A gas generator includes an initiator having a case, two electrodes and a cap having a wall delimiting an aperture for insertion of the case, a part delimiting an aperture for access to the electrodes and a retaining part made of plastic material overmolded into the aperture between the initiator, the cap and the part. The wall includes, near the aperture and the protrusion retaining the cap, a second protrusion for supporting the mold in a support direction having a component extending from the bottom toward the aperture, the second protrusion having an outer edge at least partially not covered by the part for use as a support surface in said support direction for a mold to be used for overmolding.

Gas generators are used in particular for inflating an inflatable safety cushion (airbag) or for triggering a seat belt pretensioner in an automobile vehicle.
Such a gas generator customarily includes a hollow body containing gas generation means, such as for example a pyrotechnic charge, as well as an electropyrotechnic initiator for triggering the generation of the gas and its escape through the apertures of a diffuser.
The initiator is electrically controlled by two electrodes, the generator including a case delimiting an aperture giving access from the outside to the electrodes of the initiator.
A retaining part is provided in the aperture between the initiator and the housing to hold them in their relative position, the electrodes crossing outward through the aperture as well as the retaining part.
Said retaining part is customarily made of overmoulded plastic.
One of the problems presented by the overmoulded part is the seal between the overmoulded part and the initiator.
Indeed, moisture must not be allowed to pass from the outside to the inner chamber of the gas generator containing the gas generation means. In particular, said moisture must not be allowed to pass along the two electrodes that are accessible from the outside and along the rest of the initiator.
Document US-A-2004/0232679 describes a gas generator, including an electropyrotechnic initiator, an assembly housing gas generator means arranged to release at least one gas following ignition of the electropyrotechnic initiator, the initiator including a case containing the pyrotechnic charge of the initiator and two electrodes jutting outside the case for electrically controlling the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge of the initiator, the initiator additionally including a cap, which caps the case on the gas generation means side, the gas generator also including a determined part delimiting a first access aperture from the outside to the electrodes of the initiator and a retaining part obtained by overmoulding plastic in the first opening between the initiator, the cap and the determined part, for retaining the initiator and maintaining the initiator in position with respect to the determined part, the electrodes crossing outward through the first aperture and the retaining part, the cap including a bottom integral with a side wall delimiting a second aperture in which the case is inserted, the wall having an outer protrusion for retaining the cap in a corresponding recess in the retaining part.
Thus, document US-A-2004/0232679 provides, for protection against moisture from the outside, for sealing the inside of the hollow body containing the gas generating material with an initiator retaining part, which is an integral part of a member welded to the hollow body. The document indicates that a seal is thus obtained between the retaining part and the hollow body. However, the document does not provide any means for preventing moisture from crossing along the electrodes and along the initiator toward the inside of the hollow body.
Initiators, the cap whereof is surrounded by a part made of plastic, are also known from documents DE-A-19914241, WO 2004/003457 and US-A-2004/0123765. These initiators require an additional separate retaining part gripping the plastic part to hold the initiator within a gas generator.
Document WO 02/36525 describes a system that allows several initiators to be held relative to a metal base by means of a metal part and of an overmoulded nylon body completely surrounding the initiator.

Gas generator and manufacturing process thereof


Process for soil conditioning includes applying to the soil a composition comprising at least a water soluble or swellable polymer. The composition has a particulate form and is applied by an aerial application. The process is suitable for soil conditioning and for reduction in soil erosion in agriculture, forestry, construction and civil engineering, mining, water storage and transportation, protection of rivers and delta against pollution, environmental conservation.

Following the Second World War, polymers, generally water soluble, were used to stabilize soils. Scientific literature, in the 50s, describes the use of different soil conditioning polymers as the Krilium® of the Monsato Chemical Company.
Several other polymers have been described afterwards to condition soils:                Synthetic polymers: for instance, homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid and its salts, methacrylic acid and its salts, acrylonitrile, vinylpyrolidone, vinylformamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and its salts, vinyl acetate, maleic acid or ethylene oxide and derivatives likes hydrolysed polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol;        Natural polymers, natural gums, polysaccharides and their derivatives: galactomannan, guar gum, carob gum, xanthan gum, arabic gum, chitosan, carrageenan, pectins, starch, modified starches, alginates, celluloses, cellulose derivatives (cellulose ethers), agar-agar;        Grafted polymers: for instance, starch-acrylamide-acrylates, starch-acrylonitrile, chitosan-acrylic acid copolymers.
Among all these polymers, polyacrylamides have been the focus of research and have been adopted for their efficiency in soil conditioning, reduction of soil erosion, increased water quality post irrigation and their low cost.
Polyacrylamide added to irrigation water has proven to decrease soil erosion drastically. Lentz and al. have applied polyacrylamide doses from 1 to 20 ppm in irrigation water (furrow irrigation) and have controlled erosion by 96% with the 10 ppm dose. Literature is abundant for this topic including the following article: "preventing irrigation furrow erosion with small application of polymers" published in the Soil Science Society of America Journal (1992, issue 56, pages 1926-1932).
The application of polyacrylamide (PAM), reduces the redistribution of fine soil particles in irrigation or rain water and prevents the formation of crust on the soil surface. Crust formation is caused by soil fines clogging the soil pores, leading to the formation of an impervious layer that restricts water and air movement into the soil profile. Seedlings have difficulty breaking through the crust, limiting the crops emergence. Seedling emergence can be improved by an application of polyacrylamide before the first rain event or prior to during the post-planting irrigation application.
The ability of polyacrylamide to flocculate the solids out of the irrigation and runoff water also prevents the discharge of nutrients and pesticides which have attached to the soil particles. By limiting the amount of soil, nutrient, and pesticide runoff, polyacrylamide helps improve the water quality post-irrigation, reduces the turbidly of the tail water, and helps improve the "health" of the drainage ecosystem. For these reasons polyacrylamide is a valuable conservation tool used to address the water quality in production agriculture.
By binding smaller particles together, polyacrylamide helps increase the particle size. The larger particle size decreases pore clogging, increases soil uniformity, and increases infiltration rates. All of these factors allow for better wetting of the soil profile and more efficient use of water, which can lead to yield increases and a decrease in irrigation cost.
Water soluble polymers have several benefits as described above. However, their application on the soil is limited to irrigation periods and it is often limited by the number of irrigation cycles during the growing season. Currently irrigation water is the primary method of application of these products.
If the irrigation water source is a canal water, typically the water is treated in the canal using the dry form of polyacrylamide and is applied using a granular applicator. The polymer is dosed into the water and the water is pulled out the canal.
If the irrigation water is a well, polyacrylamide, in emulsion form is injected either at the well head or in-field riser. The riser being the point in the field where the water is delivered. In most cases, a well supplies multiple risers for a total of 140 to −200 acres on average.
The delivery of the water from the canals and wells differs in application. Most canal irrigated scenarios use a form of suction tube to pull water out of the canal. Each tube is placed in either every row or every other raw. In a well scenario the water is pumped out of the riser in a "Poly pipe". Poly Pipe is a large inflatable roll of plastic pipe than runs along the high side of a field. The irrigator then pokes holes in the pipe to release the water. The number of holes and spacing of holes are determined by the target volume raw spacing. A computer program is typically used to determine the size and number of holes in a run of Poly pipe.
Patent application PCT/FR2014/051863 describes a soil conditioning process to apply a water or swellable polymer to the soil consisting in preparing polymer in a concentrated liquid form and in applying this preparation on the surface of a support in rotation around its axis of revolution in order to create droplets which are spreaded to the soil. This process allows to apply soil conditioning polymer without irrigation system but the concerned support in rotation is fixed for instance on a tractor and so application is time consuming if large surfaces have to be treated.

Process for soil conditioning by aerial application of water soluble or swellable polymers


A rotary cutting die assembly is provided that includes a die cylinder, an anvil, and a die board mounted to the die cylinder. The die board includes a series of trim cutting blades. Disposed on the outside of each trim cutting blade is a trim stripper. Secured to the die board adjacent the outside of the trim strippers is a series of retainers that generally retain the trim strippers between trip cutting blades and the retainers. This generally prevents cut pieces of trim from being packed and wedged into a gap between the trim cutting blades and the trim strippers.

Rotary cutting dies are commonly used for producing a container or carton blank from corrugated board sheet material. Such rotary dies are typically comprised of a die cylinder, a die board mounted on the die cylinder and including cutting blades and scoring rules, and an anvil mounted adjacently the die cylinder and the die board. A nip is defined between the die board and the anvil and sheets of corrugated board are fed into the nip. As the corrugated board is fed through the nip, the cutting rules, scoring rules and other devices and elements mounted on the die board engage and operate on the corrugated board passing through the nip and between the die board and the anvil.
Most die boards are designed to trim the corrugated board along surrounding edges as the corrugated board passes through the nip. To accomplish this, the die board is provided with a series of trim cutting blades. Also mounted to the die board adjacent the outside of the respective trim cutting blades is elastomer trim transfer devices or trim strippers. The trim strippers are compressible and resilient. During the trim cutting process, the trim strippers engage the cut pieces of trim as they pass through the nip and hold the cut pieces of trim against the anvil for a short period of time. The trim strippers function to separate the cut pieces of trim from the resulting product board.
Over a period of time, the trim strippers or trim transfer devices tend to separate and move away from the adjacent trim cutting blades. That is, as the trim strippers are compressed and passed through the nip, it is common to find that they tend to bow and as they bow, a small gap occurs between the trip strippers and the adjacent trim cutting blades. Once this gap occurs, it is common for small pieces of cut trim to become lodged or packed in the gap. Over a period of time, this cut trim becomes more compact and is effectively driven down between the trim strippers and the trim cutting blades. The forces placed on the cut pieces of trim can be so great that they damage and even break the die board.

