amount in the fuel. Therefore, a device that decreases particulate matters and a device that decreases nitrogen oxides are provided in an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine. As an example of the device that decreases nitrogen oxides, there is a device that decreases nitrogen oxides from flue gas by injecting urea into an exhaust pipe that guides flue gas, produces ammonia from urea in the exhaust pipe, causes the produced ammonia to react with nitrogen oxides in flue gas, and then removes oxygen from nitrogen oxides to produce nitrogen again.
For example, Patent Literature 1 describes a flue gas purifying device in which a DPF device and a selective catalytic reduction catalytic device are sequentially arranged from an upstream side in an exhaust path of an internal combustion engine. Patent Literature 1 also describes a device that calculates NOx emissions, at the time of a normal operation, based on an NOx emissions map for the normal operation, or at the time of forced regeneration of the DPF device, calculates NOx emissions based on an NOx emissions map for forced regeneration, to calculate a feed rate of ammonia aqueous solution corresponding to the calculated NOx emissions, and feeds ammonia aqueous solution into flue gas on an upstream side of the selective catalytic reduction catalytic device so as to reach the calculated feed rate.
Further, Patent Literature 2 describes NOx removal equipment for flue gas discharged from a combustion plant such as a waste incinerator, although it is not for treatment of flue gas from an internal combustion engine. Patent Literature 2 describes a denitration control method in which a NOx concentration in gas before treatment, an ammonia concentration in treated flue gas, a NOx concentration in flue gas, and a flow rate of flue gas are measured, to calculate a flow rate of NOx before treatment, a NOx concentration after treatment, a record of NOx removal efficiency by NOx removal equipment, and an ammonia concentration in treated flue gas based on a measurement result thereof, deviations between the calculated values and target values thereof are respectively calculated to thereby calculate correction values based on the calculated deviations, and a corrected flow rate of NOx is calculated based on at least one of the calculated correction values, thereby controlling a flow rate of ammonia to be injected into flue gas before treatment based on the calculated corrected flow rate of NOx.


A system for monitoring a drilling rig operation includes a drilling rig assembly and at least one sensor coupled to a member of the drilling rig assembly to sense a parameter related to operation of the drilling rig assembly. A client device coupled to the at least one sensor includes a data acquisition device for receiving data from the at least one sensor. The client device also includes a first radio, which is coupled to the data acquisition device. A base station located a distance from the client device comprises a second radio that communicates wirelessly with the first radio in order to transfer data between the data acquisition device and the base station.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to transmission of data between a drilling rig assembly and a control and acquisition system during a drilling rig operation. More particularly, the invention relates to transmission of data from sensors located on a rotatable or non-rotatable member of a drilling rig assembly to a control and acquisition system during a drilling rig operation.
2. Description of Related Art
Real-time measurement of various parameters related to a drilling rig operation is important to successful execution of the drilling rig operation. A drilling rig assembly may incorporate one or more sensors on one or more members, e.g. a pipe running tool or top drive shaft, for sensing the desired parameters. Data transmission from the sensors typically involves use of electric slip rings or inductive pickup devices, which are not well-suited to the drilling rig environment because they require precise alignment and close tolerances for successful operation.

Wireless transmission system and system for monitoring a drilling rig operation


A metal halide fill for forming an ionizable fill comprises at least one inert gas, mercury and metal halides, the fill comprising the constituents Hg halide, Na halide, Tl halide and halides of the rare earths. This fill may be contained in particular in the discharge vessel of a metal halide lamp which has an outer bulb.

To achieve warm-white luminous colors, metal halide discharge lamps generally contain tin iodide. However, this also requires accurate dosing with metallic tin. As a fill in the discharge vessel, the lamp often includes, in addition to mercury and a noble gas, metal iodides and metal bromides of sodium, tin, thallium, indium and lithium. Tin-containing fills of this type often have a luminous flux which is too low and lead to electrode corrosion and electrode burn-back. Tin-containing fills of this type therefore require special electrodes which are able to withstand this particularly aggressive fill, cf. for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,266. When producing lamps of this type, this entails longer changeover times when changing lamp type and therefore involves high storage costs.
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,694,002 has disclosed a lamp which contains a metal halide fill comprising the metals Na, Sc, Li, Dy and Tl, with a warm-white luminous color. The color temperature is 3000 K.
Scandium-containing fills of this type have a very poor maintenance, which means that the luminous flux drops considerably during the operating time. Moreover, the color rendering of scandium-based lamps is relatively poor.
US-A 2004253897 has disclosed a metal halide lamp with a two-ended outer bulb which surrounds only part of the discharge vessel.

