A computer implemented color management system and method are disclosed. The system comprises a color data repository encoding data indexing links on items according to a predetermined color classification scheme and a processor configured to execute computer program code for executing a color management system, including computer program code configured to provide a user interface configured to receive a user query and provide data from the color data repository in dependence on the user query, computer program code configured to provide a plurality of content interfaces. Each content interface is configured to link a respective remote content data repository storing data on items to the item's respective entry in the color data repository and upon presentation of a new item by the respective remote content data repository to classify the new item according to the predetermined color classification scheme and index a link to the new item in the color data repository according to the classification.

Color matching is as much of an art as it is a science. The human retina contains three types of receptors which mostly respond to red, green and blue parts of the spectrum, respectively. However, it is not known how the human brain knows or learns how to classify something as "red" or one red different to another (or two red objects as being the same). While there have been many attempts to model the human visual and color processing system, the models and automated systems are typically inferior to a human "expert".
Nevertheless, it is desirable to classify colors and match them without subjectivity. A number of standards have been developed to ensure accurate color reproduction. In order to classify colors, a coordinate space is used for measured colors. For example, the CMYK system approximates colors to their closest Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow (Y) and Black (K) pigments and works on the basis that two printers or display devices using the same proportions of pigments should produce approximately the same color.
Systems such as CMYK are, to a certain degree, limited in precision by the associated inks/devices used. A more uniform system is the pantone system which is a commonly used system for matching colors in printing and inks. A number of spot colors are standardized and each given a pantone number. Most of these cannot be simulated using CMYK as they are formed from proportions of 14 base pigments. Pantone color numbers are used to prescribe colors to be used in reproducing all manner of items including logos and other typographic material and flags.
The majority of these scales were originally designed for use by manual operators with reference to printed sample books. While such books are reasonably user friendly as they can be used to match colors by users with varying degrees of skill/precision, they also have disadvantages. For example, it is recommended that pantone sample books are replaced annually to take into account that the paper stocks will yellow over time, changing the appearance of the color of the inks printed on them.
CMYK and Pantone systems are primarily concerned with digital to output conversion (communicating the color of something digitally so that it can be printed with color accuracy).
Other systems are concerned with input to digital conversion such as RGB color spaces. These approach the issues from an image capture and display device perspective, for example RGB classifies colors to closest Red, Blue and Green values based on predetermined viewing conditions. As many imaging devices measure color via RGB sensitive pixels, an RGB representation of an image is often the default generated. While many sensors do not have an R, G and B pixel at each point in its array, the interpolated values are often considered accurate enough.
The RGB color space is defined with respect to a unit cube. The cube is drawn using three axes: red, green and blue. Each point inside the cube defines a unique color. Generally, RGB colors are specified in terms of the intensity of the respective R, G and B components at each pixel.
Other factors also come into account when describing colors—for example whether a color is reproduced using the same output device, whether an illuminant is the same etc.
sRGB is a standard proposed by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft based on a calibrated calorimetric RGB color space with an assumed gamma value of 2.2 (so that the standard is in theory device independent as all devices should have the same gamma value and substantially the same color rendition).
Due to the subjective nature of categorization systems such as pantones (which require a degree of skill and judgement to determine which of various swatches in the book are closest to that being classified), measurement devices tend to produce results that can be expressed in a linear numeric scale such as CMYK, RGB etc.
As in many industries, competing standards have resulted in complexity and confusion. However, unlike in other industries where there has been convergence, in this area the various different systems seem to have consolidated and segmented the field depending on use—pantone typically being used for commercial printing, CMYK for smaller scale printers and RGB for digital communication and imaging.

Computer implemented color management system and method


A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission includes: a first shaft receiving engine torque; a second shaft parallel with the first shaft and selectively inversely receiving rotation of the first shaft; a first planetary gear set disposed on the first shaft and including a first, second and a third rotation paths; a compound planetary gear set formed by combining a second planetary gear set and a third planetary gear set, and including a fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh rotation paths; three transfer gears interposed between the rotation shafts, and configured to transfer an inverse rotation speed to the second shaft and the rotation paths of the compound planetary gear set; and five frictional elements interconnecting the rotation paths or selectively connecting the rotation paths to a transmission housing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic transmission for a vehicle. More particularly, the present invention relates to a planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle that can improve mountability by reducing a length thereof and reduce fuel consumption by improving power delivery performance.
2. Description of Related Art
Typically, a planetary gear train is realized by combining a plurality of planetary gear sets and friction members. It is well known that when a planetary gear train realizes a greater number of shift speeds, speed ratios of the planetary gear train can be more optimally designed, and therefore a vehicle can have economical fuel mileage and better performance. For that reason, the planetary gear train that is able to realize more shift speeds is under continuous investigation.
Though achieving the same number of speeds, the planetary gear train has a different operating mechanism according to a connection between rotation elements (i.e., sun gear, planet carrier, and ring gear). In addition, the planetary gear train has different features such a durability, power delivery efficiency, and size depend on the layout thereof. Therefore, designs for a combining structure of a gear train are also under continuous investigation.
In addition, the planetary gear train realizes a plurality of shift-speeds. However, another friction member must be operated after one friction member is released so as to shift to a neighboring shift-speed from a view of shift control. In addition, a step ratio between the neighboring shift-speeds should be controlled to be suitable according to the planetary gear train.
The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Planetary gear train of automatic transmission for vehicles


A gel distribution apparatus can include modules so that each module is connected to a respective sensor of a sensor array included in headgear. Each module can be configured to facilitate the distribution of a gel onto a scalp of a patient to permit deployment of the gel at locations on the head of a patient near the sensor to which the module is adjacently positioned or attached. The modules can each include at least one flange to permit a user to pull the module away from the scalp while also pressing a compressible gel reservoir of the module toward the scalp for directing the gel onto the scalp. The pulling force can help counteract internal pressure generated from compression of the reservoir to expel the gel so that the gel flows along a desired gel flow path without excessive back pressure.

A headband in which electrodes are in fixed positions can be used to position electrodes on the head of a patient. The electrodes are often intended to be placed so they will fall in all the positions described in the 10/20 montage. Other headgear in which electrodes can be included are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2019/0021664, 2016/0235322 and 2010/0036275. Electrode configurations and uses can also be appreciated from U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2020/0237248, 2017/0281036, 2016/0346534, 2016/0287127, 2016/0144186, 2016/0022981, 2015/0313498, 2015/0112153, 2014/0142410, 2014/0243643, 2013/0023748, 2012/0143020, 2012/022349, 2011/0245707, 2010/0137708, 2007/0272313, and 2007/0255127 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,474,775, 3,602,216, 3,776,228, 4,458,687, 4,742,831, 4,919,148, 5,689,215, 6,516,218, 6,640,122, 6,952,605, 7,367,956, 7,474,918, 7,616,980, 7,941,213, 8,265,736, 8,444,559, and 8,663,121.


An escalator with a step belt or a moving walkway with a plate belt has a first deflecting region and a second deflecting region, wherein the plate belt or the step belt is arranged to circulate between the first deflecting region and the second deflecting region. The escalator or the moving walkway includes at least one guide rail arranged between the deflecting regions for guidance of the step belt or the plate belt, as well as at least one support, which is arranged between the deflecting regions for supporting the at least one guide rail. The at least one support includes a plurality of plug parts that in an assembled state can be plugged together by plug connections to form a box-shaped support base body.

Escalators and moving walkways of the aforesaid kind comprise a support structure, for example a framework, at and in which the stationary components such as guide rails, bearing blocks and the balustrades, as well as the moved components such as the step belt or plate belt, the deflecting axle and parts of the drive, are arranged.
In, for example, EP 2 050 708 A2 there is disclosed a moving walkway having a support structure which includes two longitudinal profile members extending in the longitudinal direction of the moving walkway. The longitudinal profile members are connected together by means of transverse struts and form a self-supporting stable frame. Guide tracks for guidance of the step belt are formed in the longitudinal profile members. In addition, fastening regions for feet and for balustrade supports are provided at the longitudinal profile members. This frame can also be divided into several sections or frame modules which can be joined together at the ends.
The construction disclosed in EP 2 050 708 A2 has the disadvantage that these longitudinal profile members have to be constructed to be very stiff in bending and torsion, since transverse forces acting on the balustrade and oriented orthogonally to the direction of running of the moving walkway have to be supported by the vertical sections of the cross-section of the longitudinal profile member. Such transverse forces are caused by, for example, users who are leaning on the balustrade, by impacts on the balustrade and the like and, due to the usual constructional height of the balustrade, act as high bending moments or bending forces on the longitudinal profile members. The necessary stiffness in bending and torsion has the consequence that these longitudinal profile members have a high weight per running meter due to a large cross-section and a large wall thickness of the profile member and handling is thus made very difficult. In addition, such profile members are very costly in production and processing and require costly production means such as press tools, press dies, bending tools, assembly templates and clamping tools.
A moving walkway is disclosed in WO 2014 048 809 A1, the balustrades of which are supported on a load-bearing structure by means of supports and the guide rails of which are fastened to these supports. These supports, which are made from angle profile members, are sufficiently stiff for moving walkways of flat construction, which are exposed to low levels of load such as arise in use in, for example, smaller department stores. Supports for moving walkways in public facilities such as, for example, airports have to have a high level of stiffness in bending and buckling so that the supports are not deformed when the plate belt has dense occupancy. The same also applies to the escalators disclosed in WO 2014 048 809 A1, since the supports, due to the inclined setting thereof, are also loaded in bending by the mass of the guide rails to be supported and in a given case the mass of the balustrades. In order to achieve the necessary stiffness with respect to buckling the supports illustrated in WO 2014 048 809 A1 and consisting of angle profile members therefore have to have very substantial wall thicknesses for this field of use, which, however, would mean a huge increase in weight.

