A method for monitoring of and fault detection in an industrial process, comprising at least a first sub-process and at least one second sub-process arranged in a process chain, comprising, for the at least one second sub-process the steps of collecting data and calculating a multivariate sub-model based on the collected data, said method being characterized by the steps of receiving in the first sub-process from the at least second sub-process information related to the multivariate sub-model calculated for the at least second sub-process, collecting data related to the first sub-process, and calculating a multivariate sub-model for the first sub-process based on collected data and received information.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method and a device of monitoring and fault detection in industrial processes. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of applying multivariate techniques in the sequential transfer of quality parameters by means of score values and monitoring the process with early fault detection.
2. Description of Related Art
In today's world of outsourcing, many of the steps in manufacturing process are actually made by other companies than by the company responsible for the final product. Examples of products assembled in such a way include cars, computers, and telephone exchanges. The same approach applies to a product manufactured in several steps without assembly, e.g., a pharmaceutical tablet, a roll of printing paper, or a wafer in a semiconductor process. Sequential manufacturing makes for a strong need of tracking quality data through the whole manufacturing tree, assuring that all components and sub-components, as well as their combinations, have adequate quality, faults are early (high up) discovered in the tree, etc. When multiple data are measured in process steps and component quality testing, only multivariate tools can adequately use the information to evaluate the quality in the tree of manufacturing steps.
The products of today must meet increasing quality demands. The product quality is measured by many parameters and depends on many process variables in each step of the process chain. During each manufacturing step, process data are measured at certain intervals to control and monitor the process, and after each step intermediate quality data are measured on the sub-components and components, and then final quality data are measured on the final product. However, even if many quality measurements are used, with reliance on traditional Statistical Process Control (SPC) the small tolerated variation of each component leads to major difficulties, and rejection of a portion of well working product.
Several techniques are used for the purpose of monitoring a process. Parameters to check include quality, yield, energy, product rejection, etc. A conventional approach for monitoring a process is to consider one variable at a time (univariate SPC). This approach is not adequate for obtaining the best quality, economy, etc. of a product in a manufacturing process, since actually several variables are involved.
The most commonly employed type of SPC uses single variable control charts. When a given product or process is outside of a specification it is indicated. The limitation with SPC is that only few variables, generally at the most around 5, can be used for monitoring the process.
The quality of intermediate and end products is in most cases described by values of a set of variables, the product specification. The specifications are often used in a univariate mode, i.e. they are checked individually for conformation within the specification value range. This gives rise to both false negative and false positive classification, since the quality variables very rarely are independent in practice, but are treated as if they were, i.e. univariately.
It is possible to use traditional SPC to establish when a process is out of specification when only a few variables are involved. However, when the number of process variables and quality increase or when they interact, problems arise. Very often it is difficult to determine the source of the problem, particularly when the number of process variables increases. Product quality is typically a multivariate property and must be treated as such in order to monitor a process in that respect.
In order to optimize and control a process with several variables, projection techniques such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Projection to Latent Structure (PLS) have been applied. These techniques are well described (Mac Gregor et. al.) and further development has been made to address the process control need of today. S. Wold et al., "Hierarchical multi-block PLS and PC models, for easier interpretation, and as an alternative to variable selection," J. CHEMOMETRICS 10 (1996), pages 463-482, describes a method where variables are divided into conceptually meaningful blocks before applying hierarchical multi-block PLS or PC models. This allows an interpretation focused on pertinent blocks and their dominant variables. Such blocking can be used in process modeling and modeling.
Attempts based on SPC and projection techniques have been made to control a process. For example, WO 99/19780 describes a method and device for controlling an essentially continuous process comprising at least two sub-processes, which minimizes the rejection of the produced product. The method is based upon combining multivariate models with a processed variable value. A variable value for a subsequent second sub process is predicted based on the combination of the multivariate model and the processed variable value. However, the method only utilizes multivariate data analysis with respect to controlling the process and not for checking or monitoring it. Furthermore, the method is applied only for a specific application and cannot be used in general applications.
C. WIKSTROM et al., "Multivariate process and quality monitoring applied to an electrolysis process," Part 1. Process supervision with multivariate control charts Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory system 42 (1998) pages 221-231), describes Multi-variate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) applied to an electrolysis process and the benefit with multivariate analysis over traditional univariate analysis also is discussed Moreover, the article shows how the result from a multivariate principal component analysis method can be displayed graphically in multivariate statistical control charts. By using this informationally efficient MSPC approach, rather than any inefficient SPC technique, the potential of achieving major improvements in the under-tanding and monitoring of the process is shown. The improvements are, however, not sufficient to be able to control the quality problems in complex processes unless specific experimentation has been made to make the multivariate model invertable and thus also capable to determine how the process should be modified to minimize deviation from the specification profile. In MSPC as well as SPC "controlling" should be synonymous with "checking" or "monitoring".
Another drawback with the application of prior art to sequential manufacturing is the need to carry relevant information from different process steps in a process chain, which cannot be easily achieved by known techniques. Therefore, a need exists to describe product quality in a sequential monitoring process by a multivariate model of the relevant quality variables rather than the individual variables themselves.
A problem with prior art (univariate SPC) is that the quality variables are not independent, but their interdependencies get lost if they are analyzed or monitored individually. The risk for false product approval increases and when this occurs and is fed back in the supply chain the specification intervals are usually narrowed in order to secure product. However, this rarely eliminates the problem of false product approval and also give rise to substantial false rejects.

Method and device for monitoring and fault detection in industrial processes


A touch display method is configured for an electronic apparatus including a touch display module and an embedded controller. The touch display module includes a touch display device and a touch input controller. The method includes following steps: loading a BIOS to perform an initialization operation when the electronic apparatus has not loaded an operating system; defining a virtual input area in the touch display device; and further displaying an input interface on the virtual input area. Generate a touch event when the touch display device is touched and translate the touch event into a coordinate by the touch input controller. If the coordinate is in the input interface, the touch input controller outputs a function signal to the embedded controller through the hardware interface. The embedded controller translates the function signal into a scan code for the electronic apparatus to execute operations corresponding to the scan code.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to an electronic apparatus, and more particularly to an electronic apparatus capable of providing an input function during an initialization stage and a touch display method thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
In today's society, the touch screen has become one of the most commonly technologies in the daily lives, and the touch screen can be found in an electronic device such as mobile phone, tablet computer, automatic teller machine (ATM), and the personal digital assistant (PDA). Because the touch screen can provide people with an operating experience more convenient than the operating experience of the traditional physical keys, the current trend is towards fewer physical keys on the electronic device. However, even though the touch screen provides people with a high degree of convenience, people may be inconvenienced by insufficient physical keys when operating the electronic device sometimes.
For example, when the user needs to input commands into the electronic device during the initialization and the driver of the touch screen has not been loaded (e.g., selecting a boot mode), the electronic device itself would not have a sufficient amount of physical keys for the user. Accordingly, the user can not input some required commands and feels inconvenienced in the initialization process.

Touch display method using virtual keyboard before loading operating system and electronic apparatus thereof


The present invention is an improved barrel for a gun, wherein the gun barrel has an axis and a front face defined by a plane extending perpendicular to the axis. A plurality of ports is formed in the gun barrel. A first set of ports has a first spacing and a second set of ports is spaced apart from the first set of ports by a spacing distance greater than the first spacing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to gun barrels, and more particularly to a porting system for the discharge gases when firing a gun.
2. Related Art
Known firearms generally experience recoil and muzzle climb due to discharge gases when the firearm is fired. Recoil is created by a forward momentum of the bullet and results in a rearward acting force upon the firearm and the shooter. Additionally, muzzle climb creates an upward movement of the barrel when firing the firearm. Recoil and muzzle climb typically increase with the size of the bullet or projectile. Moreover, the weight of the firearm may also increase recoil and muzzle climb. Recoil and muzzle climb may cause shooters to flinch or hesitate when firing the firearm, thereby resulting in lost control of the firearm. Additionally, muzzle climb and recoil may lead to fatigue in the shooter and may inhibit the shooter's ability to fire the firearm long term. Recoil and muzzle climb further cause the firearm to move out of alignment with the target with each shot fired. As such, recoil and muzzle climb greatly decrease the shooters accuracy.
Several known firearms use ports or conduits formed in the barrel of the firearm to direct gas flow from the firearm so that recoil and muzzle climb are reduced. In particular, the porting of the barrel enables the venting of the gases in a generally upward direction during the firing process. The venting of the gases opposes the forces that generally cause muzzle climb and/or recoil. However, known porting systems generally include equally spaced ports. Because the gases in the gun barrel are not equally distributed, the equally spaced ports are typically ineffective in controlling the velocity of the gases escaping the barrel. Additionally, known porting systems include slotted or trapezoidal shaped ports. Unfortunately, these ports may not be effective in reducing the velocities of the gases escaping the barrel. As such, these ports may be satisfactory for a long barrel gun, particularly a shotgun, but such ports may cause splitting of the barrel and negatively impact the integrity of the barrel when used with firearms having short barrels.
A need remains for firearm barrel ports that significantly reduce the velocities of the gases exiting the barrel, and further reduce the risk of stress fractures created by sharp corners in the barrel, so that the porting system would be effective for any type of barrel, long or short.


