An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) array substrate and a display apparatus are provided. The OLED array substrate includes a plurality of OLEDs; the OLED includes an anode, a light-emitting layer and a cathode which are provided sequentially; the light-emitting layers are divided into a plurality of types by color (that is, the light-emitting layers are configured for emitting light of a plurality of colors), and are made of a host material and a guest material doped in the host material; and the OLED further includes an exciton blocking layer provided between the cathode and the light-emitting layer and in contact with the light-emitting layer, which is made of a host material of one light-emitting layer, and the host material of the one light-emitting layer has the biggest highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and the biggest triplet state energy level in the host materials of all light-emitting layers.

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) array substrate comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel has an organic light-emitting diode which can emit light of a specific color. FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of an existing organic light-emitting diode comprising an anode 1, a hole injection layer 2 (HIL), a hole transport layer 3 (HTL), a light-emitting layer 4 (EML), an electron transport layer 5 (ETL), an electron injection layer 6 (EIL) and a cathode 7 which are provided on a base substrate 9 (usually made of glass) sequentially.
The light-emitting layer is a core of the organic light-emitting diode, and made of a host material and a guest material doped in the host material. A highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the host material is greater than a HOMO energy level of the guest material, while a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the host material is less than a LUMO energy level of the guest material; and thus, when an electron and a hole are transported to the light-emitting layer, an exciton (an excited state molecule) is generated in the guest material. When the exciton falls back to a ground state, energy is released in a form of light, that is, light is emitted; a color of the light can be controlled by selecting the host material and the guest material.
In the light-emitting layer, the exciton has two excited states, a singlet state and a triplet state; time that a singlet state exciton falls from the excited state back to the ground state is short, so energy can be released in the form of light, and light is emitted; but a process of a triplet state exciton directly falling from the excited state back to the ground state is limited, and a relaxation time is long, so energy may be released in a non-light form (such as thermal energy, vibrational energy, etc.), resulting in lower luminous efficiency; and especially for a fluorescent light-emitting layer, there is no spin-orbit coupling unlike a phosphorescent light-emitting layer, so the triplet state exciton cannot emit light, resulting in that a theoretic luminous efficiency thereof is merely 25% (a generating ratio of the singlet state exciton to the triplet state exciton is 1:3).
Studies show that, the triplet state excitons can quench each other when energy can be released in the form of light, such that a luminous efficiency of the triplet state excitons is improved. In order to realize quenching between the triplet state excitons, it is necessary to add an "exciton blocking layer" in contact with the light-emitting layer in the organic light-emitting diode, and a HOMO energy level and a triplet state energy level of the layer cannot be less than the HOMO energy level and the triplet state energy level of the host material of the light-emitting layer; in this way, the triplet state excitons are limited in the light-emitting layer, the possibility of quenching among the triplet state excitons is increased, and the luminous efficiency is improved.
Inventors find that there are at least such problems in the prior art as follows: in an organic light-emitting diode array substrate, many layers are formed by a vapor deposition process, and the layers of different materials are fabricated by different vapor deposition devices (e.g., a vapor deposition chamber), respectively, so, if an exciton blocking layer is to be added, a corresponding vapor deposition device shall be added too, resulting in complex fabricating device and high cost; if no exciton blocking layer is provided, the luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting diode is relatively low.

Organic light-emitting diode array substrate and display apparatus


A band saw machine is adapted for cutting a lumber, and includes a frame body unit, a transport unit, a cutting unit, a cleaning unit and a guide unit. The frame body unit includes a base plate and a hood body extending rearward from the base plate and cooperating with a conveyor belt of the transport unit to define an output passage. The cutting unit is adapted to cut the lumber into an upper piece and a lower piece. The guide unit includes two guide rollers mounted to the hood body, extending into the outlet passage, and adapted to separate the upper piece from the lower piece. The cleaning unit includes an air lance for directing an air stream to the conveyor belt.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a conventional wood cutting band saw machine includes an upright base support 11, a cutting unit 12 disposed on the base support 11, and a transport unit 13 extending in a front-rear direction (A) through the base support 11.
The base support 11 includes a frame body 111 and a passage 112 that extends through the frame body 111.
The cutting unit 12 includes two cutter modules 121 disposed on the frame body 111 and spaced apart from each other in an up-down direction (B). Each cutter module 121 has a continuous band saw blade 122 that has a cutting section travelling alongside the passage 112.
The transport unit 13 includes a continuous conveyor belt 131 travelling through the passage 112 in the front-rear direction (A).
During cutting operation, a lumber 15 is laid on the conveyor belt 131 at an upstream side of the frame body 111, and is moved past the two continuous band saw blades 122 by the conveyor belt 131 to be cut into three pieces, that is, the upper, the top and the lower pieces in the thickness direction. These three pieces will continue to be carried downstream by the conveyor belt 131 through the passage 122 to complete the cutting operation.
However, in this conventional wood cutting band saw machine, sawdust (not shown) produced during cutting the lumber 15 will accumulate on the conveyor belt 133 and need to be cleaned regularly, otherwise it will affect the cutting effect. In addition, it takes time to clear away the sawdust attached to external surfaces of the three pieces of the lumber 15.


In the case of highly mobile vehicles overloading of the travelling pads (3) of crawler tracks frequently gives rise to incipient cracks in the base plate (14), which generally start from the bottom of the incision of the tongue. A long service life for the travelling pad (3) with base plate (14) is achieved by the base plate (14) being incision-free in the retaining region (10).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a crawler track link member which incorporates structure for the support of traveling pads, studs, snow or mud grippers or buoyancy aids.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
German published specification (DE-AS) No 16 05 509 discloses a caterpillar or crawler track link member having a plate-shaped slide-on portion in the form of a travelling pad. A base plate which is connected to the travelling pad has a stamped-out tongue which, when the travelling pad is pushed into the crawler track link member over an abutment projection until--after the travelling pad moves into a condition of abutment--the travelling pad slides forwardly until it drops in a latching relationship on the crawler track link member behind a projection.
That fixing principle is also known in relation to travelling pads in accordance with DE 33 35 937 C2 and DE 195 44 458 A1.
During travel of the track-laying vehicle, travelling pads of that kind are subjected to stresses due to high contact pressures, thrust loadings and high dynamic shock loadings. Particularly in the case of highly mobile vehicles, overloading frequently causes the base plate to be subjected to incipient cracks or fractures which generally start from the bottom of the incision of the tongue retaining portion. If the incipient cracks or fractures are not noticed sufficiently early or if travelling pads with base plates which have been subjected to incipient cracking or fracturing due to rubber wear are not removed, then the base plate encounters a complete rupture. Travelling pads with completely fractured base plates represent a potential danger since they can fly off the track when the vehicle is travelling.
Various endeavours have been undertaken to avoid or reduce the risk of an incipient crack or fracture. For that purpose for example the notch forming factor was introduced by providing a larger radius in the incision region of the tongue, and fixing the stamping direction in the cutting operation to avoid stress peaks on the flexural tensile side. An increase in the thickness of the initial sheet metal was also tried; however, it was not possible for those measure to provide a definitive solution to the cracking problem.


A computer-implemented transportation information management system and method permits entry, recording, and transmission of operation and maintenance data related to FAA recordkeeping and recording requirements within an SQL database. A secure website permits entry and display of operation and maintenance data as well as facilitating data input using input devices such as a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, a personal computer, and a portable computer. The system outputs aircraft operation and maintenance data, automatic alerts of pilot flight and duty time limitations, and flight tracking and monitoring information via a spreadsheet, electronic mail message, text message, and a completed FAA mandatory reporting requirement forms to the aforementioned data input devices. Operation and maintenance data is automatically and continuously transferred to the FAA to populate FAA flight tracking data systems and air traffic control data system.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to aircraft operation data management and in particular to an automated record-keeping system for aircraft owners and operators.
2. Description of the Related Art
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for the safety and efficiency of aviation in the United States of America. The FAA issues and enforces regulations regarding the operation and maintenance of aircraft. Compliance with the regulations requires record keeping by the aircraft owners and operators, and submission of such records to the FAA.
Operation and maintenance data subject to FAA recordkeeping and recording requirements includes, but is not limited to: pilot logbook entries; flight and duty time reports; personnel and aircraft flight time limitations; air crew medical information; rest requirements; duty and maintenance schedules, deadlines, operation limits, and reporting; training and maintenance due dates, and training requirements and compliance. Problems can arise for smaller operators who create and maintain records, for example, in paper format, which requires multiple redundant manual entries. The breadth and depth of the data subject to FAA recordkeeping and reporting requirements are extensive and time consuming. The resulting complexity can affect the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations.
Major airlines such as scheduled commercial carriers, and cargo haulers that fly large cargo aircraft, can design and manage the infrastructure necessary to comply with FAA reporting requirements. However, air carriers such as commuter airlines and on-demand carriers often do not have the capability of designing and maintaining an electronic and automated recording system.
Heretofore there has not been available a system or method for automated recordkeeping and data collection for aircraft owners and operators with the advantages and features of the present invention.