Track system for an escalator or a moving walkway


Systems and methods are provided for monitoring and mapping a theft of a target vehicle. One method includes grouping a plurality of vehicles in communication with a network to collectively monitor and collect evidence of theft of the target vehicle using camera sensors located in each of the plurality of vehicles. The network is operably connected with at least one processor. At least one input from at least one camera sensor of the plurality of vehicles is obtained and analyzed to determine a direction of travel of the target vehicle. The method includes generating a digital map including an indication of a location and a trajectory based on the direction of travel of the target vehicle. The method provides a communication to a law enforcement agency or a user, with the communication including the digital map.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it may be described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present technology.
Although unfortunate, incidents such as vehicle vandalism, unauthorized intrusions into vehicles, and vehicle thefts may occur. While it may not be possible to fully prevent such acts, it remains desirable to be able to provide increased preventative and/or vehicle safety and security assurances, as well as improved mitigation and monitoring once an incident occurs. An increasing number of vehicles are now being equipped with various theft detection technology including cameras and sensor systems. However, these systems and detection technologies can only accomplish a certain level of monitoring when used independently and not in cooperation with one another.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to utilize existing vehicle sensors in order to provide improved and coordinated vehicle monitoring systems that can monitor vehicle theft while it occurs, but yet does not rely on sensors on the stolen vehicle, which may be tampered with or otherwise compromised.

Vehicle monitoring and theft mitigation system


The invention relates to novel methods for producing isocyanate-free synthetic materials, such as plastics, polymers and/or modified polyurethanes, comprising melt extrusion processing of combinations of thermoplastic polyurethanes and nanoclays.

Isocyanates are a substance class deriving from carbonic acid. Isocyanides can be described as instable carbamide acid (mono amide of carbonic acid which dissociates to ammonia and carbon dioxide). The isocyanates rapidly degrade into amines. With primary alcohol, isocyanates react to stable urethanes. Isocyanates are important for the plastics industry.
Technically, isocyanates are produced from synthesis of amines with phosgene. Two different principles can be differentiated: phosgenisation with free amines or phosgenisation with amine salts. Alternatively, di-isocyanates can be used for the isocyanate synthesis. Isocyanates show a high reactivity with reactive hydrogen. Due to this reason, on the one hand, the success and broad variety of chemical reactions can be explained. On the other hand, high toxicity and related side reactions also arise.
The addition reaction of isocyanates with hydrogen-active compounds is exothermic with a high reaction velocity. With water, isocyanates react more slowly. With amines the reaction time at room temperature is slow and carbon dioxide is eliminated. Aromatic isocyantes are more reactive than aliphatic isocyanates.
In addition to the addition reaction, isocyanates can polymerize H-active compounds. Depending on the individual reaction compounds and catalysts, the reaction results in linear polymers or cyclic di- or trimers. Isocyanates can trimerize with addition of alkali.
Due to the diversity of reactions it is necessary during polyurethane production to have an excess of isocyanate component. The formation of isocyanate products is reversible which is beneficial for the synthesis of blocked isocyanates. Generally, blocked isocyantes are an isocyanate, which has been transformed with a blocking reagent at elevated temperature in presence of a nucleophilic component into an isocyanate adduct. The first patents for isocyanate blocking derive from Schalck and Bunge 1939 and 1940. In comparison to the free isocyanates, the blocked isocyanates have significant advantages. They are less hazardous, less sensitive to hydrolytic reactions, easier for handle, easier to store and easier to transport. However, blocked isocyanates are also disadvantageous due to their difficulty in synthesis and associate costs in production.
The use of isocyanates in polymer production (in addition to the synthesis of blocked isocyanates) represents a significant disadvantage due to their toxicity to human users, the environment and the possibility of further chemical reactions with surrounding reactive materials.
The present invention relates to production methods for synthetic substances, for polymers and/or modified polyurethanes that avoid the likely risks of the conventional isocyanate use. Polyurethane bonding agents have excellent properties relating to stability during changes in temperature, to adhesion, as well as to stability against chemicals, humidity and solvents. Polyurethane materials are produced through polymerization reaction of a di-isocyanate with a di-alcohol and polyurethane-polyoles, which results in a multi-molecular cross-linked compound. A considerable disadvantage of such a polymerization reaction is the production of end products such as alcohols and isocyanates.
Isocyanates have a high level of reactivity, which is why they are used so successfully; but for that reason they are also toxic, being very likely to have a cancer generating effect. When isocyanates interact with H-active compounds, some of the products are also H-active and can, therefore, react with isocyanates as well. Research is needed to reduce the production of blocking agents and to avoid dangerous compounds like free isocyanates as well as phosgene. The goal of such research is to produce isocyanate-free polymer structures. When toxic isocyanates are used for the synthesis of polyurethane materials by conventional means, they remain a safety problem, since upon the hardening of the polymer network a certain amount of isocyanate material remains without having reacted with other materials. Hence the substitution of the isocyanates with non-poisonous cross-linking and/or adhesion materials is an important task.

Isocyanate free polymers and methods of their production


A method of increasing the efficiency of the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) by using a computer algorithm to generate an input file with far fewer flight tracks than would normally be required to obtain the same AEDT results using the same data pool.

Airports and Air Navigation Service Providers ("ANSPs", such as the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)) have a regular need to calculate the noise "contours" around airports. These contours define the specific noise impact around an airport, neighborhood by neighborhood, street by street. The annual average decibel level of impact at a given location is a critical piece of information needed by airports and ANSPs because government programs are in place to pay for noise mitigation measures depending on the decibel levels from aircraft noise pollution in a given location. Large financial decisions are made based upon correct calculation of this information.
The FAA has created a software program called the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) to help calculate these noise contours based on an input of "flight track" data, which is information about what types of aircraft have departed and arrived at an airport and the precise path and altitudes of each track. More specifically, flight track data is information about a flight (such as the aircraft/engine type, whether it was a departure or an arrival, what runway it used) and then each of the points of that departure or arrival (where each point contains four components: time/latitude/longitude/altitude).
Typically, airports and ANSPs are required to generate an annual contour including noise contour data which is often represented as a series of polygons surrounding an airport indicating the average noise exposure level across the year for areas surrounding the airports. Different features and complexities exist in tailoring these contours, including the decibel ranges (e.g., 65 db, 70 db, 75 db), the type of decibel levels used (e.g., "A-weighted" decibels to approximate how the human ear reacts to noise), and adjustment for evening and night time hour noise as those have greater impact on residents. AEDT is not only used to generate the contours of noise based on existing operations at an airport, but also projected future contours based on predicted air traffic plans, or ad-hoc contours based on proposed ideas such as adding a runway or changing where aircraft will fly near an airport.
Consultants use AEDT to generate contours for airports and ANSPs, but AEDT is cumbersome and considerably slow to use. AEDT requires special expertise plus patience in waiting for the software to run. Nonetheless, AEDT is the de facto standard for accurate noise contour results. AEDT runs slower the more "flight tracks" are fed into it. For example, if an airport as 200,000 flight operations a year, and a user wishes to generate a contour representative of the use at that airport, the user would feed 200,000 flight tracks into the AEDT software and wait many hours or even days for the software to run and generate contours.
What is needed, therefore, is a method to reduce the wait time when using AEDT while at the same time, ensuring that the resulting noise contours are accurate.

Method for creating a data input file for increasing the efficiency of the aviation environmental design tool (AEDT)


A protective garment or suit made of fluid impermeable material for use by workers in toxic and hostile environments having an air cooling deivce that divides air from a single airline supply into two separate fractions, one to provide respiratory air at the proper volume and pressure to a breathing mask and the other to provide cooling air at the proper volume and pressure to the inside of the suit to cool the body of the worker. The cooling device permits the delivery of different volumes of cooling air and respiratory air at the appropriate pressure. Further, the volumetric flow of respiratory air to the breathing mask can be adjusted by the worker while preventing it from being reduced below a predetermined safe minimum volumetric flow.