An apparatus and method for controlling high speed operation of a motor for controlling high speed operation of a motor by estimating the position and the speed of the rotor of a synchronous motor without a PI regulator to eliminate the users' inconvenience and to secure the reliability of the control of a rotor's position and speed of a synchronous motor, which includes: a reference frame transformer that receives triangular coordinate voltages and currents and converts them to static coordinate voltages and currents, a flux observer that receives the converted static coordinate voltages and currents and observes and outputs the flux of the stator, a position estimator that receives the converted static coordinate currents and the observed flux of the stator and estimates and outputs the position of the rotor, and a speed estimator that receives the estimated position of the rotor and estimates and outputs the speed of the rotor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling high speed operation of a motor and a method thereof and, more particularly, to an apparatus for controlling high speed operation of a motor and a method thereof by estimating the position and the speed of the rotor of a synchronous motor without a PI(Proportional plus Integral) regulator to eliminate the users' inconvenience due to gain adjustment of the PI regulator and additionally to secure the reliability of the control of speed and position of a rotor of a synchronous motor.
2. Description of the Conventional Art
In general, the position and the speed of the rotor should be estimated for sensor-less vector control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The position of the rotor is necessary for reference frame transform, and the speed of the rotor is necessary for speed control.
To estimate the speed and position of the rotor, the position of a rotor and a speed estimator according to a conventional art is composed of a reference frame transformer 110 that converts static coordinate system voltages and currents to synchronous coordinate system voltages and currents; an EEMF (Extended Electromotive Force) estimator 120 that receives inputs from the coordinate-converted voltages and currents and calculates position error; a PI regulator 131 that estimates the speed of the rotor using the position error calculated by the above estimator; and an integrator 132 that estimates the position of the rotor by integrating the estimated speed of the rotor.
In the conventional art, after estimating EEMF that provides error information (êr—error) between the actual position of the rotor (θr) and the estimated position of the rotor ({circumflex over (θ)}r) using static coordinate currents (iαβ) and voltages (vαβ), the position (θr) and speed (ωr) of the rotor that are necessary for vector control are estimated using PLL (Phase Locked Loop), so that the estimated EEMF (Extended Electromotive Force, êq) converges to 0.
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for controlling high speed operation of a sensor-less PMSM that includes a conventional PI regulator, the PLL is composed a PI regulator and an integrator, and the output of the PI regulator 131 is the estimated speed of the rotor ({circumflex over (ω)}r) and the output of the integrator is the estimated position of the rotor ({circumflex over (θ)}r).
In a conventional art that uses PLL, the estimated performance of the rotor's position and speed depends heavily on the PI regulator's gain since the position and the speed of the rotor are estimated by the PI regulator 131. In other words, if the bandwidth of the PI regulator 131 is too small, in high speed operation the estimated position of the rotor could step out of the actual position.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the magnetic model of PMSM of a conventional art with saliency. If the position and the speed are estimated by the motor parameters of constants in a PMSM with saliency, the occurred motor parameter errors deviate from regular operating points and, finally, the estimation of the position and the speed results in error. To tackle the issue, the magnetic model should be embodied for high accuracy speed control. To implement it according to the conventional art, all the specific points shown in FIG. 2 have to be stored in a memory and the value of the current operating point should be interpolated.
However, the method requires a large amount of data and interpolation calculation, and the implementation thereof is limited by memory and processing power.
Therefore, in the convention art, an additional work to adjust PI gain is necessary, and a difficulty exists because it should be adjusted through many tests.

Apparatus for controlling high speed operation of motor and method thereof


A dental centrifugal casting apparatus includes a crucible for receiving a dental casting material, a crucible holding unit for holding the crucible, a heating furnace such as a high-frequency induction heating furnace for heating and melting the dental casting material in the crucible, a crucible forward and backward rotary driving unit for driving the crucible holding unit forward and backward so as to insert the crucible into the heating furnace to heat and melt the material in the crucible and remove the crucible from the furnace, and for rotationally driving the crucible holding unit so as to inject the melted material into a mold at a predetermined position, a bucket for holding the mold in which the molten material is injected by the forward and backward motion and the rotation of the crucible performed by the crucible forward and backward rotary driving unit, and a centrifuge unit for rotating a rotary arm swingably mounting the bucket on its end portion at high speed immediately after the material is injected to apply a centrifugal force to the mold and molten material, thereby performing casting.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a dental centrifugal casting apparatus for casting an artificial tooth such as an artificial crown by using, e.g., glass ceramic as a casting material.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, metal materials such as a gold alloy and a nickel-chromium alloy have been used as a material for casting an artificial tooth such as an artificial crown. Melting temperatures of these metal materials fall within the range of 1,000.degree. C. to 1,100.degree. C., i.e., comparatively low. Therefore, a resistant-heating electric furnace has been used as a material heating/melting means for use in a conventional dental centrifugal casting apparatus. In order to cast an artificial tooth such as an artificial crown, the above material heated/melted in the electric furnace is flowed into an investment preheated at 400.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., and then a manual centrifuge is operated to perform centrifugal casting. That is, casting has been conventionally performed by such a simple manual operation.
In recent years, however, a glass ceramic material having good affinity to a living body is used as an artificial tooth material. A melting temperature of this glass ceramic material is about 1,300.degree. C. to 1,500.degree. C., i.e., much higher than that of the conventional metal materials. When a material having such a high melting temperature is used, cast products having uniform characteristics cannot be stably manufactured by the conventional manufacturing process since casting must be performed under strict casting conditions.
In order to solve this problem, various types of artificial tooth casting apparatuses improving the conventional manufacturing process have been proposed. For example, Published Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Application No. 60-166460 discloses an apparatus of this type. Such an apparatus, however, is generally large in size. In addition, a highly skilled operator is required to operate the apparatus of this type in order to cast a metal into an artificial tooth. That is this apparatus cannot be easily used for dental casting apparatus.


