A method includes determining an operational parameter of a first vehicle traveling with a plurality of vehicles in a transportation network and/or a route in the transportation network, identifying a failure condition of the first vehicle and/or the route based on the operational parameter, obtaining plural different sets of remedial actions that dictate operations to be taken based on the operational parameter, simulating travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network based on implementation of the different sets of remedial actions, determining potential consequences on travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network when the different sets of remedial actions are implemented in the travel that is simulated, and based on the potential consequences, receiving a selection of at least one of the different sets of remedial actions to be implemented in actual travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network.

Transportation systems such as railways can be complex systems, with several components being interdependent on other components within the system. Attempts have been made in the past to optimize the operation of a particular component or groups of components of the railway system, such as for the locomotive, for a particular operating characteristic such as fuel consumption, which can be a significant component of the cost of operating a railway system. Some estimates indicate that fuel consumption is the second largest railway system operating cost, second only to labor costs.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,144,901 proposes optimizing the operation of a train for a number of operating parameters, including fuel consumption. Optimizing the performance of a particular train (which may be only one component of a much larger system that includes the railway network of track, other trains, crews, rail yards, departure points, and destination points), however, may not yield an overall system-wide optimization or improvement of one or more of the operating parameters.
One system and method of planning at the railway track network system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,172. Movement planners such as this are primarily focused on movement of the trains through the network based on business objective functions (BOF) defined by the railroad company, and not necessarily on the basis of improving performance or a particular performance parameter such as fuel consumption. Further, the movement planner may not extend the improvement down to the train (much less the consist or locomotive), nor to the railroad service and maintenance operations that plan for the servicing of the trains or locomotives.
Thus, there does not appear to be recognition that improvement of operations for a transportation system may require a multi-level approach, with the gathering of key data at several levels and communicating data with other levels in the system.
Powered systems that operate within transportation systems or other systems can include off-highway vehicles, marine diesel powered propulsion plants, stationary diesel powered systems, and rail vehicle systems, e.g., trains. Some of these powered systems may be powered by a power unit, such as a diesel or other fuel-powered unit. With respect to rail vehicle systems, a power unit may be part of at least one locomotive and the rail vehicle system may further include a plurality of rail cars, such as freight cars. More than one locomotive can be provided with the locomotives coupled as a locomotive consist. The locomotives may be complex systems with numerous subsystems, with one or more subsystems being interdependent on other subsystems.
An operator may be onboard the powered system (such as a rail vehicle) to ensure proper operation of the powered system. In addition to ensuring proper operation of the rail vehicle, the operator also may be responsible for determining operating speeds of the rail vehicle and in-vehicle forces within the rail vehicle (e.g., forces between coupled powered units such as locomotives and/or non-powered units such as cargo cars or other railcars). To perform this function, the operator may have extensive experience with operating the rail vehicle over a specified terrain. The experience and knowledge of the operator may be needed to comply with prescribed operating speeds that may vary based on the location of the rail vehicle along a route, such as along a track. Moreover, the operator also may be responsible for ensuring in-vehicle forces remain within acceptable limits.
Even with knowledge to ensure safe operation, the operator may not operate the vehicle so that the fuel consumption, emissions, and/or travel time is reduced or minimized for each trip. For example, other factors such as emission output, environmental conditions like noise or vibration, a weighted combination of fuel consumption and emissions output, and the like may prove difficult for the operator to both safely operate the vehicle while reducing the amount of fuel consumed by the vehicle, reducing the amount of emissions generated by the vehicle, and/or reducing the travel time of the vehicle. The varying sizes, loading, fuel characteristics, emission characteristic, and the like can be different for various vehicles, and external factors such as weather and traffic conditions can frequently vary.
Owners and/or operators of off-highway vehicles, marine diesel powered propulsion plants, and/or stationary diesel powered systems may realize financial benefits when the powered systems produce increased fuel efficiency, decreased emission output, and/or decreased transit time so as to save on operating costs while reducing emission output and meeting operating constraints, such as but not limited to mission time constraints.

System and method for controlling movement of vehicles


A non-reusable syringe is provided with an annular locking groove having a seat proximal to the rear end of the barrel and a second annular locking groove with a second seat located near the proximal end of the barrel. The plunger for the non-reusable syringe is provided with a flexible disc preferably located directly behind the piston head so that when the plunger is inserted with the barrel, the disc can bend upwardly when sliding the plunger downwardly past the first seat of the annular locking groove and, yet, proximal relative movement of the plunger with respect to the barrel is precluded by the cooperation of the disc and the locking groove. When the plunger is fully pushd in the distal direction, the disc, again, can pass in one direction beyond the second locking groove and its seat and, yet, reciprocation or proximal movement of the plunger with respect to the barrel is precluded by the mechanical interaction of the disc with respect to the second locking groove and seat. In this manner, a non-reusable syringe is provided.

The instant invention relates generally to medical tools and more specifically it relates to a non-reusable, single use hypodermic syringe. Because diseases such as AIDS are easily transmitted between individuals by the reuse of hypodermic needles, there is a vital requirement for a hypodermic syringe which permits only one time use. It is this requirement that the instant invention is designed to satisfy.
Numerous medical tools have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to help in the assistance in treating various illnesses and injuries to people. While these units may be suitable for the particular purpose which they address, they would be as suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described.
There are several hypodermic syringe constructions with non-retractable drive pistons. One such prior structure is that identified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,391,272 entitled "Disposable Syringe", issued to Jackie Staempfli which discloses a segmented disk 6 attached to a plunger 4 lockable in annular grooves 5 so that the plunger 4 is capable of being moved forwardly with minimum resistance between disk 6 and the inner wall of the cylinder, but when the plunger is moved fully forward, disk 6 is locked in groove 5 preventing upwardly rearwardly movement of the plunger.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,703 issued to Ida M. Butterfield entitled "Hypodermic Syringe Cartridge With Non-Retractable Piston" illustrates another resilient disk-like element 32 which is flexed rearwardly permitting the plunger to move forwardly in the barrel. Disk-like element 32 is captured in annular grooves formed by a ratchet surface formed on the inner wall of the barrel. In this manner, the flexed disk-like member 34 prevents rearward movement of the plunger, including the additional resistance to movement required to force the disk-like member from its pre-stressed rearwardly flexed position.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,979,943 issued to Lewis E. Trenner entitled "Single Use Hypodermic Needle" illustrates yet another form of lock to prevent retraction of the plunger after dispensing of the fluid through the syringe by providing a reversal stop 86 which bears against end wall 16.
Each of these prior art devices requires that the groove which locks the disk from rearward movement be substantially perpendicular to the axis of the plunger. Since swinges can be of varying sizes, a square shaped groove may not easily be achievable for one cc. syringes. The thickness of the barrel and the tolerances achievable do not allow for sufficient accuracy to produce reliable syringes of such small sizes. Further, the manner of preventing reverse movement of the plunger merely relies upon the mating bearing surfaces between the rear wall of the disk and front wall of the seat formed by the groove. be possible to actually use sufficient force to bend the disk and pull it out of the groove allowing the plunger to be removed from the barrel.


A method for the production of a tower of a wind power plant is disclosed wherein at least one tubular tower section is produced from annular precast concrete parts having two horizontal contact surfaces, which are arranged on top of one another. After casting, the annular precast concrete parts are set up in a processing station in the precast plant and the two horizontal contact surfaces of the precast concrete parts are processed in an orientation setting in a plane-parallel, material-removing manner. A tower of a wind power plant comprises at least one tubular tower section of annular precast concrete parts having two horizontal contact surfaces, which are arranged on top of one another. Both horizontal contact surfaces of the precast concrete parts are reworked in a plane-parallel, material-removing manner with a small parallelism deviation and a small flatness deviation.

Towers for wind energy power plants are constructed from prefabricated concrete parts manufactured in a prefabricated part facility. According to a typical state of the art method, the prefabricated concrete parts are transported to the assembly site after they are manufactured and placed on top of one another to assemble a tower. However, to accomplish this, they must first be straightened with respect to one another. In this case, a casting compound is placed between the prefabricated parts so the large production tolerances of the prefabricated concrete parts, which generally amount to several millimeters for large parts as is the case here, are compensated. Furthermore, a casting compound is necessary in the joint between the prefabricated parts to seal the tower. The disadvantage of this method is that building by straightening the parts requires a lot of effort and is time consuming. Moreover, the building of the tower at the assembly site is possible only under good weather conditions.
For this reason, DE 10 2008 016 A 1 suggests an improved method for manufacturing prefabricated concrete parts for wind energy power plants. Here, the prefabricated concrete part is manufactured in a casting mold with a level floor so that the underside of the prefabricated concrete part can be very accurately manufactured.
A layer of epoxy resin milled over parallel to the underside after hardening is applied on the upper side of the prefabricated concrete part. In this method, the casting mold must already be very accurate for the manufacturing of the level underside. Thus, the manufacturing of the mold is relatively difficult. Furthermore, the grinding station must make available a precisely positioned seat for the prefabricated concrete part.
The task of the present invention is to suggest a method for building a tower from prefabricated concrete parts that allow the tower to be built easily and quickly.