Workers that must perform a task in an environmentally unsafe area, such as Hazmat cleanup or asbestos removal, must wear garments that protect both the worker's skin and respiratory tract. Garments for protecting workers from exposure in toxic or hazardous environments typically include a total encapsulating suit to isolate the worker's body and a hood and breathing mask to isolate the worker's respiratory tract from the toxic agents in the hostile environment. The suits are normally constructed of a fluid impermeable material made from a variety of different plastics. Since the suits are impermeable to fluids, they do not "breathe" (i.e., do not allow air to pass through the suit material). As a result, the interior of the suit becomes quite warm and uncomfortable for the wearer while he is working.
Any encapsulating suit that is impermeable to a fluid, must be worn with some type of respiratory air supply. The respiratory air supply can be either self-contained or externally provided by an airline to a breathing mask inside of the suit. A suit and breathing mask using an external respiratory air supply is shown in the MSA brochure entitled "Constant, Flow or Pressure Demand Duo-Flo and Duo-Twin Respirators" (10-01-14).
Often, these encapsulating suits will also use an external air supply to provide air circulation to the interior of the suit and thereby provide cooling to the suit and the worker. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,777,750; 4,271,833 and 4,458,680 are examples of such suits. In suits such as these, the cooling air provided to the interior of the suit is also used for breathing by the worker since no separate air supply is provided. The disadvantage with this arrangement, however, is that the worker is breathing a mixture of used air (i.e., exhaled air containing CO.sub.2) and fresh air (from the air supply) in the suit rather than breathing clean fresh air directly from the air supply.
To overcome this disadvantage, some suits that provide respiratory air by an airline, such as those used in the asbestos removal industry, are normally cooled by a separate airline that blows cooling air directly into the interior of the suit. As a result, the worker does not breathe the cooling air. These suits, however, must be connected to two separate airlines, one that supplies breathing air at a given volume and pressure to the breathing mask and the other one that supplies cooling air at a different volume and pressure to the interior of the suit.
Since the suit is connected to two separate airlines, the worker's mobility and dexterity is greatly limited. The weight of the suit is also dramatically increased by the addition of the second airline. As a result, the worker must contend with reduced movement as well as excess weight while already performing tasks in an uncomfortable and hazardous environment.
The worker is further limited in his ability to enter or exit the work environment due to the weight and constrictions of the two airlines. Because of these added restrictions placed on the worker, the worker's productive time inside the hostile work environment is reduced. Additionally, the necessity for two airlines can be dangerous to workers who must be able to climb or run in making a quick escape from a hazardous area.
There is a need, therefor, for a totally encapsulating suit which has a cooling device that both supplies respiratory air directly to the worker through his breathing mask and also supplies cooling air to the interior of the suit while requiring only a single airline from an external air supply. By using a single airline from one external air supply, the worker's mobility is greatly increased and the stress and fatigue associated with transporting the extra weight of a second airline is eliminated.


A bracket for mounting an electrical switchbox or the like on a metal stud of generally channel shape having a web at one side constituting a closed side. The stud has a front and rear flange which define an open side of the stud between them. The bracket includes a bracket plate having a front end and a rear end and a flap generally adjacent the front edge of the bracket plate for attaching the bracket to the front flange of the wall stud in a position in which the bracket plate extends rearwardly adjacent one side of the wall stud. Track members generally adjacent the front end of the bracket plate hold an electrical switchbox or the like in fixed position relative to the bracket plate with one side of the box generally adjacent the bracket plate and with an open front of the switchbox facing forwardly. An arm on the bracket plate may be moved from a first position in which the arm extends in front-to-rear direction with respect to the bracket plate to a second position in which the arm extends laterally inwardly from the bracket plate. When the bracket is to be used at the open side of a wall stud, the arm is moved to the second position and engages the web of the wall stud to support the bracket against lateral movement.

This invention relates generally to means for mounting electrical switchboxes and the like and, more particularly, to an improved bracket for mounting a switchbox on a metal wall stud of channel configuration.
It is often necessary in commercial constructions to mount electrical switchboxes on metal wall studs of channel configuration, one side of the stud thus being closed and the other side open. Various types of brackets have been used for this purpose, but they have drawbacks. For example, some are time-consuming to install, requiring numerous screws to attach the switchbox to the bracket. Some prior brackets also require the stud to be backed up against drywall or the like, which is not the case in many instances, as where the stud is positioned adjacent an outside wall. In the latter instances such brackets do not hold the electrical box secure against being pushed back into the wall during use. Other disadvantages of prior brackets are that different size brackets are needed to accommodate studs of different depths, and that the brackets block the use of knockouts in the side walls of the switchbox, thereby making wiring of the box more difficult.
There is a need, therefore, for an improved device for mounting electrical switchboxes and the like on metal wall studs, particularly those of channel configuration.

Bracket for mounting an electrical switchbox on a wall stud


A liquid discharge head includes discharge orifices, recording elements that generate energy, supply channels that supply liquid to the recording elements, a common supply channel communicating with the supply channels, recovery channels that recover liquid supplied to the recording elements, a common recovery channel that recovers liquid from the recovery channels, a first inlet port that supplies liquid to the common supply channel, a first recovery port that recovers liquid from the first common supply channel, a second inlet port that supplies liquid to the common recovery channel, and a second recovery port that recovers liquid from the second common recovery channel. The first inlet port and the first recovery port communicate without going through channel portions where recording elements are disposed, and the second inlet port and the second recovery port communicate without going through channel portions where recording elements are disposed.

Field
The present disclosure relates to a liquid discharge head that discharges liquid such as ink or the like, a liquid discharge apparatus, and a liquid discharge method.
Description of the Related Art
An inkjet recording head that performs recording by discharging a liquid such as ink or the like is representative of liquid discharge heads. In liquid discharge heads, volatile components in ink contained in the head evaporates from discharge orifices. This changes the concentration of color material in the ink near the discharge orifices, which is problematic in that unevenness of color occurs in images being recorded, viscosity increases near the discharge orifices, changing the speed of droplets being discharged, and droplet landing accuracy deteriorates, and so forth. A method is known to counter these problems, in which ink supplied to the liquid discharge head is circulated over a circulation path.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-142910 discloses an apparatus that prevents thickening of ink near discharge orifices that are in a state of not performing discharging by circulating ink. Further, PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2002-533247 discloses an apparatus that cleans within a chamber by circulating ink.
However, the invention described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-142910 has a configuration where ink that has flowed into a head 11 from a first tank 12 passes through pressure chambers where piezoelectric elements have been disposed, and is recovered from the head 11, as illustrated in FIG. 7 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-142910. Moreover, the invention described in PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2002-533247 has a configuration where ink that has flowed into a head 2010 from a lower container 2050 passes through chambers for discharging, and is recovered from the head 2010, as illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5, and 8 of PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2002-533247.
Thus, the circulation configurations disclosed in both Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-142910 and PCT Japanese Translation Patent Publication No. 2002-533247 both involve ink that has flowed into the head passing through pressure chambers and being recovered from the head. In a case where the flow rate of circulation is increased, for example, in such a configuration, the ink passes through pressure chambers where the cross-sectional area is relatively smaller than the cross-sectional are of other channel portions, so the channel resistance is large at that portion, and pressure drop in the circulatory flow increases. The channel resistance at that portion can be reduced by enlarging the cross-sectional area of the pressure chambers, but larger pressure chambers affect discharge of ink, and further increase the size of the head.

Liquid discharge head, liquid discharge apparatus, and liquid discharge method


Systems and methods are disclosed herein for processing one or more document and/or hierarchal project. For example, a system is disclosed having memory storing the document as a data file comprising content data. The system also includes at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to designate a portion of the content data as micro content; receive user input providing a phrase; and generate a phrase map configured to associate the phrase with the designated micro content and store the phrase map as phrase map data, the phrase map data comprising at least the phrase associated with a reference indicative of the associated micro content.

Documents may generally be categorized as being either structured or unstructured. Unstructured documents represent content as a linear sequence of characters. These characters include the content as well as control characters that specify formatting information regarding the content. A structured project, in contrast, is not ordered as a linear representation but typically is organized as a tree structure or other type of directed acyclic graph. For example, a document may be represented as a tree with a node at the top having child nodes representing content groupings and the front and back portions of the content, which may include sections and paragraphs. These components are organized as a hierarchical tree. Each structured document may be specified in a structured document language, such as the extensible markup language (XML), the Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML), hypertext markup language (HTM or HTML), Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML), or any markup language known in the art, or may be specified according to a known standard, such as the Office Document Architecture (ODA) standard.
For users, the editing of unstructured projects is fairly intuitive and straightforward. The user simply selects a portion of the project to be edited and then applies an editing operation to the selected portion. With structured documents, editing is not as straightforward. Structured document editors require that the user operate on the syntactic entities (e.g., section, paragraph, etc.) specified within the structured project. As a result, editing operations may be cumbersome. Accordingly, it may not be possible to edit a portion of the document, which spans the boundaries of syntactic entities, in a single operation.
Current editors for writing with markup languages, such as XHTML, HTML, XML and SGML, focus primarily on either structure (at the expense of content editing) or focus on content editing (and abstract away the underlying structure).
The present disclosure is directed toward overcoming one or more of the problems discovered by the inventors.