Disclosed are backpack and carrier assemblies adapted to be worn by and partially supported or stabilized by the upper torso of the user. A pivotal coupling is provided with the backpack portion at or above the center of the gravity of the backpack so that the backpack is free to swing from side to side behind the hips of the user and to swing about the coupling. Low friction blocks, pads, rollers or surface are provided near the lower extremity of the backpack and between the backpack and the hip and pelvic region of the user in order to reduce frictional forces and facilitate the side-to-side movement.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to backpack and carrier assemblies.
2. Description of Prior Art
During normal walking and running, the shoulders and pelvis rotate in opposite directions. This relative counter-rotation results as each side of the pelvis follows its associated leg as that leg extends forward to begin a step. While that leg remains in place on the ground, it serves as a pivot about which the pelvis rotates as it carries the other leg and torso forward. The upper torso, in turn, remains oriented generally in the direction of forward movement; thus, there is a resulting opposing relative movement of pelvis to upper torso.
Relative to the torso, the pelvic movements are complex partial rotations in several planes, alternatively clockwise and counter-clockwise. The torso also operates as the counter balancing inertial mass against which connecting muscles pull in order to generate pelvic rotation, leg movement and thrust. The effectiveness of the torso as a counter-balancing mass is enhanced by coordinated swinging of the arms, choreographed so as to oppose pelvic rotation. Torso mass is further increased, and its effects amplified, by the additional mass of a loaded backpack carried by the shoulders and upper torso. The additional mass of a backpack load allows torso counter-movement to be shorter and still provide the appropriate counter-force to hip rotation.
Given the downward pull of gravity, backpack weight must be borne by generally upward-facing horizontal body surfaces. The shoulders are most commonly used for this purpose; thus, most backpacks have shoulder straps. An alternative or supplementary method is to transfer all or some of the load to a belt worn about the user's pelvic area. Weight thus transferred by the frame to the belt is passed on to the lower body through the hydraulic action of the belt in squeezing the pelvic area. Therefore, this soft area of the body is in effect squeezed into a relatively firm vertical column, the outer skin of which is gripped by the belt through friction. Inside this vertical column (which is composed of muscles, veins, arteries and internal organs), weight is transferred to the pelvis. Some weight also reaches the pelvis just below the skin surface which is not covered by muscles. Such squeezing has the unfortunate effect of interfering with both muscular flexion and blood flow to and from the legs and throughout the pelvic area.
In addition to the above-mentioned problems which belt squeeze causes in various soft tissues, most versions of the belt-and-frame backpack also tend to restrict pelvic rotation. While one can walk without rotating the pelvis, this type of movement is both awkward and tiring; each step is significantly shortened. In such a situation, the pelvis not only does not contribute its own additional extension to step length, but also the hip joint reaches its angular rotational limit early in the stride, as do the relative tendons, because of limited pelvic rotation about the associated transverse axis.
Even in a beltless backpack borne only by the shoulders, the relative counter-rotational movement discussed above during natural walking is hindered. Because the backpack is attached to and moves with the shoulders, its lower front-facing portion moves in a direction opposite to that of the lower rear-facing portion of the user's back. Given the "overhung" mechanics of a shoulder-supported backpack, the lower part of the backpack can press with considerable forward force against the lumbar region of the user. The result is that the combination of this friction with the opposing lateral directions of motion hinders the free rotational movement of the pelvis, and also causes jiggling of the backpack.
So-called "fanny" packs are particularly problematic. Such packs cause the user to suffer from the above-described squeeze problems by transferring all of the weight to a hip belt. But there is an additional problem with such packs caused by adding mass to the pelvic area. Given the relationship of mass to inertia and motion, the effectiveness of upper torso mass as an inertial stabilizer and counterbalance is reduced relative to the increased mass associated with the pelvis in such a "fanny" pack. Worse, the rotating pelvis must now propel the entire mass of the loaded pack, not only forward with the body as a whole, but also along the pelvis' own complicated path, which comprises alternating clockwise and counter-clockwise rotations and other movements in three dimensions.
Specific prior art backpack arrangements of interest are disclosed in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,033,431 to Henderson et al.; 3,114,486 to Flexman; 3,191,828 to Senne; 3,206,087 to Tyrrell; 3,254,816 to Gray; 3,282,483 to Babcock; 3,355,075 to Dean; 3,516,586 to Farnbach; 3,653,566 to Owens; 3,733,017 to Pletz; 3,831,827 to Olson; 3,889,859 to Joseph; 3,938,718 to Madison; 4,013,201 to Potter; 4,015,759 to Dreissigacker et al.; 4,099,657 to Zufich; 4,189,076 to Zufich; 4,194,656 to Zufich; 4,214,685 to Pletz; 4,303,186 to Ollinger; 4,369,903 to Wilkes; 4,479,595 to Opsal; and 4,504,002 to Hall.


According to one embodiment, a method is disclosed for manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method includes forming a second stacked body on the planarized interlayer insulating film and on the uppermost stair. The second stacked body includes a second conductive film thicker than the first conductive film and a second insulating film stacked on the second conductive film. The method includes dividing the second stacked body into a select gate on the uppermost stair and a plurality of wall portions in a staircase region below the uppermost stair. The method includes forming a plurality of vias piercing the interlayer insulating film under a region between the wall portions and reaching the first conductive film of each of the stairs.

A memory device of a three-dimensional structure is proposed in which a memory hole is formed in a stacked body in which an electrode film functioning as the control gate of a memory cell and an insulating film are alternately stacked in plural, and a silicon body serving as a channel is provided on the side wall of the memory hole via a charge storage film.
As a structure for connecting each of the plurality of stacked electrode films to another interconnection independently, a structure in which the plurality of electrode films are fashioned in a staircase configuration is proposed.

Method for manufacturing semiconductor device and semiconductor device


A communications system includes a single transmitter and a large number of individual receivers. The transmitter broadcasts a signal over a medium a continuous stream of digitally coded text items, each carrying information as to one or more subjects described by an index term. Each receiver includes a demodulator for continuously receiving the broadcast signal, a profile storage tailorable by each user individually to contain a list of desired index terms, means for selecting only those items having index terms matching those in the profile storage, and a memory for storing the selected items. The user can activate the receiver to play back items in the memory and to choose among the stored items. The items chosen for playback are converted from digital text to a synthesized voice, which is sent as an audio signal to the user.

The present invention relates to broadcast communications systems, and more specifically concerns such systems in which each receiver in such systems can personalize the received information to his own requirements.
A conventional radio news or other information broadcast contemplates a single stream of news items spoken by a newscaster and simultaneously received by thousands of listeners. The newscaster must attempt to transmit items which are of interest to the maximum number of listeners in the limited time available. The listeners for their part must attend to many items which are of no interest to them personally in order to catch the relatively few which are of interest. Additionally, the listeners must be available at the time the items are transmitted; delayed listening via recording is not very practical. The analog voice nature of radio broadcasts also makes them rather wasteful of scarce spectrum resources.
Some recent information services attempt to get around one or more of these limitations. News items are available in stored digital form to subscribers of facilities such as Prodigy(R) interactive personal service. Other services even scan news wires for selected topics, then clip them automatically into folders for a recipient. Although such items can be accessed at any convenient time, these services require the recipient to be located at a computer terminal connected to the service, and the visual presentation requires enough of his attention that little other simultaneous activity is possible. Even more recently, specialized portable terminals receive broadcasts of digital information items such as stock-market quotes, for display on a small screen.
Solutions to the above problems still fall short in many respects. The recipient is tied to a computer terminal, must read a display, or attend to all items being broadcast. A large number of people who need current information on a relatively small number of topics could benefit greatly from a service using the paradigm of a radio news broadcast which can be individually tailored to each listener's specific interests, and which can be listened to at any time convenient to them.

Digital broadcast system with selection of items at each receiver via individual user profiles and voice readout of selected items

International Business Machines Corporation


Technologies are described for restraining systems. The systems may comprise a base, a stationary arm, a swing arm, a rod, first straps, and second straps. A bottom end of the stationary arm may be attached to a first end of the base. A bottom end of the swing arm may be attached at a second end of the base. The rod may be attached to top ends of the stationary arm and the swing arm. First straps may be attached to the stationary arm and configured to loop around and support an object. Second straps may be attached to the swing arm and configured to loop around and support the object. The rod may move and push the top of the swing arm away from the top of the stationary arm. A friction force between the first and second straps and the object may be effective to restrain the object.

During construction of buildings, electrical wire may be pulled or dropped from a higher level to a lower level. Generally electrical wire comes in large spools and may be pulled vertically down a building from the spools. When the length of electric wire that is pulled is in excess of multiple stories, the length of electric wire that is pulled may weigh thousands of pounds and may weigh more than the wire remaining on the spool.


Improved graphical user interfaces and techniques for providing remote media content to users are disclosed. According to one aspect, an application window display on a display device can expose a user not only to local media content but also to remote media content that is associated with the local media content. The local media content is stored locally, while the remote media content is stored remotely and available from a remote media server. According to another aspect, the remote media content to be displayed can be determined in a manner that is dependent on a user interaction with the local media content. According to still a further aspect, the manner by which the remote media content is displayed can be dependent on the availability of remote media content at the remote media server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to media presentation and, more particularly, to media presentation in a client-server environment.
2. Description of the Related Art
Today, media management applications are available for use on personal computers to assist users with managing and playing their electronic media. One popular media management application is iTunes® media program available from Apple Computer, Inc. Through a graphical user interface, the iTunes® media program enables a user to not only display a track listing of locally stored songs but also browse or purchase media information or items from a remote music store. However, users cannot view media information or items from the music store while also viewing a track listing of locally stored songs.
FIG. 1A is a screen shot of a conventional media display window 100. The media display window 100 includes a source region 102 and a track list region 104. The source region 102 indicates a plurality of different sources that can be selected. As shown in FIG. 1A, the "Library" source is currently selected. The track list region 104 lists a plurality of tracks that are available from the "Library" source (i.e., local storage). In this case, the audio tracks are displayed in a row and column format. For example, each row can pertain to a different song, and each column can provide name, time, artist and album for the corresponding song. In addition, the media display window 100 includes playback controls 106 (including play, rewind and fast forward), a search box 108, and a browse control 110.
FIG. 1B is a screen shot of another conventional media display window 150. The media display window 150 includes a source region 152 and an online browse window 154. The source region 152 includes a plurality of sources that can be selected. As shown in FIG. 1B, the "Music Store" source has been selected. In such case, the browse window 154 displays music information or items that are available from a remote music store. The browse window 154 presents media items and other descriptive information for media content available from the music store. In particular, the browse window 154 includes navigation links in an "Inside the Music Store" section 156 and account information in an "Account" section 158. The browse window 154 also includes a "New Releases" section 160 and various promotional images for certain media items in regions 162 and 164. The browse window 154 also includes a "Todays Top Songs" section 166 and a "Todays Top Albums" section 168.
A media management application, such as the iTunes® media program, is able to present the media display screens 100 and 150 as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, depending upon the particular media source selected. However, often, many users use the media management application only with regard to their own local (or personal) content, such as the "Library" source. As a result, such users do not get the benefits of interacting with the "Music Store" source. For example, the "Music Store" can provide not only media content for preview and purchase but also informational content to the user related to new releases, top songs, promotions, etc. However, since many users do not utilize the "Music Store", they do not recognize the benefits or extent of the content available from the "Music Store."
Thus, there is a need for improved graphical user interfaces that facilitate user interaction with not only local media content but also remote media content.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Graphical user interface with improved media presentation


