Provided is a method for a terminal to transmit sidelink signals in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprising the steps of: determining transmission power of a sidelink packet in each of a plurality of carriers; and on the basis of the determined transmission power, transmitting the sidelink signals through one or more carriers of the plurality of the carriers, wherein the transmission power is determined on the basis of a priority of the sidelink packet scheduled for transmission on each of the plurality of carriers, a sum of the transmission power of the sidelink packet scheduled for transmission on each of the plurality of carriers, and maximum transmission power of the terminal. The UE is capable of communicating with at least one of another UE, a UE related to an autonomous driving vehicle, the BS or a network.

Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice or data. In general, a wireless communication system refers to a multiple access system capable of supporting communication between multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). For example, multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, a multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA)
Device-to-device (D2D) communication refers to a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchange voice and data directly without intervention from an evolved Node B (eNB). The D2D communication may include UE-to-UE communication, peer-to-peer communication, etc. In addition, the D2D communication is applicable to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and so on.
The D2D communication has been considered as a method of reducing the burden of an eNB caused by a rapid increase in data traffic. In D2D communication systems, devices may exchange data directly with each other without intervention from the eNB, and thus the overhead of a network may be reduced compared to legacy wireless communication systems. Further, it is expected that the introduction of the D2D communication will reduce the procedures of the eNB, reduce the power consumption of devices participating in the D2D communication, increase data transmission rates, increase the accommodation capability of the network, distribute loads, and extend cell coverage.
Recently, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has been discussed in relation to the D2D communication. The V2X communication covers vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication between a vehicle and a different kind of device, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication between a vehicle and a roadside unit (RSU).

Method for transmitting sidelink signals through plurality of carriers in wireless communication system


A steering damper is configured to adjust a damping force of a rotor covered by a lower casing and an upper casing by changing the viscosity of a magnetic fluid with an electromagnet. Since a magnetic fluid chamber is provided with a volume compensating unit, even when the volume of the magnetic fluid expands, or air entrainment occurs, air bubbles lighter than the magnetic fluid are collected in the volume compensating unit. Thus, characteristic variations of the steering damper due to volume expansion or air entrainment of the magnetic fluid are prevented.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a steering damper provided for a steering mechanism of a vehicle to adjust a damping force on steering, a saddle riding type vehicle including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, this type of apparatus has a lower casing, a first seal member, an electromagnet, a second seal member and an upper casing (see Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-254117 (FIGS. 4-9), for example).
This steering damper includes, as its basic construction, an upper casing having a ring-like receiving recess opening downward, and a lower casing inserted in the receiving recess from below to act as its relatively rotatable lid. An electromagnet and a magnetic fluid are contained in the receiving recess, and the receiving recess is sealed by two seal members. More particularly, the electromagnet is formed of a casing main body (32b) having a sideways U-shaped groove formed circumferentially thereof to be directed outward, and a coil wound around in this groove of the casing main body (32b). The electromagnet is attached to the lower casing (32a). The electromagnet and the lower casing are assembled through a bearing metal (35) to be rotatable relative to the upper casing. In this case, a seal member is disposed between relative rotation surfaces of the two casings to seal the receiving recess. A fluid receiving chamber is formed in a gap between an inner peripheral surface of the upper casing and an outer peripheral surface of the electromagnet, and a ceiling surface of the upper casing and an upper surface of the casing main body. The magnetic fluid is injected into this fluid receiving chamber.
With the steering damper constructed in this way, the lower casing is fixed to a head tube, and the upper casing is fixed to an upper bracket holding a steering handle. When the steering handle is turned and a magnetic field is generated by the electromagnet, the viscosity of the magnetic fluid will increase. Therefore, it can provide an effect of being able to inhibit vibration and wobbling in directions of rotation of the steering handle during driving, for example.
For the above steering damper, a manufacturing method is employed in which, after being assembled as described above and before being attached to the vehicle, the magnetic fluid is supplied from an inlet and the fluid receiving chamber is filled with the magnetic fluid while vacuuming from a discharge port communicating with the fluid receiving chamber. The vacuuming is carried out, since the viscosity of the magnetic fluid is very high, in order to make it easy to fill the magnetic fluid smoothly into the fluid receiving chamber formed in a narrow space. This is done also to leave as little air as possible in the magnetic fluid chamber.
However, the conventional example with such construction has the following problems.
That is, with the conventional apparatus, when the volume of the magnetic fluid expands with temperature increase, the internal pressure of the fluid receiving chamber will increase, which causes a possibility of the upper casing and the lower casing separating slightly from each other. When such a situation arises, air entrainment will be caused by air entering the fluid receiving chamber from the seals, thereby giving rise to the problem of adversely affecting the characteristics of the steering damper.
The conventional manufacturing method has a problem of complicated manufacturing because of the need for vacuuming.

Steering damper, a saddle riding type vehicle having the same, and a method of manufacturing the same


An over-etched defect in a semiconductor wafer is detected by applying an electrical field to the contacts in a first area and comparing the intensity measured with the intensity from a reference area. In one embodiment, one of the contacts in each of the first and reference areas is a gate contact in an MOS device and a second contact is either a source or drain contact. The selected charging field forward biases the pn junctions between the source and drain regions and the well in which they are formed. As a result, defects caused by gate contacts shorted to one of the source and drain contacts are visible using voltage contrast imaging techniques.

The present invention relates generally to detection of defects in semiconductor device processing. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods of detecting over-etch defects in devices having pn junctions.
As semiconductor devices shrink in size, new challenges present themselves. The shrinking in device sizes is often accompanied by an increase in the number of contacts and especially self-aligning contacts. The rising number of self-aligning contacts is making overall contact formation more challenging. Detecting defects such as over-etch in self-aligning contact formation is likewise increasingly challenging.
Current automated optical imaging and light-scattering inspection technologies have limited success detecting defects within high aspect ratio structures such as self-aligning contacts which are becoming more prevalent as device sizes adjacent to gates in the formation of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET or MOS).
When a contact is over-etched, the spacer adjacent to a gate is etched into and may easily cause a short or cause leakage between the source and/or the drain contact and the polysilicon or polysilicide gate. In many cases, the defect shorting the gate and the source or drain regions will escape detection by conventional inspection techniques.
However, such defects may be inspected after fabrication of the device is complete and electrically tested. For example, the source or drain and gate pads may be electrically probed for shorts. Unfortunately, waste of time and materials may be expended if detection of defects must await final device assembly. Destructive techniques are also available off-line after specific process steps but render the tested device unusable. That is, the wafer is removed from the clean room to undergo electrical probing. Once removed, the wafer cannot be reinserted into the process flow.
Therefore, what is needed is a non-destructive in-line method for detecting over-etch defects in MOS devices at an early stage of the fabrication process using inspection equipment that is available during the process flow, such as a scanning electronic beam microscope (SEM).
To achieve the foregoing, the present invention provides apparatus and methods for detecting over-etch defects associated with contacts in a semiconductor device. An over-etched defect is detected by applying an electrical field to the contacts in a candidate area and comparing the intensity measured with the intensity from a reference area. In one embodiment, one of the contacts in each of the candidate and reference areas is a gate contact in an MOS device and a second contact is either a source or drain contact. The selected electrical charging field forward biases the pn junctions between the source and drain regions and the well in which they are formed. As a result, defects caused by gate contacts shorted to one of the source and drain contacts are visible using voltage contrast imaging techniques. In other words, a defective contact has a different imaged appearance during a voltage contrast inspection than a non-defective reference contact. In one embodiment, if a minority of imaged contacts have a different appearance than a majority of imaged contacts, the minority are determined to be defective.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of detecting an over-etched defect. An electrical field is applied above a wafer having a candidate area and a reference area. Each of the candidate area and the reference area has a portion with a first contact connected to a pn junction and a second contact separated by a spacer from the first contact. The electrical field is selected to forward bias the pn junction. An intensity difference of detected electrons between contacts in the candidate area and the reference area is determined. In a further aspect, it is determined that a defect exists when the intensity difference exceeds a predetermined threshold.
In another aspect, the inspected portion of the wafer is a PMOS device and an extracting electrical field is applied. The first contact is either a source or drain contact and the second contact is a gate contact.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the inspected portion of the wafer is an NMOS device and a retarding electrical field is applied. The first contact is either a source or drain contact and the second contact is a gate contact.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings.


