The invention provides a control apparatus for a machine tool, which can perform reciprocating vibration in consideration of a vibration frequency, increase flexibility in machining a workpiece, and perform vibration cutting by means of an external spindle or the like without rotating a spindle. The control apparatus and the machine tool include control means. The control means includes an imaginary spindle regarded as a spindle for rotating a workpiece W or a cutting tool. The control means sets the number of rotations of the imaginary spindle and the number of reciprocating vibrations in accordance with a vibration frequency attributable to a cycle during which an operation instruction can be issued.

A conventionally known machine tool includes a spindle configured to hold and rotate a workpiece, a cutting tool configured to cut the workpiece, feeding means configured to feed the cutting tool toward the workpiece in a predetermined feeding direction by moving the spindle and the cutting tool relative to each other, and vibration means configured to vibrate the spindle and the cutting tool relative to each other. An example of this conventional machine tool is described in United States Patent Publication 2014/0102268, published on Apr. 17, 2014. A control apparatus of the machine tool is configured to control the spindle, the feeding means, and the vibration means to drive the machine tool, and to allow the machine tool to machine the workpiece by the rotation of the spindle and the feed movement of the cutting tool with reciprocating vibration toward the workpiece in the feeding direction.
The conventional machine tool is configured so that an operation instruction is issued by a control apparatus at a predetermined cycle. Therefore, the vibration frequency at which the workpiece holding means and the tool rest vibrate relative to each other is defined as a limited value attributable to a cycle during which the operation instruction can be issued by the control apparatus. However, the above vibration frequency is not considered in the conventional machine tool. Therefore, with respect to any number of rotations of the relative rotation, the reciprocating vibration may not be performed at any number of vibrations of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece during one rotation of the workpiece. Also, in the foregoing conventional machine tool, the vibration frequency or the like by the vibration means is set on the premise that the spindle is rotated; therefore, vibration cutting may not be controlled without rotating the spindle.
Thus, the present invention is intended to solve the above problems of the prior art, that is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a control apparatus of a machine tool and the machine tool, which allows reciprocating vibration in consideration of a vibration frequency, increase flexibility in machining a workpiece, and can perform vibration cutting without rotating a spindle.

Control device for machine tool and machine tool


Fiber optic assemblies include subunit cables wrapped in binders. The assemblies have small cross sections and low bend radii while maintaining acceptable attenuation losses. SZ stranding of the subunit cables allows ease of access to the individual cables during installation.

Communications networks are used to transport a variety of signals such as voice, video, data and the like. As communications applications required greater bandwidth, communication networks switched to fiber optic cables since they are capable of transmitting an extremely large amount of bandwidth compared with copper conductors. Fiber optic cables are also much smaller and lighter compared with copper cables having the same bandwidth capacity. Conventional fiber optic cables, however, may be too large or rigid for some applications. For example, in a multiple dwelling unit (MDU) such as an apartment building, it is often necessary to run fiber optic cables through small spaces and around tight corners to provide access to individual dwelling units. Conventional fiber optic cables often are either too large in cross-section, too inflexible, or both, to be run to individual dwelling units.
Conventional MDU deployments also require pulling individual cables from the fiber distribution terminal (FDT) to each living unit. The technician typically unspools a cable down a hallway and then places them into a raceway molding. The raceway can become congested with cables, however, and the technician may be required to pull from 6-12 individual drop cables from the FDT to the living units. The time required to pull off of individual reels can also be disruptive to MDU tenants and add to labor costs of installation.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


Various embodiments of the present invention relate to providing an audible route sequence for guiding a user along a route. A user apparatus determines a user location, distance and directional aspects for one or more waypoint of the route, and a cadence. A distance aspect of a waypoint is a distance between the waypoint and the user location. A directional aspect of a waypoint is the angle between a reference heading and straight line connecting the waypoint to the user location. The cadence is determined based on the distance between consecutive waypoints. The user apparatus determines a route sequence based on the distance and directional aspects for the waypoints and the cadence. The route sequence comprises a sequence of audible pitches that each correspond to a waypoint of the route. The user apparatus causes the route sequence to be audibly provided via a sound device.

Voice instructions in the field of navigation are widespread. In typical cases, like when driving a car, voice navigational cues work very well, but still they require the user to listen to complete sentences and translate the meaning in terms of language and signage. This can be quite inefficient for example in cases like a pedestrian walking short distances in an indoor space, where the duration of spoken instructions might already be too lengthy in comparison to the distance to be walked before the next maneuver point.

Audible route sequence for navigation guidance


A magnetic resonance force detection apparatus, comprising: a sample carrier for carrying a sample to be tested; a magnetic field source configured to provide a magnetic field to a sample when it is carried by the sample carrier; a support for supporting either the sample carrier or the magnetic field source; a support-driving-mechanism configured to drive the support such that the sample carrier moves relative to the magnetic field source, such that the magnetic field is configured to cause the spins of one or more nuclei or electrons in the sample to flip, and wherein the flipping of spins exerts a force on the support; and a support-displacement-measuring-sensor configured to measure displacement of the support and generate a signal representative of the displacement of the support.

The present disclosure relates to a magnetic resonance force detection apparatus, and associated methods for using such apparatus.
Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) involves the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the techniques of scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Essentially, the technique relies on detecting the tiny force resulting from the modulation or flipping of nuclear or electron spins. This has led to the demonstration of nuclear spin imaging of a virus particle with a spatial resolution of 4 nm. The sensitivity can be improved by increasing the magnetic field gradient provided by an integrated nanomagnetic tip near the nuclear spins and a "microwire" RF source. Yet, because of the small forces involved, relatively long averaging times are required to be able to distinguish the forces due to the controlled manipulation of the nuclear spins from the thermal forces acting on a cantilever that is used for force detection.

Magnetic resonance force detection apparatus and associated methods


An exhaust aftertreatment device (10) includes an aftertreatment element (24) for treating internal combustion engine exhaust, an injector (26) for injecting chemical species mixing with the exhaust prior to reaching the aftertreatment element, and a turbulator (36) turbulating the exhaust to enhance the noted mixing. In a desired combination, a two-stage integrated perforated tube combination structure includes a turbulent mixing tube (38) disposed in an acoustic tube (40) and concentrically surrounded thereby.

The invention relates to aftertreatment devices for internal combustion engine exhaust, and more particularly to combined chemical mixing and acoustic effects.
To address engine emission concerns, new standards continue to be proposed for substantial reduction of various emissions, including NOX and particulate emissions. Increasingly stringent standards will require installation of aftertreatment devices in engine exhaust systems. Some of the aftertreatment technologies require certain chemical species to be injected into the exhaust system. For example, HC or fuel is injected in some active lean NOX systems, and additives such as cerium and iron are injected for diesel particulate filter regeneration, and urea solution is injected in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for NOX reduction. These injected chemical species need to be well mixed with exhaust gas before reaching catalysts or filters for the systems to perform properly.
Perforated tubes are widely used in engine exhaust systems for noise reduction. If designed properly, perforated tubes can also create high intensity turbulent flow. The turbulent flow will promote turbulent diffusion of the chemical species and therefor enhance the mixing process.
In one aspect of the present invention, improved chemical mixing is provided.
In another aspect, the invention integrates a turbulent mixing tube with an acoustic tube into an engine exhaust system.
In another aspect, the invention provides an engine exhaust system with two-stage perforated tubes. The system is designed not only to reduce the noise level, but also to enhance the mixing processes of chemical species which are injected into the exhaust system, including for regeneration of diesel particulate filters and for controlling engine NOX emissions.