A laptop computer with an embedded antenna is disclosed. The laptop computer contains an LCD panel and an antenna embedded inside the LCD panel. The antenna is embedded in the gap between the covering of the LCD panel and the frame supporting the LCD on the LCD panel. The ground surface of the antenna is effectively extended through incorporating the conducting surface on the back of the LCD. When the LCD panel is opened the antenna is at a distance above the operating surface of the laptop computer and produces omni-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a computer with an embedded antenna wherein the gap between an LCD panel covering and an LCD frame is used to accommodate the antenna. In particular, by coupling the ground surface of the antenna to the shielding plate of the LCD panel, the ground surface and bandwidth of the antenna are extended.
2. Related Art
Wireless transmission devices are equipped with antennas for receiving and transmitting wireless signals. Some use a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for such wireless transmission and reception. Such antennas are often embedded inside the housing of these wireless transmission devices. When a laptop computer with an embedded antenna, for example, is placed on a desk there may cause electromagnetic interference to the antenna due to other nearby facilities on the desk. This situation is bad for signal transmissions and receptions of the embedded antenna. Furthermore, since the antenna is inside the laptop computer housing, it also experiences interference from surrounding metallic conductors inside the housing. Therefore, signal receptions and transmissions are not ideal for an embedded antenna inside a laptop computer housing.
In considering the location of an embedded antenna in a laptop computer, some space out of the LCD panel of the laptop computer can be made use of for accommodating the antenna to achieve better transmission effects. However, as the LCD size increases, the space available in the LCD panel becomes limited, increasing the difficulty in the antenna design. The disclosed laptop computer with an embedded antenna uses the limited space still available in the LCD panel so as to overcome the problems encountered in the prior art. The antenna of the present invention is a metallic plate formed along the side of the LCD frame, using the limited space between the LCD frame and the panel cover to achieve high antenna performance for a compact laptop computer.
The present invention discloses a laptop computer with an LCD panel cover and an antenna embedded inside the LCD panel cover. The antenna is embedded in the gap between the panel cover and the LCD frame supporting the LCD panel. A shielding plate is included in the frame at the back surface of the LCD panel and the ground surface of the antenna can be extended by incorporating the shielding plate of the LCD frame, such that when the LCD panel is opened the antenna is at a distance above the keyboard of the laptop computer and thereby produces an omni-directional radiation pattern. Therefore, the embedded antenna of the present invention can achieve better wireless transmission quality under normal operating conditions of the laptop computer.


The method for developing an actionable IT service catalog at large organizations is disclosed. IT Service catalog helps IT organizations showcase the value of IT services they deliver to their business customers. Service catalogs are made actionable by incorporating Service Request and Service portfolio functions for the in scope services. The method focuses on articulating and documenting these services, facilitating service request and fulfillment and modeling/modifying service portfolios The method is comprising of service domains for services to move through various lifecycle stages within the IT service catalog from their point of inception to it's decommission; and domain components for each service domain to fulfill certain objectives during the services' journey through the IT Service Catalog. The proposed method is a process oriented framework to the development of IT Service Catalog at large organizations.

The invention relates generally to service catalog, and more particularly relates to actionable information technology (IT) service catalog framework.
The IT Service catalog is a solution that helps IT organizations showcases the value of IT services they deliver to their business customers. It focuses specifically on articulating and documenting these services, facilitating service request and fulfillment and modeling/modifying service portfolios.
The disconnect between business goals and IT priorities consistently ranks among the top three issues facing chief information officers (CIOs) year after year. At the heart of this problem is a lack of trust between customers and IT, where Business customers and end-users do not trust that IT organization is capable of taking the business forward. Faced by these challenges, many IT organizations are in the midst of transforming to a customer-centric & demand-driven service model. Service Catalog is essentially the first step—and a fundamental requirement—in transforming the IT organization by re-establish the trust between IT and Business
IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) V2 & V3 provides an overview of the need for a Service Catalog, however there is no practical guidance on how to build and manage them.
Service catalog products and software tools available in the market provide a variety of functionalities for organizations to help them configure services. However they do not provide the step-by-step guidance to implement services, in alignment with service stakeholders and customer needs, and manage them in the catalog.
During Service Catalog adoption, large IT organizations typically face the following challenges: Determining the scope of services and identification of service owners; Understanding the mapping of Multiple vendors' and internal IT services, for bundling into the Service Catalog; Define to-be state for services and manage their overall lifecycle; and Drive improvements to services and the catalog.
Organizations tried to address the Service Catalog implementation from a conventional technology solution standpoint, assuming that the technology will enable them to design and manage services end-to-end. However there were many critical aspects with respect to the program that the technology or even the best practices framework like ITIL cannot address.
Due to the lack of reference standards in this area, organizations are increasingly looking at practitioner guidance and direction in building and managing actionable service catalogs.
Hence, there was need for strategic framework that provides end to end guidance to manage the lifecycle of services through service discovery and drive improvements to the service experience and customer satisfaction. The proposed framework components enable an organization to jumpstart and manage a service catalog program end-to-end.

Method and computer program product for developing a process-oriented information technology (IT) actionable service catalog for managing lifecycle of services


Batch mixtures comprising alumina trihydrate for forming ceramic honeycomb bodies comprised of cordierite and methods of manufacturing honeycomb bodies from such batch mixtures are provided.

his disclosure generally relates to ceramic-forming mixtures that can be used in the formation of ceramic honeycomb bodies and methods of making and using honeycomb bodies from such ceramic mixtures. More particularly, the disclosure provides mixtures that exhibit reduced abrasiveness and consequently lower wear on forming dies used to form ceramic honeycomb bodies.
Ceramic honeycomb substrates containing a catalyst such as an oxidation catalyst and a three-way catalyst are used in close-coupled applications in gasoline engine emission control to enable the substrate to heat up faster. This in turn enables the catalyst to become active sooner, resulting in reduced cold-start emissions. This problem has been addressed by automobile manufacturers by controlling engine operation during start-up, thus optimizing engine temperatures and fuel usage, which is both complicated and negatively impacts fuel economy of the vehicle. Mobile emissions catalytic converter manufacturers have addressed this issue by adding increased amounts of platinum group metals (PGM) to the washcoats that are used to coat the ceramic honeycomb substrates which is inefficient and very expensive.
Ceramic honeycomb substrate manufacturers have provided honeycomb substrates with very low heat capacity to enable fast light off. Batch mixtures of ceramic materials that are extruded through the die to form a honeycomb substrate for these applications can cause a high degree of wear on the dies that are used to extrude the honeycomb bodies. Abrasion of the die may cause frequent recoating of the dies and/or a low die life due to extensive wear. In addition, other elements in the extruder that are contacted with the batch mixture frequently have to be replaced due to abrasive wear. There is a need to provide improved batch mixtures of ceramic materials that are easier to process.

Ceramic honeycomb bodies and manufacture


The invention relates to a method and a device for joining workpieces by means of a laser beam, wherein the device comprises: a scanner optics for guiding the laser beam; a press element, which, during the joining process, is pressed along a pressing direction onto at least one of the workpieces; and a housing, which houses the scanner optics and the laser beam running from the scanner optics towards the workpieces, wherein the press element forms a part of the housing and is movable relative to the rest of the housing by at least one degree of movement freedom.