A method is disclosed of forming a thin plate having a negative angle-formed portion when a second die is moved straight to bump against a first die to form a work, when the first die is rotatably provided with a rotary cam having a negative angle forming portion, and the second die is equipped with a slide cam having a negative angle forming portion in its opposite position to said rotary cam, and the second die is so set to approach the first die, then the slide cam bumps against the rotary cam and moves to form a negative angle-forming portion between both cams, and after negative angle forming portions having been made, the second die withdraws from the first die and the rotary cam is made to rotate and retreat to the extent that the work can be taken out from the first die. In such a forming method, the negative angle forming portion of the bent work is divided into plural portions which are substantially straight within a range capable of processing with one rotary cam.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of forming a thin plate and its forming die.
2. Description of Related Art
Negative angle forming of a thin plate such as a sheet metal or a plastic plate is performed using a slide cam. In the meantime, the aforementioned "negative angle forming" means such forming which produces a formed portion that enters a lower die from a working locus of an upper die when a work placed on the lower die is formed by pressing with the upper die vertically going down. Conventional negative angle forming processing for thin plate products was performed in such a way that a work is placed on the lower die, and the upper die is made to go down vertically to drive a lower die receiving cam by an upper die actuation cam, and the work is processed from the direction of its side. When processing finishes and the upper die rises, the receiving cam is withdrawn by a spring. In this case, the forming portion of the receiving cam which slides in from a position apart from a transversal outside of the work and forms the work is formed into the same and integrated shape as that of the forming portion of the work. However, the forming portion of the lower die to be loaded with the work must be taken out from the lower die after processing the work, thus the negative angle portion of the lower die is divided to withdraw or the back of the negative angle portion is cut and the work must be moved forward to enable the work to be taken out. When a negative angle is small, there is almost no problem. However, when a negative angle is large, or the product has a long and narrow frame shape with a section of a slot, for example, a front pillar outer of an automobile's sheet metal parts, if the negative angle portion of the lower die is divided or cut, a clear shape not only can not be formed on the forming portion of the receiving cam because of the narrow slot width of the work, but also the negative angle forming processing was impossible because of insufficient strength of the lower die. Moreover, the negative angle forming by a slide cam is performed by sliding a receiving cam over a considerably long straight distance, thus it is not necessarily easy to repetitively slide the receiving cam to a predetermined position, therefore it is difficult to obtain products of stabilized quality. Still furthermore, torsion or deformation arises in the products and sometimes it is required to repair the products, however parts constituting an automobile's shell plate portion such as a side panel, front fender, roof, hood, trunk lid door panel and front pillar outer, all of them have three-dimensional curved surfaces and curves, and thus repairing these products is practically impossible. In the case of an automobile's sheet metal assembly, if there is torsion or deformation in parts, these parts are difficult to connect with other parts, and thus an automobile's sheet metal structure of high quality could not be supplied, therefore it was impossible to maintain predetermined accuracy of thin plate forming parts. Furthermore, use of the slide cam necessitated equipping a large receiving cam or a heel on a side of the lower die load with a work, thereby increasing the area of the lower die, that is, the weight of the die, and also resulting in an expensive die.
Then, in order to solve the above problems, the present applicant has already proposed, in patent publication SHO 63 (1988)-41662, a method of forming a thin plate and its forming die in which vertical linear motion of a press is converted into revolution.
First, the forming die is explained with reference to FIGS. 6-10.
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing finished right and left parts of front pillar outer of automobile sheet metal parts formed by the present forming die. In FIG. 6, a part shown below is for right side use and a part shown above is for left side use. The front pillar outer is a part of a front door frame and also a part of a front glass frame and furthermore a part of a roof panel supporting frame. Therefore, it has a number of connections with many parts and a product which is required to have severe accuracy and when its accuracy is not attained, a sheet metal body of good quality can not be obtained. In addition, this front pillar outer has three-dimensional curved surfaces and curves. Portions to be negative angle formed by the present forming die are shown with characters F in FIG. 6, and the section of the portion is shown as a work W in FIG. 10. That is, a state of the work W shown in FIG. 7 becomes a state of the work W shown in FIG. 10. In this connection, in processes of this press working, first drawing is performed, next outer peripheral trimming is effected to the extent shown in FIG. 7, and then the present forming process is carried out as the third process.
A lower die 100 is provided with, rotatably in a lower die body 103, a cylindrical rotary cam 102 having a slot 101 engraved in the direction of its axis. The lower die body 103 is fixed on a lower base 121 with a bolt 122. The top face of the lower die body 103 is formed into a shape capable of placing a work W, and a negative angle forming portion 104 is formed on the slot 101 edge portion of the rotary cam 102 near the top face of the lower die body 103. An automatic return device 105 which rotates and withdraws the rotary cam 102 so as to take out the work W from the lower die body 103 after forming it is buried in the lower die body 103. In this embodiment, the automatic return device 105 makes a push pin 107, which is activated by a coil spring 106, contact an end bottom face of a rotary plate 108 which is fixed with a bolt 151 to a face opposed to the negative angle forming portion 104 of the slot 101 of the rotary cam 102. In addition, as an automatic return device 105, a pneumatic system, hydraulic system, link mechanism, cam or the like can be used, and the device can be provided between the upper and the lower dies 109 and 100 as well as in the lower die 100.
The upper die 109 is provided with a slide cam 110 in a position opposed to the rotary cam 102. This slide cam 110 is provided with a negative angle forming portion 112 at its bottom end. The slide cam 110 is guided by a guide (not shown) and activated toward an outside of the die by a coil spring 117 compressed between the top face of the slide cam 110 and a bottom face of an inclined guide 154 fixed to an upper base 152 with a bolt 153. The slide cam 110 is stopped by a stop plate 156 fixed with a bolt 155 to the inclined guide 154. A pad 157 is activated downward by a coil spring 158 and is hanged from the upper base 152 by a hanging bolt 110 and pushes the work W strongly against the lower die body 103 so as not to move the work W before negative angle forming of the work W.
Next, the performance of this forming die will be described.
As shown in FIG. 7, the upper die 109 is first positioned at a top dead center, and at that time the work W is placed on the lower die body 103 of the lower die 100. At this time, the rotary cam 102 has been rotated and withdrawn by the automatic return device 105.
Then, the upper die 109 starts to go down, and as shown in FIG. 8, first the bottom face of the slide cam 110 contacts the rotary plate 108 without the slide cam 110 interfering with the negative angle forming portion 104 of the rotary cam 102 and rotates the rotary cam 102 clockwise in FIG. 8.
When the upper die 109 still continues to go down, the slide cam 110 which is activated toward an outside of the die is moved to the left in the transverse direction by the action of the cam against the activating force of a coil spring 117 and reaches a state shown in FIG. 9, and thus the work W is negative angle-formed by the negative angle forming portion 104 of the rotated rotary cam 102 and the negative angle forming portion 112 of the slide cam 110.
After the negative angle forming, the upper die 109 starts to rise. The slide cam 110 has been activated toward an outside of the die by the coil spring 117 and moves right in FIG. 10 and still rises without interfering with the negative angle-formed work W.
While the restricting slide cam 110 rises, the rotary cam 102 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 10 by the automatic return device 105, and the work W can be taken out without interfering with the negative angle forming portion 104 of the rotary cam 102 when taking out the negative angle-formed work W from the lower die body 103.
As mentioned above, the thin plate forming parts nave been negative angle-formed using a rotary cam, and the rotary cam processes the work, rotating on its axis, thus viewing from the direction of processing, when the work is almost straight, the negative angle forming portion is housed in one rotary cam and can be processed. On the other hand when the work is bent, the negative angle forming portion can not be wholly housed in one rotary cam, and thus can not be processed.
In particular, sheet metal parts of an automobile including a door panel have many bent portions, moreover in recent years, have many negative angle-formed portions besides the bent portions due to the automobile's design. Therefore, it is desired that the negative angle formed portion can be formed in only one process without passing it through many processes, whereby the production efficiency is improved.


The sensor apparatus of the present invention includes on a nonconducting substrate electrically conductive pathways leading to at least two analyte electrodes and one reference electrode. The analyte electrodes each have sensitivities for both analytes but each has a membrane and/or electrolyte that favors the conversion of ionic potential to electronic potential for a different analyte. The apparatus has an fluid circuit means for liquid contact between the electrodes so that electric signals can be sent by electric circuitry to an analyzing means. The analyzing means determines the values of the analytes from the following simultaneous relationships: ##EQU1## where: delta mV=change in millivolts. A1=first analyte PA1 A2=second analyte PA1 E1=electrode constructed to favor the first analyte PA1 E2=electrode constructed to favor the second analyte PA1 SE1A1=sensitivity of the electrode favoring the first analyte for the first analyte PA1 SE1A2=sensitivity of the electrode favoring the first analyte for the second analyte PA1 SE2A1=sensitivity of the electrode favoring the second analyte for the first analyte PA1 SE2A2=sensitivity of the electrode favoring the second analyte for the second analyte PA1 f=final measurement PA1 i=initial measurement.