Methods and systems for creating and managing micro content from an electronic document


A base assembly for use with a riveting apparatus such as an electromagnetic riveter (EMR). In one aspect of the invention, the base assembly includes a base plate (42) having a raised beveled portion (80) extending upwardly from the upper surface (54) of the base plate (42). A mounting plate (72) fits on and is secured to the base plate (42) by a plurality of coil springs (90-93). The mounting plate (72) has a recessed portion (66) in the lower surface thereof which mates with the raised portion (80) of the base plate (42). Trip switches (104-107) are positioned in the mounting plate (72) for detection of movement of the mounting plate (72) relative to the base plate (42) in response to undesired contact between the EMR and a part assembly or fixture therefor. An output signal indication is provided when one or more of the trip switches (104-107) are actuated. In another aspect of the invention, a base assembly mounting plate (152 ) is mounted on mounting studs (168-171) and locating pins (156, 158) which extend upwardly from a base member (154). An EMR is mounted on the mounting plate (152). Spring washers 180-183 are located between the mounting plate (152) and the base member (154). The washers are configured to permit a selected amount of preload compression by locking nuts operating on the mounting studs while still permitting a selected range of movement for height adjustment by turning the locking nuts in one direction.

In many riveting applications using conventional, two-ended solid rivets, such as those used in aircraft assembly applications, one end of the rivet, which is inserted through two adjoining parts, is obscured from view by the configuration of one of the parts being assembled. For instance, in the assembly of an aircraft wing, involving the attachment of longitudinal stiffeners to a section of wing skin, one of the opposing riveting head assemblies, which includes a pressure foot and an anvil (ram), will move along the stiffener quite close to the leg portion thereof. The stiffener leg portion may take various configurations, including the particular "J" stringer configuration shown in FIG. 1.
Since, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the tolerance for movement of the riveting head assembly relative to the stringer is quite limited, except in the longitudinal direction, sometimes there will occur significant contact between the riveting head and the part assembly, i.e. the stringer, due to incorrect movement or erroneous initial positioning of the riveting head. This contact typically causes substantial damage to the assembly part as well as the riveting machine, resulting in significant loss in manufacturing time and considerable expense. Such contact and resulting damage is referred to generally as a "crash". Crashes, of course, are to be avoided if at all possible; they do, unfortunately, occur with regularity. This problem occurs for both the conventional hydraulic riveting machines, in which opposing riveting machine head assemblies are carried on a large "C" shaped yoke shown in FIG. 1, as well as for the newer electromagnetic riveting machines having separate, opposed riveting heads which are typically carried on a much lighter yoke, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,043 to Peter Zieve. The problem occurs most frequently in those riveting applications where one of the riveting heads is obscured from the view of the operator because of the configuration of one or more of the assembly parts, such as where one or more of the parts has a protruding and hooked configuration, like the combination of a wing panel and J stringer in FIG. 1.
Even relatively small errors in movement of the riveting heads during operation of the apparatus or in one or more of the several moves necessary to properly initially position the riveting heads will result in a crash in a confined operating situation. There have been attempts, however, to solve this significant problem. One such attempt includes the use of a riveting head pressure foot which releases during a crash. The pressure foot is held in position with a spring detent arrangement, and when a crash occurs the pressure foot assembly in effect breaks away and falls from the riveting head. The disadvantage of such an arrangement is that the operator must manually reinstall the pressure foot on the riveting head assembly after each such crash. This is time consuming and is often difficult since the riveting heads are frequently some distance off the ground. Hence, there is a significant need in many riveting applications to minimize and/or prevent damage which is caused by inadvertent contact between the riveting apparatus and the part assembly during riveting operations.
Another significant problem in many riveting applications involves the precise alignment of the two opposed riveting head assemblies on the rivet. It is important that each riveting head be aligned on the rivet to a relatively high tolerance, typically 0.002" or so, in order to ensure high quality rivet formation. The alignment of the riveting heads occurs in two directions, sideways, i.e. lengthwise along the part assembly and heightwise, i.e. vertically.
Typically, there is no difficulty aligning the one rivet head assembly which is on the same side of the panel as the drill unit, since accurate alignment of that assembly is achieved by simply moving the riveting head lengthwise the center distance between the riveting head and the drill. The riveting head on the drill side thus is centered on the rivet opening and thus centered on the rivet when the rivet is inserted therein.
For the opposing riveting head, the longitudinal alignment is typically accomplished by a conventional high resolution slide, such as a dovetail arrangement. However, the height of the riveting head is more difficult to control. In the past, shims have been used to set the desired height. However, this requires that the riveting head be first released from its mounting structure, the shims installed and then the riveting head remounted. This takes time and often is not very precise. Multiple shim insertions are usually required. Such a procedure cannot be accomplished during actual operation of the riveter.
Hence, there is a significant need for a height adjustment system for a riveting head assembly which is convenient and accurate and which can be used by the operator of the riveting apparatus. It would also be desirable to be able to accomplish the height adjustment during riveting operations.

Base assembly for automatic riveting machine


There is disclosed a silver halide color photo-graphic light-sensitive material capable of providing a dye image having excellent color reproducibility, sharpness and image fastness. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having provided thereon a photographic constituent layer comprising a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a yellow dye-forming coupler, a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a magenta dye-forming coupler, and a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a cyan dye-forming coupler, and non-light-sensitive hydrophilic colloid layers. The above silver halide emulsion layer containing the cyan dye-forming coupler contains at least one cyan dye-forming couplers represented by the following Formula (Ia), and wherein at least one of the non-light-sensitive hydrophilic colloid layers is provided between the support and the silver halide emulsion layer closest to the support and contains a white pigment in a filling rate of 20 weight % or more: ##STR1## wherein Za represents --NH-- or --CH(R.sub.3)--, and Zb and Zc each represents --C(R.sub.4).dbd. or --N.dbd.; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represents an electron attractive group having a Hammett's substituent constant .sigma..sub.p of 0.20 or more, provided that the sum of the .sigma..sub.p values of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 0.65 or more; R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, provided that when two R.sub.4 groups are present in the formula, they may be the same or different; X represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of splitting off upon a reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent; the group represented by R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 or X may become a divalent group and combine with a polymer higher than a dimer and a high molecular chain to form a homopolymer or a copolymer.

Although there have been improvements on the quality in the color images obtained with silver halide color photographic light-sensitive materials, there is a need for further improvement. The quality of the color image is determined by various performance characteristics such as gradation reproduction, color reproduction, graininess, and sharpness. Among them, color reproduction and sharpness are the important factors that exert an influence upon the visual sharpness of an image. Additionally, there is a need to improve expression at details and the above factors themselves. Further, with color print materials, it is desired from the viewpoint of the recording medium part thereof that it is kept unchanged without deterioration even after storing at various conditions over a long period of time.
In order to improve color reproduction, improvements have been attempted in the spectral absorption characteristics of the yellow, magenta and cyan dyes each formed from a coupler by coupling with the oxidation-product of a developing agent. The cyan couplers mentioned below have been investigated for the purpose of improving the spectral absorption characteristics of the cyan dye. That is, there have been investigated the diphenylimidazole series couplers described in JP-A-2-33144 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an unexamined Japanese patent application), the 3-hydroxypyridine series couplers described in European Patent EP 0,333,185, the cyclic active methylene series cyan couplers described in JP-A-64-32260, the pyrrolo-pyrazole type cyan couplers described in European Patent EP 0,456,226, the pyrroloimidazole type cyan couplers described in European Patent EP 0,488,909, and the pyrroloazole type cyan couplers described in European Patents EP 0,488,248 and EP 0,491,197.
Meanwhile, several attempts have been made in order to improve image sharpness. In order to obtain an image having a high sharpness, a measure must be taken so that light of an exposure is not spread over a wide range on the print face to generate fading. There are known as the method for the prevention of this spreading, a method in which a water soluble dye is used in order to prevent irradiation generated on an emulsion layer provided on a support, a method in which a coloring layer (AH) is provided in order to prevent halation, and a method in which the reflection rate is raised in the vicinity of the surface on a reflection type support in order to prevent a blur in the support.
Of these methods, there is described a method for preventing a blur in JP-A-3-156439, a method in which a white pigment is incorporated into a waterproof resin layer covering a reflection type support in a proportion of 14% or more. Further, there is described in JP-A-57-64235 and JP-A-62-187846, a method in which a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a white pigment is provided between a support and a silver halide emulsion layer. However, it has been found that the application of the supports provided with these white pigments accelerates the yellowing of the background and the discoloring and fading of the cyan dye image when a color print processed and obtained is stored under the condition of high humidity.
Further, also in the methods in which a water soluble dye or AH is used, the use of a lot of dyes or an increase in the amount of coloring matter in AH in order to obtain a high sharpness, leads to the problems that a coloring agent remains without completely decoloring during processing to stain the background and that an image storing performance is deteriorated after processing.
Thus, there is no technology by which the sharpness of an image is increased and the yellowing of the background and the discoloring and fading of a dye image after a processing can be prevented. Accordingly the development of a new technology has been desired.

Silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material


Embodiments of the invention relate to systems, methods, and computer program products for managing electronic communications and, specifically, monitoring electronic communications received from numerous communications sources associated with a user, identifying that certain ones of the communications are priority communications and communicating notice of the priority communications to the user. The priority communication may be identified by user defined criteria, such key words, phrases, key topics, key names and the like; timeframe of the communication; user-defined priority rules; business performance indicators/metrics and the like. Communication of the notice may provide for communicating a priority communication alert to the user or communicating the notice to a network-accessible communication monitoring portal.

In today's business environment, a business person has various ways to receive information electronically. These electronic communication sources include, but are not necessarily limited to, electronic mail (i.e., email), Short Message Service (SMS)/text messaging, instant messaging service, voicemail and the like. In addition, the recent advent of social networking and blogging services provide for additional electronic communication sources.
The numerous electronic communication sources provide the business person with a daunting task of trying to manage all of the communications received by the business person or otherwise relevant to the business person. The volume of electronic communication sources and particularly the volume of electronic communications emanating from these sources makes if extremely difficult for the business person to stay well informed and to address concerns in a timely fashion. In this regard, not only is the management of electronic communication a time consuming endeavor, it is also unreliable in that a business person can easily inadvertently miss or otherwise disregard an electronic communication that is critical and requires immediate attention.
Certain business persons, such as high level executives or the like, have addressed this problem by using personal assistants or other individuals to manage their business communications for them. In other words, business communications intended for the level business person are screened by the personal assistant or the like and only those deemed important are then forwarded to the attention of the high level business person. In certain instances, if the electronic communications are deemed to be highly critical the personal assistant may attempt to immediately contact the high level business person, either in person, via telephone communication or the like. While such a system can be somewhat effective, it does not guarantee that critical and/or highly important communication is forwarded to the high level business person. This is because the personal assistant is prone to same problems that plague the high level business person; important or otherwise critical communications can be overlooked. Moreover, the personal assistant may not process the knowledge to able to determine precisely which communications are important and/or critical, especially in the instance in which the issue surrounding the importance is a burgeoning issue not previously addressed by the high level business person.
In addition to problems related to communication oversights, such a personal assistant communication screening system tends to be inefficient and costly, in that, it adds another layer to the electronic communication process thereby potentially slowing down the communication and requires another individual's time to manage the communications. Such a system is obviously cost prohibitive in terms of managing communication for all business people regardless of stature or profile within the business.
An additional problem related to numerous communication sources and the volume of electronic communication associated with these sources is that, even in the instance in which a communication is received and read by the intended business person, the potential exists that the business person is unable to appreciate the significance or criticality of the communication because the business person is unaware of other current, real-time factors, such as current business performance, current industry performance or the like. In such instance, an otherwise innocuous communication may rise to the important or critical communication level, if the business person was aware of related business factors.
Therefore, a need exists to provide for a system for managing electronic communications from various sources and for notifying the electronic communication recipient when a critical or priority communication is received. The desired methods, apparatus and systems should provide for managing the electronic communications from all or most of the electronic communication sources associated with the business person, such as, but not limited to, email, text messaging instant messaging, voice mail, social networking and the like. In addition, the desired systems, methods, apparatus and the like should provide for the business person/user to dynamically define criteria for determining which communications are highly important/critical and, thus, give rise to the need to notify the business person/user of such communications. Additionally, the desired systems, methods, apparatus and computer program products should provide for taking into account current business performance and/or industry performance in determining which communications rise to the level of important and/or critical.

Communication monitoring and management system


A coated abrasive product is disclosed, which includes a substrate and an abrasive layer overlying the substrate. The abrasive layer includes abrasive grains and a binder, the binder being formed from a binder formulation having first and second binder components mixed together uniformly with the abrasive grains, wherein the first binder component is radiation curable and the second binder component comprises a powder and is thermally curable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally directed to coated abrasive products, and in particular coated abrasive products and processes for forming same that employ a binder formulation having multiple pathways for curing.
2. Description of the Related Art
Coated abrasive products fundamentally include a substrate or backing member that serves as a dimensionally stable component, on which an abrasive-containing layer is deposited. In traditional coated abrasives, abrasive grains of the abrasive layer are adhered to the backing member through use of a maker coat, which is an adhesive binder composition for anchoring the as-deposited abrasive grains. Most typically, processing continues with deposition of a size coat that lends structural integrity to the abrasive layer. In the context of traditional coated abrasives, the abrasive grains are generally randomly oriented and form a fairly uniform layer.
Engineered or structured abrasives have been developed to provide improved performance over traditional coated abrasive products. Structured abrasives also generally utilize a backing member, but the abrasive layer is deposited in order to form a pre-configured pattern. Such structured abrasives generally exhibit enhanced grinding characteristics over conventional abrasive products, such as providing sustained cut rate, consistent surface finish, and extended life.
In the context of both traditional coated abrasives and structured abrasives, thermal curable binders have been used to adhere the abrasive layer to the backing member or substrate, as well as to stabilize the abrasive grains. However, thermal curing suffers from numerous drawbacks including, often times, extended cure times resulting in unwanted shifting of abrasive grain position. Particularly in the context of structured abrasives, the pattern of grains may be disrupted during rheological changes of the binder formulation during heating and/or during handling of the structured abrasive prior to or during heat treatment.
In an effort to address such disadvantages, so-called radiation-curable binder systems have been developed, which advantageously permit short curing cycles. Such radiation curable binders include UV-curable binders as well as e-beam curable binders. However, radiation curable binders are not without their drawbacks as well. For example, particularly in the case of silicon carbide-based abrasives, the depth of penetration of the radiation is limited. Further, dyes present within the binder formulation can cause issues with radiation penetration as well, resulting in incomplete curing.
In an effort to address the processing and performance characteristics associated with known coated abrasives, and in particular structured abrasives, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,863,306 and 5,833,724 describe various coated abrasives formed utilizing a binder formulation that combines radiation curable and thermally curable components. During processing, viscosity is modified through use a functional powder that is added to a coated intermediate product prior to curing. The functional powder is intended to adjust a viscosity of the intermediate product, to retain structural integrity during processing such that its engineered shape is maintained prior to and during curing.
Despite advances provided in the art, as exemplified in the '306 and '724 patents for example, a need continues to exist for superior coated abrasives and methods for forming same, and which further lend themselves to large-scale manufacturing operations.

Processes for forming coated abrasive products


A dual band integrated feedhorn includes a housing having a rotatable support for a C band coaxial waveguide, a clamp for a Ku band waveguide, a Ku band waveguide slideably mounted in the clamp for focus adjustment, and a pair of low noise blocks connected to the waveguide output probes for downconverting their incoming modulated carrier C and Ku band signals to modulated IF signals. A servo drives the support member to position the waveguides energy output coupling probes to match the polarization of the incoming RF energy; thus, eliminating the need for polarizers and reducing insertion loss significantly. The reduced insertion loss enables defocusing of the Ku band waveguide to widen the half power beamwidth to improve aiming accuracy without decreasing the gain and degrading performance. A position adjustable scalar and a pair of power modules are attached exteriorly of the housing. The scalar is positioned adjacent the end of the C band waveguide for focusing the C band waveguide. The power modules include transient suppressors and voltage regulators connected to the pair of low noise blocks for suppressing incoming transients and regulating the incoming dc voltage while outputting the modulated IF carrier signals. Thus, heat generated by the power modules is kept from the low noise blocks, resulting in improved operating performance and increased life.