Tower of a wind power plant and method for producing a tower of a wind power plant


A method and system for preventing duplicate file uploads in a remote content management system is described. The user device receives a hash value list associated with the files stored in the remote content management system. The user device calculates a hash value associated with new files to be uploaded. The system then compares the hash value(s) associated with the new file(s) to be uploaded with the hash value list received from the remote file storage system. If the hash values of any of the new files to be uploaded match a hash value on the hash value list, then the system prevents the new files from being uploaded to the remote file storage system.

Today, a large percentage of electronic content management, storage, and related services are remote, or "cloud" based. That is, many services allow a user to upload, store, and share files through remote servers. The trend is to centralize files (e.g., photos) and allow a user to access these centrally stored files through multiple devices and/or locations, utilizing a single account. Centralized storage is especially useful for two reasons. First, mobile devices, such as smart phones, tablets, and cameras, may have limited storage space. Second, users may desire to access all of their files (e.g., photos or videos) at any time on any device; however, it is impractical to store copies of all photo or video files on all devices. Cross-platform content synchronization and storage helps to eliminate or reduce these problems by allowing a user to store large files remotely and then access them through multiple devices.
To make uploading to a cloud-based content management system more efficient for the user, some services enable cross-platform content synchronization and sharing (e.g., Dropbox™), which enables users to conveniently upload, store, and view files on any device associated with the account. These services allow a user to setup their device to allow automatic uploads of files to the content management system. When the user has multiple devices that are configured to allow for automatic uploads, the content management system runs the risk of uploading the same file twice. In a particular example, a user may take a photo on their smart phone, which is configured to automatically upload the photo to a cloud-based content management system. Later, the user may save the same photo to their desktop computer when they dock their smart phone with their computer. The computer may be set up to upload image files from the smart phone and may also be configured to act as a client device with the content management system. In this instance, the photo may be automatically uploaded twice—once directly from the smart phone and again from the desktop computer. Detecting duplicate uploads may further be frustrated since the first uploaded image file may have been renamed when it was uploaded to the computer from the smart phone. As illustrated from this example, uploading a duplicate photo is inefficient, wastes bandwidth (especially in the case of mobile devices), creates electronic clutter, and takes up unnecessary space on the content management system's servers. The present disclosure recognizes and addresses the foregoing considerations, and others, of prior art system and methods.

System and method for preventing duplicate file uploads in a synchronized content management system


A display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a display cell that displays an image and has a thin-plate shape; one or more vibration exciters that are disposed on rear-surface side of the display cell and cause the display cell to vibrate; and an opposing plate opposed to the display cell with an air gap in between. The display apparatus further includes a sound-spreading adjustment member that is disposed between the display cell and the two or more vibration exciters, and controls spreading of a sound generated by vibration caused by the two or more vibration exciters.

A decrease in thickness and weight of a display has been progressing rapidly. Along with this, a decrease in thickness and weight of a speaker has also been progressing, and it is proposed to use a flat-panel speaker (FPS) in place of a cone-type speaker. Furthermore, it is also proposed to use a display panel as a diaphragm in the flat-panel speaker. For example, referential PTLs 1 to 3 disclose the flat panel speaker.


In the case of a method for the production of punched parts in web- or sheet-like print substrates, wherein the punched parts are punched in the pass of the print substrates through a punching tool and thereafter provided in the pass through a further tool with a feature which requires a positioning within predetermined limits on them, it is suggested according to the invention that markings are punched out with the punching tool in the print substrates in each case arranged in a tolerance-free manner in terms of their position relatively to the punched parts and that these markings are used in the subsequent processing of the punched parts for guiding the feature mentioned.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for the production of punched parts in web- or sheet-like print substrates, wherein the punched parts are punched in the pass of the print substrates through a punching tool and thereafter provided in the pass through a further tool with a feature which requires a positioning within predetermined limits on them.
The invention also relates to web-like print substrates or stacks of sheet-like print substrates as products of this method.
The invention also relates to web-like print substrates or stacks of sheet-like print substrates as products of this method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Methods of the previously mentioned type are known in various configurations, among which the so-called web finishing methods are also to be counted.
In web finishing, self-adhesive pieces of material (patches) made from paper and/or film are affixed in a pass to a, for the most part pre-printed, continuous web, likewise made from paper and/or film, wherein the punchings for producing cards for example are undertaken following that in the region of the affixations. The punchings are in this case carried out in such a manner that the punched parts remain connected, via scrap bridges or via at least one layer of the affixed pieces of material, to the continuous web and as a result remain integrated in the same. In the context of their further processing, the integrated punched parts are for example printed on for their so-called personalisation, wherein this can be carried out still on the continuous web or only after this has been divided into individual sheets (forms).
Recently, machines have also been available, with which the affixations and punchings mentioned can be carried out on sheets which are passing through.
Positioning tolerances result during the entire processing in the case of these known methods, specifically both in terms of the individual processing steps and with respect to the processing steps in relation to one another. These tolerances are typically approximately +/−1 mm. During affixation, a skew of the affixed pieces of material with respect to the pass direction of the web- or sheet-like print substrate can occur, wherein the angular tolerance is approximately +/−2°.
On account of these tolerances, affixation is often carried out first and then punching, wherein the punched parts are punched somewhat inside the affixed pieces of material. That leaves behind unattractive punching rings. In the case of a printing post-processing of the punched parts, the printing is conversely for the most part carried out in an oversized manner to the card edge, although a sharp-edged or bled-off printing of the punched parts would if appropriate be more optically appealing. Critical patterns such as labelling are avoided in the region of the card edge.
Forms with integrated cards as punched parts are known from WO2008/128362 A1, which are provided with a magnetic strip. In those forms which are produced with a web finishing method, on account of the positioning tolerances which arise in this case, it has not proven possible to write to the magnetic strip with an encoding in the continuous web or the forms produced therefrom and read this encoding off again at the individual cards with a satisfactory success rate after separating the cards from the continuous web or the forms. The success rate was less than 50%. In order that the encoding can subsequently be read again by means of a standard reading device for magnetic strip cards, it must, as prescribed by the standard ISO 7811-2, be positioned with low tolerances at certain distances from the card edges. The beginning of the encoded information on the magnetic strip is determined relatively to the adjacent card edge with the lowest tolerance of only +/−0.5 mm.

Method for the production of punched parts in web- or sheet-like print substrates and their further processing


Provided are a BAB-type tri-block copolymer including a polylactic acid (A) that is a hydrophobic block and polyethylene glycol (B) that is a hydrophilic block, a method of preparing the BAB-type tri-block copolymer including synthesizing a polylactic acid (A)-polyethylene glycol (B) di-block copolymer by a ring opening polymerization of a lactic acid monomer using a hydroxyl group of polyethylene glycol (B) as a polymerization initiator; and synthesizing a BAB-type tri-block copolymer by reacting the AB-type di-block copolymer with polyethylene glycol (B) including at least one carboxyl group at one or more terminals thereof in the presence of a coupling agent and a catalyst, and a drug delivery system using the BAB-type tri-block copolymer.

Amphiphilic block copolymers include a hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block, and in an aqueous solution, the hydrophobic block forms a core and the hydrophilic block forms a shell, thereby forming micelles each having a core-shell structure and a tens to hundreds nanometer-size.
Conventional amphiphilic block copolymers for preparing polymer micelles are categorized into a polymer that does not include a functional group and a polymer that includes a plurality of functional groups. The polymer that does not include a functional group may not sufficiently interact with hydrophobic drugs, and also has limitations on the development and application of a drug delivery system, and the polymer that includes a plurality of functional groups dissolves in water, and thus, may insufficiently encapsulate drugs (Korean Patent Publication No. 2004-0021760).
As a method of synthesizing a B A B-type tri-block copolymer by using AB-type initial polymer, a method of preparing a BA-AB type block copolymer by using a crosslinker is generally known, and examples of the crosslinker are hexamethylene diisocyanate and adipoyl chloride.
A B A B-type block copolymer prepared by using hexamethylene diisocyanate as a crosslinker is synthesized by urethane binding of hydrophobic A block (Jeong et al., nature, 388, 860-862, 1997). When adipoyl chloride is used as a crosslinker, a hydrochloric acid is formed as a by-product, and due to the hydrochloric acid, the hydrophobic A block may easily decompose (Feng Li et al., Langmuir, 23, 2778-2783, 2007).
In particular, a crosslinker for use in the preparation of a BA-AB type copolymer is reported as being toxic in vivo, and during reaction, AB-type initial polymer may decompose. Also, even the formed BA-AB type copolymer may be difficult to have a functional group at both ends of a hydrophilic B group. Accordingly, the copolymer is used as a drug delivery system having only a drug delivery purpose.
In response, the inventors of the present application, unlike the production of a BA-AB-type copolymer using hexamethylene diisocyanate and adipoyl chloride as a crosslinker, combined an AB-type initial polymer and an equivalent or different molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (B) to produce a B A B-type tri-block copolymer without the use of a crosslinker. By doing so, existing problems stemming from the use of a crosslinker are overcome, a block is formed to easily control the molecular weight of a polymer, and a symmetric or asymmetric copolymer having a varying molecular weight can be synthesized. Also, due to the introduction of polyethylene glycol, stability of the amphipilic polymer increases, and since a functional group at the terminal of the polyethylene glycol is changed to introduce functionality, targeting is possible and poor-soluble drugs may be encapsulated by a hydrophobic block of micelles formed by self-assembling such copolymers, leading to use of an intelligent drug delivery system.