Numerous methods and apparatus exist in the art for measuring chemical components of fluids and current technology utilizes many types of sensors for detecting components and analytes in numerous types of fluids. For example, carbon dioxide and pH sensors are used for measuring these components in various fluids including gases and liquids. For instance, the measurement of blood gases, along with the pH from a sample of arterial blood, gives the state of the acid base balance or the effectiveness of both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of the human or vertebrate body. Measuring the blood gases usually involves a measurement of the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide along with the measurement of the pH since carbon dioxide dissolved in the aqueous solution can affect the pH through the presence of carbonic acid. These are examples of coupled analytes.
It is conventional practice in many of the existing measurement methods, even where the fluid is a liquid or liquid with a dissolved gas with or without the presence of solids to transport a sample to a central location for testing. With centralized testing, the bulky, stationary, elaborate and sophisticated equipment performs the analysis on a practically endless number of samples. Originally, this equipment employed carbon dioxide sensor like the Severinghaus potentiometric sensor for a qualitative and/or quantitative measure of carbon dioxide. This sensor has a gaspermeable membrane between the sample solution for measurement and the measuring cell. The cell has a pH-sensing glass electrode, a reference electrode, and an intermediate electrolyte layer. Recently, more sophisticated carbon dioxide sensors have utilized polymeric membranes like those of the combined pH and carbon dioxide sensor of U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,361.
Also, recent attempts have been made to introduce more portable equipment into the marketplace of fluid analysis. An example of this is the qualitative and/or quantitative measurement of constituents or analytes of blood. The bulky stationary equipment is fairly expensive and the procedures for its use can be cumbersome depending on the type of fluid to be measured. For instance, measuring blood gases from the arterial blood sample involves: drawing the blood sample in a syringe, immersing it in ice and transporting it quickly to the lab where the equipment is usually located for a measurement of the gases. More portable devices would shorten or overcome transporting the sample to the measuring equipment at a fixed location. For example, portable sensing units which can be coupled to a digital readout device would be useful at the patient's bedside in a manner similar to a way that temperatures are measured at the patient bedside.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,000,805 and 3,497,442 show two such devices. The former has electrodes located on a syringe plunger and the latter has electrodes placed on the syringe well to conduct the measurements. The electrodes of these sensors may be particularly sensitive to small sample volumes since they consume oxygen in their operation. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,496, Applicants' assignee describes and claims a portable blood gas sensor which includes sensors fabricated using a conventional silk screening process where the electrodes are screened on to a ceramic substrate. Typically, these electrodes have the conductor along with an electrolyte and analyte permeable polymeric membrane that covers the sensor. Some of these membranes may be hydratable membranes by water vapor permeation and they can be stored in a dry state and hydrated just prior to use as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,361. The more portable the equipment the larger the demand for the miniaturization of the electrodes that still produce precise outputs for the analyte concentration or tension.

Analyte and pH measuring sensor assembly and method


A cylinder bore wall thermal insulator is installed in a groove-like coolant passage of a cylinder block having cylinder bores in an internal combustion engine to insulate the entire bore wall of all the cylinder bores or part of the bore wall of all the cylinder bores. The thermal insulator includes: a base member made of a synthetic resin and having a shape conforming to the shape of the groove-like coolant passage at the installation position of the thermal insulator; a cylinder bore wall thermal insulating member formed of a heat-expandable rubber and affixed to the inside of the base member; and a cylinder bore opposite wall contact member formed of a heat-expandable rubber and affixed to the outside of the base member. A thermal insulator can be obtained which is less likely to be displaced in the groove-like coolant passage, and is readily manufactured.

In an internal combustion engine, fuel explosion occurs at the top dead center of the piston in a bore, and the explosion pushes the piston downward. Because of such a structure, the temperature of the cylinder bore wall is high on the upper side and low on the lower side. This causes a difference in the amount of thermal deformation between the upper side and the lower side of the cylinder bore wall, so that the upper side significantly expands whereas the lower side less expands.
Consequently, the frictional resistance of the piston against the cylinder bore wall increases, leading to lower fuel efficiency. It is therefore demanded to reduce the difference in the amount of thermal deformation between the upper side and the lower side of the cylinder bore wall.
Attempts have been made to homogenize the wall temperature of the cylinder bore wall by installing a spacer in a groove-like coolant passage and regulating the flow of a coolant in the groove-like coolant passage to control the efficiency of cooling the upper side and cooling the lower side of the cylinder bore wall with the coolant. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses an internal combustion engine heat medium passage partition member. The partition member is disposed in a groove-like heat medium passage for cooling an internal combustion engine to divide the groove-like heat medium passage into a plurality of passages. The partition member includes: a passage dividing member having a height below the depth of the groove-like heat medium passage and serving as a wall for dividing the groove-like heat medium passage into a bore-side passage and a non-bore-side passage; and a flexible lip extending from the passage dividing member toward the opening of the groove-like heat medium passage and formed of a flexible material in such a shape that its front edge extends beyond the inner surface of one of the groove-like heat medium passages. After the flexible lip is inserted into the groove-like heat medium passage, the front edge comes into contact with the inner surface at an intermediate position in the depth direction of the groove-like heat medium passage, because of its own flexure restoring force, whereby the bore-side passage and the non-bore-side passage are separated from each other.

Cylinder bore wall thermal insulator, internal combustion engine, and automobile


A ferromagnetic accessory for a handheld device is disclosed. Embodiments include a housing having a first side and a second side, the first side adapted to be coupled to and cover at least a portion of a handheld device, and a ferromagnetic layer coupled to the housing and forming a planar pattern of alternating areas defined by ferromagnetic material and nonferromagnetic material. In at least one embodiment, the ferromagnetic material comprises elongate members and the ferromagnetic layer comprises a plurality of spaced-apart elongate members defining nonferromagnetic material areas therebetween. In other embodiments, the ferromagnetic layer is embedded within the housing. In other embodiments, the ferromagnetic accessory is a contiguous layer, a composite of an elastomer and ferromagnetic material and can be coupled directly to a handheld device or to the outside of a housing.

Many of today's handheld devices (e.g., smartphones, mobile phones, electronic music players, data storage devices, tablets, etc.) are now being equipped with wireless battery charging capabilities. Additionally, these same handheld devices are frequently being used with accessories including magnetic mounts for heads-up display in many environments such as, for example, in automobiles for navigation, hands-free telephone conversations, and/or entertainment. To create a housing (e.g., a fitted case) or mounting plate for the handheld device which is magnetically mountable to a magnetic accessory, a solid ferromagnetic material such as a stainless-steel flat disc is typically molded to or otherwise attached on the handheld device or within the housing coupled to the handheld device.
However, it was realized by the inventors of the present disclosure that when using a solid, flat disc of ferromagnetic material on the handheld device or within the housing for a handheld device, many wireless charging units will heat the ferromagnetic material and damage the housing or the handheld device itself. This is likely caused by the ferromagnetic material heating up due to a fluctuating electromagnetic field created by the inductive coil of the wireless charging unit. The electromagnetic field is meant to couple with and induce energy in a receiving inductive coil in the handheld device to be charged. With a ferromagnetic disc positioned between the charging and receiving induction coils, the electromagnetic field likely induces eddy currents in the ferromagnetic disc, which due to resistance, thereby creates heat, much like in a metal pan used on an induction stovetop. Additionally, presence of the ferromagnetic material either prevents or increases the time it takes to wirelessly recharge the battery of the handheld device because the energy produced by the inductive coil of the wireless charging unit is absorbed and dissipated by the ferromagnetic material rather than coupling with the receiving inductive coil in the handheld device.
One prior art solution moved the stainless steel disk to one end of the handheld device, so that the disk is no longer located between the charging coils when recharging and the disk is still available for coupling with a magnetic mount; however, locating the magnetic connection in a noncentral location of the handheld device increases the likelihood the magnetic coupling will separate and the device fall, particularly when utilize touchscreen functionality on an end opposite the disk and magnetic mount.
It was appreciated by the inventors of the present disclosure that advantages can be realized by providing a damage resistant and magnetic housing or plate for a handheld device which can be centrally located and also provides little to no reduction in wireless battery charging capabilities. The present disclosure is responsive to at least such an endeavor and at least some embodiments are directed to one or more of the problems or issues set forth above and may be directed to other problems as well.