Microwave communication systems include one or more satellites receiving signals transmitted to it by an earth station. The satellites amplify and send this information to other earth stations on new carrier frequencies. A frequency difference of about 2 GHz prevents interference between the uplink and downlink transmissions. For example, all geostationary satellites operate in one of the following three bands:
______________________________________ Old Band Uplink Downlink Orbit Separation ______________________________________ C 6 GHz 4 GHz 4 degrees Ku 14 GHz 12 GHz 3 degrees K 17 GHz 12 GHz Not assigned ______________________________________
In certain earth locations such as the United States the communication systems operate at C band; while, in Europe the communication systems operate at Ku band. It is becoming increasingly desirable for earth stations to receive the programs of both the C band and Ku band.
Known earth stations include a parabolic (dish) reflector for collecting the microwave energy transmitted by the satellite. The dish focuses the reflected energy on a feedhorn assembly located at a focal point in front of the dish. An entire feedhorn assembly typically includes a feedhorn, a section of waveguide, a polarizer, and a low noise amplifier (LNA) plus associated cable. The LNA circuitry includes a power module for protecting the circuit against power surges or spikes. The power module is typically included in the LNA package which adds to the bulk and weight of the feedhorn assembly as well as to the heat generated in the LNA package. The heat dissipated during a power surge can destroy the LNA which it was designed to protect.
The microwave energy transmitted by satellites typically is polarized vertically and horizontally to double the number of transponders available. A good example of the use of dual polarization on a satellite is the RCA Statcom IIIR which operates at C band (4 GHz) with 24 transponders. The twelve odd-numbered transponders utilize the vertically polarized electric field, and the twelve even-numbered transponders utilize the horizontally polarized electric field. Polarizers increase substantially power insertion losses.
At an earth station receiving site it is necessary to adjust the polarization of the receiving antenna to correspond to the polarization of the set of transponders generating the desired signals in order to receive those signals. Some earth station antennae have dual polarized feeds which are capable of receiving both polarizations simultaneously and thus can receive any or all of the 24 transponders with no further adjustment of the antenna feed. Such dual systems, however, are very expensive which prohibits their use in the private segment of the commercial market. Nevertheless, even for this application, the antennae should be capable of receiving television programs from all of the satellites and from all of the transponders on each of the satellites. Thus, for best results (pictures) the antenna must be capable of responding to either horizontal polarization or vertical polarization of the frequency bands being used, namely, the C and Ku bands. Also, some satellites may have their polarizations skewed from either the vertical or horizontal positions. In this case the antenna must be positioned to respond to the signals having skewed polarizations.
Early earth station designs utilized a motor to rotate the entire feed assembly. The motor is controlled by the operator to position the feed assembly such that its polarization coincides to that of the transmitting satellite. However, the feed assembly was bulky and heavy; thus, rotation of the feed assembly without wobble by the motor drive was difficult. Any wobble of the feedhorn during rotation caused the antenna beam to depart from true boresight along the focal axis, and the signal from the satellite was not in the maximum of the receiving antenna pattern. To alleviate the wobble problem, efforts were directed toward obtaining the desired polarization using a stationary feed assembly. In addition, wind forces result in decreased aiming accuracy and a loss of the incoming signals.
These efforts included the use of a septum in the rotating waveguide. A septum is a metal plate positioned across the waveguide. The lines of an electric field are all normal to a plane which passes horizontally through the center of the waveguide. In a circular waveguide the plane is the horizontal diameter. When properly aligned, the septum will not block or attenuate the wave nor will it cause reflections to occur so long as it is a relatively thin conducting sheet. The septum can be of any length, and the wave as it travels through the guide will reform after it has passed by the septum into a wave identical to the original wave. In effect the electric field lines being normal to the septum do not see the septum, and the wave is said to be cross polarized with respect to the septum.
Another form of the septum included spaced diametric conducting pins mounted across the diameter of the circular waveguide in the same plane as the previously described septum, and spaced along the longitudinal axis of the guide in relatively close proximity (small fractions of a wavelength) one to another. Each pin was slightly rotated a few degrees (only enough to prevent discontinuities) and a gradual rotation of the polarization began without upsetting the wave propagation in the waveguide. If the pins themselves are rotated as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,287,729 and 3,296,558, the entire feed assembly need not be rotated.
To avoid the need for a complex pin rotational mechanism, a twistable serpentine-shaped filament was developed. The filament comprises a series of interconnected legs for transverse orientation to wave propagation at the diameter of a circular waveguide. Each leg is approximately equal in length but slightly less than the diameter of the waveguide. The filament terminates in a leg at each end. One end leg is rigidly mounted to the wall of the desired waveguide input to the LNA, and the other end is securely fastened to a rotatable sleeve for rotation around the longitudinal axis of the waveguide. Thus, the only driven element is the leg nearest the aperture of the feed. The serpentine shape of the filament assures accurate leg-to-leg spacing and successively small progression of leg-to-leg rotation. By appropriate selection of a resilient material, rotation of the legs of the filament is repeatable. More information about the serpentine filament is given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,379.
The disadvantage of the above-described feed assembly structures include their rotational-prohibitive size and weight, the substantial power insertion loss attending the use of septums as polarizering elements, heat destruction of the low noise amplifier (LNA) or low noise "block" (LNB) or module resulting from including the power regulator within the LNA or LNB where heat generated by regulating high voltages or transients destroys not only the power regulator but also the LNA or LNB; and decreased aiming accuracy attending the narrow half power beamwidth produced by these systems. A LNB is a LNA combined with a frequency downconverter and IF amplifier for producing modulated IF signals.

Dual band integrated LNB feedhorn system


A system may include an inverter configured to convert a direct current (DC) voltage to an alternating current (AC) voltage. The system may also include a control system communicatively coupled to the inverter. The control system may receive a torque current feedback from a motor and may generate, based on the torque current feedback, a command torque current and a command flux current. The control system may generate, based on the command torque current and the command flux current, a command torque voltage and a command flux voltage and may generate, based on a slip frequency and a rotor frequency, a command frequency. The control system may determine one or more operating parameters for the inverter based on the command frequency, the command torque voltage, and the command flux voltage and may control the inverter based on the one or more operating parameters.

This disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for improving motor efficiency optimization within industrial automation systems. More specifically, the present disclosure discusses controlling the voltage supplied by an inverter based on the output of an induction motor, which may be part of the industrial automation systems.
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
An industrial plant system is managed and operated using a control and monitoring system. To effectively control and efficiently operate (e.g., reducing power loss) the industrial plant system, the control and monitoring system may receive real-time data related to the operation or output of a power converter that is part of the industrial plant system to control an operation of one or more devices within the industrial plant system. Although some methods of controlling operation are directed at making changes when a connected motor is operating at a steady speed. In some cases, the speed of the motor and/or load conditions of the motor may vary during operation of the industrial plant system. As such, improved systems and methods for controlling the operation of the power converters under various motor speed and load conditions are desirable.

Systems and methods for performing motor control operations agnostic of speed data


An image based motion gesture recognition method and system thereof are disclosed. In embodiment, a hand posture detection is performed according to the received image frames, to obtain a first hand posture. It is then determined whether the first hand posture matches a predefined starting posture or not. If the first hand posture matches said predefined starting posture, movement tracking is performed according to hand locations on image frames, to obtain a motion gesture. During said movement tracking, the hand posture detection is performed according to said image frames to obtain a second hand posture, and it is determined whether the second hand posture matches a predefined ending posture. If the second hand posture matches the predefined ending posture, the movement tracking is stopped. Therefore, reduce complexity motion gesture recognition can be reduced and the reliability in interaction can be improved.

Friendly interaction between human and computer is critical for the development of entertainment systems, especially for gaming systems. The rapid development of the motion analyses systems and computer-controlled devices has introduced possibility of new ways of interacting with computers. However, many existing solutions make use of sensor devices which often needed to be attached on the user fingers. Although this way can offer accurate hand detection, it also increases users' burden. One preferred method is to use hand as a commanding device, i.e. using movements to enter commands into the operating system of the computer or control peripheral devices. However, the known methods and systems are rather complex and not robust enough.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 6,002,808, a system is provided for rapidly recognizing hand gestures for the control of computer graphics, in which image moment calculations are utilized to determine an overall equivalent rectangle corresponding to hand position, orientation and size, with size in one embodiment correlating to the width of the hand. In a further embodiment, a hole generated through the utilization of the touching of the forefinger with the thumb provides a special trigger gesture recognized through the corresponding hole in the binary representation of the hand. In a further embodiment, image moments of images of other objects are detected for controlling or directing onscreen images.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 7,129,927, a gesture recognition system including elements for detecting and generating a signal corresponding to a number of markers arranged on an object, elements for processing the signal from the detecting elements, members for detecting position of the markers in the signal. The markers are divided into first and second set of markers, the first set of markers constituting a reference position and the system comprises elements for detecting movement of the second set of markers and generating a signal as a valid movement with respect to the reference position.
There thus is a need for an interaction system that offers an unconstrained or natural way for users to interact with computer, which means users can control without any other devices but their own hands.