Rotary cutting die apparatus for cutting corrugated board including retainers for maintaining trim strippers closely adjacent trim cutting blades


A vehicle energy management system for gathering, storing the energy, and distributing the stored energy supports various subsystems on the vehicle such as driver comfort systems, payload refrigeration, liftgate mechanisms, and roof de-icing, for example. The system harvests energy from various sources available to the vehicle, such as solar panels, regenerative braking and shock absorbers. The harvested energy is gathered for battery storage. Management logic allocates the stored electricity to various vehicle loads defined by the subsystems, based on factors such as time of day, ambient temperature, and weather conditions, which are used to predict the electrical demand called for by the loads. Harvestable energy sources available to the vehicle, combined with sufficient battery storage, provides electrical power for supporting these loads without relying on an idling engine for providing electrical or hydraulic power to accommodate the vehicle subsystems, such as comfort stations for an idle-free vehicle implementation.

Modern focus on energy conservation is becoming increasingly popular as emerging technologies seek to leverage previously untapped energy sources. Many corporations are seeking energy conserving and environmentally friendly practices in an effort to label their business pursuits as "green." Particularly in the transportation industry, where dependence on petroleum-based fuels has underscored the need for improvement towards energy independence, energy sources and costs are particularly scrutinized. Legislative activities have also compelled energy conscious strategies, from voluntary measures such as tax incentives, to mandates such as laws limiting vehicle idling time, such that energy considerations are a necessary aspect of any commercial endeavor in the transportation industry.

Method and apparatus for vehicular energy management


A key delivery mechanism that delivers keys to an OS platform (e.g., iOS platform) devices for decrypting encrypted HTTP live streaming data. An HTTPS URL for a stateless HTTPS service is included in the manifest for an encrypted HTTP live stream obtained by an application (e.g., a browser) on an OS platform device. The URL includes an encrypted key, for example as a query parameter value. The application passes the manifest to the OS. The OS contacts the HTTPS service to obtain the key using the URL indicated in the manifest. Since the encrypted key is a parameter of the URL, the encrypted key is provided to the HTTPS service along with information identifying the content. The HTTPS service decrypts the encrypted key and returns the decrypted key to the OS over HTTPS, thus eliminating the need for a database lookup at the HTTPS service.

Some operating systems, for example Apple® iOS technology, support HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) live streaming. For example, Apple has proposed an HTTP live streaming (HLS) protocol, and mandates that only that HLS protocol should be used to deliver live video streaming over Cellular networks to Apple's iOS platform devices (typically, but not necessarily, mobile devices such as smart phones and pad computing devices). OS (operating system) platform devices, including but not limited to Apple iOS devices, may natively (hardware+firmware) support the HLS playback protocol. While various OS platforms such as Apple's iOS may provide a mechanism to encrypt video streams according to the HLS protocol, the OS platforms (e.g., iOS) generally do not provide a mechanism to support more robust digital rights management (DRM), for example DRM for HTTP live streaming through an OS platform such as iOS.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional model for providing HTTP live streaming on an OS platform such as the iOS platform according to an HLS protocol. An application 104 may be installed on a device 100 configured according to an operating system (OS) 102 platform such as Apple's iOS. The device 100 may be, but is not necessarily, a mobile device such as a smart phone or pad device. The application 104 may obtain a manifest 106 for some content, for example a content 132 hosted on a content server 130. The manifest 106 may include a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for an HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) server and possibly other metadata, and may also include a playlist that indicates one or more contents 132. As an example of a manifest file, Apple's HLS protocol supports playlist (manifest) files in M3U file format; these M3U playlists may be indicated by the file extension ".m3u8" or similar. The application 104 may forward the manifest file 106 to the OS 102. The OS 102 may then use the HTTPS server URL in the manifest file 106 to obtain a key 122 for the content 132 indicated by the manifest file 106 from an HTTPS server 120 using the HTTPS protocol. HTTPS server 120 maintains a database of keys 122 for content 132, and looks up the key for the appropriate content 132 in the database according to content information provided by the OS 102 on device 100. The OS 102 may then stream the content 132 indicated by the manifest file 106 from the content server 130, using the key 122 to locally decrypt the data in the stream. The OS 102 may, but does not necessarily, pass the streamed content to the application 104.
Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems exist that provide DRM for various content. For example, Adobe® Flash® Access® technology is an example DRM system that manages licenses, rights, and keys in addition to providing encryption and security to protect Adobe® Flash® technology content end to end through its life cycle.
Currently, there are no easy ways to integrate a DRM system such as Adobe Flash Access technology DRM systems with HTTP live streaming on platforms such as the Apple iOS platform that natively (hardware+firmware) support an HTTP live streaming protocol such as the HLS protocol proposed by Apple. For example, Adobe® AIR® (Adobe Integrated Runtime) applications can be deployed on iOS platform devices only via the AIR packager technology for iOS, which does not support Adobe Flash Access technology.
"Adobe," "Flash," "Flash Access," and "AIR" are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. "Apple" is a registered trademark of Apple Inc.

Methods and apparatus for key delivery in HTTP live streaming


A method and apparatus for a graphical user interface system are provided. The graphical user interface system includes one or more display devices that provide a passive display space, an active display space, and an exchange area. The active display space and the exchange area are provided on a single display device. One or more objects are displayed in the passive display space and a visual representation of each object of the one or more object is displayed in the exchange area. A selection is received in the exchange area of a visual representation of a first object displayed in the passive display space. In response to receiving the selection, the first object is displayed in the active display space. While displayed in the active display space, the first object is operable in response to commands received through the graphical user interface system.

As graphical user interfaces become more advanced, larger screen sizes are becoming increasingly prevalent. For some larger display devices that might benefit from user interface controls such as a touch-sensitive interface (i.e., a "touchscreen"), the size of the display area make the touch-sensitive interface impractical—a user often cannot readily reach remote areas of the display to interact with objects displayed near the periphery.
Accordingly, there is a need for a user interface system with active and passive display spaces.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
The apparatus and method components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

User interface system with active and passive display spaces


A quick-cooking pot, comprising two complementary containers to be stacked in a hermetic reversible coupling, the first container being provided with means for heating the water contained therein and with at least one first controlled-opening valve for the passage of a preset and presettable dose of hot water and/or water vapor into the second container.

The present invention relates to a quick-cooking pot.
Methods for conventional cooking with steam or boiling water, using pots of the conventional type, are well-known.
Known cooking methods, by immersing the food in boiling water or placing the food in a position in which it is affected by the steam generated by the boiling water, are particularly slow.
Furthermore, it is known that these kinds of cooking methods are dependent on external pressure and are therefore disadvantageous at altitude.
All these disadvantages are further detrimental to the consumption of energy and raw materials.
In fact, in order to cook a certain amount of food with boiling water or steam, an excessive amount of water is often used together with a large amount of heat energy to raise it to the appropriate temperature.
The aim of the present invention is to solve or substantially reduce the problems of known types of implement, such as pots, for cooking food in boiling water or steam.
Within the scope of this aim, an important object is to provide a pot by virtue of which it is possible to cook at higher temperatures and more rapidly than with conventional methods.
Another object is to provide a pot that allows to cook with steam that is pressurized and at a high temperature.
A further object is to provide a pot that allows to cook in a manner that is absolutely independent of external pressure.
A still further object is to provide a pot that allows to cook in boiling water or steam with a great saving of energy and raw materials.
Another object is to provide a pot that is ergonomic.
This aim and these and other objects that will become better apparent hereinafter are achieved by a quick-cooking pot, characterized in that it comprises two complementary containers to be stacked in a hermetic reversible coupling, the first container being provided with means for heating water contained therein and with at least one first controlled-opening valve for the passage of a preset and presettable dose of hot water and/or water vapor into the second container.


Multi-stage filter bank systems with filter banks of different bandwidth frequently cause interference in hearing apparatuses and in particular in hearing devices. Therefore a hearing apparatus is proposed with a filter bank system having a multi-stage analysis filter bank and/or a multi-stage synthesis filter bank, to break down an input signal of the hearing apparatus into a number of partial band signals by way of a number of filter bank channels and/or to recombine partial band signals of a number of filter bank channels. The filter bank system is equipped with at least one equalization filter, to equalize differences in the complex frequency responses between filter bank channels. It is thus possible in particular to equalize group delay time differences as well as attenuation and/or amplification.