Ferromagnetic accessories for a handheld device


A high pressure solventless mask washer. A mask holder is slidably and rotatably mounted on a shaft within a vessel having a door through which the mask may be inserted and mounted to the holder. A rotatable output extending into the vessel is connected telescopically slides causing rotation of the holder. A spline between the holder and shaft causes vertical movement of the holder as the holder is rotated. Washing liquid is directed outwardly from the shaft against the mask with the liquid then being circulated through a filter to a main reservoir. A doctor blade removes solid materials from the filter and deposits same in a solids accumulator. A pump removes any liquid from the accumulator compartment directing the liquid back through the filter salvaging same.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention is in the field of washers utilized for cleaning industrial materials.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Most industrial tools require periodic cleaning to insure the long life and proper use of the tool. Particularly, masks utilized in spray operations accumulate layers of paints and other chemicals through repetitive usage. It is the custom to mount such tooling including masks within a high pressure solventless washer which then sprays the masks with a cleaning liquid during a timed cycle. The paint particles and chemicals are mixed with the cleaning liquid thereby reducing the effectiveness of the liquid and subsequent cleaning operations. Various filtering systems have been utilized for removing some of the impurities from the cleaning liquid; however, there is still needed a superior method or structure for increasing the filtering of the cleaning liquid insuring more efficient use thereof. Disclosed herein is a system for salvaging and filtering the cleaning liquid.
The racks utilized to hold the tooling or masks within the washers may be stationary or movable past a plurality of spray nozzles. The racks are both vertically movable as well as rotatable around a vertical axis with the structure for moving the rack being mounted externally and atop the vessel. Due to the relatively large size of the vessels, the added height due to the rack driving structure is disadvantageous. Disclosed herein is a washer having a rotatable and vertically movable rack which has the structure for moving same located internally within the vessel thereby providing for a more compact washer as compared to the prior washers.


An indicator element comprising a light permeable cap (6) having a light source (26, 50) at least partially disposed therein, and a protective sleeve (32) with connecting conductors (54, 55) for the light source (26, 50) disposed in the interior thereof, the cap (6) and the protective sleeve (32) being at least partially surrounded by and fastened in a sleeve (2) in such a way that with a compact construction, a reliably operating signal of sufficient brightness is assured and the safety requirements for direct connection to line voltage are satisfied.

This invention relates to an indicator element comprising a light permeable cap in which a light source is at least partially disposed, and a protective sleeve in the interior of which connecting conductors for the light source are arranged.
A indicator element of this type is disclosed in Uchida, U.S. Pat. No. 4,727,289, which contains light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. The LEDs are disposed on a printed circuit and are located inside a light permeable cap which takes the form of a glass bulb joined to a base of metal. This base serves as a protective sleeve for the electrical conductor disposed inside of it and as a holder for mounting the printed circuit board on stays. A resistor is furthermore disposed in the interior of the base so as to permit direct connection to the line voltage, such as for example 100 volts. The outside dimensions correspond to those of a conventional incandescent lamp with a glass bulb, and miniaturization is not easily possible.
Savage, U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,803 discloses an arrangement with a light emitting diode which is disposed in a cap. The rear end of the cap is engaged in a cylindrical part of a protective sleeve and is joined to the sleeve by snap connections. The connecting conductor as well as a resistor for the LED is disposed in the protective sleeve. Special manufacturing and assembling measures are necessary for fastening the LED to the sleeve. The cap is joined only by a snap connection to the expanded front part of the sleeve and can be pulled forward out of the sleeve, so that in practice damage or even destruction of the LED is always possible.
Indicator elements with incandescent lamps, glow discharge lamps and light emitting diodes may have an all-plastic body, or also a threaded metal base, for mounting in a switchboard, panel or the like. Furthermore, such indicator elements contain insulators and contacts for electrical connection. Due to their physical construction, small indicator elements with incandescent lamps and light emitting diodes cannot be operated directly on line voltages of 110 to 250 volts AC so as to provide enough brightness to reliably indicate the states of "on" and "off." A reliable signal function can be achieved up to a voltage of 60 volts AC or DC. This does not apply to indicator elements with glow discharge lamps which because of their particular characteristics are used for the above-mentioned line voltages.


A bulk eraser for erasing recorded information on a magnetic-recording disk. The bulk eraser includes a plurality of magnets and a structure magnetically coupled with the plurality of magnets to produce magnetic-flux density in a gap. The gap has a first portion, a second portion and a third portion. Two magnets are disposed with opposing polarity across the first portion of the gap. The plurality of magnets and the structure are configured to produce a magnetic-flux density in the second portion of the gap sufficient to erase recorded information from a portion of at least one magnetic-recording disk in a disk-stack of the hard-disk drive when the hard-disk drive is inserted into the second portion of the gap. The plurality of magnets and the structure are configured to direct the magnetic-flux density in a substantially radial direction of the portion of the magnetic-recording disk.

The magnetic-recording, hard-disk-drive (HDD) industry is extremely competitive. The demands of the market for ever increasing storage capacity, storage speed, and other enhancement features compounded with the desire for low cost creates tremendous pressure for improved HDDs. Therefore, scientists at the frontiers of magnetic-recording-technology research are driven to improve methods for reducing the cost of manufacturing and are constantly striving to develop new manufacturing tools to effect such cost reductions.
A critical factor affecting the cost of manufacturing is time expended in rework during the manufacturing process. Engineers and scientists engaged in manufacturing research are highly motivated to reduce the time expended in the rework of HDDs, because it goes directly to the profit margin for the product, which can make the difference between success and failure in the marketplace. The challenges of new technologies such as perpendicular-magnetic recording add further complexity to the daunting task of cost reductions. Therefore, the development of methods and tooling by scientists engaged in HDD research that can meet these challenges are crucial to success.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A transmission apparatus of the present disclosure comprises a transmitter that transmits a Trigger Frame for allocating resources for Uplink Multi User (UL MU) transmission, the Trigger Frame comprising a common information field that includes a type subfield indicating one of a plurality of trigger types, wherein the plurality of trigger types includes a first trigger type indicating a basic trigger used for soliciting any type of response frame from a recipient terminal station a second trigger type indicating a specific trigger used for soliciting a specific type of UL MU response frame from a plurality of terminal stations; and a receiver that receives the specific type of UL MU response frame from the plurality of terminal stations when the type subfield indicates the second trigger type.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 Working group is currently in the process of standardizing the next generation WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) technology under the 802.11ax Taskgroup. The primary goal of the Taskgroup is the improvement of spectrum efficiency to enhance the system throughput/area in high density scenarios of Access Points (AP) and/or terminal Stations ("non-AP STA" or simply STA in the rest of the document). A device based on the IEEE 802.11ax specification is generally termed a High Efficiency (HE) device. Among the various technologies being proposed, Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and uplink multi-user transmission are two key technologies that the IEEE 802.11ax Taskgroup has adopted to achieve the throughput improvement goals. FIG. 1 illustrates an example 802.11ax WLAN network 100 with an AP 190 and several STAs associated with the AP 190.
The IEEE 802.11 specification defines various types of frames that may be exchanged within a wireless network based on IEEE 802.11. Management frames are used to enable and to maintain wireless communication within the wireless network. These frames are generated within the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of an IEEE 802.11 device and are usually transmitted at a more robust Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) in order to ensure their correct reception. Some of the management frames are broadcasted by the Access Point (AP) within the wireless Basic Service Set (BSS). Broadcast management frames includes, for example, a Beacon frame to advertise the presence of a BSS as well as its various properties such as the wireless channel it is operating on, its Service Set Identifier (SSID) etc. A STA that is within a communication range of the AP may use the information obtained from the Beacon frame to initially join the BSS if it has not yet joined the BSS, or to update its records of the BSS if it has already joined the BSS. A majority of the management frames, however, are used in a unicast fashion (i.e., addressed to a particular STA or to the AP).
In some cases the AP may transmit management frames to a particular STA to request it to perform a specific action, (e.g., the Disassociate frame to ask the STA to leave the BSS). In a majority of cases though, there will be an exchange of related management frames between the AP and a STA. As an example, an Association Request frame is transmitted by an AP to a STA and the STA transmits an Association Response frame back to the AP to join a BSS. As another example, an Add Block Acknowledgment (ADDBA) Request is transmitted by an AP to a STA and the STA transmits an ADDBA Response frame back to the AP to setup the use of Block Acknowledgment (Ack) mechanism between two devices.

Transmission apparatus and transmission method

Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America


A vehicle door latch mechanism having a housing. A catch is rotatably connected with the housing and includes a striker retaining slot. A pawl is operably connected with the housing. A pawl isolation disk is disposed between the pawl and a frame plate. A striker is adapted for engagement with the catch. A striker bumper is adjacent the housing and includes an abutment surface and a striker damper surface.