Transportation information management system


Methods and systems for secure electronic data communication over public communication networks. A secure data communication component may be utilized to implement a communication protocol. New versions of the data communication component may be generated, with each version containing a different communication protocol. Source code of the data communication component may be modified using a polymorph engine to create a functionally-equivalent component having a different code structure. An anti-phishing component may intercept a link in an electronic communication activated by a user, analyze the link and the electronic communication, determine a phishing risk to the user posed by the link, and direct the user to a location indicated by the link or redirect the user to a valid location. A server authentication component may detect and prevent DNS attacks, injections, and defacing activities.

Online identity theft, financial information theft, phishing, viruses, spyware, and other data communication-related malicious activities cost businesses, individuals, academic institutions, and governments billions of dollars each year. Further, such activities are also responsible for significant lost productivity, nuisance, and may inhibit use of online communication. Such activities plague not only users of commercial servers, but are also a major concern for users of other networks and systems including government computer systems, banking computer systems and online banking platforms, academic computer systems, and online retail platforms.
Various methods and systems have been proposed for user identification, authentication, and prevention of attacks and phishing schemes in the context of network data communication. These known techniques are typically based on a small number of simple mechanisms that have proven to be inadequate against sophisticated malicious and/or criminal activities. Further, these known techniques are incapable of adapting to advancements in the technology and skill of malicious entities, who have demonstrated an ability to rapidly adjust their techniques and methods.
Accordingly, a need exists for robust and adaptive systems and methods for detecting many forms of data-communication, phishing, and security-related threats, and for reacting to such detection by deactivating the detected threats and/or correcting their effects.

System and method for authentication, data transfer, and protection against phishing


Methods and apparatus for forming MEMS devices. An apparatus includes at least a portion of a semiconductor substrate having a first thickness and patterned to form a moveable mass; a moving sense electrode forming the first plate of a first capacitance; at least one anchor patterned from the semiconductor substrate and having a portion that forms the second plate of the first capacitance and spaced by a first gap from the first plate; a layer of semiconductor material of a second thickness patterned to form a first electrode forming a first plate of a second capacitance and further patterned to form a second electrode overlying the at least one anchor and forming a second plate spaced by a second gap that is less than the first gap; wherein a total capacitance is formed that is the sum of the first capacitance and the second capacitance. Methods are disclosed.

A MEMS sensor such as a gyroscope or accelerometer formed in a semiconductor process requires forming a movable structure with a certain mass. A relatively thick layer is provided and patterned to form a proof mass that is coupled to the remaining structures by flexible supports, which allow the mass to move in certain directions. Anchor structures are formed and some of the flexible supports are coupled to the anchor structures. The mass and the anchors, or sensing electrodes coupled to them, have portions that form plates of a variable capacitance. When the mass is displaced by motion, some of the capacitances increase and some decrease, depending on the direction of motion. By sensing the changes in the capacitances, an electrical signal that corresponds to the motion can be output. The gap spacing between the capacitive plates formed on or coupled to the mass and those of the anchors determines in part the characteristics of the capacitance. In prior approaches, this gap spacing is limited by the characteristics of an etch process used to form the structure, limiting the ability to form MEMS structures with the gap spacing needed to provide the required sensitivity in the MEMS device.
Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures generally refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated. The figures are drawn to clearly illustrate the relevant aspects of the embodiments and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Methods and apparatus for MEMS devices with increased sensitivity

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.


A stroller has two handle push rods, two front wheel support rods, two rear wheel support rods, two base rods, and two pivot joints. Each pivot joint is connected to the respective handle push rod, the respective front wheel support rod, and the respective rear wheel support rod. A seat positioning frame is disposed on the stroller. The seat positioning frame has a transverse frame and a longitudinal frame. The longitudinal frame is connected to the transverse frame. The longitudinal frame and the base rods are fastened by connectors. The transverse frame and the handle push rods are fastened by fasteners.

The present invention relates to a seat positioning frame of a stroller. More particularly, the present invention relates to a seat positioning frame of a stroller which can be disposed on a stroller stably.
A conventional stroller has a large seat which is not suitable for a small baby. It is dangerous to place a small seat on the conventional stroller if the small seat cannot be fastened on the conventional stroller stably.


The present invention comprises a cowling structure for a gas turbine aircraft engine which allows the aerodynamic characteristics of the inlet passageway to the engine to be varied in accordance with flight conditions. This structure includes an annular lip portion positioned at the front edge of the cowling defining an aerodynamically sharp contour and which is mounted on a set of support struts constructed for allowing the lip portion to be translated forwardly and backwardly from the forward edge of the cowling. The structure further comprises a mechanism for injecting pressurized air into the airflow along the trailing edges of these support struts in order to suppress turbulence induced in tha airflow such that noise as may be produced as a result of airflow is substantially decreased.

The geometry of the inlet structure and more particularly the shape of the cowling which defines the inlet passageway into an aircraft gas turbine engine has important effects on engine performance. As flight conditions for the aircraft vary, the character of the airflow approaching and entering the engine will change. To accommodate this variation, it is beneficial to vary the geometry of the inlet and the shape of the cowling. More particularly, at cruising speeds a cowling having a sharp aerodynamic surface helps to minimize drag and promote efficient airflow in and around the engine. This is especially true at high subsonic cruising speeds above mach 0.85 at which a contraction ratio (ratio between the area of the highlight cross section and the area at the throat of the inlet) of approximately 1.1 is necessary for performance. However, at slower speeds and higher angles of attack, the cowling defining the intake passageway should present a more blunt aerodynamic contour to the incoming airflow in order to prevent distortion of the airflow resulting in the formation of eddies when the air passes by the cowling structure as can seriously degrade engine performance. This tends to be true during takeoff and landing as high angles of attack are normal during these maneuvers and therefore a contraction ratio of approximately 1.25 or greater is considered necessary.
In the past, these problems have been addressed through the use of structures which define variable inlet geometries for aircraft gas turbine engines by changing the aerodynamic characteristics of the cowling surrounding the intake passageway in accordance with flight conditions. These structures have commonly comprised annular lips mounted on rails that may be translated forwardly from the cowling structure to allow a more blunt aerodynamic contour to be presented to the oncoming air. Such structures have been relatively successful in avoiding airflow distortion problems. However, they have, unfortunately, also been the source of substantial noise generated as a result of the interaction between the airflow and the support rails mounting the lip. This noise is generated during takeoff and landing when the lip is deployed in its forward position, and at a time when extra noise is least desirable since it may tend to disturb the public in and around the airport which the aircraft is approaching or leaving.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved system for efficiently varying the inlet geometry of the cowling defining the intake passageway of an aircraft gas turbine engine so that the aerodynamic contours of the cowling can be changed in accordance with flight conditions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved structure adapted for changing the aerodynamic contour of the cowling defining the intake passageway into a gas turbine engine of an aircraft, which structure is constructed and arranged to reduce the amount of noise generated by the interaction of the structure with the airflow into and around the engine.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved system for supporting operational structures for use in and around the intake passageway into an aircraft gas turbine engine, which system is adapted for noise reduction.

Translating lip aircraft cowling structure adapted for noise reduction


A document sheet with a removably attached object thereon having simplified inexpensive construction and having a reduced cross-sectional thickness enabling use of the sheet in printers without the risk of jamming the printer. The document sheet also allows both sides of the object to be printed prior to its removal from the sheet with preferably at least 60% of the rear surface being accessible for printing through the use of an indentation window.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a document sheet or a business form that is formed as a single sheet or part of a continuous web of interconnected sheets, where an indentation(s) are debossed into a front surface of the sheet and an object, such as a card, label, or coin, is releasably adhered to the sheet in the indentation. The indentation being in the shape of a frame with the periphery of the object connected to the indentation so as to enable the printing of both sides of both the document sheet and object.
(2) Background of the Invention
It is well known in the prior art to provide document sheets and business forms with removable labels and cards adhered to the sheets and forms. The various different types of sheets and forms with adhered cards range from business forms with removable, adhesive-free data cards secured to the front surface of the forms such as that disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,862, to business forms with removable, self-stick labels fabricated within the thickness of the forms as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,573.
Prior art document sheets and business forms of the type having data cards adhered to their front surfaces have been found to be disadvantaged in that the projecting height or thickness of the data card from the front surface of the sheet will, at times, cause the sheet to jam in a printing apparatus. Business forms and document sheets of the type where a self-adhesive label is fabricated within the thickness of the sheet often require the addition of an underlayment beneath the self-stick label. The cost of the underlayment and its attachment to the underside of the label and sheet contribute significantly to the overall cost of the document sheet. Further, because of the underlying support section, it is not generally possible to print on the rear of the label because the supporting sheet is in the way.
Other business forms have tried to accommodate two sided printing through the use of windows that are cut through the material of the supporting sheet (whether as an underlayment or the main document sheet) so as to allow printing of both sides. The problems with these windows has been that generally they only allow a small printable area of the rear to be printed while the entire front can be printed. In particular, those forms which have windows only allow about 50% of the back area to be printed with only about 65% of any given dimension available. While this is acceptable for many applications, it is regularly insufficient as the area is centered in the back of the card and the surrounding white space can make the printed area appear odd. Further, there is by necessity, a lot of unused space which cannot be printed. Further, those forms attempting to increase printable area on the back regularly have to use tape or other underlying support, again increasing the risk of jam.