Hearing devices are wearable hearing apparatuses used to assist those with impaired hearing. To meet the numerous individual requirements different designs of hearing device are available, such as behind-the-ear hearing devices (BTE), hearing devices with an external earpiece (RIC: receiver in the canal) and in-the-ear hearing devices (ITE), e.g. also concha hearing devices or canal hearing devices (CIC). The hearing devices mentioned by way of example are worn on the outer ear or in the auditory canal. In addition to these designs however there are also bone conduction hearing aids, implantable or vibro-tactile hearing aids available on the market. With these the damaged hearing is stimulated either mechanically or electrically.
Hearing devices principally have as their main components an input converter, an amplifier and an output converter. The input converter is as a rule a sound receiver, e.g. a microphone, and/or an electromagnetic receiver, e.g. an induction coil. The output converter is mostly implemented as an electroacoustic converter, e.g. a miniature loudspeaker, or as an electromechanical converter, e.g. a bone conduction earpiece. The amplifier is usually integrated into a signal processing unit. This basic structure is shown in FIG. 1, using a behind the ear hearing device 1 as an example. One or more microphones 2 for receiving the sound from the surroundings is/are built into a hearing device housing 1 to be worn behind the ear. A signal processing unit 3 which is also integrated into the hearing device housing 1 processes the microphone signals and amplifies them. The output signal of the signal processing unit 3 is transmitted to a loudspeaker or earpiece 4 which outputs an acoustic signal. The sound is optionally transmitted by way of a sound tube, which is fixed with an otoplastic in the auditory canal, to the hearing device wearer's eardrum. The power is supplied to the hearing device and especially to the signal processing unit 3 by a battery 5 also integrated into the hearing device housing 1.

Hearing apparatus with an equalization filter in the filter bank system


A multi-core processor and a frequency conversion device thereof as well as a method of communication between the cores are disclosed. Each processor core of the multi-core processor includes a frequency conversion device, which includes a multi-bit state changing means, a multiple selector, a frequency conversion coefficient register, a multi-input OR gate and a clock-gating circuit unit. A common original clock is sent to the frequency conversion device of each processor core at work. The frequency conversion device real-timely reads the value of the frequency conversion coefficient register of a corresponding processor core and receives data transmission valid signals from other processor cores. By gating the common original clock, a frequency conversion function of the processor core is completed. In the invention, the dynamic frequency conversion function of a multi-core processor is achieved, the frequency conversion coefficient control may be performed by each processor core independently, and a highly effective synchronous communication may be maintained between the processor cores, so as to reduce the overall running consumption of the processor and save power on different processor cores of the multi-core processor or on different IP modules in SOC.

In the design of processor chips, power consumption has become another important technical index in succession to the processor performance. The design of a low-consumption processor is in great demand and will be widely applied whether in the field of general-purpose processors or embedded processors.
Since the power consumption of a processor is in direct ratio to the clock frequency of the processor, dynamically altering the frequency of a processor according to requirements of the running programs during the running of the processor has become an effective measure for reducing the power consumption of a processor.
Multi-core processors have become an important trend in processor development. In a multi-core processor, each processor core real-timely adjusts the frequency according to its loading and different demands so that it can reduce the power consumption effectively.
In the prior art, one situation is that all the processor cores in a multi-core processors use the same clock and thus all the processor cores must be adjusted together during frequency adjustment. But, in this way, the power consumption of the all processors can be reduced only to a limited extent.
Another situation is that each processor core uses a different clock, so that each processor core may dynamically adjust the frequency according to its condition, thereby better saving the power consumption of the processor. But, because the processor cores adopt different clock frequencies, the data communication between a processor core and another can only be an asynchronous clocks communication, thereby influencing the efficiency of data exchange and communication between the processor cores and degrading the overall performance of the processor.

Multi-core processor, its frequency conversion device and a method of data communication between the cores


A cable gripping component is provided for gripping a coaxial cable. The cable gripping component includes a housing including a sleeve portion having a terminus forming a first end housing. The housing has an inner surface defining an interior channel. The inner surface includes a retention surface disposed on the sleeve portion proximate the terminus. The sleeve portion includes a weakened area. The retention surface is disposed between the terminus and the weakened area. Related methods are disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to connectors for coaxial cables and related components and methods, including, for example, rigid coaxial cables such as those used for trunk and distribution lines in such applications as cable television and the like, and related components and methods.
2. Description of the Related Art
Of the various coaxial cable designs, each has shared elements, e.g., including an inner or center conductor surrounded by an insulating material, typically referred to as the core, and an outer conductor surrounding the insulating layer. In some coaxial cables, such as with flexible coaxial cables, the outer conductor comprises a braided conductive material. These flexible coaxial cables typically include an outer insulator material, sometimes referred to as a jacket, that surrounds and encases the outer conductor. In other coaxial cables, for example, rigid coaxial cable, the outer conductor is a solid, conductive material, and the outer conductor commonly constitutes the exterior of the coaxial cable, without any need for an outer insulator or jacket.
Coaxial cable connectors must firmly and securely connect the coaxial cable to a terminal. Moreover, it is usually desirable, if not necessary, to ensure that the connector provide a seal so as to avoid exposure or contamination of the interior of the connector to moisture, particulate matter, and/or other undesirable material to which portions of the connector and/or cable may be exposed.
One concern with some commercially available connectors is that the tightening of the connector during installation causes an undesirable twisting of the coaxial cable, leading to unwanted stress on the cable that can cause wear and/or malfunctions.
To address these concerns, some connectors include a gripping and/or sealing component, for example, such as a ferrule, to contact and grip the cable at its exterior, whether it be an outer insulator or jacket or an outer conductor in cable designs that exclude the jacket. This ferrule or like component grips the cable exterior so that the cable is firmly secured with respect to the connector, and so that infiltration of environmental substances such as those noted above can be limited or avoided. The gripping component typically is housed within a larger housing component that also forms a part of the connector.
An example of a commercially available connector for connecting a coaxial cable to a terminal is shown in FIG. 11. The connector shown in FIG. 11, generally designated as 200, comprises a back nut assembly 202, a main nut assembly 204, and a body 206. A coaxial cable end (not shown) is inserted into a distal end 210 of connector 200, at a distal portion of back nut 202. A conductive pin 212 extends from a proximal end 214 of connector 200, at a proximal portion of body 206. A ferrule 220 is disposed in the interior of back nut 202. Ferrule 220 contacts the exterior of the coaxial cable. A pair of compression rings 222 and 224 are positioned within back nut 202 at proximal and distal ends of ferrule 220, respectively. The proximal compression ring 222 retains the ferrule 220 in place in the interior of the back nut 202, while the distal compression ring 224 prevents the ferrule 220 from moving distally.
When such a connector is in a disassembled state, for example, as possibly provided when new and ready for use, the gripping component, e.g., the back nut 202, and in some cases the ferrule 220, may be provided as a separate component or components, thereby requiring separate handling, which increases the likelihood of being misplaced or lost. Moreover, during installation the ferrule must be correctly inserted into the housing and retained while the remainder of the connector is installed and tightened in place. Thus, the cable gripping component often is partly or fully responsible for twisting the cable, which can place unwanted stress on the cable and connector through its interaction and cooperation with the associated housing.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a connector and related components and methods that facilitate efficient pre-assembly handling.
Another object of the invention is to provide a connector and related components and methods that limit or prevent unwanted twisting of the cable during installation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a connector and related components and methods that are relatively efficient and cost effective.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the foregoing objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the invention as embodied and broadly described in this document, a cable gripping component is provided for gripping a coaxial cable. The cable gripping component comprises a housing including a sleeve portion having a terminus forming a first end of the housing. The housing has an inner surface defining an interior channel. The inner surface comprises a retention surface disposed on the sleeve portion proximate the terminus. The sleeve portion includes a weakened area. The retention surface is disposed between the terminus and the weakened area.
The cable gripping component further comprises a ferrule disposed within the interior channel for contacting the coaxial cable. The ferrule comprises an outer surface that includes a raised portion. The interfering engagement between at least a portion of the retention surface and the raised portion prevents at least a portion of the ferrule from exiting the interior channel.
The weakened area may comprise at least one groove, and preferably a plurality of grooves, which preferably is or are disposed on the inner surface of the sleeve portion.
The cable gripping component also preferably comprises a compression ring disposed within the interior channel between the ferrule and the inner surface of the housing. Preferably, the ferrule comprises a beveled mating surface, and the compression ring comprises a beveled mating surface for mating with the beveled mating surface of the ferrule.
The ferrule preferably has a terminus that extends beyond the terminus of the housing. The ferrule also may be loosely held within the interior channel. The ferrule also preferably may be rotatable within the interior channel.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a connector is provided for a coaxial cable. The connector comprises a cable gripping component comprising a cable gripping component housing including a sleeve portion having a terminus forming a first end of the housing. The housing has an inner surface defining an interior channel. The inner surface comprises a retention surface disposed on the sleeve portion proximate the terminus. The sleeve portion includes a weakened area. The retention surface is disposed between the terminus and the weakened area.
The connector further comprises a ferrule disposed within the interior channel for contacting the coaxial cable. The ferrule comprises an outer surface that includes a raised portion. Interfering engagement between at least a portion of the retention surface and the raised portion prevents at least a portion of the ferrule from exiting the interior channel.
The connector according to this aspect of the invention also comprises a coupling component attached to the first end of the cable gripping component. Preferably but optionally, the ferrule contacts the coupling component.
The cable gripping component of this connector may further comprise a compression ring disposed within the interior channel between the cable gripping component housing and the ferrule. Preferably, the compression ring does not contact the coupling component. It is preferred that the ferrule and the coupling component have mutually mating beveled surfaces.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for providing a cable gripping component for a coaxial cable. The method comprises providing a cable gripping component housing including a sleeve portion having a terminus forming a first end of the housing. The housing has an inner surface defining an interior channel, wherein the inner surface comprises a retention surface disposed on the sleeve portion proximate the terminus. The sleeve portion includes a weakened area. The retention surface is disposed between the terminus and the weakened area.
The method also comprises providing a ferrule comprising an outer surface that includes a raised portion, and inserting the ferrule into the interior channel. It further comprises crimping the sleeve portion to provide interfering engagement between at least a portion of the retention surface and the raised portion, whereby at least a portion of the ferrule is prevented from exiting the interior channel. It also may comprise inserting the ferrule into the interior channel so that the ferrule is capable of rotating within the interior channel.
The method in its preferred implementation further comprises providing a coupling component and attaching the coupling component to the first end of the cable gripping component.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for attaching a connector to a coaxial cable. The method comprises providing a cable gripping component for a coaxial cable, wherein the cable gripping component comprises a cable gripping component housing including a sleeve portion having a terminus forming a first end of the housing. The housing has an inner surface defining an interior channel. The inner surface comprises a retention surface is disposed on the sleeve portion proximate the terminus. The sleeve portion includes a weakened area. The retention surface is disposed between the terminus and the weakened area. In accordance with this method, the cable gripping component further comprises a ferrule disposed in an interior channel of the housing. The ferrule comprises an outer surface that includes a raised portion, wherein the inner surface narrows from the weakened area to the retention area and at least a portion of the ferrule is prevented from exiting the interior channel by the retention surface and the raised portion of the ferrule outer surface.
The method further comprises positioning the cable gripping component on the coaxial cable so that the ferrule contacts the coaxial cable, and providing a coupling component and attaching the coupling component to the first end of the cable gripping component. In its presently preferred implementations, the method comprises providing a compression ring within the cable gripping component to contact the ferrule.