Often, consumers equate the performance and quality of vehicles and vehicle components with sound quality and minimal noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of vehicle components including the latching mechanism of a vehicle door. Providing a vehicle door that opens and closes properly and performs each of those functions with minimal audible indication can suggest to a consumer that the overall door assembly, the door closing mechanism, and the vehicle are of high quality.

Energy absorbing bumper for latch closing sound quality


A system and related techniques accept user-inputted search terms, for example to perform a search for files or other data or objects. Corresponding matches to those terms may be presented to the user in a “word-wheel”-type breakout list generated on the fly for groupings of hits by attributes or other criteria, as the system searches through the file system at the current level or point in the file system hierarchy. Search results may be continuously or dynamically updated as the user, for example, enters more characters or other data.

In the realm of operating system, application design and other fields, the need for a powerful and flexible search facility to search a user's storage frequently arises. A user may wish, for example, to search his or her hard drive to locate all files of a certain type or extension, such as ".doc", ".jpg", ".memo", ".report" or others to pull up documents to edit, print other manipulate in other ways. A user may likewise wish to search for files based on associated metadata, such as file size, or date created or modified. A user may at times also choose to search for files based on internal file content, such as desired text or numbers. The need to efficiently initiate and carry out these searches becomes particularly acute when the user is attempting to look through a large quantity of files or data. That situation may apply for example when a user is examining a national customer list in a CRM package, or updating contacts files or shared documents within a large corporation or other organization. In other cases, a user may wish to sort or search through a collection or catalogue of musical, video or other media or file material. Some search tools and facilities have evolved in response to large-scale file search and other requirements.
For example, some applications and other packages may present the user with an input box type of search interface, where the user may enter search terms such as file extensions or other attributes, or in-file characters or text. As the search, for example through a local hard drive and associated file system, progresses, files which partly or fully match the entered attributes or text may be displayed to the user to select or manipulate.
However, existing search tools may be constrained by certain limitations in usability or functionality. For instance, even such search tools as exist merely present the results gathered from searching the client or other file system at the current level or point in the file system hierarchy. So if no results are found in a given directory or folder, the user may be required to restart and reenter another search in another directory or folder, even when using the same search terms. Likewise, existing search tools do not permit the concurrent execution of searches on both file attributes (extension, name etc.) as well as deep or internal file searching, for instance to match text strings. Other problems in file management and search technology exist.

System and method for dynamically generating a selectable search extension


Mirrors having at least one of: (a) a reflective film including a first layer of or including aluminum and a second layer of or including silver or the like, and/or (b) a color tuning layer between first and second layers. The mirrors may be second surface mirrors in certain example embodiments. The mirrors may be flat or bent in different instances, and may or may not be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered and/or thermally bent).

Mirrors have been in existence for years and have been used in interior building applications such as, for example, in bathrooms, as decorations, for furniture, etc., and for exterior applications. Mirrors generally are either first surface mirrors where the mirror coating is provided between the viewer and the supporting glass substrate, or second surface mirrors, where the supporting glass substrate is interposed between the viewer and the mirror coating. See, for example; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,276,289 and 7,678,459; U.S. Publication Nos. 2006/0077580; 2007/0178316; 2008/0073203; 2008/0164173; 2010/0229853; 2011/0176212; and 2011/0176236. The entire contents of each of these patent documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a conventional second surface mirror. The mirror in FIG. 1 includes a mirror coating on glass substrate 100, the mirror coating being composed of silicon nitride layer 101, sputter-deposited aluminum reflective layer 102, silicon nitride layer 103, and optional PPF (permanent protective film) or paint layer 108. Despite the fact that aluminum is highly reactive, it possesses defense against corrosion and tarnishing, namely by way of forming a very thin stable aluminum oxide layer at a surface thereof which prevents/reduces the rest of the aluminum in the aluminum reflective layer from further oxidation. Aluminum is also cheaper than silver. However, the mirror of FIG. 1 suffers from the following problems. First, its visible reflectance is not as good as a high priced silver mirror. Aluminum mirrors are cheaper than silver mirrors, but provide for a lower amount of visible light reflectance, This problem affects the general quality of reflected images and often limits the use of such mirrors to clean-cut applications using thinner glass such as glass less than 4 mm thick. Thicker glass, used for example in beveled mirrors, absorbs a greater portion of light and often requires the use of reflective material which reflectance higher than that of aluminum. Second, its glass side reflective color tends to shift toward the blue color range (compared to a silver mirror), i.e., a blue color shift, which some consider to be aesthetically undesirable. In home/residential mirrors, especially under fluorescent light, the blue shift of the spectrum adds "cool cast" to the reflected image which some believe to be aesthetically undesirable. Given that fluorescent lights are becoming more popular in home/residential and certain commercial/office applications, there is a need in the art to add a "warm cast" to aluminum mirrors in order to make reflected images appear more natural.
Thus, it will be appreciated that there is a need in the art for improved mirrors and/or methods of making the same, where one or both of the problems identified above are addressed. Thus, certain embodiments of this invention relate to mirrors that solve one or both of the problems discussed above.
Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to mirrors including at least one of: (a) a first reflective layer of or including aluminum and a second reflective layer of or including silver or the like, and/or (b) a color tuning layer between first and second reflective layers. The mirrors may be second surface mirrors in certain example embodiments of this invention.
Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to providing a thin reflective layer of low refractive index material (e.g., silver or copper) that is sputter deposited on the glass substrate (directly or indirectly) so as to be located between the glass substrate and an aluminum inclusive reflective layer. This provides adds a "warm cast" to reflected images. In other words, compared to reflected images from the conventional mirror discussed above, this shifts the reflection spectrum to longer wavelengths as well in order to increase the intensity of reflected visible light. This allows the images from the mirror to appear more pleasant, and permits better image quality compared to the use of only an aluminum reflective layer as in the conventional mirror discussed above.
Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to mirrors including a color tuning layer, typically of a transparent dielectric material, provided between first and second reflective layers. The reflective layers may be of or include aluminum and/or silver. The color tuning layer embodiment may or may not be used in combination with the embodiment where both aluminum and silver reflective layers are provided.
In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provided a mirror, comprising: a glass substrate; a reflective film on the glass substrate, the reflective film comprising or consisting essentially of a first metallic or substantially Metallic layer and a second metallic or substantially metallic layer; and wherein the first metallic or substantially metallic layer of the reflective film comprises silver (or copper), and the second metallic or substantially metallic layer of the reflective film comprises aluminum, and wherein the first metallic or substantially metallic layer comprising silver (or copper) is located between at least the glass substrate and the second metallic or substantially metallic layer comprising aluminum.
In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provided a mirror comprising: a glass substrate; a reflective film on the glass substrate, the reflective film comprising a first metallic or substantially metallic layer and a second metallic or substantially metallic layer; and wherein the first metallic or substantially metallic layer of the reflective film comprises material selected from the group consisting of silver, copper and aluminum; wherein the second metallic or substantially metallic layer of the reflective film comprises aluminum, and wherein the first metallic or substantially metallic layer comprising silver is located between at least the glass substrate and the second metallic or substantially metallic layer comprising aluminum; and a dielectric film provided between and directly contacting the first and second layers of the reflective film.


A method including introducing a composition including a siloxane-based aromatic diamine in a flowable state between a first substrate including a first set of contact points and a second substrate including a second set of contact points coupled to the first substrate through interconnections between a portion of the first set of contact points a portion of the second set of contact points; and curing the composition.