Osram Gesellschaft mit Beschraenkter Haftung


A method/system for estimating cell rate is provided. The cell rate to be reported to an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) source may be estimated using a previously calculated cell rate parameter weighted in a manner dependent upon whether a rate for the connection is high or low. An averaging parameter may be adjusted for each calculation so that for low rate connections newly measured data is more heavily weighted, and for high rate connections newly measured data is less heavily weighted. Relatively accurate and quick estimates for both high bandwidth and low bandwidth connections are achievable.

This invention relates to a system and/or method for estimating a cell rate in an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network. More particularly, this invention relates to a system and/or method for estimating cell rate by exponentially averaging the number of cell intervals between two cells received on a connection in an ATM network.
The increasing interest for high band services such as multimedia applications, video on demand, video telephone, cellular phone services, and teleconferencing has motivated development of the Broadband Integrated Service Digital Network (B-ISDN). B-ISDN is based on ATM, and offers considerable extension of telecommunications capabilities.
ATM is a packet-oriented transfer mode which uses asynchronous time division multiplexing techniques. ATM packets are called xe2x80x9ccellsxe2x80x9d and have a fixed size. An ATM cell typically consists of fifty-three (53) octets, five (5) of which form a header and forty-eight (48) of which constitute a payload or information part of the cell. The header includes two quantities which are used to identify a connection in an ATM network over which the cell is to travel, particularly the VPI (virtual path identifier) and VCI (virtual channel identifier).
At its termination or end points, an ATM network is connected to terminal equipment such as ATM network users (i.e. end systems). Between ATM end systems are a plurality of switching nodes having ports which are connected together by physical transmission paths or links. Thus, an ATM network is a collection of end systems interconnected through one or more ATM switches. On a connection, an end system both sends data to other end system(s) on the network involved in the connection, and receives data from other end systems on the network involved in the connection. When an end system is a data sender, it is called a xe2x80x9csourcexe2x80x9d and when a receiver it is called a xe2x80x9cdestination.xe2x80x9d For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,963,553 and 5,946,309, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Multiple service categories of differing traffic characteristics and/or service guarantees have been defined for ATM networks. Examples include CBR (constant bit rate), rt-VBR (real-time variable bit rate), UBR (unspecified bit rate), nrt-VBR (non-real-time variable bit rate), and ABR (available bit rate).
ABR is intended primarily for non-real-time data applications with varying and/or unknown bandwidth requirements and which cannot easily be characterized in terms of a peak cell rate, a sustainable cell rate, and a maximum burst size. The source of an ABR VC (virtual circuit or connection) periodically creates and sends control cells called RM (resource management) cells which travel through the same path as data cells (e.g., traffic cells) of the VC to the destination of that VC. The destination then loops these cells back to the source through the same path. When an RM cell is traveling from the source to the destination it is called a forward RM cell; and when travelling from the destination to a source it is called a backward RM cell. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary RM cell including fields thereof.
Referring to FIG. 1, certain of these RM cell fields are read-only fields while others may be modified by intermediate ATM switches and/or the destination. For example, the CCR (current cell rate) field is a read-only field that contains the value of ACR (allowed cell rate) at the transmission time of the RM cell from the source. The DIR field represents a direction bit. When a source creates an RM cell, its sets DIR to zero (0) indicating a forward RM cell. Before the destination loops back an RM cell, it changes DIR to one (1) indicating a backward RM cell.
The ACR (contained in the CCR field) represents the rate the source is using to control its cell transmission for a VC or other network connection. The ACR value of a particular forward RM cell is inserted into that cell""s CCR field at the time of its transmission. Sources adjust ACR based upon cell rate feedback carried by returning RM cells.
ABR switch mechanisms often suffer from CCR-reliance problems as follows. ER (explicit rate) values are determined by an ABR switch for each ABR connection. These values are sent back to the source in backward RM cells. ABR switch mechanisms typically read the CCR fields of RM cells passing through them and use these CCR fields in their ER calculations.
An implicit assumption that existing systems make is that the CCR field read by a switch from an RM cell on a given VC represents the actual rate of the VC at the moment of reading the field. This is often not true for at least the following reasons. First, CCR represents the maximum rate that the VC can use (i.e. ACR) at the time the RM cell was transmitted by the source. However, an ABR VC need not use all of its ACR. Thus, ACR may be larger than the actual rate of the VC. Second, when an RM cell is received by an intermediate switch and its CCR field read by the switch, the CCR field is old at that point and may not reflect the current value of ACR back at the source, not to mention the current actual cell rate. Third, a bad (or smart) source may insert a wrong ACR value into its CCR field in hope of acquiring more rate by doing so. This can cause the network to suffer in terms of buffer overflows; and fairness issues may arise.