Coaxial cable connector and related methods


A biodegradable wellbore fluid with an oleaginous phase including a linear paraffin having 11-18 carbon atoms, a non-oleaginous phase, an emulsifying agent and optionally a weighting agent. Use of the fluid while drilling allows bio-remediation of drill cuttings using land spreading, bioreactors, conventional composting or vermiculture composting. The resulting product, especially when vermicomposed, is potentially useful as a soil amendment or plant fertilizer material.

Drill cuttings are the earth, rock and other solid materials generated during the rotary drilling of subterranean wells. The drill cuttings are removed from beneath the drill bit by a stream of drilling fluid that suspends the solids and carries the solids to the surface. On the surface, the drill cuttings are separated from the drilling fluid in a drilling cuttings separator or shaker and the drill cuttings are collected at the drill site for subsequent treatment.
Traditional oleaginous drilling fluids, also known as oil-based drilling fluids or invert emulsion drilling fluids (if they contain an internal non-oleaginous phase), may be harmful to marine life due to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel or other similar petroleum fractions used as the continuous phase. The development of low-toxicity mineral oil-based drilling fluids—with very low fractions of aromatic compounds—allayed much, but not all, of the concern over acute toxicity effects on marine flora and fauna. However, discharge of mud-laden cuttings still produces a mound of cuttings on the ocean floor that may smother any marine life that resides on the seabed.
Development of synthetic-based drilling fluids as alternatives to conventional oil-based drilling fluids in offshore operations was precipitated by residual toxicity and biodegradability concerns. These developments focused on the fate and effects of oil-coated drilled cuttings discharged into the sea, as well as worker safety. For onshore applications, cuttings disposal is also of importance. However, since the drilled cuttings are disposed of on land, the environmental issues focus primarily on subsequent usability of the land and contamination of ground water. Although the advent of synthetic-based fluids has greatly improved the environmental acceptability of non-aqueous drilling fluids both offshore and onshore, current synthetic-based fluid formulations still present problems for direct land treatment of oil-coated cuttings resulting from onshore operations. The concerns with pollution of soil and groundwater by synthetic based fluids and oil-based fluids have led to increasingly strict government regulations.
Oily drill cuttings can have severe impacts on their receiving environment and should be cleaned or treated to minimize their environmental impact and the operator's long term liability. The primary purpose of each of these methods is to somehow destroy or remove the drilling fluid residue from the earth solids. In addition to the above mentioned method of land treatment (spreading and farming), there is a litany of other ways to treat oil-coated cuttings from drilling operations. These include landfill disposal; bio-remediation; stabilization/solidification (briquetting, fixation with silicates or fly ash); extraction or washing (oil, detergents, and solvents); and thermal treatment (incineration and distillation, including thermal desorption and hammer mill). The treatment of drill cuttings is the subject of a number of patent applications and literature disclosures that include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,187,581; 6,020,185; 5,720,130; 6,153,017; 5,120,160; 5,545,801; 4,696,353; 4,725,362; 4,942,929; 5,132,025. These patents describe various methods of treating oily drill cuttings including incineration; reinjection of the slurrified cuttings into another subterranean formation; chemical washing and landfill disposal; and other methods. As noted above, the primary purpose of each of these methods is to somehow destroy or remove the drilling fluid's residue from the earth solids.
Despite considerable research conducted in the area of drill cuttings disposal, there remains an unmet need for a clean, inexpensive and environmentally friendly drilling fluid and method of treating the drill cuttings such that they produce an end product that may have a beneficial use.


Rotary pump apparatus includes a pump housing having a drive gear and a driven gear positioned in the interior of the housing. A fluid-flow passageway provides fluid to a volumetrically changing space located between meshing gear teeth to prevent the pressure in the space from dropping below the vapor pressure of the fluid.

Rotary pumps are well known structures employed to pump fluids from one location to another. Rotary gear pumps conventionally employ two gears having meshing teeth disposed in a rotary pump housing to deliver fluid entering the housing interior from an inlet opening to an outlet opening. One of the toothed gears is a drive gear rotated by a motor or other suitable means while the other gear conventionally is a driven gear driven by and rotating in response to rotation of the drive gear.
It is not at all unusual for cavitation pitting damage to occur in rotary pumps. Typically such damage will be in the form of pitting occurring within the interior of the pump housing. Pump life can be drastically reduced and considerable time and expense can be involved when repairing or replacing pumps having cavitation pitting damage.

Tuthill Pump Group, a subsidiary of Tuthill Corporation


The present invention has its object to provide a masterbatch for foam molding, which can be suitably used for molding processes involving high shearing force, such as kneading molding, calender molding, extrusion molding, and injection molding, which shows a high expansion ratio, and which yields a foamed product with a good appearance. The present invention also has its object to provide a foamed product using the masterbatch for foam molding.

A plastic foam is used for various applications because it exerts heat-shielding properties, heat-insulating properties, sound-shielding properties, sound-absorbing properties, damping properties, reduction in weight, and the like, according to the material of the foam and the state of formed bubbles. Such a plastic foam may be produced by a method in which a masterbatch containing a chemical foaming agent is foamed with heating to mold the plastic foam. However, handling thereof was problematically difficult, for example, in that the masterbatch containing a chemical foaming agent may not foam even after being heated, and the foaming agent may decompose rapidly in an injection foam-molding machine. Moreover, since some resins fail to provide a sufficient expansion ratio, a desired hardness as a molding product may be less likely to be obtained.
Patent Document 1 discloses that an injection foamed product having a high hardness and expansion ratio and containing uniform bubbles is obtained from any resin by using a masterbatch pellet of an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer containing a chemical foaming agent.
However, chemical foaming agents decomposed by heating simultaneously generate decomposed gas and a foaming residue, and the residue remaining in the molding product sometimes affects the adhesion performance of the molding product. Moreover, upon use of chemical foaming agents, not all of the bubbles of a foamed product serve as closed cells but some of the bubbles inevitably serve as open cells. A foamed product having high airtightness is, problematically, less likely to be obtained.
Patent Document 2 discloses a foamed resin masterbatch in which polyolefin resin or styrene resin is used as a base resin, and a thermally expandable microcapsule, instead of a chemical foaming agent, is used as a foaming agent.
However, upon use of the thermally expandable microcapsule described in Patent Document 2, the expansion ratio of the foam to be obtained is low, resulting in difficulty in forming closed cells of the foam to be obtained at a certain size.
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a foam composite panel by foaming and molding a resin composition obtained by blending a masterbatch containing a thermally expandable microcapsule with a masterbatch containing a chemical foaming agent.
However, even in the case of such a method, the expansion ratio of the molding product is low, and performances, such as a desired lightness and heat insulation, are not obtained although the expansion ratio is somewhat improved. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain a molding product having a good appearance.
Patent Document 4 discloses a synthetic resin composition containing a thermally expandable microcapsule and a base resin, and a production method thereof. Such a synthetic resin composition contains a base resin having a melt flow rate within a predetermined range. Therefore, the thermally expandable microcapsule is excellently miscible and compatible with the base resin without breaking the shell of the thermally expandable microcapsule.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Kokai Publication 2000-178372 (JP-A 2000-178372);
Patent Document 2: Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-11-343362 (JP-A Hei-11-343362);
Patent Document 3: Japanese Kokai Publication 2005-212377 (JP-A 2005-212377);
Patent Document 4: Japanese Kokai Publication 2002-264173 (JP-A 2002-264173)