1. Field
Integrated circuit packaging.
2. Background
Integrated circuits chip or die are typically assembled into a package that is soldered to a printed circuit board. A chip or die may have contacts on one surface that are used to electrically connect the chip or die to the package substrate and correspondingly an integrated circuit to the package substrate. Accordingly, a suitable substrate may have corresponding contacts on one surface. One way a number of contacts of a chip or die are connected to contacts of a package substrate are through solder ball contacts in, for example, a controlled collapse chip connect (C4) process.
A package substrate may be constructed from a composite material that has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is different than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the chip or die. Variations in the temperature of the package may cause a resultant differential expansion between the chip and the package substrate. The differential expansion may induce stresses that can crack the connections between the chip and the package substrate (e.g., crack one or more solder bumps). The connections carry electrical current between the chip and the package substrate so that any crack in the connections may effect the operation in the circuit.
Typically, a package such as described may include an underfill material that is located between the chip and the package substrate. The underfill material is typically an epoxy that improves the solder joint reliability and also provides mechanical/moisture stability to the package configuration. A package may have hundreds of connections (e.g., solder bumps) arranged in a two-dimensional array across a surface of the chip, between the chip and the substrate package. An underfill is typically applied to the interface of the chip and package substrate by dispensing a line of uncured underfill material along one side of the interface. The underfill then flows between the connections.
A chip or die mounted to a package substrate may be overmolded with a mold compound to provide a level of protection from environmental effects such as moisture and contaminants. A typical overmolding process places a solid or semi-solid molding compound over the chip using a mold press. The package is then transferred through a heated mold that causes the molding compound to flow and encapsulate the chip.
Typical underfill materials and mold compound materials are epoxy based, i.e., epoxy resin. The resin is formed by combining the epoxy with a hardener. Typical hardeners for underfill and mold compound are amine-based systems or phenolic-based systems. A mold compound may also include fillers such as ceramics or silica.
In terms of reliability performance, four properties of an underfill and mold compound materials are generally considered important. These include low CTE, low modulus, adhesion, and high fracture toughness of the cured resin. Methylene diamines as a hardener in epoxy underfill or mold compound have been found to have good adhesion to polyimides and substrates. Toughness for this system is provided by addition of elastomers such as long chain aliphatic silicone-functionalized epoxies. Although the addition of, for example, long chain aliphatic silicone epoxies, improves fracture toughness, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin has been observed to drop with increased addition of the silicone elastomers. The addition of the silicone elastomers are also expected to increase the viscosity of the resin, thus reducing the flow of a resin under a chip as an underfill composition. Finally, the use of methylene-based aromatic diamines must be handled cautiously as these compounds are known carcinogenics.
One problem associated with underfill compositions is that the underfill composition on cure tends to increase the warpage of the package (e.g., a package including chip and package substrate). Warpage has been observed to impact package coplanarity especially on ball grid array (BGA) packages, resulting in stressed joints post reflow. Stressed joints can result in increased solder joint fatigue failures. Also, with the increased die size, more stresses are anticipated, particularly at the die edges. Currently, all packages are expected to meet lead-free soldered reflow requirements. For materials to pass lead-free reflow conditions, high adhesion and low package stress is important.
In the non-central processing unit (CPU) area, stack height of a package is an important parameter. One tendency of the industry is to make packages thinner with more functionality. Decreasing package thickness means developing thinner mold compositions/underfills and less warpage, with better reliability performance.

Underfill and mold compounds including siloxane-based aromatic diamines


A brush roll comprising a multiplicity of brush disk segments mounted on a shaft in a circular arrangement around the axis of the shaft and arranged closely longitudinally of the shaft, each of the brush disk segments including a board substantially in the form of a sector with an angle of about 15 to about 60 degrees, and a plurality of abrasive members attached to and arranged along the outer peripheral edge of the board, the board having a key substantially in the form of a dovetail and opposed to the shaft, the shaft having a peripheral surface formed with substantial key grooves, the key grooves substantially resembling a dovetail and each extending longitudinally of the shaft for the key to fit in.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to brush rolls for brushing metal plates, and more particularly to brush rolls for use in brushing, i.e. polishing, grinding, cleaning or otherwise treating steel plates or sheets, thin stainless steel sheets, other metal strips or the like in the cold rolling process.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Brush rolls which are well known for such a brushing treatment comprises a multiplicity of annular brush disks each in the form of a single piece and bristles of synthetic material attached to the outer peripheral edge of the disk. The brush disks are fitted to a shaft and drivingly connected to the shaft. Since the brush disk of the prior art is a completely annular piece, the disk can not be fitted to the shaft unless it is passed over the shaft end. For this fitting method, the shaft must be supported only at its one end with the other end thereof left unsupported as a free end. Accordingly, the shaft is usually positioned vertically when the brush disks are to be fitted thereto. The shaft of this type of brush roll is generally as long as about 3 m. Difficulties are encountered in fitting the disks from shaft free end with the long shaft positioned vertically. In fact, the worker must move up and down repeatedly on a lift when fitting the disks to the shaft. This work lacks safety.
The disk of the prior art is a thin metal plate so as to achieve the greatest possible cost reduction and assure ease of machining. Holes are formed in the thin disk at a spacing along its outer periphery, a bundle of bristles is passed through each hole and then bent outward in a U-shape, and the bristles are bound together at the bent portion. Accordingly, unless the multiplicity of brush disks fitted to the shaft are fully compressed by a press, the disks can not be assembled compactly as required longitudinally of the shaft. A large-sized press of great output is needed to effect the desired compression filfilling the requirement. Such a press is generally as great as about 4 m in height and about 50 to about 100 tons in output.
The assembly of disks is locked to the shaft by a snap ring and held compressed.
The brush roll usually has a length greater than the width of the metal plate to be brushed. Accordingly, the wear of the bristles is not uniform longitudinally of the brush roll. If the bristles are worn unevenly, the uneven wear must be remedied. For this purpose, it is practice with the prior art to trim the bristle assembly of the brush roll, or to replace the brush disks with worn bristles by new ones. In the former case, the bristles must be trimmed at a repair factory by a skilled worker. The replacement of brush disks involves the necessity of gradually releasing the brush disks from compression; if otherwise some disks will flounce to incur a hazard. Thus, neither of the prior-art methods are easy to practice at the site of brushing operation.


A method of operating a mass spectrometer having an elongated multipole rod set, in which a two dimensional RF field radially contains trapped ions in a mass to charge range of interest, and in which the ions are contained axially by a barrier field on an end lens and to which a low voltage DC is applied. Trapped ions are axially mass selectively ejected by taking advantage of the mixing of the degrees of freedom induced by the fringing fields and other anti-harmonicities in the vicinity of the end lens. Thus, ions can be mass selectively ejected at the exit end at the same time as ions are being admitted into the entrance end of the rod set, thereby taking better advantage of the ion flux from a continuous ion source. The axial mass selective ejection is performed by applying an auxiliary AC voltage to the end lens, or to the rods themselves, or both, and by scanning either the auxiliary AC voltage or the RF voltage on the rod set. Trapped ions can be concentrated near the exit lens by applying an axial field in the direction of the lens, or can be depleted by applying the axial field in the opposite direction. The axial field can be oscillated to dissociate trapped ions.

Conventional ion traps, of the kind described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,939,952, are generally composed of three electrodes, namely a ring electrode, and a pair of end caps, with appropriate RF and DC voltages applied to these electrodes to establish a three-dimensional field which traps ions within a mass range of interest in the relatively small volume between the ring electrode and the end caps. The electrodes may be hyperbolic, producing a theoretically perfect three-dimensional quadrupole field, or they may deviate from hyperbolic geometry, giving rise to additional multipole fields superimposed on the quadrupole field and which can produce improved results.
Usually ion trap mass spectrometers are filled in an essentially mass-independent manner and are emptied mass-dependently by manipulating the RF and DC voltages applied to one or more of the electrodes. The ion storage and fast scanning capabilities of the ion trap are advantageous in analytical mass spectrometry. High analysis efficiency, compared to typical beam-type mass spectrometers, can be achieved if the time to eject and detect ions from the trap is smaller than the time required to fill a trap. If this condition is met, then very few ions are wasted.
However an inherent disadvantage of ion traps is that ion transport into the trap is usually of very low efficiency, e.g. one to ten percent, primarily due to the relatively small volume of the trap and the very demanding ion energetic constraints for trap acceptance of externally generated ions. The relatively small volume of the ion trap means that the number of ions that can be accepted before space charge effects become serious is also relatively small. Increasing the radial dimension of the volume of the trapping chamber of a conventional ion trap partially overcomes this limitation, but with the additional disadvantages of reduced analytical utility and/or increased costs (e.g. reduced mass range, larger power supplies). The small volume of the ion trapping chamber will also tend to limit the linear response range (i.e. dynamic range), again because of the effects of space charge at high ion densities.
An additional problem is that when a conventional ion trap is performing an analysis, no additional ions can be accepted. For many modern ion sources such as electrospray, ion spray (disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,988), or corona discharge, this can be a considerable disadvantage because the trap fill time is usually short compared with the analysis time. Consequently, and as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,278 assigned to the assignee of the present invention, many ions can be wasted during the analysis time, resulting in relatively low duty cycles.
It is known that ions can be trapped and stored very efficiently in a two-dimensional RF quadrupole. In some cases ions have been admitted into and then trapped in a two-dimensional quadrupole for purposes of releasing them into a conventional ion trap, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,278. More generally ions have been admitted into a pressurized linear cell or a two-dimensional RF quadrupole for the purpose of studying ion molecule reactions. Generally the ions enter the device from a mass selective source such as a resolving quadrupole, are trapped for a specified period of time, and then are ejected mass-independently for subsequent mass analysis.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,425 teaches that ions can be trapped and stored in a two-dimensional RF quadrupole and scanned out mass-dependently, using the technique of mass selective instability. According to that patent the device disclosed therein was conceived in order to improve ion sensitivities, detection limits, and dynamic range, by increasing the volume of the trapping chamber in the axial dimension. The mass selective instability mode of ion ejection (and all other mass analysis scanning modes described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,425) involve ejecting ions out of the trapping chamber in a direction orthogonal to the center axis of the device, i.e. radially.
There are several disadvantages of radial ejection of ions from a two-dimensional RF quadrupole. One disadvantage is that radial ejection expels ions through or between the quadrupole (or higher order multipole) rods. This forces the ions through regions of space for which there are significant RF field imperfections. The effect of these imperfections is to eject ions at points not predicted by the normal stability diagram.
Radial ejection from a two-dimensional RF quadrupole has the further disadvantage of providing a poor match between the dimensions of the plug of ejected ions and conventional ion detectors. In a linear or curved rod structure, radially ejected ions will exit throughout the length of the device, i.e. with a rectangular cross-section of length corresponding to the rods themselves. Most conventional ion detectors have relatively small circular acceptance apertures (e.g. less than 2 cm.sup.2) that are not well-suited for elongated ion sources.
Mass selective instability for radial ion ejection of ions from a two-dimensional RF quadrupole has additional problems. Ions ejected radially from such a device will exit with a diverging spacial profile with a characteristic solid angle. Some of the ejected ions will hit the rods and be lost. In addition, radially ejected ions will leave the trapping structure in opposite directions. Multiple ion detectors would be required to collect all of the ions made unstable by this and similar techniques. Ions ejected away from the detector(s) or which encounter one of the electrodes are lost and therefore do not contribute to the measured ion signal. Therefore only a small fraction of trapped ions would normally be collected, despite the very high storage ability of this device.