BAB-type tri-block copolymer comprising polylactic acid (A) and polyethylene glycol (B), method for producing same, and drug delivery system using same

CHUNG-ANG UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY-ACADEMY COOPERATION FOUNDATION


A user interface for sharing media items with others. From a sender's perspective, embodiments of the invention allow for an easy-to-use drag-and-drop technique that is more user-friendly than conventional techniques. From the recipient's perspective, embodiments of the invention allow media items from multiple sources to be aggregated into a single viewport, providing a cohesive and unified approach to media items received from others.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to computer software and, more specifically, to configuring channels for sharing media.
2. Description of the Related Art
Digital video camera (DVC) technology has developed rapidly over the past decade. DVC technology provides a user with a convenient device that records video and audio and also provides the ability to transfer the recorded video and audio to a computer-readable medium. A DVC user typically records video and audio by activating a recording mode of the DVC and pointing the lens of the DVC towards an area of interest to record the subject matter in that area. Once video and audio data is recorded on the DVC, the data may be transferred to a computer memory via a cord or connector that couples the DVC to a computer or output to a television (TV). Common types of connectors provided with DVCs are universal serial bus (USB) connectors, firewire connectors, High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) connectors, proprietary connectors, or other types of connectors that may be used to transfer data. Some DVCs may include a cord that connects the DVC to the computer; whereas, other DVCs may include a connector that protrudes from the DVC and can be plugged directly into a computer.
A problem often encountered by DVC users involves sharing captured media with others. One conventional technique for sharing media with another is to email the media to another individual as an attachment. This technique has several drawbacks. First, the file size may be too large for the recipient's email server to handle properly. Second, if the recipient accidentally loses or deletes the email, then the recipient will no longer have access to the media. A second technique for sharing media with others involves publishing the video on the Internet on a media publishing website, e.g., YouTube.com. However, one problem with publishing media is that anyone with Internet access can view the media that the user publishes on the website. Accordingly, the sender is not able to target only certain recipients via the media publishing website.
Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for a technique to more effectively share media with others that overcomes one or more of limitations of conventional approaches set forth above.


Systems and methods of calibrating and adjusting for deviations in a vehicle's heading system, such as the attitude heading and reference system of an aircraft or the heading system of a ship, positioned along the Earth's surface involve calibrating magnetometers for hard iron and misalignment errors using single heading measurements. This can be accomplished by obtaining both actual and theoretical readings for the magnetometer of the heading system, and comparing these values to obtain calibration values for the heading system. The vehicle may be repositioned, such as to North, South, East, and west magnetic headings, with the procedure repeated at each of these headings, and the calibration values averaged, further increasing the accuracy.

Typically, vehicles having a heading system, such as an aircraft having an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), must be periodically calibrated to ensure a minimization of measurement errors. The measurement errors may be due to factors such as hard iron disturbances and/or installation misalignment associated with magnetometers or other components of the heading system. Most prior art calibration methods require numerous repositioning of the vehicles for as many as eight or more different positions to come up with an approximate calibration number. The approximate calibration number is then periodically recalculated during flight of the aircraft to minimize estimation errors. None of the prior art methods known to applicant utilize theoretical magnetic field properties of the Earth, such as theoretical values for horizontal and vertical intensity of the magnetic field at the location of the positioned vehicle, such as the aircraft on the tarmac, for comparison with actual magnetometer readings at such a position. These prior art calibration methods are time-consuming and increase the complexity of the calibration procedure and, potentially, affect the accuracy of the calibrations. Examples of such prior art methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,587,277; 8,061,049; 7,891,103; 7,146,740; and 6,860,023, none of which use the theoretical magnetic components of the Earth's magnetic field, such as obtained from a web site, to calibrate the AHRS heading.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for simplified systems and methods that can quickly and accurately calibrate and adjust a vehicle's heading system in a manner that accounts for errors resulting from hard iron disturbances, misalignment of vehicles' components, and other factors that negatively impact the heading system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Systems and methods for calibrating and adjusting a heading reference system


An apparatus for growing a crystal, using the cooler 10 surrounding the single crystal 8 for high speed pulling. The cooler 10 is prepared using a copper-based metal and is water cooled. The supporting arm 12 that supports the cooler 10 is prepared using stainless steel or the like, which is higher in mechanical strength than copper-based metals and is inferior in thermal conductivity, and is detachably connected to the cooler 10. Excessive cooling of the supporting arm 12 and disposition due to precipitation of silicon oxide are prevented, leading to improvement in disposition free pulling rate without the prevention of speed-up. The cost of manufacture of the cooler 10 is saved. The support strength of the cooler is improved.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for growing a crystal, used for manufacture of a silicon single crystal or the like used as a semiconductor material.
A variety of methods are available for manufacturing silicon single crystals, of which the Czochralski method (the CZ method) is typical. In producing a silicon single crystal by the CZ method, as is well known, a seed crystal is immersed in a silicon melt formed in a quartz crucible. The seed crystal is gradually pulled to allow a silicon single crystal to grow beneath the seed crystal while rotating the crucible and seed crystal.
In the pulling of silicon single crystal by such CZ method, it is known that the defect distribution or the like in a crystal section are governed by the rate of crystal growth, that is the pulling rate. More specifically explained, as the pulling rate is increased, a ring OSF generating area is moved towards the periphery and is finally excluded to the outside of the effective portion of the crystal. Conversely, a decrease in the pulling rate drifts a ring OSF generating area towards the central part of the crystal, and eventually the zone disappears in the central part.
While both the outside and inside of an OSF generating area are defect generating areas, their kinds of defects are different. In addition, it is known that a significant increase of the pulling rate, as a matter of course, improves productivity while refining the defects. Consequently, a speed-up in the pulling has been pursued as an approach to growing crystals.
Provision of a heat shield is known as a technique for high speed pulling. A heat shield is a cylindrical heat shielding member in a shape of inverted truncated cone that is disposed surrounding the single crystal. The shield is provided to speed up the withdrawal by shielding the radiation heat primarily from the melt in the crucible and heaters placed outside the crucible to facilitate cooling of the single crystal to be pulled from the melt.
Furthermore, attention is recently given to a technique where a coller that is forcedly cooled by water is placed inside the heat shield (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 63-256593, 8-239291, 11-92272 and 11-292684). Installation of a coller that is forcedly cooled by water inside the heat shield surrounding the single crystal facilitates cooling of the single crystal, particularly the high temperature portion thereof, leading to a further speedup of the pulling.
However, in an apparatus for growing a crystal that uses a cooler, proposed thus far, the cylindrical main body of the cooler thereof is supported and fixed inside the body of the crystal puller using part of the cooler itself, i.e. a flange integrated with the cylindrical main body or water piping projected from the cylindrical main body as a supporting member.
Use of a copper-based metal member forcedly cooled by passage of water is advisable as a cooler from the viewpoint of cooling ability for a single crystal. However, in a structure integrating a cylindrical main body with a supporting member thereof as discussed above, when the cylindrical main body is made of a copper-based metal, part of the supporting member also essentially needs to be composed of a copper-based metal as in the main body.
Studies of the present inventors have found out that because such a cooler frequently uses a relatively expensive copper-based metal, it not only increases the cost of manufacture, but also lowers the dislocation free pulling rate in high speed pulling due to excessive cooling of part of a supporting member. This seems to be because the construction of part of a supporting member using a copper-based metal the same as that of the main body over-cools part of the supporting member, which causes precipitation of a large amount of silicon oxide or the like on the surface thereof, to be dropped, leading to generaten of dislocation in a single crystal during pulling.
In addition, composing part of supporting member of a copper-based metal the same as that of the main body makes it difficult to keep the mechanical strength thereof. This may lead to risks that the distortion of part of a supporting member makes the position of the main body deviate to thereby cause the distortion of a pulled crystal resulting in the prevention of speedup, or brings about a stream explosion due to damage of piping. These risks are increased particularly when copper-based water piping is used as a supporting member.
Further, concerns also rise that the main body is difficult to design in accordance with pulling conditions resulting in a failure to sufficiently increase the pulling rate because the main body cannot be taken out of the supporting member.
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for growing a crystal, the apparatus capable of avoiding a decrease in dislocation free pulling rate without lowering cooling capacity for a crystal being pulled, capable of decreasing the manufacture cost of a cooler, and capable of solving a variety of problems related to deviation in the position of a cooler.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an apparatus for growing a crystal in which a coller is disposed so as to surround a single crystal to be grown from a raw material melt, and the cooler is attachably and detachably placed on the body of the above-mentioned crystal puller by an independent supporting member separated from the cooler, in an apparatus for growing a crystal that produces a single crystal from a raw material melt in a crystal puller by the CZ method.
For the placement of a coller on the body of the puller, the two can be composed of different materials by utilizing an independent supporting member separated from the cooler. More specifically, a coller can be made from a copper-based metal of good thermal conductivity; a supporting member can be composed of a material, such as stainless steel, which is cheaper than copper-based metals, is high in mechanical strength and is inferior in thermal conductivity.
Doing so can prevent excessive cooling of the supporting member without lowering cooling capacity for a crystal being pulled, avoiding a decline in dislocation free pulling rate. In addition, the cost of manufacture of a cooler is decreased and the support strength of the cooler is increased, which solves various problems related to deviation in the position thereof. Moreover, making a cooler detachable from the supporting member facilitates designing of a cooler in accordance with pulling conditions.
A cooler is composed of a metal member forcedly cooled by passage of water. The metal is preferably a copper-based metal that contains copper as the primary component and exhibits good thermal conductivity. The specific size and shape of a cooler is designed, as necessary, depending on pulling conditions.
A supporting member preferably has a plurality of supporting arms that are radially disposed around the pulling axis in the body of a puller because the arms do not prevent gas flow in the puller and are cost effective in material. Constituent materials of a supporting member are preferably those that are cheaper than copper-based metals, high in mechanical strength and low in thermal conductivity. More specifically, stainless steel is the most suitable; however, graphite, carbon fiber composites, and the like are effective as well. It is preferable in terms of speed-up of pulling rate that the supporting member is made from a material of which thermal conductivity is inferior to those of copper-based metals and then is water cooled.
A method of fixing a cooler and a supporting member thereof is not particularly limited; however, coupling with bolts is simple and preferable. More simply, although a cooler can simply be put, or hung on a supporting member thereof, it is important not to put a load on water piping to the cooler.
A cooler is desirably combined with a heat-shielding member and placed therein. Combination with a heat-shielding member not only facilitates cooling of a crystal, but also effectively suppresses a rise in the temperature of the cooler itself, leading to a promotion in speed-up of pulling rate.