Document sheet with recessed cavity and window to allow two-sided printing of an object received therein


A hollow mill tool comprising a shank portion and a plurality of radially spaced and axially extending tool posts integrally formed with and projecting from the shank portion. Each tool post has a longitudinal cutting insert mounting face and each mounting face defines a first plurality of axially extending serrations. A cutting insert is mounted on each mounting face and each insert has a second plurality of axially extending serrations defining a back face and intermeshing with the first plurality of serrations. A threaded fastener extends through a front face of each cutting insert and is received in each of the tool posts to securely hold each cutting insert against its tool post.

This invention relates to a hollow mill tool and more particularly to a mill tool which is adapted to mill the outside diameter of a cylindrical work piece with repeat cuts of the inserts within a tolerance of 0.001 inch.
Cutting inserts for milling tools are mounted in a variety of ways. Typical arrangements for mounting an insert on the tool holder pockets include the use of V-bottom inserts, top clamps, and adjustable mounts. The use of V-bottom inserts quickly wear out the tool holder pockets. Top clamps are positioned between tool posts to clamp the inserts against it""s tool post and, by being so positioned, tend to cause chip clearance problems. Adjustable cutter mounts are difficult to align precisely on the cutting diameter and they tend to stray from their adjusted positions during cutting operations.
This invention provides a hollow milling tool having a cylindrical shank portion and a plurality of radially spaced and axially extending tool posts integrally formed with and projecting from the shank portion about a longitudinal axis of the tool. Each tool post is provided with a cutting insert mounting face and each mounting face defines a first plurality of axially extending serrations. A cutting insert is mounted on each mounting face and each cutting insert is provided with a second plurality of axially extending serrations which define a back face of the insert. The insert serrations mesh with the serrations of the mounting face. A threaded fastener extends through a front face of each cutting insert and is threadedly received in each of the tool posts to securely hold each cutting insert against it""s tool post.
Each tool post has a mounting pocket for it""s cutting insert and clear radial spacing is provided between the tool posts for effective chip removal during a cutting operation.
A cutting insert may be provided on the shank and within the cutting circle of the milling tool to permit cutting and/or chamfering of an end of the workpiece.
The tool posts may be spaced unequally about the cutting circle to minimize harmonic vibrations at higher cutting speeds.


Presenting a search result to a user. One or more electronic documents are identified based on a search query received from a user. A search result is generated in response to identifying the one or more electronic documents. The search result includes presentation data regarding each of the identified electronic documents. An undesirable content of each of the presentation data of each of the identified electronic documents of the search result is identified. A format attribute of the presentation data of the identified undesirable content is modified. The search result including any modifications is then provided to the user.

The Internet has vast amounts of information distributed over a multitude of computers, hence providing users with large amounts of information on various topics. This is also true for a number of other communication networks, such as intranets and extranets. Although large amounts of information may be available on a network, finding the desired information may be difficult.
Search engines have been developed to address the problem of finding desired information on a network. Typically, a user who has an idea of the type of information desired enters one or more search terms to a search engine. The search engine then provides a search result, which includes a list of network locations (e.g., uniform resource locators (URLs)) that the search engine has determined to include an electronic document relating to the user-specified search terms. Alternately, a user may browse through information located on the network, as for example, when the user is not sure what information is wanted. Some search engines provide categories of information and categories within those categories for selection by the user, who may thus focus on an area of interest from these categories.
One problem associated with providing a search result to a user is that the provided search result may point to an electronic document that presents an undesirable content to the user. For example, depending on a particular search term, the search result may direct the user to an electronic document relating to sex education, mature content, pornography, gambling, hate speech, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, bomb-making, weapons, etc. To avoid presenting an electronic document having such an undesirable content to a user, presently available search engines collect electronic documents from a communications network and classify these electronic documents according to one or more categories. When such search engines generate a search result in response to a search term submitted by a user, they check the classifications of the collected electronic documents indexed in a memory area. If the classification of a particular electronic document suggests that the electronic document provides an undesirable content, existing search engines then exclude the electronic document from the search result. That is, such search engines filter the search result based on the classifications of the collected electronic documents. These search engines then present the filtered search result to the user.
Filtering the search result based on a classification of an electronic document may not effectively and efficiently filter a search result on its own. First, offline analysis of an electronic document for categorization is computationally expensive. For example, a presently available search engine may crawl and index fifty electronic documents per second if the search engine does not analyze the electronic documents for categorization. But if the search engine analyzes electronic documents to determine classifications of the electronic documents, the rate of crawling and indexing may be reduced to twenty-five electronic documents per second. Additionally, because of the vast amount of electronic documents that are collected from a communications network, existing search engines sometimes fail to accurately categorize some of the electronic documents. Thus, such search engines may fail to effectively exclude an electronic document having an undesirable content from a search result. Consequently, currently available search engines may still inadvertently present a search result that includes an undesirable electronic document to a user.
Moreover, presentation data (e.g., a title, description, URL, etc.) regarding an electronic document and presented by a search result may also include an undesirable content such as an offensive language. Presently available search engines fail to provide a mechanism to prevent presenting a search result that include undesirable presentation data to a user.
Accordingly, a solution that more effectively provides a search result without presenting an undesirable content to a user is desired.

Presentation-level content filtering for a search result


A first system may receive a view from a second system. The first system may establish a direct wireless communication link with the second system that does not connect through any intermediate system between the first system and the second system. Through the direct wireless communication link, the first system sends a view sharing request to the second system. The view sharing request may specify a view that is displayed by the second system and not the first system. The first system may receive view information corresponding to the view and display the view according to the received view information.

In a dynamic wireless network environment, resources and their associated users may generally freely enter and leave a wireless network. For example, a user of a portable computer resource may enter a conference room having a personal area network. Also for example, a user of an office computing station may explicitly command the office computing station to join a dynamic wireless network. Additionally, for example, a portable network resource having power save capability may exit a dormant power save state and begin participating in a wireless communication network.
Various users in such a dynamic wireless communication network may desire to communicate a variety of information with other users in the dynamic network. In various scenarios, for example, a team of users may contribute to the creation of a common document or presentation.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


An image forming method includes discharging a droplet of a recording fluid via nozzles of a recording head onto a print medium; performing a main scan in which the print medium is scanned in a main scan direction; performing a sub-scan in which the print medium is scanned in a sub-scan direction; determining an overlap region in an image region that is formed by a single main scan; and performing an overlap control by forming an image in the overlap region through a plurality of main scans while the print medium is moved in the sub-scan direction by a feed amount L, wherein L=(n−x)d−md, where n is a number of the nozzles in the recording head; x is a number of the nozzles in the overlap region; d is a nozzle pitch; and m is a feed correcting coefficient (0<m<1).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to image forming methods and image forming apparatuses. More particularly, the invention relates to the reduction of a banding problem in an overlap region in a printed medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are various image forming apparatuses, such as printers, facsimile machines, copiers, and multifunction peripherals (MFP). An inkjet printer is one type of image forming apparatus that typically has a recording head configured to discharge a droplet of recording fluid (such as ink) onto a print medium, such as a sheet of paper, thereby forming an image on the print medium. The "print medium" is not limited to any particular material and may be herein referred to as a "sheet", a "recorded medium", "print medium", "transfer material", or "recording paper". To "form" an image is synonymous with "recording", "printing", "transferring", or "transcribing" an image by causing a recording fluid to attach to a print medium.
In an inkjet printer, the recording head may have multiple nozzles for discharging ink droplets in order to realize a high-speed printing (i.e., image-forming) operation. In a serial-type inkjet printer, ink droplets are discharged while the recording head is moved in a direction ("main-scan direction") perpendicular to a direction in which the print medium is transported ("sub-scan direction"). In order to achieve high image quality, a multi-pass method may be adopted, whereby the same region in the sheet is scanned in a main-scan direction more than once ("multiple scan") by the same group of nozzles or different groups of nozzles. However, the multi-pass method is subject to limited print speed due to its need to scan in two directions, i.e., the main-scan direction and the sub-scan direction. Thus, there is a need for increasing printing speed of an inkjet printer.
The printing speed of an inkjet printer may be increased by moving the recording head in only one direction (such as in the sheet-feeding direction). However, this requires a recording head having a width greater than the width of the sheet. Desirably, such a wide recording head should have the nozzles arranged in a row at certain intervals ("line type"). There is, however, a limit to the number of nozzles that can be provided to the recording head due to cost and manufacturing technology reasons. Thus, in many cases, a plurality of recording heads are used in combination, each recording head having a certain number of nozzles.
One problem associated with this solution is that those multiple recording heads can be joined together with only limited accuracy, and the nozzle-to-nozzle distance between adjacent recording heads cannot be made completely uniform. As a result, if the nozzle-to-nozzle distance is too large, a white line may be caused by a reduced amount of ink, while a dark line may be caused by excessive amount of ink if the nozzle-to-nozzle distance is too small. The appearance of such lines in the printed medium is referred to as "banding".
In order to prevent such banding phenomenon, an overlap may be provided at the joint of adjacent recording heads. An "overlap region" in the present disclosure refers to a region where more than one nozzle is assigned for generating a single dot. The overlap region may include a region that is scanned in the main-scan direction multiple times by a single recording head, or a region formed at a head-joint portion of a plurality of recording head members. However, in such an overlap region, because there are two or more nozzles corresponding to a dot according to data, the dot is produced by multiple nozzles unless some control is exerted, resulting in the development of banding due to increased density in the overlap region.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2005-41008 ("Patent Document 1"), for example, discloses a recording apparatus in which the sheet feed amount is varied when printing adjacent dots in the same main-scan line in the overlap region through different main-scan passes. However, the technology according to Patent Document 1 does not specify in which sub-scan direction the dots in the same main-scan line in the overlap region are shifted, and cannot prevent banding sufficiently.

Image forming method and image forming apparatus


A processor that dynamically remaps logical cores to physical cores is disclosed. In one embodiment, the processor includes a plurality of physical cores, and is configured to store a mapping of logical cores to the plurality of physical cores. The processor further includes an assignment unit configured to remap the logical cores to the plurality of physical cores subsequent to a boot process of the processor. In some embodiments, the assignment unit is configured to remap the logical cores in response to receiving an indication that one or more of the plurality of physical cores have entered an idle state. The processor may be configured to load a first of the plurality of physical cores with an execution state of a second of the plurality of physical cores upon the first physical core exiting an idle state.

1. Technical Field
This disclosure relates generally to processors, and, more specifically, to distributing workloads across multiple processor cores.
2. Description of the Related Art
Prolonging the longevity of integrated circuits is often an important design goal, as customers, in many instances, want circuits that can operate reliably for extensive periods and under significant stress. Developers thus attempt to account for a variety of factors that affect the lifetime of integrated circuits.
One important factor that affects the life expectancy of processors is the workload that a processor experiences over time. Processors that run for extensive periods under a high workload (such as processors used in server systems) may experience greater amounts of silicon stress tied to electromigration, dielectric breakdown, or thermally induced wear. These factors, in turn, may significantly shorten a processor's lifetime. Accordingly, reducing a processor's workload may be desirable, in some instances, to improve its life expectancy.


An tread depth measuring system includes a tread measuring apparatus, a processor, a supporter, and a warning apparatus. The tread measuring apparatus is positioned on the ground and configured to measure a tread depth. The processor is coupled to the tread measuring apparatus and configured to compare the tread depth measured by the tread measuring apparatus with a preset critical depth. The supporter stands on the ground. The warning apparatus is supported by the supporter and coupled to the processor. When the tread depth measured by the tread measuring apparatus is less than the preset critical depth, the processor sends a control signal to actuate the warning apparatus.

Cars are important means of transportation nowadays. Tread are provided on a tire of a car and play an important role for driving safety. Such as the tread may increase braking force and/or driving force, avoid sliding, or may drain water and keep grip ability and so on. Shallow tread may cause traffic hazards and even lead to major accidents.


A door hinge assembly is provided for an enclosure including a housing having a panel member, and a plurality of sides extending outwardly from the panel member to define an interior and an opening for providing access to the interior. The door hinge assembly includes a generally planar portion covering the opening of the housing of the enclosure, at least one side flange portion extending outwardly from the generally planar portion toward the housing of the enclosure and including a number of bends forming at least one first hinge element, and at least one second hinge element disposed at or about one of the sides of the housing to pivotably receive a corresponding first hinge element. The side flange portion, including the first hinge element thereof, is a single continuous piece of material. The door hinge assembly is movable between an open position and a closed position.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to enclosures and, more particularly, to door hinge assemblies for electrical enclosures. The invention also relates to electrical enclosures employing door hinge assemblies.
2. Background Information
Electrical equipment such as, for example, relays, circuit breakers, electric meters and transformers, are typically housed within an enclosure such as, for example, a housing, such as a box or cabinet, to protect the electrical equipment. When such electrical equipment is disposed outdoors, it must be protected from the environment, for example, to prevent electrical faults caused by moisture. Accordingly, outdoor electrical enclosures are provided with a variety of moisture-resistant devices such as hoods and/or overlapping covers, and adjustable doors.
FIG. 1 shows an example of one such enclosure. Specifically, an outdoor electrical enclosure 2 is shown which generally comprises a housing 4 having opposing sides 6,8, a back panel 10 extending between the sides 6,8, a bottom 12, a hood 14, and a door 16. The door 16 is coupled to side 6 of the housing 4 by way of a pair of telescopic hinge assemblies 18. The telescopic hinge assemblies 18 are structured to permit the door 16 to be adjusted in the vertical direction for providing a proper moisture-resistant fit with respect to the hood 14, such that the hood 14 partially covers or overlays the top of the door 16 when the door 16 is closed. Telescopic hinges are discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,879,483 issued on Apr. 12, 2005 to Johnson et al., entitled "Outdoor Electrical Enclosure and Hood Therefor." Each telescopic hinge assembly 18 includes a hinge pin 20, which is coupled to the side 6 of the enclosure housing 4, and a corresponding hinge bracket 22. The hinge brackets 22 are separate components which are suitably fastened to the side flange 24 of the door 16, typically by welding (e.g., spot welding). Each hinge bracket 22 includes a curled tubular portion 26 structured to pivotably receive a corresponding one of the hinge pins 20, and a flange 28 which is welded to the door side flange 24. Similar multi-component hinge assemblies (not shown) are employed for pivotable doors (not shown) which are not required to be telescopic in nature, with the primary difference of such doors being only that the pins (not shown) are not structured to provide vertical movement of the door 16.
Such multi-component hinge assemblies (e.g., 18) suffer from a number of unique disadvantages which are, in large part, related to the nature of their construction. Specifically, properly aligning the separate hinge brackets 22, which are welded to the side flange 24 of the door 16, requires the use of locating protrusions or nibs 30 on the flange 28 which are received in corresponding locating holes (not shown) on the side flange 24. This structure and associated assembly process is cost-intensive and time-consuming. Additionally, the weld process is subject to human error, and can lend to problems having a negative impact on part quality and accuracy. For example, the weld area can be easily contaminated, compromising the integrity of the weld, and weld spatter can enter the curled tubular portions 26 of the hinge brackets 22 thus inhibiting its interaction with the hinge pins 20. Additionally, despite the aforementioned locating nibs 30 and holes (not shown), slight errors in alignment can occur and impede proper function of the hinge assembly 18 and door 16.
Another problem with known electrical enclosures is that the door can come open when it is desired that the door remain closed. For example, in outdoor applications, it is desirable to consistently maintain the door in a closed position in order to avoid the undesired entry of moisture and/or debris. Wind can undesirably open the door and, in some mounting configurations, for example, where the surface or structure to which the enclosure is mounted is not straight and level, the uneven mounting arrangement of the enclosure can cause the door to undesirably open.
Accordingly, there is room for improvement in electrical enclosures, and in door hinge assemblies therefor.

Door hinge assembly and enclosure employing the same


A lighting device including a glass tube; a solid state lighting assembly in said glass tube, said assembly including an electrically insulating optical film having at least one arcuate portion lining a part of the inner surface of the glass tube, wherein the glass tube includes a further part defining a light exit portion; and a plurality of solid state lighting elements on a carrier, said carrier contacting said optical film; a thermally conductive member in between at least a part of the solid state lighting assembly and the glass tube for thermally coupling the solid state lighting elements to the glass tube; and a transparent or translucent electrically insulating cover contacting the electrically insulating optical film and covering the solid state lighting elements. A luminaire including such a lighting device and a lighting device assembly method are also disclosed.

With a continuously growing population, it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet the world's energy needs as well as to control carbon emissions to kerb greenhouse gas emissions that are considered responsible for global warming phenomena. These concerns have triggered a drive towards more efficient energy consumption in an attempt to reduce energy consumption.
One such area of concern is lighting applications, either in domestic or commercial settings. There is a clear trend towards the replacement of traditional incandescent light bulbs, which are notoriously energy inefficient, with more energy-efficient replacements. Indeed, in many jurisdictions the production and retailing of incandescent light bulbs has been outlawed, thus forcing consumers to buy energy-efficient alternatives, e.g. when replacing incandescent light bulbs.
A particular promising alternative is provided by solid state lighting (SSL) devices, which can produce a unit luminous output at a fraction of the energy cost of incandescent light bulbs. An example of such a SSL element is a light emitting diode.
WO 2011/132120 A1 discloses a lighting device and a method to manufacture such a lighting device. The inventive concept is based on manufacturing a lighting device on an at least partly flexible sheet assembly which is rolled into a tube, such that the light source of the lighting device is arranged within the tube. The flexible sheet assembly is arranged such that the tube provides a light mixing chamber and light exit surface for the lighting device.
However, a particular problem associated with such tubular lighting devices is that upon fracturing of the glass tube the exposed electrical components such as the SSL elements may still be live, which therefore poses the risk of serious injury or even death by electrical shock if the live components are touched by someone. Moreover, the assembly of such tubular lighting devices can be cumbersome, and the amount of time and effort required to insert the flexible sheet assembly into the tubular body may result in an undesirable increase in the manufacturing cost of the lighting device.

Lighting device, luminaire and lighting device assembly method


A system arranged to authenticate a user via its mobile device to a service provider, the system comprising: an authentication server; the user mobile device, the user mobile device provided with a verification application arranged to communicate with the authentication server; and a notification server in communication with the authentication server and arranged to transmit a notification to the user mobile device responsive to the authentication server, the authentication server arranged to provide a signed authentication to the service provider responsive to present and historical information regarding one of: the user mobile device; and an additional user device in communication with said authentication server, said signed authentication provided in accordance with a rule set determined by an authorized entity stored on said authentication server memory governing the required present and historical information attribute.

As the amount of online presence of individuals continues to increase, identity theft is rapidly becoming a major problem. Most user have difficulty maintaining a strict regimen of regularly changed strong passwords, leading to a situation where an easily guessed, or misappropriated, password may be utilized to gain access to another users private information.
Furthermore, software arranged to steal passwords, has been developed, with a sole intent of misappropriating passwords. Such fraudster software has become quite sophisticated in its approach, with multiple angles of attack.
Mobile devices (MDs) are increasingly being used for more than voice communication due to their ubiquity, available screen and input devices. An MD as used herein includes any electronic MD used for personal functionalities such as multimedia playing, data communication over a network or voice communication. One embodiment of an MD is a mobile station, also known as a mobile communication device, mobile phone, mobile telephone, hand phone, wireless phone, cell phone, cellular phone, cellular telephone, mobile handset or cell telephone.
With the development of IEEE 802.11, and the broad establishment of the resultant wireless networks, various MDs have been developed which communicate over available wireless networks in addition to cellular telephone capabilities. Furthermore, various MDs have been developed with the ability to access the Internet both over a wireless network and/or over a cellular network.
The location of an MD in real time is rapidly become a standard feature in MD technology. In certain embodiments, the location of an MD is identified responsive to real time positioning equipment within the MD, or in communication therewith, such as a global positioning system (GPS) peripheral. In other embodiments, the location of an MD is identified responsive to multilateration from a number of antennas, or by determination of network connection information.
The incidence of identity theft has rapidly become a source of major concern. The increase sophistication of fraudulent software, and the increased prevalence of electronic identification, has combined to make this a major threat to the increased use of electronic transactions.
What is needed, and is not provided by the prior art, is a system and method for providing security for transactions, preferably without requiring a strict password regimen. Furthermore, such a system and method is preferably hardened against fraudster software, and preferably executes on line without excessive delay. Preferably, such a system provides for positive identification of a user.

System and method for transaction security responsive to a signed authentication


An absorbent article having a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction, a front portion, a rear portion, and a crotch portion located between the front portion and the rear portion. The article includes an absorption member having an upper side intended to face a wearer during use of the article and a lower side intended to face away from the wearer during use of the article, and a stiffening element that, at least during use of the article, provides the article with a predetermined shape that enhances the fit of the article to the wearer's body. The stiffening element is secured to the lower side of the absorption member such that an outer side of the stiffening element faces away from the absorption member. The stiffening element includes a material exhibiting mechanical fastening properties at least on a part of the outer side of the stiffening element.

Absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, incontinence guards, panty-liners, diapers etc., are known in the art. An important function of absorbent articles is to prevent leakage of body exudates during use of the article. Generally, the article should fit well to the user and stay in place during use. This also enhances the user comfort.
With regard to at least sanitary napkins, incontinence guards and panty-liners, it is previously known to provide the article with stiff or elastic shaping elements that provide the article with a shape that improves the fitting and the ability to stay in place during use. In general, a stiff shaping element has the advantage that the shape of the article is predetermined and maintained during use. On the other hand, stiff shaping elements should be designed with particular care in order not to cause discomfort during use of the article. It is also known to provide the underside of sanitary napkins and similar absorbent articles with fastening means, such as adhesives, for attachment to the user's garments.
WO 0117474 discloses an example of an absorbent article in the form of a sanitary napkin, a panty liner or an incontinence protector, wherein the rear portion of the article includes a longitudinally extending ridge-shaped elevation forming a stiff shaping element that partially extends between the wearer's buttocks during use of the article. This provides good protection against rearward leakage.
WO 98/22061 discloses an absorbent article in the form of a sanitary napkin having stiff front and crotch portions wherein the front portion is curved and inclined upwards, towards the user, with respect to the crotch portion. Further, the article has a narrow waist in the crotch portion allowing a high stiffness without causing discomfort. The desired stiffness is achieved by e.g. including a rigid shape-retaining, spoon-shaped, plastic or metal layer inside the article. The article according to WO 98/22061 is intended to be kept securely and comfortably in position against the body of the user during use, without the need for particular attachment means.
EP 1395218 discloses an adsorbent article in the form of a sanitary towel or incontinence pad including a combined, flat stiffening and absorbent element arranged inside the article, which element gives the article in different regions a predetermined two- or three-dimensional shape (including curvature, bowl-shape and a raised part between the buttocks of the wearer) during use of the article, i.e. when the article is affected by compressive forces generated by the thighs of the wearer. In similarity to WO 98/22061, the front and crotch portions are designed to allow anchoring of the article to thigh muscle tendons, which gives the article a good fit and stability in the fitted position.
Although the known absorbent articles with stiffening elements in many cases provide for a good fit, there still remains a need to further develop this type of absorbent articles.

Absorbent article comprising a detachable stiffening element


A fluid ejection controller interface includes output logic to receive control data packets, each control data packet including a set of primitive data bits and a set of random bits. The fluid ejection controller interface includes counter logic to cause the output logic to output modified control data packets to a fluid ejection controller of a fluid ejection device.

Many printing devices include at least one fluid ejection device (e.g., print head) designed to house cartridges filled with fluid (e.g., ink or toner in the case of an inkjet printing device, or a detailing agent in the case of a three dimensional printing device). The fluid ejection devices further include at least one nozzle via which the fluid is dispensed from the cartridges onto a substrate (e.g., paper). When printing a document, the print engine controller of the printing device may send commands to the fluid ejection devices that control when the individual nozzles of the fluid ejection devices "fire" or dispense fluid.