Axial ejection in a multipole mass spectrometer


A wiring board to be connected to an object includes: contact points to be connected to the object; wires connected to the contact points; and a substrate on which the contact points and the wires are formed. The substrate has a first portion which has openings and overlaps with the object when the wiring board is connected to the object, and a second portion which is continuous to the first portion. The contact points include first contact points formed in the first portion on one surface of the substrate facing the object, and second contact points formed in the second portion, on the other surface of the substrate, at areas which do not overlap with the first contact points when the substrate is bent so that the first portion is overlapped with the second portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wiring board which is to be connected to an object, and a liquid jetting head.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wiring boards which transmit and receive signals and supply electric power upon being connected to various equipments have hitherto been known. For instance, in a field of recording apparatuses including a large number of recording elements, which record an image and characters on a recording medium such as a recording paper, in order to fulfill the requirement of a high-speed printing and a high-resolution printing, in recent years, there has been a tendency toward increase in the number of recording elements and a high densification. Therefore, with the increase in the number of recording elements, contact points on a substrate of a wiring board which are to be connected to contact points on an element side connected to the recording elements have increased, leading to a high densification, and drawing around of wires to the plurality of contact points on substrate side has been complicated.
Therefore, as a structure which makes the drawing around of wires easy, in a wiring body which is to be connected to a piezoelectric actuator of an ink-jet head described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0316255 (corresponds to Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2009-4419), two wiring boards are stacked to overlap, and a plurality of contact points on substrate side corresponding to a plurality of contact points on element side of the piezoelectric actuator, and wires to be connected to the plurality of contact points on substrate side are formed to be distributed to the two wiring boards. Moreover, in one of the wiring boards facing the piezoelectric actuator, an opening is formed at a position facing the contact points on substrate side formed on the other wiring board, and from the opening, the contact points on substrate side formed on the other wiring board are exposed toward the piezoelectric actuator. In this manner, by arranging the plurality of contact points on substrate side, to be divided on two wiring boards, the drawing around of wires to the plurality of contact points on substrate side is made easy.
However, in the wiring body described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-0316255, a highly densified arrangement of contact points has been realized by overlapping two wiring boards, and since a distance between the contact points is substantially small, it is necessary to join two wiring boards to the piezoelectric actuator which is to be connected, upon positioning accurately. However, when the two wiring boards are separate members, to position the wiring boards with a micro distance between the contact points is difficult and takes longer time. Moreover, when a force in a direction separating away from an object is exerted to any of the two wiring boards, the force is exerted only to the contact points on substrate side formed on the wiring board to which the force has been exerted. Therefore, a joining strength is low, and exfoliation and shifting of the wiring board from the object are easily occurred.


The invention relates to a polymeric fibre derived from a copolymer of polyacrylonitrile and a comonomer. The fibre comprises a metal ion and/or silicon at from about 1 to about 15 wt %. A process for making the fibre is also described.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic, semicrystalline linear organic polymer, with the formula (C3H3N)n. Although it is thermoplastic, it does not melt under normal conditions but rather degrades before melting. It melts above 300° C. if the heating rates are 50° C. per minute or above. Almost all polyacrylonitrile resins are copolymers made from mixtures of monomers with acrylonitrile as the main component.
Polyacrylonitrile resins have been used to produce large variety of products including ultra-filtration membranes, hollow fibres for reverse osmosis, fibres for textiles, and oxidized PAN fibres. PAN fibres are also used as the chemical precursor of high-quality carbon fibre.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN copolymers generally have very poor flame retardant properties. Comonomers are frequently halogenated. The polymers and copolymers commonly contain flame retardants in order to overcome this disadvantage, however these can produce toxic off-gases in fire situations which represent a significant hazard.
A number of approaches are available to improve the flame resistance properties of polymeric materials. For PAN and its derivatives a multistep synthetic process has been developed and is used commercially today. One of these involves the treatment of PAN with hydrazine hydrate. It is not understood what chemical transformation occurs that provides the flame retardant properties of hydrazine-treated PAN, as the chemistry of the initial reaction between PAN and hydrazine hydrate is extremely complex.
In recent years, with the aim to reduce handling and use of toxic chemicals, some common flame retardant chemicals have been banned, or are being phased out and have limited use to a few countries. Halogenated polymers or chemicals used to achieve flame retardant properties have been found to accumulate in the environment, and therefore pose a health hazard and are being phased out. Hydrazine hydrate is corrosive, irritant, biologically (carcinogen, skin corrosion and sensitisation) and environmentally toxic (aquatic), is a strong reducing agent and in its anhydrous form extremely explosive. Due to it hazardous nature, its use requires stringent safety controls.
An alternative to the hydrazine process which avoids many of its problems is described in Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2016900596 and related International Application No. PCT/AU2017/000046, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference. This process used organic diamines, which also require careful handling and may be toxic. Additionally, it relied on post-treatment of an existing fibre rather than generating a fibre with the desired properties initially.
Polyacrylonitrile fibres are predominately produced by a wet-spinning process. This is a costly, hazardous and difficult process, requiring specialised equipment and solvent handling capability
It is therefore desirable to develop a process for making a flame-retardant PAN-based fibre that overcomes at least some of the above disadvantages.


A high-gain, high-speed differential preamplifier is described, in which a current source is coupled to one input of a differential amplifier and the other input of the differential amplifier is coupled to a sensor. In one implementation, the current source includes a field effect transistor operating in saturation mode and a bipolar junction transmitter in an emitter follower configuration.