Described herein are methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy and decreasing the irritancy of topical formulations of hydroquinone.

The efficacy of a topically applied drug or cosmetic is strongly dependent upon the constituents of the product vehicle. In addition, many active ingredients in drug and cosmetic formulations have limited chemical stability and are inherently irritating. For example, formulations containing the skintone-evening active hydroquinone are inherently irritating and chemically unstable.

Stable, non-irritating topical formulations of hydroquinone


A liquefied natural gas (LNG) bunkering equipment test and evaluation system is provided. The system includes a storage tank module configured to store a liquefied natural gas, a supply module for connecting the storage tank module and the bunkering module, a bunkering module configured to perform bunkering by being supplied with the liquefied natural gas, a simulation module provided at a part under the bunkering module and the supply module and the simulation module is configured to simulate a maritime situation by giving a fluidity to the bunkering module and the supply module, and a controller configured to control a driving of the simulation module, thereby simulating various situations of sea areas by giving fluidity to the storage tank module and the bunkering module.

In terms of preparing for environmental regulations to prevent global warming and climate change, countries around the world are focusing on developing ships, which use eco-friendly and low-carbon fuel, due to strengthening of international ship emission regulations. In addition, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the European Union, the United States, and the like are expected to significantly strengthen regulations on pollutants emitted from ships in line with global climate change and air pollution increases.
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships, the IMO has proposed targets to reduce emissions by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050 with ship emissions in 2005 as a reference.
In this regard, as the most promising alternative, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is being considered as a fuel that is for propulsion of ships instead of diesel fuel that emits large amounts of pollutants.
LNG is a liquefied gaseous natural gas, and since a volume of LNG is decreased to about one 600th compared with that of a gaseous state, LNG is most efficient for long-distance transportation.
Ships such as the above are divided into ships (hereinafter referred to as "LNG propulsion ships") that use LNG as fuel and ships (hereinafter referred to as "LNG bunkering ships") that receive and store LNG and then fuel other ships later. In addition, there are also ships (hereinafter referred to as "LNG carriers") that supply the LNG to gasoline facilities (hereinafter referred to as "LNG Bunkering Terminal"), which store LNG transported from the LNG production base and fuel the LNG propulsion ships or LNG bunkering ships.
LNG is a clean fuel that does not contain sulfur and does not need to have a separate fuel processing system, so there would be no price increase even if regulations were applied to ship emission. In this regard, Korean shipbuilders are predicting that LNG propulsion ships will become a new source of revenue in the next few years, and the Korean government is also actively developing technologies related to LNG propulsion ships, LNG bunkering ships, as well as floating LNG bunkering terminals.
Overseas, research and development on LNG-related technologies are in progress, mainly in Europe and North America, and LNG bunkering facilities have been established and operated in many countries in Europe. In particular, the Netherlands has the most advanced bunkering test and evaluation technology.
On the other hand, in Korea, there is a need for government support for vitalizing LNG bunkering-based projects and introducing port LNG bunkering systems.
Since there is no test and evaluation infrastructure for domestically developed LNG-related equipment (bunkering field), performance evaluation of the LNG-related equipment is impossible, so the commercialization of domestic products is difficult.
More specifically, it is a reality that Korea has no system capable of simulating and testing an actual bunkering situation.
Therefore, for the commercialization of domestically developed products, it is necessary to establish a system and testing infrastructure that is capable of carrying out performance testing and evaluation of LNG bunkering equipment for the actual operational situation by simulating the actual bunkering situation and by simulating at the same time various maritime situations.
The foregoing is intended merely to aid in the understanding of the background of the present disclosure and is not intended to mean that the present disclosure falls within the purview of the related art that is already known to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, the present disclosure has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the related art, and the present disclosure is, for strengthening capabilities to develop and commercialize equipment and technology, to provide a system to carry out an evaluation of the safety and performance of LNG bunkering equipment for an actual operational situation, wherein the system is built to be able to simulate an actual bunkering situation as well as various maritime situations at the same time.

LNG bunkering equipment test and evaluation system

KOREA MARINE EQUIPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE


An exercise machine includes a frame, a first rotary mechanism supported on the frame, a second rotary mechanism rotatably engaging with the first rotary mechanism, and a driving mechanism operatively coupled to the second rotary mechanism and configured to impart rotation of the second rotary mechanism while the driving mechanism is being actuated. The second rotary mechanism is hubless. The second rotary mechanism is configured to absorb and retain an amount of the actuation of the driving mechanism as a moment of inertia while the second rotary mechanism rotates.

A conventional exercise machine often includes a rotary mechanism to facilitate the workout of a user operating the exercise machine. For example, the rotary mechanism is used to enable a continuous motion of the user. A conversion unit that attempts to provide the user with a smooth ride by absorbing and retaining energy or by changing an output of the user's exercising effort is often provided with the rotary mechanism. The conversion unit, however, adds design complications to the exercise machine and increases the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the exercise machine. An example of the conversion unit is a gear or pulley system, such as a step-up system, that couples with the rotary mechanism. The gear or pulley system having a multitude of hardware can be subjected to frequent wear and prone to mechanical failure due to design faults or lack of maintenance.
A solution is needed to minimize or eliminate the problems created by the conversion unit while still being able to provide an exercise machine that is easier to design and cheaper to produce and maintain, while being capable of providing a smooth ride to the user.

Exercise machine having a hubless rotary mechanism


A glass sheet that has been heated nearly to a softening point thereof is preliminarily bent by a conveyor roll device while being fed along a feed path to a bending press. The conveyor roll device has a succession of first straight rolls spaced along the feed path for supporting a central region of the glass sheet, and a succession of second straight rolls spaced along the feed path for supporting a marginal edge portion of the glass sheet. The second straight rolls are vertically tilted through progressively differing angles, respectively, along the feed path with respect to the first straight rolls. The first and second straight rolls alternate with each other along the feed path.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a conveyor roll device that is positioned between a heating furnace and a bending press, for preliminarily bending a sheet of glass that has been heated by and fed from the heating furnace and which will be fed into and pressed to a bent shape by the bending press.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Bent glass sheets such as automobile window glass panels are produced by feeding a glass sheet heated by a heating furnace to a bending press having upper and lower press dies, between which the heated glass sheet is pressed to a desired bent shape. If, however, a flat glass sheet were pressed directly to a final bent shape, the bent glass sheet would tend to crack or would not be bent accurately to desired shape.
One solution to the above problem is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,399. According to the disclosed solution, the peripheral edge of a heated glass sheet fed from a heating furnace is supported on a separable ring mold, and after the peripheral edge of the glass sheet is preliminarily shaped by the ring mold, the glass sheet is pressed to a desired bent shape between upper and lower dies. If the glass sheet is to be bent to a relatively large curvature, only the peripheral edge of the heated glass sheet is supported by the ring mold for a relatively long period of time until the glass sheet is pressed by the upper and lower dies. Therefore, the heated glass sheet is liable to be undesirably deformed due to gravity before it is pressed to shape.
Japanese patent publication No. 55-49018 shows a succession of conveyor rolls for feeding a glass sheet from a heating furnace into a bending press. Each of the conveyor rolls comprises a curved core and a flexible sleeve rotatably fitted over the curved core. When the heated glass sheet is fed by the conveyor rolls, the glass sheet is preliminarily bent to a curved shape by the conveyor rolls. The conveyor rolls thus serve as bending rolls for preliminarily bending the glass sheet. The flexible sleeves are loosely fitted over the corresponding cores in order for the flexible sleeves to be able to rotate on the respective cores for feeding the glass sheet. Consequently, when the conveyor rolls feed the glass sheet, the flexible sleeves vibrate on rotation around the cores, straining the glass sheet to the point where some undesirable optical distortions may develop in the finally bent glass sheet. Another problem is that a different set of curved conveyor rolls must be used when glass sheets of a different curvature are to be produced.