To avoid the aforesaid CCR-reliance problems, per ABR VC rate measurements may be performed. One way of measuring (or estimating) ATM cell rate is to define a measuring time period xe2x80x9cTxe2x80x9d (e.g. 5 ms), and count the number of received ATM cells on a connection during that period. The cell rate is then n/T, where xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is the count. This method may be rather accurate when the value of xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is large (i.e. for high cell rate connections), because a minor deviation in the count number xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d does not substantially change the calculated rate. For example, if xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d changes from 75 to 73 when T is 5 ms, this only changes the measured cell rate from 15000 cells/s to 14600 cells/s, which is not a substantial change.
On the other hand, for low rate connections, the value xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is small and even a single deviation in count value xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d can substantially affect the calculated cell rate. For example, assume the cell rate is just below one cell per period. In some intervals the count xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d will be one (1) and the rate 200 cells per second, but in other intervals the count xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d will be zero (0) and the calculated rate will be zero (0). Likewise, even a shift in xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d from 1 to 2 will substantially change the measured cell rate from interval to interval. In short, this method of estimating cell rate is undesirable for low cell rate applications/connections.
Another manner in which to measure or estimate ATM cell rate is to measure the time (using a count of ATM cell intervals) between two cells received on the same connection (e.g. VC). The estimated cell rate in this case is 1/(n*t), where xe2x80x9ctxe2x80x9d is the length of a cell interval and xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is the count value. This method has the opposite problem as that of the first measurement method previously described. This method is rather accurate for low cell rate connections (xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is large), but does not work well for high cell rate connections (xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is low). In high cell rate connections where xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is low, a change in xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d from one (1) to two (2) would have a substantial effect on the measured cell rate. For example, if a rate over five or so cells received on a connection was truly about 1/1.1*t (but xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d varied between 1 and 2), the calculation of cell rate when xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d was 2 would be xc2xd*t and would not accurately reflect the true cell rate.
The point where the two aforesaid methods have approximately the same accuracy is when xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is equal in both methods, which is when xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is equal to the square root of N (where N is the number of cell intervals in the measuring period).
One solution to the aforesaid problem(s) would be to use the first method (i.e. cell rate=n/T) for connections with high cell rates and the second method (i.e. cell rate =1/(n*t)) for low cell rate connections. The problem with this approach is that an ATM connection (e.g. VC) may have very different cell rates at different times, so both types of measurements may have to be performed on all connections at all times.
What is needed therefore, and an object of this invention, is an efficient method/system for estimating ATM cell rates in both high and low cell rate connections.
A method/system for estimating cell rate is provided. The cell rate to be reported to an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) source may be estimated using a previously calculated cell rate parameter weighted in a manner dependent upon whether the previous rate was high or low. An averaging parameter may be adjusted for each calculation so that for low rate connections newly measured data is more heavily weighted, and for high rate connections newly measured data is less heavily weighted. Relatively accurate and quick estimates for both high bandwidth and low bandwidth connections are thus achievable.
For example, in one non-limiting embodiment the cell rate (CR) on an ATM connection may be estimated as CR=1/[A(new)*t], where: xe2x80x9ctxe2x80x9d is the length of a cell interval, and A(new)=A(old)*(1xe2x88x92xcex1)+(xcex1*n)=A(old)xe2x88x92xcex1*(A(old)xe2x88x92n). In the latter equation, xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is a value indicative of the number of cell intervals between two received cells on the same connection; A(old) is the previously stored and calculated cell rate parameter A; and xe2x80x9cxcex1xe2x80x9d is an averaging parameter to be adjusted between 0 and 1 as a function of cell rate on the connection. When xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is large (low cell rate) on a connection, parameter xe2x80x9cxcex1xe2x80x9d is adjusted to a high value(s) so that previously estimated or calculated cell rate parameters (e.g. A, xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d, and/or CR) are soon forgotten and the newly estimated cell rate is based primarily upon newly measured data. However, when xe2x80x9cnxe2x80x9d is small (high cell rate) and may thus vary substantially relative to its previous value, parameter xe2x80x9cxcex1xe2x80x9d is adjusted to a lower value so that newly measured data does not have a significant immediate effect on the estimated cell rate (CR) to be sent back to a source in a backward RM cell.

System and method for estimating cell rate in an ATM network


Described is a behavior recognition system for detecting the behavior of objects in a scene. The system comprises a semantic object stream module for receiving a video stream having at least two frames and detecting objects in the video stream. Also included is a group organization module for utilizing the detected objects from the video stream to detect a behavior of the detected objects. The group organization module further comprises an object group stream module for spatially organizing the detected objects to have relative spatial relationships. The group organization module also comprises a group action stream module for modeling a temporal structure of the detected objects. The temporal structure is an action of the detected objects between the two frames, whereby through detecting, organizing and modeling actions of objects, a user can detect the behavior of the objects.

(1) Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a behavior recognition system and, more particularly, to a behavior recognition system that utilizes cognitive swarms and fuzzy graphs to identify spatial and temporal relationships between objects detected in video image sequences that are signatures of specific events.
(2) Related Art
Most existing event detection algorithms are very simplistic and domain-specific. Such algorithms were described by N. Oliver and A. Pentland in a publication entitled, "Graphical Models for Driver Behavior Recognition in a Smart Car," Proc. of IV2000 (hereinafter referred to as "Oliver et al."), and by S. Hongeng, R. Nevatia, and F. Bremond in a publication entitled, "Video-based event recognition: activity representation and probabilistic recognition methods," CVIU 96(2004), 129-162 (hereinafter referred to as "Hongeng et al.").
Current systems first detect moving objects using background subtraction methods that typically suffer from shadows, occlusions, poor video quality and the need to specify view-dependent foreground object rules. Scenarios that are often detected are people walking, running, etc. and usually involve only a single object. Also, past work on event detection has mostly consisted of extraction of object trajectories followed by a supervised learning using parameterized models for actions. For example, Hongeng et al. describes a generic scheme for event modeling that also simplifies the parameter learning task. Actors are detected using probabilistic analysis of the shape, motion, and trajectory features of moving objects. Single agent-events are then modeled using Bayesian networks and probabilistic finite-state machines. Multi-agent events, corresponding to coordinated activities, are modeled by propagating constraints and likelihoods of single-agent events in a temporal logic network.
In Oliver et al., the authors presented a layered probabilistic representation for modeling human activity. The representation is then used to learn and infer user actions at multiple levels of temporal granularity.
Another publication, by A. Amir, S. Basu, G. Iyengar, C. Lin, M. Naphade, J R Smith, S. Srinivasan, and B. Tseng, entitled, "A multi-modal system for retrieval of semantic video events," CVIU 96(2004), 216-236, describes a system for automatic and interactive content-based and model-based detection and retrieval of events and other concepts. Models of semantic concepts are built by training classifiers using training video sequences. These models are then used to classify video segments into concepts such as "water skiing," "person speaking," etc.
The work by K. Sato and J. K. Aggarwal, in "Temporal Spatio-velocity transform and its application to tracking and interaction," CVIU 96(2004), 100-128, describes a novel transformation that elicits pixel velocities from binary image sequences. Basic object interactions, such as "MEET," "FOLLOW," "LEAVE," etc., are then detected using motion-state transitions and shapes of object trajectories.
An approach to detecting when the interactions between people occur as well as classifying the type of interactions, such as "following another person," etc., is presented by N. Oliver, A. Garg, and E. Horvitz, in "Layered representations for learning and inferring office activity from multiple sensory channels," CVIU 96(2004), 163-180.
In a publication by G. Medioni, I. Cohen, F. Bremond, S. Hongeng, R. Nevatia, entitled, "Event detection and analysis from video streams," IEEE PAMI 23(8), 2001, 873-889, the authors introduce an approach that takes video input from an airborne platform and produces an analysis of the behavior of moving objects in the scene. In their approach, graphs are used to model scene objects across the frames (i.e., nodes in the graph correspond to objects in contiguous frames).
While the prior art describes event detection, it does not separate the object detection task from the structural and temporal constraint detection tasks. Nor does the prior art employ swarm-based object recognition. Thus, a need exists for a behavior recognition system that uses swarm-based optimization methods to locate objects in a scene and then uses graph-matching methods to enforce structural and temporal constraints. Such a system has advantages in terms of generality, accuracy, and speed.

Behavior recognition using cognitive swarms and fuzzy graphs


An extraction device includes: at least one memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: sort each set of frames that have the same identifier associated with a node, into frames maintaining a cycle and frames out of the cycle; and extract, as an event rule, a feature of a bit change in a data field related to an event occurrence, from the frames that have the same identifier and are out of the cycle.

A plurality of electronic control units (ECUs) is mounted in a vehicle such as an automobile. A network that connects these ECUs is called an in-vehicle network, and frames containing various kinds of data for controlling the vehicle are transmitted and received between the ECUs.
Meanwhile, as the ECUs that have been transmitting and receiving frames in the closed in-vehicle network can be connected to the outside, a risk of the occurrence of a security problem has become higher. For example, in a case where an ECU capable of communicating with the outside is attacked, there is a possibility that an illegal frame will be output to the in-vehicle network, and the vehicle will be illegally controlled.
PTL 1 discloses a technique for detecting such an illegal frame. By this technique, a cycle of frames output from an ECU is registered beforehand, and a check is made to determine whether the detection target frame falls within the registered cycle, so that an illegal frame is detected.

Extraction device, extraction method, recording medium, and detection device


A host device in a data communication system provides a dual-function clock/enable signal at a single output port shared by at least one asynchronous target device and at least one synchronous target device. In the asynchronous operating mode, the host device generates an asynchronous gated-clock signal that facilitates read/write functions of one or more selected asynchronous target devices. In the synchronous operating mode, the host device generates a synchronous clock-gate signal that facilitates read/write functions of one or more selected synchronous target devices. The target devices and the host device share both a common data bus and a common clock bus. The host device supplies the dual-function clock/enable signal on the common clock bus.

Digital data communication systems, subsystems, and devices transfer serial and/or parallel streams of data from one location to another. In typical applications, each digital data stream is associated with a companion clock signal to which the stream is referenced. The clock signal controls read/write timing for the given data stream. The characteristics of the clock or timing signals can vary to suit the particular application and the specific devices utilized by the system.
For certain applications, a clock signal is dedicated to the particular data set and the clock signal is only active during periods of data transference. Although the timing of the clock signal is related to the timing of the data, the timing of the clock signal need not be related to the timing of any other clock utilized by the system. For example, the clock signal may be asynchronous with reference clocks used by other devices in the system. This type of clock characteristic is commonly referred to as a gapped-clock; the following description refers to this clock characteristic as an asynchronous gated-clock.
An alternative data clocking technique employs an enabling signal that facilitates data transfer relative to and synchronously with a continuously active reference clock signal. The system devices monitor this enabling signal relative to the reference clock signal and, when the enabling signal represents an active state, read or write the accompanying data (at times dictated by the reference clock signal). This enabling signal is commonly referred to as a clock enable (or data enable); the following description refers to this signal characteristic as a synchronous clock-gate.
Conventional applications, e.g., a configuration having a host device that exchanges data with a plurality of target devices, may include a mix of synchronous and asynchronous target devices. In such an application, the host device provides a separate asynchronous gated-clock signal at one output port and a separate synchronous clock-gate signal at another output port. Additional clock signals generated at additional output ports may also be required to support devices that operate at different frequencies or utilize a variety of data bus types, e.g., bit-serial or a plurality of n-bit parallel data buses. Consequently, the number of clock signal ports on the host device increases and the manner in which the various clock signals are routed to the target devices can become complicated as more distinct clock signals are added.

Dual function clock signal suitable for host control of synchronous and asynchronous target devices