Exhaust aftertreatment device, including chemical mixing and acoustic effects


A fluorometer for measuring a particular fluorescence emanating from a specimen and operating in accordance with the following method. Producing a burst of concentrated light energy and directing the concentrated light energy toward the specimen to produce a fluorescence from the specimen including the particular fluorescence. Preferably producing an image of the fluorescence. Detecting the fluorescence and producing a signal in accordance with the fluorescence. Controlling the passage of the image of the fluorescence for detecting within a particular time period so as to optimize the detection of the particular fluorescence. Timing the operation to sequence the detection of the fluorescence within the particular time period after the production of the burst of concentrated light energy. Scanning the fluorescence from the specimen for forming signals representative of the fluorescence from the specimen. Analyzing the signals to enhance the portion of the signal representing the particular fluorescence relative to the portion of the signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to fluorometers for detecting a particular fluorescence from a specimen. Specifically, the present invention relates to a time gated fluorometer for forming an output signal preferably representative of an image of the fluorescent specimen and to a specific method to enhance the analysis of the output signal received to thereby enhance the detection of the particular fluorescence.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, prior art fluorometers all suffer from a common problem of providing for a discrimination between the generated fluorescent signal and the background noise. Certain types of conventional fluorometers discriminate between the fluorescent signal and the background noise on the basis of wave length. This type of discrimination is generally not sufficient for many types of fluorescent signals.
Another type of discrimination can be accomplished using a time gated technique. In particular, these instruments are based on the principle of permitting the observation of the fluorescence or luminescence a short, and if desired a variable, time after the excitation period. Time gated fluorometers therefore add an additional level of discrimination by viewing the signal fluorescence during an optimal time window. In the past, this technique generally employed a fluorophore of long decay time in order to allow the background fluorescence to decay.
The time gated technique is in general based on a phosphoroscope invented by Becquerel in 1867. In the Becquerel instrument, the luminescent substance is placed between two rotating discs which are mounted on a common axis and which have sector shaped apertures. The variable time gating is achieved by an adjustment of the angle between a sector on one disc and a sector on the other. Subsequent refinements of the time gating technique have been accomplished by the use of spark discharges, oscilloscopes, Kerr cells and supersonic cells.
The rotating disc invented by Becquerel was put into a conical configuration for a microscope by Jones as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,071,408 in 1937. Other more recent improvements have used electronic techniques. For example, Wieder, U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,957, provided for the gating of a detecting circuit electronically and used a laser for excitation. In this way, as in other refinements of Becquerel phosphoroscope, the gating mechanism may be adjusted so that observation of the desired signal can be optimized. Other prior art devices such as Mueller, U.S. Pat. No. 4,006,360, use electronic gating to distinguish between species of differing decay time where two species are involved and one is bound dye and the other is an unbound dye.
Two commercial instruments are currently available for the measurement of decay time or lifetimes. Both of these instruments utilize nanosec. flash sources (electric spark in air at reduced pressure). One instrument puts the output of a photomultiplier tube onto a fast ocilloscope. Provision is made to match the experimental curve with a sum of up to 3 or 4 exponentials.
The second instrument excites the sample by repeated flashes from the source (such as at 5 kHz) and pulses the photomultiplier at increasingly longer times after the flash. The output is fed into a recorder or computer and gives an intensity vs. time signal. In addition, this instrument is supplied with software to reconvolute the experimental curve by a well known method termed Linearized Least Squares Reconvolution.
Both wavelength based discrimination and time based discrimination suffer by having background fluorescence superimposed on the signal with only an indirect means of segregating the two. In addition, the use of dyes of long decay time effectively smears out the desired signal over a long time period, thus making this signal hard to extract. Dyes of long decay time have inherently low extinction coefficients and therefore provide inefficient excitation of the fluorescence.


A sheet conveying apparatus includes a sheet accommodating unit for accommodating a plurality of sheets, a sheet feeding unit for feeding sheets from the sheet accommodating unit, separation pawls for individually separating the sheets fed from the sheet feeding unit, a manual feeding port for manually feeding a sheet between the sheet accommodating unit and the sheet feeding unit, and a manually-fed-sheet guiding unit disposed between the sheet accommodating unit and the sheet feeding unit for guiding the sheet manually fed from the manual feeding port. The manually-fed-sheet guiding unit is displaceable an amount sufficient to allow the formation of a loop in a sheet during the separation by the separation pawls.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a sheet conveying apparatus which includes a displaceable sheet conveying guide in a sheet conveying path provided between a cassette and a sheet-feeding roller.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, a sheet conveying path between a cassette and a sheet-feeding roller has, in general, been used as a conveying path for conveying a sheet which has been manually fed. Accordingly, the sheet conveying path is provided between the cassette and the sheet-feeding roller only when a sheet is manually fed, enabling a manual feeding operation of paper, and is retracted during a usual sheet feeding operation from the cassette so as not to obstruct the sheet feeding operation from the cassette.
In some printers, a sheet can be conveyed in a forward or a reverse direction. In such a case, the above-described sheet conveying path is utilized as a space for accommodating a sheet. That is, the sheet-feeding roller is retracted from the sheet conveying path by swinging in order to secure the sheet conveying path, and a cover on the upper surface of the cassette is utilized as a sheet guide.
In the above-described first approach, however, it is necessary to perform the difficult operation of providing the sheet conveying path at a predetermined position every time a manual feeding operation of a sheet is performed, and retracting the sheet conveying path when the path is not used. Hence, an apparatus must provide a space for accommodating the sheet conveying path, causing an unnecessary increase of the size of the apparatus. In the above-described case of printers, a mechanism to retract the sheet-feeding roller is required in order to secure the sheet conveying path. Moreover, the sheet conveying path is not provided when the cassette is detached, and therefore sheets cannot be accommodatad at a predetermined position.

Sheet conveying apparatus with displaceable guide between cassette and feed roller


A thermal spray powder contains granulated and sintered particles composed of an oxide of any of the rare earth elements having an atomic number from 60 to 70. The average particle size of the primary particles constituting the granulated and sintered particles is 2 to 10 μm. The crushing strength of the granulated and sintered particles is 7 to 50 MPa. A plasma resistant member includes a substrate and a thermal spray coating provided on the surface of the substrate. The thermal spray coating is formed by thermal spraying, preferably plasma thermal spraying, the thermal spray powder.

The present invention relates to a thermal spray powder. The present invention also relates to a method for forming a thermal spray coating using the thermal spray powder, and a plasma resistant member including a thermal spray coating formed from such thermal spray powder.
In the field of fabricating semiconductor devices or liquid crystal devices, it is common to conduct microfabrication by plasma etching, which is one type of dry etching, using a reactive ion etching apparatus. Therefore, in semiconductor device fabrication apparatuses and liquid crystal device fabrication apparatuses, a member which is exposed during the etching process to the reactive plasma may suffer from erosion (damage). If particles are generated from a member in the semiconductor device fabrication apparatus or liquid crystal device fabrication apparatus by plasma erosion, the particles can deposit on the silicon wafer used in a semiconductor device or the glass substrate used in a liquid crystal device. If the amount of deposited particles is large or if the particles have a large size, the microfabrication cannot be carried out as designed, whereby the device yield decreases and quality defects occur, which can cause the device costs to increase.
In view of this, conventionally plasma erosion of members has been prevented by providing a ceramic thermal spray coating which has plasma erosion resistance on the members which are exposed to reactive plasma during the etching process (see, for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-80954). However, even a thermal spray coating which has plasma erosion resistance suffers from a certain amount of plasma erosion. If large-sized particles are generated when the thermal spray coating suffers from plasma erosion, this also becomes a factor in decreasing the device yield and quality defects. Therefore, it is desirable to make the size of particles which are generated when a thermal spray coating suffers from plasma erosion to be as small as possible.
In plasma etching, physical etching from ion bombardment of the ionized etching gas is occurring simultaneously with chemical etching from a chemical reaction of the etching gas. Physical etching is a form of anisotropic etching in which the etching rate in the vertical direction with respect to the etching face is higher than the etching rate in the horizontal direction with respect to the etching face. In the case of only conducting physical etching, since the unmasked portions, which need to be etched, and the masked portions, which do not need to be etched, are both etched in the same way by the ion bombardment, the unmasked portions cannot be selectively etched. Accordingly, in microfabrication of semiconductor devices and liquid crystal devices, in which chemical etching capable of selectively etching unmasked portions has to be used in conjunction with physical etching, plasma etching is employed.
Conventionally, in microfabrication by plasma etching, chemical etching has mainly been emphasized. However, in recent years, to cope with increasing miniaturization and decreasing wire width of semiconductor devices and liquid crystal devices, the plasma etching conditions are being changed to achieve higher effects from physical etching. Specifically, etching gases are used in which the ratio of halogen gas such as CF4, CHF3, HBr and HCl, which contribute to chemical etching (selective etching), is reduced, and the ratio of noble gas such as argon or xenon, which contribute to physical etching (anisotropic etching), is increased (for example, see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-226773). Thus, there is a need to reexamine the thermal spray coating provided in the semiconductor device fabrication apparatuses and liquid crystal device fabrication apparatuses as a result of this transition in the composition of the etching gas.

Thermal spray powder, method for forming thermal spray coating, and plasma resistant member


A menu navigation engine that enables user configuration of a vortex flowmeter. The vortex flowmeter includes a memory device and a processor, among other hardware components. Software instructions stored on the memory device and executable by the processor implement the menu navigation engine by displaying use case identifiers on the user interface, receiving selections of use case identifiers via the user interface, generating a formatted hierarchical tree of vortex flowmeter configuration nodes associated with the selected use case, and displaying the generated tree on the user interface.

Vortex flowmeters measure fluid flow rate by detecting the frequency of disturbances in the flow of process fluid. Such flowmeters typically include embedded systems for communicating with control systems, and for generating outputs related to the disturbances detected in the process fluid passing through the flowtube of the vortex flowmeter. The settings of the embedded systems are often configurable by navigating through a series of menus presented on a typical vortex flowmeter's user interface. Since vortex flowmeters are application specific, many of the possible configuration settings pertaining to the embedded systems of the flowmeter are never used when the flowmeter is configured. However, a user must still navigate by keystrokes through the unused configuration settings via the menus. For this reason, the number of keystrokes required to navigate a menu tree in order to configure a flowmeter results in an inefficient and error-prone configuration process.
A need exists to provide a user with a configuration menu engine that is more efficient to navigate, as well as less error prone and reduces the amount of flash memory needed for operation of the menu engine. This is especially true given that the interface on which the menu is navigated typically comprises a simple liquid crystal display (LCD) with 2-4 lines of 8-16 characters per line.