Conveyor roll device for preliminarily bending sheet glass


A cordelle action relief apparatus or device for use in sucker rod pumps in a petroleum or water well. The device is incorporated in a chain driven pump to prevent the chain from forming a bow or archlike configuration as the chain rolls off of the sprocket and down into the well. When the chain is allowed to form this bow or arch it could damage the well and well casing. The device includes a first rod on the side of the chain and a second rod on the second side of the chain that will allow the rollers of the chain to roll on the rod and further prevent the chain from bowing or arching and will further allow the rollers on the chain to roll on the rods which will further prevent damage to the well casing, the well, and the chain.

The present invention relates to pumps that pump fluid out of the ground. More specifically the present invention relates to sucker rod pumps that pump petroleum or other minerals out of the earth. Even more specifically the present invention relates to sucker rod pumps wherein the sucker rod is fixed to a mechanical chain that operates in a pipe or tube. The present invention has been found to be particularly useful in offshore petroleum wells and subsea petroleum wells.

Device and method to relieve cordelle action in a chain driven pump


Disclosed herein is a solar cell system including: a plurality of power generation panels that differ in the range of wavelengths of light they absorb from each other and convert light into power; a voltage detection section adapted to detect the voltage of power generated by each of the plurality of power generation panels; a reproduction section adapted to compare the voltages of the plurality of power generation panels detected by the voltage detection section so as to reproduce an audio or music signal appropriate to the comparison result; and an output section adapted to output audio or music reproduced by the reproduction section.

The present disclosure relates to a solar cell system, and more particularly, to a solar cell system capable of outputting audio or music appropriate to environmental light with a simple configuration.
Solar cells or photoelectric conversion elements adapted to convert sunlight into electric energy use sunlight as a source of energy, making their impact on the global environment extremely small and raising expectations for more widespread use. Crystalline silicon-based solar cells using monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon-based solar cells have been primarily used to date.
Recent years have seen progress in the commercialization of dye sensitized solar cells using organic dyes. Dye sensitized solar cells can be manufactured at lower cost and with lower energy than silicon-based solar cells. In addition, dye sensitized solar cells use a plastic sheet, making them flexible. Moreover, selection of a dye allows for these solar cells to have a variety of colors. Dye sensitized solar cells differ in the range of wavelengths of light they absorb depending on the organic dye used.
For example, the present applicant has proposed an apparatus operable to perform a process according to the color of environmental light or the type of illumination by taking advantage of the above characteristics of a dye sensitized solar cell and without using any dedicated sensor (refer, for example, to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-20253).

Solar cell system for outputting an audio signal


Aminocyclobutane compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, isotopes, N-oxides, solvates, and stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them including methods for treating disease states, disorders, and conditions associated with MGL modulation, such as those associated with pain, psychiatric disorders, neurological disorders (including, but not limited to major depressive disorder, treatment resistant depression, anxious depression, autism spectrum disorders, Asperger syndrome, bipolar disorder), cancers and eye conditions:

Cannabis Sativa and analogs of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol have been used since the days of folk medicine for therapeutic purposes. The endocannabinoid system consists of two G-protein coupled receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) (Matsuda et al., Nature, 1990, 346, 561-4) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) (Munro et al., Nature, 1993, 365, 61-5). CB1 receptor is one of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the brain (Herkenam et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1990, 87 (5), 1932-1936). CB1 is also expressed peripherally in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles (Di Marzo et al., Curr Opin Lipidol, 2007, 18, 129-140). CB2 is predominantly expressed in immune cells such as monocytes (Pacher et al., Amer J Physiol, 2008, 294, H1133-H1134) and under certain conditions (inflammation) in the brain ((Benito et al., Brit J Pharmacol, 2008, 153, 277-285) and in skeletal (Cavuoto et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007, 364, 105-110) and cardiac muscles (Hajrasouliha et al., Eur J Pharmacol, 2008, 579, 246-252).
In 1992, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA or anandamide) was found to be an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors (Devane et al., Science, 1992, 258, 1946-9). Subsequently, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was also identified as an additional endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors (Mechoulam et al., Biochem Pharmacol, 1995, 50, 83-90; Sugiura et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1995, 215, 89-97). Concentrations of 2-AG were reported to be at least 100 times higher than these of anandamide in the rat brain (Buczynski and Parsons, Brit J Pharmacol, 2010, 160 (3), 423-42). Therefore 2-AG may play more essential physiological roles than anandamide in the brain endocannabinoid system (Sugiura et al. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids., 2002, February-March, 66(2-3): 173-92). The endocannabinoid 2-AG is a full agonist for CB1 and CB2 receptors, while anandamide is a partial agonist for both receptors (Suguira et al., Prog Lipid Res, 2006, 45(5):405-46). Unlike many classical neurotransmitters, endocannabinoids signal through a retrograde mechanism. They are synthesized on demand in postsynaptic neurons and then rapidly degraded following binding to presynaptic cannabinoid receptors (Ahn et al., Chem Rev. 2008, 108(5):1687-707). Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL, also known as MAG lipase and MGL) is the serine hydrolase responsible for the degradation of 2-AG into arachidonic acid and glycerol in the central nervous system (Mechoulam et al., Biochem Pharmacol, 1995, 50, 83-90; Sugiura et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1995, 215, 89-97; Long et al., Nat Chem Biol. 2009 January; 5(1):37-44;), Schlosburg et al, Nat Neurosci., 2010, September; 13(9):1113-9) and peripheral tissues (Long et al., Chem Biol., 2009 Jul. 31; 16(7):744-53). Anandamide is hydrolyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (Piomelli, Nat Rev Neurosci, 2003, 4, 873-884). MGL exists in both soluble and membrane bound forms (Dinh et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 2002 Aug. 6; 99(16):10819-24). In the brain MGL is located in presynaptic neurons (Straiker et al., Mol Pharmacol., 2009, December; 76(6):1220-7) and astrocytes (Walter et al., J Neurosci., 2004, Sep. 15; 24(37):8068-74) within regions associated with high CB1 receptor density. Compared to wild-type controls, genetic ablation of MGL expression produces 10-fold increase in brain 2-AG levels without affecting anandamide concentration (Schlosburg et al., Nat Neurosci., 2010, September; 13(9):1113-9).
Thus, MGL modulation offers an interesting strategy for potentiating the cannabinoid system. The primary advantage of this approach is that only brain regions where endocannabinoids are actively produced will be modulated, potentially minimizing the side effects associated with exogenous CB1 agonists. Pharmacological inactivation of MGL by covalent inhibitors in animals increase 2-AG content in brain and peripheral tissues and has been found to produce antinociceptive, anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects that are dependent on CB1 and/or CB2 receptors (Long et al., Nat Chem Biol., 2009, January, 5(1):37-44; Ghosh et al., Life Sci., 2013, March 19, 92(8-9):498-505; Bedse et al., Biol Psychiatry., 2017, October 1, 82(7):488-499; Bernal-Chico et al., Glia., 2015, January, 63(1):163-76; Patel et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 2017, May, 76(Pt A):56-66; Betse et al., Transl Psychiatry., 2018, Apr. 26, 8(1):92). In addition to the role of MGL in terminating 2-AG signaling, MGL modulation, including MGL inhibition also promotes CB1/2-independent effects on neuroinflammation (Nomura et al., Science., 2011, Nov. 11; 334(6057):809-13). MGL modulation, including MGL inhibition leads to reduction in proinflammatory prostanoid signaling in animal models of traumatic brain injury (Katz et al., J Neurotrauma., 2015, Mar. 1; 32(5):297-306; Zhang et al., J Cereb Blood Flow Metab., 2015, Mar. 31; 35(4): 443-453), neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease (Piro et al., Cell Rep., 2012, Jun. 28, 1(6):617-23; Wenzel et al., Life Sci., 2018, Aug. 15, 207:314-322; Chen et al., Cell Rep., 2012, Nov. 29, 2(5):1329-39), Parkinson's disease (Nomura et al., Science, 2011, Nov. 11, 334(6057), 809-13; Pasquarelli et al., Neurochem Int., 2017, November, 110:14-24), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Pasquarelli et al., Neuropharmacology, 2017, Sep. 15, 124:157-169), multiple sclerosis (Hernadez-Torres et al., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl., 2014, Dec. 8, 53(50):13765-70; Bernal-Chico et al., Glia., 2015, January, 63(1):163-76), Huntington's disease (Covey et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 43, 2056-2063), Tourette syndrome and status epilepticus (Terrone et al., Epilepsia., 2018, January, 59(1), 79-91; von Ruden et al., Neurobiol Dis., 2015, May; 77:238-45).
Therefore, by potentiating the cannabinoid system and attenuating proinflammatory cascades, MGL modulation, including MGL inhibition offers a compelling therapeutic approach for the treatment of a vast array of complex diseases. Importantly, MGL modulation, including MGL inhibition in animals does not produces the full spectrum of neurobehavioral effects observed with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other CB1 agonists (Tuo et al., J Med Chem., 2017, Jan. 12, 60(1), 4-46; Mulvihill et al., Life Sci., 2013, Mar. 19, 92(8-9), 492-7).
Endocannabinoid hypoactivity is a risk factor for the treatment of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. Millennia of human use of Cannabis sativa, and a brief period in which humans were treated with the endocannabinoid antagonist, rimonabant, provide support for that hypothesis. 2-AG levels are decreased in individuals with major depression (Hill et al., Pharmacopsychiatry., 2008, March; 41(2): 48-53; Hill et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology., 2009, September; 34(8): 1257-1262.). Low circulating 2-AG levels predict rates of depression (Hauer et al., Rev Neurosci., 2012, 23(5-6):681-90). Reduced circulating 2-AG has been found in patient with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Hill et al., Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013, 38 (12), 2952-2961). Healthy volunteers exposed to chronic stressors exhibited progressively diminished circulating 2-AG levels which correlated with the onset of reductions in measures of positive emotions (Yi et al., Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2016, 67 (3), 92-97). The CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist Rimonabant has been withdrawn from the market due to the high incidence of severe depression and suicidal ideation (Christensen et al., The Lancet, 2007, 370, 1706-1713). Therefore, MGL modulators are potentially useful for the treatment of mood disorders, anxiety, PTSD, autism spectrum disorders, and Asperger syndrome (Folkes et al., J Clin Invest. 2020; 130(4):1728-1742, Jung et al., Nature Communications, 2012, 3, 1080; Wang et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2018 August, 23(8): 1798-1806).
Cannabinoid receptor agonists are clinically used to treat pain, spasticity, emesis, and anorexia (Di Marzo, et al., Annu Rev Med., 2006, 57:553-74; Ligresti et al., Curr Opin Chem Biol., 2009, June; 13(3):321-31). Therefore, MGL modulators, including MGL inhibitors are also potentially useful for these indications. MGL exerts CB1-dependant antinociceptive effects in animal models of noxious chemical, inflammatory, thermal and neuropathic pain (Guindon et al., Br J Pharmacol., 2011, August; 163(7):1464-78; Kinsey et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 2009, September; 330(3):902-10; Long et al., Nat Chem Biol., 2009, January; 5(1):37-44). MGL blockade reduces mechanical and acetone induced cold allodynia in mice subjected to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (Kinsey et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 2009, September; 330(3):902-10). MGL inhibition produces opiate-sparing events with diminished tolerance, constipation, and cannabimimetic side effects (Wilkerson et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 2016, April; 357(1):145-56). MGL blockade is protective in model of inflammatory bowel disease (Alhouayek et al., FASEB J., 2011, August; 25(8):2711-21). MGL inhibition also reverse Paclitaxel-induced nociceptive behavior and proinflammatory markers in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (Curry et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 2018, July; 366(1):169-18). MGL inhibitors are also potentially useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder like interstitial cystitis (Chinnadurai et al., 2019, October; 131: 109321).
Inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis exerts anti-proliferative activity and reduction in prostate cancer cell invasiveness (Nithipatikom et al., Cancer Res., 2004, Dec. 15, 64(24):8826-30; Nithipatikom et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 2005, Jul. 15,332(4):1028-33; Nithipatikom et al., Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2011, February, 94(1-2):34-43). MGL is upregulated in aggressive human cancer cells and primary tumors where it has a unique role of providing lipolytic sources of free fatty acids for synthesis of oncogenic signaling lipids that promote cancer aggressiveness. Thus, beyond the physiological roles of MGL in mediated endocannabinoid signaling, MGL in cancer plays a distinct role in modulating the fatty acid precursor pools for synthesis of protumorigenic signaling lipids in malignant human cancer cells.
MGL blockade shows anti-emetic and anti-nausea effects in a lithium chloride model of vomiting in shrews (Sticht et al., Br J Pharmacol., 2012, April, 165(8):2425-35). MGL modulators, including MGL inhibitors may have utility in modulating drug dependence of opiates. MGL blockade reduce the intensity of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms in mice. MGL blockade also attenuated spontaneous withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice (Ramesh et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 2011, October, 339(1):173-85).
MGL modulators are also potentially useful for the treatment of eye conditions, including but not limited to, glaucoma and disease states arising from elevated intraocular pressure (Miller et al., Pharmaceuticals, 2018, 11, 50).

Aminocyclobutanes as monoacylglycerol lipase modulators

Abstract: wherein X, R1, R2a, R2b, R3 and R4 are defined herein.


Disclosed is a wire harness checker and a wire harness checking method, which are capable of determining whether a terminal of a terminal-fitted wire is adequately inserted in a connector housing, without contact with the wire and the terminal, objectively and reliably. Each of three pairs of sensor plates (20a, 20b; 30a, 30b; 40a, 40b) are disposed adjacent to an outer wall surface of a connector housing 10 in opposed relation to one another. An AC inspection signal is supplied to a terminal to be inserted into the connector housing 10, and detected from the terminal by each of the pairs of sensor plates (20a, 20b), (30a, 30b), (40a, 40b), to detect an insertion position of the terminal in the connector, in accordance with a relative value of each detection signal from the sensor plates, so as to determine adequacy of the insertion position.

Late years, an electric control-based operation system has been increasingly used in various products. In such a system, a wire harness has a key role in connecting a controller to various electric components, and defects in a wire harness have a direct impact on total quality of a product.
Thus, in a wire harness production process, it is required to inspect a production quality of a wire harness. Specifically, a wire harness has heretofore been inspected in such a manner that a connector housing attached with a plurality of terminals of a wire harness (or an assembly of terminal-fitted wires) is mounted on an inspection jig, and then an inspection probe is brought into mechanical contact with each of the terminals to perform continuity check.
For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 08-146070 discloses an inspection apparatus, wherein, in an inspection mode, an output-side inspection connector for receiving an inspection signal is mechanically connected to an output-side connector (or connector housing) fitted with one end of a terminal-fitted wire assembly having the other end inserted in an input-side connector pre-connected to an input-side inspection connector for supplying the inspection signal, and then the inspection signal is applied from the input-side inspection connector to each terminal of the terminal-fitted wire assembly inserted in the input-side connector so as to inspect a production quality of the wire harness (unit of the input-side and output-side connectors and the terminal-fitted wire assembly).
However, the continuity check based on mechanical contact using the inspection probe involves a problem about occurrence of plastic deformation in the terminal due to defects in the inspection probe.
In recent trend, the size of a terminal has become smaller and smaller along with downsizing of connectors, it becomes difficult to ensure an end-surface area of a terminal, which is required for adequate contact with an inspection probe. Thus, some inspections have to be performed by bringing an inspection probe into contact with a tongue portion of a terminal to ensure a sufficient contact surface. In this case, even slight change in contact force of the inspection probe is likely to cause plastic deformation in the terminal tongue.
Moreover, if a positive result is obtained in the continuity check, the wire harness will be determined to be normal regardless of occurrence of the plastic deformation, and this defect will undesirably come up to the surface after the wire harness is incorporated in a product. Thus, there is a strong need for providing a wire harness checker capable of inspecting a wire harness without contact between a terminal and an inspection probe.
Further, an inspection operation about faulty-wiring has heretofore been performed after completion of an operation for inserting a plurality of terminals of a terminal-fitted wire assembly into a connector. Thus, if a faulty-wiring is detected, it is necessary to perform a significantly time-consuming operation for detaching and re-inserting the terminal of the relevant terminal-fitted wire.

Wire harness checker and wire harness checking method


A cylinder mounting arrangement for a folding implement includes reversible L-shaped plates supporting an auxiliary tube above a transverse tool supporting beam. The attaching location on the beam can be changed to avoid interference with the desired tool spacing by reversing the plates. The same plates and auxiliary tubes can be used on a number of different implements and with different main frame widths to reduce manufacturing costs and the number of parts that have to be stocked. The reversible plates can be selectively mounted on the main frame with the plates inside or outside of the fore-and-aft tubes connected to the transversely extending tube, depending on the tool placement on the main frame. Therefore, a wide variety of tool spacings can be accommodated in the region under the tube and between the fore-and-aft tubes.