Masterbatch for foam molding and molded foam

Abstract: A masterbatch for foam molding comprises a base resin and a thermally expandable microcapsule, the base resin being a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 100° C. or higher, the masterbatch containing 10 to 230 parts by weight of the thermally expandable microcapsule to 100 parts by weight of the base resin, and the masterbatch having a true density of 0.80 g/cm3 or more, a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3 or more, and a masterbatch size of 450 mg/30 pieces or more.


A hair decorating system that includes a string covered in wax in a first configuration, coiled around an interior segment in a second configuration where end segments are attached, and a third configuration where the coil has been extended to form a crisscrossed pattern around a strand of hair. The crisscrossed pattern is both attractive and decorative.

Hair decorating is well known and has existed for centuries. Various devices have been used with numerous designs and patterns. More recently, some of the devices and designs have been disclosed in multiple patents and published applications. By way of example, the patents and applications may be categorized in the following manner: first, helical or spiral devices, second, hair ties, clips, braids, rings or tubes and third, devices for applying a helical or spiral cords to strands of hair. The patents and applications disclosing helical or spiral devices include: U.S. Pat. No. 2,924,228 issued in 1960 to McGee and entitled "Ladies' Hair Clasp Device"; U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,421 issued in 1993 to Videtzky entitled "Hair Retaining Device"; U.S. D372,338 issued in 1996 to Engel and Engel with the title of "Spiraled Pony Tail Holder"; U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,755 issued to Crabtree and Mundell in 1999, entitled "Helical Hair Wrap Device"; U.S. D432,264 issued to Nicol in 2000 for a "Helical Hair Braid Holder"; U.S. D635,297 issued to Hsu in 2011 for a "Hair Clip"; U.S. 2007/0175493 listing Tandberg, Potter and Potter as inventors and published in 2007 with the title of "Hair Ornament Device"; and U.S. 2012/0211020 published in 2012 and listing Garcia as inventor with the title of "Helical Hair Tie."
The patents disclosing hair ties, clips, braids, rings or tubes include: U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,841 issued to Cole in 1974 for an "Ornamental Expansible Strip"; U.S. Pat. No. 5,404,892 issued in 1995 to Bretl for an "Apparatus and Method For Decorating Hair"; U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,736 issued in 1999 to Turner and Turner entitled "Apparatus and Method For Decorating Hair"; U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,792 issued to Kennedy for a "Hair Ornament and Method Ornamenting Hair"; U.S. Pat. No. 6,647,989 issued to DeBenedictis in 2003 titled "Hair Treatment Device and Method"; WIPO/PCT WO2012/174687 published in 2012 listing Xu as inventor and entitled "Elastic Rope"; French publication FR2 799 349 published in 2001 listing Nobuhiro as inventor and entitled "Personal Adornment"; and German DE298 01 558 U1 issued in 1998 for a "Hair Clip."
The patents disclosing devices for applying a helical or spiral cords to strands of hair or manipulating hair include: U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,759 issued to Chung, Snively and Beck in 1997 for a "Device For Wrapping Hair With Cord"; U.S. Pat. No. 6,260,559 issued in 2001 to Schirren and Flores for a "Method and Apparatus for Hair Styling"; U.S. Pat. No. 6,637,441 issued to Kennedy in 2003 for a "Hair Wrapper"; U.S. Pat. No. 6,662,808 issued in 2003 to Leason, Ellis and Lattuga for a "Hair Wrapper"; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,328,710 issued in 2008 to Hall and Crowley for a "Hair Retention Device and Method of Using Same."
These patents and devices are of some interest, however, they do not disclose or illustrate a hair decorating system as disclosed in detail below.


To provide a gas compressor in which fretting wear due to vibration of an oil separation filter is prevented to thereby achieve an improvement in durability. A gas compressor is provided with a press-fixing unit for press-fixing end portions of an oil separation filter. As the press-fixing means, for example, it is possible to adopt a construction including an abutment block portion against which the bottom end portion of the oil separation filter abuts, an outer peripheral block portion having a filter accommodating hole into which the oil separation filter is inserted, and a pressurizing plate put over the forward end portion of the oil separation filter and mounted and fixed to the outer peripheral block portion, wherein the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is provided so as to protrude from the filter accommodating hole on the surface of the outer peripheral block portion, and wherein the protruding forward end portion of the oil separation filter is pressurized and bent by the pressurizing plate to undergo elastic deformation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a gas compressor for use in a vehicle air conditioning system or the like and, more particularly, aims to prevent fretting wear due to vibration of an oil separation filter contained in an apparatus to thereby achieve an improvement in durability.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a gas compressor of this type has, as shown, for example, in FIG. 7, a compression mechanism C in a compressor case 1, and this compression mechanism C sucks in low pressure refrigerant gas in a suction chamber 6 and compresses it before discharging it into a discharge chamber 5 as high pressure refrigerant gas. At this time, the high pressure refrigerant immediately after being discharged from the compression mechanism C contains oil in the mist state filled for the purpose, for example, of lubricating the sliding portion of the compression mechanism portion C, and the oil ingredient in such high pressure refrigerant gas is separated by an oil separator 20 contained in the gas compressor.
The oil separator 20 has an oil separation filter 21 formed by rolling a wire net into a cylinder, and the oil ingredient in the high pressure refrigerant gas is separated when a high speed gas flow of high pressure refrigerant gas strikes upon the wire net constituting the oil separation filter 21 or by the centrifugal force generated when high pressure refrigerant gas whirls inside the oil separation filter 21.
However, in the oil separator 20 of the conventional construction described above, in which a pulsating high speed gas flow incessantly strikes upon the wire net constituting the oil separation filter 21, if the wire net is not supported and fixed in a satisfactory manner, a vibration such as twist is generated in the entire wire net, with the result that the constituent wire materials of the wire net (wires) rub each other, and the wire net and the support member in contact therewith rub each other, resulting in the generation of so-called fretting wear of the wire net to damage the wire net.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problem. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas compressor in which fretting wear due to vibration of the oil separation filter is prevented to thereby achieve an improvement in durability.
To achieve the above object, there is provided, in accordance with the present invention, a gas compressor comprising a compression mechanism portion which sucks in, compresses, and discharges refrigerant gas, a discharge chamber for temporarily storing the refrigerant gas discharged from the compression mechanism portion, a discharge passage which communicates the compression mechanism portion with the discharge chamber and which guides the refrigerant gas discharged from the compression mechanism portion to the discharge chamber, an oil separation filter which is arranged in the discharge chamber at the downstream end of the discharge passage and which is formed by shaping a lattice-like member into a cylindrical configuration, pressing means for pressing the end portions of the oil separation filter to elastically deform the oil separation filter sufficiently to suppress vibration thereof during use of the gas compressor, and an oil sump formed at the bottom of the discharge chamber and adapted to store the oil separated by the oil separation filter.
In the present invention, the oil separation filter as a whole is firmly fixed in a pressed state by the pressing force when the pressing means presses the end portions of the oil separation filter.
Here, as the pressing means, it is possible to adopt a construction comprising an abutment block portion against which the bottom end portion of the oil separation filter abuts, an outer peripheral block portion having a filter accommodating hole into which the oil separation filter is inserted, and a pressurizing plate put over the forward end portion of the oil separation filter and mounted and fixed to the outer peripheral block portion, wherein the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is provided so as to protrude from the filter accommodating hole on the surface of the outer peripheral block portion, and wherein the protruding forward end portion of the oil separation filter is pressurized and bent by the pressurizing plate to undergo elastic deformation.
In this construction, the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is pressurized and bent toward the abutment block portion by the pressurizing plate to undergo elastic deformation, and due to this elastic deformation of the oil separation filter, the oil separation filter is strongly pressed against the pressurizing plate, the abutment block, and the outer peripheral block portion and fixed thereto.
It is possible to adopt a construction in which the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is previously bent in a fixed direction by a bending amount smaller than a press-bending amount before being press-bent by the pressurizing plate.
In this construction, the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is press-bent by the pressurizing plate such that all the portions thereof are directed in the same direction, so that the construction proves superior in operability in fixing the bending direction.
Further, it is desirable that the direction in which the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is previously bent be toward the inner side of the filter.
In this construction, the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is press-bent by the pressurizing plate such that it is always directed to the inner side of the filter, so that there is no danger of the bent forward end portion of the oil separation filter being caught between the pressurizing plate and the outer peripheral block, making it possible to correctly mount and fix the pressurizing plate to the outer peripheral block portion.
It is possible to provide in the inner surface of the filter accommodating hole a clearance groove which allows entrance of the forward end portion of the oil separation filter when it is press-bent to the filter outer side.
In this construction, for example, there is no directivity in the bending of the forward end portion of the oil separation filter press-bent by the pressurizing plate, and even when the forward end portion of the oil separation filter is bent so as to be directed to the filter outer side, this press-bent portion enters the clearance groove, so that there is no danger of the bent forward end portion of the oil separation filter being caught between the pressurizing plate and the outer peripheral block, making it possible to correctly mount and fix the pressurizing plate to the outer peripheral block portion.
The oil separation filter may, for example, be formed of a lattice-like member, such as wire net or expanded metal; in particular, in the case of a wire net type oil separation filter, it is desirable to fuse by spot welding the regions where the constituent wire materials of the wire net (wires) intersect each other in order to prevent fretting wear as a result of the constituent wires of the wire net being rubbed against each other.
Further, the spot welding is performed in order to prevent fretting wear mainly due to vibration between the constituent wire materials of the wire net, and, from the viewpoint of the object of this spot welding, it is desirable to increase the number of spot welding points for the region where, for example, the high speed gas flow of high pressure refrigerant gas first strikes directly.