The invention relates to a laser welding device for joining workpieces by means of a laser beam, and to a corresponding method.
Laser beam welding is used in particular in situations in which workpieces have to be joined with high welding travel speed, narrow weld seam shape and low thermal distortion. The workpieces to be joined are fixed in the respective desired position, for example by means of receiving or fixing devices provided for this purpose, and are then connected to one another by means of laser beam welding.
Due to the high light intensities used during laser welding, laser welding devices are general operated in a separate safety cabin, which ensures that the surrounding environment is shielded from the laser radiation. However, such safety cabins increase the spatial requirement of such a device since they generally house the entire laser beam machining device, and the operation of the cabins is complex and costly.
EP 2 149 421 A1 describes a device for welding workpieces by a means of a laser beam, wherein the laser beam of a fibre laser is focused by means of a collimator arranged in a housing. The collimator, which is provided in a pressure portion or pressure piece of the housing, can be moved by means of a linear drive parallel to a discharge slit in such a way that the laser beam can exit from the housing through the discharge slit and can produce a straight weld seam on a workpiece, which is fixed between the pressure piece of the housing and a second pressure piece.
The described linear guidance only enables beam guidance in a straight line, however, and therefore the workpieces to be welded have to be repeatedly repositioned in order to produce curved weld seams, said process therefore requiring an accordingly high expenditure of time. Furthermore, the feed rate of the laser process is predefined by the linear drive and for example is limited due to the mechanical stability of the collimator system, wherein such collimators generally comprise sensitive optical components and therefore for example should not be exposed to excessively high accelerations.
Furthermore, EP 2 149 421 A1 does not specify the shape or design of the workpieces to be machined; for example the described device and the respective pressure pieces do not take into account the fact that the shape of the workpieces to be fixed may vary and/or that workpieces with an irregular (for example non-co-planar, but for example three-dimensionally curved or stepped) shape may have to be machined. When machining workpieces with such an irregular design, it may be for example that the discharge slit of the housing cannot be completely covered by the workpiece, and therefore laser radiation may exit past the workpiece from the housing and for example may come into contact with individuals.

Device and method for joining workpieces by means of a laser beam and movable pressing element


Provided are a paging method and device in an unlicensed band. The method may include receiving configuration information about at least two paging occasions (POs) for paging in an unlicensed band; and sequentially monitoring a downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the paging occasions until a paging message is received on the basis of the configuration information.

The 3GPP has recently authorized "Study on New Radio Access Technology" which is a research item for next-generation radio access technology (in other words, 5G radio access technology). On the basis of the Study on New Radio Access Technology, Radio access network working group 1 (RAN WG1) has been discussing frame structures of new radio (NR), channel coding, channel coding & modulation, and waveform & multiple access scheme. It is required to design NR not only to provide an improved data transmission rate as compared with the long term evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced, but also to meet various requirements in detailed and specific usage scenarios.
As representative usage scenarios of NR, enhancement mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) have been defined. In order to meet the requirements for each usage scenario, it is required to design NR to have a flexible frame structure as compared with LTE.
Each usage scenario has different requirements for data rates, latency, reliability, and coverage. Thus, a need arises for a scheme of efficiently multiplexing radio resource units based on different numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing, subframe, transmission time interval (TTI), etc.) as a method for efficiently meeting the requirements for each usage scenario via the frequency band constituting any NR system.
As a part of such aspect, there is a demand for developing a design for performing paging in order to perform radio communication using an unlicensed band in NR.

Paging method and device in unlicensed band


An improved air spring suspension system which includes an air spring on each front spring of a vehicle. The air spring is secured juxtaposed the rear end suspension of each front leaf spring and includes slide pads on each surface of the rear support links. The slide pads and rear end of the springs are secured by a bolt having a self-locking nut and the support links have edges within which the slide pads slide in order to prevent side-to-side movement.

This invention is directed to leaf spring-air spring combination for supporting a front end of a vehicle which provides a softer ride and more stable handling of the vehicle.
It is well known in the prior art that wheeled vehicles such as trucks which are designed to carry heavy loads are relative hard riding and under a heavy load the steering is unstable.
Heretofore, several patents have been issued attempting to provide a smooth ride with stable steering . Such patents are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,031,179; 3,063,732; and 4,397,478. These patents lead to a smooth ride, however, they do not have the best steering which is desired by a driver of the vehicle.
This invention makes use of a direct air-ride suspension which is installed between a commonly used leaf spring and the frame of the body at the rearmost end of the leaf spring. The leaf spring is secured at its rearward end by slide pads and a self locking bolt so that the rearmost end of the spring will slide along the rear hanger.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an air-suspension in combination with a leaf spring which provides a smooth ride with better handling and control of the steering of the vehicle.
Another object is to provide an air-suspension in combination with a normally used leaf spring which makes use of the original equipment manufactured, OEM, without any alteration of the OEM.
Yet another object is to provide an air-suspension in combination with a leaf spring in which the air spring is easily and quickly installed on the vehicle.
Still another object is to provide an air-spring suspension which may be easily installed by unskilled as well as skilled persons without any problems.
The invention will be better understood and further objects and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the ensuing detailed description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings.

Suspension for smooth ride with good handling control of heavy load vehicles


An ultra-miniature interferometric fiber-optic encoder readhead for sensing displacement of a very fine pitch scale grating is disclosed. The readhead includes a source grating that diffracts diverging source light into +/− 1st order beams, a pair of mirrors that reflect the +/− 1st order beams to converge toward the scale grating. The +/− 1st order scale light beams are reflectively diffracted back from scale grating to return to the mirrors, and are then reflected to converge back toward the light source and a set of adjacent fiber-optic receiver channels. An interference field generating grating positioned in front of the receiver channels produces interference fringes having a desired pitch. Movement of the interference fringes is sensed by the fiber-optic receiver channels to provide displacement information. The readhead may be configured so that primarily or only +/− 1st order light reaches the receiver channels.

Various optical encoders for sensing linear, rotary or angular movement are currently available. One recent system that is compact and utilizes fewer parts than most previous systems is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,909,283, to Eselun. However, the resulting encoder is still of a size that is relatively large or prohibitive for a number of applications. A very compact system utilizing optical fibers as receivers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,071, to Tokunaga. The system described in the '071 patent has a code member scale, and an optical sensor head comprising an optical fiber tip light emitter and two optical fiber tip receptors closely arranged along the code member measuring axis. The optical sensor head is rotated (yawed) to adjust the phase difference between the two optical fiber tip receptors. However, the accuracy of the resulting encoder is relatively crude. Another optical encoder utilizing optical fibers as receivers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,976 to McMahon. The system described in the '976 patent includes optical fibers with striped ends that are positioned opposite relatively movable coded channel patterns, permitting the detection of motions that are comparable to the stripe width rather than the fiber diameter. However, the accuracy and resolution of the resulting encoder is still relatively crude compared to that provided by an interferometric-type encoder, and compared to that needed for a number of applications. In various applications, it is desirable to use a so-called interferometric-type optical encoder, in order to achieve high resolution and accuracy. However, known interferometric-type optical encoders are not sufficiently compact for a number of applications, or they employ electronic detectors that limit the possible output frequency and motion speeds, or both.

Fiber-optic miniature encoder for fine pitch scales


A kit for facilitating crimping of a prosthetic heart valve for implantation at an aortic valve site in a human heart, the aortic valve site including a plurality of valve sinuses, the kit comprising a prosthetic aortic heart valve having a tubular structure and a first central axis including an anchoring structure comprising an annular outflow member, an annular inflow member, and a plurality of axial connection formations arranged in pairs angularly distributed around the central axis, and a plurality of leaflets coupled to the anchoring structure and adapted to substantially allow blood flow in a first direction and to substantially prevent blood flow in a second direction. The kit further includes a holder member comprising a first disc support member that includes a central hub and a plurality of bridge elements, wherein the hub and the bridge elements extend axially from opposite sides of the disc support member; and a second ring support member that includes receptacles for coupling with the bridge elements, and a plurality of finger formations protruding axially from the ring member and extending lengthwise along at least a portion of the prosthetic aortic heart valve.

In the fields of heart valve surgery and interventional cardiology, easy handling of medical devices and the reduction of the time required to perform a surgical intervention and procedure are main topics of the medical and technological research in the field. With reference to the implantation of expandable heart valve prostheses (such as, e.g., sutureless valve prostheses), a current practice provides that a heart valve prosthesis should be stored in a sterile environment in order to maintain its integrity and also in order to prevent air from being trapped in the structure of the prosthesis. Such prostheses may also be required to be crimped (i.e., radially collapsed) and coupled to a delivery instrument in order to be delivered to an implantation site, for example, in a minimally invasive or percutaneous procedure.
Crimping an implantable medical device may present a number of important issues. While many crimping devices with different features have been devised to facilitate the crimping operation, such a step may remain rather delicate and complex to perform. One of the challenges for the practitioner when crimping an implantable medical device onto a delivery instrument lies in achieving a desired positioning, in particular, an angular positioning, of the implantable device on the crimping device. In various prior art devices, the delivery instruments are provided with angular indicia (for example, markers which are intended to identify the commissures of an aortic or tricuspid valve) intended to aid the practitioner in correctly positioning the implantable device at the implantation site. These devices, however, may involve a risk of damaging the implantable medical device as the practitioner adjusts the angular position of the implantable medical device within the crimping orifice by contacting and manipulating the implantable device directly.