1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to agricultural implement frames and, more specifically, to a versatile mounting arrangement for the wing fold structure on a multi-section implement.
2) Related Art
Frames for large folding implements such as chisel plows, field cultivators and air seeders include an inner or central main frame with outer wings hinged to the main frame to facilitate folding of the wings for a narrower implement transport width. Typically, fold plates are bolted to a transverse tool supporting beam on the main frame which support one end of the folding cylinder. However, various combinations of row or tool spacings and implement widths necessitate that a large number of support bracket spacings must be accommodated on the beam. Often the plates interfere with a desired spacing. The plates can be made with special cut-outs to make room for the support brackets of the row units or tools, but there are still combinations of row spacings and patterns that will result in the plate interfering with one of the brackets. The special plates can greatly increase the number of parts required and thereby increase the cost of the implement. Wing stop arrangements which provide support for the wings in the transport position often require varying sets of components for different types of implements or for implements of the same type having different main frame widths and often do not provide easy wing transport angle adjustment.

Cylinder mount for an agricultural frame


A dosage cap records and displays dosage information about a medicine, including, the projected time that the next dosage of medicine is needed, the time interval between numerous administrations of the medicine, the time and/or date that the last dose was administered, the current daily intake amount, the date the dose was administered, or scheduled administration of the medicine. The time and date of the last dosage of medicine administered can be reset and updated when a subsequent dose of medicine is administered. The cap secures over a medicine container lid to provide easy visibility of the dosage information to a user. A shaft extends downwardly from the cap to secure the cap to the medicine container lid by penetrating the lid with a sharp point. A fastener attaches to the end of the shaft for securing the cap to the medicine bottle lid.

The following background information may present examples of specific aspects of the prior art (e.g., without limitation, approaches, facts, or common wisdom) that, while expected to be helpful to further educate the reader as to additional aspects of the prior art, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, or any embodiments thereof, to anything stated or implied therein or inferred thereupon.
The following is an example of a specific aspect in the prior art that, while expected to be helpful to further educate the reader as to additional aspects of the prior art, is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, or any embodiments thereof, to anything stated or implied therein or inferred thereupon. By way of educational background, another aspect of the prior art generally useful to be aware of is that medicine may include a special food or a chemical that makes someone better when they are ill. A lot of medicines are liquid and can be bought in a small bottle. Other medicines may come in pills or capsules. The doctor may tell the patient or caregiver how much medicine to take each day. Most medicines cannot be bought unless a medical professional has prescribed the medicine for the patient. Often, the doctor or pharmacist provide specific instructions for administering the medicine, including dosages, quantities, and warnings.
Typically, medicine containers are containers that contain medicine prescribed by doctors. Medicine containers come in different shapes, sizes, and colors. The most common is an orange pill bottle, or opaque liquid bottle.
Typically, dosage forms are a mixture of active drug components and nondrug components. Depending on the method of administration they come in several types. These are liquid dosage form, solid dosage form and semisolid dosage forms. Various dosage forms may exist for a single particular drug, since different medical conditions can warrant different routes of administration. Additionally, a specific dosage form may be a requirement for certain kinds of drugs, as there may be issues with various factors like chemical stability or pharmacokinetics. The oral and intravenous doses of a medicine may also vary depending on the patient, the strength of the medication, and the severity of the illness.
In view of the foregoing, it is clear that these traditional techniques are not perfect and leave room for more optimal approaches.
Unless otherwise indicated illustrations in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.


A locating device of retracting and storing an electric extension cord is provided with a retaining device capable of locking and retaining the extension cord as desired after the extension cord has been pulled out, without the risk that the extension cord so locked and retained is retracted accidentally by a retrievable spring disposed in a retracting and storing mount. In the process of retracting the extension cord that is pulled out, the retaining device is caused to release the extension cord, which is then retracted rapidly by the retrievable spring and stored in the retracting and storing amount.

The present invention generally relates to an electrical accessory, and more particularly to an extension cord reel.
There are many prior art extension cord reels for use in either an indoor condition or an outdoor condition are operated manually, as exemplified shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,656,320; 4,725,697; 5,056,698; and 5,071,367 et al. Such manually operated extension cord reels as mentioned above are inefficient and time-consuming. In addition, the extension cord reels disclosed in the above-identified U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,056,698 and 5,071,367 are designed in such a manner that the retracted cord is exposed without being protected by a shield, thereby causing the extension cord to become vulnerable to the damage caused by the destructive pests such as the rat and the like. Moreover, the retracted extension cord are tied up by means of ropes or rubber rings for ease of storing the retracted extension cord. However, such tied up extension cord are bound to intertwine so as to inconvenience the reuse of the extension cord and even to cause the breakage of the copper wires of the extension cord.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,108 also shows an electric cord reel which is limited in design in that its retracting mechanism is not operable without electricity.


At least one reinforcement tube for stabilizing a housing within an automobile transmission casing. The reinforcement tube includes a first portion having a first diameter and having a first interior recess, a second portion having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter, and a second interior recess, the first and second portions separated by a shoulder, a first seal disposed within the first interior recess of the first portion and situated proximate the shoulder separating the first and second portions, and a second seal separate from the first seal and situated proximate a distal end of the second portion.

In automobile transmissions, the housing contains the different components applied to execute shifts into the different gears that are associated with it. For example, the housing in this application contains on one side, the components that are applied during shifts into 2nd and 6th gears and on the other side those to engage low gear and reverse, and other components within the transmission. These components are referred to as the 2-6 clutch and the low/reverse clutch. Within each of these clutches are subcomponents involved in the shifting process.
The housing is mounted into the transmission case held in place via six radially located alignment lugs and held in that position by a thick steel gage snap ring. In certain transmissions, there is also a bolt or bolts that connect the housing to the transmission case. However, in other transmissions, such as, for example, the General Motors® 6 L transmission series, the housing is not bolted to the transmission case. When there is no bolt, typically, a sealing sleeve is used in a channel and compressed between a valve body and the housing to seal both ends. The valve body is the control center of automatic transmissions. It contains many components that direct hydraulic fluid to the numerous valves which then activate the appropriate clutch pack to shift to the appropriate gear for each driving situation. It is essential that there be a hydraulic circuit between the valve body and the housing.
However, in many instances, due to the movement of the housing in high torque applications, the alignment lugs on the housing and case wear. When the alignment lugs wear, the housing tends to move as torque is transferred through the drivetrain. This movement causes damage to the oil transfer tube seals. Once these seals become damaged, the transmission fluid will leak and not adequately flow into the housing and its components. This results in a loss of fluid pressure and the engagement of gears will not occur correctly, thus damaging components. Currently, there is no adequate solution that prevents movement of the housing in transmissions where the housing is not bolted to the transmission casing. Thus, there is a need for a mechanism that prevents such movement of the housing. The present disclosure addresses this need.

Reinforcement sealing tubes for stabilizing a housing in an automobile transmission


In a duplex configuration of stream data processing, all window operations can be used without stopping the process when adding a standby system. The time when the standby system server is added is stored as the reproduction time, and data copied from the data generated at or after the reproduction time is transmitted to the standby system. While the data processing in the in-use system is continued, changes in the execution state which occur in operators holding execution state at or after the reproduction time are recorded. The execution states are copied to the standby system for each operator in parallel with the data processing. At this time, the execution states of the operators at the reproduction time are reproduced from the execution states of the operators when the copy is performed and the record of the changes of the execution states, and the reproduced execution states are copied. When the execution states of all the operators have been copied, the standby system starts processing of the copied data which are generated at or after the reproduction time.

Stream data processing which realizes real time processing of high-rate data attracts attention in an environment marked by an advance in technology for analyzing, in real-time, information continuously generated at high rate, such as automatic stock exchange, high-level traffic information processing, and analysis of click stream, and acting quickly. The stream data processing is a general-purpose middleware technique that can be applied to various data processing, so that the stream data processing makes it possible to use data in the real world for business in real-time while responding to a rapid change in a business environment in which there is no time to establish a system for each project. The principle and implementation method of the stream data processing is disclosed in Non-Patent Literature 1.
As described above, the stream data processing is real-time processing of high-rate data, so that output data of the processing result is continuously generated at high rate. Therefore, it is required that the period of time taken from when a failure occurs to when the result can be outputted again is shorter than one second. An effective method for realizing such a recovery time is a use of a duplex configuration in which two servers that perform the same processing are prepared and when a failure occurs in a server that outputs results to an application, the other server takes over the role of outputting the results.
When a failure occurs in a duplex configuration, a single system operation occurs in which only a single server operates, so that if a further failure occurs, the system halts. To avoid the system halt, it is necessary to add a standby system server to an in-use system server operating alone and restore the duplex configuration. At this time, the execution state of the added standby server is an initial state, so that the execution state of the in-use system server needs to be reproduced in the standby system server.
As a first method for reproducing the execution state in the standby system server, Non-Patent Literature 2 discloses an Upstream Backup method in which input streams are backed up during a normal operation and when the standby system is added, the standby system server executes the backup data to catch up with the execution state of the in-use system server. The longer the processing time is, the larger the storage capacity of a disk or a memory necessary for the backup is. However, it can be assumed that the capacity is within a certain range because of the reason described below.
In the stream data processing, it is possible to use a window operation that extracts a most recent portion from a data series. The definition of the window operation is disclosed in Non-Patent Literature 3. For example, when applying an aggregation operation that calculates an average of the data extracted by the window operation with a time width of one minute, an operation of calculating a moving average of one minute occurs. In this example, if continuously flowing data for one minute, data in the window is renewed, so that if the standby system server which starts from the initial state processes data of most recent one minute, the standby system server has the same execution state as that of the in-use system server.
As a second method for reproducing the execution state in the standby system server, there is a method in which, when the standby system is added, the in-use system is temporarily stopped to cause the execution state to be static, and the execution state is transmitted to the standby system server as a snapshot. The method for setting the execution state to be static and transmitting a snapshot is widely used for a database and a transaction system. Patent Literature 1 discloses a standby system addition method which uses the static execution state in an in-memory database.