Gas compressor having a press-fixed oil separation filter


A controller is configured to drive a conveying roller to allow a sheet to abut on a registration roller and stop, and to drive the registration roller to convey the sheet abutting on the registration roller to the printing unit at a set sheet interval. The controller is configured to control a conveying speed of the conveying roller based on a time from a first timing to a second timing, the first timing at which a preceding sheet conveyed from the registration roller to the printing unit exits the conveying roller, the second timing at which a following sheet reaches the conveying roller.

1. Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a printer configured to perform printing on sheets.
2. Related Art
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-30296 describes a printer including a mechanism which corrects skewing of each of sheets by causing the sheet to abut on registration rollers and then conveys the sheet to a printing unit including inkjet heads and the like.
The registration rollers are driven at timing corresponding to a printing schedule of the printing unit. Conveying rollers (upstream conveying rollers) configured to send the sheets picked up from a paper feed tray to the registration rollers send out each sheet to the registration roller in synchronization with the drive timing of the registration rollers.
Moreover, among printers capable of performing duplex printing, there is a printer in which the upstream conveying rollers configured to send the sheets picked up from paper feed tray to the registration rollers also have a function of sending the sheets printed on front sides to the registration rollers. In such a printer, the upstream conveying rollers send out both the sheets picked up and conveyed from the paper feed tray and the sheets printed on the front sides and then conveyed and circulated, to the registration rollers in synchronization with the drive timings of the registration rollers.


The invention relates to the regenerators of glass melting furnaces. It relates more particularly to a ceramic element for equipping regenerators of glass melting furnaces, having at least one vertical wall, the mean thickness of which is at the most 40 mm, characterized by the presence, on at least one face of this vertical wall, of a plurality of obstacles forming an integral part of the element, the protrusion of the obstacles relative to the base surface of the wall being at least 5 mm, the ratio of the distance separating two consecutive obstacles in the vertical direction to the said protrusion being comprised between 3 and 15, and the angle x formed by the obstacle with the base surface of the wall in the given direction of movement of the fumes and the angle y formed by the obstacle with the base surface of the wall in the given direction of movement of the air to be heated being such that x is less than or equal to y. Application in the glass industry.

The present invention has been developed in collaboration with the Groupement pour la Recherche sur les Echangeurs Thermiques (GRETH), France, for the realization of similation tests.
In-French Patent No. 2,142,624 describes a stackable monolithic refractory element, useful in particular for equipping the regenerator chambers of glass melting furnaces, consisting of at least three radial arms or flanges, of general parallelepipedal shape, integral via one of their edges with a central connecting part, this element being moulded from one or more refractory oxides previously melted and the radiating arms or flanges being identical and having a thickness at least equal to 50 MM.
Such elements comprising four orthogonal radial arms of constant thickness have been and are still marketed by the Applicant. These elements are commonly referred to as "cross-shaped" elements.
In French Addition Patent No. 2,248,748 to the above patent, the Applicant described a variation of embodiment of the element of Patent No. 2,142,624, according to which the radial arms or flanges have a thickness gradually decreasing from their bottom part to their top part, in order to improve the thermal exchanges as a result of convection between the element and the fluid (air) to be heated.
The great advantage of these "cross-shaped" elements is that they facilitate assembly and, with a single type of element, enable the provision of chequerwork having channels of different cross-section through which the gases and the air pass.
During operation of the chequer chambers of a glass melting furnace regenerator, the hot gases or fumes which originate from the furnace during operation enter into the chequerwork via the top part of the regenerator, releasing their calorific energy into the chequerwork, and are then evacuated via a flue. During this time, cold air supplied at the bottom of another chequerwork heated during the preceding cycle recovers the calorific energy and emerges hot at the top of the chequerwork from where it is conveyed to the burners of the melting furnace so as to ensure combustion of the fuel under optimum consumption conditions.
When the fumes pass into the chequerwork, from the top downwards, they not only release their calorific energy but may also, depending on the operation of the furnace and the type of molten glass, deposit dust or elements volatilized in the melting bath.
These deposits have a tendency to obstruct the channels through which the fumes and the air pass. In order to limit this disadvantage, when it occurs, the "cross-shaped" elements used hitherto tend to create hydraulically smooth channels on account of the flat surface of their flanges and owing to very stable assembly inside channels without any overhanging elements.
Moreover, the optimization, i.e. among other things the increase in the thermal efficiency of the chequerwork of the regenerators, is brought about by the increase in the thermal exchanges between the fluid to be heated and the chequerwork of the regenerator. The increase in these exchanges requires intensification of the thermal exchanges during the most limiting phase of the cycle, i.e. the period when the air passes through. In fact, the refractory/air heat exchange coefficient (convection) is several times smaller than that of the fumes/refractory exchanges (radiation). Care must be taken, however, that the means used do not favour excessively the phenomena of deposition on the parts forming the chequerwork and more particularly in the condensation zones.
There therefore exists a need for improved elements intended to equip the chambers of glass melting furnace regenerators which, while minimizing the deposition phenomena when the fumes pass into the chequerwork, improve the thermal exchanges between the fluid to be heated and the chequerwork of the regenerator.
The invention aims to satisfy this need by supplying novel improved ceramic elements for equipping the regenerators of glass melting furnaces.
More particularly, the invention relates to a ceramic element for equipping regenerators of glass melting furnaces, having at least one vertical wall, the mean thickness of which is at the most 40 mm, characterized by the presence, on at least one face of this vertical wall, of a plurality of obstacles forming an integral part of the element, the protrusion of the obstacles relative to the base surface of the wall being at least 5 mm, the ratio of the distance separating two consecutive obstacles in the vertical direction to the said protrusion being comprised between 3 and 15, and the angle x formed by the obstacle with the base surface of the wall in the given direction of movement of the fumes and the angle y formed by the obstacle with the base surface of the wall in the given direction of movement of the air to be heated being such that x is less than or equal to y. The expression "base surface" is understood as meaning the surface which precedes or follows each obstacle.
The novel element of the invention enables a significant improvement in the regeneration efficiency to be obtained. In fact, the surface obstacles present on the parts enable the refractory/air exchanges to be intensified by disturbing the air flows in the vicinity of the walls previously heated by the fumes.
By "mean thickness" of the wall is meant the thickness of a wall with flat faces having no obstacles, which would have the same volume as the wall with obstacles according to the invention. This mean thickness must be less than or equal to 40 mm.
By "protrusion" of the obstacles is meant the maximum height of the obstacle relative to the base surface of the wall. This protrusion must be at least 5 mm and, preferably, at least 10 mm.
The ceramic element may have very different shapes. They may have the shape of elements with radiating arms or flanges such as those described in the aforementioned French Patent No. 2,142,624, in particular the preferred cross shape with 4 orthogonal radiating arms, but they may also have in horizontal cross-section the general shape of a hollow square, of a hollow hexagon, an L shape or quite simply be formed by a single wall.
According to a preferred embodiment, the two faces of the wall are provided with obstacles.
Each obstacle may extend in a continuous manner over the width of the wall or occupy only a fraction of the latter. In this latter case, there will usually be several obstacles arranged side-by-side but spaced from each other. Also, all or some of the obstacles may be only partly present on a given element, their complementary portion being located on the adjacent element arranged above or below in the chequerwork.
The obstacles present on a wall may all be of identical shape, or a mixture of obstacles of different shapes may be used. The distance separating two consecutive obstacles in the vertical direction may be fixed or varied. The important thing is that the ratio of the distance separating two consecutive obstacles in the vertical direction to the protrusion is comprised between 3 and 15, preferably between 5 and 10.
Observance of this ratio range allows the boundary layer of the air, detached from the wall by an obstacle, to rejoin the wall, i.e. the base surface, before reaching the next obstacle. As a result of this, the major part of intensification of this thermal transfer is effected at the rear of the obstacle in the direction of movement of the air and in front of the next obstacle, in the zone where the flow of this air detached from the wall by the obstacle adheres to it again.
According to a preferred embodiment, the obstacles on one vertical wall face are staggered in the vertical direction relative to the obstacles on the other face of this wall. In other words, the wall viewed in vertical section has an asymmetrical profile.
The staggering of the obstacles on the opposite faces of a same wall enables intensification of the thermal transfer to be applied to best advantage. In fact, it results in the positioning of the thickest parts of the wall opposite the zone where the air flow readheres. Thus, the most intense energy transfer is effected at the points on the wall where the calorific capacities are greatest. Staggering of the obstacles offers, moreover, an additional advantage. Assuming the equivalent element to have a mean thickness, an element with staggered obstacles generally possesses a mechanical strength greater than an element with obstacles which are not staggered (symmetrical). This is due to the fact that the element with staggered obstacles has a minimum local thickness greater than that of the part with obstacles which are not staggered.
The obstacles may, themselves, also have a symmetrical or asymmetrical profile. They are preferably asymmetrical, in particular for the zones of the chequerwork where a deposit may occur. The profile of the obstacles may be characterized by the angle x which it forms with the base surface of the wall in the direction of movement of the fumes (usually from the top to the bottom of the element) and the angle y which it forms with this same surface in the direction of movement of the air to be heated (usually from the bottom to the top of the element). According to the invention, x must be less than or equal to y. Preferably, x will be less than y so that the obstacles offer to the flow of the fumes a surface which is hydraulically as smooth as possible in order to reduce the harmful depositions and offer the flow of the air a surface which is hydraulically as rough as possible in order to improve the thermal exchanges and ensure maximum recovery of the heat stored in the ceramic elements during the previous operating cycle.
The elements of the invention may be manufactured by means of moulding in the molten state refractory ceramic compositions usually used for this kind of application, for example compositions based on alumina (for example, a composition which comprises, by weight, 87.5% of alumina , 8% of magnesia and 4.5% of Na.sub.2 O) or based on alumina, zirconia and silica (for example, a composition which comprises, by weight, 50.6% of alumina, 32.5% of zirconia 15.6% of silica and 1.1% of Na.sub.2 O). The composition is melted according to the usual methods commonly used for melting this type of material in an electric arc furnace, a plasma furnace or an induction furnace, and then cast in a mould, for example using the method described in French Patent No. 2,088,185.
The elements of the invention may also be manufactured by moulding of a castable composition such as refractory concrete or a slip, or else by pressing a suitable composition.
The description which will follow, with reference to the drawing, will enable the invention to be properly understood.