Modifying control data packets that include random bits

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


An ink jet recording head is disclosed. The recording head includes a plate member provided with discharge openings for discharging ink and a head main body having an ink channel communicating with the discharging openings. The head main body is bonded to the plate member at a bonding surface and an uneven portion including a protruding portion and a recessed portion is formed at the bonding surface between the plate member and the head main body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ink jet recording head which performs recording of an image onto a recording medium by discharging ink through a discharging opening, particularly to an ink jet recording head equipped with a discharging opening forming member having said discharging opening formed thereon.
Also, the present invention relates to an ink jet recording device provided with the ink jet recording head equipped with said discharging opening forming member.
2. Related Background Art
FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the external constitution of an ink jet recording device. In FIG. 1, 1 is an ink jet recording head which records a desired image by discharging ink based on a given recording signal (hereinafter called a recording head), 2 is a carriage which scans and moves in the recording line direction indicated by double-headed arrow B (main scanning direction) with the above head 1 carried thereon. The above carriage 2 is slidably supported by the guide shafts 3. 4 and moves in a reciprocal fashion in the main scanning direction as associated with the timing belt 8. The above timing belt 8 engaged with pulleys 6, 7 is driven by the carriage motor 5 through the pulley 7.
The recording paper 9 is guided by the paper pan 10 and conveyed with a paper delivering roller (not shown) pressure contacted with the pinch roller. This conveying is done by the paper delivering motor 16 as the driving source. The recording paper 9 being conveyed has tension applied thereto by the discharging paper roller 13 and the spur 14 to be pressure contacted against the heater 11 by the paper pressing plate 12 formed of an elastic member, and hence conveyed while being closely contacted with the heater 11. The recording paper 9, having ink jetted from the head 1 attached thereto is warmed by the heater 11, and &he attached ink is fixed onto the recording paper 9 through evaporation of water.
Reference numeral 15 represents a unit called a restoration system, which maintains the discharging characteristic of the ink under normal conditions by removing any foreign matter or ink increased in viscosity attached on the discharging opening (not shown) of the recording head 1.
On the recording region side of the restoration system unit 15, there is provided a cleaning blade 17 for cleaning foreign matter or ink droplets attached on the discharging opening surface, which is in contact with the surface on which the discharging opening of the recording head 1 is formed.
The recording head 1 mounted on the ink jet recording device as described above includes a discharging opening forming member 26 having a plurality of fine ink discharging openings 27 formed as shown in FIG. 2 (hereinafter called an orifice plate) and a head main body 29 provided with ink channels 24 communicating with the above discharging openings 27. And, a part of the above ink channels 24 is provided with an ink discharging energy generating member (not shown) utilized for discharging ink through the discharging openings 27. For example, when a heat energy generating element which generates heat energy is used as the energy generating member, ink is discharged through the discharging openings by utilizing the abrupt pressure change created by &he bubbles formed by the heat energy.
In the prior art, for the orifice plate 26 constituting the above recording head 1, a flat plate having discharging openings formed at predetermined positions has been used. The orifice plate 26 and the head main body 29 have been secured and bonded by use of a method such as pressure application for example after coating the entire surface of the bonding surface 26a of the orifice plate 26 or the bonding surface 25 on the side of the head main body 29 with a bonding agent and then effecting registration between the two. The bonding surface between the orifice plate 26 and the head main body 29 has been made as a flat plane in order to improve adhesion between the two.
However, in the above recording head 1, since the bonding agent intervening between the orifice plate 26 and the head main body 29 shrinks when hardened, stress is generated between these. Also, because there is a difference in the thermal expansion coefficient among the orifice plate 26, the bonding agent and the head main body 29, for example, stress is generated between these in a recording head of the type which utilizes heat energy as the ink discharging energy.
For example, the thermal expansion coefficients and curing shrinkages of borosilicate glass 7740 mentioned below as the material constituting the head main body 29, nickel mentioned below as the material constituting the orifice plate 26 and the two-liquid type epoxy formulated bonding agent Three Bond 2001 (main agent)/2105F (curing agent) mentioned below as the bonding agent used for effecting bonding of the both are shown below in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Thermal expansion coefficient (.times. 10.sup.-7 / Constituent material .degree.C.) Curing shrinkage (%) ______________________________________ Borosilicate glass 32.5 -- Nickel 76 -- Bonding agent 750 2-3 ______________________________________
As is apparent from Table 1, there is 2 to 3% of curing shrinkage of the bonding agent, and the thermal expansion coefficients&are greatly different within the range of one order.
Therefore, there is sufficiently a concern that the stress as described above may be generated.
When such stress occurs between the respective constituent materials, deformation or destruction of the recording head such as distortion, fracture, crack, peeling, etc. is liable to occur, whereby resistance to environment, long term reliability or durability of the recording will deteriorate. Also, in such a recording head, lowering in uniformity of ink droplets or precision of discharging direction, etc. may arise resulting in disturbance of recorded images.
On the other hand, as the constitution which prevents the bimetal effect caused by the stress at the bonding portion, there is one described in Japanese Patent Application No. 56-162079 (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 58-63473, Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-12234).
The above arrangement absorbs the bimetaI effect occurring between the substrate 71 and the mounting plate 72 with the layer of the above adhesive 73 by forming a groove 74 on the mounting plate 72 on which the substrate 71 mounting the heat-generating element 73 is mounted, as shown in FIG. 3, filling an adhesive 73 having rubbery elasticity during curing into the groove 74 and adhering the mounting plate 72 to the substrate 71.
Whereas, when prevention of generation of stress by filling an adhesive having rubbery elasticity into the groove is applied to the ink jet recording head, there is a specific concern that ink may seep out by application of stress on the above adhesive.
For solving this problem, when an adhesive having the characteristic of excellent ink resistance and which is increased in hardness by curing is filled in the groove, the stress absorbed by the rubbery elasticity of the adhesive becomes unabsorbed, whereby there is no resultant effect of buffering the stress.
Accordingly, one may consider choosing a bonding agent excellent in ink resistance and having rubbery elasticity or choosing materials in order to reduce the curing shrinkage of the bonding because of the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the respective constituent materials. However, it is very difficult to find materials which satisfy all of the various conditions of workability, bondability, ink resistance, etc.

Ink jet recording head equipped with a discharging opening forming member including a protruding portion and a recessed portion


The present invention relates to a memory on a silicon microchip, having a serial input/output, an integrated memory array addressable under N bits, and at least one register that is read accessible, after applying a command for reading the register to the memory. The memory stores a most significant address allocated to the memory within an extended memory array wherein the memory is incorporated or intended to be incorporated. A master memory signal is generated based on the most significant address allocated to the memory. A central processing unit executes a command for reading the register and supplies the content of the register to the serial input/output of the memory only if the memory is the master memory within the extended memory array. The memory includes slave memories whose operation depends upon the read/write status of the master memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to serial memories on silicon microchips, and more particularly to the production of an extended memory array by juxtaposition of a plurality of serial memories.
2. Description of the Related Art
The memories integrated into silicon chips have an integrated memory array of limited size, generally lower than the memory space required by certain applications. For example, computer peripherals such as printers require high-capacity memories to store large amounts of data. As a result, it is common practice to group together several silicon microchips to form extended memory arrays constituted by the juxtaposition of the integrated memory arrays present in each of the memories. This grouping generally involves stacking silicon microchips in a single case or stacking cases each comprising a silicon microchip.
FIGS. 1 and 2A, 2B show two classical methods enabling an extended memory array to be produced, respectively with parallel-type and serial memories.
In FIG. 1, four identical memories PMEM1, PMEM2, PMEM3, PMEM4 of parallel input/output type are grouped together to obtain an extended memory array. The memories each comprise an integrated memory array addressable under N bits (not shown). Each memory comprises N address inputs AIN−1-AI0 in parallel, connected to the N least significant address wires of an address bus ADB. The address bus comprises N+2 address wires, required by the addressing of the extended memory array the size of which is here four times that of the memory arrays integrated into the silicon microchips. The selection of each memory within the extended memory array is performed by means of a selecting input CS ("Chip Select") provided on each silicon microchip. For this purpose, the two most significant wires of the address bus ADB are applied to an address decoder ADEC which supplies four selecting wires CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4, each selecting wire being connected to the input CS of a memory.
This example shows that the production of an extended memory array by means of integrated circuits with parallel inputs results in an unacceptable increase in the number of jumper wires so as to be able to individually select the memories within the extended memory array.
FIG. 2A relates more specifically to the technical field of the present invention and represents an extended memory array produced with four identical serial input/output memories SMEM1, SMEM2, SMEM3, SMEM4, or serial memories, the structure of which is schematically shown in FIG. 2B.
Each memory SMEM comprises a serial input/output 10, an input/output circuit IOCT, a central processing unit UC, an address counter ACNT of N bits and an integrated memory array MA addressable under N bits (FIG. 2B). The circuit IOCT is linked to the serial input/output 10 and transforms data received in serial form into parallel data, and vice versa. Each serial input/output 10 is connected to a data wire DTW (FIG. 2A) common to all the memories, which conveys commands, addresses and data in serial form at the same time. Each memory also comprises two inputs IP1, IP0 the electric potential of which is adjusted so as to allocate a determined most significant address to each memory. For example, the two inputs IP1, IP0 of the memory SMEM1 are taken to a supply voltage Vcc to allocate the most significant address "11" to the memory, the inputs IP1, IP0 of the memory SMEM2 are respectively taken to the voltage Vcc and to the ground (GND) to allocate the most significant address "10" to the memory, the inputs IP1, IP0 of the memory SMEM3 are taken to the ground and to the voltage Vcc to allocate the most significant address "01" to the memory and the inputs IP1, IP0 of the memory SMEM4 are taken to the ground to allocate the most significant address "00" to the memory.
Each memory within the extended memory array is selected by sending to the memories commands of the type [OPCODE, I1, I0, AD] comprising an operation code OPCODE, two bits I1, I0 forming a most significant address, and an address AD of N bits forming a least significant address, the most significant address forming, together with the address AD, an extended address. The central processing unit of each memory executes the operation codes OPCODE present in the commands received if the most significant address I1 I0 corresponds to the most significant address IP1 IP0 allocated to the memory. In the case of a read command, the address counter ACNT applies the N address bits AN−1-A0 present in the command to the memory array MA, while the central processing unit applies a read signal to the memory array.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,303,201 and 5,895,480 disclose memories of the aforementioned type, wherein the address counter (an address buffer in U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,480) is an extended address counter (or an extended address buffer) that receives an extended address instead of receiving only the least significant address. These memories work substantially in the same way as the memory described above, in that the most significant address received by the counter or the address buffer is compared to the most significant address allocated to the memory, and in that a read command is not executed if the most significant address present in an extended address is not identical to the most significant address allocated to the memory.
In summary, the usual method for obtaining an extended memory array involves providing memories capable of "self-identifying" themselves upon receiving a command comprising an extended address, and not executing the command if the most significant address included in the extended address is not identical to the most significant address allocated to the memory. This method is advantageous as far as the number of electric interconnections is concerned, but the extended memory array obtained does not have a unitary character, as far as the execution of a continuous read command is concerned, for example. Therefore, a continuous reading of the extended memory array first of all requires sending to the first memory SMEM1 a command for continuously reading its integrated memory array, such a command comprising the operation code of the command, the most significant address 1,1 of the memory SMEM1, and the least significant address AD0 designating the memory area in which the continuous reading must be initialised in the integrated memory array. Similar commands having appropriate identification bits must then be sent to the other memories, i.e., in total four commands to read the entire extended memory array.