In modern electron beam writers, the subject to be structured is simultaneously processed with a plurality of probes or electron beams. The apparatus of the present invention, instead of sub-dividing a single electron beam into a plurality of probes, utilizes a beam generator having a plurality of sources of electron beams, which are arranged line-like and are imaged demagnified with the assistance of a telecentric electron optical arrangement onto the subject which is to be processed or structured.

The present invention is directed to a lithography apparatus for structuring a subject or article, which apparatus produces a plurality of particle probes or particle beams.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,328, whose disclosure is incorporated by reference thereto, discloses a lithographic apparatus or electron beam writer which has an electron-optical column comprising a control diaphragm for generating a plurality of individual deflectable or, respectively, blankable electron probes or beams. This diaphragm is disclosed in greater detail in No. EP-No. 0 191 439 A1 and is essentially composed of a silicon wafer whose central part is constructed as a self-bearing membrane and is provided with a line-shaped arrangement of quadratic openings or apertures. An electrode system arranged in the region of the openings serves as a deflection unit.
Other lithographic apparatuses are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,130,761; 4,153,843; 4,409,487; and 4,524,278, and the disclosure of these U.S. Patents are incorporated by reference thereto.
In these lithographic apparatuses, the electron probes are supplied from a common source so that only a fraction of the available source current is divided into each of the particle beams. However, the probe current should be optimally high in order to increase the throughput of the structured semiconductor wafers which are being passed through the apparatus.

Lithographic apparatus for structuring a subject


In an example, an apparatus having a voice assistant application that generates a graphical image response is provided. The apparatus includes a microphone and a processor in communication with the microphone. The microphone receives a secure voice assistant mode activation command and a voice command. The processor is to execute a voice assistant application, wherein the voice assistant application is to generate a graphical image response in response to the secure voice assistant mode activation command and the voice command, to change a privacy setting in the apparatus in response to the secure voice assistant mode activation command, to transmit the voice command from the microphone to the voice assistant application, and to transmit the graphical image response to a display.

Voice assistants are used on endpoint devices to help consumers with various activities. Voice assistants allow users to issue commands, queries, and the like with his or her voice to a device. For example, voice assistants can be deployed on mobile phones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, automated home devices, and the like, to help users to be more productive and efficient.
Users can activate the voice assistant on a device and issue a voice command. The voice command is received and transmitted to a server in the cloud via the Internet. A response is generated and transmitted back to the device. The response is outputted through audio outputs, such as external speakers, on the device for the user to hear.

Voice assistants with graphical image responses

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


A silicon substrate having a first silicon oxide film formed via thermal oxidation and a second silicon oxide film formed via chemical vapor deposition and the like is subjected to preprocessing prior to selective epitaxial growth, wherein both the first and second silicon oxide films are etched with the same etching rate so as to completely remove the first silicon oxide film. Thus, it is possible to precisely control the sizes of contact holes formed in the silicon substrate, thus preventing contact plugs from short-circuiting with silicon epitaxial layers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to semiconductor devices and manufacturing methods therefor.
The present application claims priority on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2008-50527, filed Feb. 29, 2008 and 2008-307403, filed Dec. 2, 2008, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of Related Art
Semiconductor devices serving as dynamic random-access memories (DRAM) are constituted of memory cells including transistors and capacitors. Due to current tendencies for developing semiconductor devices having fine structures, it is necessary to further reduce sizes of transistors, which in turn cause problems of short-channel effects of transistors apparently. As sizes of memory cells included in large-scale dynamic random-access memories become smaller, channel lengths of transfer-gate transistors must be reduced correspondingly, wherein as S values of transfer-gate transistors increase, memory cells must be degraded in terms of retentions and write characteristics.
As one countermeasure against short-channel problems of transistors, trench-gate transistors having three-dimensional structures of channels have been developed to improve refresh characteristics of memory cells. Trench-gate transistors are designed to increase channel lengths by effectively using the boundaries of three-dimensional trenches, which are formed on silicon substrates, as channels.
By adopting the above trench-gate structure used in trench-gate transistors (which are each referred to as RCAT, namely "Recess Channel Access Transistor"), it is possible to cope with short-channel problems of transistors and to improve refresh characteristics of memory cells. Due to the trench-gate structure, it is possible to substantially increase channel lengths and to thereby reduce channel doses, whereby it is possible to improve refreshing effects by way of electric-field relaxation of PN junctions in source/drain regions.
Recently, silicon layers are formed above source/drain regions of transistors in accordance with selective epitaxial growth processes and are used as source/drain regions in order to reduce short-channel effects.
In the manufacturing method of semiconductor devices having the trench-gate structure, it is necessary to perform preprocessing so as to remove thermal oxide films and natural oxide films from silicon substrates (used for forming silicon epitaxial layers) during selective epitaxial growth processes.
The present inventor has recognized the following problems, which will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11.
FIG. 8 shows that an embedded insulating film 103 is formed using a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) film, a CVD film fabricated by CVD, or a spin-on dielectric (SOD) film fabricated by a spinning application, wherein it is embedded in a silicon substrate 101 so as to form an element separation region M1 for defining activate regions K1.
Channels (or trenches) 108 are formed in the silicon substrate 101; then, a thermal oxide film 102 serving as a gate insulating film is formed on the silicon substrate 101 and inside the channels 108; furthermore, gate electrodes 106 composed of wiring materials including polysilicon layers 104 and metal layers 109 are embedded in the channels 108. In addition, silicon nitride films 107 are formed on the gate electrodes 106. In this connection, channels 108a are formed in the embedded insulating film 103 defining the element separation region M1, wherein polysilicon layers 104a and metal layers 109a are formed using the same materials as the polysilicon layers 104 and the metal layers 109 in the gate electrodes 106.
In the selective epitaxial growth process adapted to the surface of the silicon substrate 101, it is necessary to perform preprocessing for removing the thermal oxide film 102 and its natural oxide film in order to expose the surface of the silicon substrate 101. As preprocessing, wet etching is performed using dilute hydrofluoric acid (DHF). Various methods for etching silicon substrates have been disclosed in various documents such as Patent Documents 1-3.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H06-124944    Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-216242    Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-43543
When the semiconductor device of FIG. 8 is subjected to wet etching as shown in FIG. 9, the thermal oxide film 102 and its natural oxide film are removed from the surface of the silicon substrate 101 while the embedded insulating film 103 forming the element separation region M1 is simultaneously etched so that a recess 103a is formed on the surface of the embedded insulating film 103. Since the embedded insulating film 103 is composed of an oxide silicon film whose wet etching rate is five to ten times higher than that of the thermal oxide film 102, such as the HDP-CVD film, the CVD film, and the SOD film, the depth of the recess 103a must be larger than the thickness of the thermal oxide film 102.
Due to some trouble occurring in a selective epitaxial growth device such that the silicon substrate 101 is neglected for a long time after preprocessing, another natural oxide film may be unexpectedly formed on the surface of the silicon substrate 101 as shown in FIG. 10. This requires another preprocessing in which the embedded insulating film 103 of the element separation region M1 must be further etched so as to further increase the recess 103a, causing partial exposure of the polysilicon layers 104a from the recess 103a.
Due to the selective epitaxial growth process as shown in FIG. 11, "unwanted" silicon epitaxial layers 105a are additionally formed via the polysilicon layers 104a and are connected to "normal" silicon epitaxial layers 105. This causes short-circuiting between the silicon epitaxial layers 105 and the polysilicon layers 104a formed on the element separation region M1.

Semiconductor device and manufacturing method therefor


The present disclosure relates to a networking device, a system and a method for the creation of a portable proximity communication network. A networking device comprises a communication interface and a networking component for establishing connections of the networking device, via the communication interface, with any one of a plurality of communication devices. The networking component is capable of establishing a connection with a peer networking device for creating a long range based communication network.

Computers and communications devices such as personal computers (PC), laptop computers, tablet PCs, personal assistant devices (PDA), mobile phones, smart phones and other similar devices have become commonplace.
There is, however, a need for an easy way for people in the same physical space to anonymously communicate, broadcast content and exchange files at any given location without having to go through a cellular/mobile network and/or an Internet Service Provider, and/or any traditional internet based platforms.