Image based motion gesture recognition method and system thereof


Provided herein is a method for forming a periodic microstructure on a surface of zirconia-based ceramics, which are not easily mechanically workable, without causing thermal adverse effects. A zirconia-based ceramic having a surface periodic microstructure is also provided. A linearly or circularly polarized laser beam is irradiated to a zirconia-based ceramic surface, and periodic irregularities are formed in a spot of the laser beam. Stripe-pattern irregularities parallel to the direction of polarization can be formed in a spot of a laser beam by irradiating a linearly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a zirconia-based ceramic surface. A mesh-like raised region and a dot-like recessed region can be periodically formed by irradiating a circularly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a ceramic surface.

There has been research and development of techniques that form a microstructured irregularities on a material surface. Formation of such a surface microstructure enables improving bonding to the overlying film, and adhesion for liquid, or altering the optical characteristics of the surface.
Zirconia-based ceramics, a material processed in this patent application, are known to have high-strength, and show characteristics that vary with the concentration and the type of additive. A material doped with a predetermined concentration of yttria (yttrium oxide) has toughness, and applications to biomaterials and machine materials are expected. This type of zirconia-based ceramic has also been used for oxygen sensors by taking advantage of the oxygen ion conducting property of the material.
Zirconia-based ceramics are not easily machineable because of mechanical characteristics such as toughness, hardness, and abrasion resistance. However, despite the poor workability, these desirable mechanical characteristics of zirconia-based ceramics have been exploited in biomaterial applications such as dental implants, and substitute bone. However, zirconia-based ceramics themselves have low compatibility to the body, and a technique that coats a highly biocompatible material such as apatite over the material surface is desired to improve biocompatibility. Materials containing tetragonal zirconia have desirable mechanical characteristics with no toxicity, and have been widely used as materials for medical equipment. Currently, these materials are used in a variety of practical applications, including artificial joints, dental restorations such as crowns, and artificial roots. However, tetragonal zirconia is inferior to calcium phosphate in terms of tissue conductivity, a property that encourages conduction of natural normal tissue to a material surface at the placement site. Because of this property, a thin fibrous connective tissue (with a thickness of 1 to 10 μm) occurs on a surface of the tetragonal zirconia placed in bone or soft tissue, and the material does not directly connect itself to the bone or soft tissue. It is also worth mentioning that, unlike calcium phosphate, there is no report of tetragonal zirconia in relation to blood compatibility. Accordingly, it would be useful to have a method that coats a surface of a ceramic material such as zirconia with a tissue conductive material to allow the material to directly connect itself to the bone in the body after operation. Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (a bone component) are considered to be most suited for the purpose of connecting a ceramic material to bone, and it has been proposed to coat a surface of a metallic material or a ceramic material such as zirconia with calcium phosphate to this end.
A prior art search for a method that improves adhesion for a film through formation of a microstructure on a surface of zirconia and other materials found the following techniques.
PTL 1 reports a nanolevel microprocessing technique whereby an ultrashort pulsed-laser (a femtosecond laser) is applied under polarization control to form a microstructure of a size smaller than the wavelength of the applied laser. A suitable fluence range is described as being from the ablation threshold to 10 times the ablation threshold. In this publication, "fluence" is described as energy per unit area (J/cm2) determined by dividing the output energy per laser beam pulse by the cross sectional area of irradiation, and "ablation threshold" is described as the minimum value of energy density at which vaporization occurs on a material surface irradiated with a laser beam. PTL 1 reports that irradiation of a solid material surface with a linearly polarized ultrashort pulsed laser beam forms a narrow projecting microstructure along a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization, and that irradiation of circularly polarized light forms a granularly projecting microstructure. The size of the microstructure has a positive correlation with the wavelength of the applied laser, and the microstructure has a size much smaller than the wavelength ( 1/10 to ⅗ of the wavelength). As examples of surface microprocessing, PTL 1 uses a nitride ceramic (TiN) film, an amorphous carbon film, and a stainless steel material as samples.
PTL 2 reports a surface processing method that applies a single laser beam to a material surface to periodically form fine irregularities. In this patent, regions irradiated with a laser beam are scanned with an overlap, and ablation occurring at the interfering region of the p-polarized component of the incident light and the scattered light of the p-polarized component of along the material surface forms a self-organizing periodic structure orthogonal to the polarization direction of incident light, at an interval that is no smaller than the λ/2 of the incident light component and no greater than the incident light λ. The laser is described as being irradiated in 10 to 300 shots at a given region. PTL 2 takes advantage of the periodic structure that is formed in a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization of incident light, and the direction of periodic structure is variable by varying the direction of polarization of incident light. A suitable fluence range is described as being in the vicinity of the ablation threshold. Surfaces of a Si substrate, a Cu tape, and an Al tape are examples of the samples worked in PTL 2.
PTL 3 proposes a method for fabricating a highly bone-compatible hydroxyapatite film on a silicon or stainless steel base material through vapor deposition of hydroxyapatite after fabricating periodic irregularities on a base material surface using an ultrashort pulsed-laser.
PTL 1 to PTL 3 are techniques that form periodic grooves in a direction orthogonal to the direction of polarization of incident light. There is no report of experiments conducted on zirconia-based ceramics.
In one of the few reports found by our prior art search for processing of zirconia-based ceramics with a femtosecond laser beam, NPL 1 describes direct ablation processing of dental implant zirconia on the order of several tens of micrometers, and evaluation of surface conditions after the process, and reports that the process has only a small effect on crystalline phase. There is no report of periodic structures of a submicron size.
A prior art search for the relationship between a direction of polarization of incident light and a microstructure found a report of periodic grooves formed in a SiO2 material in a direction parallel to the direction of polarization of incident light (see NPL 2).

Surface structure forming method for zirconia-based ceramics, and zirconia-based ceramics

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology


The present invention relates to an organic semiconductor material in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a conjugated polymer, and the weight fraction of the carbon nanotubes is 3 percent or less relative to the conjugated polymer. According to the present invention, an organic semiconductor material having a high carrier mobility can be supplied industrially. Furthermore, high-performance organic semiconductor devices, e.g., organic thin film transistor devices and organic photovoltaic devices, can be provided.

Conjugated polymers have semiconductor characteristics and, therefore, are noted as semiconductor materials in place of known silicon and compound semiconductors. If such a polymer can be used as a semiconductor material, significant cost reduction can be expected because of inexpensiveness of a material and simplicity of a device manufacturing process compared with those of inorganic semiconductors, e.g., crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, now in use. Furthermore, high-temperature processes become unnecessary and devices can be prepared by the use of coating technologies and printing technologies. Therefore, devices can also be provided on organic films, and driving devices of flexible displays and semiconductor devices of wearable computers are realized.
Inorganic semiconductors, e.g., crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, are used for photovoltaic devices now. However, the costs of solar cells prepared by the use of these inorganic semiconductors are higher than those of power-generation types, e.g., thermal power generation and nuclear power generation, and solar cells have not yet come into adequately widespread use. A primary factor responsible for the high cost is the process in which semiconductor thin films are manufactured in a vacuum at a high temperature. Consequently, development of an inexpensive manufacturing method allows significant cost reduction and, thereby, fast expansion of the solar cell market can be expected.
With respect to semiconductor materials, in general, carriers (electrons or holes) included in the materials are required to have high mobilities. However, conjugated polymers have a problem in that the mobilities are lower than those of inorganic crystalline semiconductors or amorphous silicon. Consequently, semiconductor devices, e.g., Field Effect Transistors (hereafter referred to as FETs) and photovoltaic devices, including conjugated polymers have a problem in that response times and output currents are inadequate. Therefore, application areas of organic semiconductors are significantly limited now and, in general, inorganic compounds, e.g., crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, and amorphous silicon, are used under the present circumstances.
With respect to a FET device, it is preferable that larger current flows between a source electrode and a drain electrode. The current becomes larger as the mobility becomes higher. For example, the current Is in the region at which a current flowing between a source electrode and a drain electrode becomes saturated relative to a gate voltage (hereafter referred to as a saturation current) is represented by the following equation.Is=(μCW/2D)(Vg−Vth)2  (1)
Here, μ represents a mobility, C represents a capacitance of an insulating material on the gate electrode, D and W represent a distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode and an electrode width, respectively. Vg represents a gate voltage, and Vth represents a gate voltage at which a saturation current begins to flow. As is clear from the equation (1), the saturation current of the FET increases as the mobility μ of the semiconductor material becomes higher.
The maximum operating frequency fm of the FET is roughly represented by the following equation, and driving can be carried out at a higher frequency as the mobility becomes higher.fm=μV/2πD2  (2)
Here, μ represents a mobility, V represents a voltage between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and D represents a distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
On the other hand, with respect to the organic photovoltaic device including a conjugated polymer, the largest problem is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than those of known inorganic semiconductors and, therefore, commercialization is not yet realized. The primary reasons for this are the facts that traps which capture carriers tend to be formed in organic semiconductors and, thereby, formed carriers tend to be captured by traps and the mobilities of the carriers are decreased, and that a bound state referred to as an exciton is formed, in which an electron and a hole formed by incident light are not readily separated from each other.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the mobilities of carriers in an organic semiconductor material constituting a semiconductor device, e.g., a transistors and a photovoltaic device, an organic semiconductor material prepared by the method, and an organic semiconductor device prepared by the use of the material.