The present invention relates to electronics and more particularly to a high-speed differential preamplifier.
A preamplifier is an electronic component that is connected to a low-level signal source for providing suitable impedances and gain in an amplified signal that can be further processed without appreciable degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio. The signal source for a preamplifier can be a sensor that produces an electrical signal in response to a physical stimulus, such as light, heat, or pressure. In fiber-optic networks, the sensor can be a photodiode, which produces an electrical current in response to light. Other optical sensors include photoresistors, a device whose resistance decreases in response to a light stimulus, and a photocell, which produces an electric potential from an incidence of photons.
Preamplifiers are critical components in fiber-optic networks for controlling the noise sensitivity of optical front ends. One source of noise is known as xe2x80x9ccommon modexe2x80x9d noise, which manifests itself as a wandering direct current (DC) bias on the input signal. To achieve a high common mode noise rejection, it is desirable to employ a differential architecture, but differentially coupling the current signal produced by a photodiode to a preamplifier is difficult without the use of external components for alternating current (AC) coupling due to the DC reverse bias required by the photodiode.
One approach for coupling a photodiode to a preamplifier is depicted in FIG. 4. A circuit 400 comprises a differential amplifier 401 that has two input nodes 403 and 405 and two output nodes 407 and 409. A feedback resistor 411 having a resistance RF is coupled between output node 407 and input node 403, and another feedback resistor 413 having a resistance RF is coupled between output node 409 and input node 405. A photodiode 415 is coupled to have a DC reverse bias between VCC and input node 405. To provide a balanced circuit, a small capacitor 417 is coupled between the input node 403 and VCC.
In this architecture, the photodiode 415 produces a signal current IS that is single-ended DC coupled to the differential amplifier 401. The differential amplifier 401 produces an inverted voltage xe2x88x92DV at output node 407 and a non-inverted voltage DV at output node 409 based on a difference in the electrical signal at nodes 403 and 405. The small capacitor 417 absorbs such little charge that the inverted voltage xe2x88x92DV at output node 407 is also present at input node 403.
In the normal operation of the differential amplifier 401, input node 405 also has a voltage of xe2x88x92DV, which causes the potential difference across the feedback resistor 413 to be DVxe2x88x92DV=2 DV. By Ohm""s law, the potential difference across the feedback resistor 413 equals the product of the signal current IS flowing from photodiode 415 and the feedback resistance RF: ISxc3x97RF=2 DV, or DV=ISxc3x97RF/2. Accordingly, the single ended swing is RF/2 and the differential transimpendance gain is only RF. This gain limits the responsivity of the preamplifier in response to small input signals.
Attempting to improve the limited gain of the circuit 400 by increasing the values of the feedback resistors 411 and 41 or the capacitor 417 impairs other desirable characteristics of the circuit 400. For example, using either larger feedback resistors 411 and 41 or a larger capacitor 417 increases RC (resistancexc3x97capacitance) constant, which degrades the preamplifier""s bandwidth and dynamic range. Furthermore, this and many other approaches to increasing the preamplifier""s gain have been known to appreciably increase the power consumption and enlarge the integrated circuit real estate of preamplifier implementations.
A need therefore exists for a high-gain preamplifier, preferably without penalizing the preamplifier""s bandwidth or consuming significantly additional power or chip area. This need as well as others, is addressed by providing a current source at one amplifier input, which allows the signal current at the other input to flow through both feedback resistors, thereby doubling the gain. Bandwidth and dynamic range is preserved because the capacitance and resistance of the circuit remain the same.
Accordingly, one aspect pertains to a circuit for amplifying a signal from a sensor, which comprises a current source and a differential amplifier with one input coupled to the sensor and another input coupled to the current source. Feedback resistors may be coupled between the inputs and respective output, such that the gain of the amplifying circuit is approximately twice the feedback resistance. The current source may be configured to source a current greater than the current produced by the sensor and, in one implementation, include a field-effect transistor in saturation mode coupled to an emitter of a bipolar junction transistor. The amplifying circuit is part of an optical front, in which the sensor includes a photodiode and is coupled to a post amplifier.
Another aspect relates to a method for amplifying a signal from a sensor. A current generated by the sensor is received at a first node, while sinking, at a second node, a current greater than the current generated by the sensor. The signal is differentially amplified based on signals at the first node and the second node.
Still other aspects, features, and advantages are readily apparent from the following detailed description, simply by illustrating a number of particular embodiments and implementations, including the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention. The present invention is also capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details can be modified in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawing and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.


A supporting member feeding device utilized for manufacturing a construction panel of three dimensional structure, has gears whose teeth partially extend into an interior of an inclined wall of a hopper containing supporting members and rotating in an opposite direction from the direction of the ascending supporting members to smoothly discharge the supporting members toward a chute, and the supporting members discharged from the outlet of the hopper are kept at a predetermined distance by a spiral conveyor whose teeth extend into the chute through a hole of the chute forming member so as to forcibly and exactly feed the supporting members toward an inclined discharging outlet of the chute.

The present invention relates to a device for feeding a supporting member of a construction panel. More particularly, it relates to a device for feeding a supporting member of a construction panel utilized for manufacturing the construction panel 10 having a three dimensional structure as shown in FIG. 1.
The construction panel 10 has an upper wire mesh 18 arranged with longitudinal wires 14 and latitudinal wires 16 and a lower wire mesh 24 arranged with longitudinal wires 20 and latitudinal wires 22 and positioned with predetermined intervals at the top and bottom of a usual heat insulating core material 12 made of synthetic resin foam such as polystyrene. The panel also has supporting members 26,28 extending in different directions and welded to the upper wire mesh 18 and the lower wire mesh 24 by piercing through the heat insulating core 12.
The supporting members include a first supporting member 26 and a second supporting member 28. Both end portions of the first and second supporting members 26,28 are spot welded to the longitudinal wire meshes 14,20 of the upper and lower wire meshes 18,24.
A method for manufacturing such a construction panel 10 having a three dimensional structure is described in the Korean Utility Model Registration No. 68,190 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,027, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1059950A), and Korean Patent Application No. 92-13061 (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/007,846 and Chinese Patent Application No. 92111269.6).
The manufacturing machine described in the above documents has a supporting member feeding device of a rotary type, which comprises a hopper with the supporting members previously cut to a predetermined length, a chute for free dropping the supporting members, and a rotary drum having a number of grooves into which the supporting members are inserted one by one between the hopper and the chute. A vibrating means is attached to the hopper such that the supporting members could be placed well one by one into the interior of the rotary drum.
The diameter of the supporting members of the supporting member feeding device is relatively small, e.g., approximately 2 mm. Therefore, the supporting members located at the outlet side of the hopper, i.e., the supporting members to be located adjacent to the rotary drum, are strongly pressed by a pressure of a sideward direction of the other supporting members located at both its side surfaces and become conglomerated together. Therefore, even if the hopper was vibrated at the upper side of the hopper, a conglomerated state of the supporting members as described above cannot be satisfactorily scattered. As a result, the supporting members are not precisely loaded into the groove of the rotary drum and thereby a feeding error of the supporting members occurs.
The feeding is performed toward the slant outlet at the lowermost side of the chute located below the rotary drum, so that a plunger of a pneumatic pressure-type inserting-through means moving in this region pushes the supporting members toward the outlet. The feeding is performed by a free dropping method by the self weight of the supporting members. As a result, it becomes difficult to make the feeding timing and the inserting-through timing exactly match one another.

Device for feeding supporting member of construction panel

Sin Banpo 3rd Apartment 25-505, #1-1, Banpo-dong, Seocho-ku


A chalk line anchoring device is disclosed for anchoring an end of a chalk line on a building element. The anchoring device may comprise an elongated base wall for positioning adjacent to an edge of the building element. The base wall has opposite ends and opposite sides. A notch is formed in the base wall for receiving a chalk line. A first side wall is mounted on and extends from the base wall, and a second side wall is mounted on and extends from the base wall. The anchoring device also includes structure for resisting movement with respect to the building element.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to chalk line aids and more particularly pertains to a new chalk line anchoring device for anchoring a portion of a line to an edge of a building element in a manner that secures the line portion in position with respect to the building element even when the line extends at non-perpendicular angles to the edge.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A number of devices have been proposed to provide various degrees of anchoring of a portion of a chalk line to a structure, such as a building element, to permit a line to be marked on the building element using the chalk or other substance on the line. While these devices may be somewhat effective for the intended purpose, it is believed that the devices disclosed in the art are not as useful as they could be, and are limited in their effectiveness when the line is to be extended and stretched in an orientation that is not perpendicular (or close to perpendicular) to the edge of the building element on which the device is mounted. Non-perpendicular orientations of the line tend to apply a force component to the device that is parallel to the edge, and can cause the device to slide along the edge, thus losing the desired positioning of the device and the line.
It is therefore believed that there is a need of a device for anchoring a chalk line that exhibits greater security in mounting on the edge of a building element, and is thus more resistant to being dislodged from the desired position when the attached line is stretched for line marking.


An intraocular lens comprising an optic and four haptics extending from the optic, each haptic having a proximal end meeting with the optic at differing points about a periphery of the optic. The four haptics are arranged into a first pair comprising two arcuate haptics with curvature orientated toward each other such that a distal end of each of the two haptics of the first pair are in nearer relation than their proximal ends; and, a second pair comprising two arcuate haptics with curvature orientated toward each other such that a distal end of each of the two haptics of the second pair are in nearer relation than their proximal end.

Intraocular lenses are artificial lenses that may be implanted in the eye in a surgical procedure to replace the natural lens of the eye. A typical intraocular lens may feature an artificial lens termed an optic, as well as one or more support members termed haptics to position the intraocular lens within the capsular bag of the eye.
Certain optics may require a greater degree of centration and stability within the eye, for example toric lenses which have different powers in different meridians of the lens. The rotational stability of toric lenses may be particularly important, with each degree of rotation of a toric lens reducing refractive performance by approximately 3%. Other optics which may require a high degree of centration and stability within the eye may include bi-focal and multi-focal lenses.
There is a need for intraocular lenses with haptics that improve the stability of the optic within the capsular bag of the eye. For example, there is a need for a toric intraocular lens with improved rotational stability within the capsular bag of a patient after implantation.
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or admission or any form of suggestion that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.