Networking device, system and method for the creation of portable proximity communication networks


To provide a novel furanone derivative, and a medicine including the same. The furanone derivative is represented by the formula (I):

Cancer is a group of diseases caused by uncontrolled, unlimited growth of cells within a living body. Since cancer cells usually grow faster than normal cells, cancers would be capable of being treated by controlling the replication of DNA during the cell division, particularly during the division of chromosomes. Actually, gemcitabine, which has the effect of inhibiting DNA replication, is widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, biliary tract cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or others.
Cdc7 is a serine-threonine protein kinase and is an enzyme which is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in the cell cycle. Specifically, Cdc7 forms a complex with cofactors such as Dbf4 (ASK), and phosphorylates its substrate, MCM (mini-chromosome maintenance) proteins. It is supposed that this phosphorylation results in assembly of Cdc45 and a DNA polymerase on the DNA to form an MCM complex, thereby initiating the DNA replication (see Non Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, it has been shown in a recent study that Cdc7 plays an important role not only in the replication of DNA, but also in DNA damaging pathways (see Non Patent Literature 2).
Recently, Cdc7 has drawn attention as a target of anti-cancer agents, and active researches on Cdc7 have been made. For example, it was found that CDC7 is overexpressed not only in common established cell lines derived from human tumors, but also in cells taken from live tissues, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer (see Non Patent Literature 3). Particularly, it was shown, in more recent days, that CDC7 is overexpressed in p53-mutated triple negative (ER−/PR−/Her2−) breast cancer cells (see Non Patent Literature 4), and thus it has been expected that Cdc7 will be a promising target molecule against a triple negative type of breast cancer, which has been considered to be difficult to treat. Actually, it was observed that in experiments for suppressing the expression of Cdc7 using RNA interference techniques, the arresting of the cell cycle was induced when the expression of Cdc7 was inhibited. More importantly, the Cdc7 inhibition using RNA interference techniques suppressed the growth of human tumor cells, such as HeLa and HCT116 cells, and exhibited only limited effects on normal cells (normal human skin fibroblasts) (see Non Patent Literature 5).
Therefore, selective inhibitors of Cdc7 can be expected to have an effective therapeutic effect against various types of cancer. Although various compounds having an inhibitory effect on Cdc7 have been reported in the past, there are no reports in which novel furanone derivatives of the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have an inhibitory effect on Cdc7.

Abstract: wherein A represents —COOR1 or a hydrogen atom; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, or an optionally substituted heterocycle; R2 and R3 are the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted heterocycle, an optionally substituted heterocyclic fused ring, or an optionally substituted amino group; or alternatively, R2 and R3, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form an optionally substituted heterocycle or an optionally substituted heterocyclic fused ring; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; with the proviso that when A represents —COOR1, R2 and R3 are not optionally substituted amino groups at the same time, and when A represents a hydrogen atom, R3 represents a hydrogen atom.


A spline lubrication apparatus is disclosed for lubricating a spline of a pump drive. The apparatus includes a housing and a rotatable spline which is disposed within the housing. The spline includes a shaft having a plurality of longitudinally extending splines. A gear is rotatably supported within the housing and includes a splined bore for the rotatable reception therein of the rotatable spline. An adapter is secured to the housing and defines a cavity for the rotatable reception therein of the splines and splined bore. A plurality of pockets are in fluid communication with the cavity such that when the splines and splined bore are rotating within the cavity, the flow of the lubricant within the cavity around the splines and splined bore is interrupted by the pockets. The arrangement is such that the flow of lubricant collects within the pockets and cascades onto the splines and splined bore for enhancing the lubrication thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline. More particularly, the present invention relates to a spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline of a pump drive.
2. Background Information
Spline wear is a very big factor when working with any large engine. The reason behind this is because internal combustion engines are ignited by compression. When the engine fires, there is a very strong pulse of engine rotation torque, as a piston approaches Bottom Dead Center (BDC). The inertia of the rotating parts must drive the piston back up and create a compression for the next cycle. As the inertia from the rotating parts start driving the engine, an anti-engine torque is applied. For a split second between engine and anti-engine torque, all components are in a neutral, no power state. During this time all bushings are free to, and do, move. With a dry spline the combination of this movement and torque in both directions causes excessive, premature wear. Such wear is prevented by introducing oil to the spline area. Many manufacturers use several different methods of oiling the spline. Most, if not all of these include a remote oil supply and/or a pump to get oil to a sufficient level in the spline area.
According to the present invention which includes a modular split-housing design, the wet spline feature is cast into the housing. As the gears spin, oil is distributed throughout the box. The cast ports are strategically placed to catch the maximum amount of oil and direct it to the rotating spline. Shielded bearings are used to restrict oil flow back into the sump of the gear box. This causes the oil to back up and fill the spline cavity. With oil being retained in the cavity this causes the bearings to be partially submerged, giving better lubrication benefits. The bearings also run cooler because of the oil being passed through the bearing, instead of being submerged into the main sump. An added benefit of retaining oil is during cold start conditions. In other manufacturers' designs, the bearings are oiled by splash. With cold thick oil, there is insufficient lubrication until the oil warms up. When oil is contained in the spline cavity, the bearings have lubrication upon start up, no matter what temperature or thickness of oil used. With the oil ports being cast into the housing, under normal operation, they will act as oil fill and oil level holes. This is opposed to other designs where oil ports are cast into the adapter groups. Traditionally these have four cast holes approximately 90 degrees apart. That design allows oil to flow in but would also drain out just as quickly, thus again, relying on a splash lubrication for both the bearing and the spline. Adapter groups with two ports cast therein would allow for proper oil flow and oil level. However, the attachment orientation of these adapters would be critical for proper oil retention. Having the two ports cast into the housing eliminates the need for the critical orientation of these adapter groups. A third design is to cast only two ports to allow for fill and level. This provides similar characteristics to the modular split housing design of the present invention. However, open ball bearings or taper roller bearings are used. Both of these bearings provide little to no oil retention, and actually the taper roller bearings tend to pump the oil out.
In the modular design according to the present invention, there is ease of assembly and serviceability. The modular design is built from two housing halves containing both the gears and bearings. This is different from current designs in that currently the adapters (pump pads or engine adapters) contain the bearings. This is used because in a mono-body (uni-body) housing, the gears must either be installed through the pump pad holes, or through the engine adapter hole and slid over to the proper location. The shafts are then pressed onto the gears. Finally, the covers, containing the bearings are installed. This is a very time consuming process and causes lots of difficulty in the field for repairs. Most of the time, the gear boxes must be completely disassembled from the machine and either sent to a repair site that has the proper equipment, or sent back to the manufacturer of the gear box. A modular split-housing design eliminates all of these problems. A modular split housing according to the present invention uses solid on shaft (SOS) gears in which both bearings are pressed onto the shaft. In the event the customer would require less oil in the spline area, a nonshielded bearing could be used. The housing halves contain the bearings so that when the gearbox is bolted together, all internal rotating parts are contained therein. Repairs are also simplified with a modular split housing. If any one of the gears or bearings were to fail, the modular split housing would be able to stay attached to the engine or motor, while the second half including the pumps, would be removed. Because the pump pads do not contain the bearings, the pump would not have to be removed when disassembling. Once taken apart, the gears/bearings will slide out by hand and can be fixed or easily replaced. Again, because the modular split housing is fully contained, the end user can purchase individual adapter groups to replace or modify the original configuration. All adapters (input and output) can be added without having to disturb the box or any internal workings.
The modular-split housing uses the same gears and bearings throughout several models, because the configuration of the housings is the same. This is beneficial in two ways. For the manufacturer, fewer gears need to be produced. For the consumer, parts availability is improved, whether for service or for new pump drive orders. This will save much misunderstanding on the part of both the consumer and the manufacturer, which will speed up the process of sending repair parts. All the gears throughout the product line use the same large internal spline. With a large internal spline and with oil lubrication, fretting corrosion is theoretically eliminated. The larger splines create a common geometry in the gears, resulting in fewer parts. The benefit to the end user includes, the variety of pump spline adapters available which offers flexibility when changing pumps and the larger gear spline bore has increased rating which if and when spline wear occurs, due to excessive HP draw, the smaller pump spline will wear before the gear spline. When this happens, the bushing can be easily replaced without replacing the gear.
When producing a mono-body housing, many times residue is left in corners and covered by paint. This has been reported to come loose during operation causing bearing and/or gear failure. Because mono-body housings are so large one casting must cover all sides. This causes a potential for air pockets, and voids while pouring the casting. When a casting has voids, it reduces the integrity tremendously and also offers a place for oil to leak. With a modular split-housing according to the present invention and the resultant two housing halves, a consistent pour is more repeatable, and cleaning and inspection is much easier.
Some of the features and benefits derived from the subject invention are as follows:
1. The modular design means that the base unit can be built without the need for input and/output adapter groups. Also, the bearings and gears are self-contained within the housings. Furthermore, input and output adapters can be added at anytime prior to the installation of the unit.2. The solid-on-shaft gears provide consistent and uniform alignment. Also, such gears simplify assembly once the bearings are pressed on the gear shaft. Additionally, such gears reduce the total number of parts.3. The arrangement simplifies service and does not require pressing the shafts through the housings into bearings and gears. Also, the present arrangement does not require shimming or special adjustment of the pump pads and input adapters.4. There are fewer parts and the adapter groups are reduced to a single set of input housings and output pads for the entire product line. The total of 31 gears are interchangeable across different models.5. The wet spline includes oil passages that are built into the housings along with the bearing design to create a constant oil bath for the bearings and splines, resulting in longer, trouble-free operation.6. The drop-in replacement arrangement enables interchangeability with present pump drive lines and with other types of pump drive lines.7. The higher rating means an increased horsepower rating over the present product line and competition.8. The arrangement according to the present invention provides an apparatus which also runs quieter, is less costly and which reduces lead time.
Additionally, according to the present invention, during testing of the aforementioned wet spline feature, Applicant observed that oil while being delivered to the pump adapters, was not getting to the splines in some configurations and ratios. The oil was circulating around the inside diameter of the pump adapter, and then on through the bearings. In order to redirect flow, Applicant modified the inside diameter of the pump flange by adding "pockets". Various pocket configurations were tested which enabled the determination of the best and final design. The addition of "pockets" to the inside of the pump adapters, interrupts the flow of oil around the inside thereof, allowing oil to collect in the pockets, until the oil starts dripping on to the pump spline. The aforementioned feature permits running the spline at lower oil levels and consequently lower oil quantities, which minimizes heat generation, but still gets oil to the splines. Therefore, the pump pads according to the present invention incorporate the aforementioned pocket feature. All pump pads now have this feature.
Therefore, the pump drive according to the present invention with the cast-in "pockets" is a key feature, which includes the provision of a wet spline along with cast-in oil ports and shielded bearings.
More specifically, during Applicant's tests on the wet spline arrangement claimed in co-pending application, U.S. Ser. No. 10/601,829, Applicant discovered that lubrication of the spline was enhanced by adding four cast in pockets to each of the pump adapters. Such cast in pockets have been tested and greatly improve the oil flow to the spline areas. Moreover, oil circulates around the inside diameter of the pump adapter during operation. This cast-in pocket catches the oil and causes the oil to cascade down onto the shaft splines.
The aforementioned additional feature of the present invention greatly improves the lubricating capability of the spline thereby increasing the life of such lubricated spline.
Therefore, it is a primary feature of the present invention to provide a spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline of a pump drive that overcomes the problems associated with fretting corrosion or excessive wear.
Another feature of the present invention is the provision of a spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline of a pump drive gearbox that is easy to disassemble.
A further feature of the present invention is the provision of a spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline of a pump drive gearbox that reduces the cost of manufacture.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art by a consideration of the detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention contained herein.