Kit for the manipulation of implantable medical devices


Embodiments of the invention provide for a method of producing a silylated polyoxyalkylene polymer having at least one crosslinkable silyl group and at least one hydroxyl group in each molecule. The method comprises providing a polyoxyalkylene polymer having at least one unsaturated group and at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in each molecule, wherein the polyoxyalkylene polymer includes an impurity double metal cyanide complex mixed therein, and wherein the polyoxyalkylene polymer has not been treated with a metal-coordinating compound; and adding to the polyoxyalkylene polymer a compound having a hydrogen-silicon bond and a crosslinkable silyl group in each molecule and a hydrosilylation catalyst to thereby carry out a hydrosilylation reaction, wherein the hydrosilyation reaction is performed in an absence of a metal-coordinating compound.

Crosslinkable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymers are widely used as raw material polymers in sealing materials, adhesives, coating materials and the like for architectural or industrial use. Such crosslinkable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymers may be produced according to various methods, such as the methods mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,995. For example, first a polyoxyalkylene polymer having at least one unsaturated group and at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in each molecule may be obtained by subjecting an epoxy compound to ring opening polymerization using an unsaturated group- and active hydrogen-containing compound as a polymerization initiator and a double metal cyanide complex as a catalyst. The polyoxyalkylene polymer may then be reacted with a compound having a hydrogen-silicon bond and a crosslinkable silyl group in each molecule in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst to thereby carry out a hydrosilylation reaction. However, according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,995, in order for the hydrosilylation yield to be acceptable, the polyoxyalkylene polymer must first either have the double metal cyanide complex catalyst removed or be treated with a metal-coordinating compound before the hydrosilylation reaction.
Therefore there is a need for method for producing crosslinkable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymers without the need to remove or otherwise treat the double metal cyanide catalyst.

Methods for producing crosslinkable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymers


The present invention provides an RNA polymerase III promoter characterized in that a part of its sequence is substituted with a sequence capable of undergoing specific DNA recombination by Cre recombinase in such a manner functions of PSE and a TATA box are not impaired. This RNA polymerase III promoter can be used in a RNAi induction method with the condition that RNAi molecules to be used in analyzing gene function can be induced at an arbitrary point of time or only in a specific tissue (organ).

In eukaryotic organisms, there are commonly three types of RNA polymerases, that is, I to III. The polymerase III synthesizes low molecular weight RNA genes such as transfer RNA (hereinafter, referred to as "tRNA") and small nuclear RNAs (hereinafter, referred to as "snRNA". In the RNA synthesis by the polymerase III, the transcription start site is precisely determined, and the transcription is terminated by a sequence of five consecutive thymidines on DNA. In addition, at the end of the transcription, two or three adenyls are added. The polymerase III promoter includes two types of promoters, that is, a promoter with a TATA box, and a promoter without a TATA box. The polymerase III promoter with a TATA box is utilized for analysis of the gene function as described below.
In the post-genome sequence era, as a method for analyzing the gene function, an approach of reverse genetics such as RNA interference (hereinafter, referred to as "RNAi") by which determination of the base sequence of genes leads to identification of its function has gained attention. The RNAi is a phenomenon in which a double-stranded RNA (hereinafter, referred to as "dsRNA") constituted by a sense RNA that is homologous to a specific region of a gene whose function is desired to be inhibited and an anti-sense RNA interferes and destroys the homologous portion of mRNA that is a transcription product of the target gene.
For example, when a synthesized short chain interfering RNA (hereinafter, referred to as "siRNA") constituted by dsRNA of less than 30 base pairs is introduced into a mammal cell, mRNA having a homologous sequence is degraded. As a result, expression of proteins to which the target mRNA is to be translated is significantly reduced. Similarly, it has been made evident that RNAi can be induced by introducing a DNA vector expressing sense chain and anti-sense chain RNA simultaneously, or a hairpin RNA (hereinafter, referred to as "hpRNA") of invert repeat sequences, to a mammal cell. A method using the RNA polymerase III promoter at this time has been developed.
Nature Biotech (2002) 20: 446-448
Nature Biotech (2002) 19: 497-500
The RNA synthesis method employing RNA polymerase III promoters has made it possible to try to isolate a cell where RNAi is occurred constantly or to produce a transgenic (TG) mouse where RNAi is occurred for the purpose of analyzing the gene function.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. (2002) 99(8):5515-20
FEBS lett. (2002) 532 (1-2): 227-30
However, RNAi is a mechanism for suppressing gene expression, so that growth of a cell can be significantly affected, depending on the target gene whose expression is to be suppressed, and therefore it can be predicted that the cell where RNAi is occurred cannot be cloned or that a TG mouse that induces RNAi dies in the fetus stage. In order to prove a connection between suppressor genes and the abnormality of a phenotype more precisely, it is necessary to trigger RNAi in the development stage or only a specific tissue (organ) for analysis of the gene function.
In view of the above, it is expected to establish a method for inducing RNAi with the condition that RNAi can be induced in an arbitrary point of time, or only in a specific tissue (organ).
On the other hand, as a method for controlling so that a target gene becomes defective only under certain conditions or in a certain issue, a Cre-loxP system has been developed, and is used to produce, for example, knock-out mice or the like.
JP H1-112986A
This system utilizes the fact that Cre recombinase of a bacteriophage PI recognizes a loxP sequence of 34 bases, and DNA recombination is caused so that a loop-out occurs in a region between the loxP sequences, and this Cre-loxP system is known to function in mammal cells. In this system, when a configuration in which a stuffer flanked by the loxP sequences is arranged between a promoter and a target gene is used, in general, only the gene in the stuffer is expressed, and expression of the target gene is completely suppressed. However, Cre recombinase acts thereon, a homologous recombination occurs between the two loxP sequences. As a result, the stuffer gene is removed, and expression of the target gene is induced.
(Special issue of experimental medical science, The protocol series Experimental method for gene function inhibition, pp. 33 to 37, Tanabe, 2001)
Then, the inventors of the present invention tested to combine the RNAi method and the Cre-loxP system. However, when the target gene is a gene that is transcribed to a molecular inducing RNAi, in the Cre-loxP system in which a stuffer sequence flanked by loxP sequences is introduced between a promoter and a target gene, one of the loxP sequences remains, so that this is also transcribed together with the target gene and inserted in the RNAi molecule, so that the RNAi molecules results in having an inappropriate structure. As a result, the originally target RNAi failed to be occurred.

RNA polymerase III promoter, process for producing the same and method of using the same


A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a broadcasting stream for providing a digital broadcasting service including a subtitle service are provided. A method of transmitting a data stream includes: generating a subtitle stream including basic viewpoint subtitle data and additional viewpoint subtitle data to reproduce a three-dimensional (3D) subtitle on a video screen on which video data is reproduced; determining 3D subtitle reproduction information for forming the 3D subtitle on the video screen based on the basic viewpoint subtitle data; and outputting a data stream by multiplexing a video stream including the video data, the 3D subtitle reproduction information, and the subtitle stream.

1. Field
Methods and apparatuses consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to transmitting and receiving a broadcasting stream for providing a digital broadcasting service, and more particularly, to transmitting and receiving a broadcasting stream including a subtitle data to reproduce a three-dimensional (3D) subtitle on a video screen.
2. Description of the Related Art
A digital broadcasting system may provide a subtitle service on a video screen along with video content and audio content via a broadcast program.
A digital broadcast receiver receiving a broadcasting stream providing a digital broadcasting service restores and reproduces video content by decoding received video data. Also, the digital broadcast receiver may generate a subtitle by using subtitle data received together with the video data through the broadcasting stream, and compose the video content and the subtitle to be displayed together on a video screen.
Demands for 3D content having sense of reality and a 3D effect are increasing. Also, an amount of broadcasting content or broadcasting programs to be reproduced in 3D is increasing. A digital broadcasting receiving system that supports a 3D video may reproduce the 3D video by receiving 3D broadcasting content. Additional functions of the digital broadcasting receiving system are required to be changed according to change of reproducing method of broadcast content due to supply of 3D video broadcast content.

Method and apparatus for providing digital broadcasting service with 3-dimensional subtitle


A circuit board includes a substrate and a supporting frame fixed to, and supporting, the substrate. The supporting frame includes a main body, a pressing supporting portion, two pulling supporting portions and two fixing portions. The main body includes a first arm and a second arm connected to the first arm. The pressing supporting portion extends downwards from a junction of the first arm and the second arm for counterbalancing a downward force applied upon the substrate. The pulling supporting portions respectively extend downwards from distal ends of the first arm and second arm for counterbalancing an upward force applied upon the substrate. The two fixing portions are respectively formed on the first arm and second arm. Each of the fixing portions is located between the pressing supporting portion and one corresponding pulling supporting portion and is closer to the corresponding pulling supporting portion.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to supporting frames, and particularly, to a supporting frame for enhancing the stability of a circuit board.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, sockets are arranged on circuit boards, such as motherboards of computers, for connecting electronic devices to the circuit boards. However, a portion of the circuit board on which the socket is arranged is usually difficult to fix to achieve stability, which can result in the warping of the circuit board during the connecting and disconnecting of the electronic devices.
What is needed, therefore, is a supporting frame for a circuit board to overcome the associated limitations.