Refractory elements for the construction of heat regenerators

Societe Europeenne des Produits Refractaires


In order to enhance the efficiency of removing refrigerant from the mixture of non-condensable gases in a purge recovery system, a carbon filter is placed in the flow of mixed gases from the purge chamber such that any remaining refrigerant can be absorbed by the filter and not be vented to the atmosphere with the non-condensable gases. The filter is periodically reactivated by the operation of a vacuum pump to remove the refrigerant from the carbon filter and return it to the system refrigeration circuit. The reactivation process is initiated and controlled by way of a pressure switch and a timer.

This invention relates generally to refrigeration systems and, more particularly, to purge recovery systems for removing non-condensable gases from the refrigeration circuit thereof.
By removing water and non-condensable gases such as air from refrigeration systems, purge units improve refrigeration efficiency by ensuring that condenser pressure is not artificially high due to the presence of non-condensables.
Such a purge unit commonly concentrates air from the refrigeration system by using the temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser (i.e. thermal purge). Refrigerant containing a small amount of air is bled from the condenser, through an orifice and into a small chamber containing a cooling coil which is maintained at the temperature of the evaporator by flashing refrigerant liquid from the condenser down to the evaporator temperature. As the refrigerant condenses and drains back to the evaporator through a float valve, the air remains in the purge chamber and becomes concentrated. As the air accumulates, the pressure increases, and eventually the air is evacuated by way of a small vacuum pump. With such a process it is difficult to entirely remove the refrigerant from the non-condensable gases by way of the condensation process and, as a result, there is some refrigerant that is released to the atmosphere along with the non-condensable gases. Not only is this a waste of refrigerant which must eventually be replaced, but it also contributes to the undesirable emissions to the earth's atmosphere.
One known method of increasing the efficiency of the condensation process in the purge chamber is that of using a compressor to increase the pressure in the purge chamber. This has the effect of allowing more refrigerant to condense and thereby leaving a lower concentration of refrigerant in the non-condensable gases that are vented to the atmosphere. However, this enhancement concept is somewhat limited by the practical considerations of the relatively high pressures that are necessary in order to obtain complete condensation of all the refrigerants in the purge chamber.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved purge recovery system for a refrigerant circuit.
Another object of the present invention is the provision in a purge recovery system for decreasing the percentage of refrigerant that is trapped within the non-condensable gases that are released to the atmosphere.
Yet another object of the present invention is the provision in a purge recovery system for enhancing the recovery of refrigerant in the purging process.
Yet another object of the present invention is the provision in a refrigeration system for a purge recovery system that is economical to manufacture and effective and efficient in use.
These objects and other features and advantages become more readily apparent upon reference to the following description when taken into conjunction with the appended drawings.


In a camera module, the position of image pickup lenses at an end at infinity is defined by contact between a bottom surface of a lens barrel and a surface of a sensor cover. This makes it possible to realize a camera module having image pickup lenses positioned with a high degree of accuracy.

In recent years, there have been a larger number of examples where camera modules that fulfill their automatic focusing functions by means of lens drive devices are mounted in electronic devices such as mobile phones. The lens drive devices are commercially available as various types such as types in which stepping motors are used, types in which piezoelectric elements are used, and VCM (voice coil motor) types.
In the case of fixing of lenses to such a lens drive device, the initial position of the lenses with respect to an image pickup element along the optical axis must be set accurately; otherwise, an out-of-focus image will result from defocusing. Further, in a fixed-focus camera module, whose lenses are not moved, the initial position of the lenses can be made more highly accurate by mounting the lenses or a lens holder holing the lenses directly in the image pickup element or a member holding the image pickup element (e.g., see Patent Literature 1).
Citation List
Patent Literature 1    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2003-046825 A (Publication Date: Feb. 14, 2003)
Patent Literature 2    Japanese Patent Application Publication, Tokukai, No. 2008-197313 A (Publication Date: Aug. 28, 2008)

Camera module, electronic device including the same, and method for positioning lenses of camera module


It is intended to provide a push-button switch capable of providing a comfortable and natural click touch. To achieve the purpose, the button turns downward about the point which joins the buckling wall to the base on the back face side. Accordingly, the pulling force on the buckling wall does not occur when the button is pressed. Consequently, a user needs less pressing force, and can feel a clear and quite natural click touch.

Conventionally, a push-button switch has a key top which is pressed by fingers to be operated, and supported by an elastic support body such as a spring. The key top is pressed down against a supporting force of the elastic support body, so that a movable contact integrally formed with the key top comes into contact with a fixed contact, so that an electrical circuit is energized conductive.
Recently, a mobile electronic equipment is provided with many switch mechanisms for input of operations. As shown in FIG. 7A, the switch mechanism includes the push-button switch in which a button 101 made of an elastic material such as a silicon rubber is integrally provided with a buckling wall 103 in its lower part, and is elastically supported by the buckling wall 103.
In this case, the button 101 protrudes outward through a through-hole 8 made in a cover body 109, providing a predetermined clearance between the through-hole 108 and the periphery of the button 101. When the button 101 is pressed down from directly overhead, the button 101 moves along its axis, and a movable contact 116 comes in contact with fixed contacts 105, 106 securely (see FIG. 7B). However, when a user presses an edge, or a cover, of the button 101, the button 101 moves inclining as shown in FIG. 7C, and the movable contact 116 touches only a part of the fixed contacts 105, 106. This results in a state of poor contact. When the button 101 is pressed inclining, the outer edge of the button 101 comes into contact with an inner circumference of the through-hole 8 in the cover body 9, thereby interfering smooth returning of the button 101.
To cope with the above problems, Japanese examined utility model publication No. S63(1988)-43715 discloses a push-button switch arranged as follows: a turning support part of which a bottom end is always in contact with a board, or an upper end is with the bottom end of the button, is provided on the underside of the button in order to prevent one of four faces of a returning elastic body formed along a perimeter of a button from becoming deformed by the operating force on the button. When operated, the button is inclined with its one side supported on the turning support body.
However, the push-button switch of the '715 publication has several problems because the push-button switch is inclined with its one side supported as stated above. Specifically, when a user presses the top face of the button at the side opposite to the turning support part, a pulling force of the button on the returning elastic body is generated on the turning support part side. Because of the force, the user would need to press the button with the stronger force, and feel worse click touch. The returning elastic body would be broken with continuous pressing the button.