Stream data processing failure recovery method and device


Disclosed herein is a method and system for measuring a tilt angle while a vehicle is turning according to a lateral acceleration and a yaw rate occurring while a vehicle is turning, the method including calculating, by a controller, a traveling acceleration based on a vehicle speed detected by a vehicle speed sensor; detecting a longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle by a longitudinal acceleration sensor; calculating a first tilt angle of the road based on the traveling acceleration and the longitudinal acceleration; detecting a yaw rate of the vehicle by a yaw rate sensor; determining when a value of the detected yaw rate is equal to or greater than a predetermined value; and calculating a second tilt angle to apply a compensation value to the first tilt angle in response to detecting the yaw rate equal to or greater than a predetermined value.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for measuring a tilt angle that measure a tilt angle according to a lateral acceleration and a yaw rate while the vehicle is turning.
(b) Description of the Related Art
In general, a vehicle travels on an inclined traveling road at a tilted angle and the tilt angle may be used for various purposes. For example, to improve fuel consumption and determine a change in a speed pattern of the vehicle, a tilt angle of a road may be used. Further, a tilt angle may be used to prevent the vehicle from slipping backward upon starting. Furthermore, the tilt angle may be used for determination of a traveling path of a navigation device, a position control of the vehicle, fuel consumption improvement of the vehicle, and detection of real time energy consumption of the vehicle.
The tilt angle may be measured by various methods such as use of an atmospheric pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, an electronic compass, or a gyro sensor, but an acceleration sensor is widely used.
Most acceleration sensors are a longitudinal acceleration sensor that measures longitudinal acceleration. The longitudinal acceleration sensor generally uses a piezoelectric sensor. The longitudinal acceleration sensor using a piezoelectric sensor has a long bar form, and when the piezoelectric sensor of the long bar form is bent by an acceleration force, the piezoelectric sensor outputs a voltage corresponding thereto. The voltage represents corresponding acceleration. Hereinafter, unless stated otherwise, an acceleration sensor indicates longitudinal acceleration.
An example of calculating a tilt angle using the acceleration sensor will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
An output signal value (long_accel_val) of the acceleration sensor and a tilt angle (θ) corresponding to the output signal value may be calculated by the following Equation 1.
      Ma    =          F      -              (                              F            aerodynamic                    +                      F            Rolling                    +                      F            Climbing                          )                  Ma    =          F      -              (                              F            aerodynamic                    +                      F            Rolling                    +                      Mg                                                                          sin                                                                          θ                          )                        F      -              (                              F            aerodynamic                    +                      F            Rolling                          )              =          M      ·              (                  a          +                      g                                                                          sin                                                                          θ                          )                        long_accel            _val        =          a      +              g                                                  sin                                                  θ                        g                                      sin                                      θ        =                  long_accel                _val            -      a                          sin                                                  θ            ≅      θ        =                                        1            g                                          (                                          long_accel                                _val                            -              a                        )                                                            ∴        θ            =                        1          g                                  (                                    long_accel                            _val                        -            a                    )
Wherein, M is a vehicle mass, a is a traveling acceleration of a vehicle, g is a gravity acceleration, F is an output of the vehicle, Faerodynamic is air resistance of the vehicle, Frolling is rolling resistance of the vehicle, and Fclimbing is tilt resistance of the vehicle.
For example, a traveling acceleration (a) of the vehicle may be obtained by differentiating an output value of a vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle speed. To obtain traveling acceleration of the vehicle by differentiating an output value of the vehicle speed sensor is well known to a person of a common skill in the art and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
When an output value (long_accel_val) and the traveling acceleration (a) of the acceleration sensor are known, a tilt angle (θ) is calculated by Equation 1 above. In Equation 1, when there is no difference between the output value (long_accel_val) of the acceleration sensor and the traveling acceleration (a), it may be determined that the tilt angle is 0 and the road is substantially level.
However, when measuring a tilt angle using the acceleration sensor as described above while the vehicle is turning, a lateral acceleration and/or a yaw rate corresponding to turn of the vehicle may occur and thus there may be a difference between an output value of an actual acceleration sensor and an actual acceleration value and thus an accurate tilt angle may not measured. When there is a difference between the actual acceleration and an output of an acceleration sensor by an influence of lateral acceleration and a yaw rate occurring during turn of the vehicle, the measured tilt angle may decrease.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary graph illustrating a situation in which a vehicle performs a U-turn while the vehicle brakes on a level road. Referring to FIG. 2, when the vehicle performs a U-turn, as the lateral acceleration and the yaw rate occur corresponding to turn, a measured tilt angle may reduce by about 7-10%. When the tile angle reduces, a control device of a vehicle using a tilt angle may erroneously recognize the road as a level road and thus erroneously control the vehicle.
The above information disclosed in this section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Method and system for measuring tilt angle during turn of vehicle


This method of gas exchange for four-stroke piston internal combustion engine comprising gas exchange through an intake and an exhaust valves and includes gas exchange through a piston-controlled port in a cylinder sleeve: exhausting combustion products through the port at the end of the power stroke and at the beginning of the exhaust stroke, removal of exhaust gases from the port (from the space outside the port, outside the cylinder) and air supply to the port (supply into afore-mentioned space). As a result, the combustion products do not return to the cylinder through the port at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the compression stroke. This effect is combined with air intaking into the cylinder through the port at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the compression stroke.

Known method of gas exchange that uses the port in the sleeve (the port with a sleeve valve) for exhausting combustion products through the port at the end of power stroke and at the beginning of exhaust stroke [Ricardo, Sir Harry R.; Hempson, J. G. G. (1968). The High-Speed Internal-Combustion Engine (Fifth ed.). London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son. pp. 290-322.].
In the engines using this method, at the end of the intake stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke there are combustion products outside the port in the sleeve (in the space outside the port, outside the cylinder). When the port in the sleeve is used for gas exchange, it is possible (at least for naturally aspirated engine) a "backflow", i.e. a portion of the combustion products may return through the port into the cylinder at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the compression stroke. To prevent backflow, the sleeve valve which closes the port at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the compression stroke is mounted. This sleeve valve complicates the design of the engine, so the method of gas exchange through the port in the sleeve with said sleeve valve is not competitive compared to the conventional gas exchange method.

Method of gas exchange for four-stroke engine


A group of cabinets or other units each have a solenoid operated lock controlled by an electronic lock accessible by one or more electronic keys. The locks are linked together in a chain by power and data lines so that power is supplied through a single 12 volt transformer, and key codes are transmitted from a lock that reads a key to other locks, to open any cabinet programmed with an access code matching the transmitted key code. To limit power requirements, when one solenoid is being energized a busy signal is transmitted to prevent concurrent operation of other solenoids. A user installed master code stored in the lock and a corresponding master key are used to permit programming or erasing of other access key codes. A factory installed permanent reset code is stored in the lock and a secret algorithm known only to the manufacturer can derive the reset code from the cabinet serial number. When a master key is lost the user requests a reset key from the manufacturer who must use the secret algorithm to reveal the reset code and make a key containing the reset code. When that key is used, the master and access codes are erased, the lock is opened and the code in the reset key is scrambled to prevent its use for another reset operation.

Electronic locks are well known and are useful for securing doors, cabinets, desks or other types of units. Such locks have keys with magnetically or electronically stored key codes which are readable by the locks and permit opening of a lock when the key code corresponds to an access code stored in the lock. Each lock may be furnished with several access codes so that several unique keys will open the lock and each key may open more than one lock. To allow authorized users to determine which keys will match a given lock, a programming procedure is provided.
One key for each lock is designated as a master key and its key code is stored in the lock as a master code. When the master key is presented to the lock and then another key is presented, the lock is enabled to learn access codes from the other key. The master key is also useful to erase access codes and even the master code when key changes are desired. If, however, the master key is lost, or is obtained by an unauthorized person, key code changes are necessary but cannot be accomplished by the usual method. It is then important to be able to reset the lock to allow a new master code to be entered. It is equally important that only approved persons be able to use the reset procedure.