The present disclosure provides sustained decap for inkjet inks and related methods. As such, an inkjet ink composition can comprise a linear polyurethane binder having a weight average molecular weight of less than 50,000 Mw; from 5 wt % to 20 wt % of an organic cosolvent system including a first organic cosolvent selected from the group of 2-hydroxyethylurea, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, di-(2-hydoxyethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,1,1,-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 1,2,4-butanetriol, and mixtures thereof; water; and a colorant. Additionally, the organic cosolvent system can also comprise less than 5 wt % total organic cosolvent having a boiling point less than 250° C. based on the weight of the inkjet ink composition.

There are several reasons that inkjet printing has become a popular way of recording images on various media surfaces, particularly paper and photo media substrates. Some of these reasons include low printer noise, capability of high-speed recording, and capability of multicolor recording. Additionally, these advantages can be obtained at a relatively low price to consumers. With respect to inkjet ink chemistry, the majority of commercial inkjet inks are water-based. Thus, their constituents are generally water-soluble, as is the case with many dyes, or water dispersible, as is the case with pigments. Furthermore, inkjet inks have low viscosity to accommodate high frequency jetting and firing chamber refill processes can be typical ink inkjet architecture. Inks having positive printing characteristics with respect to inkjet architecture often have less than ideal performance on the printed page, and vice versa. Thus, finding additional formulations that perform well in a printer device as well as on print media would be an advancement in the art.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


(A) One or both of an object and a robot are measured by measuring units to acquire sensor information. (B) The internal state of one or both of the object and the robot is predicted and updated by a state estimation unit on the basis of the sensor information. (C) The internal state is stored by a data storage unit. (D) The robot is controlled by a robot control unit. At (B), the internal state is updated by the state estimation unit at an arbitrary timing that is independent of the control cycle of the robot. At (D), a prediction value necessary for controlling the robot is calculated by the robot control unit at a control cycle on the basis of the latest internal state stored in the data storage unit.

(In the Case where a Robot is Controlled by Measuring the Position of the Robot)
In a control device adapted to control the drive of a robot by calculating the position or the posture of the robot by using information from sensors installed on the robot or outside the robot, the following sensors and measurement methods are generally used to measure the position and the posture of a robot.
(1) Method Using Internal Sensors on a Robot
For example, a gyro sensor mounted on a robot, or an encoder or the like on a wheel is used to measure the velocity, the acceleration, the angular velocity or the like of the robot. A steering angle of a robot is measured by an encoder or the like of a steering unit mounted on the robot.
(2) Method Using External Sensors on a Robot
For example, a range sensor (a laser range finder (LRF), laser radar or the like), a camera, or the like mounted on a robot is used to measure the position or the posture of a landmark around the robot. One or both of the current position and posture are measured by a GPS compass or the like installed on the robot.
(3) Method for Measuring with External Sensors Outside a Robot
A range sensor, a camera, or the like installed outside a robot is used to measure the position or the posture of the robot within a measurement range.
It is difficult to accurately determine the position or the posture of a robot by a single sensor, so that there are cases where a plurality of the sensors or the measurement methods described above is used to determine the position or the posture from a plurality of obtained measurement results.
However, the plurality of measurement results cannot be easily compared for the following reasons.
The position and the posture measured in the above-described methods (2) and (3) are relative position and posture indicated by a coordinate system whose origin is a particular point or the sensor used for measurement. Each origin of measurement coordinates is different, and in the case of a sensor on a robot, the position of the robot itself that becomes the origin is unknown, thus making it difficult to compare the measurement results simply by coordinate conversion or the like.
The above-described method (1) is not intended to directly measure the position or the posture, so that direct comparison with the methods (2) and (3) is impossible.
Further, as will be described hereinafter, it is difficult to carry out measurement, synchronizing all sensor information. Hence, there are cases where the measurement time of each obtained measurement result is different. Since the position and the posture of a robot change from moment to moment, the measurement results obtained at different time cannot be simply compared. This problem is apt to arise especially when the velocity of a robot is fast since the change amounts of the position and the posture are large.
a. In general, the sensor information of internal sensors in the same robot is acquired in synchronization. However, it is difficult, for example, to share one synchronization signal among different robots (wired connection being necessary). It is difficult, therefore, to synchronize the information of internal sensors among a plurality of robots.
b. In the case where external sensors are used, as in the method (3), it is also difficult to synchronize the external sensors and the sensors on the robot if synchronization signals are need to be transmitted and received among a plurality of devices, as in the case of "a".
c. The sensors used in the method (2) or (3) incur measurement delay due mainly to the measurement time of the sensors themselves or the time for processing the sensor information obtained from the sensors. Hence, the measurement results obtained by the sensors become old sensor information by the measurement delay, making the measurement time thereof different from the measurement time of the sensor information of the internal sensors as in the method (1). Further, there are cases where an object to be measured moves out of the fields of view of the sensors, so that the measurement results at specified time are not necessarily obtained at all times.
(In the Case of Handling a Moving Workpiece)
In an automated device adapted to handle a moving workpiece by a robot, it is necessary to measure the position of the workpiece by a visual sensor such as a camera, or a range sensor such as a laser range finder (LRF), installed on the robot or outside the robot, and then to carry out follow-up control on a robot arm according to the measurement results.
In the case where a robot itself moves, which is a mobile robot, the same technology is used since it is necessary to measure the position of the mobile robot by sensors installed on the robot or outside the robot and to control the robot on the basis of measurement results. Methods for measuring the position of the robot include a method for measuring the position relative to a landmark by a sensor on the robot, and a method for directly measuring the position of the robot by a sensor installed outside the robot, as described above.
In the following description, a moving workpiece or a mobile robot will be also referred to simply as "a mobile object" in some cases.
In the control for predicting the motion of the robot described above, the relative position between an object (a workpiece or a landmark) and the robot, which changes from moment to moment, is measured at a predetermined cycle (e.g., by a 30-fps camera), and a movement command to, for example, move the robot close to the workpiece, is output to the robot on the basis of the measurement results.
However, even when the robot is operated, aiming at the measured position of the workpiece, the robot possibly fails to follow the moving workpiece due to a control delay which includes a measurement delay of the sensor, a delay in acquiring data, and a motional delay of the robot.
Further, in the case of a visual sensor, the measurement cycle of the sensor is generally longer than a control cycle (e.g., 4 ms) of the robot. Therefore, the robot will not obtain the up-to-date measurement result in each control cycle, which leads to a measurement delay accordingly. Especially if image processing takes time or the workpiece moves out of the field of view of a camera, then the cycle in which the measurement result is updated is further prolonged and also becomes non-constant. Thus, devices handling a moving workpiece or a mobile robot cause a problem in that the follow-up performance of a robot deteriorates due to a control delay.
To solve the problem with the background art described above, various control means have already been proposed (e.g., Patent Literatures 1 to 4).
The "DEVICE FOR PREDICTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION" in Patent Literature (PLT) 1 is adapted to estimate motion parameters from the positional data of an object that performs simple harmonic motions, predict a future position thereof, and grasp the object by a manipulator on the basis of the positional information.
The "STATE ESTIMATION MEANS" in PLT 2 is adapted to estimate an internal state of a system which has performed observation, on the basis of observation signals input in time series by observation. The internal state means a state variable such as the position, the posture, and deflection angle of an object.
The "MOTION PREDICTION DEVICE" in PLT 3 combines background processing and foreground processing to carry out automatic tracking and motion prediction.
The "ROBOT DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF" in PLT 4 proposes a method in which an arm is first caused to follow an object, and a destination of the object is predicted by making use of the coincidence between the motion state of the arm at the time of the follow-up and the motion state of the object. Thus, predicting the destination of the object by considering the motion state of the arm enables the grasping of a mobile object.

Motion prediction control device and method


A method of reducing by-product deposition inside wafer processing equipment includes providing a chamber having a peripheral inner wall and placing a semiconductor wafer within the chamber. The method also includes placing a ring within the chamber proximate the peripheral inner wall and introducing a plurality of reactant gases into the chamber and reacting the gases. The method also includes introducing a heated gas into the chamber through the ring proximate the peripheral inner wall to increase the temperature of the peripheral inner wall.