Organic semiconductor material and organic semiconductor element employing the same including carbon nanotubes


Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for rapid identification and access to relevant regulatory documents. A data model relating regulatory mandates and requirements to citations appearing within an enforcement document is used to rapidly access specific citations within an enforcement document. In the case of image-based enforcement documents, the originality of these documents is preserved while allowing a user to see where the relevant citations appear in the document images.

For companies operating in highly-regulated industries, it is critical to stay on top of new regulations and regulatory enforcement actions. In order to do this, companies often hire outside legal vendors to provide updates on regulations, typically by manually tracking changes to the regulatory landscape. Legal advisors performing this manual tracking often need to identify regulatory citations across many documents from a variety of sources, such as agency websites and news outlets.
These documents may themselves be large and densely-packed with information. Legal advisors faced with unpacking the regulatory landscape by reviewing these documents are tasked with identifying which document is relevant, and which portions of relevant documents are themselves relevant.
For this reason, it is desirable to provide approaches to simplify identification of and access to relevant regulatory documents.
In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical or similar elements. Additionally, generally, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.


A multifunctional prosthetic heart valve tester having a circuit of fluid channels, wherein the circuit has a main loop of fluid channel capable of providing a first flow path for a testing fluid. There can be a first branch-off point on the main loop having a first branch channel branching off and fluidly connecting the main loop to a three-way connection. There is a second branch-off point on the main loop having a second branch channel branching off and fluidly connecting the main loop to the three-way connection. A third branch-off point is provided on the main loop having a third branch channel branching off and fluidly connecting the main loop to the three-way connection. There is linear motor and a steady-flow pump disposed on the circuit. Wherein selective shut off of certain channels and selective on/off of the linear motor/steady flow pump allows the device to test the prosthetic valve in the following modes: the steady forward flow mode, steady backward flow mode, pulsatile mode, and hybrid mode.

The advent of the prosthetic heart valve has provided many patients with both improved quality of life and increased longevity. The primary function of a prosthetic heart valve is to act as a check valve, opening to permit antegrade blood flow and closing to prevent retrograde flow, about one hundred thousand times a day. The valve elements move in response to a threshold pressure gradient in one direction, allowing flow through the valves, while closing in the opposite direction, preventing reverse flow below the threshold pressure gradient.
Prosthetic heart valves go through extensive testing and quality checks because failure of the valves in vivo can have catastrophic results. Certain characteristics such as durability, and proper fluid flow, are rigorously tested before a valve is deemed fit.
Evaluation of prosthetic heart valve on a production line is critical for quality assurance and improvement of valve manufacturing process
Therefore, there is an apparent need for a simple and compact system that facilitates multiple testing modes.

Hybrid heart valve function tester specifically designed for production evaluation of prosthetic heart valve products


In a microcomputer according to the present invention, output pulse levels are stored in bit coles corresponding to respective addresses of a memory circuit which are outputted from a timer circuit which uses a clock as a count source, and each bit output of the memory circuit is latched in synchronism with the clock and outputted to a port output circuit, so as to obtain a plurality of desired phase pulses having different cycles.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microcomputer comprising a circuit which generates a plurality of desired phase pulses having different cycles within a cycle of a timer circuit which uses a clock as a count source.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventionally, the circuit of a microcomputer which generates desired phase pulses within a cycle of a timer circuit which uses a clock as a count source is structured as shown in FIG. 5.
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 1 represents a timer circuit which uses a clock such as a clock outputted by a clock generating circuit, an external clock and a clock divided by a timer (hereinafter referred to as "clock A") as a count source, 7a and 7b registers for retaining desired setting data, 5a and 5b comparators for comparing the data of the registers 7a and 7b with the output of the timer circuit 1, 8 a flip-flop for setting and resetting a port output circuit with the outputs of the comparators 5a and 5b, and 4A a port output circuit for outputting the data to a port.
The operation of the microcomputer will be as follows. In FIG. 5, "5" and "A" are set in the registers 7a and 7b, respectively, as an example. When the timer circuit 1 becomes "5", the value coincides with the setting of the register 7a, and accordingly, the comparator 5a sets the flip-flop 8 so that "HIGH" is outputted to the port output circuit 4A. Next, when the timer circuit 1 becomes "A", the value coincides with the setting of the register 7b, the comparator 5b resets the flip-flop 8 so that LOW is outputted to the port output circuit 4A.
The timing chart of this operation is shown in FIG. 6.
Since the circuit of the conventional microcomputer for generating desired phase pulses is structured as described in the foregoing, a plurality of circuits shown in FIG. 5 are required to generate a plurality of desired phase pulses having different cycles with the result of a large chip area of a microcomputer.

Microcomputer with circuit for generating multiple pulses each having different frequencies


A fluorescent structure comprising a plurality of quantum dots that radiate emission in response to optical pumping. These quantum dots are disposed in relation to a waveguide so as to be able to propagate this emission through the waveguide. Preferably, the fluorescent structure comprises a layer of quantum dots sandwiched between two layers, at least one layer being optically transmissive to the pump radiate and at least one of the layers being optically transmissive to emission from the quantum dots.

The present invention relates to fluorescence, and more specifically, to structures comprising material that fluoresces when exposed to light.
Organic fluorescent dyes have been employed in structures comprising a plate of a material that is transparent to light. The material has an organic fluorescent dye distributed within its volume. The plate has a top surface and is surrounded by edges. The top surface of the transparent plate is oriented to receive the light. Light incident on this top surface penetrates into the plate and is absorbed by the organic fluorescent dye which in turn emits longer wavelength light having a narrow wavelength distribution. The light emitted by the fluorescent dye propagates through the plate to its edges. The plate is preferably thin so as to provide a large surface area for collecting light and has narrow edges where the light emitted from the fluorescent dye exits the plate. Large amounts of light can therefore be collected and concentrated into a smaller region. One disadvantage of such organic-based structures is that they have a short lifetime, lasting typically about 1-4 years. The organic fluorescent dyes contained within the structure decompose upon extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, which, for instance, is abundant in sunlight. Thus, there is a need for a structure for collecting light and converting it into high intensity narrow band illumination that is not rendered inoperative by UV light.
In one aspect of the invention, an apparatus comprises a layer of quantum dots that emits light in response to exposure to pump radiation and a waveguide which receives and guides light emitted by the layer of quantum dots.
In another aspect of the invention, a waveguide has a substantial number of quantum dots which emit light in response to pump radiation. The quantum dots are disposed in relation to the waveguide such that light emitted by the quantum dots is captured by the waveguide and guided therein.
In yet another aspect of the invention, a method of illumination comprises illuminating quantum dots disposed over a relatively large area with pumping radiation. These quantum dots are used to emit light in response to the pumping radiation. Light emitted by the quantum dots is collected and used to illuminate a relatively small surface area.

Lighting apparatus having quantum dot layer

Teledyne Lighting and Display Products, Inc.


A total internal reflection screen includes a light diffusion layer, a total internal reflection layer and a light absorption layer arranged sequentially from an incidence side of a projected light. The light absorption layer absorbs an incident light and the light diffusion layer increases a divergence angle of an emergent light. The total internal reflection layer includes a plurality of microstructure units that is rotationally symmetrical and extends continuously in a plane of the total internal reflection screen. Each of the microstructure units includes a first material layer disposed at the side of the light diffusion layer and a second material layer disposed at the side of the light absorption layer. The interface between the first material layer and the second material layer is includes two intersecting planes, which are disposed in such a way that the projected light is totally internally reflected continuously at the two intersecting planes.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
In recent years, with continuous improvement of brightness of a projector, advantages of a projection display system in large-size home theater applications have begun to manifest. Compared with LCD TVs and OLED TVs, the projection display system has a small size, is easy to install and can easily achieve a display screen larger than 100 inches, and the price of the entire system is relatively low.
In a home application environment, the projection display system is often installed in a living room. The living room usually has good natural lighting conditions and bright lighting sources, so there is a lot of ambient stray light. Generally, a projector screen can reflect both light of the projector and the ambient light. In such an environment, due to an influence of the ambient light, contrast of an image formed by the light reflected by the projection screen is much lower than contrast of the projector itself. To improve screen contrast under presence of the ambient light, at present, projection screens resistant to the ambient light are implemented by an array microstructure together with a light reflecting layer or a light absorbing layer.
However, since a dimension of the microstructure is very small, and a pitch is generally in a range of 25 to 250 microns, so that a process of selectively coating the optical functional layer on the surface of the microstructure is very complicated, the yield is low, and the optical efficiency is not high.

Total internal reflection screen and projection system