Serial memory comprising means for protecting an extended memory array during a write operation


A wideband receiver system comprises a wideband analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module and a digital frontend (DFE) module. The wideband ADC is configured to concurrently digitize a band of frequencies comprising a plurality of desired channels and a plurality of undesired channels. The DFE module is coupled to the digital in-phase and quadrature signals. The DFE module is configured to select the plurality of desired channels from the digitized band of frequencies, and generate an intermediate frequency (IF) signal comprising the selected plurality of desired channels and having a bandwidth that is less than a bandwidth of the band of frequencies, where the generation comprises frequency shifting of the selected plurality of desired channels. The IF signal may be a digital signal and the DFE is configured to output the IF signal via a serial or parallel interface.

This invention relates to wideband receiver systems and methods having a wideband receiver that is capable of receiving multiple radio frequency channels located in a broad radio frequency spectrum. In particular, the invention relates to wideband receiver systems that are capable of receiving multiple desired television channels that extend over multiple non-contiguous portions of the broad frequency spectrum and grouping them into a contiguous, or substantially-contiguous, frequency spectrum.
Receivers used to down-convert and selectively filter TV channels are referred to as tuners, and tuners designed to concurrently receive several TV channels are referred to as wideband tuners. Existing tuners for these applications down-convert a swath of channels to an intermediate frequency, which are then sent to a demodulator. Because the swath of channels is not contiguous, this swath includes the desired channels as well as undesired channels. The demodulator employs a high-speed data converter to capture this swath of desired and undesired channels in the digital domain and subsequently filters out the desired channels.
In general, television channels broadcasted over the air or over cable networks are distributed across a broad frequency spectrum. That is, the channel frequencies may not be adjacent to each other. In certain applications such as DVR and picture-in-picture, the receiver system may have to concurrently receive several desired channels that may or may not be contiguous. The wideband receiver requirement poses a trade-off to the system to limit either the dynamic range of the wideband tuner or reduce the bandwidth covered by the tuner so that fewer channels may be received and processed by the demodulator.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional wideband tuner 100. Tuner 100 may be a direct conversion tuner and includes a low noise amplifier LNA1 having an input terminal coupled to a radio frequency (RF) input signal 102 and an output terminal coupled to a mixer M1. The RF signal may include one or more television channels receiving from a cable network via an RF connector or wirelessly via an antenna. The RF input signal may include the VHF and UHF television channels in a terrestrial television broadcasting system or the CATV channels in cable networks. In order to receive all broadcasted channels present in the RF input signal, LNA1 must necessarily have a wide tuning range, high linearity, and low noise. Mixer M1 is coupled to a synthesizer S1 that can generate an oscillator frequency located around the center of the RF signal. Mixer M1 frequency down-converts the received RF input signal to a more convenient intermediate frequency (IF) band. Tuner 100 includes an amplifier V1 having a programmable gain for amplifying the IF signal, which is then band-pass filtered by a filter F1 before outputting to a demodulator.
In general, the RF signal includes multiple desired channels that are located in non-contiguous portions of a radio frequency spectrum. As shown in FIG. 1, the swath of channels 110 occupies a bandwidth BW1 120 at an RF center frequency frfc 130. Synthesizer S1 may be tuned to a frequency around the center frequency frfc 130 for mixing channels 110 to an intermediate frequency fifc 160, the frequency down-mixed channels 140 are amplified by amplifier V1 and then filtered by F1 to produce a swath of channels 170 centered around frequency fifc 160. In an exemplary application shown in FIG. 1, bandwidth BW1 contains 10 channels. In the case where channels are TV channels that are spaced at either 6 MHz or 8 MHz in most parts of the world, bandwidth BW1 120 would span from 60-80 MHz, i.e., the down-converted bandwidth at the intermediate frequency would require a bandwidth equal to at least BW1, or at least 80 MHz when such architecture is used. It is noted that in other applications where the desired RF channels are located in the low band such as channels numbers 2 to 6 (VHF in the terrestrial TV broadcast or CATV) and in the high band such as channels numbers 14 to 83 of the UHF TV broadcast or channel numbers 63-158 of the CATV's ultra band, the bandwidth BW1 can be 800 MHz or higher. This wide bandwidth of 800 MHz would require a very expensive digital processing circuitry such as very high-speed analog to digital conversion and high-speed processor in the demodulator.
It is desirable to have wideband receiver systems that can increase the dynamic range without requiring expensive data conversion, filtering and channel selection at the demodulator.

System and method for receiving a television signal


A method for transmitting and receiving data between a memo layer and an application and an electronic device using the same are provided. The method includes executing an application and displaying the executed application on a touch screen, detecting a gesture on the touch screen during execution of the application, displaying a memo layer overlapped on the application according to the detected gesture, the memo layer including a handwriting input area for displaying data to be provided to the application and a display area for displaying data received from the application, receiving a handwriting image in the handwriting input area of the memo layer, recognizing the received handwriting image and comparing the recognized handwriting image with preset data, and displaying a feedback received from the application in the display area of the memo layer according to a comparison result.

Along with the recent growth of portable electronic devices, the demand for User Interfaces (UIs) that enable intuitive input/output is on the rise. For example, traditional UIs on which information is input by means of an additional device, such as a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, and the like, have evolved to intuitive UIs on which information is input by directly touching a screen with a finger, an electronic touch pen, by voice, or the like. In addition, the UI technology has been developed to be intuitive and human-centered as well as user-friendly. With the UI technology, a user can talk to a portable electronic device by voice so as to input intended information or obtain desired information.
Typically, a number of applications are installed and new functions are available from the installed applications in a popular portable electronic device, such as a smart phone, wherein a plurality of applications installed in the smart phone are executed independently, not providing a new function or a result to a user in conjunction with one another. For example, a scheduler application allows an input of information on its supported UI in spite of a user terminal supporting an intuitive UI.
Moreover, a user uses a touch panel or a user terminal supporting a memo function through a touch panel for the usage of writing notes with an input means, such as a finger or an electronic pen, but there is no specific method for utilizing the notes in conjunction with other applications. Besides a user's finger, an electronic pen, such as a stylus pen, is available as an input means to the user terminal. A user can use such an electronic pen as an input means to touch on a touch panel more accurately. However, since terminals fully support functions that can work with a finger, an electronic pen input means is not a necessity except in some special cases. Moreover, the usage of a pen input means is merely to touch a specific area on a display.
Therefore, a need exists for executing various functions using a pen input means in a terminal.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.

Method for transmitting and receiving data between memo layer and application and electronic device using the same


The object of the invention is a bridge crane, which comprises a main girder, which is fitted to travel supported by end carriages essentially at both ends and which bridge crane further comprises a hoisting trolley traveling supported by the main girder and a rope drum mounted on bearings to rotate in an essentially stationary position, from which rope drum the hoisting rope is guided to a hook traveling along with the hoisting trolley. The hoisting rope is supported from below for at least a part of its essentially horizontal section.

Bridge cranes according to prior art generally comprise two main girders that are at a distance from each other and a trolley comprising the hoisting machinery of the crane, said machinery traveling along with the trolley, and said trolley fitted to travel on rails on top of the girders. One problem, among others, in this solution is the expensive, wide and heavy structure. Two main girders cause both material costs and additional construction-time costs owing to the amount of work needed for manufacturing. Additionally, the trolley must be heavily built and robust in order to withstand the stressing caused by the hoisting machinery. The width of the structure is again a problem in connection with the handling of the material to be lifted. In this case one problem, among others, is that two bridge cranes cannot necessarily be brought close enough together so that large-sized objects could e.g. be turned by means of the cranes.
Also known in the art are bridge cranes which comprise only one main girder and in which the hoisting machinery with its rope drum is rigidly in its position with respect to the main girder. One such structure is presented in British patent no. GB1200075. It presents a single-beam bridge crane, in which both ends of the main girder comprise an end carriage provided with rail wheels, and in which crane the rope drum of the hoisting machinery is fixed into its position on the side wall of the second end carriage. On one side of the main girder is a hoisting trolley, movable in the longitudinal direction of the main girder, to which hoisting trolley the hoisting ropes are guided from the rope drum such that the hoisting rope from the rope drum that is fixed on the first end carriage is guided at first to the diverting pulley on the second end carriage and after passing around it to the hoisting trolley and to the hook and onwards via a diverting pulley on the hoisting trolley back to the first end carriage, to which the free end of the rope is fixed. The rope forces of the hoisting rope that act on the hoisting trolley are compensated in the direction of the hoisting rope and in the lateral direction. Compensation in the lateral direction is implemented such that the diverting pulleys of the hoisting trolley are on the same vertical plane as each other. A problem in this type of structure is the sagging of the long horizontal section of the hoisting rope, which sagging is often disturbingly large from the viewpoint of the user. The reason for the occurrence of the sagging is mainly that the weight of the lifting hook and its rope pulleys is not sufficient to tension the hoisting rope. When the load is fastened to the lifting hook at first in the hoisting phase it always takes the hoisting machinery some time before the slack rope caused by sagging has tightened. This can be dangerous if one cannot be prepared for it, and also in installation work, in which the crane is used for precise lifting, the slackness of the rope caused by sagging is awkward.


A portable dosimeter calibration device has a shielded container with a cover, and providing a cavity in which dosimeters may be spaced about a central shielded compartment. An elongated carrier rod has a radiation source adjacent its lower end and extends outwardly of the cover. The end of the rod with the radiation source is normally seated in a shielded well of the compartment in a first position of the rod, and the rod may be secured in a second elevated position in which it is aligned with a radiation passage in the shielding of the compartment to expose the dosimeter to radiation.

The present invention relates to radiation monitoring and, more particularly, to devices for calibrating radiation dosimeters.
The danger of exposure to radioactive sources has been known since the early days of this century. Madame Curie, joint discoverer with her husband of polonium and radium, was severely affected by the harmful radiation to which her research exposed her. It is known that solar radioactivity produces a low ambient level to which we are all exposed, and in regions where deposits of radioactive ores produce radon gas, we may be exposed to such gas which can accumulate in basements and closed spaces.
In nuclear research laboratories, on nuclear-powered ships, and in nuclear power plants, generally these are safe workplaces because of the scrupulous care in shielding design and in use of procedures which prevent exposure to radioactive sources. Occasionally, through accident or error, workers may be exposed to levels of radioactivity which may be dangerous. Since the personnel may not be aware of such exposure, it has long been standard procedure in such facilities to provide personal dosimeters for everyone to wear while at work. Each dosimeter is checked regularly to determine if the wearer has been exposed to a cumulative dosage which will require him to change jobs, or to undergo medical treatment.
Innovative forms of dosimeters include types which generate an alarm at a predetermined threshold, to warn the wearer to leave the area immediately. Regardless of their design, dosimeters require calibration to ensure that they remain accurate, since accuracy is synonomous with safety when dealing with the monitoring of radioactivity exposure.
Calibration of dosimeters was originally and is still largely done in laboratories which are remote from the facilities where the dosimeters are actually used. There has been a trend in recent years to calibrate the dosimeters on site, by using portable dosimeter calibrators. Such calibrators are typified by the structure in Jachter U.S. Pat. No. 3,107,299, the structure of which may briefly be summarized as follows. A holding jig, comprising a plurality of uniformly spaced retaining fixtures for dosimeters, is supported on a turntable driven by a precision motor controlled by a precision clock or clocks. A calibrated radiation source, enclosed within a shielded housing with a separately shielded, closable aperture, is located at a fixed position on the periphery of the turntable. In operation, the aperture shield is automatically moved aside during a timed exposure period, while the dosimeters are slowly moved past the aperture by the turntable, each dosimeter in turn facing the source at least once, and typically during several passes, to accumulate a known amount of radiation exposure. A hinged cover provides access to the interior for inserting and removing dosimeters. The shielding for the devices is comprised of layers, each layer being adapted to capture a different type of radiation.
A simple way of determining the dosage accumulated during a calibrating exposure period is to place in one of the retaining fixtures a reference dosimeter, recently calibrated by its manufacturer. The dosage recorded as accumulated on that reference dosimeter during the calibration period, can then be compared with the readings of each of the other dosimeters, to determine the appropriate calibration factor for each of those. This method is useful for all types of calibrators.
A major drawback of the design of the Jachter patent is that the radioactive source is located at the periphery of the turntable, and that its surrounding shielding makes its pattern of radiation quite directive. Therefore, the radiation it emits is most intense at the aperture of its shield and less intense at other points within the enclosure. This intensity depends on the point's distance from, and angle with respect to, the source. Dosimeters calibrators based on this design and its derivatives are relatively complex and costly.
Among the advantages of portable calibration units is that they could be used to do periodic calibrations when a dosimeter is turned in after an individual's work day, and thus to have the dosimeter ready for use the next day. When dosimeters are sent off-site for calibration, several days may elapse before they are returned. During that period, the worker must be provided with another dosimeter. When the original dosimeter returns, the radiation exposure during the intervening period, which was recorded on the spare dosimeter, must be entered in a logbook or data record for subsequent addition to the dosage accumulated on the primary dosimeter. Not only is such a process complex and susceptible to error, but also it is inappropriate for dosimeters which are designed to sound an alarm when a preset dosage threshold has been reached, since the dosimeter would have to be incremented by the dosage recorded on the spare dosimeter.
Alternatively, a spare dosimeter may be used to replace the primary dosimeter until the next calibration. This poses its own set of problems; it either doubles the number of dosimeters needed if each worker is assigned a primary unit and a spare, or, if a limited number of spares are used for the entire workforce, it necessitates a complex system of bookkeeping with a potential for error.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel portable dosimeter calibration device which may be used on-site at nuclear facilities.
Another object is to provide such a calibration device which is small, lightweight and relatively inexpensive to fabricate.
It is also an object to provide such a calibrator which is simple to use and which enables the user to avoid the complexities of record keeping, and the expense and inconvenience of sending dosimeters elsewhere for calibration.


The present application disclosed various embodiments of kinematic optical mounts which include a first body member having at least one hinge extension defining at least one hinge passage extending therefrom and a mount surface configured to receive at least one optical component thereon, one or more positioning registers formed on the hinge extension, a second body member having a hinge recess sized to receive the hinge extension therein and at least one coupling body, one or more positioning elements in communication with the second body member and configured to be force biased to engage the positioning registers, and at least one biasing member configured to apply a constant biasing force to one or more hinge bearing members, thereby forcing the bearing members engage at least one bearing engaging member in communication with the second body member thereby coupling the first body member to the second body member.

Optical systems typically include one or more optical elements or similar devices supported by one or more optical mounts. The optical mounts position the optical elements at desired location while securing the optical elements to a support substrate. Exemplary support substrates include, without limitation, optical tables, optical benches, platforms, sub-frames, frames, and the like.
While a variety of optical mounts are presently available, a number of shortcomings common to most optical mounts have been identified. For example, repeatable, stable positioning of adjustable optical mount has proven illusive. As such, alignment of an optical system incorporating these mounts is a time consuming endeavor.
In light of the foregoing, there is an ongoing need for an adjustable optical mount capable of securing and adjustably positioning one or more optical elements within an optical beam path.