Spline lubrication apparatus for lubricating a spline


A system and method of distributing a file maintained on a first device located at the top tier of a secured network having at least a second device at a lower tier, without needing to change security parameters of the secured network, is disclosed. Network administrators may access the top tier of the network, may add files into the system, and may generate a file privilege file. The file privilege file can include configuration information for a computer on a tier and may include information about files accessible to a computer on a specific tier. The network propagates the file privilege file from the first device through intermediate devices and onto the second device. The second device may then receive a file authorized from the first device via a connection in the secured network. The second device may also propagate files up to the first device.

It is known in the prior art to transfer files using a socket-based system. Thus, sockets at a client and at a server are both opened and a connection is established between the client and the server application for bidirectional communication through a particular port. This connection scheme posses problems when either the client device or the server device does not wish to allow access to an unprotected port. Problems also ensue when firewalls are involved. Firewalls generally restrict the transmission of unauthorized data and the establishment of sockets at ports. Thus, socket connections are generally not used in secured Government networks where the government does not want to expose an unprotected port or change its security settings.
In secure networks, and more specifically Government networks, wherein each hop within the network is under the control of a single entity, the addition of an application for transfer of data between computers is difficult because of the Government's desire not to expose a port that could potentially cause a security breech. Thus, the Government does not want to change any security settings.
In the past, due to the Government's desire to fully lock down their network, in order to update a computer or to change the configuration of a remote computer in the field, a person would have to be dispatched to the location of the computer and the person would have to manually reconfigure the computer or manually add an updated or new file.
Thus, the process of reconfiguration or updating is extremely time-consuming and also expensive.

System and method for transmission of files within a secured network


A trace generation device including a directed graph generator configured to generate a directed graph in accordance with execution of compiled traces whose maximum length is limited to a certain length or shorter and that have been generated at a low optimization level, the directed graph representing transitions of execution between the compiled traces; a directed graph updater configured to traverse edges in the directed graph backward from a start point in timer-based sampling, the start point being a node corresponding to a trace in which a timer tick has occurred, and configured to increment a recompilation counter of a trace that the backward traversal has reached when stopping in front of a cyclic trace or at a trace not having any further edge; and a generator configured to determine the head of a corresponding trace as a head of a new trace.

The present invention relates to trace-based compiler techniques, and more specifically to a multi-level compilation technique applied to trace-based compilers.
Hitherto, trace-based compilers that use frequently executed code sequences hereinafter, referred to as "traces", as basic units for compilation and execution have been known, for example, see P. Wu, H. Hayashizaki, H. Inoue, and T. Nakatani, "Reducing Trace Selection Footprint for Large-scale Java Applications with no Performance Loss", in Proceedings of the ACM Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications, pp. 789-804, 2011, H. Inoue, H. Hayashizaki, P. Wu, and T. Nakatani, "A Trace-based Java JIT Compiler Retrofitted from a Method-based Compiler", in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, pp. 246-256, 2011, and H. Hayashizaki, P. Wu, H. Inoue, M. Serrano, and T. Nakatani, "Improving the Performance of Trace-based Systems by False Loop Filtering", In Proceedings of Sixteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 405-418, 2011.
Trace selection is an essential key for trace-based compilers. Generating longer traces increases the opportunities for compiler optimization and reduces the overhead of transitions between compiled traces. However, generating long traces often causes generation of duplicated traces. This increases the code size and the compilation time, and degrades the startup performance, for example, see Non-patent Literature 1.
Generating longer traces in trace-based compilers is similar to expanding the compilation scope by aggressively performing method inlining in method-based compilers. In systems using method-based just-in-time (JIT) compilers, adaptive multi-level compilation techniques are widely used in order to achieve both quick startup and high peak performance, for example see Michael Paleczny, Christopher Vick, and Cliff Click, "The Java Hotspot™ Server Compiler", in Proceedings of the USENIX Java Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium, pp. 1-12, 2001, N. Greevski, A. Kielstra, K. Stoodley, M. Stoodley, and V. Sundaresan, "Java just-in-time compiler and virtual machine improvements for server and middleware applications", In Proceedings of the USENIX Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium, pp. 151-162, 2004, T. Suganuma, T. Yasue, M. Kawahito, H. Komatsu, and T. Nakatani, "A dynamic optimization framework for a Java just-in-time compiler", in Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, pp. 180-195, 2001, M. Arnold, S. Fink, D. Grove, M. Hind, and P. F. Sweeney, "Adaptive optimization in the Jalapeno JVM", in Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, pp. 47-65, 2000, U. Holzle and D. Ungar, "A third generation self implementation: Reconciling responsiveness with performance", in Proceedings of the ACM conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, pp. 229-243, 1994, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,386,686.
In adaptive multi-level compilation techniques, compilation is performed at a low optimization level during startup of a program. After the startup ends, methods that use more execution time are found through profiling and then recompilation is performed on the methods at a higher optimization level. It is desired that trace-based compilers also perform multi-level compilation to increase both startup speed and peak performance.
In the list of related-art literatures below, V. Bala, E. Duesterwald, and S. Banerjia, "Dynamo: A Transparent Runtime Optimization System", in Proceedings of the ACM Programming Language Design and Implementation, pp. 1-12, 2000 is listed as the background art regarding an optimization technique that links traces with each other, trace linking optimization, which is used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Also, M. Hirzel and T. M. Chilimbi, "Bursty tracing: a framework for low-overhead temporal profiling", in Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Feedback-Directed and Dynamic Optimization, pp. 117-126, 2001 is listed as the background art regarding a bursty tracing technique from which a technique used in the embodiment of the present invention is derived. In addition, M. Hirzel and T. M. Chilimbi, "Bursty tracing: a framework for low-overhead temporal profiling", in Proceedings of the 4th, Workshop on Feedback-Directed and Dynamic Optimization, pp. 117-126, 2001, M. Bebenita, F. Brandner, M. Fahndrich, F. Logozzo, W. Schulte, N. Tillmann, and H. venter, "SPUR: A trace-based JIT compiler for CIL", in Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications, pp. 708-725, 2010, and M. Bebenita, M. Chang, G. Wagner, A. Gal, C. Wimmer, and M. Franz, "Trace-based compilation in execution environments without interpreters", in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Programming in Java, pp. 59-68, 2010 are listed as existing tracing techniques that support recompilation.
However, unlike the present invention, recompilation described in C. Haubl et al., is recompilation for correcting frequently aborting traces and is not upgrade recompilation. Also, the initial compilation described in Non-patent Literatures M. Bebenita et al. and M. Bebenita et al. is performed to compile code inserted for execution monitoring. Recompilation described in these literatures is equivalent to ordinary compilation and is not upgrade recompilation, unlike the present invention.

Trace generation method, trace generation device, trace generation program product, and multi-level compilation using trace generation method

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


There are disclosed compounds of formula (I) ##STR1##. and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as antagonists of GnRH and as such may be useful for the treatment of a variety of sex-hormone related and other conditions in both men and women.

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also referred to as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), is a decapeptide that plays a key role in human reproduction. The hormone is released from the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the biosynthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH released from the pituitary gland is primarily responsible for the regulation of gonadal steroid production in both sexes, whereas FSH regulates spermatogenesis in males and follicular development in females. GnRH agonists and antagonists have proven effective in the treatment of certain conditions which require inhibition of LH/FSH release. In particular, GnRH-based therapies have proven effective in the treatment of endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian disease, precocious puberty and several gonadal steroid-dependent neoplasia, most notably cancers of the prostate, breast and ovary. GnRH agonists and antagonists have also been utilized in various assisted fertilization techniques and have been investigated as a potential contraceptive in both men and women. They have also shown possible utility in the treatment of pituitary gonadotrophe adenomas, sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, irritable bowel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hirsutism, as an adjunct to growth hormone therapy in growth hormone deficient children, and in murine models of lupus. The compounds of the invention may also be used in combination with bisphosphonates (bisphosphonic acids) and other agents, such as growth hormone secretagogues, e.g. MK-0677, for the treatment and the prevention of disturbances of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, in particular, for the prevention of bone loss during therapy with the GnRH antagonist, and in combination with estrogens, progesterones, antiestrogens, antiprogestins and/or androgens for the prevention or treatment of bone loss or hypogonadal symptoms such as hot flashes during therapy with the GnRH antagonist.
Additionally, a compound of the present invention may be co-administered with a 5.alpha.-reductase 2 inhibitor, such as finasteride or epristeride; a 5.alpha.-reductase 1 inhibitor such as 4,7.beta.-dimethyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-cholestan-3-one, 3-oxo-4-aza-4,7.beta.-dimethyl-16.beta.-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5.alpha.-androst ane, and 3-oxo-4-aza-4,7.beta.-dimethyl-16.beta.-(phenoxy)-5.alpha.-androstane as disclosed in WO 93/23420 and WO 95/11254; dual inhibitors of 5.alpha.-reductase 1 and 5.alpha.-reductase 2 such as 3-oxo-4-aza-17.beta.-(2,5-trifluoromethylphenyl-carbamoyl)-5.alpha.-andros tane as disclosed in WO 95/07927; antiandrogens such as flutamide, casodex and cyproterone acetate, and alpha-1 blockers such as prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin.
Further, a compound of the present invention may be used in combination with growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone or growth hormone secretagogues, to delay puberty in growth hormone deficient children, which will allow them to continue to gain height before fusion of the epiphyses and cessation of growth at puberty.
Current GnRH antagonists are GnRH-like decapeptides which are generally administered intravenously or subcutaneously presumably because of negligible oral activity. These have amino acid substitutions usually at positions one, two, three, six and ten.
Non-peptide GnRH antagonists offer the possible advantage of oral adminstration. Non-peptide GnRH antagonists have been described in European Application 0 219 292 and in De, B. et al., J. Med. Chem., 32, 2036-2038 (1989), in WO 95/28405, WO 95/29900 and EP 0679642 all to Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Additional non-peptide GnRH antagonists have been described in WO 97/21704, WO 97/21707, WO 97/21703 and WO 97/21435.
Substituted indoles known in the art include those described in the following patents and patent applications. U.S. Pat. No. 5,030,640 discloses alpha-heterocyclic ethanol aminoalkyl indoles which are potent .beta.-agonists. U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,663 discloses indolamine derivatives which are allegedly useful as male antifertility agents. WO 90/05721 discloses alpha-amino-indole-3-acetic acids useful as anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerotic agents. French patent 2,181,559 discloses indole derivatives with sedative, neuroleptic, analgesic, hypotensive, antiserotonin and adrenolytic activity. Belgian patent 879381 discloses 3-aminoalkyl-1H-indole-5-thioamide and carboxamide derivatives as cardiovascular agents used to treat hypertension, Raynaud's disease and migraine.

Antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone


A guided missile with a hot-gas generator, whose gas penetrates a plurality of blow-out nozzles, which are arranged at regular intervals along the circumference and extend essentially perpendicularly to the longitudinal missile axis, whereby the flow rate of the gas through the individual blow-out nozzles can be regulated by a control device. The control device has a star coupling, which contains a number of arms corresponding to the number of blow-out nozzles, whereby each arm has a positioning element assigned to it, the corresponding blow-out nozzle can close completely or partially, and each arm has a control element assigned to it.

The present invention relates to a guided missile with a hot-gas generator, whose gas penetrates a plurality of blow-out nozzles, which are arranged at regular intervals along the circumference and extend essentially perpendicularly to the longitudinal missile axis, whereby the flow rate of the gas through the individual blow-out nozzles can be regulated by a control device.
If the gas generated by the incorporated hot-gas generator is alternately blown out through one or several of the jet nozzles arranged more or less perpendicularly to the longitudinal missile axis in the area of its forward tip, then initially a transverse force develops. This transverse force is derived from the absolute thrust of the generated gas. A second transverse force develops as well, when the oncoming flow dams up as the gas emerges from the nozzle (secondary injection effect or fluid-dynamic effect). This causes the first transverse force to be strengthened. This strengthening depends on several influences such as speed, the distance between the nozzle and the tip of the missile, and the mass rate of flow through the nozzle.
In this manner, the fuel carried by the missile is better utilized, for example, when a high rate of transverse acceleration is required in the final phase of the flight. Shortly after starting and with a minimal mass rate of flow through the nozzle, a large transverse force is attained as a result of the fluid-dynamic strengthening effect. The strengthening more or less equals twice or two-and-a-half times the absolute transverse force. In the final phase of the flight, with considerably reduced speed and without a great deal of transverse-force strengthening, the mass rate of flow, which is stepped up as a result of the burn-off from the hot-gas generator, in other words, the stepped-up, absolute transverse force of the emerging gases, acts alone.


A fan inlet flow distributor comprises a skewed elliptical cone or equivalent body installed between an inlet opening of a centrifugal blower and an adjacent wall that faces the inlet. When all of the incoming airflow approaches the blower from the same general direction parallel to the wall and then makes a right turn to enter the blower's inlet, the unique shape of the flow distributor promotes a circumferentially uniform flow pattern as the air enters the fan's inlet. In some embodiments, the flow distributor comprises a skewed elliptical hyperboloid near its base and a skewed elliptical paraboloid near its vertex. The flow distributor is preferably attached to the wall and spaced apart from the fan's housing to ensure an unobstructed flow path between the distributor and the fan housing.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention generally pertains to centrifugal blowers and more specifically to an inlet flow distributor for such a blower.
2. Description of Related Art
Centrifugal fans and blowers usually have a fan wheel that draws air in a direction generally parallel to the fan wheel's rotational axis and discharges the air in a tangential or radial direction that is normally perpendicular to the axis. In cases where the blower is installed inside an enclosure, the blower's inlet may face a side wall of the enclosure. If that side wall is too close to the inlet, the wall can disturb an otherwise uniform airflow pattern into the blower's inlet. Such a disruption can create undesirable swirling of the air and reduce the fan's performance.
Although it appears that little if any effort has been applied to addressing the problem of a blower's inlet being too close to an adjacent wall, some blowers have inlet flow directors for dealing with other problems associated with centrifugal blowers. Examples of such deflectors are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application 59-196997 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,570,996; 4,549,848; 820,399; and 820,398. In each of these examples, the deflector is somewhat of a funnel with an inner surface that channels the airflow in a desired direction.
In the '398, '399, and '848 patents, it appears that the fan housing needs to be enlarged to accommodate the added deflector. Enlarging the housing can increase its cost and perhaps decrease the blower's efficiency. Moreover, the '398 patent shows significant swirling, mixing, and recirculation of the air.
The blower of the '996 patent does require a larger fan housing; however, the deflector extends a significant distance into the housing and actually obstructs a portion of the fan wheel. Although the deflector of the '996 may have an overall positive effect on the blower's efficiency, some loss may still occur where the deflector directly obstructs the fan wheel. The Japanese reference shows a deflector that not only extends into the fan wheel but also chokes off about half of the fan's inlet.
None of the aforementioned references show a blower with an inlet facing an adjacent wall. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,027,406; 4,295,416 and 4,319,521, however, show inlet silencers that help guide suction air into a blower. Each of the silencers appears to be a symmetrical body that receives airflow from multiple radial directions and redirects the airflow upward into an inlet opening of the blower. It does not appear that the inlet silencers correct any non-uniform incoming airflow pattern.
Consequently, a need still exists for an inlet flow distributor that corrects the non-uniform airflow pattern created by a wall in proximity to a fan inlet.


A method and an apparatus are provided for scrambling sequence initialization for downlink demodulation reference signal (DL DMRS) applied to the multi-user (MU) multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) in a coordinated multiple point (CoMP) scenario. The value of virtual slot index in the sequence initialization of the DL DMRS can be dynamically selected from two candidates and tied to the virtual cell ID and/or the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) scrambling ID. The two candidate values can be configured by a user equipment (UE) specific semi-statistical higher layer signaling if a subframe shifting is considered for enhanced inter-cell interference cancellation (eICIC) in HeNets. Possible values of virtual slot index used for generating the DL DMRS sequence initialization of the cell can then be derived so that access procedure information, which may include synchronization signal, physical broadcast channel, paging message, can be reliably received at the remote radio header (RRH) or pico cell.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure generally relates to a method of generating an initializing value for a sequence of reference signals and a base station using the same.
2. Related Art
In the advent of a next release of a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification in which Coordinated Multi-Point transmission/reception (CoMP) will be further supported, numerous challenges are still yet to be solved as well as new requirements are being posed to accommodate new additions to the specifications. These challenges may include inference between and within transmission points (TP), compatibility between release versions, increase demands of signal overheads and system capacities. In particular, various proposals have been made to improve the design of the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and the download modulation reference signal (DMRS).
The channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) are specifically intended to be used by a user equipment (UE) to acquire channel-state information (CSI) in the case when demodulation reference signals are used for channel estimation and downlink data demodulation. FIG. 1 illustrates, for instance, release 10 CSI-RS patterns with different CSI-RS configurations for 2, 4, and 8 antenna ports when normal cycle prefixes (NPC) are used. The numbering indices on the painted squares stand for the CSI-RS configuration indices which indicate the locations of CSI-RS signals on resource elements for each different CSI-RS configuration, and 20, 10, and 5 CS-RS configurations exist for 2, 4, and 8 CSI-RS ports respectively. Also please note that antenna ports 15 and 16 are used when there are 2 CSI-RS ports; antenna ports 15-18 are used in case of 4 CSI-RS ports; antenna ports 15-22 are used for 8 CSI-RS ports.
More specifically, the CSI-RS for each antenna pair could be allocated to the same resource elements but separated by using an orthogonal cover code (OCC) over two contiguous OFDM symbols. In other words, the division of the CSI-RS is accomplished by using the technique of code division multiplexing (CDM) expanded within 2 OFDM symbols in time domain and is called the CDM-T scheme. FIG. 2 shows an example of the CDM-T scheme for 8 antenna ports using the CSI-RS configuration #0 for time domain duplex (TDD) with 10 MHz bandwidth in case of NCP. The indices on the painted squares are the CSI-RS antenna port indices. Please note that the CSI-RS for the antenna pair 15 and 16 are allocated to the same resource elements. Likewise, the antenna pair 17 and 18, the antenna pair 19 and 20, and the antenna pair 21 and 22 also are allocated to the same resource elements.
An example of the mapping of the CSI-RS reference to specific resource elements could be seen according to Section 126.96.36.199 of the 3GPP technical specification TS 36.211 version 10.4.0 Release 10 which is hereby incorporated by reference. In this example, table 1 and table 2 together defines the allocation of CSI-RS resource as table 1 illustrates the mapping from each release 10 CSI-RS configuration to the specific resource element (k′, l′) for NCP where k′ is the subcarrier index and l′ is the OFDM symbol index, and table 2 illustrates the release 10 CSI-RS sub-frame configurations.
TABLE 1Mapping from Rel-10 CSI-RS configuration to the RE (k′, l′) for NCPNumber of CSI reference signals configuredCSI248Configuration(k′, l′)ns mod 2(k′, l′)ns mod 2(k′, l′)ns mod 2Frame structure type 10(9, 5)0(9, 5)0(9, 5)0and 21(11, 2) 1(11, 2) 1(11, 2) 1(FDD/TDD)2(9, 2)1(9, 2)1(9, 2)13(7, 2)1(7, 2)1(7, 2)14(9, 5)1(9, 5)1(9, 5)15(8, 5)0(8, 5)06(10, 2) 1(10, 2) 17(8, 2)1(8, 2)18(6, 2)1(6, 2)19(8, 5)1(8, 5)110(3, 5)011(2, 5)012(5, 2)113(4, 2)114(3, 2)115(2, 2)116(1, 2)117(0, 2)118(3, 5)119(2, 5)1Frame structure type 220(11, 1) 1(11, 1) 1(11, 1) 1only21(9, 1)1(9, 1)1(9, 1)1(TDD)22(7, 1)1(7, 1)1(7, 1)123(10, 1) 1(10, 1) 124(8, 1)1(8, 1)125(6, 1)1(6, 1)126(5, 1)127(4, 1)128(3, 1)129(2, 1)130(1, 1)131(0, 1)1
TABLE 2Rel-10 CSI-RS subframe configurationCSI-RS-CSI-RSCSI-RSSubframeConfigperiodicitysubframe offsetICSI-RSTCSI-RS (subframes)ΔCSI-RS (subframes)0-45ICSI-RS 5-1410ICSI-RS - 5 15-3420ICSI-RS - 1535-7440ICSI-RS - 35 75-15480ICSI-RS - 75
Section 126.96.36.199 shows an example of a CSI-RS sequence generation which could be expressed as follows:
                                          r                          l              ,                              n                s                                                                    (            m            )                          =                                            1                              2                                                                (                              1                -                                  2                  ·                                      c                                                              (                                              2                                                m                                            )                                                                                )                                +                                    j              ·                              1                                  2                                                                                (                                                                    1                    -                                                                  2                        ·                                                  c                                                                                (                                                                                2                                                                m                                                            +                              1                                                        )                                                                                m                                                        =                  0                                ,                1                ,                …                                                                                ,                                                      N                    RB                                          max                      ,                      DL                                                        -                  1                                                                                (        1        )            where ns is the slot index within a radio frame and l is OFDM symbol index within the slot. NRBmax, DL is the maximum number of resource blocks (RBs) for DL, and c(i) is a pseudo-random sequence and is initialized at the start of each OFDM symbol according to:cinit=210·(7·(ns+1)+l+1)·(2·X+1)+2·X+NCP  (2)where NCP=1 for NCP and 0 for extended CP (ECP) and X is NIDcell, which is the cell ID of the serving cell or transmit point (TP) and can be any one of the values from 0 to 503. An example of c(i) could be the length-31 Gold pseudo-random sequence as defined in section 7.2 of TS 26.211 v10.4.0. It should be noted that, the orthogonality of CSI-RS between cells/TPs could be achieved by using the same sequence initialization (i.e. ns, l, X and NCP) but different ports through cover codes. This means that the parameters ns, l, X and NCP would be required to produce the same initialization value for the CSI-RS between different cells/TPS in order to maintain orthogonalities. For example, port 15 and port 16 are orthogonal if they use the same sequence initialization. However, if different sequence initializations but same port of CSI-RS are used for the cells/TPs, the orthogonality of CSI-RS between cells/TPs will no longer hold.
The consequence of the need for orthogonalities is that extra reference signal overhead is required in the case of CoMP. For example, CSI-RS of 3GPP release 10 assumes a nesting property which means that a smaller number of CSI-RS ports would be a sub-set of a larger number of CSI-RS ports. Take FIG. 1 as an example, a 4-port CSI-RS would be a sub-set of an 8-port CSI-RS so that one 8-port CSI-RS resource can be shared between two cells/TPs as each of which can use one of the sub-sets of the 8-port CSI-RS. In other words, the two 4-port CSI-RS resources within the same 8-port CSI-RS resource, called as an intra-CSI-RS resource, can be used for the two cells/TPs as depicted in FIG. 3. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that two 4-port CSI-RS resources, configuration #2 and configuration #7, within the same 8-port CSI-RS resource can be respectively used for the Rel-11 or advanced version by UEs in cell #1 and cell #2 for joint transmission (JT) in CoMP with separate cell ID scenarios such as CoMP Scenario 3.
If cell #1 and cell #2 were in the CoMP scenario, according to the Rel-10 CSI-RS definition, the two 4-port CSI-RS resources within the same 8-port CSI-RS port would be required to apply the same scrambling sequence initialization generated based on for example cell #1. Under this circumstance, the 4-port CSI-RS resource using configuration #7 will no longer be used for the Rel-10 UEs in cell #2 due to mismatch of scrambling sequence initialization. In other words, the antenna ports for configuration #2 and #7 could no longer be assigned to the same resource elements using OCC since by doing so equation (2) would produce a different sequence initialization as the cell #2 uses a different set of parameters. Therefore, an additional 4-port CSI-RS resource with a corresponding muting scrambled based on cell ID #2, configured as configuration #4 for example, is needed for the Rel-10 UEs in cell #2 so that consequently an additional CSI-RS resource overhead which would have the same sequence initialization as cell #1 would be needed.
Based on FIG. 1, Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the number of CSI-RS resources which could be configured within a subframe without collision is not by any means limitless. FIG. 4 shows that the increases of CSI-RS overhead would exacerbate in the case of 8-port CSI-RS resource for 2 TPs in the JT-CoMP scenario. Hence, the available CSI-RS resources would at some point be insufficient as the number of CoMP cooperating sets grows to a large number. To order to solve the aforementioned problem, one simple solution is to independently configure a virtual cell ID X in the sequence initialization per CSI-RI port or Per TP so that the CSI-RS can be individually used per CSI-RS port (or per TPs).
Besides the orthogonalities of the CSI-RS, the orthogonalities of the downlink (DL) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) must also be considered. A DMRS is a UE specific reference signal used for channel estimation and demodulation of the downlink data. FIG. 5 shows an example of a DL DMRS pattern in the case of NCP for the release 9 and release 10 of the 3GPP specification which specifies that antenna ports 7 and 8 are used for 2 DMRS ports, antenna ports 7-10 are used for 4 DMRS ports, and antenna ports 7-14 are used for 8 DMRS ports. Similar to a CSI-RS, CDM-T scheme may also be applied to DL DMRS. For rank 1˜4 transmission, OCC with length of 2 is used for DMRS; for rank larger than 4 transmission, OCC with length of 4 is used for DMRS. More specifically, for rank 1˜4 transmission, each antenna pair of the DMRS ports are allocated at the same resource elements but separated by using the OCC over the contiguous 2 OFDM symbols as illustrated by FIG. 6. Furthermore, each pair of DMRS ports may be separated from another pair by using the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme. Please note that the indices on the painted squares stand for the DMRS antenna port indices.
A DL DMRS sequence can be expressed by equation (3) as below:
                                          r                                      (              m              )                                =                                                    1                                  2                                                                          (                                  1                  -                                      2                    ·                                          c                                                                    (                                                  2                                                    m                                                )                                                                                )                                      +                                          j                ·                                  1                                      2                                                                                (                                  1                  -                                      2                    ·                                          c                                                                    (                                                                              2                                                        m                                                    +                          1                                                )                                                                                )                                                                                m          =                      {                                                                                0                    ,                    1                    ,                    …                                                                                ,                                                                  12                                                                          N                          RB                                                      max                            ,                            DL                                                                                -                      1                                                                                NCP                                                                                0                    ,                    1                    ,                    …                                                                                ,                                                                  16                                                                          N                          RB                                                      max                            ,                            DL                                                                                -                      1                                                                                ECP                                                                                (        3        )
where NRBmax, DL is the maximum number of resource blocks (RBs) for DL. For equation (3), c(i) could be a pseudo-random sequence according to section 7.2 of TS 36.211 v10.4.10 and is initialized at the beginning of each subframe usingcinit=·((ns/2)+1)·(2·X+1)·216+nSCID  (4)where ns is the slot index within a radio frame, X=NIDcell is the cell ID of the serving cell/TP and nSCID=0 (the scrambling ID) unless specified otherwise. For a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission on port 7 or 8, nSCID for downlink control information (DCI) format 2B is indicated by the scrambling ID field and for 2C is recited below based on the specification according to 3GPP TS 36.212 release 10 version 10.5.0 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
TABLE 3Antenna port(s), scrambling ID and number oflayers indication for Rel-10 DCI format 2C.One Codeword:Two Codewords:Codeword 0 enabled,Codeword 0 enabled,Codeword 1 disabledCodeword 1 enabledValueMessageValueMessage01 layer, port 7, nSCID = 002 layers, ports 7-8, nSCID = 011 layer, port 7, nSCID = 112 layers, ports 7-8, nSCID = 121 layer, port 8, nSCID = 023 layers, ports 7-931 layer, port 8, nSCID = 134 layers, ports 7-1042 layers, ports 7-845 layers, ports 7-1153 layers, ports 7-956 layers, ports 7-1264 layers, ports 7-1067 layers, ports 7-137Reserved78 layers, ports 7-14
The first 4 rows at the left hand side and the first 2 rows at the right hand side of Table 3 show that the DMRS is applied to the multi-user (MU) MIMO (MU-MIMO) and the rest is for the single-user (SU) MIMO (SU-MIMO) which can be illustrated in FIGS. 7(a)-7(d) where FIG. 7(a) illustrates SU-MIMO transmitting two layer streams of data containing DMRS through antenna ports 7 and 8, FIG. 7(b) illustrates co-scheduled MU-MIMO with each UE having one layer stream and the same scrambling ID, FIG. 7(c) illustrates 2 UEs co-scheduled with each having a different nSID and two layers of data, and FIG. 7(d) illustrates co-scheduled 4 UE MU-MIMO with each having a single layer of data stream and two of the UEs may have the same scrambling ID. It should be noted that different scrambling ID or nSCID would result in different initiation values of scrambling sequences.
Since orthogonality means that at least two different DMRS with the same scrambling sequence through different antenna ports, and quasi-orthogonalities means that two different DMRS would have different scrambling sequences, it can be seen from the left hand side of table 3 that DMRS between value 0 and 2 would be orthogonal from each other, and DMRS between values 1 and 3 would be orthogonal. DMRS between values 0 and 1 and between 2 and 3 would be quasi-orthogonal. As for the right hand side, DMRS between different layers of data stream within the same UE would be orthogonal but quasi-orthogonal between different UEs.
Therefore, in order to control orthogonalities of DMRS signals, the parameters nSCID, X, and ns must be carefully chosen to satisfy new requirements for further releases. Requirements for a future release has been suggested as (1) interference randomization between TPs, (2) orthogonal MU pairing within each TP, (3) backward compatible orthogonal MU pairing between releases, (4) orthogonal MU pairing across TP border, and (5) feasibility for Joint Transmission (JT) and dynamic point selection (DPS). At this point, it has been agreed that DL DMRS sequence would be further enhanced for a future release version in which the value of X can be dynamically chosen from {x(0), x(1), . . . , x(N−1)}, where N is an integer and 1≦N≦503, and x(n) (0≦n<N) are configured by UE specific radio resource (RCC) signaling. Currently there have been two solutions to dynamically select the parameter X.
The first solution is that X is dynamically selected from x(0) and x(1), and nSCID in DCI is re-used for dynamic selections of x(0) and x(1) according to equation (5):
                    X        =                  {                                                                      x                                                        (                    0                    )                                                                                n                    SCID                                    =                  0                                                                                x                                                        (                    1                    )                                                                                n                    SCID                                    =                  1                                                                                (        5        )            According to equation (5), X is dynamically selected and is tied to nSCID. Solution 1 is summarized according to table 4, where NIDserving is the ID number of the serving TP, and NIDcommon could be the ID number of the macro cell or an additional virtual ID. Solution 1 thus can support two dynamic DL DMRS sequences per TP configured for UEs.
TABLE 4nSCIDx(n) = x(nSCID)Antenna port, v0x(0) = NIDserving781x(1) = NIDcommon78
The second solution is that X is dynamically selected from x(0) and x(1) using an additional bits in DCI. Solution 2 thus supports 4 dynamic DL DMRS sequences configured for UE with two bits supporting four combinations. Solution 2 is summarized by table 5 below:
TABLE 5nSCIDx(n)Antenna port, v0x(0) = NIDserving78x(1) = NIDcommon781x(0) = NIDserving78x(1) = NIDcommon78Solution 1 is currently considered the solution since it has less reference signal overhead and less impact on standardization.
FIG. 8A-8E illustrates the impact of Solution 1 mentioned above on CoMP scenario 3. Requirement (1) requires that interferences be randomized between TPs, and requirement (2) requires orthogonal pairing within each TP. In order to achieve requirement (1), co-schedule UEs within different TPs must be configured with different DL DMRS scrambling sequence initialization values so as to be quasi-orthogonal between TPs as illustrated by FIG. 8A. This implies that different values of X or different values of nSCID should be configured from one TP to another. In order to achieve requirement (2), same values of nSCID should be configured within each TPs.
Requirement (3) requires orthogonal MU pairing between Rel-10 EUs and Rel-11 UEs. To achieve requirement (3), co-scheduled UEs are configured with same DL DMRS scrambling sequence initialization value which meaning that the same values of nSCID and X should be configured among the co-scheduled UEs as illustrated by FIG. 8B. Requirement (4) requires orthogonal MU pairing across TP border. To achieve requirement 4, co-scheduled UEs are configured with same DL DMRS scrambling sequence initialization value which means that the same value of nSCID and X should be configured for the co-scheduled UEs as illustrated in 8C.
Require (5) requires feasibility for JT and DPS. To achieve JT for Requirement 5, the co-scheduled UEs are needed to be configured with same DL DMRS scrambling sequence initialization value which means that the same value of nSCID and X should be configured for the co-scheduled UEs as illustrated in FIG. 8D. To achieve DPS for Requirement 5, the UE is configured with different DL DMRS scrambling sequence initialization values for different TPs which means that different values of X or different values of nSCID should be configured for the UE for different TPs as illustrated in FIG. 8E.
It should be noted that as far as the enhancement for sequence initialization is concerned thus far, the virtual ID X has received the most attention. However, the slot number ns has not been taken into consideration. Under CoMP scenarios when the cooperating cells/TPs are not synchronous, differences in the slot number ns among each cell/TP would have an adverse impact on the sequence initialization for both the CSI-RS and DL DMRS, and therefore, a design of sequence initialization using the slot number ns is needed.

Method for initializing sequence of reference signal and base station using the same

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