In image processing including a PDL processing in which a display list is generated from PDL data described in a page description language (PDL), and a RIP processing in which bitmap data is generated by rendering the display list, before starting the PDL processing on the PDL data, it is determined to generate a display list with overlap removed in the PDL processing when a prediction of the load on the RIP processing is larger than that on the PDL processing, and to generate a display list without overlap removed when the prediction of the load on the PDL processing is larger than that on the RIP processing. According to the present invention, it is possible to quickly and easily balance the load of PDL processing and the load of RIP processing, thereby realizing efficient pipeline processing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing method, an image processing apparatus, and a program for executing that image processing method. In particular, the present invention relates to an image processing method and image processing apparatus having a method for controlling load balancing of PDL processing and RIP processing, and a program for executing that image processing method.
Here, PDL processing is processing that analyzes a Page Description Language and generates a display list. RIP processing is processing that renders the display list as bitmap data using a Raster Image Processor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In parallel processing or pipeline processing of PDL processing and RIP processing in convention print processing using a plurality of CPUs, there are instances of load unbalancing in which (1) a load unbalance occurs according to a drawing area during RIP processing, and (2) a load unbalance occurs between PDL processing and RIP processing.
As a result of that load unbalancing, there is the problem that even if parallel processing is performed, the speed of processing is limited by the slower processing, so that optimal parallel processing or pipeline processing cannot be performed.
The following sorts of proposals have been made to address such problems.
In order to address problem (1), in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-52950, when generating a DL from PDL data that has been input, the processing load of each drawing area is predicted from the PDL data, and a load correction value is generated. By assigning a region of a drawing area to a plurality of drawing processing units such that the loads are balanced, an attempt is made to address the problems.
In order to address problem (2), in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-63027, a selection is made of whether the drawing processing of each processor is set to be processing of rendering to a bitmap (bitmap rendering), or processing (empty drawing) of only updating drawing parameters (vector information). Herein, it is proposed to balance the load of drawing processing on a plurality of processors by this selection.
However, with the above-described conventional techniques, there are problems as follows.
First, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-52950, a correction value is generated at the same time as generating a DL, but this correction value generation itself introduces overhead, and there is a possibility that this will reduce the overall print processing capability. In the case of simple data, that overhead is not particularly large, but as the complexity of the data increases, the time required to generate a correction value is expected to increase. Also, there is no description indicating that an accurate processing time cannot be predicted for CPU assignment when there are a plurality of CPUs that perform PDL processing or RIP processing.
On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-63027, because interpreter processing of the same PDL data is performed in parallel by a plurality of processors (CPUs), unnecessary processing (empty drawing of a page in which drawing is not performed as a result: PDL processing is also performed) occurs. Also, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-63027, because a memory area in which data is held when performing PDL processing is necessary for each processor (CPU), the amount of memory used is large.

Method, apparatus, and program for generating bitmap data


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate as well as novel intermediates for use in said process. (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate is particularly useful as an HIV protease inhibitor.

The virus causing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is known by different names, including T-lymphocyte virus III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) or AIDS-related virus (ARV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until now, two distinct families have been identified, i.e. HIV-1 and HIV-2. Hereinafter, HIV will be used to generically denote these viruses.
One of the critical pathways in a retroviral life cycle is the processing of polyprotein precursors by retroviral protease. For instance, during the replication cycle of the HIV virus, gag and gag-pol gene transcription products are translated as proteins, which are subsequently processed by a virally encoded protease to yield viral enzymes and structural proteins of the virus core. Most commonly, the gag precursor proteins are processed into the core proteins and the pol precursor proteins are processed into the viral enzymes, e.g., reverse transcriptase and retroviral protease. Correct processing of the precursor proteins by the retroviral protease is necessary for the assembly of infectious virions, thus making the retroviral protease an attractive target for antiviral therapy. In particular for HIV treatment, the HIV protease is an attractive target.
Several protease inhibitors are on the market or are being developed. Hydroxyethyl-amino sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors, for example 4-aminobenzene hydroxyethylamino sulfonamides, have been described to have favourable pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties against wild-type and mutant HIV virus. Amprenavir is a commercially available exponent of this 4-aminobenzene hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide class of protease inhibitors. A process for the synthesis of amprenavir is described in WO99/48885 (Glaxo Group Ltd.).
4-Aminobenzene hydroxyethylamino sulfonamides may also be prepared according to the procedures described in EP 715618, WO 99/67254, WO 99/67417, U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,775 and WO 2007/060253, and in Bioorganic and Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 687-690, 1998, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 14 (2004)959-963 and J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 1813-1822, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
One protease inhibitor which has been approved in the USA for human clinical use for the treatment of retroviral infections is the compound having the USAN approved name darunavir with the chemical name (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl-carbamate and the structure of formula (A):

Darunavir is employed in the clinic in the form of its ethanolate solvate derivative.
Methods suitable for the preparation of darunavir are disclosed in WO 99/67417 (USA, The Secretary, Dpt. of Health and Human Services) and WO 99/67254 (USA, The Secretary, Dpt. of Health and Human Services and The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois), and in WO 03/106461 (Tibotec N.V.) and WO 2005/063770 (Tibotec Pharmaceuticals).
EP 1466896 (Ajinomoto KK) relates to a process for producing crystalline benzenesulfonamide derivatives. In particular, it provides a crystallization for (2R,3 S)—N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutyl-4-amino-benzene-sulfonamide, which is an intermediate of interest for the preparation of darunavir.
In order for a chemical route to be suitable for industrial scale, it should produce compounds in acceptable yields and purity while being easy and simple to carry out, as well as cost-effective. As such, there has been found a new process for the synthesis of darunavir which is amenable for use on an industrial scale.
In particular, the present invention provides a convenient process for the production of darunavir and intermediates, solvates, addition salts, polymorphic and/or pseudopolymorphic forms thereof on an industrial scale.
The reagents further used in said process are safe and available in bulk. Furthermore, each step of said method is performed at controllable conditions and provides the desired compound in optimal yields. Moreover, each step of said process is performed stereoselectively, which allows the synthesis of pure stereoisomeric forms of the desired compounds. The last stage of the process, which involves the reduction of a nitro group to form an amino group, is especially advantageous as it provides the desired compound in a relatively pure form with minimal amounts of associated impurities. Also, many of the stages can be performed sequentially without removal of the intermediate compounds from the reaction vessel.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying examples.

Process for the preparation of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro [2,3-b] furan-3-yl (1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate


Optical information recording medium that has resistance to scratching, resistance to friction static electricity, rapid discharging, resistance to dust adhesion on surface, thus having high reliability. The optical information recording medium has one or more substrates and one or more recording layers, and, respectively, one or more hardening coats and one or more antistatic coats provided on one or two sides of the optical information recording medium.

Optical information recording media, such as optical disks, optical cards and mass storage disk memory for computers have been developed and produced on a commercial basis in recent years. Polycarbonate resin and acryl resin are proposed as materials of substrates for these optical information recording media for their superiority in optical characteristics and molding characteristics. However, they are not necessarily satisfactory.
Such polycarbonate and acryl resins are not fully hardened, so that they are soon scratched. Also they are easily charged by static electricity which is hard to be discharged, so that dust soon adheres on their surfaces. When scratched or dust adheres on the surface of the optical information recording disk on which laser beams impinge, failure on recording, replaying and erasing may occur and such lessens the reliability of the optical information recording medium.
To obviate such defects, it is known to apply thermohardening resin or ultra violet hardening resin on the surface of the optical information recording medium and hardening them on the surface to form a relatively hard organic overcoat in order to prevent scratching.
Also, it has been proposed to include a metal, semi-conductor, antistatic agent and surface active agent in the thermohardening resin coat or ultra violet hardening resin coat in order to prevent dust from adhering, that is to impart antistatic property to them.
However, while a thermohardening resin coat or ultra violet hardening resin coat on the surface of the optical information recording medium increases its hardness, nevertheless, its antistatic ability does not improve by including these materials.
Also, by using a coat including metal, semi-conductor, surface active agent or antistatic agent, the antistatic ability is improved, but the hardness is not improved.
To solve the above-mentioned problems one can consider to include these metal, semi-conductor, surface active agent or antistatic resin into the coats of thermohardening resin and ultra violet resin. However, both the hardness and the antistatic ability are not much improved thereby. Specifically, in the case of considering an improvement in hardness, the antistatic ability goes down, because the content of the ultra violet hardening resin and so on increases. Contrawise, in the case of considering an improvement of the antistatic ability full hardness can not be achieved once the content of the surface active agent and so on increases. Also in both of these cases the problems such as a decline of the hardening speed, a decline of the light transmittance, surface pollution and a decline or the coat adhesion of the thermohardening resin and the ultra violet hardening resin occurs.