This invention relates generally to semiconductor manufacturing and more particularly to a method and system for reducing by-product deposition in wafer processing equipment.
During the manufacture of semiconductor components, such as integrated circuits, memory chips, and the like, the failure of valves and pumps used in connection with wafer processing equipment is problematic. The failure is often caused by the deposition of by-products, such as by deposition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). In certain chemical vapor deposition (xe2x80x9cCVDxe2x80x9d) processes such as chloride-based ammonium reduction CVD processes, ammonia chloride (NH4Cl) is formed by reacting, for example, hydrogen chloride (HCL) with ammonia (NH3). The resulting ammonia chloride may sublimate to a solid and stick to the inside of a wafer processing chamber wall or on the inside of associated valves and pumps. The build up over time of solidified ammonium chloride inside the valves and pumps may cause the valves to leak and the pumps to degrade, and the solidified ammonium chloride may also be transmitted into the process chambers, contaminating the manufacturing processes and reducing their yield.
One attempt at solving such a problem involves placing heaters around the wafer processing chamber or associated pump or conduits to maintain the produced ammonium chloride in a gaseous form to prevent sublimation to a solid form. However, in single wafer processing reactors for chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride (SiCl2H2 and NH3 reaction) and titanium nitride (TiCl4 and NH3 reaction), process gases from a shower head flow into and through a chamber with high velocity and low temperatures. This flow removes a large amount of heat from inner walls of the reaction system. Because of the removal of heat from the inner walls, heating the outer walls may not be sufficient to prevent sublimation of ammonium chloride to a solid form.
Accordingly, a need has arisen for an improved method and system for reducing ammonium chloride deposition in wafer processing equipment. The present invention provides a method and system for reducing ammonium chloride deposition in single wafer processing equipment that addresses shortcomings of prior systems and methods.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a method of reducing by-product deposition inside wafer processing equipment includes providing a chamber having a peripheral inner wall and placing a semiconductor wafer within the chamber. The method also includes placing a ring within the chamber proximate the peripheral inner wall and introducing a plurality of reactant gases into the chamber and reacting the gases. The method also includes introducing a heated gas into the chamber through the ring proximate the peripheral inner wall to increase the temperature of the peripheral inner wall.
According to another embodiment the invention, a method of reducing by-product deposition inside wafer processing equipment includes providing a chamber and placing a semiconductor wafer within the chamber. The method also includes connecting the chamber to a pump through a conduit and placing a heating element within the interior of the conduit to increase a temperature within the conduit. The method also includes introducing a plurality of reactant gases into the chamber and reacting the gases.
Embodiments of the invention provide numerous technical advantages. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, introduction of a heated gas through a ring along the periphery of the inner wall of a chamber inhibits solidification of by-products in wafer processing, such as ammonium chloride. Such inhibiting reduces degeneration of associated valves and pumps. In addition, the amount of solidified by-product contaminating the manufacturing process is reduced, which increases the yield of the manufacturing process.
Other technical advantages are readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

Method for reducing by-product deposition in wafer processing equipment


The disclosure is directed to a mobile communication device, and method for controlling power saving features at the mobile device. A processor in the mobile device may be used to establish a network connection with a server in a first network. The mobile device may also include a transceiver that initiates transmission of a message to the server to determine if an incoming call request has been received via a second network. Advantageously, the transceiver is in a low power mode of operation for a selectable time interval when not communicating with the server.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to telecommunications, and more particularly, to systems and methods to retrieving call set-up information for a mobile communications device in a power efficient manner.
2. Background
The demand for wireless information services has led to the development of an ever increasing number of wireless networks. CDMA2000 1x is just one example of a wireless network that provides wide area telephony and data services. CDMA2000 1x is a wireless standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) using code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. CDMA is a technology that allows multiple users to share a common communications medium using spread-spectrum processing. A competing wireless network that is commonly employed in Europe is Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Unlike CDMA2000 1x, GSM uses narrowband time division multiple access (TDMA) to support wireless telephony and data services. Some other wireless networks include General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) which supports high speed data services with data rates suitable for e-mail and web browsing applications, and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which can deliver broadband voice and data for audio and video applications.
These wireless networks can generally be thought of as wide area networks employing cellular technology. Cellular technology is based on a topology in which the geographic coverage region is broken up into cells. Within each of these cells is a fixed base transceiver station (BTS) that communicates with mobile users. A base station controller (BSC) is typically employed in the geographic coverage region to control the BTSs and route communications to the appropriate gateways for the various packet-switched and circuit-switched networks.
Interest in improving the mobile communications devices that take advantage of these various wireless wide area network technologies is almost as great as the interest in improving the underlying technologies themselves. More specifically, power management, or power conservation, techniques that extend or prolong the life of the batteries used in mobile communications devices has been one area of particular interest. One common technique used in cellular CDMA networks involves the use of a paging channel and, sometimes, a quick paging channel. A paging channel is often used to notify a mobile device, such as a cellular telephone or another type of wireless terminal, that an incoming request to communicate is pending for the mobile device. The use of such a paging channel allows the mobile device to be in a low-power mode, often referred to as "sleep mode", at all times except for its assigned time slot for listening to the paging channel. If no call is pending, then the mobile device need only remain active long enough to listen to its assigned slot on the paging channel before returning to the sleep mode. Another technique is to use a quick paging channel in which the mobile device listens to the quick paging channel for even a briefer period of time to determine if it should stay active long enough to listen to its slot on the paging channel.
As the demand for wireless information services continue to increase, mobile devices are evolving to support integrated voice, data, and streaming media while providing seamless network coverage between wide area cellular networks and wireless local area networks (LAN). Wireless LANs generally provide telephony and data services over relatively small geographic regions using a standard protocol, such as IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or the like. The existence of wireless LANs provides a unique opportunity to increase user capacity in a wide area cellular network by extending cellular communications to the unlicensed spectrum using the infrastructure of the wireless LAN.
However, unlike in CDMA and other cellular networks, access to the transmission medium in a wireless LAN occurs in an asynchronous or random manner. Accordingly, the traditional CDMA paging channel or quick paging channel, previously described which relies on the mobile devices being synchronized to a common clock, cannot be implemented in the wireless LAN environment. In some wireless LAN environments, no power saving modes are contemplated and, therefore, the mobile communications devices using such a wireless LAN are always in an active mode. In other instances, certain wireless LAN technologies have implemented some type of power saving techniques by a periodic broadcast of information packets identifying which mobile devices have waiting data (e.g., TIM packets within the 802.11b/g networks). However, without any synchronizing information to know when the information packet will be broadcast, a mobile device must remain in an active mode for at least the time interval between the information packet broadcasts to ensure the mobile device is made aware of the waiting data in a timely manner. While this latter technique does provide some power savings, it remains inefficient at conserving power and prolonging battery life in mobile communications devices.
Thus, regardless of whether a mobile communications device is primarily communicating via a wireless LAN or a wide area cellular network, efficient power management so as to prolong battery life remains an important consideration in system and device design.


A blur preventing device of a camera includes a base portion having a depressed portion on one side thereof to allow a nose of a user to be inserted therein; a sebaceous matter absorbing layer disposed on a surface of the base portion including the depressed portion; and an adhesive layer disposed on a back surface of the base portion to be detachably attached to a back side of the camera. Since a user can hold the camera by pressing the nose against the back side of the camera through the blur preventing device, a picture without blur can be taken. Moreover, there is no risk of staining the back of the camera with the sebaceous matter since the blur preventing device is provided with the sebaceous matter absorbing layer.

The invention relates to a device to be attached to a camera for preventing blur in case a picture is taken by holding the camera with hands.
In case a picture is taken by holding a camera with hands, it is said, as a basic principle, that the camera is supported by three points, i.e. both hands and a face of a user, to prevent the picture from being blurred and to take a clear picture. However, it is not easy to prevent the picture from being blurred for a beginner as well as a veteran photographer. Although a lens having a blur preventing function built therein is sold on a market, the lens is very expensive and can not be attached to a camera where the lens can not be exchanged. Thus, this kind of lens is not so popular. Therefore, in order to prevent the blur of the picture, it is necessary to firmly hold the camera with both hands and, at the same time, to allow a face, especially nose, of a user to be pressed against a back side of the camera.
However, when the nose is pressed against the back side or cover of the camera, sebaceous matter of the nose adheres to the back side of the camera to stain the back cover therewith.
There are also devices to be attached to the camera for holding the camera to a body or head of a user. However, such devices are large and are not handy to be used easily together with the camera.
In view of the above-stated problems, the present invention has been made and an object of the invention is to provide a blur preventing device, wherein even if a nose of a user is pressed against a back side of a camera to prevent the blur, the back side is not stained with sebaceous matter of the user.
Another object of the invention is to provide a blur preventing device as stated above, which can be produced at a low cost.
A further object of the invention is to provide a blur preventing device as stated above, which can be attached to a camera without exchanging a lens.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention.